自閉症スペクトラム障害児の視覚的手がかりに対する左右半球処理

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1 ⷞⷡ⊛ᚻ߇߆ࠅߦኻߔࠆᏀฝඨ⃿ಣℂ

ⷺ ᗲ㣮㧝_{࡮ᧄ↰ 㞜⟤}㧞_{࡮ᐔ㊁ ᤯๋}1_{࡮ኹ↰ ା৻}1࡮3

㧔㧝_{㜞⍮⊒㆐㓚ኂ⎇ⓥࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻࡮}㧞_{╳ᵄᄢቇᄢቇ㒮ੱ㑆✚ว⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼࡮}

㧟_{㜞⍮ᄢቇੱᢥ␠ળ⑼ቇ♽ᢎ⢒ቇㇱ㐷․೎ᡰេᢎ⢒ᔃℂቇ⎇ⓥቶ㧕}

Lateral Processing of Visual Cues in Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder

Aika SUMI㧝_{㧘Ayumi HONDA}㧞_{㧘Shingo HIRANO}₁_{㧘and Shin-ichi TERADA}_1࡮3

㧝_{Kochi Research Project for Developmental Disorders, Kochi, Japan}

㧞_{Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan} 㧟_{Laboratory of Psychology for Special Support Education, Education Unit, Humanities and} Social Sciences Cluster, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan

#DUVTCEV㧦

29 cases of autistic spectrum disorder㧔ASD㧕and 27 cases of intellectual disorder (ID) were presented two kind of pictures. We investigated the process of habituation in the response to one of pictures and the process of discrimination to another of them. For examine event related change (ERC) of EEG basic rhythm, we calculated envelope of 6-10Hz band using demodulation method, and analysed the first peak of envelope. The measure of ERC reflected peak of ERP. ASD and ID groups were significantly different on the measures of temporal asymmetry. Moreover, the deviation of latency at left temporal site was large for ASD group. Early latency subgroup of ASD had good outcomes of cognitive tasks. In another point of view, a part of ASD group showed few habituation. These results suggested that ASD group should be divided to subgroups by left temporal activity.

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Σ㧚ߪߓ߼ߦ

⥄㐽∝ࠬࡍࠢ࠻࡜ࡓ㓚ኂ㧔Autistic Spectrum Disorder: ASD㧕ߩ⹺⍮㕙ߩ㓚ኂ․ᕈߣߒߡ㧘⸒⺆ᕈߩ⹺⍮ಣℂ ࠃࠅ߽ⷞⷡಣℂߦఝ૏ᕈ߇޽ࠆߎߣ߇⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚଀߃߫㧘Kamio ࠄ1)_{㧔2000㧕ߪ㧘ࡊ࡜ࠗࡒࡦࠣታ㛎ߦࠃߞߡ㧘} ASD ఽߢߪ⸒⺆ᕈಣℂࠃࠅ߽ᒻᘒᕈಣℂߩᣇ߇ᅢᚑ❣ߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߎߩߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘⸒⺆ᕈಣℂߩᒙߐ ߿ઁߩ㓚ኂ․ᕈߦࠃߞߡ߽ߚࠄߐࠇࠆ↢ᵴ਄ߩਇ೑ߥ㕙ࠍ㧘ⷞⷡ⊛ⷐ⚛ࠍలታߐߖߚ᭴ㅧൻߦࠃߞߡᦨዊ㒢ߦᛥ߃ ࠆߎߣ߇㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆߣ⸒ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߎߩ․ᓽߪ 20 ᐕએ਄ߦࠊߚߞߡ TEACCH ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔Schopler ࠄ2)_,1995㧕 ߥߤߩਛߢⷰኤߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘⛗ࠞ࡯࠼੤឵ᑼࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦᴺ㧔PECS, Bondy & Frost3)_{, 2001㧕ߥߤߢ߽ᔕ} ↪ߐࠇ㧘ᢎ⢒⊛੺౉ᚻᲑߩ৻ߟߣߒߡ೑↪ߐࠇߡ߈ߚ㧚ᑝἑࠄ4)_{㧔2000㧕ߪ㧘‛ℂ⊛᭴ㅧൻߣⷞⷡൻߥߤ㧘ⷞⷡ⊛} ᚻ߇߆ࠅࠍ᦭ലߦ૶↪ߔࠆߎߣߢ⥄⊒ⴕേࠍଦߔቇ⠌ⅣႺࠍߟߊࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘ߎ ߩ․ᕈߦᔕߓߚᜰዉᴺߣߒߡ࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ࠬ࠻࡯࡝࡯™㧔ࠣ࡟ࠗ5)_{㧘2006㧕ߩ᦭ലᕈ߇␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ࠬ} ࠻࡯࡝࡯™ߪஜᏱఽ߇Ᏹ⼂࡮ᥧ㤩ߩੌ⸃ߣߒߡᣣᏱ↢ᵴߩਛߢ₪ᓧߒߡ޿ࠆ␠ળ⊛ߥᖱႎࠍࠗ࡜ࠬ࠻߿ࠪࡦࡏ࡞ߥ ߤࠍ૶↪ߒߡߢ߈ࠆߛߌ᣿⏕ߢౕ૕⊛ߦឬ౮ߒ㧘ⷞⷡ⊛ߦ␜ߔߚ߼㧘ⷞⷡߦఝ૏ᕈࠍᜬߟᄙߊߩ ASD ఽߩ․ᕈ߇⠨ ᘦߐࠇߚ␠ળᕈᜰዉߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߃ࠆ㧚 ߒ߆ߒ৻ᣇߢ㧘ASD ߩ৻⷗᦭೑ߦ⷗߃ࠆⷞⷡ⊛ߥ⹺⍮⊛ಣℂ․ᕈ߇ᔅߕߒ߽↢ᵴߩਛߢ᦭೑ߦ௛ߊߣߪ⸒߃ߥ޿ ߎߣ߽␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔Happe and Frith6)_{, 2006㧕㧚଀߃߫㧘ASD ఽߩᄙߊ߇ో૕ࠃࠅ߽ዪᚲ⊛ߥⷞⷡಣℂߦࡃࠗࠕ} ࠬࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆߣ⸒ࠊࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘ࠫࠣ࠰࡯ࡄ࠭࡞߿Ⓧᧁᮨ᭽⺖㗴㧘ၒ߼ㄟ߹ࠇߚ࿑ᒻࠍ⷗ߟߌ಴ߔၒᴚ࿑ᒻ⺖㗴ߢ㧘㜞޿ᚑ❣ࠍ਄ߍࠆߎߣ߇⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔e. g., Shah & Frith7)_{, 1993; Koyama, et al.} 8)_{, 2008㧕㧚ߎߩ௑ะߪ㧘Frith}9) 㧔1989㧕ߩ޿߁ਛᨔᕈ⛔วߩᒙߐ㧔Weak Central Coherence: WCC㧕ࠍ෻ᤋߒߡ޿ࠆ଀ߣߒߡណࠅ޽ߍࠄࠇࠆߎ ߣ߇ᄙ޿㧚WCC ߪ㧘ో૕ࠍ⷗ࠆ߆ࠊࠅߦ㧘ㇱಽ⊛ߥ⚦ㇱߦᵈᗧࠍᛄ߁⹺⍮ಣℂߩ৻ᒻᘒߣߒߡቯ⟵ߐࠇࠆ㧚ASD ఽߩᄙߊߪߎߩᒻᑼࠍណ↪ߔࠆߎߣߢ㧘㓝ࠇߚ⛗ࠍࠃࠅ◲නߦ⷗಴ߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈㧘ⷞⷡ⊛ߥ㍲ⷡߩᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌߦߊ ޿৻ᣇߢ㧘ᖱ᥊߿‛⺆ߩో૕ࠍᝒ߃ߡ㧘ߘߩਛ߆ࠄⷐὐࠍ᛽಴ߔࠆߎߣ߇࿎㔍ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧔Frith10)_, 2003㧕㧚߹ߚೝỗߦኻߔࠆᘠࠇ߇↢ߓߦߊ޿ߚ߼ߦ㧘⛮ᰴ⊛ߥೝỗಣℂߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘૗ᐲ߽ᣂᄸೝỗߦኻߔࠆࠃ߁ ߥ෻ᔕࠍ➅ࠅ㄰ߔߎߣ߽⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ․ᕈࠍ⢛᥊ߦ㧘ⷞⷡ⊛᭴ㅧൻߩߺߢߪലᨐ߇಴ߦߊ޿୘೎ߩⴕ േ߿⁁ᴫ߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆߎߣ߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔ౝ↰11)_{㧘2009㧧㜞ᯅ}12)_㧘2008㧕_㧚 ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ㕙ࠍ⠨߃ࠆߣ㧘ታ㓙ߩ↢ᵴ߿ᜰዉߦ㓚ኂ․ᕈࠍ〯߹߃ߚขࠅ⚵ߺࠍขࠅ౉ࠇࠆ㓙ߦߪ㧘න⚐ߦⷞⷡ⊛ ఝ૏ᕈࠍ᦭೑ߥ㕙ߣߒߡណࠅ޽ߍࠆߛߌߢߪߥߊ㧘ASD ఽ৻ੱ߭ߣࠅߩ⊒㆐Ბ㓏߿㓚ኂߐࠇߡ޿ࠆᯏ⢻․ᕈࠍㆡಾ ߦ⹏ଔߔࠆߎߣ߇ਇนᰳߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߘߩࠃ߁ߥ⹏ଔࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪ㧘ASD ో૕ߦ౒ㅢߔࠆ㓚ኂ․ᕈࠍㆡಾߦᝒ ߃ࠆߣߣ߽ߦ㧘⇣ߥࠆ⹺⍮ಣℂ․ᕈࠍ߽ߟ ASD ࠨࡉࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩሽ࿷߽઒ቯߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠅߘ߁ߢ޽ࠆ㧚 ⹺⍮ᯏ⢻ߩၮ⋚ߣߥࠆ␹⚻ࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓࠍ⺞ߴࠆὑߩ↢ℂᔃℂቇ⊛ᜰᮡߣߒߡߪ㧘ᤨ㑆ಽ⸃ߦఝࠇࠆ੐⽎㑐ㅪ⣖㔚 ૏ 㧔Event-Related Brain Potentials : ERP㧕 ߇↪޿ࠄࠇࠆߎߣ߇ᄙ޿㧚ߒ߆ߒ ERP ߩ▚಴ߦߪ㧘ห৻ߩೝỗࠍ ᢙච࿁㨪⊖࿁⒟ᐲߩ➅ࠅ㄰ߒឭ␜ߒߚ㓙ߩ㗡⊹਄⣖ᵄ⸥㍳߇ᔅⷐߣߥࠅ㧘㐳ᤨ㑆ߦࠊߚࠅⵍ㛎⠪߇↹㕙ࠍ⷗⛯ߌߚ ࠅ㧘㖸ߦᵈᗧࠍะߌ⛯ߌࠆ੐߇ⷐ᳞ߐࠇࠆ㧚․ߦ⍮⊛㓚ኂࠍᜬߟሶߤ߽ߚߜߦ㧘ᄙᢙ࿁ߢ㐳ᤨ㑆ߦ෸߱⺖㗴ࠍ⺖ߔ ߎߣߪ੐ታ਄ਇน⢻ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎࠇߦኻߒ㧘ዋߥ޿⹜ⴕߢ߽⹺⍮࡮ㆇേḰ஻ߦ㑐ㅪߒߚ⣖ᵴേߩᄌേࠍᝒ߃ࠆߎߣߩ ߢ߈ࠆᜰᮡߣߒߡ㧘⣖ᵄၮ␆ᓞേߩ੐⽎㑐ㅪᕈᄌേ㧔event related change㧦ERC㧕߇⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ኹ↰ࠄ13) 㧔2001㧕߿㋈ᧁࠄ14)_{㧔2009㧕ߪ㧘㊀∝ᔃり㓚ኂఽߣኻ⽎ఽߪ⇣ߥࠆ߽ߩߩ㧘๭߮߆ߌ߿࿑ᒻೝỗ๒␜ᤨߩ ERC ࠍ} ↪޿ߚ⹺⍮ᯏ⢻⹏ଔࠍታᣉߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘ቴⷰ⊛⹏ଔᜰᮡߣߒߡߩ ERC ߩ᦭ലᕈࠍ␜ߒߟߟ㧘ᜰዉᚻ߇߆ࠅߩᩮ᜚ߣߒ ߡ᦭↪ߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍឭ⿠ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚 ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘ERC ࠍᜰᮡߣߒߡណ↪ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘ߢ߈ࠆߛߌዋߥ޿⹜ⴕ࿁ᢙߢ⍮⊛㓚ኂࠍ઻߁ ASD ఽߩ ⷞⷡ⊛ೝỗߦኻߔࠆᔕ╵․ᕈࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⹜ߺࠆߣߣ߽ߦ㧘Ꮐฝඨ⃿ߩఝ૏ᕈ߇⇣ߥࠆࠨࡉࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߦ߅ߌࠆ ⴕേ․ᕈߩ㆑޿ߣ㧘ASD ఽߦ߅ߌࠆᘠࠇߩ↢ߓ㔍ߐߦߟ޿ߡᬌ⸛ߒߚ㧚

