1ȽɍɈ©Ȼɟɥɨɪɭɫɫɤɚɹɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɚɹɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹɩɨɫɥɟɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹª
2Ƚɍ©Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɣɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɰɟɧɬɪ©Ɇɚɬɶɢ ɞɢɬɹª ɝɆɢɧɫɤɊɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚȻɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ
Ɋɟɡɸɦɟɂɡɭɱɟɧɵɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɬɟɱɟɧɢɹɢɢɫɯɨɞɵɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɩɪɢɦɨɧɨɯɨ ɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ Ɇɏ ɞɜɨɣɧɟɣ ɭ ɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɎɎɌɋɢɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢɫɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɨɣɜɧɭɬɪɢɭɬɪɨɛɧɨɝɨɪɨɫɬɚɨɞ ɧɨɝɨɢɡɩɥɨɞɨɜɩɪɢɦɨɧɨɯɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɞɜɨɣɧɟɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣɦɟɬɨɞɜɟ ɞɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɧɨɯɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɜɨɣɧɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɪɚɧɧɸɸ ɩɪɟɧɚ ɬɚɥɶɧɭɸɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɭɢɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɸɮɟɬɨ-ɮɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɬɪɚɧɫɮɭɡɢɨɧɧɨɝɨɫɢɧɞɪɨɦɚ ɱɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɩɟɪɢɧɚɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɫɦɟɪɬɧɨɫɬɢ Ɉɛ ɥɚɫɬɶɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɚɤɭɲɟɪɫɬɜɨɩɟɪɢɧɚɬɚɥɶɧɚɹɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɚ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɦɨɧɨɯɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɜɨɣɧɹ ɮɟɬɨ-ɮɟɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɭɡɢɨɧ ɧɵɣɫɢɧɞɪɨɦɮɟɬɨɫɤɨɩɱɟɫɤɚɹɥɚɡɟɪɧɚɹɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɰɢɹɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɵɯɚɧɚɫɬɨɦɨɡɨɜ
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɦɧɨɝɨɩɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɆȻ ɡɚ ɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹɜɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɱɢɫɥɟɨɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɢɣɜɚɧɬɟɧɚɬɚɥɶɧɨɦɩɟɪɢɨɞɟɜɵɫɨɤɨɦ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɟɫɟ ɤɟɫɚɪɟɜɵɯ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɟɪɢɧɚɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɦɟɪɬɧɨɫɬɢɆȻɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ–ɢɡɨɛɳɟɝɨɱɢɫɥɚɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣɢɩɪɨɞɨɥ ɠɚɸɬɨɫɬɚɜɚɬɶɫɹɝɪɭɩɩɨɣɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨɪɢɫɤɚɩɟɪɢɧɚɬɚɥɶɧɵɯɨɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɢɣȾɚɠɟɩɪɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɵ ɩɟɪɢɧɚɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɦɟɪɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɜɨɣɧɟɣɜɪɚɡɜɵɲɟɱɟɦɩɪɢɨɞɧɨɩɥɨɞɧɨɣ>@
Ɇɨɧɨɯɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɚɹɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɦɨɠɟɬɨɫɥɨɠɧɹɬɶɫɹɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɨɣɜɧɭɬɪɢɭɬɪɨɛ ɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɁȼɍɊ ɩɥɨɞɨɜ ɜɪɨɠɞɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɪɨɤɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ȼɉɊ ɮɟɬɨ-ɮɟɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɬɪɚɧɫɮɭɡɢɨɧɧɵɦɫɢɧɞɪɨɦɨɦɎɎɌɋɜɧɭɬɪɢɭɬɪɨɛɧɨɣɝɢɛɟɥɶɸɨɞɧɨ ɝɨɢɥɢɨɛɨɢɯɩɥɨɞɨɜɢɫɢɧɞɪɨɦɨɦɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣɚɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɟɪɮɭɡɢɢɋɈȺɉɧɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɜɲɟɣɫɹɞɜɨɣɧɟɣ>@ɁȼɍɊɨɞɧɨɝɨɢɥɢɨɛɨɢɯɩɥɨɞɨɜɩɪɢɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡ ɱɚɳɟ ɱɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɨɞɧɨɩɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɧɨɯɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ Ɇɏ ɢ ɛɢɯɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ Ȼɏ ɞɜɨɣɧɹɯ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɎɎɌɋ ɨɫɥɨɠɧɹɟɬ – Ɇɏ ɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɚ ɩɟɪɢɧɚɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɦɟɪɬɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɢɎɎɌɋɦɨɠɟɬɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɬɶ–100% [1,6, 11–13].
