ᮏㄽᩥ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛✵Ẽ⏕ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㛤Ⓨࢆᐇᶵ㐺⏝ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪࣋ࣥࢳࢫࢣ࣮ࣝ
⨨ࣛ࣎ヨ㦂⨨ࡼࡿᐇ㦂ᛶ⬟ホ౯࡞ࡽࡧ྾ᾮࡢ㧗ᛶ⬟ࢆᐇ㦂ゎᯒࡼࡾ᳨
ウࡋࡓ㸬
➨㸰❶࡛ࡣ㸪࣋ࣥࢳࢫࢣ࣮ࣝᐇ㦂⨨ࡼࡿAHPࡢ✵Ẽ༢⊂ຍ ࡢ≉ᛶホ౯ࢆᐇࡋ௨
ୗࡢ⤖ㄽࢆᚓࡓ㸬
✵Ẽ㢼㔞 1㹫K㸪෭༷Ỉ ᗘ Υ࡚㸪 Ỉ ᗘࢆ Υࡽ Υୖࡆࡿࡇ
࡛✵Ẽฟཱྀ ᗘࡀࡁࡃୖ᪼ࡍࡿࡇࢆ☜ㄆࡋ㸪Υࡲ࡛᪼ ࡉࡏࡿࡇࡀ࡛
ࡁࡓ㸬ୖグࡢ᮲௳࠾ࡅࡿ⇕※ࡽࡢᅇ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᇶ‽ࡢ&23ࡲࡓࡣ⇕ຠ⋡ࡣ
࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ᮏ᮶ᗫᲠࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ⇕ᅇࡢほⅬࡽᡤ⏝ືຊࡋ࡚ᢞධࡋࡓ࢚ࢿࣝ
ࢠ࣮ᇶ‽ࡢ((5ࡣ ࡶࡢ㧗࠸್ࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓ㸬
྾ჾࡢ✵Ẽഃ⇕ఏ㐩ಀᩘࡣ㸪%HOO ࡢ᪉ἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪᥎⟬ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࢫࣃࣛࣝ
⟶ࡢఏ⇕⟶ࡼࡾ㸪✵Ẽഃࡢఏ⇕ᛶ⬟ࡢྥୖࡀᅗࢀࡓ㸬
Ⓨჾࡢ྾ᾮࡢΰධ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡀ㸪⏕ჾэจ⦰ჾࡢẼ୰྾ᾮࡢ࣑ࢫࢺࡢ
ྠకࡼࡗ࡚จ⦰ჾΰධࡋ㸪จ⦰ჾэⓎჾ෭፹⛣㏦ࡼࡗ࡚㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ
ࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓ㸬ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᛶ⬟ྥୖࡢࡓࡵ㸪྾ᾮ࣑ࢫࢺᑐ⟇ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀ
ࢃࡗࡓ㸬
ࢩ࣮ࢣࣥࢫࡼࡾ㸪⨨ࢆ㉳ືࠊᐃᖖ≧ែࡶᏳᐃࡋ࡚⮬ື㐠㌿ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ
ࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓ㸬
➨㸱❶࡛ࡣ㸪࣋ࣥࢳࢫࢣ࣮ࣝᐇ㦂⨨ࡼࡿAHPࡢ✵Ẽຍ ࠾ࡼࡧపᅽẼྠ⏕ᡂࡢ
≉ᛶホ౯ࢆᐇࡋ㸪௨ୗࡢ⤖ㄽࢆᚓࡓ㸬
྾ჾ࡛✵Ẽࢆຍ⇕ᚋ㸪྾ჾࡽ⏕ჾ⛣㏦ࡍࡿ㧗 ࡢ྾ᾮࡢ⇕ᅇࡼࡗ
࡚పᅽẼࢆⓎ⏕ࡋ࡚ࡶ✵Ẽࡢຍ ᛶ⬟ࡢపୗࡀぢࡽࢀࡎ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⇕ᅇࡢࡓ
ࡵࡢࣁࣈࣜࢵࢻ᪉ᘧࢆ᥇⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾ㸪&23 ࡢྥୖࡀᅗࢀࡿࡇࡀࢃࡗࡓ㸬
⏕ჾࡢ⇕ᨭィ⟬ࡼࡗ࡚㸪㒊ศࡀ྾ᾮࡢ⮬ᕫ⇕࡛⏕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃ
ࡗࡓ㸬
పᅽẼⓎ⏕ࡢࡓࡵࡢⓎჾ㸰ࡢఏ⇕ィ⟬ᡭἲࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓ㸬
➨㸲❶࡛ࡣ㸪ఏ⇕⟶࡛࠶ࡿ㖡〇ࢫࣃࣛࣝ༢⟶ࡢఏ⇕ヨ㦂ࢆ⾜࠸㸪௨ୗࡢ⤖ㄽࢆᚓࡓ㸬 ᾮ⭷⇕ఏ㐩ಀᩘ
࣭ࢫࣃࣛࣝ⟶࠾࠸࡚ὶ㔞ࡢቑຍక࠸ᾮ⭷⇕ఏ㐩ಀᩘࡶቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓ㸬
࣭ᖹ⟶࠾࠸࡚ὶ㔞ࡢቑຍక࠸ᾮ⭷⇕ఏ㐩ಀᩘࡣῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓ㸬
࣭ᖹ⟶ẚࢫࣃࣛࣝ⟶ࡢ࠺ࡀ㧗࠸ఏ⇕ᛶ⬟ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬
≀㉁⛣ືಀᩘ
࣭ࢫࣃࣛࣝ⟶࠾࠸࡚ὶ㔞ࡢቑຍక࠸≀㉁⛣ືಀᩘࡶቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓ㸬
࣭ᖹ⟶࠾࠸࡚Ẽ ᗘࡀప࠸ሙྜࡣὶ㔞ඹቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡀ㸪Ẽ ᗘࡀ㧗࠸
ሙྜὶ㔞ࡢቑຍࡣᑐῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓ㸬
⁐ᾮ⃰ᗘኚ
࣭ࢫࣃࣛࣝ⟶㸪ᖹ⟶ࡕࡽࡶὶ㔞ࡢቑຍక࠸⁐ᾮ⃰ᗘኚࡣᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬
࣭ὶ㔞ࡀᑠࡉ࠸ሙྜࢫࣃࣛࣝ⟶ᖹ⟶࡛⃰ᗘᕪࡢ㐪࠸ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾぢࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ ࡀὶ㔞ࡀࡁ࠸ሙྜࢫࣃࣛࣝ⟶ࡢ࠺ࡀᖹ⟶ࡼࡾࡶ⃰ᗘᕪࡀࡁࡗࡓ㸬
↓ḟඖᩘᩚ⌮
࣭ᮏᐇ㦂⤖ᯝࡼࡾࢫࣃࣛࣝ⟶ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓሙྜࡢ⇕ఏ㐩ಀᩘ,ὶ㔞,⢓ᗘࡢ㛵ಀࡋ࡚௨
ୗ♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡞↓ḟඖᐇ㦂ᘧࢆ⟬ฟࡋࡓ㸬
Nu=ͲǤͲͲͶͶRe0.79Pr0.27
➨㸳❶࡛ࡣ㸪྾ᘧࣄ࣮ࢺ࣏ࣥࣉࡼࡾప ⇕ࢆᅇࡋ෭⇕ࢆᚓࡿ⨨ࡢ㧗ᛶ⬟ࢆ┠
ᣦࡋ㸪྾ᾮ㐣㣬ᚤ⣽⤖ᬗࢫ࣮ࣛࣜࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ᪉ᘧࢆᥦࡋ㸪௨ୗࡢ⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓ㸬
LiBr⃰ᗘ63.4 %㸪྾╔ศᩓ⃰ᗘ5.56 %㸪 ᗘ25 °Cࡢ㐣㣬ᚤ⣽⤖ᬗࢫ࣮ࣛࣜࡢ
⤖ᬗ⢏ᗘࡣ10ࠥ200 m㸪࣓ࢪࣥᚄࡣ57.0 m࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬
㐣㣬ᚤ⣽⤖ᬗࢫ࣮ࣛࣜࡢ⢓ᗘࡣ㸪LiBr⃰ᗘ63.4 %㸪྾╔ศᩓ⃰ᗘ5.56 %ࡢ⁐ᾮ
ࢆ ᗘไᚚࡍࡿࡇ࡛⤖ᬗ㔞ࢆኚࡉࡏࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪⤖ᬗ㔞ࡀቑຍࡍࡿࡘࢀ⢓ᗘࡶቑ ຍࡍࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ᮏᐇ㦂⠊ᅖ࡛᭱⢓ᗘࡣ1.67×10-2 Pa·s࡛࠶ࡾ㸪༑ศ࡞ὶືᛶࢆ᭷ࡍ
ࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽࡉࢀࡓ㸬
ᾮ⭷ఏ⇕ᐇ㦂ࡼࡾ㸪྾ᾮ୰ࡢ྾╔㸦ࢮ࢜ࣛࢺHSZ-320NAA㸧ࡀ⥲ᣓ⇕ఏ㐩ಀ
ᩘ࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡣᑠࡉ࠸㸬ࡲࡓ㸪྾ᾮὶ㔞ࡢቑຍᚑ࠸⥲ᣓ⇕ఏ㐩ಀᩘࡣቑຍࡍࡿ㸬 ᾮ⭷ఏ⇕ᐇ㦂ẚ㍑ࡋ㸪ᮏゎᯒࣔࢹࣝࡣ3 %௨ෆࡢ⢭ᗘ࡛ጇᙜᛶࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ㸬 ゎᯒࣔࢹࣝࡼࡾỈẼ྾⬟ຊྥୖຠᯝࡘ࠸࡚ゎᯒࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪྾ᾮ༢⊂ẚ
㍑ࡋ྾╔ศᩓ྾ᾮࡣ20 %㸪㐣㣬ᚤ⣽⤖ᬗࢫ࣮ࣛࣜࡣ100 %ቑຍࡍࡿྥୖຠᯝ ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓ㸬
➨㸴❶࡛ࡣ㸪ࢮ࢜ࣛࢺࡢᚤ⢊ᮎࢆ⁐ᾮ୰ᠱ⃮ࡉࡏࡓሙྜ㸪LiBr⤖ᬗᚤ⢏Ꮚࢫࣛࣜ
࣮ࡣ⁐ᾮ୰㐣㣬≧ែ࡛ᙧᡂࡋࡓ㸬⮯ࣜࢳ࣒࢘Ỉ⣔$+3ࡢࢫ࣮ࣛࣜࡢ㐺⏝ࡣ㸪ᛶ
⬟ࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿᡭẁࡋ࡚ᥦࡋ㸪ࢫ࣮ࣛࣜ⢏ᗘศᕸẼ྾ᛶ⬟ࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓ㸬
⢏ᗘศᕸࡣ㸪/L%U⤖ᬗࡢ㉁㔞ศ⋡ࡢቑຍࡲࡓࡣࢮ࢜ࣛࢺࡢ㉁㔞ศ⋡ࡢῶᑡࡼࡾ
ࡁ࡞┤ᚄ⛣⾜ࡍࡿഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬
࣓ࢪࣥᚄࡣ㸪ࢫ࣮ࣛࣜ୰ᠱ⃮ࡍࡿࢮ࢜ࣛࢺᑐࡍࡿ⤖ᬗࡢ㉁㔞ẚ┤⥺ⓗ
┦㛵ࡋࡓ㸬┦㛵㛵ಀࡽࡢࡎࢀࡣ㸪1.4 kg-crystal/kg-zeoliteࡼࡾࡶࡁ࡞ẚ⋡࡛⏕
ࡌ㸪ࢧࢬ ᐃࡣⴭࡋ࠸⤖ᬗᡂ㛗ࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ2 kg-crystal/kg-zeoliteࢆ㉺࠼ࡿẚ⋡࡛
ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬
ࢫ࣮ࣛࣜࡣ㸪Ẽ྾ࡢࣛ࣎ヨ㦂࡛ᆒ୍࡞⁐ᾮẚ㍑ࡋ࡚㸪᭱ࣆ࣮ࢡ ᗘࢆ♧ࡋ ࡓ㸬
ࢫ࣮ࣛࣜࡢ྾㏿ᗘࡣ㸪Ẽࡢ྾ࡢ⤖ᬗࡢ⁐ゎࡼࡿ/L%Uࡢᕼ㔘ࡢᢚไຠᯝ
ࡼࡾ0.6 kg-LiBr/kg-solutionࡢ⃰ᗘࡢᆒ㉁⁐ᾮẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ࡰಸಁ㐍ࡋࡓ㸬
௨ୖࡢ⤖ᯝࡼࡾ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ✵Ẽ⏕ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣᐇ⏝ࡋ࠺ࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬ࡲ
ࡓ㸪LiBr⤖ᬗᚤ⢏Ꮚࢫ࣮ࣛࣜࡢඃࢀࡓ྾ᛶ⬟ࢆ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓ㸬
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125
ᅗ
ᅗ⾲୍ぴ
Fig. 1-1 Fig. 1-2 Fig. 2-1 Fig. 2-2 Fig. 2-3 Fig.2-4 Fig.2-5 Fig.2-6 Fig.2-7 Fig.2-8 Fig.2-9
Fig.2-10 Fig.2-11 Fig.2-12
Fig.2-13 Fig.2-14 Fig.2-15 Fig.2-16 Fig.2-17 Fig.3-1 Fig.3-2 Fig.3-3 Fig.3-4 Fig.3-5 Fig.3-6 Fig.3-7 Fig. 3-8
Schematic of system flow of bench-scale experiment Pictures of supersaturated crystal
Cycle flow of experimental apparatus Experimental apparatus
Heat transfer tubes of equipment Structure of upper of equipment
Extraction method of absorbent solution from solution transfer pipe Changes of temperatures in AHP system with time
Düehring plot for cycle solution
Effect of Reynolds number of air on overall heat transfer coefficient in absorber Effect of film Reynolds number of absorbent solution on overall heat transfer coefficient and convective heat transfer coefficient in absorber
Effect of Reynolds number on EER and COP Changes of temperatures in AHP system with time
Relationship of absorption solution concentration in evaporator, vapor temperature, degree of boiling point elevation
Measurement points of water vapor temperature of evaporator and absorber Demister mounting situation
Structure of vapor introduction plate in the upper part of absorber Start-up flow chart
Operation data of Start-up
Cycle flow of experimental apparatus Structure of upper of equipment
Experimental apparatus for low-pressure steam generation Changes of temperature in AHP system with time
Düehring plot for cycle solution
Effect of low-pressure steam temperature for heat balance in absorber Effect of low-pressure steam temperature for heat balance in regenerator Effect of generated steam temperature on EER and COP (air flow rate: 0.25 kg/s)
126
Fig. 3-9
Fig.4-1(a) Fig.4-1(b) Fig.4-2 Fig.4-3 Fig.4-4 Fig.4-5 Fig.4-6(a)
Fig.4-6(b)
Fig.4-7(a) Fig.4-7(b)
Fig.4-7(c)
Fig.4-8(a) Fig.4-8(b) Fig.4-8(c) Fig.4-9(a) Fig.4-9(b) Fig.4-9(c) Fig.4-10(a) Fig.4-10(b) Fig.4-10(c) Fig.4-10(d)
Fig.4-11 Fig.4-12 Fig.4-13
Effect of generated steam temperature on overall heat transfer coefficient in evaporator 2
Experimental apparatus
Schematic diagram of experimental apparatus Thermocouple installation position
Structure of upper of equipment
Schematic diagram of structure of evaporator Schematic diagram of lower reservoir