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3

Τ㧚ᣇᴺ

1㧚ኻ⽎ఽ

⥄㐽∝ࠬࡍࠢ࠻࡜ࡓ㓚ኂ㧔ASD㧕⟲ 29 ଀㧔CA㧦4 ᱦ 9 ࡨ᦬-16 ᱦ 9 ࡨ᦬㧘DA㧦1 ᱦ 6 ࡨ᦬-10 ᱦ 8 ࡨ᦬㧕㧘⍮ ⊛㓚ኂ㧔Intellectual Disorder㧦ID㧕⟲ 27 ଀㧔CA㧦6 ᱦ 6 ࡨ᦬-17 ᱦ 11 ࡨ᦬㧘DA㧦1 ᱦ 7 ࡨ᦬-11 ᱦ 8 ࡨ᦬㧕 ߇ታ㛎ߦෳടߒߚ㧚ኻ⽎ఽߩࡊࡠࡈࠖ࡯࡞ࠍ Table 1.ߦ␜ߔ㧚 2㧚ೝỗ᧚ᢱ ᘠൻ࡮⣕ᘠൻ⺖㗴ߢߪ㧘ޟ›ޠߣޟ㝼ޠߩ⛗ࠍⷞⷡ๒␜ೝỗߣߒߚ㧔Fig. 1.㧕㧚㨬›㨭ߩ⛗ࠍᘠൻೝỗ㧘㨬㝼㨭ߩ⛗ࠍ ⣕ᘠൻೝỗߣߒߡ๒␜ߒߚ㧚 3㧚ᚻ⛯߈ ೋ߼ߦ㐽⌒቟㕒ᤨ⣖ᵄࠍ 2 ಽ㑆⸥㍳ߒ㧘ߘߩᓟ㧘ᘠൻ࡮⣕ᘠൻ⹜ⴕㆀⴕᤨߩ⣖ᵄࠍ⸥㍳ߒߚ㧚ᘠൻೝỗࠍ 3 ࿁๒ ␜ߒߚߩߜ㧘⣕ᘠൻೝỗࠍ 1 ࿁๒␜ߒ㧘ߘߩᓟ㧘ౣ߮ᘠൻೝỗࠍ 1 ࿁๒␜ߔࠆߎߣࠍೝỗ࠮࠶࠻ߩන૏ߣߒ㧘›࡮ 㝼࠮࠶࠻એᄖߩ 2 ࠮࠶࠻ߣ╬⏕₸ߦ㧘ฦ࠮࠶࠻⚂ 16 ࿁ࠍ࡜ࡦ࠳ࡓ๒␜ߒߚ㧚ኻ⽎ఽߦߪ↹㕙ਛᄩߩಝⷞὐࠍ⷗ࠆ ੐ߩߺࠍ⺖㗴ߣߔࠆ㧘ฃേ⊛ߥᬌᩏߣߒߚ㧚ೝỗធ⛯ᤨ㑆ߪ 275ms㨪300ms㧘⺖㗴ೝỗ㑆㑆㓒ߪࠝࡈ࠮࠶࠻ߢ 700ms㨪715ms㧘⺖㗴㑆㑆㓒ߪ⚂ 3 ⑽ߣߒ㧘ታ㛎⠪߇ኻ⽎⠪ߩ⁁ᘒࠍⷰኤߒ㧘ᰴߩ⺖㗴ࠍ๒␜น⢻ߣ್ᢿߒߚߣ߈ ߦ㧘ࡏ࠲ࡦ᛼ߒߢ๒␜ߒߚ㧚๒␜↹㕙ߪኻ⽎⠪೨ᣇ 65cm㨪75cm ߦ⸳⟎ߒߚ㧚 4㧚⸥㍳ᣇᴺ ⣖ᵄߪ㧘࿖㓙 10-20 ᴺߦḰߓ㧘Fp1,Fp2,F3,F4,C3,C4,P3,P4,O1,O2,F7,F8,T5,T6 ߩ 14 ㇱ૏߆ࠄฝ⡊᧊ࠍၮ Ḱ㔚ᭂߣߒߡዉ಴ߒߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘⌒⃿ㆇേߣᔃ㔚࿑ߩࡕ࠾࠲࡯ߩߚ߼ߦ㧘ฝ⌒┃਄ਅࠃࠅု⋥⌒㔚࿑ࠍ㧘Ꮐฝ㎮㛽ਛ ὐࠃࠅᔃ㔚࿑ࠍߘࠇߙࠇዉ಴ߒߚ㧚⣖ᵄ⸥㍳ߪ 200Hz ߢ A/D ᄌ឵ߒߚᓟࡄ࡯࠰࠽࡞ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲࡯ߩࡂ࡯࠼࠺ࠖ ࠬࠢߦ⸥㍳ߒߚ㧚 5㧚ಽᨆᣇᴺ ೝỗ๒␜೨ 0.28s ߆ࠄೝỗᓟ 1s ࠍಽᨆ඙㑆ߩන૏ߣߒ㧘150ǍV એ਄ߩ㔚૏ࠍࠕ࡯࠴ࡈࠔࠢ࠻㒰෰ߩၮḰߣߒߡ ߘߩ඙㑆ߪಽᨆኻ⽎߆ࠄ㒰ᄖߒߚ㧚቟㕒ᤨ⣖ᵄߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘1 ඙↹ࠍ 5.12s ߣߒ㧘4 ඙↹ߦߟ޿ߡਛᔃ๟ᵄᢙ±2Hz ߢ envelope ࠍ▚಴ߒߚ㧚ਛᔃ๟ᵄᢙߪ 4Hz,8Hz,12Hz ߣߒߚ㧚ߘࠇߙࠇߩᏪၞߦߟ޿ߡࡄࡢߩᐔဋߣᮡḰ஍Ꮕࠍ ▚಴ߒߚ㧚⺖㗴ㆀⴕᤨߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ೝỗ೨ 0.28s ߆ࠄೝỗᓟ 1s ߩ඙㑆ߦߟ޿ߡਛᔃ๟ᵄᢙ±2Hz ߢ demodulation ᴺߦࠃࠅ envelope ࠍ▚಴ߒߚ㧚⺖㗴ㆀⴕᤨߩ envelope ᵄᒻߦኻߒߡ㧘቟㕒ᤨߩࡄࡢߩᐔဋߣᮡḰ஍Ꮕߦၮߠ޿ߡ ᱜⷙൻߒߚ㧚ᓧࠄࠇߚ envelope ᵄᒻߪೝỗߩ┙ߜ਄߇ࠅᤨ㑆ߢߘࠈ߃㧘ട▚ᐔဋߒߚ㧚ฦട▚࿁ᢙߪ㧘ฦೝỗ 5 ࿁㨪21 ࿁ട▚ᐔဋߒߚ㧚ߘߩᓟ㧘ೝỗ೨ 0.28s ඙㑆ߣೝỗᓟߩฦᤨὐ±0.14s ߣߩ paired-T ୯ࠍ▚಴ߒߚ㧚p㧩0.01 ߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆ t-୯ࠍ⿥߃ߡࡇ࡯ࠢࠍᒻᚑߔࠆᤨὐࠍ ERC ߩࡇ࡯ࠢẜᤨߣߒ㧘ಽᨆߩኻ⽎ߣߒߚ㧚

߹ߚ㧘ಽᨆ඙㑆ߩ⚛࠺࡯࠲ࠍട▚ᐔဋߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ੐⽎㑐ㅪ㔚૏(Event Related Potentials: ERP)ࠍ▚಴ߒ㧘 ERP ᚑಽߣ ERC ߩࡇ࡯ࠢẜᤨߣࠍᲧセߒߚ㧚

(KIᘠൻ࡮⣕ᘠൻ⺖㗴ߢ↪޿ߚೝỗ࿑ᒻ㧚

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⟲ No. ᕈ೎ 㓚ኂ⸻ᢿฬ CA DA ⹺⍮ ⸒⺆ ASD ⟲ 1 ↵ ⥄㐽∝ 16:09 2:05 2:08 1:11 2 ᅚ 16:05 2:05 3:00 1:05 3 ↵ 16:02 7:05 8:05 6:10 4 ↵ 13:00 6:07 8:01 5:04 5 ↵ 12:01 2:08 3:08 1:05 6 ᅚ 10:06 5:03 5:04 5:02 7 ↵ 6:02 2:06 2:05 2:06 8 ↵ 8:07 1:10 1:11 1:01 9 ↵ 11:02 2:05 3:03 1:02 10 ↵ 6:07 1:06 1:05 0:10 11 ↵ 11:01 1:07 1:06 0:10 12 ↵ 14:02 8:00 9:06 7:04 13 ↵ 14:03 3:05 4:10 2:02 14 ᅚ 12:09 7:03 7:09 7:01 15 ↵ 14:11 8:02 8:10 7:10 16 ↵ 13:01 4:10 5:10 4:01 17 ↵ 14:11 7:03 8:10 6:07 18 ↵ 13:07 2:04 3:00 1:07 19 ↵ 13:07 8:09 9:00 8:07 20 ↵ 13:10 2:01 3:00 1:02 21 ↵ 15:00 5:09 6:06 5:01 22 ↵ 10:02 6:06 7:04 6:01 23 ↵ 9:08 2:01 2:02 2:01 24 ᅚ 10:06 2:02 2:07 0:11 25 ↵ 7:06 4:10 6:11 3:01 26 ↵ 㜞ᯏ⢻⥄㐽∝ 11:04 7:06 8:02 7:02 27 ↵ 䉝䉴䊕䊦䉧䊷∝୥⟲ 7:07 6:09 6:08 6:10 28 ↵ 4:09 5:02 5:00 5:04 29 ↵ 7:10 10:08 10:08 10:08 ID ⟲ 30 ↵ ID 17:08 7:10 7:05 8:01 31 ↵ ID 17:07 10:04 10:05 10:02 32 ↵ ID(シᐲ)PDD 䈱⇼䈇 16:07 11:08 12:07 10:08 33 ᅚ ID 17:11 8:03 8:05 8:01 34 ↵ ID 17:09 9:02 7:07 10:08 35 ↵ ID 16:02 5:06 5:07 5:05 36 ↵ ID 15:07 6:06 5:11 6:08 37 ↵ ID 15:07 9:09 9:08 10:04 38 ↵ ID 12:09 7:06 7:03 7:08 39 ↵ ID 8:05 1:07 1:07 1:00 40 ↵ ID 12:04 7:02 7:01 7:03 41 ↵ ID 13:05 7:01 7:11 6:08 42 ↵ ID 12:09 6:08 6:11 6:05 43 ᅚ ID 14:04 2:07 2:10 2:04 44 ᅚ ID 14:02 4:03 4:02 4:05 45 ↵ ID 12:10 8:03 9:06 7:10 46 ᅚ ID䋨シᐲ㔍⡬䋩 11:00 4:04 3:09 4:08 47 ↵ ID 15:11 8:11 9:11 8:03 48 ↵ ID 6:06 3:02 3:05 2:09 49 ᅚ ID 7:02 3:07 3:07 3:05 50 ᅚ ID 12:03 2:02 2:03 1:07 51 ↵ ID 12:05 1:11 2:08 1:02 52 ↵ ID䋨ᒙ㔍⡬䇮⸒⺆ㆃᑧ) 7:07 3:10 5:00 2:08 53 ↵ ID 6:08 2:03 2:03 2:00 54 ᅚ ID䋨⊒㆐ㆃṛ䋩 7:01 2:04 2:02 2:05 55 ᅚ ID 16:03 10:04 11:11 9:05 56 ↵ ID(シᐲ) 16:09 8:07 10:01 7:10 Table 1. ኻ⽎ఽࡊࡠࡈࠖ࡯࡞

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ೝỗ䉶䉾䊃ਛ䈱๒␜૏⟎

1 2 3 4 5 ᐔဋ

ᐔဋ 13.68 13.70 13.88 13.77 13.89 13.78

ᮡḰ஍Ꮕ 2.58 2.45 2.35 2.62 2.29 2.46

㧞㧚⛗ೝỗߦኻߔࠆᄢ⣖ߩᔕ╵ᕈ

Fig. 3.ߦ㧘ASD ⟲ߦ߅ߌࠆ╙ 1 ೝỗ߆ࠄ╙ 5 ೝỗ߹ߢߩฦೝỗߦኻߔࠆ ERC ᵄᒻࠍ㗡⊹਄ㇱ૏Ფߦ␜ߒߚ㧚ࡇ ࡯ࠢẜᤨߪᏀฝ㗡㗂ㇱ㧔P3 㧘P4㧕㧘Ꮐฝᓟ㗡ㇱ㧔O1㧘O2㧕㧘Ꮐฝ஥㗡ㇱ㧔T5㧘T6㧕ߦ߅޿ߡ▚಴ߒߚ㧚଀߃߫ Fig. 3.ߩ T5 ㇱ૏ߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘⿒౞ߢ࿐ߞߚᤨ㑆Ꮺߦ߅ߌࠆߘࠇߙࠇߩᵄᒻߩ㗂ߩᤨὐ߇ࡇ࡯ࠢẜᤨ(140ms)ߣߒߡ▚಴ ߐࠇߚ㧚ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘߹ߕ㧘╙ 1 ೝỗߦኻߔࠆ ERC ᵄᒻߩߺࠍಽᨆኻ⽎ߣߒߚ㧚

㧔1㧕ASD࡮ID ⟲ߩ ERC ࡇ࡯ࠢẜᤨ

Fig.4.ߦ ASD ⟲࡮ID ⟲ߘࠇߙࠇߩ ERC ࡇ࡯ࠢẜᤨࠍᏀฝඨ⃿㑆ߩ㑐ଥߣߒߡ␜ߒߚ㧚 ASD ⟲ߣ ID ⟲ߦ߅ߌ ࠆ P3㧘P4㧘O1㧘O2㧘T5㧘T6 ߩ ERC ࡇ࡯ࠢẜᤨߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ASD࡮ID ⟲㑆ߩ╬ಽᢔᕈߩᬌቯࠍⴕߞߚ⚿ᨐ㧔Table4.㧕㧘 O2㧘T5㧘T6 ߢ᦭ᗧᏅ㧔p<.05㧕߇⹺߼ࠄࠇ㧘O2㧘T5㧘T6 ߢߪ╬ಽᢔᕈ߇઒ቯߢ߈ߕ㧘ASD ⟲ߣ ID ⟲ߢࡇ࡯ࠢ ẜᤨߩಽᢔ߇⇣ߥࠆ㧔Fig.4.ߩᬦ౞࿐ߺ㧕ߎߣ߇␜ߐࠇߚ㧚╬ಽᢔᕈ߇઒ቯߢ߈ߚ P3㧘P4㧘O1 ߩẜᤨߦߟ޿ߡߪ

