ῌ ! , " ῍
῏. ῎
!
"#$%&'()*+,-./ 01#*+2345) 6 '789-.:; <=>)?@/
ῌ +/+ ῍ a A ((BC"DE E/
b A FGH#IJK5("DE E/
LMKN"#O& P((BC"Q.R PFGH#IJK5(R (@
STUV5WX2WY"Z[\M)(. ῌV5WU]^5)(
.῍ 9-."Q_@/ L`# ab cSTdefg "
#hfijk3)(.l"Q.5 0mnoῌnp(@qr4 KQ.*-sl STdetSTZ[(@*-snu9-.
v_@/ !"#wxy z&{.m|& cSTZ[g }~
5kUK5)?m(/ m|& 01#:;@k
hfjD./
ῌ῍
ῌ +/, ῍ ῌ ῍
!"
#$ !%&'()!
.῍*
+,-./01 )234 5111 "#$ !%&'(
)!6 7/0)!72089:;<=>?@2%
2AB"1 &CD!EFGHICDJ=>!K3!*
5LM6 56 7NOῌCDJ1 &,')!>B@1 9:;
<PQ"RSBT=>!"1 U;<=VWX2"Y1 YV&MZ[\1 U]^_ 5 !6 `
=2Q1 5 ! 7#$&'(6 )!T=>!CD!
=>!* _?@1 ῌ +/+ a ῍ ab 1 5 cd=>!6 7" !`=2Q1 Vef&ghi'(7 )!jk&lD!T=>!mD!* % 5'()!6 7NO&n!opqrs72t@@AY'YA=>!K3
!*
ῌ +/- ῍ A u vw1 %xy * z`2*
B u {{111 )|Qxy }
%EF1 B 5)|Qxy 6 7=>! A !%~'YA=>!* TAA3Y B Ym& 2QT1 %a"()b@?BQ"2 * V1 %b " !'YA=T1
B V%& A '()! 7jk"I !
%"K3!* _?@1 3.@m 72
῍ῌ
B ! " #$%&'()*+,-.." B / %0 123 456 78/ 9: A %;<.
087.7=8
>?" @A BCD$ 1EFGHIJK6 08!LM 1EF N>O6 PQ7.A=" R STUVGBW7.X 7YG" .. R ZA=X[" B\.]
08!^_`ab!ZA=X!
ῌ +/. ῍ ῌ A cXdGef gh ijk.8῍
l A m n o[pq roYs s
B m tuKuK " n8Ys qGrs
2!L" A G 1""" s6 vw.n xy%z" 1n o q ro6 78EFῌ{|G B %}~.!
" STUV%z7! kJKX08%" n 1)7" /** 2s6 17T%TX2s6 !u 0 KZA=G nKG 77!"
1N>O6 1HI6 PQ7.A=JK" nK7!
$G!JKX7 ..!G" " 1HI6
%PQ A=" nKG ! " 1HI6
ῌ27%08 > Z7KZA=X 7
nK" [n dG7.¡¢ Z ῌ +/. ῍ £>¤¥.
¦08 Z" § vwῌ¨w%©ªOῌ«¬JG}~2 7 ®¯. " °±%¡Z%z²³´
µf¶ ·¸¹ 1s6 º.¦ 1HI6 7 1&'()*+6 %ῌ»,D῍ ῍ῌ
ῌ ῍
!"# A $%&&' ( )*
+#,-#.
/01&234" 5678. &' /90234 :";<=#/>?@AB#. CD=#&'" +E 0 FGHIJK +EL:MNO90.
ῌ +// ῍ A P / Q:A=LR B P ST /** UA=V V.
0WXL:YSZ A /** UAB# 0 D:L"[\]-^ ῌ +/. ῍ _` B L:
a#bc" d`S. ef` /M"g hi& ῌ +/, ῍ M f1&Q@/-L#. / FG HIJK ML: jk&90"lm ῌ +33- ῍ noῌlm ῌ +332 ῍ : pq(drst"uvwC"x&-yAB#.
L / WXL:z{= IL"|X A 5 AB# /** U 1 | +/ } 0 ~"("#&' pq(IL'Z~"st"
#/?@AB#0sAB#. &'" ~"
`0# 0A AB#D &S:#.
