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ȼɈȾɈȻɈȿɆ ȾɅə ȼɈȾɈɋɅɂȼɈȼ ȻȿɁȼȺɄɍɍɆɇɈȽɈ ɉɊɈɎɂɅə SPILLWAY SURFACE CONJUGATION WITH THE APRON SLAB
Ⱥ.ȼ.Ɉɫɬɹɤɨɜɚ
c c
c R
L V R h
F mV
2
* 2
* U 1 (2),
ɡɞɟɫɶ hc – ɬɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɫɯɨɞɹɳɟɣ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɫɥɢɜɚ ɫɬɪɭɢ,ɛɥɢɡɤɚɹ ɤ ɫɠɚɬɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ;ɩɨ ɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɞɥɢɧɚ ɫɨɩɪɹɝɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɫɥɢɜɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɪɚɜɧɟɧɚ ɤ ɜɟɥɢɱɢ-ɧɟ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɚ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ L*#Rc;V – ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɪɭɢ;ɦɚɫɫɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɪɚɜɧɚ:
B L h
m
U
c * (3),ɝɞɟL* - ɞɥɢɧɚ ɧɨɫɤɚ ɜɨɞɨɫɥɢɜɚ,ȼ* = 1ɦ – ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɚɹ ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɫɥɢɜɚ.
ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ hc ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɬɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɫɥɢɜɚ Ɋ ɢ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɦ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɜɨɞɨɫɥɢɜɚ:
32
2gH m
q ɜ (4),
ɝɞɟmɜ - ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɜɨɞɨɫɥɢɜɚ,ɇ - ɧɚɩɨɪ ɧɚ ɝɪɟɛɧɟ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ ɫɨɩɪɹɝɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɜɨɞɨɫɥɢɜɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɬɟɥɟ ɜɨɞɨɫɥɢɜɚ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɺɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ, ɡɚɜɢ-ɫɹɳɟɝɨ ɨɬ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ (ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɩɨɫɬɟɥɢ,ɨɱɟɪɬɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɜɪɟɡɤɢ ɜɨɞɨ-ɫɥɢɜɚ ɜ ɝɪɭɧɬ,ɫɯɟɦɵ ɚɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.),ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɚ ɪɚɦɤɢ ɧɚɫɬɨɹ-ɳɟɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ.Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ,ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɚ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ:
1 1
*
*
*
#
c
ɞɨɩ R
F L
p F (5)
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ Ⱥ.Ⱥ.ɋɚɛɚɧɟɟɜɭ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:
c c c
R h g V g p* 2 U
(6), ɝɞɟVɫ,hc – ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɠɚɬɨɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ,Rɫ – ɪɚɞɢɭɫ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ.
ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ,ɱɬɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɛɨɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ:
P Hg
Vc M 2 (7)
ɢ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ,ɱɬɨVɫhc = q,ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ (4), ɡɚɩɢɲɟɦ:
gɊ ɇ
gR h q ɇ Ɋ R g
h g g p
c c c
c 2 # 2
1 2
* M M
U
(8)
ɉɪɢɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɹɪɞɨɩɢɪ*ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ (8), ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ:
) ( 2 32 2
ɇ Ɋ g p H
g R m
ɞɨɩ
c M (9)
ɋɱɢɬɚɹ,ɱɬɨɪɞɨɩɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɜɨɞɨɫɥɢɜɚ ɢ ɧɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɨɦ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ,ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ (9) ɡɚɩɢɲɟɦ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ:
¸
¹
¨ ·
©
§
ɇ
H Ɋ k H P H kH
Rc
1
2 1 2
1 (10),
ɝɞɟk =
M
pɞɨɩg m2 .
Ɋɢɫ.1.Ɋɚɫɱɺɬɧɚɹ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɜɨɞɨɫɥɢɜɚ
Ɋɢɫ. 2. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɚ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɉ.Ƚ.Ʉɢɫɟɥɟɜɚ ɢ ȼ.Ɍ.ɑɨɭ
ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɪɞɨɩɧɚɦ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɚ,ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ (10) ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɭɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɉ.Ƚ.Ʉɢɫɟɥɺɜɭ ɢ ȼ.Ɍ.ɑɨɭ:
¸¹
¨ ·
©
§ ɇ f Ɋ H
Rc (11)
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɚ,ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɟ (ɪɢɫ. 2), ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ,ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɦɚ-ɥɨɣ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɜɨɞɨɫɥɢɜɨɜ (
H
P ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɞɨ 9-10) ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟ-ɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɨɜ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɡɧɚɱɟ-ɧɢɹ H
Rc ɜɨɞɨɫɥɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɛɨɟɦ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɉ.Ƚ.