Fig.3. ASD ⟲ߩ ERC ᵄᒻ੐଀㧔ኻ⽎ఽ 15㧕㧚

Fp1

Fp2

F3

F4

C3

C4

P3

P4

O1

O2

F7

F8

T5

T6

ECG

EOG

GAV

GSD

Fp1

Fp2

F3

F4

C3

C4

P3

P4

O1

O2

F7

F8

T5

T6

ECG

EOG

GAV

GSD

-280 0 1000ms ╙1ೝỗ ╙2ೝỗ ╙3ೝỗ ╙4ೝỗ ╙5ೝỗ Table 3. ASD ⟲ߩ ERC ▚಴ߦ߅ߌࠆട▚࿁ᢙ

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7

৻ర㈩⟎ߩಽᢔಽᨆࠍ㧘╬ಽᢔᕈ߇ᚑࠅ┙ߚߥ޿ O2㧘T5㧘T6 ߩẜᤨߦߟ޿ߡߪ Mann-Whitney ᬌቯࠍⴕߞߚ߇㧘 ASD ⟲ߣ ID ⟲ߩᐔဋẜᤨߦ᦭ᗧᏅߪ⹺߼ࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ㧚

㩷

㪣㪼㫍㪼㫅㪼㩷⛔⸘㊂

⥄↱ᐲ㪈

⥄↱ᐲ㪉

᦭ᗧ⏕₸

ẜᤨ䇭㪧㪊

㪇㪅㪐㪊㪐

㪈

㪊㪍

㪇㪅㪊㪊㪐

ẜᤨ䇭㪧㪋

㪉㪅㪏㪋㪊

㪈

㪋㪇

㪇㪅㪈㪇㪇

ẜᤨ䇭㪦㪈

㪈㪅㪇㪇㪉

㪈

㪊㪐

㪇㪅㪊㪉㪊

ẜᤨ䇭㪦㪉

㪍㪅㪐㪉㪏

㪈

㪊㪎

㪇㪅㪇㪈㪉㪁

ẜᤨ䇭㪫㪌

㪌㪅㪏㪊㪋

㪈

㪋㪋

㪇㪅㪇㪉㪇㪁

ẜᤨ䇭㪫㪍

㪍㪅㪌㪊㪊

㪈

㪋㪈

㪇㪅㪇㪈㪋㪁

㪁㫇䋼㪅㪇㪌

ms ms ASD MR٤ࠕࠬࡍ࡞ࠟ࡯∝୥⟲

ID

ASD

Fig.4. ERC ࡇ࡯ࠢẜᤨߦ߅ߌࠆᏀฝඨ⃿㑆ߩ㑐ଥ㧚 Table 4. ਔ⟲ߩẜᤨߦ߅ߌࠆಽᢔߩᲧセ㧔╬ಽᢔᕈߩᬌቯ㧕 166 ߦ߅޿ߡ╬ಽᢔᕈ߇઒ቯߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘ߎࠇࠄߩㇱ૏ߢߪ #5& ⟲ߣ +& ⟲ߢ '4% ࡇ࡯ࠢẜᤨߩࡃ࡜ߟ߈ߦᏅ߇޽ࠆߎߣ߇␜ߐࠇߚ㧚 T5, T6 ߩ㑐ଥࠍ␜ߔਛᲑߩᬦ౞࿐ߺߪ㧘ASD ⟲ߣ ID ⟲ߢẜᤨߩࡃ࡜ߟ߈ߩ௑ะߦ㆑޿߇޽ࠆߎ ߣ㧔╬ಽᢔᕈ߇઒ቯߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚ㧕ࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ASD ⟲ߪ ID ⟲ߦᲧߴߡᏀඨ⃿㧔T5㧕ߦ߅޿ ߡಽᢔ߇ᄢ߈ߊ㧘ㅒߦฝඨ⃿㧔T6㧕ߦ߅ߌࠆಽᢔߪዊߐ߆ߞߚ㧚

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㧔2㧕ASD ⟲ߩࠨࡉࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩⴕേ․ᓽ

ASD ⟲ౝߩẜᤨߩಽᏓࠃࠅ㧘ASD ⟲ౝࠍΣ㨪Φߩࠨࡉࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߦಽߌߚ㧔Fig.5.㧕㧚ASD ⟲ߩΣ㨪Φ⟲ߩⴕേ․ ᓽߦߟ޿ߡ Mann-Whitney ᬌቯ㧔Table 5-1㧕㧘ᬌᩏ㗄⋡ߩᐕ㦂߇ੑ୯ߩ႐วߪǿ2_{⁛┙ᕈߩᬌቯ㧔Table 5-2㧕ࠍ} ⴕߞߚ㧚ߘߩ⚿ᨐ㧘ާ࠻࡜࠶ࠢߩᮨ୮ިߪ㧘Σ⟲ߣΥ⟲㧔ǿ2_{㧔1㧕=2.864,.05㧨p㧨.10㧕}_{㧘Τ⟲ߣΥ⟲㧔ǿ}2_{㧔1㧕=2.933,.05} 㧨p㧨.10㧕㧘Υ⟲ߣΦ⟲㧔ǿ2_{㧔1㧕=2.933, .05㧨p㧨.10㧕ߦ߅޿ߡ᦭ᗧ௑ะ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ㧚Υ⟲߇ઁߩ⟲ߦᲧߴߡ} ㅢㆊߒߡ޿ࠆࠤ࡯ࠬ߇ᄙ߆ߞߚ㧚ާ㐷ߩᮨ୮ިߪ㧘Σ⟲ߣΥ⟲㧔ਔ஥ᬌቯ㧦U=12.0, .05㧨p㧨.10㧕ߦ߅޿ߡ᦭ᗧ௑ ะ㧘Υ⟲ߣΦ⟲㧔ਔ஥ᬌቯ㧦U=6.0, p㧨.05㧕ߦ߅޿ߡ᦭ᗧߥᏅ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ㧚Υ⟲߇Σ࡮Φ⟲ߦᲧߴᚑ❣߇⦟߆ߞ ߚ㧚ާ࿑ᒻ⸥ᙘިߪ㧘Σ⟲ߣΥ⟲㧔ਔ஥ᬌቯ㧦U=13.5, .05㧨p㧨.10㧕ߦ߅޿ߡ᦭ᗧ௑ะ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ㧚Υ⟲߇Σ⟲ ߦᲧߴᚑ❣߇⦟߆ߞߚ㧚ާ⺆ߩᏅ⇣ިߪ㧘Υ⟲ߣΦ⟲㧔ǿ2_{㧔1㧕=2.933, .05㧨p㧨.10㧕}_{㧘Σ⟲ߣΦ⟲㧔ǿ}2_{㧔1㧕=3.782, .05} 㧨p㧨.10㧕ߦ߅޿ߡ᦭ᗧ௑ะ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ㧚Σ࡮Υ⟲ߪΦ⟲ߦᲧߴᧂㅢㆊߢ޽ࠆࠤ࡯ࠬ߇ᄙ߆ߞߚ㧚Ꮐ஥㗡ㇱߢ ERC ࡇ࡯ࠢẜᤨߩᣧ޿Υ⟲ߪ㧘ާ࠻࡜࠶ࠢߩᮨ୮ި㧘ާ㐷ߩᮨ୮ި㧘ާ࿑ᒻ⸥ᙘިߢᚑ❣߇㜞߆ߞߚ㧚

㪧㪛㪛

㪇㪌㪇㪈㪇㪇㪈㪌㪇㪉㪇㪇㪉㪌㪇㪊㪇㪇㪊㪌㪇㪇㪌㪇㪈㪇㪇㪈㪌㪇㪉㪇㪇㪉㪌㪇㪊㪇㪇㪊㪌㪇㪫㪍㪫㪌㸇㸈㸉㸊䃂⥄㐽∝ 䂾䉝䉴䊕䊦䉧䊷∝୥⟲ 㸇㪥㪔㪏㸈㪥㪔㪌㸉㪥㪔㪍㸊㪥㪔㪌㫄㫊䉫䊦䊷䊒㪈䉫䊦䊷䊒㪉䉫䊦䊷䊒㪈䉫䊦䊷䊒㪉䉫䊦䊷䊒㪈䉫䊦䊷䊒㪉䉫䊦䊷䊒㪈䉫䊦䊷䊒㪉㐷䈱ᮨ୮ 㸇㸉㪊㪍㪅㪎㪌㪋㪉㪅㪇㪇㪌㪅㪐㪋㪍㪇㪅㪇㪇㪇㪍㪅㪇㪇㪐㪅㪌㪇㪋㪏㪅㪇㪇㪌㪎㪅㪇㪇㪇㪅㪇㪌㪈㩷㵴㸉㸊㪋㪉㪅㪇㪇㪊㪍㪅㪇㪇㪇㪅㪇㪇㪇㪍㪅㪇㪇㪇㪎㪅㪌㪇㪋㪅㪉㪇㪋㪌㪅㪇㪇㪉㪈㪅㪇㪇㪇㪅㪇㪊㪍㪁 ࿑ᒻ⸥ᙘ 㸇㸉㪍㪋㪅㪌㪇㪐㪏㪅㪇㪇㪈㪉㪅㪎㪉㪏㪋㪉㪅㪌㪊㪐㪍㪅㪈㪐㪐㪅㪉㪌㪋㪐㪅㪌㪇㪌㪌㪅㪌㪇㪇㪅㪇㪏㪐㩷㵴㵴㪅㪇㪌䋼㫇䋼㪅㪈㪇䇮㪁㫇䋼㪅㪇㪌 ᦭ᗧ⏕₸ ᐔဋ୯ ᮡḰ஍Ꮕ ⺖㗴䉫䊦䊷䊒㪈䉫䊦䊷䊒㪉 ᐔဋ䊤䊮䉪㗅૏๺ 㸇㸉 ᦭ᗧ⏕₸ 䊃䊤䉾䉪䈱ᮨ୮ ᧂㅢㆊ 㪊㪇㪇㪅㪇㪐㪈㩷㵴 ㅢㆊ 㪌㪍㸈㸉 ᦭ᗧ⏕₸ 䊃䊤䉾䉪䈱ᮨ୮ ᧂㅢㆊ 㪉㪇㪇㪅㪇㪏㪎㩷㵴 ㅢㆊ 㪊㪍㸉㸊 ᦭ᗧ⏕₸ 䊃䊤䉾䉪䈱ᮨ୮ ᧂㅢㆊ 㪇㪉㪇㪅㪇㪏㪎㩷㵴 ㅢㆊ 㪍㪊⺆䈱Ꮕ⇣ ᧂㅢㆊ 㪍㪊㪇㪅㪇㪏㪎㩷㵴 ㅢㆊ 㪇㪉㸇㸊 ᦭ᗧ⏕₸ ⺆䈱Ꮕ⇣ ᧂㅢㆊ 㪏㪊㪇㪅㪇㪌㪉㩷㵴 ㅢㆊ 㪇㪉㵴㪅㪇㪌䋼㫇䋼㪅㪈㪇