/9023>v=#/")@wC
=#b90"0.
ῌ +/0 ῍ )@ ῌ῍
5 AB#0(Jr,D =
῍ῌ
ῌ
!"῍ #
$%&'()*+
,-./012 1.3)4 516789:;
<=8>#?@AB" C<D1E7=8>#
ῌ +/1 ῍ &F& GHI1JKLM NOFPQP"R1< S TUVWF 2X+Y>+Z Zῌ[\]^_`>1abc d]e]1f῍
ῌ +/2 ῍ A g #R1hiUj> kl1mnopq2r R 1s
B g Utruv&RZ Z
?"P1wxy1 1z{| )}<&R0~ ῌw(1 ῌ +/, ῍ 12q1῍ >v R(" D1 w
)<+ ῌ?"P1w10~+῍
5"> 1/0<} D1712<0~B
"1FC<2
. . + . + ῎
7 + z
ῌ +/3 ῍ A g XZ Z B g Z
,1r Z )& a\[] c <¡ῌ¢,£῍ ῍ῌ
ῌ +0* ῍ A
B
ῌ +/3 ῍ A B !"#$%
&'() *+, B &-./012 '(2 A 34 5267289:'(2 ;< ῌ +0* ῍ =>?'@
& AB52?C5 B &:D -./0152 E0B FGH'IJAB52 A 83455:K' (2 LMN OP + QRGSTU VWX@YZ[\]^5[_
AB2`72 OP , QRG_U
ῌ +0+ ῍ A "#$
B ab "#$
ῌ +0, ῍ A
B Fa
QRG_U OP c QRGSTU OPde0@[_8 fg'(2 @0. ῌ +0+ ῍ \h5 B \^5 !"#$%
a FB8?C'(2Li& jMk\ A 8F B_`52Li& A 8F -./0152L _i'() l8mOAB2[_AB2
jM ῌ +0, ῍ &Rn\ k\o\ A 8:D _`52M
῍ῌ
B A !"#$%&' ()! $* , +, -./0 123456!)76/8&$*%&
$* - +9:0
&;9:"<$56<=>?@)
ῌ +0- ῍ A A B 3 CD8EFG GH
B B F I JKF)
ῌLMῌCN +332 ,/3 O῍
ῌ +0. ῍ ῌ B PQR!ST?῍
A A B UVPQRW%?G G B B E W)
ῌ +0- ῍ X!Y A #Z [9:"\ <$ ]^
? [ B CD8E\ (!_`9a# A
# B (!b@cd 9:<e7 (f'g A ! [ῌhi῍ B CD8E\
#_`9j%?8<7klF ? m B !nklF#o A !7 pqd "#r$8&6/st
+9:0 $*<6/Fg!u-Gv3%3wxy"z{
|x }~ ῌ +0- ῍ )3 "<8& j&3 j& #wxy"z{|x3 (
[G\ <}?@ [pq\ [z{|x\ !ῌ,῍ ῍ῌ
!"#$%&'()*+ ,'+-./ 0 ῌ +0/ ῍ #12 12
3#4 5678 9:;<'=>?@ABCDE FG !"D$%HIJ KKLMNOP QD F D#GKE 0 ῌ +00 ῍ 4'RS<TD.1 1U
V4'RS<TDW #XYZJ[\ ῌFG !"D῍ ]F^#FHIJ _`
$%? ', 5a[8 &b !".
#9&bc_deDE fg &b hQij4 4 'k lemnop q 5a [8 #&bῌr&Ms< tuDvwG9 KKmntuxyI''z KKMs{Q .
5a[8 9 @)|'3# } kQfg~#|Iv D4 &b "<wG 5a[8 &b9:;<'o . 9GQ4
#v
ῌ +01 ῍ A 0 4'RS<TD.1U
B 0
῎#D.1 1
῍ῌ
῎ ῌ +33* ῍ !"#$%&'()
ῌ +02 ῍ *'+,*-!./01234+!.5*'+-!.