Schematic diagram of liquid film temperature distribution on inlet of heat transfer tube (vapor temp. 60°C)
Schematic diagram of liquid film temperature distribution on inlet of heat transfer tube (vapor temp. 20°C)
Temperature distribution map in whole spiral tube (vapor temp. 60°C) Temperature distribution map on upper of spiral tube
(vapor temp. 60°C)
Temperature distribution map of lower part of spiral tube (vapor temp. 60°C)
Temperature distribution map in whole smooth tube (vapor temp. 60°C) Temperature distribution map on upper of smooth tube (vapor temp. 60°C) Temperature distribution map of lower part of smooth tube (vapor temp. 60°C) Temperature distribution map in whole spiral tube (vapor temp. 20°C)
Temperature distribution map on upper of spiral tube (vapor temp. 20°C)㸧 Temperature distribution map of lower part of spiral tube (vapor temp. 20°C) Temperature distribution map in whole smooth tube (vapor temp. 20°C) Temperature distribution map on upper of smooth tube (vapor temp. 20°C) Temperature distribution map of lower part of smooth tube (vapor temp. 20°C) Temperature distribution map on upper part expansion of smooth tube (vapor temp. 20°C)
Changes of each part temperature and differential pressure with time (example) Measurement point of temperature and differential pressure
Flow chart of the calculation algorithm
127
Fig.4-14 Fig.4-15 Fig.4-16
Fig.4-17
Fig.4-18
Fig.4-19
Fig.4-20
Fig.4-21
Fig.4-22
Fig.4-23
Fig.4-24 Fig.4-25
Fig. 5-1 Fig.5-2 Fig. 5-3 Fig. 5-4 Fig. 5-5 Fig. 5-6 Fig. 5-7 Fig. 5-8 Fig. 5-9 Fig.6-1
Schematic diagram of heat transfer model on steam absorption in absorber Schematic diagram of heat and mass transfer model in absorber
Relationship of solution film convective heat transfer coefficient and Reynolds number (vapor temp. 20°C)
Relationship of solution film convective heat transfer coefficient and Reynolds number (vapor temp. 60°C)
Relationship of gas-side mass transfer coefficient and Reynolds number (vapor temp. 20°C)
Relationship of gas-side mass transfer coefficient and Reynolds number (vapor temp. 60°C)
Relationship of solution-side mass transfer coefficient and Reynolds number (vapor temp. 20°C)
Relationship of solution-side mass transfer coefficient and Reynolds number (vapor temp. 60°C)
