コレラとしてのアナーキスト : H・G・ウェルズの短編「盗まれた細菌」について

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(1)コレラとしてのアナーキストウェルズの短編「盗まれた細菌」について. 一 H.G.. 橋本. 一. 願光. Foreign@Anarchist@as@Germ@Carrier:@A@Study@of "The@Stolen@Bacillus"(1894). Yorimitsu HASHIMOTO But『hi. Ⅰ. men《. pt,”is‘nemy…ame‖nd《owed》ares. Ⅰ. among@the@wheat. ， and@went@his@way. (Matthew 13:25). Last@came@Anarchy:@he@rode On‖『hi e”orse ， splashed『ith｜loo4 He@was@pa Lke．eath . Ⅰ. even@to@the@lips, the、pocalypse ．'. (P ． B ， Shelley ， "The@Mask@of@Anarchy. ， "@1832). He@gener8ly@arFved@in@London@(like@the@inFuenza)@from@the@Continent (Joseph@Conrad. ・. ，， 2. ， The@Secret@Agent ， 1907). Introduction "The@Stolen@Bacillus,"@a@short@story@about@an@anarchist. ・. s@attempt@to@spread@cholera@bacillus. over@ London ， is@the@ first@fiton@ with@ the@ signature@ of@ H. ・. G ， W0. Ⅰ. ， 3@Cert8nly@ Wel. Ⅰ. had. contFbuted@ a@ number@ of@ miscel neous@ artic s@ and@ reviews@ before@ "The@ Stolen@ BaCllus" Ⅰ. whlchwasp. Ⅰ. were@anonymous. lntedln heRo7 も. ⅠⅠりなれ Ⅰひ. Ⅰ. d はピィ 0nthe2l,tofJuneln1894,butmostofthesewrltlngs. ， If@not,@they@were@enti 0y@ non-fictional,@like@the@Text-book@of@Bio gy@(1893),. or@Honours@Physiography@. Ⅰ. (1893)， "The@Stolen@Bacillus"@was. ， therefore ， precisely@the@beginning. of@his@glorious@career@as@writer@and@so-called@"prophet"@of@his@own@time. ・. "The@ Stolen@ BaCllus"@ has ， however ， been@ generally@ underestmated@ most@strongly,@this@neg. Ⅰ. or@ ignored. ・. To@ put@ i. ct@*@also@true@of@the@other@short@stor* s "The@Stolen@BaCllus"@was ・. followed@ by@ fourteen@ excellent@ short@ stories@ which@ mainly@ appeared@ in@the@Pall@@4ll@Budget unt@@ 1895.@ In@the@same@ year,@ these@ fifteen@short@stories@were@co ected@ and@ pub shed@under Ⅰ. Ⅰ.

(2) 28. 橋本. the. title of Ⅰ 7 e 及o. favourably by con emporary exaggera. も. も. aCademlCbookS,. lon. セ. イ O 訪er. A 比 hough. J行 c 材e れな・. Ⅰ. his collec 伍 on. reviewed. waS. Journals and some of the5e shor s orles we e repub Ⅱshed agaln,. も. 1 ls no. %. 古ociffM3. eⅠ. ム. 帳元. も. o Say. も. in faCt, haVep. hat i waS no も. 「. Short@Stories@by@J ． R ． Hammond. も. popUlar a. も. Ⅰ. も. leaS. Omlnently dlSCUSSed theSeShor. も. ln the aCademlC. world. Few. も. StorleSexCeptH. G. 用e れし. ， the@editor@of@the@complete@short@stories@of@Wells. Ⅰ れイ. ， 4@ In@terms. of@"The@Stolen@Bacillus ， "@even@Hammond;s@study@touches@only@briefly@as@this@is@his@first@signed. But@ that@ might@ be@ what@ Wells@ himself@ predicted， In@ the@ introduction@to@ his@short. story ．. stories@in@1911. andlnden. もⅠ. he@said@that@he@wanted@his@works@to@be@"found@in@the@bedrooms@of@convalescents. ・. st.sPa lou sandranway Ⅰ. 「. も. ralns hanlngen セ. Certalnly, w 辻 h respect to he novel, Wells lef も. も. も. leman.sstudles.. Ⅱ リガ切ぬg 丁 r0. many. れ待な，. likeK. 兜タ宙. (1905) and. Tono-Bungay@(1909)@although@ some@ of@ them@ were@ dev0oped@ more@ artistially@while@ others degenerated@ into@ less@popular@ voluminous@. novels ． But,@ his@ better@ known@ fictions@ essentially. belong@to@the@short@story@or@novelette@because@these@key@ponts@cont8n@the@oFginality@of@hi notions@ like@ time@ travel@ or@ invasion@ from@ Mars ， Sometimes@. these@ concep. Ⅰ. ons@ have@ been. generali ed@and@propagated@everywhere@in@more@popular@form@than@his@text@itself The reason. for he unpopularl も. slmple fact tha Zs. ⅡⅠ. れ. セ. %. も. y of ナ 7 Ⅰ S 0fe れ Ⅰ4c177ぱガ may. d 包戸 Dr. 丑めれビ Ⅰ1 (1896). L00klng 』. have somethlng. Ⅰ. pubIlshed be. was. も. ween. も. he well known. a ももhe chr0nological. ，も. Ⅰ. Wor7. s@(1898)@and@so@on. 7冴 e. blbllog Ⅰ aphy, Wells.s o も her early to be thrown. Ⅰ. も. も. M Ⅰ c 冴れ e (1895) and. 7あ e 冗Ime. sho ァ t stories, llke 7ナne P ね材e ァぶto ヴ (1897) 0 ⅠⅠ方ヤク S かⅠ れlge Stor 昭's (1897) seemed. ln o the shade by hls really groundbreaklng. o do wl h the. novels,古ne 血 vlsw e 五% Ⅰ. れ. あこ. (1897)also.T舌 eWor. ァ佗Ⅰ 妨e. ，. As@far@as@the@development@of@the@conception@was@concerned,@his@short@stories,@however,@m demonstrate@the@. originalities@or@cap. pieces ， As@Wells@foresaw@h@@. therefore@ his@concep movies. Ⅰ. Ⅰ. ces@more@. briskly@ and@sometmes@better@than@the@longer. fate,@the@stories@might@be@consumed@merely@for@time@killing@and. ons@ might@ be@ appropFated@ and@ appli d@ by@ other@ media,@ particularly. ． In@a@sense,@the@conceptions@of@Wells@spread@like@an@infectious@bacillus. ，. "The@ Stolen@ BaCllus,"@ for@example,@ deserves@ to@be@ regarded@ as@ one@ of@the@ first@infuential stoFes@to@artculate@the@posSbiiy@of@the@bacteFologic8@. weapon@or@hazard ， We@can@confirm. ag8n@ his@genius@ in@prophesying@the@future@as@in@ the@remarkable@prediction@of@the@"Atomic Bomb"ln. 乃 e 朋o たAガ SetFn n@ee (l914).6 ButasIwlllshow. sourceor. slmllar ldeas o hebac lerlolo9,lcalweapon before"TheStolen. ド. も. も. la ter,wecan. go back. も. o ano herolder も. Bacillus."Itwllllead. も. us@to@the@problem@of@plagiarism@raised@by@Ingvald@Raknem. セ. In@H G Wells@and@His@Critics@1@he. ，. ・. ・. accused@W0 of@b0ng@a@Pagi rit@Ctng@a@number@of@examp s@from@ ss@w0 known@wriers contemporary@with@Wel Ⅰ・ But@this@resemblance@and@"plagiarism,"@accor4ng@to@Raknem,@would not@explain@the@reason@why@the@similar@Wells's@stories@survived@instead@of@the@other@write Ⅰ. Ⅰ. Ⅰ. Ⅰ. writngs ． Actually,@these@later@Vitorian@writers@whom@Raknem@mentions@had@already@become Ⅰ. ss@popu. Ⅰ. r@by@the@ 1910s@"wih@the@so excepton@of@Joseph@Conrad,"@@@ W0 Ⅰ. Ⅰ. 's@own@proud. remarks‖re…orrect ． In》he｝reface｛f‖nother…ollection｛f《hort《tories仝e s〈uoted”is 8. former〉ivals‖t the‘nd｛f》he. Ⅰ. 19th…entury‖nd《uggested》hat（t『as「ncommon’or》heir.

(3) 29. コレラとしてのアナーキス. wrl も lngstobestlllrepubllsheda. ももhattlme.. Theldea0f"approprlatlon"lnpos is@to@ borrow@. some@. O her wordS,. dem0nStra. も. mate. Ⅰ. も. a. も. colonlallsmwouldgiveaclueto. も. posi vely@ in@ order@ to@ rebuild@ Ⅰ. Ⅰ. lng the manne. Ⅰ. ln whlCh. も. he ma. も. hesl uatlon.Appr0p も. latl0n. deconstruct ． Putting@ this@ in. or@. erlalS a Ⅰ e. crucial@rather@than@revealing@the@origin@or@sources@of@the@ideas. 「. も. ranSf0rmed. lS more. ．. The@ pioneer@ work@ of@ Bergonzi@ will@ be@ helpful@ here@ because@ he@ observed@ that@ the@ short S OrleSln 7%eSfofe Ⅰ B Ⅰ c ⅡⅠ 町ⅠⅠⅠイ Of 古 e ァぬclリしれね 'bear ObvlouSslgnSoftheirJoUrnahS セ. も. ・. hedld n0. al h0ugh も. dlSCUSSln deta. も. Ⅱ・. lCo 「 lgln,. Ⅱ. g FOllowlng theldea Ofapproprlatl0n,therefore,weCan. show@that@Wells@assembled@and@remodelled@the@precedent@subconscious@narratves@to@arti. ulate. them@ as@ seminal@ prototype@ and@ di seminate@ them@ further ． That@ is@the@ o Ⅰ ect@of@ this@ paper. More@concretely,@I@am@gong@to@an8yse@"The@Sto parti ularly@ from@ the@ vi wpont@. of@ anarchism@. Ⅰ. n@BaCllus"@wi hin@the@fin@de@siecle@context,. and@ the@ idea@ of@ germ@ warfare,@ and@ evaluate. forerunners. what@W0ls@stole@or@appropriated@from@h@@. Foreign@Anarchist@as@Dynamiter "The@Stolen@BaCllus"@@@ a@story@about@an@anarchist's@attempt@to@disseminate@cholera@bacillus over@London. ， The@story@begns@wi. h@a@scene@in@whi. cholera@ bacillus@ to@ a@ vi itor@ in@ a@. Ⅰ. h@a@bacterio. boratory ． Since@ the@ vi i. Ⅰ. or@. gist@shows@a@preparation@of enquires ， the@ bacterioogist. shows@ a@ sealed@ tube@ and@ t0ls@ him@ that@ it@is@a@ liVng@ cho ra@ bacillus@ which@ could@ cause@ Ⅰ. if@it@was@ poured@ into@the@water@supply. massacre@. ． The@ scientist@explains@how@ dangerous@. Taking@advantage@of@an@unguarded@moment,@the@visitor a@letter@of@introduc. Ⅰ. on,@ stea. Ⅰ. by@ his@ wife@ bringing. it@is．. ， a@disguised@anarchist@who@had@forged. the@tube ， He@ is@chased@ by@ the@bacte. all@ in@ a@ fluster ， the@ latter@ pursued@. a. ・. Ⅰ. Oogi. t@not@unnaturally. his@ shoes@ and@ hat ，. the@ cab@ chase@ breaks@ the@ tube@ and@ the@ anarchist@ sw8lows@. i. empti d@ tube@and@ disappears@ into@ the@ crowd@at@the@Waterloo@B. Escaping@ from@ the. s@ content ．. bacteriologist ， he@ cries@ out@ to@ the@ bacteriologist@triumphantly@ Ⅰ. The@ violence@ of. "Vive@ 1 Anarchie"@ with@ the ・. dge ． After@the@ arrival@of@hi. wife,@the@bacteriologist@exPains@ to@ her@that@ the@viStor@is@ an@ anarchist@ and@ that@the@content of@the@tube@is@in@fact@harmless@bacteFa@that@will@cause@the@b e@patches@upon@animals@although Ⅰ. wishing. ，. to@impress@the@visitor@he@had@said@that@it@was@fatal. As@the@line@of@"Vive@1'Anarchie"@suggests,@the@anarchi beyond@the@Chann0.@posSbly@France was@. a@ common@. t@in@"The@Stolen@BaCllus"@comes@from. ， Natur8ly,@as@I@will@argue@in@det8l@later,@"Vive@1'Anarchi. ". catchword@ in@ the@ 1890s@ in@ anarchism@ magazines@ and@ in@ anarchist@ novels@like. Joseph@Conrad's@Secret@Agent@(1907). ・. But@the@bacteFologist's@queston@concerning@"the@ethnology. of@his@viStor"@Ceay@demonstrates@that@the@anarchi t@vi itor@is@a@non-English@person@although Ⅰ. @@ @@ not@clear@if@he@is@ from@ France@or@ not Actu8ly@. it@is@not@ uncommon@to@. ・. represent@the@anarchist@as@. a@foreign@terrorist，. As@far@as. the@1880s@and@ 1890s@ are@ concerned,@ anarchism@was@ not@associated@wih@ the@domestic@working.