Fig.5. ASD ⟲ߩ ERC ࡇ࡯ࠢẜᤨᏪߦࠃࠆࠨࡉࠣ࡞࡯ࡊಽߌ㧚 Table 5-1. ASD ࠨࡉࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ㑆ߦ߅ߌࠆ⺖㗴ᚑ❣ߩᏅ⇣ 1 Mann-Whitney ᬌቯߦࠃࠆ Table 5-2. ASD ࠨࡉࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ㑆ߦ߅ߌࠆ⺖㗴ᚑ❣ߩᏅ⇣ 2 ᧄ⴫ߩᬌᩏ㗄⋡ߪᐕ㦂⸳ቯ߇ੑ୯ߩ㗄⋡ߢ޽ߞߚߚ߼㧘 Mann-Whitney ᬌቯߪㆡ↪ߢ߈ߕ㧘ǿ2_{⁛┙ᕈߩᬌቯߦࠃߞߚ㧚}

ASD

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(10)

ᘠൻ ⣕ᘠൻ ᘠൻ ⣕ᘠൻ 㪟㪄㪈䂾䂾䂾䂾㪟㪄㪉䂾䂾䂾㬍㪟㪄㪊䂾䂾㬍䂾㪟㪄㪋䂾䂾㬍㬍㪟㪄㪌䂾㬍䂾䂾㪟㪄㪍䂾㬍䂾㬍㪟㪄㪎䂾㬍㬍䂾㪟㪄㪏䂾㬍㬍㬍㪟㪄㪐㬍䂾䂾䂾㪟㪄㪈㪇㬍䂾䂾㬍㪟㪄㪈㪈㬍䂾㬍䂾㪟㪄㪈㪉㬍䂾㬍㬍㪟㪄㪈㪊㬍㬍䂾䂾㪟㪄㪈㪋㬍㬍䂾㬍㪟㪄㪈㪌㬍㬍㬍䂾㪟㪄㪈㪍㬍㬍㬍㬍㪫㪌㪫㪍䊌䉺䊷䊮 Table 7.ߪ ID ⟲ߣ ASD ⟲ߩ T5࡮T6 ߦ߅ߌࠆᘠൻ࡮⣕ᘠൻߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ࡄ࠲ࡦಽߌࠍⴕ޿㧘ฦ⟲ߦ߅޿ߡ⹺⍮࡮ ㆡᔕ㗔ၞߩᐕ㦂㧘⸒⺆࡮␠ળ㗔ၞߩᐕ㦂߇㜞޿㗅ߦਗߴߡ␜ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚ID ⟲ߪ T5 ߩ⣕ᘠൻ߇↢ߓߕ T6 ߩ ⣕ᘠൻ߇↢ߓࠆާ٤ި⟲ߩ⊒㆐ᐕ㦂߇㜞߆ߞߚ㧔Table 7-1.㧕㧚 ASD ⟲ߪਔ஥ߣ߽⣕ᘠൻ߇↢ߓࠆާ٤٤ި⟲ߩ ⊒㆐ᐕ㦂߇㜞߆ߞߚ㧔Table 7-2.㧕㧚㪤㪩 ⹺⍮ㆡᔕ䈮䉋䉎䊌䉺䊷䊮ಽ䈔㪤㪩 ⸒⺆␠ળ䈮䉋䉎䊌䉺䊷䊮ಽ䈔 ᘠൻ ⣕ᘠൻ ᘠൻ ⣕ᘠൻ ᘠൻ ⣕ᘠൻ ᘠൻ ⣕ᘠൻ 㪟㪄㪌䂾㬍䂾䂾㪈㪈㪉㪈㪟㪄㪎䂾㬍㬍䂾㪈㪈㪉㪋㪟㪄㪍䂾㬍䂾㬍㪈㪈㪈㪐㪟㪄㪍䂾㬍䂾㬍㪈㪐㪐㪟㪄㪎䂾㬍㬍䂾㪈㪈㪈㪍㪟㪄㪌䂾㬍䂾䂾㪈㪐㪋㪟㪄㪈㪋㬍㬍䂾㬍㪈㪈㪈㪋㪟㪄㪈㪋㬍㬍䂾㬍㪈㪐㪋㪟㪄㪈䂾䂾䂾䂾㪉㪐㪏㪟㪄㪈㪌㬍㬍㬍䂾㪌㪐㪈㪅㪋㪟㪄㪈㪌㬍㬍㬍䂾㪌㪐㪉㪅㪍㪟㪄㪈䂾䂾䂾䂾㪉㪏㪏㪅㪌㪟㪄㪊䂾䂾㬍䂾㪉㪎㪐㪅㪌㪟㪄㪊䂾䂾㬍䂾㪉㪎㪌㪟㪄㪈㪈㬍䂾㬍䂾㪊㪍㪎㪟㪄㪈㪈㬍䂾㬍䂾㪊㪎㪋㪅㪍㪍㪍㪍㪎㪟㪄㪈㪍㬍㬍㬍㬍㪏㪌㪏㪅㪎㪌㪟㪄㪈㪍㬍㬍㬍㬍㪏㪌㪇㪟㪄㪐㬍䂾䂾䂾㪉㪊㪏㪅㪌㪟㪄㪐㬍䂾䂾䂾㪉㪊㪌㪟㪄㪈㪉㬍䂾㬍㬍㪈㪉㪍㪟㪄㪈㪉㬍䂾㬍㬍㪈㪉㪐㪟㪄㪉䂾䂾䂾㬍㪇㪟㪄㪉䂾䂾䂾㬍㪇㪟㪄㪋䂾䂾㬍㬍㪇㪟㪄㪋䂾䂾㬍㬍㪇㪟㪄㪏䂾㬍㬍㬍㪇㪟㪄㪏䂾㬍㬍㬍㪇㪟㪄㪈㪇㬍䂾䂾㬍㪇㪟㪄㪈㪇㬍䂾䂾㬍㪇㪟㪄㪈㪊㬍㬍䂾䂾㪇㪟㪄㪈㪊㬍㬍䂾䂾㪇 ⸒⺆␠ળ 㪥㪫㪌㪫㪍䊌䉺䊷䊮㪫㪌㪫㪍㪥 ⹺⍮ㆡᔕ 䊌䉺䊷䊮㪧㪛㪛 ⹺⍮ㆡᔕ䈮䉋䉎䊌䉺䊷䊮ಽ䈔㪧㪛㪛 ⸒⺆␠ળ䈮䉋䉎䊌䉺䊷䊮ಽ䈔 ᘠൻ ⣕ᘠൻ ᘠൻ ⣕ᘠൻ ᘠൻ ⣕ᘠൻ ᘠൻ ⣕ᘠൻ 㪟㪄㪈㪇㬍䂾䂾㬍㪈㪈㪈㪋㪟㪄㪈㪇㬍䂾䂾㬍㪈㪏㪏㪟㪄㪈㪈㬍䂾㬍䂾㪋㪐㪇㪅㪌㪟㪄㪈㪈㬍䂾㬍䂾㪋㪎㪌㪅㪉㪌㪟㪄㪊䂾䂾㬍䂾㪋㪏㪊㪟㪄㪊䂾䂾㬍䂾㪋㪍㪏㪅㪌㪟㪄㪏䂾㬍㬍㬍㪈㪏㪊㪟㪄㪈㪊㬍㬍䂾䂾㪉㪍㪊㪟㪄㪈䂾䂾䂾䂾㪋㪍㪋㪅㪉㪌㪟㪄㪈㪋㬍㬍䂾㬍㪉㪌㪌㪟㪄㪈㪊㬍㬍䂾䂾㪉㪍㪉㪟㪄㪈䂾䂾䂾䂾㪋㪋㪍㪅㪉㪌㪟㪄㪈㪋㬍㬍䂾㬍㪉㪌㪐㪅㪌㪟㪄㪈㪌㬍㬍㬍䂾㪊㪊㪎㪅㪍㪍㪍㪍㪎㪟㪄㪈㪌㬍㬍㬍䂾㪊㪌㪋㪅㪊㪊㪊㪊㪊㪟㪄㪏䂾㬍㬍㬍㪈㪊㪎㪟㪄㪈㪍㬍㬍㬍㬍㪌㪌㪇㪅㪍㪟㪄㪈㪍㬍㬍㬍㬍㪌㪊㪊㪅㪍㪟㪄㪌䂾㬍䂾䂾㪈㪊㪉㪟㪄㪋䂾䂾㬍㬍㪈㪊㪇㪟㪄㪈㪉㬍䂾㬍㬍㪈㪊㪈㪟㪄㪌䂾㬍䂾䂾㪈㪉㪊㪟㪄㪋䂾䂾㬍㬍㪈㪉㪐㪟㪄㪈㪉㬍䂾㬍㬍㪈㪈㪈㪟㪄㪉䂾䂾䂾㬍㪇㪟㪄㪉䂾䂾䂾㬍㪇㪟㪄㪍䂾㬍䂾㬍㪇㪟㪄㪍䂾㬍䂾㬍㪇㪟㪄㪎䂾㬍㬍䂾㪇㪟㪄㪎䂾㬍㬍䂾㪇㪟㪄㪐㬍䂾䂾䂾㪇㪟㪄㪐㬍䂾䂾䂾㪇 ⸒⺆␠ળ 㪥㪫㪌㪫㪍䊌䉺䊷䊮㪫㪌㪫㪍㪥 ⹺⍮ㆡᔕ 䊌䉺䊷䊮 Table 6. Ꮐฝ஥㗡ㇱߦ߅ߌࠆᘠൻ࡮⣕ᘠൻ ٤㧦↢⿠㧘㧦↢⿠ߖߕ Table 7-1. ID ⟲ߩ⊒㆐ᐕ㦂ߦࠃࠆᘠൻ࡮⣕ᘠൻࡄ࠲ࡦ Table 7-2. ASD ⟲ߩ⊒㆐ᐕ㦂ߦࠃࠆᘠൻ࡮⣕ᘠൻࡄ࠲ࡦ

