EER [-]
ReA
w / Q
EER
A)
/(
E GA
Q Q
Q
COP
Fig.2-11 Changes of temperatures in AHP system with time
Hot water mass flow rate: 10.3 kg/s Cooling water mass flow rate: 6.7 kg/s
Table 2-5 Measurement value at the inlet and outlet of each device, COP and EER in AHP system
TWE1䚷[°C] 86.6 HgE䚷[kJ/kg] 2645 TAA1䚷[°C] 89.7 [kg/s] 0.360 [kg/s] 0.341
TWE2 [°C] 85.5 [kg/s] 0.019 TAA2 [°C] 130.8 TSA1 [°C] 139.7 TSA2 䚷[°C] 87.7
[kg/s] 10.3 T*gE䚷[°C] 81.2 [kg/s] 0.44 䃠SA1 [wt%] 63.9 䃠SA2 [wt%] 66.8
[kJ/s] 50.0 [kJ/s] 49.7 [kJ/s] 18.4
[kg/s] 0.341 [kg/s] 0.361 TWR1䚷[°C] 87.0 TWC1䚷[°C] 15.7 HgR䚷[kJ/kg] 2643
TSR1 [°C] 84.9 TSR2 [°C] 136.7 TWR2 [°C] 86.7 TWC2 [°C] 17.5 [kg/s] 0.0194
䃠SR1 [wt%] 66.8 䃠SR2 [wt%] 63.9 [kg/s] 10.3 [kg/s] 6.7 T*gC 䚷[°C] 18.3
[kJ/s] 12.9 [kJ/s] 49.8 [kJ/s] 49.7
Absorbent solution
Cooling water Water vapor
Absorbent solution Hot water
Evaporator Absorber
Regenerator Condenser
Hot water Water vapor Air Absorbent solution
Heat pump
= 27.7
w: Input power for pump = 0.665 (kW) = 0.29
[kJ/s] 18.0
[kJ/s] 18.3 Absorbent solution
QE QE
MAA
QA
1
MSA MSA2
QA
1
MSR MSR2
MWR MWC
MgR
QR QR QC QC
MWE
MgE
) /( E R
A Q Q
Q COP
w Q EER A/
Fig.2-12 Relationship of absorption solution concentrationin evaporator, vapor temperature, degree of boiling point elevation
Fig.2-13 Measurement points of water vapor temperature of evaporator and absorber
Table Study conditions of separation efficiency
Vapor flow rate Vapor density Absorption solution concentration
Absorption solution temperature
Density of mist
Mist diameter㻌
dp
[kg/s] [kg/m3] [wt%] [䉝] [kg/m3] [m]
0.0121 0.242 62.5 75 1736.5 0.000005
Table Specification of demister
Style Material
Diameter of wire
Area of passing portion of
demister
Thickness
Number of layers of wire
mesh
Volume fraction of wire in one layer [m] A [m2] [mm] N [-] K3 [-]