6)78.9:;<=>?@ AB)3=) ῌ 1- C῍
!"#$D-!.EF- ῌ +01 ῍ GHIJ0 3 KKLM#$=>N)
!"LMB)) ῌ +01 ῍ O!"- PQRS"F T5T5UVWX-Y)( A B Z-[F12 3\]0()^)_) A 3A`B'() A B Z- a123\]0()= b>cd0e=
Ffg )"hiῌi)Fj4+3cd0ekl=>PQJ3>
\]m no(Apq'nor Ts=
tuAvw'3 x bcd0e=Fg )"i)Fj -yz^){=>nor T"=>| cd}k l~'( b) T"=g $M-/U)o
no{5( 3 '
3=
ῌ +03 ῍ ῌ B ῍
A ))=o o
B ff"e ))Ro o ῌ 1, C῍
bg '( b\]g bg -:)(ῌ ,¡῍ ῍ῌ
B !"#$%&'( )* +,- ./01#2345*6 B 5785#9:;<
=>4$?& @ -ABCD *$=EFG HIJI3 B K3 L6M NO+,*
A#PQ34RS @ T . UVW+,?XY
ῌ +1* ῍ ῌZ[ \5]/ ^_#`R#῍
Z[:ab> ^_c`] d d@
Ae.; ]Z[ fgh^_#ij k +,ῌlm#9:;< 35 3W>-+, Z[Ln3 *6 -opZ[A+,#9:;<
q*6 34>NO+,*3W%&4e
@
. . , . , ῎
r s ftok uv>wvPD]
x@
T / Uyzῌ{|Y
}~34 fyzk f{|k to*?
4 33 !" h/'4
ῌῌ
ῌ +1+ ῍ a
b
! !" #$%&'()
$)" **+, , -./0123)4)
ῌ +1, ῍ 56 789
:;<= ῌ>56 ?@῍ ,AB<=', C
*DEF* )GH)
ῌ +1- ῍ 56 789
:;<=,AB<='()C*DEF* )GH )
IJ(K)L 5%&6 $)MN'() ) *O+P,%&',!" QR01S , " () ,) TU'()
II'VW),0'()
ῌ +1. ῍ A XY" Z[\]S
B ^" O ῌ_` +33+ " +*+ a῍
ITU,b(LXcdL&e' A B [\fg]I hiῌD,jO " Qk'QlE) mgT
\nopqr 56 ls*t) 5AB6 5uvwx78yz{6 | ῌ},~῍ ῌ῍
A B !"# $%&' ()*+,- .
)/ 0 0123 4
0123 4 )/%56789:;<=
ῌ +1/ ῍ A > ?+# @A=BC B > -D# /** E=F F
?%7# /** E 8 A GAHBBA I' ()*+"# ?+J@%KL H*+M)/%N O
PQ.# ?%7 -D RS HT# O"
B UV8WXYZ /** E[\T' (
@?]^_`aabc*+M"
ῌ +10 ῍ A > ?+# @A=BC B > C /** E=F F
-D RS de=%# A %fg8hM# B
$%UV YZi?I# "1j%H?
=H# A %kgl=mn%[\o=pq
%1jH@# $%&rB8st $%rB uv ῌ uvw8x=%῍ ?H ?%7%TUV
῍ῌ
B ῌ +1/ ῍
!"#!$%&'()
ῌ +11 ῍ A * +,-./0
B * 12 1 - +/ 3.4 4
A -56 - B 789/:;2 ,8/<=
-5>? @:AB-C-5 B ?DE &9
!"-5FGH IJ9K L ῌMN OPQR'HS.T9K L῍ U@V9WX#Y L/
ῌ +12 ῍ ῌ,/ZNO [\]^_&`a /bG 1 -
+/ 3N/V9 1 - +/ 39:῍
cd * e9Ef
῎1:2 & 1 - +/ 3.4 4 bG
&V9GghNi&
GH2 Gjklmno7pq r 1 - +/
3s &tu@2 8/UV&vwx : re9Ef2 1 - +/ 3.%s 9y%&z{/2
&9K L re9Ef2 1 - +/ 3.s %&|}~{9 T@wx
2 PQ w>? {= tE
y%&'E /Ye%& NU8N:G
|}~ r4s e rs r1s Mῌ,῍ ῍ῌ
ῌ +13 ῍ ῌ῍
!"