Ʉɢɫɟɥɺɜɚ ɢ ȼ.Ɍ.ɑɨɭ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɦɢ,ɚ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ H
P>10 ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹRcɞɥɹ ɜɨɞɨɫɥɢɜɨɜ ɜɵɫɨɬɨɣ ɛɨɥɟɟ 30 ɦɟɬɪɨɜ,ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ ȼ.Ɍ.
ɑɨɭ (1) ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɨɜ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɉ.Ƚ.Ʉɢɫɟɥɺɜɚ. Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶ-ɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɯ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɚ ɩɨ ȼ.Ɍ.ɑɨɭ ɢ ɉ.Ƚ.Ʉɢɫɟɥɺɜɚ ɩɪɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɜɵ-ɫɨɬɚɯ ɩɥɨɬɢɧ,ɩɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɜɢɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ,ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɞɨɩɭɫ-ɤɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɪɞɨɩ.
ȼɚɠɧɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ,ɱɬɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɨɪɚɇ,ɜɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɦɧɨɠɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɨɞ ɪɚɞɢɤɚ-ɥɨɦ ɜ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ (10), ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɫɥɚɛɨ.ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɫɥɟ-ɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɭɩɪɨɳɺɧɧɵɟ ɚɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɰɢɢ:
-ɪɚɫɱɺɬɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ȼ.Ɍ.ɑɨɭ:
0, 4 0, 6
Rc P
H H (12);
-ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɉ.Ƚ.Ʉɢɫɟɥɺɜɚ ɞɥɹ H
P ɦɟɧɶɲɟ 30:
1, 42 ln
Rc P
H H (13),
-ɞɥɹ H
P ɛɨɥɶɲɟ 30:
H P H P H
R
c/ ln 52 3 ,
1 ¸
¹
¨ ·
©
§
(14)ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɚɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɰɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ȼ.Ɍ. ɑɨɭ ɞɚɺɬ ɨɬɧɨ-ɲɟɧɢɟ
P
Rc = 0,56, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɭɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦɢ Ʌ.ɇ.Ɋɚɫɫɤɚɡɨɜɚ [4]. ɉɪɢ ɥɢɧɟɣ-ɧɨɣ ɚɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɰɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ Ʉɢɫɟɥɺɜɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
P
Rcɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɦ ɤ 0,42, ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɭɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ,ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ [4].
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ:
1. ɋɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤ ɩɨ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɚɦ. / ɉɨɞ ɪɟɞ.ɉ.Ƚ.Ʉɢɫɟɥɺɜɚ.Ɇ.: ɗɧɟɪɝɢɹ, 1972.
2. ɒɬɟɪɟɧɥɢɯɬ Ⱦ.ȼ.Ƚɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɤɚ. 3-ɟ ɢɡɞ., ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬ.ɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɟ.Ɇ.: Ʉɨɥɨɫɋ, 2004.
3. ɑɨɭ ȼ.Ɍ.Ƚɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɤɚ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ. - Ɇ.:ɋɬɪɨɣɢɡɞɚɬ, 1969. - 463 ɫ.
4. Ɋɚɫɫɤɚɡɨɜ Ʌ.ɇ.ɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ.Ƚɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ.Ɇ.: Ⱥɋȼ, 2008.
Literature:
1. Directory of hydraulic calculations. P.G.Kiseliov. M.: Energy, 1972.
2. Shterenlikht D.V., revised and enlarged. M.: KolosS, 2004.
3. Tchou V.T. Hydraulics of open channels. – M.: Stroyizdat, 1969. – pp.463.
4. Rasskazov L.N. and others. Hydraulic engineering. M.: ASV, 2008.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ:Ɋɚɫɱɺɬ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɚ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ,ɪɚɫɱɺɬ ɜɨɞɨɫɥɢɜɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ,ɪɚɞɢɭɫ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɫɥɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ,ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɤɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ, ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟ-ɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɫɱɺɬ,ɜɨɞɨɫɥɢɜ ɛɟɡɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ, ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɫɥɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɞɧɨɦ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ.
Key words: calculation of radius of conjugation, calculation of the spillway of practical profile, radius of the spillway surface, hydraulics of hydraulic structures, hydraulic calculation, weir profile, conjugation of the apron slab, analysis of data from different studies.