H-style SUS304 0.00025 0.0187 30 6 0.17
Fig.2-14 Demister mounting situation
Fig.2-15 Structure of vapor introduction plate in the upper part of absorber
Table Effect of clearance of vapor introduction plate and heat transfer tube (a) clearance of vapor introduction plate and
heat transfer tube About 0.5-2 mm
(b) clearance of vapor introduction plate and heat transfer tube
About 3-4 mm
Air mass flow rate: 0.377 kg/s Hot water temp.:80 Υ
Hot water mass flow rate: 10.4 kg/s Cooling water temp.:14.9 Υ
Cooling water mass flow rate: 10.4 kg/s
Air mass flow rate: 0.377 kg/s
Hot water temp.:80.1 Υ
Hot water mass flow rate: 10.4 kg/s Cooling water temp.:15.2 Υ
Cooling water mass flow rate: 8.4 kg/s
Fig.2-16Start-up flow chart
ಖ ಖᏳ⨨
㻱㻾㻜㻡 ⁐ᾮ⛣㏦䝫䞁䝥㻝㻝㻙㻝㻞㐣㟁ὶ 㻱㻾㻜㻢 ෭፹⛣㏦䝫䞁䝥㻝㻝㻙㻝㻟㐣㟁ὶ 䜶䝷䞊䝁䞊䝗 ಖᏳ⨨✀㢮
㻱㻾㻜㻝
㻱㻾㻜㻠
྾ჾ㧗 㻔㻝㻡㻜䉝タᐃ㻕
⏕ჾ㧗 㻔㻝㻡㻜䉝タᐃ㻕 ෭፹⛣㏦䝫䞁䝥㻝㻝㻙㻝㻜㐣㟁ὶ
⁐ᾮ⛣㏦䝫䞁䝥㻝㻝㻙㻝㻝㐣㟁ὶ 㻱㻾㻜㻞
㻱㻾㻜㻟 Ỉ䝫䞁䝥
㐠㌿ಙྕ
෭༷Ỉ䝫䞁䝥 㐠㌿ಙྕ
㐠㌿䝪䝍䞁㻻㻺 㟁※ᢞධ
จ⦰ჾỈ䍻㻸㻚㼃㻚㻸 ෭፹⛣㏦䝫䞁䝥
㻝㻝㻙㻝㻜㐠㌿
䝍䜲䝬䞊䠌ศ
䝍䜲䝬䞊䠎䠌ศ
෭፹䝫䞁䝥㻝㻝㻙㻝䠏 㐠㌿ಙྕ
⏕✵Ẽ㏦㢼ᶵ䠍䚸
⏕✵Ẽ㏦㢼ᶵ䠎䚸 ண⇕䝴䝙䝑䝖㐠㌿ಙྕ
⁐ᾮ⛣㏦䝫䞁䝥㻝㻝㻙㻝㻝䚸
⁐ᾮ⛣㏦䝫䞁䝥㻝㻝㻙㻝㻞㐠㌿
䝍䜲䝬䞊䠑ศ
㻺 㼅
㻌㻌㻌㻌ಖᏳᅇ㊰ ␗ᖖ ᨾ㞀Ṇ ṇᖖ
Fig.2-17 Operation data of Start-up
グ グྕ
A = heat transfer surface area [m2]
COP = coefficient of performance [-]
Cp = specific heat [J/(kg·K)]
Do = outside diameter of tube [m]
EER = energy efficiency ratio [-]
F fh = correction factor for types of tubes [-]
Fg = correction factor of the flow through the baffle-to-tubehole gaps in the baffles and through the annular gap between the shell and the baffle edge
[-]
Gc = mass flux of air [kg/(m2㺃s]
g = gravity [m/s2]
H = specific enthalpy [J/kg]
h = heat transfer coefficient [W/m2·K]
jh = heat transfer factor at the appropriate Reynolds number [-]
k = thermal conductivity [W/m·K]
= mass flow rate [kg/s]
Nb = number of baffles [-]
Nc = number of tube rows crossed between baffle tips in one baffle section [-]