#$%&' ok ()*+,-.
"()*+ / /
012345 , 6789:;<
=>?@- ABCDE <,FG2H=>?
, IJ K;,LMNO<
P QRSIABCTU <VW,XY<Z[K
\ ,< 0]F LM?<^ !
ῌ +2* ῍ ῌ_`,abZcd A .. efWg
h B i/<῍
A jkF!l!-. "
B ;' jk( / /
Z[Kmgh< B jknopABC.
q([lr, A sRKC t=uv, R!R w xgRNO<R yz{Q5 ,g|}
~)<
IIKC?mDEABC IC?
,mDEAB, Cx <
x?< I < @ ;' jk ( B G <,) IDEAB,l
῍ῌ
!" B #$%&'( #$
%!)*+,-./ 0123,4 5 67 8,-9:.;<= >=7?@./ A7B CDE.FGH=
IJK
ῌ +2+ ῍ ῌ A B L.>MN7OP QRST FG῍
A U Q= RSVWXYZ
B U YV VWXYZ :[ \]^_
ῌ B \]^῍
B U YV >=`aWZ Z
B 0YV >=`aWZ4 Ybcdef 0>=`a 4 Y3XVghi A j3k<l mn MNSMTYciῌgh io+p/.q QrG 0CD,]h4 B FGTs;t
uvwxy z{|} ~qA7Y?h1 YK7 L^_Y
ῌ +2, ῍ ῌ7@=H B Q=7iY A ῍
A U >T,
B U G >= - ,Z Z
0Z4 7^ 0CD4 04 ~ῌ, ῍ ῍ῌ
B !" # $% &'()*+,- )*.!/011234 +#5.6107689:)*.!1
;<5=>?!6@ AB.!1 !CDEF.!"
GH 1 I)*JKL
M? I)*JKL GH5NO" PQ/+RST5UVW!"
ῌ +2- ῍ A X YZ[\/\Z]W^ ^"
B X . +" \Z3Z_?"
T`aW!0 A b[\/\c ?de.3 1 @f@3#6de 0ghi/\Z?!de.!?
.!" ? jkl/m?no.! B Dp /qr?1Z610#? b A [\/\c ? B qrs1/.Z6?5qtW!" uv/w
?0 xyz{|/W#} I)*JKL <6]~
T!"
ῌ +2. ῍ A X m YZ /\Z!
῎^ ^"
B X
76Tno.! B A /ῌ
!.!1s1.!" T' T
῍ῌ
A !"#$% B &'()* + ,- ./0 1 B A 23456789: ;
<='>?@ABC"!%D- > A E'F G%H"* ID- A 3456789: G ' B JKL"HEFM"G ")*
G+N0OM)G- 2PQRS)TH; O 2PQRS); %UV"GD- UV%"G )- G%- )WXUVY)%"Z([
SS"G%)* \] ^L)_`%Sa- bcde
>f"g")WX<=b`MhiRS) j%UVY)M)* \] ^L)_`%"(Sa-
>- kL)G ">- "lmn - EoHp<=')WXqr Z([SS)%"
(Sa""G%)*
s>!"mn%tuvMa>]w"*
ῌ +2/ ῍ A x 1yRz- @{|} )~ ~*
B x M
B A |} <='?@ABC)>]w"*
G0 2@{|} ); SRS)j 1
> B # ">- A 7 86 S- S' A f)>- EF OK ")
BS)*
2~; ') 2PQ; 286; Iῌ,῍ ῍ῌ
2
ῌ +20 ῍
!" #$%&'()*+, -./
*0 !12%34 56)*07879:0 ; <=2
>?@ABC07D;-, ;>!EFGH)IJKL
>M2N
&'O((PQRSTUN#<12%
VW X0YZA*0 [\0 ]<12%!;^_, ` abcde+%)*+, (PVW X 0ῌ*0 !VWXf2(P 9:ghij>k)!>