ɉɨɱɬɨɜɵɣ ɚɞɪɟɫ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ. 129337, ɊɎ,ɝ.Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ,əɪɨɫɥɚɜɫɤɨɟ ɲ., ɞ.26.
Ɍɟɥɟɮɨɧ/ɮɚɤɫ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ. (499)2613912 / (499)2615953.
e-mail ɚɜɬɨɪɚ.[email protected].
Ñòàòüÿ ïðåäñòàâëåíà Ðåäàêöèîííûì ñîâåòîì «Âåñòíèê ÌÃÑÓ»
ȼɈȾɇɈ-ɗɇȿɊȽȿɌɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ȺɋɉȿɄɌɕ ɊȺȻɈɌɕ ɉɊɂɅɂȼɇɕɏ ɗɅȿɄɌɊɈɋɌȺɇɐɂɃ ȼ ɋɈɋɌȺȼȿ ɗɇȿɊȽɈɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɈȼ
Ɉ.Ⱥ.Ɇɭɪɚɜɶɟɜ, ȼ.ȼ.Ȼɟɪɥɢɧ, Ⱦ.ɋ.ɋɚɜɱɟɧɤɨɜ
ɆȽɋɍ Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɜɨɞɧɨ-ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɪɢɥɢɜɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ ɢɯ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɨɬɞɚɱɢ.
Results of the analysis of water-power and economic calculations on a substantiation of parameters of tidal power stations and indemnification of their non-uniform power return are considered.
ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɜɨɡɪɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɦ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɥɢɜɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ. ɇɨɜɵɣ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫ ɤ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɉɗɋ ɞɚɥ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɪɨɫɬ ɰɟɧ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ,ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɝɟɧɟ-ɪɚɰɢɢ,ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɦ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɩɪɢɥɢɜɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧ ɧɚ ɩɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɟ Ȼɚɪɟɧɰɟɜɚ,Ȼɟɥɨɝɨ ɢ Ɉɯɨɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɟɣ.ɉɪɢɥɢɜɵ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɧɨɫɹɬ ɩɨɥɭɫɭɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɫ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɧɢɡɤɢɦɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɦɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɬɨɤ. ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɩɪɢɥɢɜɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɞɨɥɶ Ʉɨɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹ ɫ ɡɚɩɚɞɚ ɧɚ ɜɨɫɬɨɤ.
ɋɚɦɚɹ ɦɚɥɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɩɪɢɥɢɜɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜ ɝɭɛɟ Ⱦɨɥɝɚɹ,ɫɚɦɚɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ - ɜ Ɇɟɡɟɧ-ɫɤɨɦ ɡɚɥɢɜɟ.ȼɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɥɢɜɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ Ɍɭɝɭɪɫɤɨɦ ɡɚɥɢɜɟ ɢ ɉɟɧɠɢɧ-ɫɤɨɣ ɝɭɛɟ Ɉɯɨɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ.
ȼ ɬɚɛɥ. 1 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɉɗɋ,ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ.Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦɢ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɜɟ-ɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɩɪɢɥɢɜɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ 2,5 ɦ, ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɉɗɋ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 3…4 ɤɦ2, ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɨɬ ɧɚɢɧɢɡɲɟɝɨ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ (ɇɌɍ)ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 8 ɦ,ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɵɟɦɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɞɧɨɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɞ ɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɉɗɋ.
ȼɨɞɧɨ-ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɥɢɫɶ ɩɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧ-ɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦ,ɢɦɢɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɉɗɋ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɦɚɪɟɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦ ɩɪɢɥɢɜɚ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɢ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɛɚɬɢɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦ ɨɬɫɟɤɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ (ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ).
Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɟɣ ɉɗɋ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ,ɤɚɤ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɉɗɋ (ɜɵɞɟɪɠɤɚ, ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ,ɩɟɪɟɩɭɫɤ ɩɪɢ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɧɚɩɨɪɚɯ), ɢɫɩɨɥɶ-ɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɬɭɪɛɢɧ, ɜɨɞɨɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɵɯ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣ,ɩɪɨɪɚɧɚ ɧɟɡɚ-ɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ, ɪɟɲɟɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫ ɦɚɤɫɢ-ɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɞɟɬɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ,ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪ-ɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ.
ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɜɨɞɧɨ-ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ. ȼɨɞɧɨ-ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɛɚɡɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɉɗɋ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1 - ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɨɤ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɉɗɋ.
Ɋɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ
ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɩɪɢɥɢɜɚ,
ɦ
ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɳɚɞɶ-
ɛɚɫɫɟɣ-ɧɚ, ɤɦ2
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜ-ɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ,
Ɇȼɬ
Ƚɨɞɨɜɚɹ
ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬ-ɤɚ, ɦɥɧ.ɤȼɬɱ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡ.