(4) 30. 橋本願光. class@ or@ the@ uncontrollable@ faceless@ crowd@ but@ generally@ with@ foreign@ fanatic@ agitators ． To. put@it@at@is@most@extreme,@ the@people@ were@ represented@as@ the@ mob@ wihout@ any@ indiVdu8 subj ctivity@or@independence,@but@just@susceptible@to@propaganda. ， This@was@well@demonstrated. by@a@John@Tenniel@sati e@in@Punch,@"Sowing@Tares,"@(February@27.@ 1886)@based@on@"the@Sower" (1850)@of@Jean-Francois@Millet. ， and@the@words@from@Matthew@that@I@quoted@at@the@beginning. ．. The@caricature@depicts@the@devil@disseminating@ the@poisonous@seeds@of@socialism@on@ "the@field of@ labour ， "@ The@ devil@ was@ "Pacing@ with@ stealthy@ foot@ the@ infertile@ land broadcast,@ with@a@fur. Ⅰ. ve@hand.@ And@fiendish@face@half@veiled. ， the@evil@seed,"@and@the@cartoon. appealed to the reader not to trus hlm because "he ls The Enemy." も. was@ using@ the@ same@ xenophobia@. metaphorically@. And@ scattering. ・. ‥. The. Stolen Baclllus, れ. and@ literally,@the@ anarchists@ sowing@ the. equivalent@of@tares@on@the@passive@crowd. In@terms@of@the@oFginal@meaning@of@anarchi. m@like@the@definii n@of@Wi. Ⅰ. m@Godwin ， it@was. i. not@ always@ asso0ated@ with@ terrorism ， In@ a@ broader@sense,@ the@ discourse@ of@anarchism@ was included@in@ the@ degeneration@ and@ regeneration@ problems ． Take@ an@ examp anarchism@novel. from@ a@popular. Ⅰ. ． An@anarchist,@in@the@novel@published@inl893.@"regarded@civilization@as@rotten. from@top@to@foundation,@and@present@human@race@as@'only@fit@for@fuel'"@and@"like@some@eighteenth century@writers"@(probably@Rousseau@school),@he@f0t@that@"man@must@revert@to@simpler@conditions of@life@and@make@ a@new@. start "10@ With@ a@ sensational@ description@of@fin@du@globe@founded@on ・. science by Camllle Flammarlon deflnltely も he Same. ln 1893,1l this radlc乏辻 1 s atement. ガれりと宙オcle ma Ⅰ. of soclal revolutlon. も. も. ]rlx as Benjamln. Kld'S ProvoCatluVe book, SocialE. has. ノcoAutio Ⅰ. (1894)@and@ the@ eugenic@ movement@ that@ fo owed ， It@is@not@ necessary,@ however,@ to@relate@ the Ⅰ. history@ of@the@complex@ interrelations@of@anarchism@and@ socialism,@ but@interestingly@ at@that time,@ these@ co-related@ ideas@ were@ considered@ to@ be@ the@ two@ extrem. Ⅰ. ies,@individualism@ and. collectivism ， On@the@contrary,@anarchism@was@transformed@into@an@aesthetic@individualism@by people@like@oscar@Wilde,@ who@ told@an@interviewer@in@1894., "We‖re［ore｛r〕essヾocialists］owa-days ．，，， I@think@I@am@rather@more@than@a@socialist. ， I@am@something@of@an@Anarchist.@I@believo. but.@of@course,@ the@dynamite@ policy@is@very@absurd@ indeed ． "12@As@he@expressed@a@more@radical idea@in@the@French@version@of@Salome@in@1893. ， Wilde@more@explicitly@cal. Ⅰ. d@himself@an@anarch@. t. in@the@same@year@in@a@periodical@across@the@Channel@where@aesthetes@sympathetically@suppor the@anarchism@movement. ． "@ Taking@these@ contexts@into@considera on,@ it@is@very@ reasonable ㌔. that@Wells,@the@author@of@The@Modem@Utopia@(1905)@and@supporter@of@the@Fa an@. antagonistic@ and@ rather@ one-sided@ attitude@ toward@ anarchism. Ⅰ. an@Society,@held. ， Probably ， anarchi. m@ was. viewed@ by@ Wells@ as@ extreme@ egomaniac@ individualism@deeply@ opposed@ to@ the@ concept@ of@the profit@of@the@civilisation@or@the@global@community. ，. The@ anarchist@ was@ associated@ with@ terrorism@ and@ the@for0gner@throughout@ 1890s ， In@fact@a@number@of@dynamite@terrorist@acts@scared@London. the@ 1880s@ and. ． "Dynamite@and@Dynamiters,". appeared@ on@ the@ Strand@ @4gazine@ four@ months@ before@ "The@ Stolen@ Bacillus， "@with@ prints@ of. photographs@including@clockwork@bombs@and@exploded@buildings@with@a@list@of@the@number@of @mportant@ dynami. @@ efforts"@from@ 1881@ to@ 1892@ except@ for@ minor@ explosionS@ "In@1881.@ 9.

(5) 31. コレラとしてのアナーキス. attempts;@ 1882 ， 5;@1883 ， 10;@1884.@ 12;@1885.@8;@1886.@4;@1887.@15;@1888.@2;@1889 ， 3;@1890.@5;@1891.@6; and@ in@ 1892.@ 7@ outrages ． "14@Not@all@ of@these@ incidents@ was@ connected@ with@ foreign@ anarchists, but@generally@in@the@1880s,@the@dynamiter@was@represented@as@a@Feni. n@anarchi. ， 15 With》he〉ise｛f》he！rish（dependent［ovement ， parti. simian@appearance. t@often@with@a. ularly（nfluenced. by@Charles@Stuart@Parnell,@some@of@the@Irish@patriots@threw@dynamite@in@England 24 ， 1885 ， for@example ， the@Fenians@exPoded@three@bombs@simu. Ⅰ. ・. On@January. aneously@at@Westminster@Hall. ，. in@the@ houses@ of@Parliament@ and@ at@ the@ Tower@ of@ London ． Strang0y@ their@ movement@ was associated@more@with@international@conspiracy. ， rather@than@the@problem@of@. "Home@Rule. ・. "@ The. Briti h@press@article@on@"sporad@@ meeting s@in@Paris@and@Zurich@of@soCalists ， Fenians,@anarchists ，・. and@ nihilists@reinforced@ the@ impresSon@ that@ such@ groups@ conspi. were@ united@ in@ an@ international. acy ． "16. The@Channel@tunnel@scare@offers@the@ best@example@of@these@ fears@of@poi ical@contamination throughout@the@1880s. ， The@scheme@of@the@Channel@tunnel@between@France@and@Britain@provoked. wide@opposition@from@every@0ass@of@Britain,@especially@by@those@afraid@of@the@invasion@menace. It@provoked@ the@ nightmare@ considered@ as@ the@ uncanny@. m. of@ Napoleonic@ expanSoni. memory@. The@ Channel@ tunnel@ was. ・. mouth@ through@ which@ the@ repressed@ wou. Ⅰ. return. At@ the@ same. ・. time,@as@Daniel@Pick@suggests@in@the@fol wing@significant@quotation ， there@were@some@warning Ⅰ. discourses@about@the@continental@political@disease. the@ Channel@ was@ a@ cruCal@ barrier@ag8nst@ agitators ， armies@ and@ anarchistS@ 'The@ silver streak ，， declared@The@Sunday@Times@on@16@April@1882. ls a g Ⅰ eater bar. も. o the movements. 0f the Nlhl Ⅱs も s, Interna l0na Ⅱs も s and B Ⅰ adlaughites も. than@ is@generally@ believed ， but@ with@ several@ trains@ a@ day@ between@ Paris@ and@ London ， we. should@ have@ an@ amount@ of@fraterni ing@ between@ the@ di contented@ denizens@ of@the@ great cities@of@both@ countries@which@ would@ yield@very@ unsatisfactory@ results@ on@ this@ side@of@the Channel. ・. '17. Certainly@ Wells@ himself@made@an@ ironical@ remark@ on@ the@contemporary@. apprehension@ caused. by@ the@ scheme ． He@ was@ reported@ as@ sayin@@ "I@am@ supposed@ to@ have@ a@feverish@ imaginatio Ⅰ. but@at@its@most@feverish@I@have@never@been@ab to@imagine@any@harm@or@danger@@@. the@Chann0. Ⅰ. Tunn0@ that@ wou. Ⅰ. weigh@ for@ a@ moment@. against@ i s@ enormous@. benefits@ to@ our@ trade@ and. civilisation． "18@But@ "The@ Stolen@ Bacillus"@ was@ subj ct@to@ the@ same@ "feverish@ imagnation"@ in terms@of@the@anxi ty@of@the@contamination@of@poliical@di ease@ from@the@con France. Ⅰ. nent,@ especially. ・. The@French@anarchist@movement@throughout@the@1890s@aggravated@this@xenophob@@ ton8@ conspi acy@theory@and@arti Ⅰ. 892,theR. ㏄Ⅰ臼ノヴ R 印 Ie)W,repo. u 汗も. Ⅰ. ted@anarchism@as@an@epi. lng hef も. Ⅱ. equentanarchls. emic@from@the@con も. internaⅠ. nent In@May ・. s.bombexploslons,observedthat. "The@epidemic@of@explosive@crime@which@affects@Europe@at@present@is@almost@as@mysterious@a uniers8@ as@the@influenza ． "19@In@fact,@1892@was@the@advent@of@the@"propaganda@by@deed ， "@Elisee.

(6) 32. 旭光. 橋本. Reclus ， one@of@the@influential@anarchist@thinkers@at@that@time. and@the@ac ons@of@dynamiers. confessed@to@the@dynamite@policy. ・. ． 20@However@much@KropotKn-ike@"phi. Ⅰ. Ⅰ. soph*@ Anarchist@wou. Ⅰ. repudiate@the@connection"@with@"murderous@outrages,"@the@word@was@loosely@used@as@a@synonym for errorlsm.2IAnar も. も. lclelnE れの/cfoクⅠ edl Ⅰ 古たれⅠれれ Icd, hel0 も. edl onpub Ⅱshedlnlg02,explalned. ぬ. もⅠ. "the@propaganda@of@reform@by@revolution"@and@referred@to@ Ravachol@and@Vaillant@as@prominent *gures ， "The@ Stolen@ BaCllus"@ has@ also@references@ to@ these@ nameS@. "Ravachol,@ Vaillant,@ all. those@ distinguished@persons@ whose@ fame@ he@ L he@ anarchist]@ had@ envied ． "@ That@ passage@ is connected@wi. h@the@anarchi. t's@previous@remar Ⅱ "These@Anarchist@-@rasca. Ⅰ. ， '@said@he， 'are@foo ， Ⅰ. Uind@ fools@ -@to@ use@ bombs ， "@As@ @@ indi ates,@ these@ two@ French@ anarchists@ attempted@ to@ blow up@the@people@by@dynamite. ． Ravachol,@in@March@of@1892.@threw@a@bomb@in@Paris,@was@sentenced. to@ death@ on@ 11@ July@ and@ was@ reported@ to@ have@ cried@ "Vive@ 1'Anarchi ． "22@ Auguste@ Vailant per ど ormed. the same. も. errorls ち act ln order. も. 0 assassina e several Depu も. も. les on g December. of. 1893.@Although@no@one@was@killed@in@the@accident,@he@was@executed@on@4th@of@February@in@ 1894. roughly@four@months@before@"The@Stolen@Bacillus"@was@published. ， shouting@out@"Vive@1. ， Anarchie. ・. ". These@ two@ inCdents@ c0ned@ the@catch@ phrase@ and@ it@had@ already@ become@ the@index@ of@the anarchist's@fanati i m@ [email protected]@The@ anarchist's@deed@ of@drinking@the@ cholera@ germ@ @@ "The Sto n@ BaC Ⅰ. remlndlng. Ⅰ. us,"@therefore， appeared@ for@ the@ contemporary@ reader@ to@ be p uSble. readly. Ⅰ. them of these French anarchls s. self-sacrlflce. も. ‥. れ. Considering@the@anxiety@toward@the@contamination@by@French@anarchism@as@political@diseas and@the@suggested@French@o. Ⅱ. gin@of@the@anarchist@in@"The@Stolen@Ba0llus,"@the@place@of@WateFoo. Bridge@ where@ the@ anarchist@ hid@ in@ the@ crowd@ is@meaningful@. c0mmemoratlng. も. hedefea. セ. oftheFrancea. も. thebat leofWaterlooln も. borderland@ with@ the@ East@ End@ and@ with@ the@ Thames@ other@world@will@land. because@ it@is@not@ only@ the@ place. 18 5butalsoasymbohcal Ⅰ. where@ anything@ to@ do@ with@ the@ strange. ，. It@is@noteworthy@that@the@anarchist's@lone@suicide@attack@in@ "The@Stolen@Bacillus"@ is@taci y Ⅰ. contrasted@wih@ a@bourgeo@ coup. Ⅰ. ,@the@bacteF0ogist@and@ h@@ rather@naive@wife,@Minn*. ・. In. terms@of@the@bourgeois@@as@the@anarchist's@enemy,@the@above-cited@Encyclopaedia@Britannica@has meaningful@remarkS@. 'The@spi. Ⅰ. t@of@these@men@is@well@illustrated@by@the@reply@of@whi. h@Vaillant. made@to@the@judge@who@reproached@him@for@endangering@the@lives@of@innocent@men@and@wome. "There@ can@be@no@innocent@bourgeois. Ⅰ. ． '"@Wells,@ consciously@ or@unconsciously@. objecting@to@this. extreme@argument,@outlines@a@BFtish@mi dle@class@life,@particularly@the@innocent@wife@against the@ French@ desperate@ "neg cted"@ anarchist@ whom@ he@ thinks ， "All@the@ wo Ⅰ. Ⅱ. d@ had@ been@ in@a. conspiracy@to@keep@him@under ， "@Minn@@ pursuits@the@husband@ with@h@@ hat@and@overcoat@lest he@lose@face@and@after@hearing@that@the@visitor@is@an@anarchist,@she@nearly@faints as@ a@rather@ stereotypical@symbol@of@bourgeois@life ，. ・. She@is@depicted. The@last@ passage@ of@the@ story@ confirms. the@recovery@of@the@peaceful@life@after@the@visitor s@i trusio Ⅰ "Put@on@my@coat@on@this@hot@day1 ・. Why?@Because@we@might@meet@Mrs. Jabber ， My@dear. ・. should@I@wear@a@coat@on@a@hot@day@because@of@Mrs Baclllus,'aburglar.spene. も. ratlonln. も. o. も. hebac. ・. ， Mrs. ・. Jabber@is@not@a@draught. ， -@?@Oh!@very@well も. ， But@why. ， '"@Thus,@ in@"The@Stolen. erlologlst.shouseleadstoadangerof. も. hewhole. ，て｜Ⅰ.