Ɉɞɧɢɦɢɡɫɚɦɵɯɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɯɨɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɢɣɩɪɢɦɧɨɝɨɩɥɨɞɢɢɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɭɬɪɨɛɧɚɹɝɢɛɟɥɶɨɞɧɨɝɨɢɡɩɥɨɞɨɜɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɨɢɡɨɣɬɢɜɥɸɛɨɦɫɪɨɤɟɝɟɫ ɬɚɰɢɢɑɚɳɟɜɫɟɝɨɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹɨɬɦɢɪɚɧɢɟɨɞɧɨɝɨɩɥɨɞɧɨɝɨɹɣɰɚɜ,ɬɪɢ ɦɟɫɬɪɟȼɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɜɧɭɬɪɢɭɬɪɨɛɧɨɣɝɢɛɟɥɢɨɞɧɨɝɨɢɡɩɥɨɞɨɜɩɪɢɞɜɨɣɧɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɩɪɢɨɞɧɨɩɥɨɞɧɨɣɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ—ɧɚɪɚɧɧɢɯɫɪɨɤɚɯɝɟɫɬɚ ɰɢɢ>@ɋɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦɫɪɨɤɚɝɟɫɬɚɰɢɢɷɬɚɰɢɮɪɚɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɢɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɥɹɟɬɩɪɢɞɜɨɣɧɟ>@
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ ɝɢɛɟɥɢ ɩɥɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɢ Ɇɏ ɩɥɚɰɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɎɎɌɋɚɩɪɢȻɏ—ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɚɪɨɫɬɚɩɥɨɞɚɩɥɨɞɨɜɢɨɛɨɥɨɱɟɱɧɨɟɩɪɢɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɭɩɨɜɢɧɵ 0XUSK\ Ʉ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɚɤɢɯ-ɥɢɛɨ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣɞɥɹɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɩɥɨɞɚɩɪɢɝɢɛɟɥɢɨɞɧɨɝɨɢɡɛɥɢɡɧɟɰɨɜɜ,ɬɪɢɦɟ ɫɬɪɟɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ>@ɉɨɞɚɧɧɵɦ6HELUH1ɢɫɨɚɜɬɨɪɨɜɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɪɚɧɧɟɣɝɢɛɟɥɢɨɞɧɨɝɨɢɡɩɥɨɞɨɜɩɨɝɢɛɚɟɬɢɜɬɨɪɨɣɢɥɢɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɜɵɤɢ
102
ɞɵɲ>@ɍɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯɞɜɨɣɧɟɣɜ,,,ɬɪɢɦɟɫɬɪɟ ɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɩɪɢɝɢɛɟɥɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨɢɡɩɥɨɞɨɜɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹɩɪɟɪɵɜɚɧɢɟɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɧɟɞɟɥɶ
ɉɨɢɫɤɧɨɜɵɯɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯɦɟɬɨɞɨɜɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢɢɥɟɱɟɧɢɹɨɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɢɣɆɏ ɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɵ ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɭɬɪɨɛɧɨɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɩɥɨɞɨɜɫɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦɧɨɜɵɯɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɩɥɨɞɨɜ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɢɣ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɪɨɞɨɜ ɩɟɪɢɧɚɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ Ɋɚɧɧɹɹ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ ɨɫ ɥɨɠɧɟɧɢɣɩɪɢɆɏɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɸɢ ɫɧɢɠɚɬɶɪɢɫɤɩɟɪɢɧɚɬɚɥɶɧɵɯɨɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɢɣ
ɐɟɥɶɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɢ ɜɧɟɞɪɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɧɨɯɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɜɨɣɧɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɭɬɪɨɛɧɨɣɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢɨɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɢɣɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣɧɚɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɩɟɪɢɧɚɬɚɥɶ ɧɨɣɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢɢɫɦɟɪɬɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɂɫɯɨɞɵ ɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɪɨɞɨɜ ɛɵɥɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɵɭɠɟɧɳɢɧɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯɆɏɞɜɨɣɧɟɣɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɢɪɨɞɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɜ Ƚɍ ©Ɋɇɉɐ ©Ɇɚɬɶ ɢ ɞɢɬɹª ɜ –2015 ɝɨɞɚɯ
ȼɫɟɦ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɤɚɦ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɥɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɮɟɬɨɩɥɚɰɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɫ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɣ ɞɨɩɩɥɟɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɟɣ ɧɚ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɟ 0HGLVRQ$FFXYL[9ɉɪɢɤɚɠɞɨɦɍɁɂɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɥɢɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɩɥɚɰɟɧɬɵɯɨɪɢɚɥɶ ɧɨɫɬɶɬɨɥɳɢɧɭɬɢɩɫɨɡɪɟɜɚɧɢɹɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟɫɪɨɤɭɝɟɫɬɚɰɢɢɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɚɦɧɢɨɬɢ ɱɟɫɤɨɣɩɟɪɟɝɨɪɨɞɤɢɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢɬɨɥɳɢɧɭɩɭɩɨɜɢɧɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɚɤɟɬ ɚɦɧɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɦɨɱɟɜɵɯ ɩɭɡɵɪɟɣ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɩɥɨɞɨɜ Ɇɏ ɞɜɨɣɧɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɷɯɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦ ɟɞɢ ɧɚɹ ɩɥɚɰɟɧɬɚ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɵɣ ɩɨɥ ɩɥɨɞɨɜ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ©ɥɹɦɛɞɚ-ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚª ɬɨɧɤɚɹ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɚɦɟɧɟɟɦɦ
ɈɰɟɧɤɭɬɹɠɟɫɬɢɎɎɌɋɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɥɢɩɨɍɁ-ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɤɥɚɫ ɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɟɣ54XLQWHUR>@ɉɪɢɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɎɎɌɋɛɵɥɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɮɟɬɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɥɚɡɟɪɧɚɹ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɚɧɚɫɬɨɦɨ ɡɨɜ ɩɥɚɰɟɧɬɵ ɮɟɬɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɥɚɡɟɪɧɚɹ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɩɭɩɨɜɢɧɵ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɨɞɚ ɫ ȼɉɊɢɡɆɏɞɜɨɣɧɢɢɥɢɭɩɥɨɞɚ-©ɩɚɪɚɡɢɬɚªɩɪɢɫɢɧɞɪɨɦɟɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣɚɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶ ɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɮɭɡɢɢ ɚɦɧɢɨɞɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɦɧɢɨɪɟɞɭɤɰɢɹ ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɤ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɮɟɬɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɥɚɡɟɪɧɨɣɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɰɢɢɩɥɚɰɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɯɚɧɚɫɬɨɦɨɡɨɜɹɜɥɹɥɫɹɎɎɌɋ I–,9ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɉɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɦɢɤɮɟɬɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɥɚɡɟɪɧɨɣɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɰɢɢɩɥɚ ɰɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɯɚɧɚɫɬɨɦɨɡɨɜɛɵɥɢɫɪɨɤɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɞɨɧɟɞɟɥɶɢɥɢɛɨɥɟɟɧɟ ɞɟɥɶ ȼɉɊ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɩɥɨɞɨɜ ɩɨɞɨɡɪɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɯɨɪɢɨɚɦɧɢɨɧɢɬɚ ɢɥɢ ȼɍɂ ɭɝɪɨɡɚ ɩɪɟɪɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɠɞɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɡɥɢɬɢɟ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɩɥɨɞɧɵɯɜɨɞɨɬɫɥɨɣɤɚɢɥɢɩɪɟɞɥɟɠɚɧɢɟɩɥɚɰɟɧɬɵɨɫɬɪɵɟɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɡɚɛɨ ɥɟɜɚɧɢɹɢɬɹɠɟɥɚɹɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɟɧɢɬɚɥɶɧɚɹɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɹɭɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɮɟɬɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɚɡɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɩɥɚɰɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɚɧɚ ɫɬɨɦɨɡɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɮɟɬɨɫɤɨɩ ɫ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɨɦ ɬɭɛɭɫɨɜ ɢ ɨɩɬɢɤɢ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɡɜɭɤɨ ɜɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɯɢɪɭɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɥɚɡɟɪɧɵɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɫ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɵ ɦɤɦ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ – ȼɬ ɧɚɛɨɪɨɦɫɜɟɬɨɜɨɞɨɜɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦɦɤɦ
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɪɨɞɨɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɨ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢ ɝɢɫɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟ ɫɤɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜ Ⱦɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɚɬɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜ ɛɵɥɢɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɵɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɩɥɨɳɚɞɢɩɥɚɰɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɣɬɤɚɧɢɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɣ
103
ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭɢɡɩɥɨɞɨɜɩɪɢɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟɢɬɨɥɳɢɧɚɩɭɩɨɜɢɧɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɫɨɫɭɞɨɜɜɩɭ ɩɨɜɢɧɚɯ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɩɥɨɞɨɜ ɚɦɧɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɪɨɞɤɚ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɥɢɫɬɤɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɝɨ ɪɨɞɤɢ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɵɟ ɚɧɚɫɬɨɦɨɡɵ ɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɜɢɞ Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɭɞɢ ɫɬɵɯ ɚɧɚɫɬɨɦɨɡɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɧɚɥɢɜɤɭ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɩɭɩɨɜɢɧ ɤɪɚɫɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɫɢɧɢɦ ɝɟ ɦɚɬɨɤɫɢɥɢɧɨɦɪɨɡɨɜɵɦ ɷɨɡɢɧɨɦɉɟɪɟɞ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɪɚɫɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɜɟɧɵ ɢ ɚɪ ɬɟɪɢɢɨɛɟɢɯɩɭɩɨɜɢɧɩɭɧɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɤɚɬɟɬɟɪɨɦɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ–*ɩɪɨɦɵɜɚɥɢɜɨ ɞɨɣɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɲɩɪɢɰɚɨɛɴɟɦɨɦɦɥɱɬɨɛɵɭɞɚɥɢɬɶɢɡɫɨɫɭɞɨɜɤɪɨɜɶȾɥɹɝɢɫ ɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɪɚɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɢɡ ɩɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɥɚɰɟɧɬɵ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɟɤ ɚɦɧɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɪɨɞɤɢ ɢ ɩɭɩɨɜɢɧ ɉɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɨɤɪɚɲɢɜɚɥɢ ɝɟɦɚɬɨɤɫɢɥɢɧɨɦ ɢ ɷɨɡɢɧɨɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɚ
«Olympus BX —ªəɩɨɧɢɹɫɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦȼɢɞɯɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɩɥɚ
ɰɟɧɬɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢɩɪɢɝɢɫɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢɚɦɧɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɟɪɟɝɨɪɨɞɨɤ ɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɥɢɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɢɥɢɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɤɥɟɬɨɤɬɪɨɮɨɛɥɚɫɬɚ
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɧɚɥɢɡɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯɞɚɧɧɵɯɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɤɨɦɩɶɸ ɬɟɪɧɨɝɨɩɚɤɟɬɚɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ67$7,67,&$ɜɟɪɫɢɹ
ɊɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟȽɪɭɩɩɭɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɢɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɤɢ ɫɆɏɞɜɨɣɧɟɣɫɎɎɌɋɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɜɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɵɮɟɬɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɨɩɟ ɪɚɰɢɢɝɪɭɩɩɚ—ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɨɤɫɎɎɌɋɛɟɡɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢɩɨɞɚɧɧɵɦɪɟɬɪɨɫɩɟɤ ɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɝɪɭɩɩɭɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ—ɆɏɞɜɨɣɧɢɛɟɡɎɎɌɋȼɨɡɪɚɫɬɛɟɪɟ ɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɥɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɨɬ ɞɨ ɥɟɬ ɍ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɛɟɪɟɦɟɧ ɧɨɫɬɶɆɏɞɜɨɣɧɟɣɧɚɫɬɭɩɢɥɚɫɩɨɧɬɚɧɧɨɛɟɡɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɪɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣɢɭɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɗɄɈɜɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɫɪɚɡɜɢ ɬɢɟɦɎɎɌɋ
ɉɪɢɚɧɚɥɢɡɟɬɟɱɟɧɢɹɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɭɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɨɤɫ Ɇɏ ɞɜɨɣɧɟɣ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɨɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɭɝɪɨɡɚ ɩɪɟɪɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɟɪɟ ɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɭ ɝɟɫɬɨɡ — ɜ ɮɟɬɨɩɥɚɰɟɧɬɚɪɧɚɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱ ɧɨɫɬɶ—ɜɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ
ȼ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɟɪɢɧɚɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɵ ɩɪɢ ɛɟɪɟ ɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ Ɇɏ ɞɜɨɣɧɟɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɥɨɞɨɜ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɎɎɌɋ ɛɵɥ ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ Ɇɏ ɞɜɨɟɧ ɫɢɧɞɪɨɦɚɧɟɦɢɢ-ɩɨɥɢɰɟɬɟɦɢɢɩɥɨɞɨɜ—ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɚɪɨɫɬɚɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɩɥɨɞɨɜ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɥɚɫɶ ɭ ɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɨɞɚɢɬɹɠɟɥɚɹɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɹɭɞɪɭɝɨɝɨɫɢɧɞɪɨɦɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣɚɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɟɪɮɭɡɢɢ
—ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɦɨɧɨɯɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɚɹɦɨɧɨɚɦɧɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɜɨɣɧɹ—ɜ ɜɪɨɠɞɟɧɧɵɟɩɨɪɨɤɢɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɭɨɞɧɨɝɨɢɡɩɥɨɞɨɜ— 4 (3,2%).
ȾɥɹɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜɎɎɌɋɛɵɥɨɜɵɩɨɥ ɧɟɧɨɍɁɂɜ-12, 14-ɢ-ɧɟɞɟɥɶɝɟɫɬɚɰɢɢɭɜɫɟɯɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɨɤɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɆɏɞɜɨɣɧɟɣɊɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯɩɨɫɪɨɤɚɦɝɟɫɬɚɰɢɢɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɪɚɡɜɢɥɫɹ ɎɎɌɋɜ,ɬɪɢɦɟɫɬɪɟɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɫɥɭɱɚɟɜɜɨ,,ɬɪɢɦɟɫɬɪɟ— ɫɥɭɱɚɹɜ,,,ɬɪɢɦɟɫɬɪɟɫɥɭɱɚɹɍɞɟɥɶɧɵɣɜɟɫɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɎɎɌɋ ɜɨ,,ɬɪɢɦɟɫɬɪɟɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɛɵɥɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɜɵɲɟɱɟɦɜ,ɢɜ,,,ɬɪɢɦɟɫɬɪɚɯ ɪ
ȼ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɬɪɢɦɟɫɬɪɟ ɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ Ɇɏ ɞɜɨɣɧɟ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɥɟ ɞɭɸɳɢɟɍɁɂɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɎɎɌɋɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟɜɨɪɨɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧ ɫɬɜɚɛɨɥɟɟɦɦɜ-ɧɟɞɟɥɶɝɟɫɬɚɰɢɢɛɵɥɨɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɨɜɫɥɭɱɚɹɯɜɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɢ ɭ ɜɫɟɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɥɚɫɶ ɬɹɠɟɥɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɎɎɌɋ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɄɌɊ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɩɥɨɞɨɜɞɨɦɦɢɛɨɥɟɟɜɫɪɨɤɚɯ–ɧɟɞɟɥɶɝɟɫɬɚɰɢɢɢɦɟɥɨɦɟɫɬɨɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɤ ɚɦɧɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɪɨɞɤɢ ɢɦɟɥɨ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜ
104
ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɚɦɧɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɪɨɞɤɢ ɜ ɫɪɨɤɚɯ ɝɟɫɬɚ ɰɢɢ–ɧɟɞɟɥɶɩɪɢɆɏɞɜɨɣɧɟɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚɜɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɦɦȼɨ,,ɬɪɢɦɟɫɬ ɪɟɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɆɏɞɜɨɣɧɟɣɩɪɢɷɯɨɫɤɨɩɢɢɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɩɪɢ ɡɧɚɤɢɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɎɎɌɋɆɏɩɥɚɰɟɧɬɚɬɨɧɤɚɹɚɦɧɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɩɟɪɟɝɨɪɨɞɤɚɢɧɚɥɢ ɱɢɟɫɤɥɚɞɨɤɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɵɞɨɧɟɞɟɥɶɜɢɡɭɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶɭɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɣ ɩɨɥ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɩɥɨɞɨɜ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ (100%); ɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɢɟ ɭ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɨɞɚ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɚɤɟɬ ɜɨɞ ɆȼɉɦɟɧɟɟɦɦɢɦɧɨɝɨɜɨɞɢɟɭɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɩɥɨɞɚɆȼɉɛɨɥɟɟɦɦɧɚɛɥɸɞɚ ɥɨɫɶɜɨɜɫɟɯɫɥɭɱɚɹɯɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɜɢɡɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɦɨɱɟɜɨɝɨɩɭɡɵɪɹɭɩɥɨɞɚɫ ɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɢɟɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɦɨɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɭɡɵɪɹɭɩɥɨɞɚ-ɪɟɰɢɩɢɟɧɬɚ—ɜɫɥɭɱɚɹɯɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɟɜɦɚɫɫɟɩɥɨɞɨɜɛɨ ɥɟɟɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɨɜɫɥɭɱɚɹɯɋɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɍɁ-ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɎɎɌɋɜ,ɢ,,ɬɪɢɦɟɫɬɪɚɯɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɚɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɡ ɜ ɚɧɬɟɧɚɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɟ ɭ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɨɤ ɜ ɫɪɨɤɚɯ 14–ɧɟɞɟɥɶɝɟɫɬɚɰɢɢ
ȾɥɹɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢɎɎɌɋɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟɦɟɬɨɞɵɮɟɬɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɥɚɡɟɪɧɭɸ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɰɢɸ ɩɥɚɰɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɚɧɚɫɬɨɦɨɡɨɜ ɎɅɄɉȺ ɢ ɚɦɧɢɨɞɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɚ ɧɢɟɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦɤɎɅɄɉȺɛɵɥɎɎɌɋ,-,9ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɎɅɄɉȺɛɵɥɚɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚɜ ɫɪɨɤɢɝɟɫɬɚɰɢɢɨɬɞɨɧɟɞɟɥɶ>@ɍɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɨɤɛɵɥɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɎɎɌɋ ,, ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɭ —,,, ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ—, ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɢ (7,1%) — ,9 ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɢ ɩɨ 4XQWHUR >@ ɂɫɯɨɞɵ ɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɤɨɪ ɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɎɎɌɋ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɥɢ ɩɨ ɝɟɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɪɨɤɭ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɫɫɟɩɥɨɞɨɜɩɪɢɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɢɢɢɯɜɵɠɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢɞɚɧɧɵɟɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵɜɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 1.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ—ɂɫɯɨɞɵɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɭɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɨɤɜɝɪɭɩɩɚɯɫɎɎɌɋ Ƚɪɭɩɩɵɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯɠɟɧɳɢɧ Ƚɪɭɩɩɚɩɨɫɥɟɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ
ɎɎɌɋɝɪɭɩɩɚ Ƚɪɭɩɩɚɛɟɡɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɎɎɌɋɝɪɭɩɩɚ
ɄɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨQ 42 18
ɋɬɟɩɟɧɶɫɢɧɞɪɨɦɚ0ɟ (25–75%)
3 (1–4) 3 (3–4)
ɋɪɨɤɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢɧɟɞɟɥɢ0ɟ (25–75%)
21 (17–24) –
ɋɪɨɤɩɪɨɥɨɧɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɨɬɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɞɨɪɨɞɨɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ 0ɟ–ɧɟɞɟɥɶ
14 (5–21) –
Ƚɟɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣɫɪɨɤɡɚɜɟɪɲɟ ɧɢɹɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ0ɟ (25–ɧɟɞɟɥɢ
34 (27–38) * 26 (22–31)
Ɇɚɫɫɚɩɥɨɞɨɜɩɪɢɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ 0ɟ–ɝ
2400 (600–3400) * 730,3 (250–1210)
ȼɵɠɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶɩɥɨɞɨɜ 85* 18
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ: * —ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɟɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹɦɟɠɞɭɝɪɭɩɩɨɣɢɝɪɭɩɩɨɣ ɪ.