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11 㪤㪩

㪇㪉㪇㪋㪇㪍㪇㪏㪇㪈㪇㪇㪈㪉㪇㪈㪋㪇 ⸒ ⺆ ␠ ળ 䂺䋺㪛㪄㪙䂓䋺㪛㪄㪣䂥䋺㪛㪄㪩㬍䋺㪛㪄㪥䊰᦬

㪧㪛㪛

㪇㪉㪇㪋㪇㪍㪇㪏㪇㪈㪇㪇㪈㪉㪇㪈㪋㪇 ⸒ ⺆ ␠ ળ 䊰᦬

ASD

ID

ߎߎߢ T5࡮T6 ਔ஥ߢ⣕ᘠൻ߇↢ߓࠆާ٤٤ި⟲ࠍ D-B ⟲㧘T5 ߢ⣕ᘠൻ߇↢ߓ T6 ߢ⣕ᘠൻ߇↢ߓߥ޿ާ٤ި ⟲ࠍ D-L ⟲㧘T5 ߢ⣕ᘠൻ߇↢ߓߕ T6 ߢ⣕ᘠൻ߇↢ߓࠆާ٤ި⟲ࠍ D-R ⟲㧘T5࡮T6 ਔ஥ߩ⣕ᘠൻ߇↢ߓߥ޿ާި ⟲ࠍ D-N ⟲ߣߒߚ㧚⸒⺆࡮␠ળ㗔ၞߩᐕ㦂ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ID ⟲ߪ D-R ⟲߇ో૕⊛ߦ㜞ߊ㧘ASD ⟲ߪ D-B ⟲߇ో૕⊛ ߦ㜞߆ߞߚ㧚ฦ⟲ߩ⸒⺆࡮␠ળ㗔ၞߩᐕ㦂ߩਛᄩ୯ߪ㧘ID ⟲ߩ D-B ⟲ߪ 77 ࡨ᦬㧘D-L ⟲ߪ 29 ࡨ᦬㧘D-R ⟲ߪ 94 ࡨ᦬㧘D-N ⟲ߪ 47 ࡨ᦬ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ASD ⟲ߩ D-B ⟲ߪ 71.5 ࡨ᦬㧘D-L ⟲ߪ 30 ࡨ᦬㧘D-R ⟲ߪ 42.5 ࡨ᦬㧘D-N ⟲ߪ 31 ࡨ᦬ߢ޽ߞߚ㧔Fig. 7.㧕㧚䉫䊦䊷䊒㪈䉫䊦䊷䊒㪉䉫䊦䊷䊒㪈䉫䊦䊷䊒㪉䉫䊦䊷䊒㪈䉫䊦䊷䊒㪉䉫䊦䊷䊒㪈䉫䊦䊷䊒㪉㐷䈱ᮨ୮ 㪊㪍㪅㪍㪎㪋㪉㪅㪇㪇㪍㪅㪊㪉㪇㪅㪇㪇㪍㪅㪐㪋㪈㪇㪅㪌㪇㪍㪉㪅㪌㪇㪎㪊㪅㪌㪇㪇㪅㪇㪋㪐㪁 ੌ⸃ 㪋㪌㪅㪇㪇㪍㪇㪅㪇㪇㪈㪋㪅㪋㪎㪇㪅㪇㪇㪍㪅㪈㪎㪈㪈㪅㪌㪇㪌㪌㪅㪌㪇㪏㪇㪅㪌㪇㪇㪅㪇㪈㪇㪁 ᢥ┨ᢛℂ 㪍㪍㪅㪍㪎㪏㪌㪅㪎㪈㪈㪊㪅㪌㪍㪈㪉㪅㪏㪊㪍㪅㪉㪏㪈㪈㪅㪊㪍㪌㪍㪅㪌㪇㪎㪐㪅㪌㪇㪇㪅㪇㪉㪈㪁 ᓳ໒ 㪊㪏㪅㪇㪇㪎㪊㪅㪎㪈㪉㪈㪅㪋㪉㪉㪍㪅㪐㪐㪍㪅㪇㪇㪈㪈㪅㪎㪈㪌㪋㪅㪇㪇㪏㪉㪅㪇㪇㪇㪅㪇㪈㪋㪁㪛㪄㪙㪛㪄㪥㪚㪘㪈㪎㪉㪅㪌㪍㪈㪉㪐㪅㪐㪇㪊㪉㪅㪈㪏㪋㪎㪅㪊㪉㪈㪉㪅㪉㪏㪎㪅㪐㪌㪈㪈㪇㪅㪌㪇㪎㪐㪅㪌㪇㪇㪅㪇㪐㪋㵴㪚㪘㪈㪏㪐㪅㪎㪈㪈㪉㪐㪅㪐㪇㪉㪇㪅㪊㪋㪋㪎㪅㪊㪉㪈㪉㪅㪌㪎㪍㪅㪌㪇㪏㪏㪅㪇㪇㪍㪌㪅㪇㪇㪇㪅㪇㪈㪌㪁㪛㪘㪐㪎㪅㪎㪈㪍㪋㪅㪋㪇㪉㪋㪅㪐㪋㪊㪎㪅㪇㪌㪈㪈㪅㪋㪊㪎㪅㪊㪇㪏㪇㪅㪇㪇㪎㪊㪅㪇㪇㪇㪅㪇㪐㪎㵴 ⹺⍮䊶ㆡᔕ 㪈㪇㪇㪅㪇㪇㪎㪇㪅㪊㪇㪊㪇㪅㪋㪏㪋㪉㪅㪎㪏㪈㪈㪅㪋㪊㪎㪅㪊㪇㪏㪇㪅㪇㪇㪎㪊㪅㪇㪇㪇㪅㪇㪐㪎㵴 ⸒⺆䊶␠ળ 㪐㪍㪅㪋㪊㪌㪐㪅㪊㪇㪉㪉㪅㪎㪎㪊㪍㪅㪌㪍㪈㪈㪅㪍㪋㪎㪅㪈㪌㪏㪈㪅㪌㪇㪎㪈㪅㪌㪇㪇㪅㪇㪎㪈㵴 ᒻ䈱ᑯ೎ 㪊㪍㪅㪇㪇㪊㪇㪅㪇㪇㪇㪅㪇㪇㪍㪅㪐㪊㪈㪈㪅㪌㪇㪎㪅㪉㪌㪏㪇㪅㪌㪇㪎㪉㪅㪌㪇㪇㪅㪇㪊㪊㪁 ᮨ᭽᭴ᚑ 㪎㪐㪅㪎㪈㪌㪌㪅㪏㪇㪈㪎㪅㪐㪇㪉㪐㪅㪌㪋㪈㪈㪅㪌㪇㪎㪅㪉㪌㪏㪇㪅㪌㪇㪎㪉㪅㪌㪇㪇㪅㪇㪏㪇㵴 Ⓧᧁณ䈐㪐㪉㪅㪌㪎㪍㪇㪅㪍㪇㪋㪋㪅㪇㪎㪋㪌㪅㪌㪍㪈㪈㪅㪌㪇㪎㪅㪉㪌㪏㪇㪅㪌㪇㪎㪉㪅㪌㪇㪇㪅㪇㪏㪈㵴 ੌ⸃ 㪍㪇㪅㪇㪇㪋㪊㪅㪉㪇㪇㪅㪇㪇㪈㪌㪅㪏㪉㪈㪉㪅㪇㪇㪍㪅㪐㪇㪏㪋㪅㪇㪇㪍㪐㪅㪇㪇㪇㪅㪇㪈㪍㪁 ᢥ┨ᢛℂ 㪏㪌㪅㪎㪈㪎㪉㪅㪇㪇㪈㪉㪅㪏㪊㪈㪍㪅㪇㪇㪈㪈㪅㪉㪐㪎㪅㪋㪇㪎㪐㪅㪇㪇㪎㪋㪅㪇㪇㪇㪅㪇㪐㪍㵴 ᓳ໒ 㪎㪊㪅㪎㪈㪋㪈㪅㪋㪇㪉㪍㪅㪐㪐㪉㪉㪅㪏㪏㪈㪉㪅㪉㪈㪍㪅㪎㪌㪏㪌㪅㪌㪇㪍㪎㪅㪌㪇㪇㪅㪇㪉㪊㪁㵴㪅㪇㪌䋼㫇䋼㪅㪈㪇䇮㪁㫇䋼㪅㪇㪌 ᦭ᗧ⏕₸ 㗄⋡ 䉫䊦䊷䊒㪈䉫䊦䊷䊒㪉 ᐔဋ୯ ᮡḰ஍Ꮕ 㪛㪄㪩㪛㪄㪥 ᐔဋ䊤䊮䉪㗅૏๺ 㪛㪄㪙㪛㪄㪩 㧔1㧕ID ⟲ߩⴕേ․ᓽ ID ⟲ߩ D-B㧘D-R㧘D-N ⟲ߩⴕേ․ᓽߦߟ޿ߡ㧘Mann-Whitney ᬌቯࠍⴕߞߚ⚿ᨐࠍ Table8-1.ߦ␜ߔ㧚ᬌᩏ 㗄⋡ߩᐕ㦂߇ੑ୯ߩ႐วߪǿ2_{⁛┙ᕈߩᬌቯࠍⴕߞߚ㧚D-L ⟲ߪኻ⽎ఽ߇ዋߥ޿ߚ߼ᬌቯࠍⴕࠊߥ߆ߞߚ㧚ߘߩ⚿ᨐ㧘} D-B ⟲ߣ D-R ⟲ߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘ާ㐷ߩᮨ୮ި㧔ਔ஥ᬌቯ㧦U=17.5,p㧨.05㧕㧘ާੌ⸃ި㧔ਔ஥ᬌቯ㧦U=10.5,p㧨.05㧕㧘ާᢥ ┨ᢛℂި㧔ਔ஥ᬌቯ㧦U=11.5,p㧨.05㧕㧘ާᓳ໒ި㧔ਔ஥ᬌቯ㧦U=9.0,p㧨.05㧕ߦ᦭ᗧߥᏅ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ㧚D-R ⟲ߪ D-B ⟲ߦᲧߴ㧘ᚑ❣ߩ⋧ᒰᐕ㦂߇㜞߆ߞߚ㧚D-B ⟲ߣ D-N ⟲ߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘ާCAި㧔ਔ஥ᬌቯ㧦U=24.5,.05㧨p㧨.10㧕 ߦ᦭ᗧ௑ะ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ㧚D-B ⟲ߪ D-N ⟲ߦᲧߴ㧘↢ᵴᐕ㦂߇㜞߆ߞߚ㧚D-R ⟲ߣ D-N ⟲ߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘ާCAި㧔ਔ ஥ᬌቯ㧦U=10.0,p㧨.05㧕㧘ާᒻߩᑯ೎ި㧔ਔ஥ᬌቯ㧦U=17.5,p㧨.05㧕㧘ާੌ⸃ި㧔ਔ஥ᬌቯ㧦U=14.0,p㧨.05㧕㧘ާᓳ