(7) 33. コレラとしてのアナーキスト. nation ． A@ bourgeo@@ couple,@ co-operating@ with@ a@ working-class@ cockney@ cabmen,@ dFves@ the foreign@ anarchi t@into@a@corner ． We@can@say@ the@bourgeois@@. against@the@forogn@invaSon. that@the@story@is@a@metaphor@for@the@defence@of ．. These@ xenophobic@ gaze@ raci lised@and@ brutalised@ the@ face@of@the@ enemy@ contemporary@pseudo-science@of@degeneration@or@atavism. with@ the@ rise@of. Max@Simon@Nordau's@Degeneration,. ・. publi hed@in@Germany@in@1893@and@tranSated@sensationally@into@English@in@1895.@the@same@year of Ⅰ 7 e S oJe 片方Ocl はぴ ⅠⅠⅠイ妨 e O ァ. e ⅠⅠれ cIみⅠⅠ. ィカ. ぬ， quo. も. es the ldea. も. hat "wrltlngS. revolutlonlsts and ana chls s are als0 attrlbutable to degeneracy." ぬ from Ⅰ. des@Anarchistes@@. も. a@paper@published@by@Lombroso,@. and. acts of. "La Physlonomle. the@founder@of@criminal@anthropology. ， The. ethnological@gaze@at@the@visitor@in@"The@Stolen@BaCllus"@forms@the@same@discursive@framework. The. black ， hair and deep grey. lank. the fi ful. d0ibera. Ⅰ. yet keen. interest. eyes. ， the. haggard. his visitor， were. of. novel. a. ons@ of@ the@ ordinary@ scienti @@ worker@. expression and. ．. nervous the ph. change from. wi h@ whom@. the@ BacteFologi. ，. manner Ⅰ. gmati. t@ chiefly. associated. The@ word@ of@ "a@ nov0@ change"@ imPi The@bacterioogi folowing@Smp. t's@amateu Ⅰ. type. nor. a. sh@and@therefore@preva. Ⅰ. 4agnosis@sugges. He@ was@ muSng@. Ⅰ. on@ the@ethno. common. Latin. Bacteriologist@to@himself. d@ the@ wi espread@ interest@ in@ physiognomy@ Ⅰ. nt@pathologic8@. at@ the@ Ⅰ me ．. observation@leads@to@the. ng@the@0ose@connection@between@for0gnness@and@morUdi. Ⅰ. gy@ of@h@@ vi ior ． Cert8nly@ the@man@ ．. one. anyhow,. morbid product ，. 'A. was@ not@a@ Teutoni am. I. Y. afraid,'. the. said. ．. When@ the@ bacteriologist@explains@ the@ cholera@bacillus， he@ also@ "watched@ the@ morbid@ pleasure in@his@visitor's@expression. ，". Th@@ observation@ about@ the@ mor. Ⅰ. d@ anarchist@ was@ exaggerated@. number@of@bomb@cases@and@the@anarchi. t@movement. in@ the@ novels@ based@ on@ a. ． In@a@ novo@ published@in@ 1891 ， Mademoi-. ssole@Ixe,@a@governess@who@turned@out@to@be@a@RusSan@anarchist,@has@"a@very@dark@and@repelⅠ. nt@face,@in@whih@various@types@were@blended--a@face@with@long@Eastern@eyes@and@protru4ng. animal@jaw ．．．"25@"The@Stolen@Bacillus"@cannot@be@separated@from@the@genre@although@no@studi have@mentioned@. the@ connection ． As@M0chiori@. s. proposed ， these@narratives@featuring@the@ dyna-. mi er@ and@ anarch* t@ tend@ to@ depi t@the@ anarchi t@as@ a@ for0gner,@ from@ Ir0and,@ Germany. ，. France@ and@ Russia@ and@ intensify@ their@ international@conspiracy@ as@ in@ rather@ better@ known n0vels. Ⅱke Robert. Louls Stevenson's. 皿 e 巧仰乙mI 招ア (1885) and. Henry. James's. P ア ce3 Ⅰ ⅠⅠ. C ㏄Ⅰm ㏄宙 Im Ⅰ (1886).26. M0re. future war-scarlng 一. novels, par lcularly anarchls も. Wells. George G lfflth.s.best-sellIng novel 乃 Ⅱ. sequel O79 Ⅰ化om. Ⅰれ. Ⅰ. ノれ笘ビ. も. al ⅠⅠald s orles, seemed. / ヴァ乏 eR. qグ (1894) or sim Ⅱar Ⅰ巧 e のⅣ OW り g戸. ズカ. も. 日ソ. 0. Ⅰ. ぴガ. 0れ. t0 at ract も. (1893), f0ll0wed by. e メ廿 (1895), are. apparen. ち. も. he. ly distoplan.

(8) 34. 橋本. 願光. verslons of the subrna Ⅰnmne Naut Ⅱus ln Verne.s Twwe れク冴 Ⅰ 0 め Ⅰ れイ. They. 紐㏄Ⅰ れメァ訪 eS;o Ⅰ 087 ( ). Ⅰ. na Ⅰ ra も e a mul も l-natlonal unl0n of ana Ⅰ chlst5 a もも acklng London. ae Ⅰ oplane ln ve Ⅰ slon of. も. セ. he nea. Ⅰ. he nlgh mare も. fu も ure.. In. he topic Mdr 力竹Ⅰれれ. obvl0usly awakening も. 二色り. 丘力. nlghtma. も. he same. e ノれⅠ ドビわは. lsh memo. Ⅰ. Ⅰ. yea Ⅰ. 甘. as Ⅰ冴 e メ%g を f サ訪 e R のo. Ⅱ. ies of Hun も. Ⅰ. for example, the 冴 e ゆりァ脾憶冴 e ノア (1908), We も. classic， Mr ， George@Griffith. も. lon was. ガ. (1893), another. 0Ⅰ. ノffiJ Ⅰ，. vanda Ⅱsm. These ㎡ⅠⅡaid flc lons and Ⅰ. ed and resu faced ln Wells,S la er works, Ⅱ. mlgh. Ⅱs. Ⅰ. pro agonist, Ⅲ Be Ⅰ t.s lmaglna. ⅠⅠ. Ⅰ. a megalomanlac. apPeared ln whlch the plane was named. of he Or en ぬ linvaslon amalgama も. f Ⅰ om. Ⅰ. stlmula ed by も. ， s@ "The@outlaws@of@the@Air. a. も. セ. be lnspired by the noveI as. も. he. slXpenny editlon of hat aeronautic も. ， "128@Athough@The@War@in@the@Air@is@set. in@the@ near@ future@ when@ "the@ English@ Channel@ was@ bridged ， "@the@ xenophobia@and@stereotypes. seen@@@ the@Channel@Tunnel@scare@are@recyCed. ， The@image@of@the@anarchist@as@fanat@@ martyr. was@relocated@in@the@lives@of@Japanese@or@Chinese@soldiers@particularly@fuelled@by@the@Jap vitory@in@the@Russo-Japanese@war@(1904-5). ・. 29. More@comical@dynamiter@literature@is@also@worth@mentioning@because@"The@Stolen@Bacillus" is not only an lnvaslon scarlng novel but also a slapstick comedy. hke a trlple ㏄ b-chasing.. 一. S evenson.sshortstory. 7ナ e 巧竹 Ⅰ mI 昭ァ 1soneof. も. も. hefirstand besteXamples.8% Al hough ltwas も. written@before@the@seriously@shocking@Fenian@explosion@on@January@24.@ 1885@and@its@foreword has@a@special@mention@to@a@recent@horror@"due@to@Mr. ， Parnell "@This@story@has@silent-movie-like. slapstick@comic@incidents@as@in@"The@Stolen@Bacillus. ． "@In@"Zero's@Tale@of@the@Explosive@Bomb. one of も he s も orles ln me り竹 Ⅰ m. ね接. ・. ・. "31. r,anarchlstM.Gui e,a naエ ne sugges lng Ir sh orlgln,ls hr0wn. ln も o a s ate of panic wl セ h a tlme bomb. も. Ⅰ. Whenever. も. も. Ⅰ. he trled も o present も he "fa も al 目 ft,". Ⅰも. wll1. be unsuccessfullydec Ⅱned 0 re urned to hlm and he rea Ⅱses tha ももhe best solu lon ls t0 nlng Ⅱ. セ. も. "the@bag@far@forth@into@the@river"@near@the@Embankment ， It@is@easy@to@dismiss@as@a@simple@plot, bUtfrom も. anothe. Ⅰ. POln ofvlew, ltcanbe も. erroroftheanarchlst.. lnterpretedaSthetamlngoreffemlnlSatlon. Aslmll 色rexamplewasfoundln. も. Ⅰ. も. catures@contemporary. unldentlfled PleCe of luggage was found ln a St]ree ln LOndon and. も. も. he3 席4 れイイレ A 9 ㏄ IHeal も houghltlsno. a@story@but@a@strip@cartoon ． 32@The@cartoon@titled@"A@Dynamite@Scare"@ca Ove 「 -SenSnlvlty. An. of he. も. lも. w㏄. suspected@to@be@a@bomb ， scientists@and@policemen@investigate@it@carefully@but@they@found@there is@a@mouse@in@the@box Sca Ⅰ e." Bo も h of them to laugh orblow. lも. ・. "The@Stolen@Bacillus"@belongs@to@the@same@discourse@of@"A@Dynamite. lndl ㏄ te も he contemp0rary.s. obsesslon. wl h terrorlsm も. and their deslre. away.. Greenwich@Explosion@Mystery Wl h the se lous 0ut ages, the c0mlcal fac 0rs ln the dynamlter セ. Ⅱ. Ⅰ. も. romanticied@and@crystallied@as@tragedy. na Ⅰ ratlve were. も. o be. ． In@February@1894.@an@Italian@anarchist@assasSnated. the@French@Prime@Minister@Sadi@Carnot,@four@months@before@"The@Stolen@Ba0llus"@was@published In@the@same@month@in@Britain. ， on@15@February@1894@to@be@exact. ， the@most@influential@explosion.