3 lmῌln
lmῌln opq ῌ +21 ῍ \7D>
\7D> !rs" #&'O>(Ptu)*+, !vw<
x yD z, 12%!$%A \7D> A{C D> |7D, }~!> g [\0 -;<:
xMVW(P)*0 /4u 0; ), vw<
Az L:0 "z+, gVW)2> g" :
῍ῌ
!"#$%&'%()*# + ,- ./0
12 +* 345678
94567:;<&
ῌ +22 ῍ =>? @ABCDE EF
G=> X @ABH 45IJ& K L0KMNC45OPQRKSBJL R&T 45*#RS AKUV 'WK RX1I0 ./0
YZR [Q)\]^UL )_`I0&45aR V:)XR-
ῌ +23 ῍ ῌb+RcA῍
Fd>efI0BghTijkal)mnI0h E
E
L0 op)b+)kaqCDDN K-qrsPD .A0gt*#:
12 ++ ῌ +, 3uv8 3wxh8
3uv8 RyLLz;PB{|ῌ}': ~P-T
> GEH < GH GH Rῌ,῍ ῍ῌ
!"# $%&'(! )*
+
ῌ +3* ῍ ,-. .# /0. .# 12. .# 3456*. . 789:
;<=>?! # 89@$AB CDEFGEHD CIJKL4+MNK"OPQ R8S FGE T!4+MNK"*UOPV RWXYAZ - [
\UXY[]D ?! JD
# 7^_J`: aLbcde"fghi ῌ +3+ ῍ .j.j .j.j# klmno 7^_J`:
RJ pqrstu vCB 4w# i vCB +xyz 4w@"{\ ?!
V|}hR*+~RDJ?!"# i
*+FGEῌ xyPstWhi# 78 9: 7^_J`: Ai fghi "# x *+
FGE xyD# CDE)D4W h*+AD h# 789: 7^_J`: { A;4# x D *+\
. . - . ῎ - ῎
RR;h# D4Wh# @"{\ ¡"+;Pfghi R4 DJD# @+¢U# {A"£¤¥
῍ῌ
! "#$ %& '()
*+,%-(./()**0,12345! *#6 578-(9$:;<=
>! ?#+, ῌ&*"@AB
CDE ῌFGDEHI῍J CAKLMJ CNOP)J CQ1J
CRST*J / U>! VW X%Y:Z*[+,!
5\]^ + _DE`
aP%* CDEῌFGDEJ b>! c
?#&de*+,!
ῌ +3, ῍
῎fgh h!
῎
&,ij%gh h!
klm 5#+, DEb n Y - % ob3pq! rg sb3bt%,uvwn(
)x[n 5#! 0S %,y*z%{5z|}ῌL M~%,6 " %DEῌFGDE"f %,>! *w*n 'bt?^%
,* "b3o ! s
()*# S*!
DE%, y*zoNO>! "3? "
$" #%¡¢£¤ -dj|¥
DE>6#%*& " dj|q¥DE>%,L
¦§¨©ª« ChJ ¬*[ C~J % C®¯\]°±²J ῌ³,´῍ ῌῌ
!"#ῌ$%&'()&*+,- ./01
23456789:: ;< =>?῎@
ABCDEF ῎ G&<,HIJKL66K M!-, BINO P66;<QR ST.UV W.X,YZ!&
' [\45!]Z^!-9_9!-, BB;<
QR9: ;<`aῌ`bc1d6, ef!-9: G&<,HIJKL9.(g4 6hiUVjKkl6
. "#62m45ῌ[\45(nopq!
rs,-i6B1c6X,]Z!
&!-
t uv@ ῌ +3, ῍ @`wx.y6B !1 z{!-9: (,g4!& |96}~
_. z{ῌ 45]ZB.N
ῌ +3- ῍ .E
BCDE6!
(,g4!&6 , ?j
!B6ti .?X.