Fig.7. ⸒⺆␠ળ㗔ၞߦࠃࠆࠨࡉࠣ࡞࡯ࡊಽߌ㧚

T5࡮T6 ਔ஥ߢ⣕ᘠൻ߇↢ߓࠆާ٤٤ި⟲ࠍ D-B ⟲㧘T5 ߢ⣕ᘠൻ߇↢ߓ T6 ߢ⣕ᘠൻ߇↢ߓߥ޿ާ٤ި⟲ࠍ D-L ⟲㧘T5 ߢ⣕ᘠൻ߇↢ߓߕT6 ߢ⣕ᘠൻ߇↢ߓࠆާ٤ި⟲ࠍ D-R ⟲㧘T5࡮T6 ਔ஥ߩ⣕ᘠൻ߇↢ߓߥ޿ާި⟲ࠍ D-N ⟲ߣߒߚ㧚

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Sutton ࠄ16)_{㧔2005㧕ߪ㧘㜞ᯏ⢻⥄㐽∝ఽߩ቟㕒ᤨ⣖ᵄၮ␆ᓞേ߆ࠄ㧘ASD ߦߪᏀฝඨ⃿ߩఝ૏ᕈ߇⇣ߥࠆࠨࡉࠣ} ࡞࡯ࡊ߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒ㧘ߘߩࠃ߁ߥ․ᓽࠍታ⸽⊛ߦᝒ߃ࠆ੐ߦࠃߞߡ୘ޘߦᔕߓߚㆡಾߥ੺౉ࠍᎿᄦߔࠆߎ ߣߩ㊀ⷐᕈࠍᒝ⺞ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ᧄ⎇ⓥߪ㧘ⴕേ․ᕈߣߩ㑐ㅪߪࠃࠅᘕ㊀ߥ⸃㉼߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ߽ߩߩ㧘 Sutton ࠄߩ␜ߒߚᏀฝඨ⃿ߩఝ૏ᕈ߇⇣ߥࠆࠨࡉࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩሽ࿷ࠍᡰᜬߔࠆ⚿ᨐߢ޽ࠆߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁㧚 3㧚ೝỗߩ෻ᓳ๒␜ߦኻߔࠆᘠൻ࡮⣕ᘠൻ ID ⟲ߢߪᏀ஥㗡ㇱߢ⣕ᘠൻ߇↢ߓߥ޿⟲㧔D-R ⟲㧕ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘⸒⺆࡮␠ળ㗔ၞߩ⊒㆐ᐕ㦂㧔DA㧕߇㜞߆ߞߚ㧚 ৻ᣇߢ㧘ASD ⟲ߢߪ㧘ਔ஥ߣ߽⣕ᘠൻ߇↢ߓࠆ⟲㧔D-B ⟲㧕ߢ⸒⺆࡮␠ળ㗔ၞߩᐕ㦂߇㜞߆ߞߚ㧚ߎߩߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘 ID ߩ D-R ⟲ߢߪዪᚲ⊛ⷡ㉕ᐲ߇ૐ޿߹߹ߢ߽㧘ೝỗಣℂ߇ଦㅴߐࠇࠆ⒟ᐲߦല₸ൻ߇ㅴࠎߢ޿ࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆ߇㧘 ASD ߩ D-B ⟲ߢߪೝỗࠍ෻ᓳ๒␜ߒߡ߽ᘠࠇ߇↢ߓߕ㧘૗ᐲ߽หߓಣℂࠍ➅ࠅ㄰ߔ㕖ല₸ߐࠍᜬߟߎߣ߇␜ໂߐࠇ ߚ㧚 ASD ߩ D-B ⟲ߩ⸒⺆࡮␠ળ㗔ၞ DA ߩਛᄩ୯ߪ 71.5 ࡨ᦬ߣ᳿ߒߡૐߊߥ޿߇㧘ല₸ൻ߇ㅴࠎߢ޿ߥ޿ߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘 ⸒⺆ಣℂߦࠃࠆ⽶⩄߇ᄢ߈޿ߚ߼ዪᚲ⊛ⷡ㉕ᐲ߇ਅ߇ࠄߥ޿ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆߚ߼㧘ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬࠍシᷫߔࠆߚ߼ߦ߽ⷞⷡ ⊛ᚻ߇߆ࠅࠍ↪޿ߚᡰេ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘ਔ஥ߣ߽ߦⷡ㉕ᐲ߇㜞޿ߚ߼㧘ᒻᘒᕈಣℂߦ㑐ࠊࠆᖱ ႎߣ⸒⺆ᕈಣℂߦ㑐ࠊࠆᖱႎࠍᏀฝඨ⃿㑆ߢ߿ࠅขࠅߔࠆߚ߼ߩḰ஻⁁ᘒߪචಽߦ↪ᗧߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣផ᷹ߐࠇࠆ߇㧘 WCC ߿೨㗡⪲ߩ⛔วߩᒙߐ㧔Ozonoff17)_{,1995㧕ߪ ASD ో૕ߦ౒ㅢߔࠆ㓚ኂ․ᕈߢ޽ࠆߚ߼㧘ⷞⷡ࡮⸒⺆ߩਔᣇ} ߩᚻ߇߆ࠅ๒␜ߪ߆߃ߞߡᷙੂࠍ᜗ߊน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆ㧚ߎߩࠃ߁ߥࠨࡉࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩ ASD ఽߦߪ㧘ⷞⷡ⊛ᚻ߇߆ࠅ߇න ૕ߢ๒␜ߐࠇߚᣇ߇㧘⽶⩄߽ዋߥߊ⷗ㅢߒࠍᜬߞߡ↢ᵴߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆน⢻ᕈ߇㜞޿㧚 ASD ߩᏀ஥㗡ㇱߢ⣕ᘠൻ߇↢ߓߥ޿⟲㧔D-R ⟲㧕ߢߪ㧘⸒⺆࡮␠ળ㗔ၞ DA ߇ૐ߆ߞߚ㧚⸒⺆ಣℂߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆ㗔 ၞߩዪᚲ⊛ⷡ㉕ᐲ߇ૐ޿߹߹ߢ޽ࠅ㧘⸒⺆ಣℂ߇චಽߥߐࠇࠆḰ஻⁁ᘒ߇߹ߛߢ߈ߡ޿ߥ޿ࠨࡉࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢ޽ࠆߣ ផ᷹ߐࠇࠆ㧚ߘߩߚ߼㧘⸒⺆ᕈಣℂߦὶὐ⊛ߦᵈᗧࠍะߌߐߖࠆߥߤߩᎿᄦࠍߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘ዪᚲ⊛ⷡ㉕ᐲࠍ 㜞߼ࠆขࠅ⚵ߺ߇㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠈ߁㧚 ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘Ꮐඨ⃿ߩᵴേߩᏅ⇣ߦࠃߞߡ㧘ASD ߇ࠨࡉࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߦಽ߆ࠇࠆߎߣ߇ផቯߐࠇ㧘ASD ఽߢߪೝỗߦ ኻߔࠆᘠൻ߇↢ߓߦߊ޿ߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘․ߦ⸒⺆࡮␠ળ㗔ၞߩ⊒㆐ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ᖱႎಣℂߩല₸ൻ߇ㅴߺߦߊ޿ߎߣ߇␜ ໂߐࠇߚ㧚߹ߚᘠൻ࡮⣕ᘠൻߩࡄ࠲ࡦߦࠃߞߡ㧘ⷞⷡ⊛ᚻ߇߆ࠅ߿⸒⺆⊛ᚻ߇߆ࠅߩ๒␜ߩ઀ᣇߦᄌൻࠍട߃ࠆ੐ ߇᦭ലߥᢎ⢒⊛ᡰេߣߥࠆߎߣ߇␜ໂߐࠇߚ㧚 Χ㧚੹ᓟߩ⺖㗴 ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ 6㧙10Hz Ꮺၞࠍ ERC ߩಽᨆኻ⽎ߣߒߚ߇㧘10㧙14Hz Ꮺၞߪ㧘ᵈᗧㆊ⒟߿⸥ᙘಣℂㆊ⒟߇෻ᤋߐࠇ ࠆߎߣ߇␜ໂߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘੹ᓟ㧘ಽᨆᏪၞߩ᏷ࠍᐢߍࠆ੐߽ᬌ⸛ߒߡ޿ߊ㧚߹ߚ㧘ฝඨ⃿ߩಣℂ․ᓽࠍࠃ ࠅ᣿⏕ߦߔࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘ਥⷰ⊛ベㇳߥߤࠍ↪޿ߚೝỗߩ⣖ౝಣℂㆊ⒟ࠍಽᨆߔࠆߥߤߒߡᬌ⸛ࠍ㊀ߨߡ޿ߊ㧚 ᒁ↪ᢥ₂