(9) 35. コレラとしてのアナーキス. contributed@to@the@transiton@of@dynamite@narrative@to@the@romantic@and@sublime@trag occurred@ in@ the@ Greenwich@ attempted@to@blow@ exp. Ⅰ. Park@ by@ a@ French@ anarchist ， Allegedly ， he. up@the@Greenwich@observatory. ， but@on@the@way. ・. edy ， It. Martial@ Bourdin. ・. ， he@died@by@an@unexpected. Son ， A@comical@anarchist@in@The@Dynamiter@was@reincarnated@but@without@any@narrative. catharsis． The@ attempt@ to@ explode@ Greenwich@ Observatory@ was@ the@ most@ influental@ and shocking@ for@ contemporaries eXtenslvely. どⅠ. omDavld. ． 33@ It@ stimulated@ the@ narrative@ imagina. J. Nlcoll.s pamphlet. toJosephConrad.sSec. Ⅰピ Ⅰ. meGr. ビⅠれ. Ⅰ. on@ so@ probingly@ and. wlc 汚 Aゆs 佗ヴ， te はⅠは 7%0m 訪eDea. イ (1898). ノ9 しれたⅠSIm戸JeS o ワ (1907).縫 Thepervadlngpohtlcalunconsclousness ヰ. ， It@unusually@con4. in@the@anarchism@novels@found@an@outlet@even@in@The@Times stressed@the@concern@of@the@international@conspi. ctured@and@over-. acy@in@the@background@and@quo. wi hout@ appropFate@ measures,@ "the@capi al@of@the@ B. Ⅰ. Ⅰ. ng@the@Liberte ，. ti h@ Empire"@ would@ end@ in@"the@den@ of. the@Old@ Man@of@the@Mountain'135@An@ article@reporting@ the@Greenwi h@Explosion@ in@the@Review. of@Reviews,@however,@m8ntained@that@"the@gener8@ conviction@ponts@to@London@as@the@headquarter of@ the@ [anarchist]@movement It acceleratXed he sensatlona 廿sm as ln he EV e 4 g Neの幡，s も. headlin0@ "8000@ Anarchist@ in@ Londo Ⅰ Where@ These@ Enemies@ of@ Soc Metropolis"@(17@December@1894) The ふかⅠ れ d as. も. 石9 色z. 人. he Greenwlch. Ⅰ. れ. Ⅰ. も. ㍉. れ. 打・. ty@ Li e@ in@ this@ Great. ， 37. ecarrledthe"DynamlteandDynamlter"colncldentallylnthesamem0nth. EXplosion. NeXt mon. も. h, the magazlne, whlch has been seen a "ml ror of Ⅰ. the@century/138@printed@a@reflective@story ， "An@Anarchist can@ be@ located@ in@ the@ "Dynam. thegenrewasGrantAllen.sRo plotlstheleagueofln. も. e@ Romances. ㍉. ァ. ． "@ A. ． "@ According@to@. Aとり Imle 付 S Ⅰんし，，メ EQ ね @Lov. ernatlonalgen. も. hough@@@ @@ written@in@French Me. ピ. Ⅰ. ， it. hio Ⅰ ,@the@ representative@ of. d 片イり竹 4m. ねピ. (1886).3gThatmaln. lemenaroundanEnghshbeautyMalmle.. factor@was@changed@into@m0odramatic@tragedy@in@"An@Anarchist and@sensational@"Dynamite@Romances. Ⅰ. The. Ⅱ. omance. ， '140@one@of@the@most@romanti. ． "@ It@was@not@di ectly@influenced@by@the@Exp. Ⅰ. Son@because. the@ writer@ Eugene@ More t@died@ in@ 1890@ but@ it@is@more@ significant@that@ the@ French@ story@ was ・. chosen@and@translated@into@English@just@after@the@terrorist@act@of@a@French@anarchi. @@ about@a@French@anarchist@and@his@family. t ， The@story. ． Jacques,@ working@in@a@blacksmith's@shop,@ sets@a. bomb@in@"the@house@of@our@exploiter"@but@he@knows@from@his@wife@that@the@local@children@including h*@ own@ happened@. to@ be@ there ．. Jacque@ is@"the@ Anarchist--but@ accepted@that@fate@as@an@expiation. And@ the@ story@ ends@ with@ his@ wie's@ suggestve@. statemenL. who@ did@ not@ hesitate@ to@ rush@ on@ to@ death@ to@ save@ us ， and ， "@ The@passage@presumes@to@speak@for@the@supposed@reader. of@the@magazine,@the@British@middle@Cass ， whose@concern@over@anarchists@was@to@be@assuaged by@the@enemy's@self-ruin@as@punishment. Presumably@inspi ed@by@"An@Anarchi t"@or@the@Greenwich@Explosion,@Grant@Alien@contributed another@more@sublime@dynamite@romance ori ， s@study ， to@the@Strand@Magazine@in@August. ， "The@Dynamiter's@Sweetheart. ， "41@missing@in@Melchi-. ， two@months@after@"The@Stolen@Bacillus. ・. "@ As@the. author@of@sensational@and@ rather@femini t@@ The@Woman@Who@ Did@(1895),@Alien@ also@romanticise a@ naive@ and@ Smple@ Ameri. leaves@ New@ England@. an@ woman@. and@ her@ f8l@ "in@this@terrible@Europe "@EsSe@ Lothrop ・. to@ study@ art@ in@ Paris@ and@ meets@ a@ black@ moustached@. art@ student ，.

(10) 36. 橋本. Stanislas@Laminski@. who@ detests@ Russia@and@ proba6y@. from@ the@ tit ,@she@ discovers@ that@ her@ Ⅰ. bomb@ at@ St ． Germain@ P 「 even. も. 願光. where@ Ravacho@. lng hlS dynamlte. も. erro 「 lSm. comes@ from@ Poland ．. ver@ is@an@ anarchist. Ⅰ. ・. As@easily@guessed. Stani las@ @@ about@ to@ throw@ a. exploded@ his@ in@ 1892.@ But@ Essie@ devotes@ hers0f@ to. and to Savlng. the lnnoCent.. A. ども. e Ⅰ the deathS. ln the. explosion@of@two@lover,@the@romance@closes@with@the@quotation@from@the@next@morning's@paper that@ misreads@. the@ inciden. exploded@ prematur0y Greenwich@ Park@ Exp. Ⅰ. "owing@. to@ a@ fortunate@. scuffle@ with@ her@ accomplice. ， the@ bomb. ， "@ Just@ as@ British@j urnali ts@reported@ that@ the@original@ target@ of@the Ⅰ. sion@ was@ the@observatory. ， the@ paper@in@ "The@Dynamiter. also@guesses@that@Essie@"meant@to@set@fire@to@the@Louvre. ・. s@ Sweetheart". ， "@ As@well@as@"An@Anarchist,"@. we@can. confirm@that@the@melodramatic@imagination@ was@indispensable@for@filling@the@gap@between@the lines@on@paper ， There@seems@ to@be@ no@ certain@ evidence@ that@Grant@Alien@ read@ "The@Stolen@ Bacillus"@ before@he wrote@ "The@ Dynamiter's@ Sweetheart ． "@ But ， both@ of@ these@ are@ sweetened@ with@ a@ comedy@ of@a. hasty@ man's@ misunderstanding@ and@ a@ romantic@ tragedy@ of@an@ innocent@ woman@. in@order@ to. expel@the@shadow@of@the@same@anxiety@towards@dynamite@terrorism,@culminating@in@the@Greenwich@ Exp. Ⅰ. Son ． Thus,@ it@h0ps@ to@ indicate@ W0ls's@aUlity,@ instead@of@his@aleged@plagiarism. ，. to@articulate@or@appropFate@the@contemporary@unconsciousness@into@a@more@favourable@narrati e@than@his@now-. Ⅰ. ss-known@rivals@did ． As@is@w0l@known,@there@are@comPi. between@Wells@and@his@senior@acquaintance@Grant@Alien. ated@interrelations. ． For@example,@ Raknem@demonstrates. the@similarities@between@Alien's@British@Barbarian@(1895)@and,@ simultaneously@published,@ Wells's The@Wonderful@Visit@(1895),@and@accuses@Wells@of@being@a@plagiarist@to@conclude@that@the@latter@is "no@origin8@ work ． "42David〆， Hughes,”owever,〈uotes；rant、lien's‖mi ab letter…oncernⅠ. g@h@@ surprise@at@the@synchronicity@of@the@two@surmises@that@it@was@the@"result@of@pure@c0n-. i. cidence ． '143@ Patrick@ Parrinder's@ observation@ is@useful@ for@ the@ problems@ of@ the@ plagiarism ． He poi ts@out@the@si ilar@plot@of@Grant@Alien s@"The@Thames@Valley@Catastrophe"(1897)@and@Wells ・. て力. e 川ⅠⅠ サ f俺 e mo た fり斥， (1898)and lndlcates ha Ⅰもhemy も. were. p 「 evalent. ln the contemporary. セ. hologlcalsymbollsm. catast Ⅰ ophe narra. も. ，s. of.Thame5Valley.. lves.Ⅱ Thls ldea of lnterteXtuaⅡty. among@two@writers,@ sharing@the@same@concerns@ and@ narratives@but@wi h@ a@different@style,@ is a. Ⅰ. o@true@in@the@comparison@between@"The@Sto. Actually. ， unlike@the@other@cases. ， the@Wells. Ⅰ. n@Ba0llus"@and@"The@Dynamiter's@Sweetheart. ， s@story@was@published@earlier@than@Alien. ・. ". ，s ，. In@these@stories,@the@anxiety@caused@by@the@Greenwich@Explosion@seemed@to@be@romanticised. But,once the 汀lusl0n waS dlsmlssed ln "The Stolen Baclllus,"lt returns and 1ong in anothe. Ⅰ. Wells sho Ⅰ t story ln 7%e S o7e れ gdc 棚 M ィ. 二. Ⅰれ Ⅰ 0. 丘乏. eァ. Ⅰれ. clメしれぬ・. Ⅱ. esurfaces bef0re. In the same month. as@"The@Dynamiter's@Sweetheart,"@two@other@stories@were@published@in@the@Pall@ Ⅳ0il@Budget;@"In the@Avu@observatory"@(9@August@1894)@and@"The@Damond@Maker"@(16@August@1894). ， These@two. stories@ seemed@ to@ shed@ more@ light@ on@ "The@ Stolen@ Bacillus"@ in@terms@ of@replacement@ of@the anXle セ yfromtheFrenchanarchlst.sattemp. も. atte Ⅰ rorlsm. "In@the@Avu@observatory"@narrates@that@an@unidentified@huge@blood-sucking@bat@attacks@ research@worker@at@the@observatory@in@the@heart@of@a@Borneo@Island. ・. Apparently@only@the@title. a.