(,g6.16
῍ῌῌ
ῌ +3. ῍
῏῏
!"#$%&'(
$%)* +,-./0#*1 /& 2345%
$67 89 34 :,;345%
) $%345%<$%)=7> (?&@AB
*/+C*=7 D7E0FG @H
@%&+IJKL$%
M)M NOM PQ RM@A0ST> &PQ
@+EUV%KLW$%+&$%:)%
NX&Y0Z[%
ῌ +3/ ῍ ῌ\]^&_`abc& 2-.dW&ef2* gh ijklmnG)*/&e&op0C% ῍
qgk r /s5.&op0C+*MtQ ijk r 7u /Qv 5.gwxn y r 7 z{
&PQ &|}~u0%QP6 |}~
u&!8 ῌ&hop῍ C* &op
5 65%h /&῎ z{$% ῎ Q +0FM 34<
7*+=7
&Ys&PQ+&+$%
¡¢&£¤¥ 0(M¦% 34 §¨©ª«u¬® Fῌ¯, ῍ ῍ῌ῍
ῌ +30 ῍ A
B
A !"# !
!$%%& B % ! ' ( % % )!*+,-. A % '/0123( %45%6789&:$
;<=&3>?@ - A7BCDῌEFG7H
;<5IJKLM% ! 'E G7( MN!O PQ R STU$%V E G1MRV!;<5 ῌ<R%WXYZ [\]^ _5`
IM&:$
ῌ +31 ῍ A Vab@Jc2$d B
῎e c2$
B fgE 3%Gh !$%R$% h
$%PQ %V&: _ij%kl&dN!%
$
ῌ +32 ῍ A mb@Jc2$n B ?e ogc2$
ῌ +31 ῍ RV! B fEF3%pq`p1r _
῍ῌ῎
!"#$ . %&'()*+
,- .&'/ (01(234
ῌ +33 ῍ A 5 67-89 B 5
῎: :
; <=> , ?@ABC DEF &' ; 88GHIJKLMN8O- KL(&'P :HQ HRSTU-;RSTU (VW ;F*! O- &'X;Y!F Z[C \F X8]^X_(`U- !"#$ / %Ga(bFc+
de .bFc/ 1(234 ῌ ,** ῍ 9 ;fgh: :
XiijJk!lm()*; X;88nkoY pUq8F 8SrsMt>;F*! ;u v>w-;EY `xy ;z{! Q H|
z8!zFuv 8}*! ~ bFc
t .:/ ( -y ./ ."#/ D-ῌ,῍ ῍ῌ῎
!"#$ %&'()*+,*-./01 23 43"5678923
:,*";<=!!> 67?@;<=!AB
" 43CD=E=%>$F!
G= HIJK LMNO-PA Q-R$*S
=TU"'V"
῍ῌ῎
S WXY3!ZTTU[\
]^_:`
*++ abcd efPg h
*+, abEU i efPg h
*+- jk B!0lmYi-g h
*+. nopqr st: Xug h ]vb:`
*+/ wxῌyz RV{V|$g
U}%!~g h
*+0 6jk /**-g h
*+1 W # #$o%-g h
*+2 3 g h
*+3 ῌ g h
*++* W Y#o $!iPg h
*+++ }g =g =g #!
iPGg
*++, A gg ]:",*o`
¡¢+
£¤ ῌ¥¦|g h
¡¢,
6qr ῌ§0lm-g h
¡¢-
Uj¨©ῌbªEU
A«¬¢®R'¯
B«ῌi ®Rg h
¡¢.
°[±
A«¬²®R$
B«ῌi g h
¡¢/
³´¯µ- B 0¶·¸-g h
/ ῌ ῏ῒῐῑ῍῎
!"#$%&'()*+,$-(./0 1 23456( 789:&., ;<=>%
?@)A$B+C60 DEFGH ῌ +33- ῍ IJ IJ KLAM 0* NOPQR8;<=$STU(
+,.. /( %VW -0. XY=$&., -0 Z +.2 XY [ +,2 XY-\]^_\`
$A TUVab\]^ %cde(fg(
h,0 -,ij^,k =$
\lmno.4-(cd\mp4qi/$q rs0
ttuvwA45qA,6( %xyz{|}
~\]^ <A q(6
k <A q(4-(
+,0 qq4-(
+,0 3}<Aῌ%,{.}~\]^
- 3N(q,6(
}30
ῌ ,*+ ῍ <Axy
xy
\A$ G 3$ῌ,῍ ῍ῌ῎
!" #$ !