ɋɪɟɞɧɢɣɫɪɨɤɪɨɞɨɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹɜɝɪɭɩɩɟɛɵɥɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɛɨɥɶɲɟɩɨɫɪɚɜɧɟ ɧɢɸɫɝɪɭɩɩɨɣɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɜɧɟɞɟɥɢɪɆɚɫɫɚɩɥɨɞɨɜɩɪɢɧɟɤɨɪɪɢɝɢɪɨ ɜɚɧɧɨɦɎɎɌɋɛɵɥɚɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɧɢɠɟɢɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚɜɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɝɜɬɨɜɪɟɦɹ
105
ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɪɪɢɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɎɎɌɋ— ɝ ɪ ȼɵɠɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɮɟɬɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɥɚɡɟɪɧɨɣɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢɎɎɌɋɛɵɥɚɜɪɚɡɚɜɵɲɟɩɨɫɪɚɜ ɧɟɧɢɸɫɝɪɭɩɩɨɣɛɟɡɥɟɱɟɧɢɹɪ
ȼɝɪɭɩɩɟɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɨɤɫɎɎɌɋɩɨɫɥɟɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢɜɫɥɭɱɚɹɯɧɚɛɥɸɞɚ ɥɢɫɶɫɚɦɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɚɧɢɟɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ–ɫɭɬɨɤɜɫɜɹɡɢɫ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɦɧɨɝɨɜɨɞɢɟɦ ɩɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɸ — ɧɟɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɛɟɪɟɦɟɧ ɧɨɫɬɶɢɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟɎɎɌɋɫɫɢɧɞɪɨɦɨɦȾɚɭɧɚɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɟɪɜɚɧɚ
ɉɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɭ ɦɥɚɞɟɧɰɟɜ ɫ ɎɎɌɋ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟɎɄɅɉȺɢɜɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɣɝɪɭɩɩɟɧɟɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹɨɬɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɨɣɧɨɪɦɵɄɪɨ ɦɟɬɨɝɨɭɩɪɨɥɟɱɟɧɧɵɯɦɟɬɨɞɨɦɎɅɄɉȺɛɥɢɡɧɟɰɨɜ-ɪɟɰɢɩɢɟɧɬɨɜɩɪɢɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɧɟ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɨɫɶ ɩɨɥɢɰɢɬɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɞɪɨɦɚ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɚɧɟɦɢɢ ɭ ɛɥɢɡɧɟɰɨɜ-ɞɨɧɨɪɨɜ ɉɪɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɭ ɦɥɚɞɟɧɰɟɜ-ɪɟɰɢɩɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɷɨɡɢɧɨɮɢɥɨɜ ɢ ɥɢɦɮɨɰɢɬɨɜ ɩɨɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸɫɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦȼɬɨɜɪɟɦɹɤɚɤɭɦɥɚɞɟɧɰɟɜ-ɞɨɧɨɪɨɜɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢɩɟ ɪɢɮɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɤɪɨɜɢɧɟɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹɨɬɬɚɤɨɜɵɯɜɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɣɝɪɭɩɩɟɬɚɛɥ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ—Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɤɪɨɜɢɭɧɨɜɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɧɵɯɞɟ ɬɟɣɫɎɎɌɋɢɜɝɪɭɩɩɟɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹɜɩɟɪɜɵɟɫɭɬɤɢɠɢɡɧɢ
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɉɥɨɞ-ɞɨɧɨɪɆP ɉɥɨɞ-ɪɟɰɢɩɢɟɧɬ ɆP
Ƚɪɭɩɩɚɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ Ɇɏ ɛɟɡɎɎɌɋ
M ± m ɗɪɢɬɪɨɰɢɬɵɥ 4,44 ± 0,63 4,42 ± 0,87 5,02 ± 0,70
+Eɝɥ 170 ± 25,4 161 ± 36,8 179 ± 21,5
+Wɝɥ 51,7 ± 8,61 49,1 ± 10,26 52,2 ± 7,29
Ɇɋ9ɧɦ 116,1 ± 5,82 110,8 ± 6,17 104,3 ± 6,57
Ʌɥ 14,6 ± 6,55 15,8 ± 5,28 16,2 ± 6,68
ɩɚɥɨɱɤɨɹɞɟɪɧɵɟ ɧɟɣɬɪɨɮɢɥɵ
5,5 ± 3,63 7,5 ± 4,33 4,4 ± 2,25
ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɨɹɞɟɪɧɵɟ
ɧɟɣɬɪɨɮɢɥɵ 30,4 ± 11,61 34,8 ± 7,72 34,3 ± 9,45 ɷɨɡɢɧɨɮɢɥɵ 1,8 ± 1,32 2,2 ± 1,27* 2,7 ± 1,19 ɥɢɦɮɨɰɢɬɵ 54,1 ± 16,34 46,2 ± 10,46* 50,8 ± 10,35 ɦɨɧɨɰɢɬɵ 5,2 ± 2,84 8,9 ± 4,22 4,4 ± 3,51
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ —ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɪɟɰɢɩɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɣɝɪɭɩɩɵɪ
ɇɟ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫ ɎɎɌɋ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɎɄɅɉȺɢɜɝɪɭɩɩɟɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹɜɩɟɪɜɵɟɱɚɫɵɠɢɡɧɢɢɩɨɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɱɬɨ ɚɧɬɟɧɚɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɹ ɎɎɌɋ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɨ ɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɝɟɦɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɯ ɭ ɧɨɜɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɧɵɯɜɩɟɪɜɵɟɫɭɬɤɢɠɢɡɧɢ
ɋɢɧɞɪɨɦɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣɚɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɟɪɮɭɡɢɢɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɜɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɑɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɫɢɧɞɪɨɦɚ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɮɭɡɢɢ ɋɈȺɉ ɢɥɢ ɚɤɚɪɞɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɬ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɦɨɧɨɯɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ>@Ⱥɤɚɪɞɢɹɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɨ-ɚɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɟɧɨ-ɜɟɧɨɡɧɵɯ ɚɧɚɫɬɨɦɨɡɨɜ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɩɭɩɨɜɢɧɵ ɛɥɢɡɧɟɰɨɜ ɫɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɰɟɧɬ ɢ ɈȺɉ Ʉɪɨɜɶ ɨɬ ɩɭɩɨɜɢɧɵ ɩɥɨɞɚ-ɞɨɧɨɪɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɚɧɚɫɬɨɦɨɡɵ ɜ ɪɟ ɜɟɪɫɧɨɦɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɩɨɩɭɩɨɜɢɧɟɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬɤɚɤɚɪɞɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɩɥɨɞɭ
106
ɋɈȺɉ ɜ – ɧɟɞɟɥɶ ɛɵɥ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɩɪɢɍɁ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢɩɥɨɞ-©ɩɚɪɚɡɢɬªɛɵɥɪɚɫɰɟɧɟɧɤɚɤ©ɧɟɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɚɹɫɹɛɟɪɟ ɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɶªɢɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɜɫɪɨɤɚɯ–ɧɟɞɟɥɢ
ɉɪɢɋɈȺɉɜɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɯɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɥɚɫɶɮɟɬɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɥɚɡɟɪɧɚɹɤɨɚɝɭ ɥɹɰɢɹɩɭɩɨɜɢɧɵɩɥɨɞɚ-ɚɤɚɪɞɢɭɫɚɜɫɥɭɱɚɹɯɧɚɢɫɭɬɤɢɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɚɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɭɬɪɨɛɧɚɹɝɢɛɟɥɶɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɩɥɨɞɚɢɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɛɵɥɚɩɪɟɪɜɚɧɚɢɫɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɨɚɧɚɬɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɜɫɤɪɵɬɢɟɦȼɨɞɧɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧȼɉɋɩɟɪɢ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɨɡɧɵɣɀɆɀɉɜɞɪɭɝɨɦɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɹɩɪɢɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹɩɭɩɨɜɢɧ—ɩɭɩɨɜɢɧɵ ɨɛɨɢɯɩɥɨɞɨɜɢɦɟɥɢɨɛɨɥɨɱɟɱɧɨɟɩɪɢɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟɢɜɩɚɞɚɥɢɞɪɭɝɜɞɪɭɝɚȼɫɥɭ ɱɚɹɯɩɪɢɋɈȺɉɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɨɥɨɧɝɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɍɁ-ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɨɦɡɚɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɩɥɨɞɨɜɛɟɡɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɜɫɜɹɡɢɫɩɨɡɞɧɟɣɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɨɣɫɢɧɞɪɨɦɚȼɨɞɧɨɦɫɥɭ ɱɚɟɩɥɨɞ-©ɩɚɪɚɡɢɬªɩɪɟɤɪɚɬɢɥɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɜɧɟɞɟɥɶɝɟɫɬɚɰɢɢ Ȼɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɨ ɥɨɧɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɚɞɨɧɟɞɟɥɶɪɨɞɵɱɟɪɟɡɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɪɨɞɨɜɵɟɩɭɬɢɧɨɜɨɪɨɠɞɟɧ ɧɵɣɝɫɦȺɩɝɚɪɛɚɥɥɨɜɜɵɩɢɫɚɧɧɚɫɭɬɤɢȼɞɪɭɝɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟ—
ɩɥɨɞ-©ɩɚɪɚɡɢɬªɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɥɫɹɜɦɟɫɬɟɫɨɡɞɨɪɨɜɵɦɞɨɧɟɞɟɥɶɝɟɫɬɚɰɢɢȻɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹɛɵ ɥɚɪɨɞɨɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɚɩɪɢɞɨɧɨɲɟɧɧɨɣɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɩɭɬɟɦɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢɤɟɫɚɪɟɜɨɫɟɱɟ ɧɢɟ Ɇɚɫɫɚ ɩɥɨɞɚ-©ɩɚɪɚɡɢɬɚª ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ ɝ Ɋɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɠɢɜɨɣ ɦɚɥɶɱɢɤ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ ɝɞɥɢɧɨɣɫɦɨɰɟɧɤɚɩɨɲɤɚɥɟȺɩɝɚɪɛɚɥɥɨɜȼɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟɜɪɟɦɹɪɟɛɟ ɧɨɤɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɩɨɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɭ
ȼ-ɯɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɫȼɉɊɨɞɧɨɝɨɢɡɩɥɨɞɨɜɩɪɢɆɏɞɜɨɣɧɟɜ–ɧɟɞɟɥɶɜɵ ɩɨɥɧɟɧɚɮɟɬɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɥɚɡɟɪɧɚɹɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɰɢɹɩɭɩɨɜɢɧɵɩɥɨɞɚɫȼɉɊȻɟɪɟɦɟɧ ɧɨɫɬɢɛɵɥɢɩɪɨɥɨɧɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɵɞɨɞɨɧɨɲɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɪɨɤɚɊɨɞɵɱɟɪɟɡɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɪɨ ɞɨɜɵɟɩɭɬɢ
ȼɫɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɦɨɧɨɯɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɨɧɨɚɦɧɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɜɨɣɧɢ ɫɨɩɪɨ ɜɨɠɞɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɟɪɟɩɥɟɬɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɟɬɟɥɶ ɩɭɩɨɜɢɧ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɩɥɨɞɨɜ ȼ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜ ɥɹɥɫɹ ɍɁ-ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɫ ɰɜɟɬɧɵɦ ɞɨɩɩɥɟɪɨɜɫɤɢɦ ɤɚɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɉɚɰɢɟɧɬɤɢ ɪɨ ɞɨɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɵɜɧɟɞɟɥɢɝɟɫɬɚɰɢɢɩɭɬɟɦɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢɤɟɫɚɪɟɜɨɫɟɱɟɧɢɟɩɨɫɥɟɩɪɨ ɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɤɢɊȾɋ ɜɫɟɞɟɬɢɠɢɜɵ
ɁɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɢɢɩɪɢɆɏɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶɜɟ ɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɚɤɭɲɟɪɫɤɢɯɢɚɧɬɟɧɚɬɚɥɶɧɵɯɨɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɢɣɚɬɚɤɠɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɬɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɭɬɪɨɛɧɵɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɬɟɯ ɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɯɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣȼɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɜɤɥɸ ɱɚɬɶɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɜɢɞɚɯɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɩɥɚɰɟɧɬɵɜ–ɧɟɞɟɥɶɝɟɫɬɚɰɢɢɞɢɧɚɦɢ ɱɟɫɤɢɣɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɡɚɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢɮɟɬɨɦɟɬɪɢɢɢɞɨɩɩɥɟɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɢɮɟɬɨɩɥɚɰɟɧɬɚɪ ɧɨɣɝɟɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢɭɪɨɜɧɟɦɨɤɨɥɨɩɥɨɞɧɵɯɜɨɞɜ–ɢ–ɧɟɞɟɥɢɝɟɫɬɚ ɰɢɢ Ɏɟɬɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɥɚɡɟɪɧɚɹ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɩɭɩɨɜɢɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢ ɬɟɥɶɧɚɜɫɪɨɤɟɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɞɨɧɟɞɟɥɶɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦɢɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜ ɧɨɫɬɢɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢɮɟɬɨ-ɮɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɬɪɚɧɫɮɭɡɢɨɧɧɨɝɨɫɢɧɞɪɨɦɚɦɟɬɨɞɨɦɮɟɬɨɫɤɨ ɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɥɚɡɟɪɧɨɣɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɰɢɢɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɵɯɚɧɚɫɬɨɦɨɡɨɜɩɥɚɰɟɧɬɵɩɭɩɨɜɢɧɵɹɜ ɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɭɬɪɨɛɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ ɜɪɨɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɤɨɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɭ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɩɥɨɞɨɜ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɥɚɰɟɧɬɵ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɣ ɩɥɨɞɭ-ɞɨɧɨɪɭ ɧɟɦɟɧɟɟɢɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣɩɟɪɢɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɤɨɣɧɟɜɵɧɚɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɧɨɯɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɜɨɣɧɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɮɟɬɨɩɥɚɰɟɧ ɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɭɬɪɨɛɧɭɸ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɸ ɚɧɬɟɧɚɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɫ ɩɪɢ ɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯɜɵɫɨɤɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɯɦɟɬɨɞɨɜɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬɞɨɫ
107
ɬɨɜɟɪɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɪɨɤɢ ɜɵɧɚɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɸɸ ɦɚɫɫɭɩɥɨɞɨɜɜɪɚɡɚɢɢɯɜɵɠɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶɜɪɚɡ
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
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2. Chmait, R. Residual vascular communications in twin-twin transfusion syndrome treated with sequential laser surgery: frequency and clinical implications / R. Chmait, S. Assaf, K. Be-nirschke // Placenta, 2010. — Vol. 31. — P. 611–614.
3. Gray, P. Perinatal outcomes with laser surgery for twin-twin transfusion syndrome / P.
Gray [et al.] // Twin Res. Hum. Genet, 2006. — Vol. 9. — P. 438–443.
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0212ɋ+25,Ɉ1,ɋTWINS: COMPLICATIONS, DIAGNOSTICS, MAINTENANCE, AND METHODS OF CORRECTION
Mihalevich of S.I., V. L. Semenchuk
1Belorussian Academy of postgraduate education,
2Republican Scientific Practical Centre «Mother and Child», Minsk, Belarus.
Summery.Features of a current and pregnancy outcomes at monohorionic and bi-horionic twins are studied at 124 pregnant women with monobi-horionic twins. Principal causes of high frequency infringements pregnancy, perinatal disease and death rates are defined at monohorionic to twins. Criteria of wounds ths of diagnostics FFTS and diffe-rential diagnostics with a delay intrauterinum growth of one of fruits are developed at monohorionic to twins. Complex method of conducting pregnancy at monohorionic to twins, including early prenetal diagnostics and correction feto-fetal transfusion syn-drome that promotes considerable decrease in perinatal morbidity and mortality.
Key words: monohorionic to twins, twin to twin transfusion syndrome, fetoscopic laser coagulation vascular anastomoses.
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