(11) 37. コレラとしてのアナーキスト. has any two. c0nnectlon wlth. も. he attemp. も. to blow. up. も. he Greenwlch. lnterestlng lmp Ⅱcatlons. The flrs clue ls a fam0uS. John. も. "The@Irish@'Vampire,"145@with@Parnell's@face ， tries@to@suck@the@b The@ rise@ of@ Irish@ nationali m@ inCuding@. Obse. Ⅰ. bu. va ory, も. there. も. are. Tennlel carlca ure ln whlch も. od@sleeping@beauty,@ Hi ernia ，. Ⅰ. bomb@ incidents@ was@ some. Ⅰ. mes@ represented@ wi h. Gothic@ properties@ like@another@ of@ Tenniel's@ cartoons,@ "The@ Irish@ Frankenstein"@ in@ which@ the nationalist@is@ seen@ as@ a@ monster@. instead@ of@ the@ theme@ of@ a@ monster-creating@. scientist． 46. In0dentally,@a@ parody@ of@the@ caricature,@British@ Vampire@ with@ John@ Bull's@face@biting@ the s. eping@I. Ⅰ. Ⅰ. shman@. in@the@chest,@ was@. appeared@as@an@i. England and Ir0and"（n》heヽeview｛fヽeviews（n. Ⅰ. ustra. 1898.47. Ⅰ. on@. of@"the@FinanCal@Rela. Ⅰ. ons@of. autobiography,. As…onfessed（n”@. P ひれ c 舌 and lts cartoons lncludlng sensual"femlnlne flgures" had fasclnaも ed and s も irred Wells.何. In@spite@of@no@direct@influences ， "In@the@Avu@observatory"@replaces@the@Irish@response@including bomb@throwing@with@the@primi. ive@terror@of@other@colonial@and@uncanny@monsters. Secon4y,@the@story@contains@the@transfiguration@of@the@symbol@of@the@Greenwich@observatory. ，. As@Robert@Young@acutely@points@out,@Greenwich@observatory,@the@chronological@and@topological centre@ of@the@world ， @@ paradoxi ally@the@margin8@ pont@ where@ east@ and@ west@ stand@ side@by side ． 49@Th@@ symbol@@ hyb. dity@of@the@observatory@was@emphas. Ⅰ. Ⅰ. ed@in@"The@Avu@observatory,". an@ outpost@ of@empire,@ to@ appropriate@the@ title@ of@Conrad's@ nov0 ． dynamite@the@Royal@observatory@has@more@or@less@an@impe. Ⅰ. Therefore,@ the@attempt@ to. ali tic@meaning,@rebellion@against. "a@scienti @@ centre ． '150@ Interestin8y,@a@ Smilar@ remark,@ "The@ demonstration@ must@ be@against lea 「 nlng-SClenCe,"5lwaS. 「. ePea. も. <edlnCon. 「. ad.S T7%台 SeeernetAgee れⅠ (1907), whlChwaSdedlCa. W0ls ， the@ author@ of@Kipps@ (1905),@and@ conSdered@ as@ "pessimit's@reDy"52@to@ W0 Aside@ from@ the@ problem@ whether@ Wells@ or@ his@ works@. are@. Ⅰ. xedto. も. 's@storis. ・. optimistic ， the@ significant@point@is. the@same@metaphor@of@the@Briti h@imperi8i tc@observer， In@other@words,@the@abortve@exp Son Ⅰ. in@Greenwich@ Park@ represents@ the@ supposedly@ rig@@ r0ations@ between@ the@ observer@ and@ the observed ． Following@ the@ metaphor,@ the@ optical@ is@more@. appropriate@ for@ Wells ． Suggestively. "The@ Stolen@ Bacillus"@ be8ns@ with@ the@ anarchi t's@attempt@ to@ see@ the@ baCl. m. ㍉. roscope ． Thus@ we@can@ contrast@ "The@Stolen@Baci. Ⅰ. Ⅰ. s@ through@. us"@ as@the@microscopic@menace@. the. wi h@the. telescopic@danger@represented@in@"In@the@Avu@observatory"@and@of@course,@The@War@of@the@Worlds. The@ second@ Greenwich@. Explosion@ story ， "The@ Diamond@. sci nti @@ observer,@ an@ amateur@inventor@who@ to@ explode@ dynamite@. and@Fn8ly@he@@@. Maker"@ *@ another@ ca. Ⅰ. mi y@ for@ a. is@mistaken@ as@ an@ anarchi t ． H@@ experiments,. in@ order@ to@ crystallise@carbon@ into@ diamonds. 0ected@w*. ，. h@a@curse@of@"Nerchi t ． "@ A. Ⅰ. ， are@ gazed@ with@ suspicion. hough@he@succeeds@in@crea. Ⅰ. ng ， arti i i l. diamond,@ the@paper@reports@ that@his@ apartment@is@"the@Kentish@Town@ Bomb@ Factory"@ and@ he is@forced@ to@ wander@ in@the@c* y@ with@ "a@Behemoth@ of@di monds"@ but@ wrecked@ by@ hunger@ and a@. dreadful@ cough ．. The@ story@ suggests@. narrator's@ some@ amount@. of@ money,@. that@ he@ died,@ failing@ to@ barter@ a@ diamond@. at@ the@ Thames@. for@ the. near@ Waterloo@ Bridge ， the@ same@ Pace@ in. "The@ Stolen@ Bacillus " ・. As@th@@ addi ion@@ "dynami e@scare"@suggests,@a@secret@base@of@operations@was@actu8ly@found and l S memberS も. we. 「. e ar 「 ested ln LOndon.. 7Ⅰ e 冗Im ㏄， ln whlCh. an a Ⅰも lcle pr0Posed a COnnectlon.

(12) 38. 橋本. between@ Autonomy@. 願光. club@(anarchist@ organisation@in@London)@ and@ the@ terrorist@ of@Greenwich. explosion,53@reports@ an@ anarchist@ arrest@ for@ "the@ manufacture@ of@ bombs@ for@ an@ unlawful PU 「 POSe." 出 "The．iamond｀aker"（nsinuates‖》heme｛f‖lienation（nto》hat｛f》he・. pa Ⅰも lcularly ln も erms of the ar も lficlalhappy endlng. The reason ls no rlo1o 田 st said. も. ha セもhe tube. another@point@of@view. con も alned chole Ⅰ a jus も ln order. セ. o lmp. ， the@story@alludes@ to@an@ unidentifiable@menace@. bac erlologicalh 盤 ard. As the も. Ⅱne. Ⅰ. も. ・. clea why Ⅰ. ess. も. も. セ. he bacte-. he vls1%or.. From. and@ the@possibility@of@a. ofthe bac eriologis 5 wlfe crles, 'He has gone 十. ". 肺イ d !,'this. ・. the is@a@reference@to@8lude@to@scientific@madness@as@in@Dr． Frankenstein,@the@mad-scientist@in@ atも lc.Actu 田 ly, セ he followlng bac も erlologlst.s s a ement sounds un ㏄ nny close to madness, も. Only ， Go. break such a llt le tube as も. forth, increase and. も. も. hls mn も lo a supply of drmnklng-watler [ ‥‥ ] say to them,. multiply and. replenish the cisterns ， and. death. '. [ ．，，， would ]. be. released@upon@this@city ， and@go@hither@and@thither@seeking@his@victims. Needless@to@say.@it@is@a@malicious@parody@of@the@human@being@playing@God,@which@was@develo mo も. Ⅰ. e も horoughly and 籠 otesquely ln 五 7 %. 0 be G0d. in hls transforma. も. Ⅰ田川Ⅰ. 古井ク. ヴ Dr.Aイ0 れe ㏄』 (1896)whe. Ⅲ. e a mad. scien lst seeks も. lon of animals lnto men and ended up belng kllled by. も. hem at. the@call@of@the@ wild ． In@ other@ words,@ it@means@ that@ the@ vulnerability@of@the@ city@where@ the laboratory@ of@ the@ cholera@ bacillus@ was@ next@ to@ the@ bourgeois@ home@ and@ perhaps@ a@ wider neighbourhood@was@unaware@of@the@unstable@security@of@the@cholera@bacillus. We@should@not@overlook@the@alienation@of@the@anarchist@who@was@lonesome@and@discarded@by the@ community@. to@ find@any@ vengeance@ but@ terrorism ， This@ resentment,@the@ main@ germ@ of. twentieth@century@literature@as@a@problem@of@existence@or@alienation,@took@form@metaphoric @@ The@Invisibe@Man@(1897) ． When@G. Ⅰ. f*n ， di coveFng@the@way@to@make@hims0f@invi. i. le,@concea Ⅰ. himself@to@carry@on@the@experiments@@@ a@village@in@Surrey,@the@villagers@conj ctures@that@he@is an@"experimental@investigator"@but@this@idea@is@followed@by@another@suspicio. Ⅰ. he@is@"an@Anar-. chist@in@disguise,@preparing@explosives ， '155@As@this@association@suggests@an@ambivalence@of@solitude. between@ scientist@and@ anarchist， Griffin@ has@ a@ hard@ time@ in@wandering@ in@London@ without clothes@in@winter@and@finally@decides@to@install@a@r0gn@of@terror. But@ there@ still@ remains@ a@ question@ what@ inspires@ Wells@ to@ have@ the@ i ea@ of@the@ bacteriol091㏄ l errorlsm.one も. 0ftheHkely sou ceslsln heabove-men Ⅰ. も. も. loned Stevenson.S me 巧沖 Om ガer.. The@anarchist@narrator@Zero@proudly@speakS. [W]e@await@the@fall@of@England@[. ．，，]@our@friends@in@France@are@almost@ready@to@desert@the. chosen medium ， They｝ropose, instead,. to. break「p》he. drainage system of…ities. and. sweep@ off@ whole@ populations@with@ the@ devastating@typhoid@ pestilence:@ a@ tempting@ and@ a. scientific｝r0ec@a｝rocess，. lts elegance;bu ，も. [ ‥・. indicriminate（ndeed ， but｛f（dyllic8 Smpliity. ] I shall remain devoted o that more も. empha. も. ・. I〉ecognie. lc, more strlklng, and.

(13) 39. コレラとしてのアナーキスト. (if@you@p ase)@more@popular@method,@of@the@exploSve@bomb Ⅰ. Presumably. ， Wells@received@the@French@anarchist's@i. a@more@di ect@bacteFologic@@weapon. ・. 56. ea@of@bacteⅠ ological@disaster@and@developed. ， But@as@in@the@case@of@Grant@Alien's@ "The@Dynamiter's. Sweetheart,"@ the@ charge@of@plagiarism@. does@ not@ stick ． It@rather@indicates@Wells's@ elegant@ap-. propriation@of@the@contemporary@narrative@into@a@more@clearly@articu. ted@one. Ⅰ. As@ we@ have@ seen,@ "The@ Stolen@ Bacillus"@ was@ closely@ r0ated@ to@ the@ genealogy@ of@anarchist literature,@ driven@ by@ the@ political@unconsciousness@towards@ anarchist@ as@ foreign@ invader ， germ@sower@and@germ@itself ． It@is@noteworthy@to@confirm@that,@as@far@as@Eng nd@is@concerned, Ⅰ. the@first@idea@of@germ@warfare@was@suggested@most@cleaFy@in@"The@Sto. provides@ another@ interesting@Cue@ again ， A. Ⅰ. n@BaCllus. Ⅰ. hough@ the@ Greenwich@ Exp. ・. "@ Secret@Agent. Son@ inspired@ both. Ⅰ. ngth@and@plot,@there@has@been narratives,@possibly@because@of@the@completely@different@style,@ Ⅰ. no study were. to prove. the connectlon. between. "The S olen Baclllus" and 几 e Sec れせノ8 Ⅰれ t, as lt も. an Eng Ⅱsh version of C Ⅰ Im ⅠⅠれイ p Ⅰれ町巧 me. metaphor,@VeFoc,@the@anarchi. t@doub. れヰ. Ⅰ. (1866). Never. も. agent@viewed@as@epidem*. Ⅰ. heless, Con. Ⅰ. ad used the same. ,@as@quoted@at@the@beginning. ，. Perhaps@"The@Stolen@Bacillus"@did@not@influence@The@Secret@Agent,@ but@this@implies@that@Conrad was@ also@ wi hin@ the@ intertextuali y@ of@ anarchi. m@ where@ Wel. Ⅰ. articulated@and@ disseminated. the@idea@of@anarchist@as@germ-carFer@so@metaphorically@and@influenti8ly. Gem Now. asDynf. I. move. Ⅰn te;Metapho モ. on. 五. the〉eason. of@newly@founded@germ@theory. Ⅰ. ofCholera. why・. ，. Epidemic. pestilence" was replaced. ， In@other@word. cholera（n. by. ， @@ is@the@li er8@ or@metapho. Ⅰ. the…ontext. c8@ connec. Ⅰ. on@of. the@ anarchist@ and@ cholera ． As@ a@ beginning,@ it@is@a@ good@ start@ to@ touch@ bri Fy@ the@origin@ of the@bacteriologi @@ weapon,@germ@as@gun. ． As@I@mentioned@at@the@introduc. early@records@of@the@attempt@of@bacteFologi. Ⅰ. on,@there@are@sever8. al@weapons ， But@much@of@the@alleged@germ@warfare. seemed@to@be@accidental@because@there@have@been@few@trustworthy@measures@to@verify@the@usa of@the@bi logi 8@ weapon. ， Once@any@eDdemic@spread,@even@accidentally,@@@ might@be@the@propa-. ganda@war@concerning@which@nation@used@a@bacteriological@weapon new@ di ease. ・. ， particularly@in@the@case@of. As@ in@Susan@ Sontag's@ groundbreaking@ Illness@ as@ Metaphor,@ more@ uni ersal@ and. persistent@than@disease@itself@is@the@narrative@including@conspiracy@theory@level@justifyi essent8ly@accident8@. epidem@@ as@the@God's@punishment@or@the@enemy's@intFgue. Aside from the illness. as. metaphor. ， the most eaFy. and reliable attempt ，. confirmed,@ was@ examined@ in@ French@ court@ of@ Louis@ XIV. ・. Accor4ng@. as. far. as. have. I. to@ the@ Encyclopaedia. Britannica@(15th@edition),@"[w]hen@an@Italian@chemist@offered@him@[Louis@XIV]@the@first@bacteriolo weapon,@he@gave@him@a@penSon@on@condition@that@he@never@di. ulge@his@invention ， "57@The@prob. still@remains@if@@@was@valid@to@French@strongest@opponent@and@why@it@was@now@known,@ is@Britain@ that@ attempted@ to@ put@ it@into@ practice ， in@ 1763@ in@ Pennsy. Ⅰ. Ⅰ. m. but@i. an@@ during@ the@ Seven.

