強迫的心性と不合理な罪悪感との関連

(1)

Title

強迫的心性と不合理な罪悪感との関連

Author(s)

北川, 裕美; 伊藤, 宗親

Citation

[岐阜大学カリキュラム開発研究] vol.[30] no.[1] p.[73]-[78]

Issue Date

2013-10

Rights

Version

心理教育相談室 / 総合情報メディアセンター

URL

http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12099/50344

(2)

ऐᣓᄑ॑ॴȻ˪նျȽᏘম৞ȻɁᩜᣵ

Ԉࡺ ᛀᏩ

ª±

_{ˁ͜ᗵ ޭᜆ}

ª² ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪᒝㄼ⊛ᔃᕈߣਇวℂߥ⟋ᖡᗵߣߩ㑐ㅪࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆߚ߼㧘ᄢቇ↢࡮ᄢቇ㒮↢ 330 ฬ (↵ᕈ 171 ฬ㧘 ᅚᕈ 157 ฬ㧘ᕈ೎ਇ᣿ 2 ฬ) ࠍኻ⽎ߦ㧘ᒝㄼᕈᩰዤᐲ (㑐ጊ, 2008) ߣਇวℂߥ⟋ᖡᗵዤᐲ (ർᎹ࡮દ⮮, 2013) ࠍ૶↪ߒߡ⾰໧⚕⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߚ㧚ߘߩ⚿ᨐ㧘↵ᕈߢߪ⥄Ꮖߩ㑐ਈ߇ᄢ߈ߥ⁁ᴫ㧘ዊߐߥ⁁ᴫ޿ߕࠇߦ߅޿ߡ߽㧘 ᅚᕈߢߪ⥄Ꮖߩ㑐ਈ߇ᄢ߈ߥ⁁ᴫߦ߅޿ߡߩߺਇวℂߥ⟋ᖡᗵ߳ߩᒝㄼ⊛ᔃᕈߩᓇ㗀߇᣿ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚ㧚䇴䉨䊷䊪䊷䊄䇵㩷 ਇวℂߥ⟋ᖡᗵ㧘

ᒝㄼ⊛ᔃᕈ

㧘ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞᰼᳞ 㸇㪅㩷䈲䈛䉄䈮㩷 ᚒޘߪ૗߆ᖡ޿ߎߣࠍߔࠆߣ⥄ಽࠍ⽿߼ߡህߥ᳇ᜬ ߜߦߥࠆߎߣ߇޽ࠆ߇㧘ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ᳇ᜬߜࠍ⟋ᖡᗵ (guilt) ߣࠃ߱㧚ߘߩቯ⟵ߪᄙ᭽ߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘ⷙ▸ߦ⢛޿ߡ ㆊᄬࠍ‽ߔߎߣࠍ⺃࿃ߣߒߡ↢ߓࠆᗧ⼂߿ᗵᖱࠍᜰߔ㧚 Hoffman (1984) ߦࠃࠇ߫㧘ੱޘߪઁ⠪ߩ⧰ߒߺ߆ࠄ౒ ᗵ⊛⧰∩ࠍᛴ߈㧘ߘߩ⧰ߒߺߩේ࿃ࠍ⥄ಽߦᏫዻߒߚ႐ วߦ⟋ᖡᗵࠍ⚻㛎ߔࠆ㧚౒ᗵࠍၮ⋚ߣߒߚ⟋ᖡᗵߪ౒ᗵ ਥዉߩ⟋ᖡᗵ (empathy guided) ߣࠃ߫ࠇ㧘ㆡᔕ⊛ߥ஥ 㕙ࠍ߽ߟߣ޿ࠊࠇߡ߈ߚ (Zahn-Waxler & Kochanska, 1990) 㧚৻ᣇ㧘Hoffman (2000 ⩵ᳰ࡮ੑች⸶ 2001) ߪ ౒ᗵ⊛⧰∩߆ࠄઁ⠪ߩ⧰ߒߺࠍ⺋ߞߡ⥄ಽߦᏫዻߒߚ ႐ว߽⟋ᖡᗵࠍ⚻㛎ߔࠆߎߣ߇޽ࠆߣㅀߴ㧘ߎࠇࠍ઒ᗐ ߩ⟋⽿ᗵ (virtual guilt) ߣࠃࠎߛ㧚ߎߩ઒ᗐߩ⟋⽿ᗵߣ 㘃ૃߒߚ᭎ᔨߣߒߡ㧘⠀ᳯ࡮㜟ᯅ (2006) ߇ឭ໒ߒߚਇ วℂߥ⟋ᖡᗵ (irrational guilt) ߣ޿߁᭎ᔨ߇޽ࠆ㧚ߎ ࠇߪ㧘⥄ಽ߇⽿છߩߥ޿႐㕙ߢ⚻㛎ߔࠆ⟋ᖡᗵߢ޽ࠅ㧘 ♖␹⊛ஜᐽߦ⽶ߩᓇ㗀ࠍ෸߷ߔߎߣ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߦߐࠇߚ㧚 ߘࠇߢߪ㧘ߤߩࠃ߁ߥੱ߇ਇวℂߥ⟋ᖡᗵࠍ⚻㛎ߒ߿ߔ ޿ߩߛࠈ߁߆㧚ߎࠇ߹ߢਇวℂߥ⟋ᖡᗵߩ⊒↢ㆊ⒟ߦ㑐 ߔࠆ⎇ⓥߪ޽߹ࠅߺࠄࠇߥ޿㧚 ਇวℂߥ⟋ᖡᗵߣߪ㧘ઁ⠪ߩ்ߟ߈ߦኻߒߡߘߩේ࿃ ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߚ޿ߣᕁ޿㧘⺋ߞߡ⥄ಽߦᏫዻߔࠆߎߣߦ ࠃߞߡ↢ߓࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ේ࿃ࠍ⥄ಽߦᏫዻߔࠆⷐ࿃ ߪ㧘⥄ಽ⥄りߪ߽ߞߣ߽ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞ߒ߿ߔ޿ሽ࿷ߢ޽ ࠆߚ߼㧘ߘߩᓟߩኻಣࠍ⠨߃߿ߔ޿߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߟ߹ࠅ㧘 ਇวℂߥ⟋ᖡᗵࠍ⚻㛎ߔࠆ⢛᥊ߦߪ㧘ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞᰼᳞ ߇޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚 Salzman, L. (1968 ᚑ↰࡮═ේ⸶ 1985) ߪ㧘ᒝㄼࡄ ࡯࠰࠽࡝࠹ࠖ (obsessive personality) ߩਛᩭ⊛ߥ໧㗴 ࠍࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞᰼᳞ߣᝒ߃ߚ㧚ᓐߪ㧘♖␹ಽᨆ⊛ߥ┙႐ ߆ࠄᒝㄼࡄ࡯࠰࠽࡝࠹ࠖߩ․ᓽߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ߔߴߡࠍࠦࡦ ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞ߒ㧘߆ߟߘࠇ߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ዅᄢߥ⥄Ꮖ௝ ࠍ߽ߟߣㅀߴߡ޿ࠆ㧚ᒝㄼ⃻⽎ࠍᒝㄼ␹⚻∝ߣ޿߁∔∛ න૏ߣߒߡᦨೋߦขࠅ਄ߍߚ Freud, S. (1908  ↰࡮ศ ᧛⸶ 1969) ߪ㧘ᒝㄼ␹⚻∝ߩᖚ⠪ߩ∛೨ᕈᩰߩ․ᓽࠍ ߹ߣ߼ߡ⢂㐷ᕈᩰߣฬઃߌ㧘ߘߩ․ᓽߣߒߡㆊᐲߩᛥ೙ (ಟᏭ㕙㧘୿⚂ኅ) ߣ᡼಴ (ࠊ߇߹߹) ߇૬ሽߒߡ޿ࠆߎ ߣࠍ᜼ߍߚ㧚ߘߩᓟ Salzman, L. (1968 ᚑ↰࡮═ේ⸶ 1985) _{߇㧘ஜᏱ⠪߇߽ߟᒝㄼ⊛ߥᔃᕈ߆ࠄᒝㄼࡄ࡯࠰࠽} ࡝࠹ࠖࠍ⚻ߡᒝㄼ␹⚻∝߳⥋ࠆ৻ㅪߩ∛௝ࠍ߹ߣ߼ߡ ᒝㄼࠬࡍࠢ࠻࡜ࡓߣࠃࠎߛߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘ᒝㄼᕈᩰߩ᭎ ᔨߪ᜛ᄢߐࠇߚߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߘߎߢᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘ஜᏱ⠪ߩ ߽ߟᒝㄼ⊛ߥ௑ะࠍᝒ߃ࠆߣ޿߁⋡⊛߆ࠄ㧘ޟᒝㄼ⊛ᔃ ᕈޠߣ޿߁⺆ࠍ↪޿ࠆߎߣߣߒߚ㧚 એ਄ߩߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘ᒝㄼ⊛ᔃᕈߩ㜞޿⠪ߪ㧘ਇวℂߥ⟋ ᖡᗵࠍ⚻㛎ߒ߿ߔ޿ߩߢߪߥ޿ߢ޽ࠈ߁߆㧚ߒߚ߇ߞߡ ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘ᒝㄼ⊛ᔃᕈ߇ਇวℂߥ⟋ᖡᗵߦ෸߷ߔᓇ㗀 ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘㕍ᐕᦼߦߪᒝ ጘ㒂ᄢቇࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ㐿⊒⎇ⓥ 2013.10, Vol.30, No.1, 73-78 *1 ᔃℂᢎ⢒⋧⺣ቶ *2 ✚วᖱႎࡔ࠺ࠖࠕ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯

(3)

㏕ⓗᚰᛶࡀ㧗ࡲࡿ࡜࠸ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣᑐ㇟ ࢆ኱Ꮫ⏕࡜ࡋࡓ㸬䊡㻚㻌 ᪉ἲ㻌ㄪᰝ༠ຊ⪅: ኱Ꮫ⏕࣭኱Ꮫ㝔⏕ 335 ྡࢆᑐ㇟࡟㉁ၥ⣬ㄪ ᰝࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ㄪᰝ༠ຊ⪅ࡣ㸪A ኱Ꮫࡢㅮ⩏ෆ࡛ㅮᖌ࡜➹ ⪅࡜ࡢ౫㢗࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓ㸬඲ᅇ⟅⪅ 335 ྡࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪 Ḟᦆ್ࡀ࠶ࡿ⪅ࡸᑐ㇟ᖺ㱋௨እࡢ 5 ྡࢆ㝖࠸ࡓṧࡾࡢ 330ྡࡀ᭷ຠᅇ⟅⪅࡜࡞ࡗࡓ㸬᭷ຠᅇ⟅⪅ࡢෆヂࡣ㸪⏨ ᛶ 171 ྡ㸪ዪᛶ 157 ྡ㸪ᛶูᮍグධ 2 ྡ࡛㸪ᖹᆒᖺ㱋ࡣ 19.0ṓ (SD = 1.15) ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬㉁ၥ⣬ࡢᵓᡂ: 1) ᇶᮏⓗᒓᛶ ᖺ㱋㸪Ꮫᖺ㸪ᛶูࡢグධࢆồࡵࡓ㸬 2) ᙉ㏕ⓗᚰᛶࢆ ᐃࡍࡿᑻᗘ ᙉ㏕ⓗᚰᛶࢆ࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪㛵 ᒣ (2008) ࡀసᡂࡋࡓᙉ㏕ᛶ᱁ᑻᗘࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ ೺ᖖ⪅࡟ࡶ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᙉ㏕ᛶ᱁≉ᚩࢆከḟඖⓗ ࡟ᤊ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿᑻᗘ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࠗ᏶඲㏣ồ࠘㸪ࠗࢃࡀ ࡲࡲ࠘㸪ࠗⰋᚰᛶ࠘㸪ࠗඃᰂ୙᩿࠘ࡢ 4 ࡘࡢୗ఩ᑻᗘ࠿ࡽᵓ ᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬㡯┠ᩘࡣ඲ 20 㡯┠࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ྛୗ఩ᑻᗘ ࡟ 5 㡯┠ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ࠕ1. ඲ࡃ࠶࡚ࡣ ࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ㸪ࠕ2. ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ㸪ࠕ3. ࠶ࡲࡾ࠶࡚ࡣࡲ ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ㸪ࠕ4. ᑡࡋ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠖ㸪ࠕ5. ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠖ㸪ࠕ6. ࡜ ࡚ࡶࡼࡃ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠖࡢ 6 ௳ἲ࡛ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪 ࠕ௨ୗ࡟ᵝࠎ࡞ែᗘࡸ⪃࠼᪉ࡀ᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸬ࡑࢀࡒ ࢀࡢᩥ❶ࡣ࠶࡞ࡓ࡟࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡾࡲࡍ࠿㸬1͆඲ ࡃ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸͇㹼6͆࡜࡚ࡶࡼࡃ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿ͇ࡢ୰ ࡛࠶࡞ࡓ⮬㌟ࡀ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿ࡜ᛮ࠺࡜ࡇࢁ࡟୍ࡘۑ༳ࢆ ࡘࡅ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᩍ♧ᩥࡢࡶ࡜ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓ㸬 3) ୙ྜ⌮࡞⨥ᝏឤࢆ ᐃࡍࡿᑻᗘ ໭ᕝ࣭ఀ⸨ (2013) ࡀసᡂࡋࡓ୙ྜ⌮࡞⨥ᝏឤႏ㉳≧ ἣ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ཯ᛂ (⨥ᝏឤࢆᢪࡃ࠿࡝࠺࠿) ࢆᤊ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿᑻᗘ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࠗ⮬ᕫࡢ㛵୚ࡀᑠࡉ࡞≧ἣ࠘࡜ࠗ⮬ ᕫࡢ㛵୚ࡀ኱ࡁ࡞≧ἣ࠘ࡢ 2 ࡘࡢୗ఩ᑻᗘ࠿ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࠗ⮬ᕫࡢ㛵୚ࡀᑠࡉ࡞≧ἣ࠘࡜ࡣ㸪ࠕ኱ࡁ࡞஦ᨾ ࡢ⿕ᐖ࡟㐼ࡗࡓேࡓࡕ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࢆぢࡓ࡜ࡁࠖ࡞ ࡝ࡢ῝้࡞≧ἣ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ୙≉ᐃከᩘࡢேࠎࡢയࡘࡁ࡟ ᑐࡋ࡚⮬ศࡀఱࡶ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ⤒㦂ࡍࡿ⨥ᝏឤࡸ㸪ࠕ཭ ேࡀ࣑ࢫࢆࡋ࡚ⴠࡕ㎸ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࡜ࡁࠖ࡞࡝ࡢ⮬ศࡀ┤᥋ ࡢཎᅉ࡛࡞࠸≧ἣ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ௚⪅ࡢയࡘࡁ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚⮬ศ ࡀఱࡶ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ⤒㦂ࡍࡿ⨥ᝏឤࡀྵࡲࢀࡿ㸬࠸ࡎࢀ ࡶ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡀ௚⪅ࡢയࡘࡁࡢཎᅉ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪௚⪅ࡀയࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ≧ἣ࡛ఱࡶ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜㸪 ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⨥ᝏឤࢆ⤒㦂ࡍࡿ≧ἣ࡛࠶ ࡿ㸬ࠗ⮬ᕫࡢ㛵୚ࡀ኱ࡁ࡞≧ἣ࠘࡜ࡣ㸪ࠕ⏝஦ࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚཭ ேࡢ㢗ࡳࡈ࡜ࢆ᩿ࡗࡓ࡜ࡁࠖ࡞࡝ࡸࡴࢆᚓ࡞࠸⌮⏤ࡀ࠶ ࡗ࡚┦ᡭࡢ⏦ࡋฟࢆ᩿ࡗࡓ≧ἣ࡟࠾࠸࡚⤒㦂ࡍࡿ⨥ᝏ ឤࡸ㸪ࠕ⮬ศࡣᚿᮃ኱Ꮫ࡟ྜ᱁ࡋࡓࡀ㸪཭ேࡣ୙ྜ᱁ࡔ ࡗࡓ࡜ࡁࠖ⮬ศࡀ┦ᡭࡼࡾࡶከࡃࡢ‶㊊య㦂ࢆᣢࡗࡓ≧ ἣ࡟࠾࠸࡚⤒㦂ࡍࡿ⨥ᝏឤࡀྵࡲࢀࡿ㸬࠸ࡎࢀࡶ⮬ศࡢ ⾜ືࡸ⮬ศࡀ௚⪅ࡼࡾ຾ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ௚⪅ࢆ୙ᛌ࡞ Ẽᣢࡕ࡟ࡉࡏ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡟ᑐࡋ࡚⨥ᝏឤࢆ⤒㦂ࡍ ࡿ≧ἣ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬㡯┠ᩘࡣ඲ 20 㡯┠࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ྛୗ఩ᑻᗘ࡟ 10 㡯┠ࡀྵ ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ࠕ1. ඲ࡃឤࡌ࡞࠸ࠖ㸪ࠕ2. ࡯࡜ ࢇ࡝ឤࡌ࡞࠸ࠖ㸪ࠕ3. ࡝ࡕࡽ࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜ឤࡌ࡞࠸ࠖ㸪ࠕ4. ࡝ ࡕࡽ࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜ឤࡌࡿࠖ㸪ࠕ5. ᙉࡃឤࡌࡿࠖ㸪ࠕ6. 㠀ᖖ࡟ ᙉࡃឤࡌࡿࠖࡢ 6 ௳ἲ࡛ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࠕ௨ୗ࡟ ᵝࠎ࡞≧ἣࡀ࠿࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸬ࡑࡢ≧ἣ࡟࠾࠿ࢀࡓ࡜ࡁ ࠶࡞ࡓࡣ࡝ࢀࡃࡽ࠸ᙉࡃ⮬ศࡀࠗᝏ࠿ࡗࡓ࠘ࠗᝏ࠸࠘࡜ ឤࡌࡲࡍ࠿㸬1͆඲ࡃឤࡌ࡞࠸͇㹼6͆㠀ᖖ࡟ᙉࡃឤࡌࡿ͇ ࡢ୰࡛࠶࡞ࡓ⮬㌟ࡀ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿ࡜ᛮ࠺࡜ࡇࢁ࡟୍ࡘۑ ༳ࢆࡘࡅ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸㸬ࡇࢀࡲ࡛⤒㦂ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡢ࡞࠸≧ἣ ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ᝿ീࡋ࡚ᅇ⟅ࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᩍ♧ᩥࡢ ࡶ࡜ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓ㸬 ᡭ⥆ࡁ: ㄪᰝ᫬ᮇࡣ 2013 ᖺ 6 ᭶ୖ᪪࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬A ኱Ꮫ ࡛㛤ㅮࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ 3 ㅮ⩏࡟࠾࠸࡚ཷㅮ⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡟ㄪᰝ༠ ຊࢆ౫㢗ࡋ㸪ㅮ⩏᫬㛫ෆ࡟ㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ㄪᰝ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ ㄝ᫂ࢆࡍࡿ㝿࡟㸪ࠕ཰㞟ࡉࢀࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ⤫ィⓗ࡟ฎ⌮ࡉ ࢀ㸪ಶேࡢᅇ⟅ෆᐜ࡞බ⾲ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࠖ㸪ࠕ཰㞟ࡉࢀࡓ ࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ◊✲௨እࡢ┠ⓗ࡛ࡣ౑⏝ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࠖ㸪࠾ࡼ ࡧࠕㄪᰝ࡟ཧຍࡋࡓࡃ࡞࠸ሙྜ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㏵୰࡛ᅇ⟅ࢆ ࡸࡵࡓࡃ࡞ࡗࡓሙྜࡣᅇ⟅ࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡼ࠸ࡇ࡜ࠖࢆఏ࠼ࡓ㸬 Ϫ. ⤖ᯝ䛸⪃ᐹ 1. ྛᑻᗘ䛾ᵓᡂ ᙉ㏕ᛶ᱁ᑻᗘࡢ᳨ウ