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥ.
ɦɨɳɧ., ɱɚɫ/ɝɨɞ Ȼɚɪɟɧɰɟɜɨ ɦɨɪɟ
Ƚɭɛɚ Ⱦɨɥɝɚɹ 2,5 4,5 12 24 1983
Ƚɭɛɚ Ⱦɪɨɡɞɨɜɤɚ, ɇɨɤɭɟɜɫɤɢɣ ɡɚɥɢɜ
3,3 3,9 13,5 31 2296 Ƚɭɛɚ ɂɜɚɧɨɜɤɚ,
ɇɨ-ɤɭɟɜɫɤɢɣ ɡɚɥɢɜ
3,3 21,8 66 157 2379 Ƚɪɟɦɢɯɚ,
ɋɜɹɬɨɧɨɫ-ɫɤɢɣ ɡɚɥɢɜ
3,7 3,1 10,6 27 2547 ɂɨɤɚɧɶɝɚ,
ɋɜɹɬɨ-ɧɨɫɫɤɢɣ ɡɚɥɢɜ
3,7 3,0 11,3 30 2611
Ʌɭɦɛɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɡɚɥɢɜ 4,4 56,5 320 912 2850
Ȼɟɥɨɟ ɦɨɪɟ
Ɇɟɡɟɧɫɤɚɚɹ ɉɗɋ 5,7 2560 8000 38 900 4862
Ɉɯɨɬɫɤɨɟ ɦɨɪɟ
Ɍɭɝɭɪɫɤɢɣ ɡɚɥɢɜ 6,8 1120 3640 13 800 3791 ɉɪɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɉɗɋ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɤɨɧ-ɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɭɟɦɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ: ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ, ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ɬɭɪɛɢɧ, ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɡɚɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɟ,ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚɹ ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɬɭɪɛɢɧ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɫɬɚ-ɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɉɗɋ, ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɡɢɝɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɫɭɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɗɋ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ ɫɢɡɢɝɢɢ ɢ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɤɨɦɩɟɧ-ɫɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ȽȺɗɋ, Ƚɗɋ ɢɥɢ Ɍɗɋ, ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɛɚɡɢɫɧɵɟ ɪɟɠɢɦɵ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɭɪɵ,ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɬɟɫɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ.
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɉɗɋ.ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨ-ɞɵ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ ɉɗɋ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɬɨɝɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɢɞ-ɪɨɬɭɪɛɢɧ ɫ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ 5 ɦ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɹɪɭɫɧɨɦ,ɞɜɭɯɴɹɪɭɫɧɨɦ ɢ ɬɪɟɯɴɹɪɭɫ-ɧɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ. Ɍɭɪɛɢɧɚ ɚɝɪɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɩɥɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɢ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɵɦ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨ-ɪɨɦ.Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɧɟɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ-ɫɹ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɜ ɨɩɬɢɦɭɦɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɯ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ. Ʉ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɫɨɛɟɧ-ɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɨɪɬɨɝɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɭɪɛɢɧ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨ-ɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧ-ɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ.ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɭɪɛɢɧɭ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟ-ɩɭɫɤɚ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɧɚɩɨɪɚɯ ɢ ɨɬɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɨɣ ɩɥɨ-ɬɢɧɵ.
ȼ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɯ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ ɉɗɋ ɫ ɨɪɬɨɝɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɭɪɛɢɧɨɣ: ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ 5 ɦ, ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɜɭɯɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɣ,ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ, ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɚɹ ɨɬ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ,ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɬɜɨɪɚ,ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɬɭɪɛɢɧɭ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɩɨɪɚɯ, ɛɥɢɡ-ɤɢɯ ɤ ɧɭɥɸ, ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɭɪɛɢɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɩɨɪɚɯ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ.
ɐɢɤɥɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɉɗɋ.ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɨɥɭɫɭɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɥɢɜɚ,ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫ-ɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ,ɞɜɭɯɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɉɗɋ ɞɚɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɦ (ɪɢɫ. 1). ɉɪɢ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɹɯ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɦɟɧɟɟ 30% ɨɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɣ,ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɦ ɢ ɞɜɭɯ-ɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɚɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɛɥɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ,ɱɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɯɨ-ɞɨɜ ɉɗɋ ɢ ɢɯ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ.