Relationship of concentration difference and Reynolds number (vapor temp.
20°C)
Relationship of concentration difference and Reynolds number (vapor temp.
60°C㸧
Relationship of Nusselt number and Reynolds number (Spiral tube) Relationship of Nusselt number, Prandtl number and Reynolds number (Spiral tube)
Pictures of supersaturated crystal Heat-transfer device of liquid film Outline of analysis model in absorber
Particle size distribution of supersaturated fine particle crystal Viscosity of LiBr slurry solution against crystal concentration Relation between heat transfer coefficient and flow rate LiBr conc. and temperature profiles
Relative error of the measured value and analysis LiBr conc. and water absorption profiles
Düehring plot for cycle solution in the slurry on heating mode in AHP
128
Fig. 6-2 Fig. 6-3 Fig. 6-4 Fig. 6-5 Fig. 6-6 Fig. 6-7 Fig. 6-8
Table 2.1 Table 2-2 Table 2-3
Table 2-4 Table 2-5
Table 2-6 Table 2-7 Table 2-8 Table 3-1
Table 3-2 Table 5-1 Table 6-1 Table 6-2 Table 6-3
Experimental setup for absorption performance test of slurry Particle size distribution of LiBr crystal in the slurry and zeolite Particle size distributions for a constant ratio of LiBr crystal to zeolite Correlation of median size against the ratio of the crystal and zeolite Transient temperature behavior of solution or slurry in absorber Vapor absorption performance into the slurry or solutions
Effect of the slurry and the solutions on average vapor absorption rate during the first 3 minutes
Dimensions and shape of tubes in equipment
Measurement value at the inlet and outlet of each device in Fig.2-6 (a) Equations for heat transfer rate, mass balance and effective temperature difference
Relationship between Nc’ and㹖㸦Re>2000㸧
Measurement value at the inlet and outlet of each device, COP and EER in AHP system
Study conditions of separation efficiency Specification of demister
Effect of clearance of vapor introduction plate and heat transfer tube Equations for heat transfer rate, mass balance and effective temperature difference
Dimensions and shape of tubes in equipment Analysis conditions
Slurry samples prepared.
Experimental conditions for absorption performance examination of the samples Average absorption rate of vapor for the first 3 minutes
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