(14) 40. 橋本. Years@ War ． Sir@ Jeffrey@ Amherst@. 帆光. reported@ to@ send@ the@ blanket@ used@ by@ the@ small@ pox. was@. pati nt@ to@ the@ American@ Indi n@ in@ order@ to@ annihi te ． @@ The@ examp Ⅰ. suggestive．. was@ Sgniicantly. Ⅰ. Because@ as@ some@ studies@ demonstrated@ recently,@ the@ secret@ of@ the@ European. expanSve@c0oni. a ㌧ on@or@imperi8i. m@@@ the@na. ve's@ ck@of@immuni. Ⅰ. y@ag8nst@some@ePdemic. Ⅰ. like@pes lence@and@sm8l@pox@that@had@attacked@European@sever0y@and@as@a@resu Ⅰ. survive@ to@ obtain@ the@ immunity. ． 59@ The@ example@ shows@ that@ European@. Amherst,@knew@empirically@the@secret. they@had@to. Ⅰ. themselves,@ at@ least. ． This@problem@of@immunity,@with@the@reali. aton@of@the. climatic@difficulty@ in@ colonisation@as@ tropical@ disease,"@ was@ developed@ and@ emphasised@ in@The 朋Ⅰ ァ Of Ⅰ 訪neWoo ア Jぬ， lnwhlchthehlghlyclvlllsedMar. :lanfalls ocolonlse. セ. も. も. heearthandresul. も. s. lnperlsh byanunknowngerm, germ@warfare@was@predi One@of@the@earliest@fiction8@ emulato (乃e. Ⅰ，. Alber. 用Ⅰ アサ. ㌔. 汚. も. RobldaalthoughhlsllluS. e rwe. れガ. e ィカ C Ⅰ れカツ)was. not. edfu. men. は on. セ. o. も. urewarnovel,Z. G. ra. も. ranslated lnto Engllsh.6lWh. も. も. Ⅰ. ひ. 几e. developed@ by@ 4ien@ cu. Ⅰ. hey could orwould｜e｝roduced｛n‘arth ， "62ButHendrlck'sar. "The. Stolen. Baclllus" nor. genlusness ls wor h men も. も. イⅠⅠ g ガ emeSlecfe. en6%. Roblda. and rea Ⅱstlcally,accordlngto Rober. contrast ， Wells@ considered@ it@as@ "fanCful@ weapons@ も. Ⅰ. も. thebacterlol0glcalweap0nsmoreaccurately foresee hat. ted@in@1887@by@ ss@known@Jules@Verne's. Stevenson.s. lonlng brlefly bu. セ. ?. ナ 7 e. ノれ. Ⅰ mI. ィし. r.. Certalnly. も. Ⅱlustraも ed. Hendrlck's. ures"@ and@ "did@ not セ. lAcledoesno any も. Roblda.s. prophe はc. l% ls n0t beyond the eXceptlonal case and there. have@been@no@eVdence@to@prove@its@inFuence@on@Wells. ．. The@ metaphor@ of@ cholera@ itse @@ more@ helpful@ to@ contexu8i e@ the@ connection@ between Ⅰ. cholera@and@anarchism@in@"The@Stolen@Bacillus. whi h@asso0ates@cholera@and@anarchi plague. も. hat had. to Europe. come. ． "@ Cholera@itself@is@inseparable@from@xenophobia,. m@metaphoric8ly. from. ， Referring@to@"a@terrible@new@strange. the dep hs of Asla" ln C グ Ime d れⅠ P 甘れ打乏 me れ f, Sontag も. emphaslses Cholera's eXotlc 0rlgln tha dreaded@in@nineteenth@century@Europe@a. も. Ⅰ. w 汀l. eXplaln the reas0n why. chole a had been so Ⅰ. hough@the@European@smallpox@was@rampant@worse. ・. ". It@is@not@ necessary@ to@ enter@into@ a@detailed@ discussion@ of@cholera@studies@ as@ "a@tool@ for@social and@econom@@. '164@by@eminent@hi to Ⅰ ans. an8ysi. summaFse@what@cho. Ⅰ. ra@caused@traumatic@expe. The@folowing@passage@is@notable@example@to. ・. Ⅰ. ence@for@European@ment8iy. ，. Cholera was shocklng to he nine 0em h-cen lury senslblllty- above all,to the bourgeols も. も. も. も. sensibiliy｛f》he》owns『here it”ad（ts［aximum（mpact・ in｛ther『ays too ， At》he. height@of@a@self-confident@era@of@economic@growth,@material@progress,@scientific@achievement. and‘xpan4ng・uropean‥omini n｛ver》he『o the@ uncivlised'@ East@ and@ chal nged@ common@ Ⅰ. ・. Ⅰ. d ， here『as‖‥isease》hat…ame’rom. consump. Ⅰ. ons@ of@ European@ cu ural@ and Ⅰ. biological《uperioriy｜y‥emonstrating》he」ulneraUliy｛f‘ven》he［ost…ivlised｝eople to@a@disease@associated@mainly@with@oFent8@ backwardness. ・. 65. As@ a@ foreign@ barbaric@ menace@ ag8nst@ riSng@ bourgeoiie,@therefore,@anarchism@ was@ easily assocla eed wl h cholera も. も.

(15) 41. コレラとしてのアナーキスト. The@ establishment@. of@ germ@ theory@ by@ Lou. caused@xenopho5a@as@the@rep. cement@of@metaphor@from@the@body@against@germ@to@body@poliics. Ⅰ. against@foreign@enemy@like@immigration theory@was@widely@supporte@@. ． Before@the@germ@theory,@Max@von@Pettenkofer's@s0l. germ@themselves@was@not@harmful@but@a@key. foul@ soil@to@ produce@ miasma,@. some@. Pasteur@ and@ Robert@ Koch@ in@ the@ 1880s@ also. Ⅰ. ， li e@enzyme,@. of@disease With@ the@rise@of@germ@theory@. cause@. for. by@Koch ，. ・. at@Hamburg@in@october@1892@the@year@of@cho ra@epidemic,@Pettenkofer@made@a@famous@experiment Ⅰ. in@his@theorY@. old@autho. ty@aged@74@s8d,@"I@wou. Ⅰ. of@honour. swallowing@culture@of@cholera-germ@in@front@of@the@audience Ⅰ. Before@that,@. ．. this. be@dying@in@the@service@of@science,@like@a@soldier@on@the@fi ld. '166@ Perhaps@this@self-sacrifice@atti ude@toward@the@sublime@cause@might@inspire@W0. ・. to@make@the@anarchist@drink@cholera@samp. Ⅰ. in@"The@Stolen@Bacillus". Ⅰ. In@spite@of@Pettenkofer's@devoted@experiment@and@his@surviv8.@the@germ@theory@had@already spread@so@much@that@the@metaphor@had@been@apPied@to@the@body@politiC@. as@immune@system@. against@supposedly@ Pague-ridden@immigration@or@. w0l@as@the@in4Vdu8@. body@was@ag8nst@baCllus. an. セ. of he NatlonalHeal. ee. も. も. lnfluen lalpaper,"Cholera Ⅰ. Simultaneously@wih@Pettenkofer's@experiment. h Socie. も. y. and the edI. も. or. Ⅰ. も. ， Hart@denied@"a@pseudo-scientif@@. agent@ carriers@ and@ the@ miasma@. も. o. Ⅰ. も. against@ignorance,@Y. Ⅰ. ・. Ⅰe. theory@ which@ Pettenkofer@ tried@ to@ prove. れ柄 Ce Ⅰ ぬヴ. ・. In thls. ・. Incidentally@"blue". nts@and@this@might@exP8n. taken@as@cholera@germ@in@"The@Stolen@Bacillus"@will. trigger@ the@ "blue"@ patches@ upon@ animals. was. ヰ. terminoogy"@like@the@"blue@mists"@supposed@as@cholera. the@reason@why@the@harmless@bacteFa@mi. struggled@ to@ eradicate@. も. Ⅰ. he 入りれ e. was@commonly@associated@with@cholera@due@to@the@colour@of@the@pati. deeply@ rooted@ in@ the@ mentaity@. ， the@Chairman@of@the. of 巾 heBri 尽A Me 乙 cd よ0 ぴ m Ⅰ l,c0n rlbuted. and Our Pro ectlon agalnst lt". も. arti. ・. ori ntal@pilgrimage@as. in@october@ 1892.@ Ernest@Hart. in@Hamburg@where@the@cholera@broke@out,@ C0mmlt. the@empire@was@requested. ・. From@ another@ vi wp0nt,@. of@the@ contemporaries@. Consequently@. "a@ pseudo-scien. th@@ impli s@ how@ much Ⅰ. f@@ termino. Ⅰ. gy"@ Hart. cholera@ epidemic@ instigated@ the@ propaganda@. h@and@barbarism,@all@of@whi. h@associated@with@orient. Hart@ played@ a@ main@ role@ in@ the@ 1890s@ to@ these@ Pseudodoxia@. Epidemica. war. ，. He@ defined@ "Asiatic. ・. cholera"@as@"a@Flth@disease@carried@by@dirty@people@to@dirty@places"67@and@proposed@the@improvemen of@ the@ dr8nage@. system@ and@ the@ saniary@. supervi ion@ of@ orient8@ Dlg. Ⅰ. mage@. as@ "Impe. responsibility"@because@the@main@reason@of@the@cholera@epidemic@in@India@was@pilgrimage the@ medic8@. or@. pigFmage,@. social@ histoFans@. almost@ commonly@. "At@Frst,@ [Briti h]@c0oni8@ reports@on@cholera@made@few@connections@wi. も. hesp. by@missionari. 「. ead ofcholera. mg And. も. s,@the@connection@between@the@cho. becomes@an@attribute@of@non-Christian,@in@a@sense. in@ 1872@of@religi us@festival@at@PuF@. as@. was@ followed@ by@ the@ speCal@ measures@. pilgrimage and@ a54ng@. ・. hena. the mlddle ofthe. も. Ⅰ. 8. ． 68@As. have@ admitted@ the@ cruci@@ role@ of@ the. pilgrimage"@ but@ in@ 1831.@ religious@ pilgrimage@ and@ troop@ movements@ factorsln. Ⅰ. ra@and@Hindui. h@Hindu. identified@ as@ main. were@. lgth cen ury, partUlcularly セ. m@was@strengthened. ， Cho. Ⅰ. ra. ． Taking@example@from@a@description@written. "Indians@dead@on@the@Dlgrim@road@to@Jagannath for@ the@ regu ⅠⅠ on@ and@ surv0l. Ⅰ. ． "70@It. nce@ of@ the@ Hi du. On@ the@ other@ hand ， this@ religious@ and@ epidemiological@ linkage@ called@ the@ ancient fear@ of@ Mongolian@. or@. Huns@ invasion ．. 71. The. memory of. "Asiatic hordes" revived.