(4)

඲ 20 㡯┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠕ඲ࡃ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ࠿ࡽࠕ࡜ ࡚ࡶࡼࡃ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠖࢆ 1 Ⅼ࠿ࡽ 6 Ⅼ࡜ࡋ࡚ᅇ⟅ࢆᚓⅬ ໬ࡋ㸪୺ᅉᏊἲ࡟ࡼࡿᅉᏊศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᅛ ᭷್ࡢኚ໬࡜ᅉᏊࡢゎ㔘ྍ⬟ᛶࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚ 3 ᅉᏊゎࢆ᥇ ⏝ࡋࡓ㸬ᅉᏊ㈇Ⲵ㔞ࡀ.35 ࡟‶ࡓ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㡯┠ࠕ᏶ᡂᗘ ࢆ㧗ࡵࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࡋࡵࡁࡾ࡟㐜ࢀࡑ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ ࡿ (.28) ࠖ࡜ࠕ࠺ࡑࢆࡘࡃࡢࡣ࡜࡚ࡶᝏ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠺ (.29) ࠖ࡜ࠕ௚ࡢேࡢ௙஦࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡘ࠸ᩥྃࡸᢈุࢆ ゝࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡓࡕࡔ (.31) ࠖࢆ๐㝖ࡋࡓ㸬ṧࡾࡢ 17 㡯 ┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚෌ᗘ 3 ᅉᏊࢆ௬ᐃࡋ࡚୺ᅉᏊἲ㸪ࣂ࣐ࣜࢵࢡ ࢫᅇ㌿࡟ࡼࡿᅉᏊศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪⣼✚ᐤ୚⋡ࡣ 38.46%࡛࠶ࡗࡓ (Table1) 㸬 ➨ 1 ᅉᏊࡣ㸪㛵ᒣ (2008) ࡀᢳฟࡋࡓࠗ᏶඲㏣ồ࠘ࡢ 5㡯┠࡜ࠗⰋᚰᛶ࠘ࡢ 3 㡯┠࠿ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࠕ7. ࡲࡌ ࡵࡔ㸪࡜ࡼࡃே࠿ࡽゝࢃࢀࡿࠖࡣ໅ຮࡉࢆ㸪ࠕ11. ௚⪅ࡢ ୙ṇࡣチࡏ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜ࠕ3. ㄡࡶぢ࡚࠸࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ㸪⚾ࡣ࣮ࣝ ࣝࢆᏲࡿࠖࡣ⛛ᗎᚿྥᛶࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶ᏶⎍୺ ⩏࡜㢮ఝࡋࡓ㡯┠࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚➨ 1 ᅉᏊࡣ ࠗ᏶඲㏣ồ࠘࡜ࡋࡓ㸬ࠗ᏶඲㏣ồ࠘࡜ࡣ㸪ఱ஦࡟࠾࠸࡚ ࡶ᏶⎍࡟ࡇ࡞ࡉ࡞ࡅࢀࡤẼࡀ῭ࡲ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ഴྥ࡛࠶ ࡿ㸬➨ 2 ᅉᏊࡣ㸪㛵ᒣ (2008) ࡀᢳฟࡋࡓࠗඃᰂ୙᩿࠘ ࡢ 4 㡯┠࡜ࠗࢃࡀࡲࡲ࠘ࡢࠕ18. ⚾ࡣࢣࢳࡔࠖ㸪ࠗⰋᚰᛶ࠘ ࡢࠕ15. ⚾ࡣ⨥ᝏឤࢆࡶࡕࡸࡍ࠸ࠖ࠿ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡇ ࡢ 2 㡯┠ࡣ㸪࠾㔠ࡸ୍ࡘࡢࡇ࡜࡟ᑐࡍࡿᇳ╔ࡸࡇࡔࢃࡾ ࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࠗඃᰂ୙᩿࠘ࡢ㡯┠ࡶྜࢃࡏࡿ࡜࠸ࡎࢀ ࡶ≀஦࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࡜ࡽࢃࢀࡸࡍࡉࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽ ࢀࡿ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚➨ 2 ᅉᏊࢆࠗ࡜ࡽࢃࢀ࠘࡜࿨ྡࡋࡓ㸬 ࠗ࡜ࡽࢃࢀ࠘࡜ࡣ㸪ࡦ࡜ࡘࡢ≀஦࡟࠸ࡘࡲ࡛ࡶࡇࡔࢃࡿ ഴྥ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬➨ 3 ᅉᏊࡣࠗࢃࡀࡲࡲ࠘ ࡟ྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ 3 㡯┠࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪 ᅉᏊྡࡣࠗࢃࡀࡲࡲ࠘࡜ࡋࡓ㸬ࠗࢃࡀ ࡲࡲ࠘࡜ࡣ㸪⮬ศ຾ᡭ࡟ࡩࡿࡲ࠺ഴ ྥ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬㛵ᒣ (2008) ࡣ 4 ᅉᏊࢆᢳฟࡋࡓ ࡀ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠗⰋᚰᛶ࠘ࡀࠗ᏶඲ ㏣ồ࠘࡜ࡲ࡜ࡲࡗ୍࡚ࡘࡢᅉᏊ࡟࡞ ࡾ㸪3 ᅉᏊᵓ㐀࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ⌮⏤ ࡢ୍ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪㛵ᒣ (2008) ࡣ⏨Ꮚ 㧗ᰯ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟࡟ㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡀᮏ◊ ✲࡛ࡣ኱Ꮫ⏕ࡢ⏨ᛶዪᛶ࠸ࡎࢀࡶᑐ ㇟࡟ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓᖺ㱋㸪ᛶ ูࡀ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿ㸬 ࡲࡓ㸪Ⰻᚰᛶࡣࡑࡶࡑࡶ᏶඲㏣ồ࡜ 㢮ఝࡋࡓᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ୍ࡘࡢᅉᏊ ࡟㞟⣙ࡋࡸࡍ࠿ࡗࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽ ࢀࡿ㸬 ಙ㢗ᛶࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵྛᅉᏊ࡟ࡘ ࠸࡚ࢡࣟࣥࣂࢵࢡࡢȘಀᩘࢆ⟬ฟࡋ ࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶ༑ศ࡞್ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ (Ș = .81, Ș = .82, Ș = .67, Ș = .70) 㸬ࡲࡓ㸪17 㡯┠ࡢྜィᚓⅬࢆ ࠗᙉ㏕ⓗᚰᛶ࠘ᚓⅬ࡜ࡋ (M = 67.6, SD = 10.25) 㸪3 ࡘࡢྛୗ఩ᑻᗘࡢ㡯 ┠ࡢྜィᚓⅬࢆ⟬ฟࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࠗ᏶ ᑻᗘ㡯┠ 䊠䊡䊢 ඹ㏻ᛶ 9 ࡸࡿ࡭ࡁࡇ࡜ࡣᚭᗏⓗ࡟ࡸࡾࡓ࠸ࠋ .784 .044 .092 .625 1 _{⣡ᚓ࡛ࡁࡿ᏶ᡂᗘ࡟࡞ࡿࡲ࡛㸪⚾ࡣດຊࡍࡿࠋ} .764 -.081 .108 .601 5 ఱ஦ࡶ᏶⎍࡟ࡸࡽ࡞࠸࡜Ẽࡀࡍࡲ࡞࠸ࠋ .699 .239 .165 .573 13 ᡭࡀࡅࡓ௙஦ࡣ㸪᭱ᚋࡲ࡛⮬ศ࡛ࡸࡾ㏻ࡉ࡞ࡅ ࢀࡤ⣡ᚓ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ .656 .031 .120 .446 7 ࡲࡌࡵࡔ㸪࡜ࡼࡃே࠿ࡽゝࢃࢀࡿࠋ .515 .248 -.041 .328 17 ࡼ࠸⤖ᯝࢆṧࡍࡓࡵ࡟ᴦࡋࡳࢆᡃ៏ࡍࡿࡢࡣᙜ ↛ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠺ࠋ .469 .099 -.045 .232 11 _{௚⪅ࡢ୙ṇ࡞⾜Ⅽࡣチࡏ࡞࠸ࠋ} .449 .179 .121 .248 3 ㄡࡶぢ࡚࠸࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ㸪⚾ࡣ࣮ࣝࣝࢆᏲࡿࠋ .419 .126 .003 .192 4 _{⚾ࡣุ᩿ࡍࡿࡢ࡟㛗࠸㛫㏞࠺ࠋ} .127 .680 -.016 .479 16 ⚾ࡣ㸪ᑠࡉ࡞ࡇ࡜࡛ࡶ᫬㛫ࢆ࠿ࡅ࡚⪃࠼ࡿࠋ .381 .479 .094 .384 15 ⚾ࡣ⨥ᝏឤࢆࡶࡕࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ .218 .478 -.001 .276 20 _{ࡩࡔࢇࡣ౑ࢃ࡞࠸≀࡛ࡶ㸪ᤞ࡚ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ} -.033 .456 .042 .211 8 ィ⏬㏻ࡾ࡟࠸࠿࡞࠸࡜㸪ᅔࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋ .287 .434 .078 .277 18 ⚾ࡣࢣࢳࡔࠋ -.002 .386 .139 .168 6 㡹ᅛࡔ㸪࡜ࡼࡃே࠿ࡽゝࢃࢀࡿࠋ .166 .080 .760 .612 2 ⚾ࡣពᆅࡗࡥࡾࡔࠋ .287 .026 .633 .483 10 ⮬ศ຾ᡭࡔ㸪࡜ࡼࡃே࠿ࡽゝࢃࢀࡿࠋ -.130 .141 .605 .402 ᅉᏊᐤ୚ 4.03 1.31 1.20 ᐤ୚⋡ 23.71 7.70 31.40 ⣼✚ᐤ୚⋡ 1.20 7.06 38.46 Ϩ㸬ࠕ᏶඲㏣ồࠖᅉᏊ( = .82) ϩ㸬ࠕ࡜ࡽࢃࢀࠖᅉᏊ( = .67) Ϫ㸬ࠕࢃࡀࡲࡲࠖᅉᏊ( = .70) ͤ⥙᥃ࡅ㒊ศࡣᅉᏊ㈇Ⲵ㔞ࡀ.35௨ୖ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⾲ࡍࠋ Table1㻌 ᙉ㏕ᛶ᱁ᑻᗘ䛾ᅉᏊ㈇Ⲵ㔞 (୺ᅉᏊἲ, 䝞䝸䝬䝑䜽䝇ᅇ㌿)

(5)