1) Kamio, Y., Toichi, M. Dual access to semantics in autism : Is pictorial access superior to verbal access? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, (7), 859-867(2000).

2㧕Eric Schopler㧘Gary B㧚Mesiblov and Kathy Hearsey, ⥄㐽∝ߣ⊒㆐㓚ኂߩㅴᱠ Vol.1㧘TEACCH ࠪ ࠬ࠹ࡓߦ߅ߌࠆ᭴ㅧൻߐࠇߚᜰዉ㧘╙Τㇱ ⥄㐽∝ߣ⊒㆐㓚ኂ㧙1995㧘㜞ᧁ㓉ᦶ✬⠪㧚ᩣᑼળ␠ᤊ๺ᦠᐫ㧚 269-284㧔1995㧕㧚

3) Bondy, A.S. and Frost, L.A., PECS(⛗ࠞ࡯࠼੤឵ᑼࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ࡮ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ)࠻࡟࡯࠾ࡦࠣ࡮ࡑ࠾ࡘࠕ࡞ ╙㧞㧘NPO ᴺੱߘࠇ޿ࠁ㧔2005㧕㧚

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ൻࠍਛᔃߦߒߡɆ㧚⥄㐽ᕈ㓚ኂߩ޽ࠆఽ┬↢ᓤߩᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ㧘㧘71㧙82㧘࿖┙․ᱶᢎ⢒✚ว⎇ⓥᚲ㧘㧔2000㧕㧚 5㧕 ࠠࡖࡠ࡞࡮ࠣ࡟ࠗ⪺࡮⣻Ꮞᥓሶ⸶࡮⸃⺑. ߅Უߐࠎߣవ↢߇ᦠߊ࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ࠬ࠻࡯࡝࡯™ ᣂߒ޿್ቯၮḰߣ

ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ㧚ࠢ࡝ࠛࠗ࠷߆߽߇ࠊ㧔2006㧕㧚

6㧕Francesca Happe and Uta FrithThe, Weak Coherence Account㧦Detail-focused Cognitive Style in Autism Spectrum Disorders㧚Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders㧘㧔1㧕㧘5-25㧔2006㧕㧚

7) Shah, A., and Frith, U., Why Do Autistic Individuals Show Superior Performance on the Block Design Task? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, : 1351̄1364(1993).

8) Koyama, T., Inada, N., Tsujii, H., & Kurita, H. (2008), Predicting children with pervasive developmental disorders using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition., Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences :476-478

9) Frith, U., AUTISM: Explaining the enigma. basil blackwell, UK. ን↰⌀♿࡮ᷡ᳓ᐽᄦ⸶ (1991) ⥄㐽∝ߩ ⻘ࠍ⸃߈᣿߆ߔ. ᧲੩ᦠ☋(1989).

10) Frith, C., What do imaging studies tell us about the neural basis of autism. Autism: Neural Basis and Treatment Possibilities: Novartis Foundation Symposium, 251, Wiley, London, 149-176(2003). 11) ౝ↰ᄹⓄሶ㧘ጊፒ㓷ሶ㧘ኹ↰ ା৻㧘ᐢ᳢ᕈ⊒㆐㓚ኂఽߩ㓚ኂ․ᕈߦᔕߓߚዊ㓸࿅␠ળᕈᛛ⢻ᜰዉߣኅᐸ࡮ቇᩞ ↢ᵴ߳ߩㆡ↪㧘㜞⍮ᄢቇᢎ⢒ታ〣⎇ⓥ (), 135-145, 㧔2009㧕㧚 12) 㜞ᯅ੝ታ. 㜞ᯏ⢻ᐢ᳢ᕈ⊒㆐㓚ኂఽߦኻߔࠆࠬࠠ࡞ߩቯ⌕ߦὶὐࠍᒰߡߚዊ㓸࿅㧿㧿㨀㧘㜞⍮ᄢቇතᬺ⺰ᢥ (2008)㧚 13) ኹ↰ା৻㧘ᨋᕺᵤሶ㧘ਛᎹ⾆⟤ሶ㧘ၷ↰᣿⟵㧦㊀޿㓚ኂߩሶߩᜰዉ࡮≮⢒ߩߚ߼ߩ⹺⍮⹏ଔ㧚⑔੗ᄢቇᢎ⢒࿾ ၞ⑼ቇㇱ✚ว⥄ὼᢎ⢒࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ᐕႎ Vol.4㧘225-235㧘㧔2001㧕㧚 14) ㋈ᧁ଻Ꮘ㧘ᨋᕺᵤሶ㧘ኹ↰ା৻㧘ၷ↰᣿⟵㧘㊀∝ᔃり㓚ኂఽߦ߅ߌࠆㆇേߩᗧ࿑ᕈ⹏ଔ㧙⣖ᵄၮ␆ᓞേߩ੐⽎㑐ㅪᕈᄌേߦࠃࠆ੐଀ᬌ⸛㧙㧘㐳ፒᄢቇᢎ⢒ቇㇱ♿ⷐ. ᢎ⢒⑼ቇ, Vol.73, pp.55-62; 㧔2009㧕㧚 15㧕᦭Ỉ⋥ੱ㧘⥄㐽∝ఽߩ␠ળᕈࠍ⢒ߡࠆߚ߼ߩ⹜ߺɆㅢ⚖ᜰዉቇ⚖ߦ߅ߌࠆᜰዉɆ㧚⥄㐽ᕈ㓚ኂߩ޽ࠆఽ┬↢ᓤߩ ᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ㧘3㧘59㧙70㧚᧲੩ㇺᳯᚭᎹ඙┙ੑਯᳯ╙ਃዊቇᩞ㧔2000㧕

16㧕Sutton SK, Burnette CP, Mundy PC, Meyer J, Vaughan A, Sanders C, et al. resting cortical brain activity and social behavior in higher functioning children with autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry.㧔2㧕:211–222(2005).

17㧕Ozonoff, S. Executive functions in autism㧘In E. Schopler & G. B. Mesibov(Eds.), Learning and cognition in autism(pp.199-219).New York: Plenum Press㧔1995).

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