(16) 42. 橋本願光. and@reshaped@itself,@the@fear@to@"cholera-carrying@pilgrims l.polltical dlse 圧Se, 72 that metaphor. transfigured. Ⅱ. whi h@was@depi was@a. Ⅰ. ted@as@infec Ⅰ ous@poli ial@thought. ． "@As@Arnold@acutely@put@Cholera@as. ln another. "polltlCal disease," an. 稜ア chlsm,. ． And@the@"incurSons@of@this@ASatic@scourge". o@recy0ed@in@the@anarchism@narratve@as@Attia,@a@name@of@an@a@@. attacking@anarchi t s ・. aeroplane ln the above a Ⅰ gued Hd 甘井てれれ訪e ノれⅠ rcA 俺 ln 1893. ァ. ThuS Brnes Har セ. epldemic.Bu. もも. も. repea. he eseemed Ⅰ. Ac セ ually l was. 8lready. も. had@accused@not@o. from@India@to@Europe. ha. iも. も. も. ed the slmllar. も. o bea. ln. Ⅰ. もⅠ. and metapho. p 「 ocess. Ⅰ. used ln the. 臼IsfoⅠ matlon from Hlndu pllgrlmage. 866 when. も. he ln erna も. Ⅰ y@the@centres@of@Hindu@Plg. the@progress@of@cholera. も. Ⅰ. ． This@route@was. Ⅰ. も. lonal sanl も ary. mage@but@a. Ⅰ. も. conference. p 「 evlous. cholera. 0 Islamlcp Ⅱgrlmage.. 几 tlnople. at Cons. セ%. o@the@Muslim's@h8j@ to@Mecca@as. 伊 the《econd《tage｜y『hich…ho ra『as〉elayed. seen. Ⅰ. ， '173@Hart@himself ， as@far@as@his@articles@in@1892@are@concerned,@maintained. was inevl も able hat cholera had been carried も. も. o Brltlsh por 十 s not by the Islamlc p ⅡgⅠ ims. but@from@Humburg@quicker@than@the@past@outbreaks@when@"our@means@of@communiation@wer more@ tardy@ and@ incomplete ． "74He only descrlbed the plIgrlms' fatal habi ももha も㏄ used. outbreak@of@choler8@. "the@pilgrims@stand@naked@in@turn@by@. セ. he. the@holy@well;@a@bucket@of@water@is. poured@ over@ each@ man,@ he@ drinks@ what@ he@ can@ of@it,@and@ the@ rest@ falls@back@ into@the@ well ，，175 But@ his@ explanation@ of@ the@ pilgrimage@ at@ the@ holy@ well@ and@ the@ definition@ of@ Asiatic@ cholera. as@"a@filth@diease@carried@by@di ty@peop. Ⅰ. to@di ty@places"@seemed@to@make@an@impression@that. cholera@was@conveyed@to@Europe@by@Meccan@pilgrims. ， In@fact,@two@months@after@Hart'sarticle. was@published,@a@doctor@wrote@as@follows; The greates. も. strl@de ha も has been made oflate years ln prevent ve and dlagnos セ. て. Ⅰ. Ic medlclne. consists（n》he〉ecognition‖nd‥ifferen ation｜y｜acteriological〉esearch｛f》hose［inute Ⅰ. organisms@that@disseminate@cholera@and@. fever,@ tubercle@and@anthrax. ． The@importance@of. the（ finitely〕ittle（s（ncalculable ． Poison‖『ell‖t｀ecca『ith》he…holera｜acillus, and. the@ holy@ water@ which@ pilgrims@ carry@ off@in@ bottles@ will@ infect@ a@ continent ． The@ rags@ of も. Th. he victims of a pla 田ユe. 太. is a review of Conan. allegedly@the@model@of@Homes. w Ⅱl. も. errify eve y seapor Ⅰ. も. ln Chrlstendom.76. Doyle.s 乃 e ノ血 e れ肋掩ヴ品 eMoct Ho ㎞㏄ (1892) by J0seph Bell, ， to@whom@the@book@is@dedicated. ， It@was@appeared@on@the@London. Bookman@ (December@ 1892)@ and@ reprinted@ as@ the@ introduction@to@ the@ 1893@ London@ edition@ of Doyle. bu. も. lも. ・. s@ A@Study@ in@Scarlet ・. Although@there@is@no@proof@to@show@the@direct@influence@on@Wells. lsplauslble o presume も. も. hatWellsread. 3 かⅠれれ Aイれ 9 はzlHe, the leも halcompetltor Doyle@and@cont. Ⅰ. も. herevlew of hemos も. も. popularatt. Ⅰ. ，. ac セ lon of he も. ofthe 正ロⅡAイカⅡ， where Wells was expected to emulate. buted@short@stories@and@scientific@articles@as@up-and-coming@star. ．. Certainly@ Bell ， s@ influence@ on@ Wells@ is@a@ mere@ surmise,@ but@ notably@ since@ then@ the@ similar simplified@association@cholera@with@Islamic@pilgrims@resulted@ in@the@dissemination@of@the@idea Ic0 ⅠⅡo Ⅱ md7, edlted by Ernest. ・. Hart. In February of 18%,. Ⅰ. t contalned the "NurserIes of. １１１. 丑たてサ. r@to@Europe 77@Take@an@example@from@the@British. l@. that@the@orient8@ Plgrimage@was@a@germ@carri. ﹃. ト. t..

(17) 43. コレラとしてのアナーキスト. Cholera ， "@"An@ Address@delivered@before@the@Section@of@Public@Medicine@of@the@Bri. Association"@by@ Hart,@ Chairman@ of@ the@ Parliamentary@ Bills@Commi magazine. ish@Medi. tee Unusu8ly@ ・. al. in@this. ， it@has@three@illustrations@iclu4ng"@"Pilgrims@at@Zemzem"@who@drinks@the@showered. water@ from@ the@ well ， 78@Interestingly@ it@was@ followed@ by@ the@ "the@detals@ of@the@ post-mortem. examination"@ in@ "The@ Greenwich@ Explosion ． '179@ In@ October@ of@ 1894.@Hart@ appealed@ for@ the necessity@ "of@ systematically@ attacking@ the@ disease ， both@ in@ its@home@ in@ India@and@ along@ the. png lm track by whlch Ⅰ. con r buted も. Ⅰ. セ. o. theNI. れ. lも. efee れ. ィカ. had more. than once. sp 「 ead to Europe". ㏄. ln hls second a tlcle Ⅰ. Ce れカツ Thec Ⅱch し rhetorIcofthecrusadeagalnst"thecommon ・. enemy"@ was@ re-emerged@in@the@new@Eastern@question@concerning@the@propos4@. of@the@admini. stration@of@the@Islam@@pilgrimage@in@Turkey@"@@order@to@saveEurope’rom…ho ra（nvaSons "81 Ⅰ. Thus@ the@metaphor@of@the@barbarian@march@from@the@East,@ in@1831.@dominated@the@d*. course@strongly@more@than@cho. was@not@the@main@reason@of@the@spread@over@Europe. Ⅰ. ・. called@by@the@epidemic@of@chora Ⅰ. ra@i s0f@6d@a. Ⅰ. hough@the@Plg. mage. Ⅰ. ，. As@ regards@the@germ@warfare,@ it@seemed@to@occur@to@Dr. ・. Be. at@least@seven@months@before. Ⅰ. the@review@was@appeared ， According@to@Doyle's@letter@dated@4th@May@ 1892.@Bell@recommended Doyle@to@write@a@story@about@a@"bacteriologial@criminal"@in@the@She. ock@Holmes@series. Ⅰ. ， 82@As. stated@above,@ 1892@ was@ the@ year@ of@the@ "propaganda@ by@ deed"@ and@ in@March@ the@ news@ about Ravachol@who@threw@a@bomb@in@PaFs@was@reported@sensationa cⅠ. min8@ might@be@owed@to@these@dynamite@bomUngs. y. Ⅰ. ， The@idea@of@bacteriologic8. ， But@Doyle@rePi. might@ "get@ beyond@ the@ average@ man ， whose@ i terest@ must@ be@ he. d@to@B0l@that@the@criminal Ⅰ. from@ the@ fi st ， and@ who. won't@be@interested@unless@he@thoroughly@understands ， "@After@the@death@of@B0l@in@october@1911. as Owen. Dudley Edwards. suggests,lnspl ed by the resurrec Ⅱ. も. Ion of the old teacher.s memo. Doyle@began@to@write@"The@Adventure@of@the@Dying@Detective Magazine@published@the@story@ featuring@Cu h@a@contaminated@sharp@spFng. ，. devi. ・. to@murder@Homes@. cⅠ. Ⅰ. hough@B0l@did@not@suggest@@@. min8@ "beyond@ the@ average. man," which. expert@ on. by@ sending@ them. e．. As@a@result,@@@ @@ not@Doyle@but@W0ls@that@wrote@about@the@bacteFoogi. and@more@CeaFy@a. y,. 183@In@December@1913the@Strand. erton@ Smith,@ a@Sumatra@planter@and@. Ⅰ. tropi al@di ease ， who@ murders@h@@ nephew@and@attempts@ a@box@wi. ・・. ァ. Doyle. directly W0 ・. Ⅰ. al@cFminal@earli. r. apPied@the@anarchi t@to@the. reluctantly‘mployed（nthe？olmes. series. Even@ if@Wells@ was@ inspired@ by@ the@ idea@ of@ Bells@ in@ the@ review@ of@ Holmes ， the@ image@ of@ the. Orient4@ penetratng@i to@Europe@with@a@bott d@cho ra@bacillus@was@more@effectively@renovated Ⅰ. and@ appropriated@. Ⅰ. as@ the@ anarchist's@attempt@ to@ spread@ the@ cholera@ bacillus@ over@ the@ water. system@ in@ "The@ Stolen@ BaCllus"@ particu ⅠⅠ y@ for@ the@ contemporary@. reader@ who@ might@ be. fFghtened@at@a@number@of@dynamite@terrorist@acts. Wells@as@Propagandist Now@ we@ may@ be@ able@ to@ see@ how@ effectiv0y@ and@ originally@ Wel. Ⅰ. bound@ two@ co-rela ng Ⅰ.

(18) 44. 橋本. di courses‖bout‖narchi m‖nd interweaving@. the@ a4acent@. 願光. cholera（n "Theヾtolen。aCllus ， It’orms‖》extual〔not｜y ". di courses ， as@ it@ were@ two@ politi al@ diseases,@ which@ commonly. manipulated‖nd‖mDii d》he』enophobia ， particu. rly》he］ightmarish［emory｛f、siatic. Ⅰ. horde ， Anarchi m@ had@ been@ represented@as@ the@ poii8@. contamina$on@. from@ the@ con. nent@@. Ⅰ. and、Satic…holera〉ecald》he》riumph｛f‖narchy ， Actually…holera‖nd‖narchism‖re》he Ⅰ. to@ the@ bourgeoisi0@. menace@. anarchist@ bomb@ supposed@ to@ attack@ the@ bourgeoisie@ and@ cholera. carried｜y’ilthy people》o》he’i hy｝ Ⅰ. Ⅱca ion of. aPp. も. も. he. me. も. aphor. も. o. セ. Ⅰ. posSbly@in@West@End@disappeared@ EastEnd.. ce. he body. reason『hy》he‖narchist（n・. disease｛r‥isease‖s…rimin8 a. Ⅰ. In｛ther『ords， Germ》heory contributed》o》he. ・. Po. ic against the "bacillus." This. Ⅱも. will eXplain the. n。acillus"《neaked（nto》he｜acteriologi t's boratory Ⅰ. @@ the@ crowd@ across@ the@ Waterloo@B. Ⅰ. dge ， The@ criminal@ as. o‖ttacked》he｜ourgeois”ome’rom East‖nd（ts’ront〕ine. Ⅰ. ㏄. "Theヾtolen。acillus" a…riss-cross｝oint,『hich》urned‖narchi m‖s…holera（nto…ho Ⅰ. ra. Ⅰ. as@anarchist@bomb ， As@ above@stated,@the@most@lik0y@sources@of@"The@Stolen@Bacillus"are@Stevenson'sT 乏 e 巧抑 amIte ァ and Bell.srevlew ofA メ姥れ加尹esofSm erAoc た HOolm ㏄，bo もⅡ ofwhlch. suggested. 冴爪. the biologlcal h 盤 ard lf fa zalbaclllus polsoned ln the drlnking wate Wells's. But apparently lt ls. も. Ⅰ・. achievement》oappropriate initially the. unconscious conception underneath the texts. and@articulate@most@effectively@the@bacteriological@. weapon. If@We. ，. Ⅰ. s's@novels@ are@. accused｛f｝lagiarism, will｜e‥ue》o”is｜rilliant‖ppropriation‖nd‖rticuton ． Ⅰ. Ⅰ. able@to@ be. Asゝhomas. Hardy@wrote@in@The@Return@of@the@Native@(1878)@that@"L ]uccessful@propagandists@have@succeeded because he doct]nlne hey brlng nto form ls tha whlch thelrlis<ener have for some も. も. without being. able. も. Ⅰ. shape,'186 W0ls was. to. a. も. propagandist in the very. best. も. ime fel. も. meaning. of. the. word ， In@fact@W0ls@himself@propagated@and@reused@his@first@story's@idea@into@his@later@works hke 乃 eWnr. Ⅰ. Of 訪e 朋o ア J田. ldea was dlssemlna. ち. As the bac も (enlologls says "Go for h.lncrease and multlIPly," Wells's セ. ・. <ed,aPproPrlated,. mutated. も. and ma. も. (0riMalised.. Notos l 冊e CompJefe Poe Ⅱc Ⅳ mo 心サルひ化膵蒔 e 品 efJw Ⅱ ed.) by Thomas. Hutchinson, (Oxford U.P 。 1907),. Ⅱ. p ． 338.. 2@ Conrad. ， Joseph. ，. The@Secret@Agent:@a@Simple@Tale. 1990),(Cambrldgeedition 3 Hammond,J.R.,H.G. 4. Hammond,J.R.(ed.),. reac. も. Wee 仏沖』 f庇冊 0 ガ胡ory,,(NY;B お ingStoke:St. ・. Reid ， (Cambridge@U. Martin s￣ress 1992) ，. meCoonm 河e 招品 0 た又，on ㏄ヴ H.G.Wee ℡:(London:Dent.. ・. P ，，. ・. ・. p. ，3. 1998). p.876.. ， Wells@is@the@fist@person@to@use@the@word@of@atom@@. bomb@in@h@@ The@ WorZ@ Set@Free. Jewish@ scientist@who@had@read@the@ novel ， found@the@idea@of@nuclear@chain. lonlnLondonln1933andltbecamethebaslsofthea. encedSzllard lessthan l ssubjectmat セ. W. Conrad), p.l1.. Ⅰ. (1914)． Leo@ Szilard ， Hungarian@. ，. ・. of heworksofJoseph. 5 乃 eComppleteSho イ SJoori ㏄ダ H..G:Wee仏，. 6@ As@it@@@ well@known. ， (ed )@by@Bruce@Harkness@and@S. セ. ermlgh. ち. ち. omlcb0mbalthough"7. 舌 ⅠⅢ0 パガ3e R Ⅰ. ⅡⅠⅠ. lnflu-. sugge5t." See, Rhodes, Rlchard, 皿 eM ね用れ9 イヱわそノ *omlc.