඲㏣ồ࠘ୗ఩ᑻᗘᚓⅬ (M = 32.3, SD = 6.27) 㸪ࠗ࡜ࡽࢃ ࢀ࠘ୗ఩ᑻᗘᚓⅬ (M = 24.0, SD = 4.69) 㸪ࠗࢃࡀࡲࡲ࠘ ୗ఩ᑻᗘᚓⅬ (M = 11.3, SD = 2.95) ࡜ࡋࡓ㸬 ୙ྜ⌮࡞⨥ᝏឤᑻᗘࡢ᳨ウ ඲ 20 㡯┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠕ඲ࡃឤࡌ࡞࠸ࠖ࠿ࡽࠕ㠀ᖖ࡟ᙉ ࡃឤࡌࡿࠖࢆ 1 Ⅼ࠿ࡽ 6 Ⅼ࡜ࡋ࡚ᅇ⟅ࢆᚓⅬ໬ࡋ㸪20 㡯┠ࡢྜィᚓⅬࢆࠗ୙ྜ⌮࡞⨥ᝏឤ࠘ᚓⅬ࡜ࡋࡓ (M = 62.9, SD = 15.18) 㸬ࡲࡓ 2 ࡘࡢྛୗ఩ᑻᗘࡢ㡯┠ࡢྜ ィᚓⅬࢆ⟬ฟࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࠗ⮬ᕫࡢ㛵୚ࡀᑠࡉ࡞≧ἣ࠘ ୗ఩ᑻᗘᚓⅬ (M = 29.0, SD = 9.67) 㸪ࠗ⮬ᕫࡢ㛵୚ࡀ኱ ࡁ࡞≧ἣ࠘ୗ఩ᑻᗘᚓⅬ (M = 33.8, SD = 7.60) ࡜ࡋࡓ㸬 2. ᛶᕪ䛾᳨ウ ୖ㏙ࡋࡓ 2 ᑻᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᛶᕪࡢ᳨ウࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ࡲࡎᙉ ㏕ᛶ᱁ᑻᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪⏨ᛶ࡜ዪᛶࡑࢀࡒࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᙉ㏕ ⓗᚰᛶ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᑻᗘᚓⅬࢆ⟬ฟࡋ㸪ᖹᆒ್ࡢᕪࡢ᳨ᐃࢆ ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ࠗᙉ㏕ⓗᚰᛶ࠘(⏨ᛶ: M = 67.6, SD = 10.30, _ዪᛶ:M = 67.7, SD = 10.17, t (326) = 0.101, ns) _㸪 ࠗ᏶඲㏣ồ࠘ (⏨ᛶ: M = 32.6, SD = 6.26, ዪᛶ: M = 32.1, SD = 6.24, t (326) = 0.699, ns) 㸪ࠗ࡜ࡽࢃࢀ࠘ (⏨ ᛶ: M = 23.9, SD = 4.88, ዪᛶ: M = 24.2, SD = 4.48, t (326) = 0.616, ns) 㸪ࠗࢃࡀࡲࡲ࠘ (⏨ᛶ: M = 11.1, SD = 3.13, ዪᛶ: M = 11.4, SD = 2.76, t (326) = 0.850, ns) ࠸ ࡎࢀ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ᭷ពᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪 ᙉ㏕ⓗᚰᛶ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᛶᕪࡣࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ḟ ࡟୙ྜ⌮࡞⨥ᝏឤᑻᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪⏨ᛶ࡜ዪᛶࡑࢀࡒࢀ࡟ ࡘ࠸࡚୙ྜ⌮࡞⨥ᝏឤ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᑻᗘᚓⅬࢆ⟬ฟࡋ㸪ᖹᆒ ್ࡢᕪࡢ᳨ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ࠗ୙ྜ⌮࡞⨥ᝏឤ࠘ ࡛ࡣ᭷ពᕪࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ (⏨ᛶ: M = 60.4, SD = 14.8, ዪ ᛶ: M = 65.5, SD = 15.2, t (326) = 3.087, p < .01, r = .17) 㸪ዪᛶࡢ᪉ࡀ⏨ᛶࡼࡾࡶ୙ྜ⌮࡞⨥ᝏឤࢆᙉࡃᢪ ࠸ࡓ㸬ୗ఩ᑻᗘࡢࠗ⮬ᕫࡢ㛵୚ࡀᑠࡉ࡞≧ἣ࡛࠘ࡣ᭷ព ᕪࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ (⏨ᛶ: M = 28.0, SD = 9.4, ዪᛶ: M = 30.2, SD = 9.8, t (326) = 2.060, p < .05, r = .11) 㸪ዪᛶ ࡢ᪉ࡀ⏨ᛶࡼࡾࡶ⮬ᕫࡢ㛵୚ࡀᑠࡉ࡞≧ἣ࡟࠾࠸࡚⨥ ᝏឤࢆᙉࡃᢪ࠸ࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࠗ⮬ᕫࡢ㛵୚ࡀ኱ࡁ࡞≧ἣ࠘ ࡛ࡣ᭷ពᕪࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ (⏨ᛶ: M = 32.4, SD = 7.4, ዪᛶ: M = 35.4, SD = 7.6, t (326) = 3.534, p < .001, r = .19) 㸪 ዪᛶࡢ᪉ࡀ⏨ᛶࡼࡾࡶ⮬ᕫࡢ㛵୚ࡀ኱ࡁ࡞≧ἣ࡟࠾࠸ ࡚⨥ᝏឤࢆᙉࡃᢪ࠸ࡓ㸬௨ୖ࠿ࡽ୙ྜ⌮࡞⨥ᝏឤ࡜ࡑࡢ ୗ఩ᑻᗘᚓⅬ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᛶᕪࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࡓࡵ㸪௨㝆ࡢศ ᯒࢆ⏨ዪู࡟ศࡅ࡚⾜ࡗࡓ㸬 ୙ྜ⌮࡞⨥ᝏឤᚓⅬ㸪ྛୗ఩ᑻᗘᚓⅬࡢᖹᆒ್࡟࠾࠸ ࡚㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶዪᛶࡢ᪉ࡀ⏨ᛶࡼࡾࡶ㧗࠸್ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪 ᛶᕪࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ㸬⩚Ụ࣭㧘ᶫ (2006) ࡶዪᛶࡢ᪉ࡀ⏨ ᛶࡼࡾࡶ୙ྜ⌮࡞⨥ᝏឤࢆ⤒㦂ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿ ࡟ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡶྠᵝࡢ⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓ㸬⩚Ụ࣭ 㧘ᶫ (2006) ࡣᛶᕪ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ዪᛶࡣ⏨ᛶࡼࡾࡶ௚⪅࡬ ࡢ㓄៖ࡸ᝟⥴ⓗ⤖ࡧࡘࡁࡀᙉ࠸ࡓࡵ㸪┦ᡭ࡟୚࠼ࡓྍ⬟ ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿᐖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚Ẽ࡟ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸࡜㏙ ࡭࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣዪᛶࡢ᪉ࡀ⏨ᛶࡼࡾࡶ ⨥ᝏឤࡑࡢࡶࡢࢆᙉࡃឤࡌࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ (▼ ᕝ࣭ෆᒣ, 2002) 㸬≉࡟㟷ᖺᮇ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣᛶᕪࡀ㢧ⴭ࡟ ࡳࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚㸪ዪᛶࡢ᪉ࡀ⨥ᝏឤࢆᙉࡃឤࡌࡿ ࡇ࡜ࡶ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢせᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᛶᙺ๭ࡸᗂᑡᮇ ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ୧ぶࡢࡋࡘࡅࡢ┦㐪ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ (Bybee, 1998) 㸬ዪᛶࡀ⏨ᛶ࡜ẚ࡭࡚௚⪅࡬ࡢ㓄៖ࡀᙉ࠸࡜࠸࠺ ࡼࡾࡣ㸪♫఍ⓗ࡟ࡑ࠺࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪⤖ᯝ ࡜ࡋ࡚௚⪅࡬ࡢ㓄៖ࡀᙉࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪⨥ᝏឤࢆᙉࡃឤࡌࡿࡼ ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪௚⪅ࡢയࡘࡁ࡟㓄 ៖ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከࡃồࡵࡽࢀࡿዪᛶࡣ㸪௚⪅ࡢയࡘࡁ࡟Ẽ ௜ࡁࡸࡍࡃ㸪࡞࠾࠿ࡘ㈐௵ࢆឤࡌࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚୙ྜ⌮ ࡞≧ἣ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ⨥ᝏឤࢆᢪࡁࡸࡍ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛࠶ ࢁ࠺࠿㸬 ࡲࡓ㸪ዪᛶࡢ᪉ࡀ⏨ᛶࡼࡾࡶඹឤᛶࡀ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ (ฟཱྀ࣭ᩪ⸨, 1991) 㸬ඹឤᛶ࡜⨥ᝏឤࡀᐦ᥋࡟ 㛵ಀࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ Hoffman (2000 ⳥ụ࣭஧ᐑヂ 2001) ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ዪᛶࡀ⏨ᛶࡼࡾࡶඹឤᛶࢆ㧗ࡃ ࡶࡘࡓࡵ㸪⨥ᝏឤࢆᙉࡃᢪࡃ࡜࠸࠼ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸬୙ྜ⌮ ࡞⨥ᝏឤࡣ௚⪅ࡢയࡘࡁࢆᩄឤ࡟ឤࡌྲྀࡾ㸪ඹឤࡍࡿࡇ ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⏕ࡌࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪ඹឤᛶࡢ㧗࠸ዪᛶ ࡀ୙ྜ⌮࡞⨥ᝏឤࢆᢪࡁࡸࡍ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬 3. ྛኚᩘ㛫䛾㛵㐃 ྛኚᩘ㛫ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪⏨ዪࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࣆ ࢔ࢯࣥࡢ┦㛵ಀᩘࢆ⟬ฟࡋࡓ (Table2, 3) 㸬ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪 ᙉ㏕ⓗᚰᛶ࡜୙ྜ⌮࡞⨥ᝏឤ࡜ࡢ㛫࡛ࡣ㸪⏨ዪ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ ࠗ⮬ᕫࡢ㛵୚ࡀ኱ࡁ࠸≧ἣ࠘࡜ࠗᙉ㏕ⓗᚰᛶ࠘ (⏨ᛶ: r = .27, ዪᛶ: r = .26) 㸪ࠗ᏶඲㏣✲࠘ (⏨ᛶ: r = .20, ዪᛶ: r = .23) 㸪ࠗ࡜ࡽࢃࢀ࠘ (⏨ᛶ: r = .36, ዪᛶ: r = .24) ࡜