"%&'"()*+, -./01234 )"+ 56/0+78 -9
":;-+<=>, ?@ #$ -5 6/0<-=ABC+D<= E8<- ) F"<-+)G, HIJK!=
-L+M N
ῌ ,*, ῍
+,
AO PQRS< TUV WXYZ [\-]^_
`ab^Dcdef$<=F gh WXYZ [\
ij-+klO, mn-o-9p"qr, ῌ ,*- ῍
ῌ A ῍ s`tCu N
(D, vw xIJyz,
%&' xI cd {| 9 ῌ ῍
῎ ῏
#$ {| p ῐ ῑ {| 9
#$ {| p
῍ῌ῎
ῌ B ῍
ῌ῍
!"#$%&'()"*+,-./0.1 23*-4
ῌ C ῍
567 8*"*294 ,7 /** :2
;<&'=>?@AB!"3*-4
ῌ D ῍
CDEF2 ;<&'()"*./0.123*-4
ῌ E ῍
GHI=JKLM0.N4
O#.PQ&'=RSTU"AVW3*-4
ῌ F ῍
CDEF. O#AX-YZ6-&'()"*./0.
123*-4
[0A7 \]@A^,P6-*._,-(7 `LaF 56EP-bc=d-5+0e`*
/῍4
fghi 2 =j"3k- ;< lmno A%*3ῌp,q῍ ῍ῌ῎
0 ῌ ῍ῐ῏῎
ῌ !"#$%&' ()*$+
,-./0123,4567"89#:;ῌ$<&+ =
>89?@AB7CDE#FGH&' =$<
CDE#?IJ#KL&M&N+ OPQR1$
<B7 STUVWXY SZ[\]XY ^_`?Xa&?
bc0`defg7b.0'
TUVWX+ h/ijklmXa7n.
7b+ 891Xa&+ o7pqrXa#st uB7vwbcu' Z[\]X1TUVWXh/
89#,uXag7b+ =?Xa&vwbo/+ xh /yzijklc&{7|bo7'
h}IJ~r@A# 6+ h}
#&'
ῌ ,*. ῍ !"
TU STUY o7}i&\qn#a
g7' + STUY + b_.7 ῌ h_.7hn.7῍ TU+ o 7_.7i&b67TU#g'
g._+ SY }0`6#V"XaB
7 + = SY ¡8¢£#¤¥7h/+ Xab
῍ῌ῎
ῌ !"#$%"
&"'() *'+,- ./+*012 **"%34567'
"'8 9:;<=>?#@A16B8
.C 8DE2F
῏ GHIDJ KLMNO6PQ"? R ST UVW XYZ[\]^_M`T UVW a6 bc S R" de,**3fgh&
.῍ 6 Ui jVW klmD ?i 6 UnW * o&pqrs () tu)v i wsxyi qrs t)
/῍ *z345{ῌ%ῌ|"?},~#' DF ῌ"?
!)῍ 6*".C)v U*SVW !z {j% U' 8''VW !z|j% Uh [''
>'W !z|j{ -+6 ?z;D F" *ws()6 ?"
ῌ + ῍
ῌ+330῍ Uqr345῎wm'z῎W =\] +,0
¡¢£=£
de¤¥ῌ,**1῍UUnW¦§¨W ¡¢£=\] +0, ¡¢£
=£./῎/3©
῍῍῍ ῌ,**3῍U345 UVW UnW Uª«¬®¯°±²W ¨ ῌ+῍ ¡¢£=\] +01 ¡¢£=£/+῎++.©
³´µ ¶ῌ+33.῍ Um·¸%TW ¹mSTºt»¼º½
345 UVW UnW Uª«¬®¯°±²W ¨ῌ,῍ ῍ῌ῎
+33- /+῎0*
῍῍῍ῌ+333῍ ῌ !"# $%&
' ()*+ῌ,- ./012345678 ,.+῎,02 9:;<ῌ+320῍=>+ ?@AABCD῎ @A EFCD# &G
H/I3J 3+῎3.
9KA<ῌ+330῍ L)MNOPQR S# # # T9GUVGW HH./J ,1-῎,2,
XYZῌ+33/῍ QR[SK\]# ^& H,.I++J -2῎./ 9_`
῍῍῍ῌ+331῍QR !"# ab'ῌ ῍ abc d efg hi ,-/῎,/0
jkῌ+33*῍ lmn oc d 9_`
῍῍῍ῌ,**,῍pῌlmn o c d 9_`
῍῍῍ qOrsῌ+332῍ 0ltu c d vi wx!ῌ+33-῍QRyῌ"# z{^& ,,I.J ++2῎+,+
wx!ῌ"|}~ῌ+332῍ 0[e S# # S# ##_ῌ
ῌ$%ῌ"&ῌs'ῌ ῍ ab[SK\c d 9_
` ,/0῎,03
()ῌ+33-῍ &QR # 7*m[7A# ^&G H+,J 1-῎22
+ῌ,ῌῌ,**-῍&[hKQR Sῌ# [L g# ^&G'H+,19'- ¡ ..῎.3
¢£¤¥ῌ+3/0῍ QR# ¦&¦H,0I1J ,-῎-+
"|}~ῌ+33,῍ 0.§[7A#¨^&G ¡©ª' ¨^&G῎E/^
«¬ +*31῎+++* c d ¥#
®¯°±ῌ+3/+῍ \L²³tDKRῌ0R# ¦&¦H,*I3J +῎+*
´µῌ¶)·ῌ+330῍&QR ῎S# # m# ³¸g῎# ./
^&H-I,J -῎+2 ^&G'
)";<ῌ+33-῍ QR # S# ῎ S# ¹mK-º῎# ^&¨
&UV H0J +*῎,+
ῌ»k< ῌ+322῍pῌ&¼ !½4ῌH,# z{^& H+1I0J 3.῎/
῍῍ῌ
ῌ+33+῍ ῌῌ+33,῍ !"
#$%&ῌ+33/῍ ''()* +,-.* /"0 1+2-2320῎104
5678ῌ+33-῍ '9:; <=>?+,-.* /"0 1+1/23.*῎/-4
@ABCD3 EFῌ+33-῍ G"HIJKL CMῌ,῍ N=OP QRSῌ+302῍'TUVWXYZ* /"0 11,23+,1῎-/4
Chafe, Wallace L. ῌ+310῍Givenness, contrastiveness, definiteness, subjects, topics, and point of view. Charles N. Li ed.Subject and Topic, New York : Academic Press.
Cook, Haruko Minegishiῌ+322῍Authority for Knowledge : Sentential Particles in Japanese Conversation : A Study of Indexicality. Unpublished Dissertation, University of South- ern California.
Halliday, M. A. K.?An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London, Baltimore, Md., USA : Edward Arnold.
Kamio, Akio.ῌ+313῍On the notion Speaker’s territory of information : A functional analy- sis of certain sentence-final forms in Japanese, G. D. Bedell, E. Kobayashi, M. Muraki eds.Explorations in Linguistics : Papers in Honor of Kazuko Inoue. Tokyo : Kenkyusha.
῍῍῍.ῌ+33.῍The theory of territory of information : The case of Japanese,Journal of Prag- matics,+:01῎+**.
῍῍῍.ῌ+33/῍ Territory of information in English and Japanese and psychological utter- ances,Journal of Pragmatics,.:,-/῎,0..
῍῍῍.ῌ+331a῍Evidentiality and some discourse characteristics in Japanese, Akio Kamio ed,Directions in Functional Linguistics. Amsterdam : John Benjamins,+./῎1+.
῍῍῍.ῌ+331b῍Territory of Information. Philadelphia : John Benjamin.
῍῍῍.ῌ,**+῍English generic we, you, and they : An analysis in terms of territory of infor- mation,Journal of Pragmatics--:++++῎++,..
Maynard, Senko K.ῌ+33-῍Discourse Modality : Subjectivity, Emotion and Voice in the Japa- nese Language. Amsterdam : John Benjamins.
Prince, Ellenῌ+32/῍ Fancy syntax and ‘shared knowledge,’Journal of Pragmatics3,0/῎2+. Schourup, Lawrence C.ῌ+32-῍ Common Discourse Particles in English Conversation. Ph.D.
Dissertation, The Ohio State University.
!"TUV '[* \].^_ '`a* b 'cdefgCLhi* +,-.ῌ1,j῍ ῌῌῌ