Ɋɢɫ. 1.Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɉɗɋ ɨɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ Ɇɟɡɟɧɫɤɨɣ ɉɗɋ
Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɉɗɋ ɨɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɞɜɭɯɫɬɨ-ɪɨɧɧɟɝɨ ɢ ɨɞɧɨɫɬɨɞɜɭɯɫɬɨ-ɪɨɧɧɟɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɉɗɋ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ.Ɉɧɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ, ɨɛɭ-ɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ɬɭɪɛɢɧ (ɫɦ.ɪɢɫ. 1). Ɉɩɵɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɵ-ɜɚɟɬ,ɱɬɨ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɥɟɠɚɬ ɧɚ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɜɟɬɜɢ,ɝɞɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɨɬ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɳɟ ɛɥɢɡɤɚ ɤ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ.
ɇɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɨɬɞɚɱɢ ɉɗɋ ɢ ɟɟ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɹ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɢ-ɥɢɜɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɨɬɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɬɨɤ,ɦɟɫɹɰɚ ɢ ɝɨɞɚ. ɇɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɪɟɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ ɩɪɢɥɢɜɚ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ.
Ƚɨɞɨɜɚɹ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ (ɥɟɞ, ɫɬɨɤ ɪɟɤ, ɜɩɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɸ, ɜɟɬɟɪ, ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ). ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɫɹɱɧɨɣ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɚ. ɗɬɚ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɜɟɥɢɤɚ. Ɇɢ-ɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɟɫɹɱɧɚɹ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 90 - 95% ɨɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ (ɪɢɫ. 2,ɛ).
Ɇɟɫɹɱɧɚɹ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ ɩɪɢɥɢɜɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɞɨɥ-ɠɟɧɢɟ ɥɭɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɫɹɰɚ ɨɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫɢɡɢɝɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɥɢɜɚ ɞɨ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶ-ɧɨɣ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɥɢɜɚ (ɪɢɫ. 2,ɚ). ɇɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɫɹɰɚ.ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɜɵ-ɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ Ɇɟɡɟɧɫɤɨɣ ɢ Ɍɭɝɭɪɫɤɨɣ ɉɗɋ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɭɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɜɵɪɚ-ɛɨɬɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 50 – 70 % ɨɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ.
ɋɭɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɚɦɚɹ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɚɹ.Ɉɧɚ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɧɚ-ɩɨɪɚ ɉɗɋ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɦ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ. Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɨ ɧɭɥɹ.ȼ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɞɜɭɯɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɦ ɰɢɤɥɟ ɉɗɋ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚ (ɩɢɤɚ)ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ɋɢɫ. 2.ɇɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɨɬɞɚɱɢ Ɇɟɡɟɧɫɤɨɣ ɉɗɋ;ɚ – ɦɟɫɹɱɧɚɹ,ɛ – ɝɨɞɨɜɚɹ Ɉɛɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɟɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ Ɇɟɡɟɧɫɤɨɣ ɉɗɋ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ 4-5 ɱɚɫ ɜ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫɢɡɢɝɢɢ ɞɨ 6-7 ɱɚɫ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɭɪɵ (ɪɢɫ. 3,ɚ).
ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ ɗɧɟɪɝɨɫɟɬɶɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɹ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɨɬɞɚ-ɱɢ ɉɗɋ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɟɫɥɢ ɞɨɥɹ ɉɗɋ ɩɨ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ 5%. ɇɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɣ ɉɗɋ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɪɚɡɝɪɭɡɤɢ Ɍɗɋ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ,ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟ-ɠɢɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ Ƚɗɋ, ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɡɚɪɹɞɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ ȽȺɗɋ,ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɟɣ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨ-ɛɨɜ.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɗɋ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɛɚɡɢɫɧɵɣ ɪɟ-ɠɢɦ, ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɫɹɰɚ,ɫɥɟɞɭɹ ɡɚ ɦɟɫɹɱɧɨɣ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨ-ɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɨɬɞɚɱɢ ɉɗɋ.ɉɪɢ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɉɗɋ ɢ ȽȺɗɋ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɩɢɤɨɜɵɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ,ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ 24 ɱɚɫ ɜ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɢɡɢɝɢɸ ɞɨ 12 – 14 ɱɚɫ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɭɪɵ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɹ ɫɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɗɋ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ Ƚɗɋ, ɬɨ Ƚɗɋ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɦɨɳɧɨɣ,ɱɟɦ ɉɗɋ.Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɉɗɋ ɷɬɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ Ƚɗɋ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨ 3500–7000 Ɇȼɬ. Ʉɨɦɩɟɧɫɢ-ɪɭɸɳɢɟ Ƚɗɋ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɟɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɭɪɛɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ȽȺɗɋ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬ-ɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫɢɡɢɝɢɢ,ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨɝɨ – ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɭɪɵ (ɪɢɫ. 3,ɛ).
