一36一

︐ゆ

6400000 00 0 0 000 0 0．．

○ ○○ ○○○○○ ○0

6300000 00 0 0 000 0 0 0 00 00000

00 間6200000 00 0 0 000 0 0 0 00 00000 00

6100000 000 0 000

0 0 0

00 00000

00 期6・OoOOOOOO O OOOOO O OOOOOOOOO

担甜○○○○○○○○ ○ ○○○○ ○ ○○ ○○○○○ ○0

5800000 000

0 0 00 0 0 00 00000

00 分57000000 00 0 0 000 0 0 0 0 00000 00

︵

560 0000 00

0 0 000 0 0

00 0000

00 550 0000 00 0 0 000 0 0 00 00000 0

地方研究員（準備段階一1955・56年度一のみの関係者7名を含む）

（担当地域）（氏名）（番号）

01 O2 O3 O4 O5 O6 S8 O7 O8 T9 O9 T3 T4

@105511121352 145715491458154916 1717181920 2122

郎喜雄年一蔵信雄雄一宏信夫雄雄人男勇眼裏野田彦珊珊昭雄郎純郎郎盛盛茂夫吉里雄三三百融鎮忠七七一太三清隆隆茂石誼福正資信良正信和資敬正忠利亮善芳美達直良保義義隼栄千五＋谷垣島松籠藤条藤藤野佐幕島藤野久原岩藤藤野藤瀬藤野持田井井藤水木開月曹長石此小堀加北後佐菅須三田手金多上大江大加平斎日加馬斎日剣大岩岩佐清青野寺望

道

海

北

森手脚田形川

州岩宮秋山

福

茨城

木馬玉葉

栃群埼千

京

東

川潟山川井梨野阜岡

奈神新凹石福山長岐静

舎︐ や

（分担期間）

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 名）（番号）

（担当地域）

（氏

○ ○ ○ ○ ○○○○○○ ○○○ ○○○○○○○ ○○○○○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○○○○○○○ ○ ○ ○○○ ○ ○○○○○ ○ ○ ○○ ○ ○○○○○ ○ ○ ○○ ○ ○○○○○○ ○ ○ ○○ ○ ○○○○○○ ○ ○ ○○ ○ ○○○○○○ ○○○ ○ ○ ○○○○○○

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○○○○○○

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○○○○○○ ○○ ○○○○○○○ ○○○○○ ○ ○○ ○○○○○○○ ○○○○○○ ○○ ○○○○○○○ ○○○○○○ ○○ ○○○○○○○ ○○○○○ ○○ ○○○○○○○○ ○○○○○ ○○ ○○○○○○○○ ○○○○○ ○○ ○○○○○○○○ ○○○○ ○○○ ○○○○○○○ ○○○○ ○○○ ○○○○○○○ ○○○○

23 Q4 S7 T6

@5025602629272829303132313334 353637383940414241434445465161

良也治夫信孝城雄基臨書実輔民一惇重惇郎夫保陽雄秋世俊助男宏男次一実二善善

真真政之

治

浅文泰正重頼孝守正寛正達要茂寿直三邦

一

一英

大田田荘戸三戸吉辺波志島志本根村田田浦谷谷村藤宮田宮内明岡三石山居厚田野山井村宗間

野山堀杉慶目算高遠前西和岡西村広岡平虫村渡阿宮近杉土都小西小秋糸岩上仲外

知

重

愛

三

賀都阪庫良山﹇取根山島口島川媛知甲賀崎本分藍島縄

歌

児

滋京大兵糧和鳥島岡広山徳香甲高福佐長熊大宮鹿沖

地方言語研究室研究補助員＊

白沢宏枝＊＊

＊別に，1956年3月まで渡辺泰，

が在職した。

＊＊1957年4月から。

1956年9月まで山下道代，

1956年9月から1957年3月まで石塚房江

38一一

INTRODUCTION

1. Aim of the survey ..

t .t

2. Method of the survey 3. The Questionnaire ..

4. Localities ...

.5. Informants ...

6. Dialect Material and 7. History ...

1. AIM OF THE SURVEY

The Linguistic Atlas of Japan uses the

geographical method and aims to clarify, as far as a limited questionnaire will allow, the two following problems:

(1) The formation of the modern Japa‑

nese standard language.

When the ancient city of Edo, at the end

of the 19th century, became the capital of a

modern state under the name of T6ky6, its language became the core of the modem Japa‑

nese standard language. As a further evolu‑

tion, in the first decades of the 20th century,

the spoken language of T6ky6 was taken as the base of the modern written language. It

is, however, not clear yet to what extent the dialect of the Kant6 region (the region sur‑

rounding T6ky6) furnished the basic linguistic material of the standard language, or to what extent elements of other dialects were incorpo‑

rated in the process. The geographical range of the modern standard language, has yet to be defined exactly and its relationship with the surrounding dialects is unclear.