(19) 45. コレラとしてのアナーキスト. Bomb 7. ， (NY:@ Simon@&@Schuster. Raknem,. Ingvald,H. ， 1986). "I@presenty@ broadened@ プ. Ⅱ邸. "have been. 0 がⅠ尹カダ，. D 廿 co. ，G. ・. Co. Wells ，. ・. p ， 874.@. 1964). The@resembling@comment@is@made@in@his@autobiography. ，. agaln and again ln a var ety ofcollect ons." See,Wells, 五%ク化ア m Ⅰれぬ Ⅰ. Ⅰ. (s7 れ c 化. れ c Ⅰ ぬ Ⅰ。榔 gⅠd Ⅱe ワのぱ Ⅰれ 4 ワ ⅠrⅠⅡ れ. Ⅰ. 86%.(l. イ. ヵ ndon,Gollancz,. one@of@the@major@mentors@whom@Raknem@mentions. as@"now@rather@too@much@forgotten@writer g. & Unwin,. market@ and@ found@ higher@ prices"@because@ the@short@ stori s@ Snce@ The@ St0en. my@. Ⅰ ep 「 ln も ed. Ⅴe ガ㏄Ⅰ れイ. as@to@Grant@Alien. p ． 24-5.. G. アぴ㎏沖』 R 廿 Cr 沖㏄，(Oslo: Univers 比etsfoHaget;London:Allen. s@ The@Complete@Short@Stories@of@H. Boc. ・. ， "@See ，. Bergonzi, Bernard, 乃 e 几ゆ H.G. Weelfs:a. ブ. Ⅰメ%fo み i-. 1934),p.515.. But. ， Wells@sympathetically@refers@him. p ． 546. Scie 旋c Rom 沖ces, (M 荻lcheSter: Manchester. S稼 udy oダ訪e. U.P.,. ⅠⅠ. 1961), P. 63. l0Fawcett, E. Douglas,H. ⅡⅡ力竹. れ訪Ⅰ ノれ 0 ，c 冴たな or, 訪eDoom. on. o/ 妨e GreafC. ゆ，. 乃 e Engfめ舌 Ⅲ. れは. か0 帖ィ. Mag. 玖哲肱 e,. 1893, June, p.644. ll. English translation of Flammar. po. 甜Q. W.T. れ・. 五. on.s 屋 E Ⅰれ田 Mon. .Stead edited R タⅤィのt@o/ RW. Ⅰ. e) 佗ど rep. ア. どり. serialised in an Ameri. was. in ed the extracts eX ensively,see,8. も. ぬ土ne, Co mo-. ㏄ n mag. も. タ. 1893,p.43, 156 and. 284.@ Impressively@the@above-cited@Hartmann@the@Anarchist@is@also@introduced@ with@ some@illustration@ of@exploded@Big@Ben@in@the@same@volume. ， See@p ． 64 ， 185@and@280.@La@Fin@du@Monde@was@published@in@1894@though. the title was 田tere 佳 intoomne 辞，「み e L ㏄ tD ゆリヴ訪 ⅠⅢorAzd. れ mdooⅠ加之・ he. l2Beckson,Karl,Lo. i3@"once@ upon@a@time@I@was@a@ 1893). ・. See ， Pierrot. ， Jean. of@Chicago@P ， 1981) ，. p. ，. l8 タ億:aCui. 柑れ@nlH 沖 o ワ，. (NY;London:W.W.Norton,c1992),p.20-1. poet@and@ a@tyrant ， now@ I@am@an@artist@and@. The@Decadent@Imagination. ・. 1880-1900. an@anarchist "(L'Ermitage ， July ・. ， translated@by@Derek@Coltman. ， (Chicago:@U. ， 253.@ French@aesthetes@sympathy@did@not@long@but@ends@up@a@transient@phenomenon. between@ 1890@and@ 1894@when@ dynamite@terroFsm@ occurred@ frequently@ and@ the@anarchi ts@were@executed See,. Ⅰ eD フ. Ⅰ. ica み召れィ. ヵ竹. agI ⅠⅠ ガ。れ， p.252. 143% Ⅰれイ九%agQn づれ e,7,February l5Curtis,L.Per 1971) ，. 一. 4.. l894,p.120. Ⅰ y,Jr., ノア㏄Ⅰ れイメれ ge 尽， tわ ⅠⅠ ァむ. 百. m Ⅰ れブれ. Ⅱ cto ガⅠ れ CO ァ icd ぬたⅠ，ず. (Newton. Abbot:David. & Charles,. p ， 21. 16Beckson,Karl,Z0 17pick,Daniel,. れりし. n iれ (冴 6. 陥d ァ Mo4c. 百 ⅠⅠ e,f 巧. /89 億， p.18 0%. Ⅰ ガ 0 れ ⅠⅠ たⅠ ガ 0 耳 9ⅠSz クリをわヰ e ダブれ. ィ. ノ gee, (New. わを入イ 0 』Ⅰ m. Haven.Conn.:Yale. U.P.,. 1993), P.123. 18pe er Haining,E も. ひⅡ. ot ひれれ e7..aれⅠⅡ 榔か4 拍ガ R. むヰ 0 ヴ. 2Ⅰ fカ e. C Ⅱれ打ⅠⅠⅢⅠⅠ 牡 n. ⅠⅠ. S. し俺 Ⅰ五帖，. (Folkes one:Ch 田lnelTunnel も. Group, 1989. Originally published: London: New English Library, 1973), p.92. He, howeve confesses@that@"the@impassab. Ⅰ. humorously. moat@of@the@English@Channel"@would@relieve@him@from@the@menace@of@"wolves. from Russia 沖ld tigers from India" when メ uto. Ⅰ，. he was. "be wween seven. and eigh げ in 1874.. も. See, Expe「 iim !eれぬプれァ. 』. 研0 新甲取， p.77-8.. lgReView. ofRgViW$,. 5,May. 20 Flemlng, Manie, 冴 Ⅰ e. (London:Croom. ノれ. l892.p.435 4%ch 廿ノ川町 fooSoci 廿m,Efis ⅠⅠ. る召. RecJ ぬ. Ⅰ れゴ. NiiⅠ せ e Ⅰ / Ceeれカツ E 窩仁 0 ea れノれⅠ 石cA むm, 卑し. Helm ,1979),p.209.Inaddition t0 Kropotkin,0thercontemporary. カー. ヮ灰. anarchistG.V .Plekhanov. also@critically@referred@Reclus ， s@ad Ⅲ ttance@of@"Propaganda@by@Deed"@like@Ravachol@and@Vaillant@in@Anarchisme efSoci. ⅠⅠ. むme. (c1895). See Eleanor Marx. Ave. Ⅱ. ng.s translation,. メⅠ. 4. れ. c 汚廿 m. d 打イぷociⅠⅠ. 旺m, (Chicago: C.H. Kerr,.

(20) 46. 橋本. 1908),paⅠ ticularly Ch.VII1,"The concerning ㏄la ァ chism. a もも hat. London ， (London:@Croom@Helm Ⅹイラク. イ. Ravachol anarchism. ・. Ⅰ. mia, 皿 e Jれ m ⅠⅠ. Ⅰ ガ 0 れ ⅠⅠ ノれ Ⅰ. rc 用鮮弗ゐ vem. 4 ， "The@Era@of@Propaganda@by@Deed. edltlon, l910 1, l, p.917, n.l.. ミ. Ⅰ. Ad. ヰⅠ. HfcJo. 而. I:@1892-3."@p75-98. ・. Although. 一. せれⅠ. Ⅰ. ・. Krnopotkln, he con ]rubu (Or of 士. も. も. Ⅰ. the phllosophica hlstory of 拉larchism and makes no ment]lon of dynamltter like Ⅰ. editor adds. the. ・. Ⅰ. time, see Oliver,He. ⅠⅠ 宙. ネ. 田larchlsm, descrltbes. So-C8lled Anarchist Tacti ㏄・ Their Mor 田ity." In terms of the si ua ion. ， 1983) ， Ch. 2l E れノ nC oⅠlhde研Ⅰクリバなれれ ica,. 願光. note. a. indicate. to. that. number. a. of. terrorism was made. in. name. the. of. ，. 22Fleming,. 竹 Ⅰ ツルxe み沖用卍 toSo㏄加地 m,p.206-7.. z3Sherry,Norm. 田l,Conr 材"sWg㏄ fernWoor 材，. (London:CambridgeU.P.,. 1971),p.424. 24ördau， Maxヾimon ， Degeneration ， (Lincoln Neb :ゞ ofëbraska￣ 1993) ， p 22.！t（s｜ased｛nómbroso，・. ・. ・・. ・. ・. La￣hysionomie‥es、narchistes Nouvelleヽevue ， May・， 1891 p 227. ・. 25@Melchiori ， Barbara@Arnett ㏄ In sp 比eoflack 荻荻 ch 億m. Monographs. ，. ・. ， Terrorism@in@the@Late@Victorian@Novel ， (London:@Croom@Helm. ofmenHon. movement.. ・. ， 1985). to Wells, the following paper 虹 gues the c0ntemporary. ・. p ， 240. contextconcerning. of 皿 e R ㎡れ c ㏄卜 C ㏄Ⅰ 肋撰㏄j内接， (U. of Fl0hda. 睡 e, T Ⅱ ley, W. H., The BackPound. Humanities・， 1961.). 27 Fawcett. Edw 皿 d Dougl お，柿市て Mn the A 挺。c 仏な 0 ，，訪ne Doom oダ the Gr6nt C 瑚:, (London: E. Arnold, 1893) ， Possibly ， the‖narchist］ame‖lludes》o》he…ontemporary；erman｝essimistic｝hilosopher・duard von. Hartmmn. % 皿eWd 什 int ぬ A 比 a 材 Ot几hterWnarFoore 加dxnn 雙， (London:FisherUnwin,1926),P.l1. ck. 29、lthough》he｝ossibility…an］ot｜e‥enied》hat；riffith ， sゝheヾtolenヾubmarine・. inspi Ⅰ ed Wells,i isno ぬ ble ha もⅠ方e ⅢⅠァ肋訪e も. or. も. Chinese are represented. novels， Lea ， Homer. Parabellum・. ・. as. メニⅠ. derang ， ed fanatic. isa forerunnerofyellow. alien. the. like. per Ⅱ novelin which Jap Ⅰ れ lese. following Japanese-American-future-war. The@ Valor@of@Ignorance ， (NY@ and@ London ， Harper@ &@ brothers， 1909);@Grautoff ， By Taylor. ， of：erdinand？einrich) ， Banzai! (NY: The Baker・. ・. 1909). But》he・. ・. derived@ from@ Bushido ， which@ Wells@ had@ idealised@in@The@ Modem@ Utopia@ (1905)， was@ trumpeted@ proudly by Jap 沖lese themselves. See, S 田(u Ⅰnai, Tadayoshi,m. translated@from@the@Japanese@by@Masujiro@Honda. Ⅰ. ma. れ. Ⅰぴ lleな，N 止祐 -D Ⅰれ. Ⅰ. Ⅰ. ぷo ん. d. 「をァ缶. Stooワ gⅠ Po 可ノれ仙 r,. ， and@Alice@M ， Bacon ， (Boston@and@London:@Archibald. Constable, 1907). 30Melchlo Ⅰ 几昨o 旛nnl%. 伍せ. 功招乃 cto ㎡健 NOov ピ， p.59-60. 31 皿 e り竹のmifer,(London:Longmans,1 授 ADynamlteSC8%re,S. ㏄ 5),p.120-128.. 拮凌材 Magg ㌘ me,4.July, 1892.p.l10.. 明 She Ⅰ 丁 y'sCooれ Ⅱロイ特用㏄招m Ⅲ0. ァムヶ. sc Ⅰ ut nnlses hecon emporarycontextmos Ⅰ. も. セ. も. mlMnu Mely. See,p.228 247 も. 一. 34ゝhe（ntertextuality｜etween；reenwich｀ystery‖ndゝheヾecret、gent『as‘xamined（nヾherry s，onrad ，s ・. Western@World@in@which@the@former@is@transcribed 鍋 zheTZm ㏄，Ⅰ7 ヮ. ．. See ，. p．. 239-244@and@its@Appendix@D@(p. ， 379-394). February l894. This articCleisrep 「 inted in he following considerate 簗nthology 田though も. the above-ci壌d passage was oml. もも. ed. See,Ledger,Sally and Luckhurst,Roger,. ぬRaderin CuA 卸，ⅣH 荻 M ワA.c.f880-フタ 00 ， (Oxford:oxford. Ⅰ. U.P.,2000),P.211-214. 部 R ㏄ね @w@ ヴ R のた Ⅱぼ， g,Ma. 「. 37ヾhpayer-MakovHaia ，. Anarchism（n。ritish￣ublic｛pinion・. ・. (ed.),刀neFiiれ売 S ねcle:0. ch l894,p.222. ， Victorianヾtudies 31 ， 1988 ， p ， 498 ・.