Nc’ = total number of tube rows crossed by the flow in the entire heat changer
[-]
Ns = number of sealing strips [-]
Nt = number of tubes [-]
Nw = number of tube rows in window zone [-]
nw = number of tubes in window zone [-]
= heat transfer rate [W]
Re = Reynolds number [-]
r = ratio of the baffle cut to the total heat transfer area [-]
M
Q
Sb = window flow area [m2]
Sc = cross flow section area [m2]
Sd = bypass area [m2]
SSB = shell-to-baffle leakage area [m2]
SτB = tube-to-bafflehole leakage area [m2]
T = temperature [K]
UA = overall heat transfer coefficient [W/m2·K]
w = input power for pumps [W]
T = temperature difference [K]
X = correction factor of the number of tube rows [-]
T = temperature difference [K]
Special characters
= correction factor for the heat transfer coefficient [-]
= baffle cut correction factor [-]
= concentration of LiBr in solution [wt%]
a = viscosity in bulk temperature [Pa·s]
w = viscosity in tube wall temperature [Pa·s]
h = Eundle bypass correction factor [-]
Subscripts
1 = inlet of fluid 2 = outlet of fluid
A = absorber
a = air
C = condenser
E1 = evaporator 1 E2 = evaporator 2
g = gas phase (steam) p = input pump power base R = regenerator
S = absorption solution
W = water
➨
➨㸱❶ $+3 ࡢ✵Ẽຍ ࠾ࡼࡧపᅽẼྠ⏕ᡂࡢ≉ᛶホ౯
ᮏ❶࡛ࡣ㸪➨㸰❶࡛ᐇࡋࡓ࣋ࣥࢳࢫࢣ࣮ࣝヨ㦂⨨పᅽẼⓎ⏕⨨ࢆ㏣ຍࡋ㸪 AHPࡢ✵Ẽ࠾ࡼࡧపᅽẼྠ⏕ᡂࡢ≉ᛶࢆㄪࡿࡓࡵ㸪Ⓨჾ㸰࠾ࡼࡧ྾ჾࡢఏ⇕
≉ᛶࢩࢫࢸ࣒≉ᛶࢆ୰ᚰ᳨ウࡍࡿ㸬
ᐇ㦂࠾ࡼࡧ ᐃ᪉ἲ
⨨ᴫせ✵Ẽຍ ࠾ࡼࡧపᅽẼࡢྠ⏕ᡂࡢᐇ㦂⨨ࡢࣇ࣮ࣟࢩ࣮ࢺࢆᅗᅗ ♧ࡍ㸬ᮏ⨨
ࡢせ࡞ᵓᡂࡣ㸪➨㸰❶ࡢヨ㦂⨨Ⓨჾ ࢆ㏣ຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬⏕ჾෆ࡛⃰⦰ࡉࢀࡓ⁐ᾮ ࡣ㸪⁐ᾮ࣏ࣥࣉࡼࡗ࡚⁐ᾮ⇕ჾ࡚⇕ࡋࡓᚋ㸪྾ჾὶධࡍࡿ㸬྾ჾ࡛ࡣ㸪 ᆶ┤⟶ෆࡢෆቨἢࡗ࡚ὶୗࡋࡓ⃰⁐ᾮࡣ㸪Ⓨჾ㸯࡚⏕ᡂࡋࡓỈẼࡢ྾ࡼࡿᕼ 㔘⇕ࡼࡾὶୗࡉࢀࡿ㛫ຍ ࡍࡿ㸬✵Ẽࡣ྾ჾࡢఏ⇕⟶ࡢእ㠃ࢆྥὶ࡛ὶ㏻ࡋ㸪㧗
࡞ࡗࡓ྾ᾮ✵Ẽࡢ⇕ࡼࡗ࡚ຍ⇕ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ỈẼࡢ྾ࡼࡗ࡚ᕼ㔘ࡉࢀࡓ྾
ᾮࡣ㸪⁐ᾮ⇕ჾ࠾ࡼࡧⓎჾ ࢆ⤒⏤ࡋ࡚⏕ჾὶධࡍࡿ㸬Ⓨჾ ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡲࡔ㧗 ࡢ྾ᾮࢆ㧗 ὶయࡋ࡚ఏ⇕⟶ෆࢆὶ㏻ࡋ㸪⟶እ㠃ୖࢆὶୗࡋࡓ⣧Ỉࡢᾮ⭷ࡽỈẼ ࡀ⏕ᡂࡍࡿ㸬⏕ჾ࡛ࡣ㸪྾ᾮࡣఏ⇕⟶ࡢෆ㠃ࢆᾮ⭷≧ὶୗࡉࡏ㸪ఏ⇕⟶እ㠃ࡢ Υ ࡢ Ỉࡼࡗ࡚ຍ⇕ࡋࡘࡘ㸪Ⓨ⃰⦰ࡍࡿ㸬ⓎࡋࡓỈẼࡣจ⦰ჾ⛣ືࡋ㸪ෆ㒊౪⤥