(2) thedialectaldifferencesinJapanand

their history.

The shaping of the different varieties of

dialects in Japan and their evolution needs

description. One would like to know, for in‑

..."...H...39

.. " ... " .. 39 ... " ... 39

.."..." 41

... 42 CIassification ... 43 ... 45

stance, the range and the influence exerted by the language of 6saka, as the economic center of western Japan. The birth, the rise and the

decline of many dialects have yet to be de‑

scribed.

2. THE METHOD OF THE SURVEY

The Linguistic Atlas of Japan is entirely based on personal interviews; 65 fieldworkers visited personally their alloted area, choose a suitable informant, and using a 285 item ques‑

tionnaire (when necessary also 88 pictures), asked questions following a determined phra‑

seology. As a rule, only one informant was

chosen for each of the 2400 localities covered by the survey.

The aim of the survey was to record the personal speech used by the informant in familiar and daily surroundings. In some cases, the answer could be a dialectal form identical with the standard form. Note was

also taken of the dialectal forrns which were declared to be no longer in use, to be limited to special circumstances, to be archaic or to be recent innovations. In every case, care was

taken to note the exact pronunciation. The

following signs were used to show the reactions of the informant to the questioning:

1 : answers laughing ? : shows some doubt : : shows some shame # : after some pause

* : corrects himself

3. THE QUESTIONNAIRE

3.1. Types of questions

(1) AII the questions were written be‑

forehand, and the fieldworkers were instructed‑‑･

to avoid all modificztions in the phraseology.

Pictures and gestures were to be used as

prescribed. This was to assure the necessary uniformity in the responses, in spite of the great number of fieldworkers, 65 in all.

Each question was supposed to elicit one single word or expression, as for instance:

question 70 : when you are tickled on the sole of the foot or under the armpit,

you have to Iaugh; what do you

. saytoexpressthisfeeling?

question 71 : when you fold your feet under ' yourselfwhensitting,likethis

' (showingapicture),whatdo

.･. .yousayyouaredoing? .

During the questioning, no suggestions

were allowed of the standard language answ.er or of the dialect forms. Our survey could not use the translation technique for two reasons:

first, as a result of the Japanese educational system, most speakers are bilingual, using the standard language or their dialect according tQ the situation; second, the standard language and a dialect may have the same linguistic form, with a different semantic range; for instance, aza (birthmark) and hokuro (mole) are called by identical names in some districts, while in others birthmark is hoyake and mole is called

aza. It would never do in this case tQ ask

simply for "the local name for aza".

(2) TheS‑questions. Besides thenormal

questions described above, some other form of questioning was chosen to investigate semantic problems. In the case of 43 items, ･marked in

the questionnaire with the letter S (=se‑

mantic), the fieldworker furnished a Iinguistic

form and asked the informant to give its meaning. Here two different kinds can be 4e

. ./.gi.s.gip"guished, as is made clear by the following

examples:

que.stlgp 141 S : when one.says "the niwa of ..,,.,.,,,.,tbe house", which part is meant? .

(Thifi 'tYpe gl'question furnishes the word and

asksforits,mg4ping･) ..‑

question 142 S : speaking of the doma, name‑

ly the unfloored part of the hguse, do you use the word nzwa ?

(This type of question furnishes the meaning, and asks whether a given word is used.)

･ (3) A third type of question is the one presenting a choice to the informant. This was done to ascertain the 'range of some standard language expressions. These ques‑

tions, five in all, have a C (=choice) attached.

Hereis'anexample:･' .･ ,'

question 253 C : when you･eat something that

･ pleasesyou,doyou･say

･･･.･'' ･ "oisii", or ̀̀umai", or do you

･. ･./'useanotherword?

(;oisii'is'the･standardfor"tasty".) , 1' (4) Finallyacertainnumberofquestions

w'ere meant td ascertain some phonetic charac‑

teristicsL The question was put in the s･ame way 'as in. the' first type above, 'but as lexical uni‑

fotmity was known to exist, .the aim was the

phonetic aspects of the answer. As an

example:'' ,' ..

question. 260 ･: this part of the body (showin.cr

'''' thewholeback)iscalled....?

(The word for back is senaha, with different degrees of palatalization of the initial s‑).

3.2. Surveys done in common

'･ To' assure a greater uniformity in the

questioning, one of the members of the direct‑

ing dialect bureau from T6ky6, accompanied

tlie. Iocal･ fieldworkers during the s'u'rvey of one or more of the assigned localities. The tech‑

nique of selecting an informant and the

method of questioning was then demonstrated.

As a result no less tban 221 localities were surveyed by Qne.of the directors. Since these

ドキュメント内日本言語地図第1集 : 付録A 日本言語地図解説 : 方法 (ページ 40-45)