ɋ.ɂ. ɉɢɥɹɟɜ

ɆȽɋɍ ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ ɩɨɪɬɨɜ ɢ ɚɜɚɧɩɨɪɬɨɜ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɫ ɰɟ-ɥɶɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ.

At carrying out of experimental researches on models of ports and ɚvɚn ports it is necessary to give special attention to questions of modelling of wave processes for the purpose of re-ception of authentic and reliable results.

Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɧɚ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɹɯ ɩɨɪɬɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜ-ɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɯ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɧ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɞɢɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ, ɪɟɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɥɧ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ.əɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɦɢ,ɤɨɝɞɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɢɡ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ,ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɭ ɨɬ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɨɛɢɹ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɞɜɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

1. Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɞɨɛɢɟ,ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ:

1). Ƚɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ

2). Ʉɢɧɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ - ɤɨɝɞɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɨɱɤɚɯ ɩɪɨ-ɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵ ɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɦ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ,ɬ.ɟ. ɬɪɚɟɤ-ɬɨɪɢɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵ.

3). Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ - ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɢɥ,ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɬɨɱɤɚɯ,ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɫɬɜɨ ɨɬɧɨ-ɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɦɚɫɫɚɦɢ ɞɜɭɯ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɨɱɟɤ,ɬ.ɟ. ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɫɬɜɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɪɟɞ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɩɨɥɸ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ.

11. ɍɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ,ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɚ-ɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ (ɬ.ɟ. ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ).

Ɉɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɧɚ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɨɛɢɢ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ.

ȼ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ,ɤɨɝɞɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɟɟɫɹ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɹɡɤɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ,ɨɧɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ ɇɚɧɶɟ-ɋɬɨɤɫɚ ɢ ɭɪɚɜ-ɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɟɪɚɡɪɵɜɧɨɫɬɢ.ȼ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɩɨɞɨɛɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɨɛɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɩɨɞɨɛɢɹ,ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɞɟ-ɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ,ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɫɤɢɯ,ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ.

/1, 2, 3 /.

I. Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ ɝɨɦɨɯɪɨɧɧɨɫɬɢ (ɇɨ), ɋɬɪɭɯɚɥɹ (Sh):

o , H Sh t

l X˜

ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɥɵ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɞɜɢɠɟ-ɧɢɢ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ,ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɦ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɢ.ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɯ (ɭɫ-ɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ)ɬɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɣSh=0.

II. Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ Ɏɪɭɞɚ:

2

, Fr g

X

˜A

ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɢɥ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɢ (ɨɛɴɟɦɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɯ) ɢɥɢ, ɬɨɱɧɟɟ, ɯɚ-ɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɥ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɢ ɤ ɫɢɥɚɦ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɢ.

III.Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ Ɋɟɣɧɨɥɶɞɫɚ:

Re X ,

Q

˜A

ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɢɥ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ (ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɬɪɟɧɢɹ),ɢɥɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɥɵ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɢ ɤ ɫɢɥɟ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ.

IV.Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ ɗɣɥɟɪɚ:

2,

u

E P

U X˜

ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɫɢɥɵ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ,ɢɥɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɥɵ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɫɢɥɟ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɢ.

ɉɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɵɯ ɫɢɥ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ ɗɣɥɟɪɚ:

2 2 ,

u

V g z

E X X

' ˜ '

ɝɞɟ

' z

- ɩɟɪɟɩɚɞ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ.

ȼɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ,ɝɞɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɫɢɥ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪ-ɧɨɝɨ (ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪ-ɧɨɝɨ) ɧɚɬɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɱɶ,ɬ.ɟ. ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ ȼɟɛɟɪɚ ɪɚɜɟɧ ɧɭ-ɥɸ:

0,

We V

U X˜

ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ /1, 2 / ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ,ɱɬɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɣWeɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɦɚɥɟɧɶ-ɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɯ ɜɨɥɧ(h10ɦɦ,O170ɦɦ).

Ⱦɥɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɫɢɥ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɬɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶ-ɧɵɣ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 1:100…1:150.

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ,ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹ ɩɨɞɨɛɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɟɦɶɸ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ:

A

- ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ (ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɜɨɞɵ,ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɨɛɬɟɤɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɪɟɝɪɚɞɵ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.);

X - ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ (ɩɨɬɨɤɚ,ɨɪɛɢɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɜ ɜɨɥɧɟ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.);

t

- ɜɪɟɦɹ (ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜɨɥɧɵ);

g - ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɥɵ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɢ;

U - ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ;

Q

- ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɤɢɧɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ;

P - ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ.

ɑɬɨɛɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɩɨɞɨɛɢɟ,ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɫɨɛɥɸɫɬɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜ, ɬ.ɟ. ɦɟɠɞɭ 4 ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɧɟɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ:

( , , Re, ) 0 fn Sh Fr Eu

Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɩɨɞɨɛɢɹ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸ-ɳɢɦɢ,ɚ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ,ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟ (ɢɫɤɨɦɵɟ)ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ,ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢ-ɟɦ ɢ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ.ɋ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ,ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɟɥɢ-ɱɢɧɚɦɢ A, , , ,

X

t

U Q

, ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ Ɋ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɣ (ɢɫɤɨɦɨɣ). ɉɨ-ɷɬɨɦɭ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ E_u ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦ,ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɢ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶ-ɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɬ.ɟ. ɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɨ ɱɢɫɟɥ ɗɣɥɟɪɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɨ ɩɨɞɨɛɢɟ ɩɨ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦ,ɬ.ɟ. E_u M_H(Sh Fr, , Re)^.

ɉɪɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɹɯ ɩɨɪɬɨɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɞɟɣɫɬ-ɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɢɥɚɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɢɥɵ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɢ ɢ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɢ.ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ Ɏɪɭɞɚ (Fr).Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ ɋɬɪɭɯɚɥɹ (Sh)ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ.

Ɇɚɫɲɬɚɛ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɦ,ɱɬɨɛɵ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹ Ɋɟɣɧɨɥɶɞɫɚ (Re)ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɟɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹ.

ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ /1, 2 / ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ,ɱɬɨ ɧɢɠɧɹɹ ɝɪɚ-ɧɢɰɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɢɫɥɨɦ

Re_ɞɨɩt2000,ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ.

ɉɪɢ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɧɟɟ 1:50…1:200 ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ,ɧɟ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ.ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɤ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɢɫɤɚ-ɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɨɪɬɚ; ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɦ,ɱɟɦ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɞɨ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɛɨɫ-ɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹ k_{ɢ ɫ ɤ} ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ (k_{ɢ ɫ ɤ}-ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚ ɤ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ).

Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ k_{ɢ ɫ ɤ} ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɭ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɦ ɩɨɬɨɤɟ.

ȼɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɚ Reɞɥɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɨɞɵ,ɪɚɜɧɨɝɨ z ɜ ɜɨɥɧɚɯ ɦɨɧɨɯɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ,ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɢɞ:

²

z z ,

Re r X

Q

˜ ˜

ª º

¬ ¼

ɝɞɟ

2

2

z z

r h e

S O

˜ - ɪɚɞɢɭɫ ɨɪɛɢɬɵ; 2 _z

z

r T

X S^˜ - ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɨɪɛɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ.

ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɞɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ

r

_z ɢ

X

_z ɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ:

2

4 Re ,

z n h

T

O S

S Q

§ ·

§ ·

˜ ¨ ¸

¨ ¸ ˜ ˜

© ¹ A © ¹ ^ɝɞɟ

z – ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ.

Ɍɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɪɢ ɱɢɫɥɟRe=2000 ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ 2,5h /2/. Ȼɨɥɶ-ɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜɨɥɧɵ (ɨɤɨɥɨ 90%) ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɚ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɜɨɞɵ 3h.ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ (ɨɤɨɥɨ 2h) /4/.

Ɉɬɦɟɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ,ɱɬɨ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɚɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɬɪɟɯ ɜɵɫɨɬ ɜɨɥɧ.ɗɬɨ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ-ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɚɡɨɣ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɢ ɧɚ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ ɩɨɪɬɨɜ.

Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ k_{ɢ ɫ ɤ} ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɚɹ ɫɟɪɢɹ ɨɩɵɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɢ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡ-ɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚɯ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹ.ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ k_{ɢ ɫ ɤ} ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɥɚɫɶ ɪɚɜɧɨɣ 1,5; 2,0; 2,5;

3,0 /3, 4/.

Ɇɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɚɹ ɫɟɪɢɹ ɨɩɵɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɦ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɨɣ ɥɚɛɨɪɚ-ɬɨɪɢɢ ɆȽɋɍ ɧɚ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɣ ɧɟɪɚɡɦɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ.ȼɫɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɥɢɫɶ ɢɡ ɰɟɦɟɧɬ-ɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ,ɭɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨ ɫɩɪɨɮɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢɡ ɩɟɫɤɚ.Ⱥɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɚɹ ɲɟɪɨɯɨɜɚɬɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɪɚɜɧɨɣ 1…2 ɦɦ.

ȼɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɟ-ɞɜɢɠɧɵɦ ɜɨɥɧɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɬɢɩɚ «ɤɚɱɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɳɢɬɚ».

ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ,ɱɬɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɤɨɷɮɮɢ-ɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹ k_{ɢ ɫ ɤ} ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ 2,5.

Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟ-ɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ,ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ,ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɥɚɫɶ ɤɪɭɬɢɡɧɚ h

O ɢ ɨɬɧɨ-ɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɜɨɥɧɵ d

O^, ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɧɚɬɭɪɧɵɦ, ɬ.ɟ.ɞɥɢɧɚ ɜɨɥɧɵ O ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɚ ɜ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ.

ȿɫɥɢ ɧɚ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɨɪɬɚ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɭ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɤɨɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨ-ɮɢɥɹ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ,ɧɚ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɦ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɦɭ ɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪɭ,ɬɨ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ-ɤɨɫɨɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɞɨ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɜɨɞɵ 2,5h.ɇɢɠɟ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɤɨɫɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɥɸɛɵɦ ɜɩɥɨɬɶ ɞɨ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ,ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɜɢ-ɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɭɠɟ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ,ɧɚ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɨɪɬɚ.

ɇɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɢɪɢɧɵ ɜɯɨɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɣ.ɋ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɟɪɢɹ ɨɩɵ-ɬɨɜ ɜ ɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɦ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɨɣ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢ ɆȽɋɍ ɧɚ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɣ ɧɟɪɚɡɦɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɨɪɬɚ ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɦɨɥɚɦɢ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢ-ɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɲɢɪɢɧɵ ɜɯɨɞɚ ɜ ɩɨɪɬ ɧɚ ɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɜɨɥɧ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ.ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜɨɥɧ ɧɚ ɜɯɨ-ɞɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɜɨɥɧɨɦɟɪɨɜ Ɋɍɋ.

ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ,ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɞɢɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɜɨɥɧ ɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɚȼɧɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ,ɱɟɦ ɞɥɢɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɵ O /3 /.

ɉɪɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɨ Ɏɪɭɞɭ ɩɪɢ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ 1:200 ɢ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɜɨɡ-ɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɫɢɥ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɬɹɠɟɧɢɹ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɥ ɧɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢɦɟ-ɟɬɫɹ ɪɹɞ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, Ⱥ.ɋ.Ɉɮɢɰɟɪɨɜɚ,

ɂ.Ⱥ.Ʌɨɝɢɧɨɜɚ,Ⱥ.Ɇ.ɀɭɤɨɜɰɚ,ȼ.Ʉ.ɒɬɟɧɰɟɥɹ,ɂ.Ⱥ.ɋɬɟɩɚɧɨɜɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɜɵ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫ-ɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ Ʌɚɦɛɚ ɢ Ⱥ.ɋ.Ɉɮɢɰɟɪɨɜɚ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɫɢɥ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɬɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɟɤɨ-ɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ Ʌɚɦɛɚ /2/.

ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ Ʌɚɦɛɭ, ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɥɢɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɧ O_min 1, 73^{ɫɦ, ɚ} ɫɤɨ-ɪɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɯc 23, 2ɫɦ/c.ɗɬɢ ɜɨɥɧɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɵɦɢ.

ɋɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɜɨɥɧɵ,ɝɪɚɜɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɵɟ,ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɫɤɨ-ɪɨɫɬɹɯ ɢɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ 23, 2ɫɦ/ɫ.

ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɜɧɚ:

2 ,

2

g T g

c O S

S J O

˜ ˜ c˜

˜

ɝɞɟ g - ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɥɵ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɢ,

ɫɦ / c

²; O-ɞɥɢɧɚ ɜɨɥɧɵ,ɫɦ; Tc - ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬ-ɧɨɟ ɧɚɬɹɠɟɧɢɟ,ɪɚɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɢ 20⁰C 0,075 ɝ/ɫɦ;

J

- ɨɛɴɟɦɧɵɣ ɜɟɫ ɜɨɞɵ,

ɝ ɫɦ /

^3.

ɉɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɢɧɵ ɜɨɥɧɵ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɱɥɟɧ ɩɨɞ ɤɨɪɧɟɦ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (3.9) ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɬɶ ɝɥɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ, ɚ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɱɥɟɧɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɚɞɚɬɶ, ɬ.ɟ.

ɜɨɥɧɵ ɢɡ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɝɪɚɜɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ.ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɫɢɥ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨ-ɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɬɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ 5% ɩɪɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɧ ɨɤɨɥɨ 30 ɫɦ/c.ɉɪɢ ɫ = 50ɫɦ/cɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɫɢɥ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɬɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟ-ɫɤɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ.

ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ,ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ,ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɫɢɥ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬ-ɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɬɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ,ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɨɥɧɵ ɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢɦɟɥɢ ɛɵ ɞɥɢɧɭ ɛɨɥɟɟ 17 ɫɦ.ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹ ȼɟɛɟɪɚ (ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɞɨɛɢɹ, ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɫɢɥ)ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ,ɫɱɢɬɚɹ,ɱɬɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɥɧ ɩɨɞɫɱɢɬɵɜɚ-ɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ Ɏɪɭɞɚ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɫɢɥ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ Ⱥ.ɋ.Ɉɮɢɰɟɪɨɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɵɬɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɥ ɜɜɨ-ɞɢɬɶ ɩɨɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ k_ɩ f k( )_Q (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3.1), ɝɞɟ k_Q ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ Ɋɟɣɧɨɥɶɞɫɚ (ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɩɨɞɨɛɢɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɫɢɥ ɬɪɟɧɢɹ) :

max h 2,

k_Q X h

Q D

˜ ˜

ɝɞɟ:

2

1 2 ,

2

cth d g

S

D S O

Q O

˜

˜ ˜ ˜

˜

ɡɞɟɫɶ h – ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɵ; X_max - ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɹ ɨɪɛɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɵ; Q - ɤɢɧɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ; d - ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɜɨɞɵ; O-ɞɥɢɧɚ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɵ.

Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ k_n ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 3.1.

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3.1.

Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɢɥ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɨ Ⱥ.ɋ.Ɉɮɢɰɟɪɨɜɭ

k_Q 140 560 1250 2250 5000 8900 14000

kn 2,3 1,87 1,55 1,32 1,12 1,04 1,01

Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ, ɡɚ ɧɚɬɭɪɭ ɩɪɢɧɹɬ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɦɵɣ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ 15000

k_Q (ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ k_n 1, 0), ɱɬɨ,ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ,ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɦ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1.Ʌɟɜɢ ɂ.ɂ.Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ.Ɇ.ɗɧɟɪɝɢɹ. 1967 .

2.Ɉɮɢɰɟɪɨɜ Ⱥ.ɋ.ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ.Ɇ.

ȼɨɞɝɟɨ.1958.

3.ɉɢɥɹɟɜ ɋ.ɂ. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɹɯ. ɇɟɮɬɟɝɚɡɨ-ɩɪɨɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ. 1994. ʋ 3.

4.ɉɢɥɹɟɜ ɋ.ɂ., Ɇɨɪɨɡɨɜ Ɏ.ȼ.ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɟ-ɥɹɯ ɩɨɪɬɨɜ ɢ ɚɜɚɧɩɨɪɬɨɜ. ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɬɪɭɞɨɜ «ȼɨɞɧɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ,ɩɨɪɬɵ ɢ ɩɨɪɬɨɜɵɟ ɫɨ-ɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ,ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɲɟɥɶɮɟ».ɆȽɋɍ, 1999ɝ.

Ⱥɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɹ ɩɨɪɬɚ,ɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ,ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɜɟɬɪɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɥɧ,ɩɨɞɨɛɢɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ,ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ,ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ,ɩɨɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ.

Water area of port, wave mode, parametres of wind waves, similarity of the phenomena, criteria of modelling, turbulent mode of excitement, correction factors.

ɋɬɚɬɶɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ Ɋɟɞɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɫɨɜɟɬɨɦ «ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɆȽɋɍ»

ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɕɃ ɉɈȾɏɈȾ Ʉ ɍɆȿɇɖɒȿɇɂɘ

ȾɇɈɍȽɅɍȻɂɌȿɅɖɇɕɏ ɊȺȻɈɌ

ドキュメント内 Vestnik_4_10_2.qxd (ページ 31-37)