ࡉࢀࡓ෭༷Ỉࡼࡗ࡚ఏ⇕⟶ࡢ⾲㠃ୖ࡚จ⦰ࡍࡿ㸬จ⦰ჾෆࡢỈࡣⓎჾ ࣏ࣥࣉ
࡚⛣㏦ࡍࡿ㸬྾ჾࡽ⏕ჾ⛣㏦ࡉࢀࡿ㧗 ࡢ྾ᾮ㢧⇕ࢆపᅽẼࡋ࡚⇕ᅇࡋ ࡓሙྜࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᛶ⬟ホ౯ࢆ⾜࠺㸬పᅽẼⓎ⏕⏝ࡢⓎჾ ࡣ㸪Ẽᅽࢆ㉸࠼ࡿࡀ㸪⭾ᙇ ࢱࣥࢡࡽࡢ࣊ࢵࢻᅽෆᐜ✚ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚㸪ປാᏳ⾨⏕ἲࡢᅽຊᐜჾヱᙜࡋ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺
᧯స᮲௳ࢆ㓄៖ࡋࡓ㸬Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓపᅽẼࡣ㸪จ⦰⏝⇕ჾ࡚Ẽࢆจ⦰ࡉࡏ㸪จ⦰Ỉ ࡢ㔞ࢆኳ⛗࡛ィ ࡍࡿ㸬ྛᶵჾࡢୖ㒊ᵓ㐀ࢆᅗᅗ ♧ࡍ㸬྾ᘧࣄ࣮ࢺ࣏ࣥࣉ㸦$+3㸧ࡢ
せ࡞㛵ಀᘧࢆ⾲⾲ ♧ࡍ㸬AHPࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢఏ⇕⟶ᵝࢆ㸪⾲⾲3-2♧ࡍ㸬
ᐇ㦂᪉ἲ
ᐇ㦂ࡣ㸪$+3ࡢ㐠㌿ࢆ㐃⥆ⓗ⾜࡞࠸㸪ྛ⨨ࡢධཱྀ࠾ࡼࡧฟཱྀࡢὶయ ᗘධཱྀࡢὶ㔞
ࢆᡤᐃࡢ㛫㝸࡛ࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮ࣟ࢞グ㘓ࡋࡘࡘ ᐃࡋ㸪ᐃᖖ≧ែࢆ༑ศ㐩ᡂࡋࡓࡇࢆ☜ㄆ ࡋࡓ㸬/L%U⃰ᗘࡣ㸪྾ᾮࢆ྾ჾධཱྀ࠾ࡼࡧฟཱྀ࡛➨㸱❶ྠᵝࡢ᪉ἲ࡚ࢧࣥࣉࣜࣥࢢ ࡋ࡚ồࡵࡓ㸬Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓపᅽẼࡣ㸪จ⦰⏝⇕ჾ࡚Ẽࢆจ⦰ࡉࡏ㸪จ⦰Ỉ㔞ࢆ㸯ศ࠾
ࡁኳ⛗࡛ィ ࡍࡿ㸬పᅽẼⓎ⏕⏝ヨ㦂⨨㒊ศࡢヲ⣽ࢆᅗᅗ♧ࡍ㸬
Ⓨჾ㸰ࡢ⇕ఏ㐩⋡ࡢ᪤ ࡢィ⟬᪉ἲ
Ⓨჾ㸰࡛Ẽ⏕ᡂᚲせ࡞ఏ⇕㏿ᗘ
Q
E2ࡣ㸪⇕㏻㐣⋡㸦⥲ᣓఏ⇕ಀᩘ㸧UE2㸪ᑐᩘᖹᆒ ᗘᕪ TE2ࡼࡾḟࡢᘧ࡛⾲ࡉࢀࡿ㸬1 SG 1 SG 21 SE 21 SE 2
E G H G H
Q
2 E 2 E 2
E A T
U
㸦3-1㸧
ࡇࡇ࡛㸪AE2 䡀E2iLE2NE2࡛࠶ࡾ㸪
Q
E2 TE2ࡣ⾲⾲ ࡛ᐃ⩏ࡋࡓ㸬୍᪉㸪⇕㏻㐣⋡8(ࡣ⟶ෆቨѸ྾ᾮ⭷㛫ࡢ⇕ఏ㐩ಀᩘhS2㸪⟶እ⾲㠃ѸỈ⭷㛫ࡢ⇕ఏ㐩ಀᩘhE2㸪ఏ⇕⟶ࡢ⇕ఏᑟ
⋡ ࡽ㸪ḟᘧ࡛࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬
2i E
o 2 E 2 S m
o 2 E 2 E 2 E 2 E
1 1
1
d d h d d t h
U 㸦3-2㸧
ࡇࡇ࡛㸪W(ࡣఏ⇕⟶ࡢཌࡳ㸪dE2oࡣఏ⇕⟶እᚄ㸪dE2iࡣఏ⇕⟶ෆᚄ㸪dmࡣఏ⇕⟶ࡢᑐᩘᖹᆒ ᚄ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
⟶ෆ྾ᾮࡢ⇕ఏ㐩ಀᩘhS2ࡣ㸪Hausenࡢ᪉ἲ(28)ೌࡗ࡚ồࡵࡿ㸬 㐺⏝⠊ᅖ 2320<Re<1000000㸪Pr 0.6㹼500㸪LE2/dE2i=1௨ୖ
i 2 E E2 0.14 w E2i 3 2 2 E i 2 E 1/3 2/3
2
S 0.116 Re 125(Pr) (1 d /L ) ( μ / μ ) k /d
h 㸻 㹙 㹛 / 㸦3-3㸧
i 2 E
Re 4
㸦3-4㸧i 2 E
E2i i 2 E
k
Pr C
㸦3-5㸧
⟶እࡢẼࡢ⇕ఏ㐩ಀᩘhw2 ࡣࠊWilkeࡢ᪉ἲ(29)ೌࡗ࡚ồࡵࡿ㸬
ຓ㉮༊㛫࡛ࡢᖹᆒ⇕ఏ㐩ಀᩘ
3 1 3 2 2 W 2 W 3 1
1/3 1/3 2 E2
E 2
W 2 w2
W (3 4) ( )
/ g 4 1.88
092
0 / / /
Re /
/
Pr L k
Re/
C .
h 㸦3-6㸧
ὶࢀࡢⓎ㐩ࡋࡓ༊㛫࡛ࡢᖹᆒ⇕ఏ㐩ಀᩘ
Re>3200
344 0 15 2 14
E 2
W )
)( 4 ( 0066
0 k Re / Pr .
.
h 㸦3-7㸧
i 2 E
Re 4
㸦3-8㸧i 2 E
E2i i 2 E
k
Pr C 㸦3-9㸧
15 8 2 2 E
2 i 2
E )
)( 4 g (3 302
0 Re /
. (Re>1600) 㸦3-10㸧