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ȽȺɗɋ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ ɦɟɫɹɱɧɨɣ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɨɬɞɚɱɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɜ 5–6 ɪɚɡ,ɱɬɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ Ƚɗɋ-ȽȺɗɋ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟɦ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ɋɟɠɢɦɵ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɉɗɋ-ȽȺɗɋ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 3,ɜ.Ɉɬ ȽȺ-ɗɋ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɪɟɜɟɪɫɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɬɨɤ ɫ 8-ɸ ɩɢɤɚɦɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɭɬɤɢ.ɋɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ȽȺɗɋ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ,ɱɬɨ ɨɧɚ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɟɛɹ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ,ɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɉɗɋ.ȼ ɷɬɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɧɚ ɰɢɤɥɟ ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɦɟɧɟɟ 10 % ɨɬ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɉɗɋ.
ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɨɬɞɚɱɢ ɪɟɠɢɦɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɉɗɋ.ɋɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɗɋ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɢɝ-ɧɭɬɨ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɰɢɤɥɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɉɗɋ.ȼ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɯ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɞɜɭɯ-ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜɚɹ ɉɗɋ ɫ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɮɚɡɟ,ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɞɧɨɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜɚɹ ɫ ɢɡ-ɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɩɨɪɚɯ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ.
Ɋɢɫ. 3.Ɋɟɠɢɦɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ Ɇɟɡɟɧɫɤɚɹ ɉɗɋ ɢ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ȽȺɗɋ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ ɫɢɡɢɝɢɢ ɢ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɭɪɵ
Ⱦɜɭɯɛɚɫɫɧɟɣɧɨɜɚɹ ɉɗɋ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɩɨ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɷɥɟɤ-ɬɪɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɦ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɟɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɨ. Ɉɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɉɗɋ ɧɚ 30% ɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɟɟ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɢɧɵ,ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɵ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɉɗɋ ɛɟɡ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɧɚɩɨɪɭ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɧɟ-ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫɢɡɢɝɢɢ.ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟ-ɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɥɢɡɤɚ ɤ ɧɭɥɸ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɉɗɋ ɫ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 1000 ɱɚɫɨɜ ɜ ɝɨɞɭ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɱɚɫɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɗɋ Ɍɭɫɥ=ɗɝɨɞ/Nɭɫɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ 2500 ɱɚɫ/ɝɨɞ.
ȼɕȼɈȾɕ
1.Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɜɨɞɧɨ-ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɉɗɋ ɧɚ ɩɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɟ Ȼɚɪɟɧɰɟɜɚ,Ȼɟɥɨɝɨ ɢ Ɉɯɨɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɟɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɨɫɧɨɜ-ɧɵɯ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɉɗɋ,ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪ-ɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɨɬɞɚɱɢ,ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
2.Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɉɗɋ,ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɟɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢ-ɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ,ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɵɬɟɫɧɹɸɳɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɉɗɋ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ,ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɧɚ ɲɢɧɚɯ ɩɪɢ-ɧɢɦɚɸɳɟɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɜɵɞɚɱɢ, ɢɡɦɟ-ɧɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ.
3. ȼɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɨɬɞɚɱɢ ɉɗɋ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɨ-ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɫ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɗɋ ɜ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ,ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟ-ɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɫɹɰɚ ɢ ɝɨɞɚ.
4. Ⱦɥɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɉɗɋ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɹ ɫɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɧɟ-ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ȽȺɗɋ, ɚ ɦɟɫɹɱɧɨɣ - ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɪɚɡɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨ-ɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ.ɉɪɢ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɉɗɋ ɢ ȽȺɗɋ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɩɢɤɨɜɵɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶ-ɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ:ɩɪɢɥɢɜɧɚɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ,ɜɨɞɧɨ-ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ,ɪɟɠɢɦɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɉɗɋ,ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɹ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɨɬɞɚɱɢ ɉɗɋ,ɉɗɋ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ
Ñòàòüÿ ïðåäñòàâëåíà Ðåäàêöèîííûì ñîâåòîì «Âåñòíèê ÌÃÑÓ»