(6)

Table4 ⏨ᛶ䛻䛚䛡䜛ᙉ㏕ⓗᚰᛶ䛛䜙䜏䛯୙ྜ⌮䛺⨥ᝏឤ䛾ᖹᆒ್䛾ᕪ ࡢ㛫࡟ 1%Ỉ‽࡛᭷ព࡞ṇࡢ┦㛵ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪⏨ ᛶࡢࡳ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ࠗ୙ྜ⌮࡞⨥ᝏឤ࠘࡜ࠗᙉ㏕ⓗᚰᛶ࠘ (r = .21) 㸪ࠗ᏶඲㏣✲࠘ (r = .19) 㸪ࠗ࡜ࡽࢃࢀ࠘ (r = .25) ࡜ ࡢ㛫࡟ 1%Ỉ‽࡟࠾࠸࡚᭷ព࡞ṇࡢ┦㛵ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓ㸬 ⏨ዪ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ㸪ᙉ㏕ⓗᚰᛶᚓⅬཬࡧྛୗ఩ᑻᗘᚓⅬ࡜ ࠗ⮬ᕫࡢ㛵୚ࡀᑠࡉ࡞≧ἣ࠘ ᚓⅬ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞┦㛵ࡀㄆ ࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ࠗ⮬ᕫࡢ㛵୚ ࡀᑠࡉ࡞≧ἣ࠘ࡣࡼࡾ୙ྜ⌮ ࡞≧ἣ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪⨥ᝏឤࢆ ᭷ࡍࡿேࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ㸪ᙉ㏕ⓗᚰ ᛶ࡜ࡢ᫂☜࡞㛵㐃ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡞ ࠿ࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪 ⏨ዪ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ㸪ࠗࢃࡀࡲࡲ࠘࡜ ୙ྜ⌮࡞⨥ᝏឤᚓⅬཬࡧྛୗ ఩ᑻᗘᚓⅬ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞┦ 㛵ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࠗࢃࡀࡲࡲ࠘ࡣ฼ ᕫⓗ࡞≉ᚩࡶᙉࡃ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡓࡵ㸪௚⪅ࡢയࡘࡁࢆࢃࡊࢃ ࡊ⮬ศࡢ㈐௵࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼࡟ࡃ ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸬 4. ᙉ㏕ⓗᚰᛶ䛸୙ྜ⌮䛺⨥ᝏ ឤ䛸䛾㛵㐃 ᙉ㏕ⓗᚰᛶᚓⅬࡢ୰ኸ್ (Median = 67.5) ࢆᇶ‽࡟ㄪ ᰝ༠ຊ⪅ࢆ 2 ⩌࡟ศ㢮ࡋࡓ㸬 ప⩌࡟ࡣ 173 ྡ (⏨ᛶ 79 ྡ㸪 ዪᛶ 77 ྡ) 㸪㧗⩌࡟ࡣ 157 ྡ (⏨ᛶ 92 ྡ㸪ዪᛶ 80 ྡ) ࡀ ศ㢮ࡉࢀ㸪2 ⩌࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ᖹᆒ ್࡜ᶆ‽೫ᕪࢆ⟬ฟࡋࡓ㸬ࡑ ࡋ࡚㸪ᙉ㏕ⓗᚰᛶ࡜୙ྜ⌮࡞ ⨥ᝏឤࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵ t᳨ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ (Table4, 5) 㸬 ⏨ᛶ㸸ᙉ㏕ⓗᚰᛶᚓⅬప⩌࡜ 㧗⩌࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠕ୙ྜ⌮࡞⨥ᝏ ឤࠖᚓⅬࡢᖹᆒ್ࡢᕪࡢ᳨ウ ࡍࡿࡓࡵt᳨ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪 ᭷ពᕪࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ (t (169) = 2.610, p < .05, r = .20) 㸬 ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪㧗⩌ࡣప⩌࡟ẚ࡭࡚ࠕ୙ྜ⌮࡞⨥ᝏឤࠖᚓ Ⅼࡀ㧗࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ḟ࡟㸪ᙉ㏕ⓗᚰᛶᚓⅬప⩌࡜㧗⩌࡟ࡘ࠸ ࡚ࠕ⮬ᕫࡢ㛵୚ࡀᑠࡉ࠸≧ἣࠖᚓⅬࡢᖹᆒ್ࡢᕪࢆ᳨ウ ࡍࡿࡓࡵ t ᳨ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪᭷ពᕪࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ (t ᙉ㏕ⓗᚰᛶ 䡊 M SD _䡐್ df p ప⩌ 77 64.4 14.06 0.890 155 .375 㧗⩌ 80 66.5 16.23 ప⩌ 77 30.5 9.80 0.441 155 .660 㧗⩌ 80 29.8 9.93 ప⩌ 77 33.9 6.49 2.397 155 .018 㧗⩌ 80 36.7 8.29 ⮬ᕫࡢ㛵୚ࡀ ኱ࡁ࡞≧ἣ ୙ྜ⌮࡞⨥ᝏឤ ⮬ᕫࡢ㛵୚ࡀ ᑠࡉ࡞≧ἣ Table2㻌 ⏨ᛶ䛻䛚䛡䜛ᙉ㏕ⓗᚰᛶ䛸୙ྜ⌮䛺⨥ᝏឤ䛾┦㛵ಀᩘ ᙉ㏕ⓗᚰᛶ ᏶඲㏣ồ ࡜ࡽࢃࢀ ࢃࡀࡲࡲ ୙ྜ⌮࡞_⨥ᝏឤ ⮬ᕫࡢ㛵୚ࡀ_{ᑠࡉ࡞≧ἣ} ⮬ᕫࡢ㛵୚ࡀ_{኱ࡁ࡞≧ἣ} ᙉ㏕ⓗᚰᛶ .822** .719** .527** .209** .116 .271** ᏶඲㏣ồ .311** .222** .190* .140 .201** ࡜ࡽࢃࢀ .187* .245** .106 .356** ࢃࡀࡲࡲ -.072 -.062 -.065 ୙ྜ⌮࡞ ⨥ᝏឤ .907 ** .843** ⮬ᕫࡢ㛵୚ࡀ ᑠࡉ࡞≧ἣ .539** **p < .01, *p < .05 ᙉ㏕ⓗᚰᛶ ᏶඲㏣ồ ࡜ࡽࢃࢀ ࢃࡀࡲࡲ ୙ྜ⌮࡞_⨥ᝏឤ ⮬ᕫࡢ㛵୚ࡀ_{ᑠࡉ࡞≧ἣ} ⮬ᕫࡢ㛵୚ࡀ_{኱ࡁ࡞≧ἣ} ᙉ㏕ⓗᚰᛶ .863** .763** .492** .120 -.018 .263** ᏶඲㏣ồ .434** .211** .096 -.028 .228** ࡜ࡽࢃࢀ .206** .137 .025 .241** ࢃࡀࡲࡲ .003 -.043 .061 ୙ྜ⌮࡞ ⨥ᝏឤ .904** .832** ⮬ᕫࡢ㛵୚ࡀ ᑠࡉ࡞≧ἣ .515** **p < .01, *p < .05 Table3㻌 ዪᛶ䛻䛚䛡䜛ᙉ㏕ⓗᚰᛶ䛸୙ྜ⌮䛺⨥ᝏឤ䛾┦㛵ಀᩘ ᙉ㏕ⓗᚰᛶ 䡊 M SD _䡐್ df p ప⩌ 79 57.2 13.37 2.610 169 .010 㧗⩌ 92 63.1 15.50 ప⩌ 79 26.3 8.61 2.096 169 .038 㧗⩌ 92 29.3 9.95 ప⩌ 79 30.9 6.70 2.527 169 .012 㧗⩌ 92 33.7 7.74 ୙ྜ⌮࡞⨥ᝏឤ ⮬ᕫࡢ㛵୚ࡀ ᑠࡉ࡞≧ἣ ⮬ᕫࡢ㛵୚ࡀ ኱ࡁ࡞≧ἣ Table4 㻌 ⏨ᛶ䛻䛚䛡䜛ᙉ㏕ⓗᚰᛶ䛛䜙䜏䛯୙ྜ⌮䛺⨥ᝏឤ䛾ᖹᆒ್䛾ᕪ Table5㻌 ዪᛶ䛻䛚䛡䜛ᙉ㏕ⓗᚰᛶ䛛䜙䜏䛯୙ྜ⌮䛺⨥ᝏឤ䛾ᖹᆒ್䛾ᕪ

(7)

(169) = 2.096, p < .05, r = .16) 㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪㧗⩌ࡣప ⩌࡟ẚ࡭࡚ࠕ⮬ᕫࡢ㛵୚ࡀᑠࡉ࠸≧ἣࠖᚓⅬࡀ㧗࠿ࡗࡓ㸬 ḟ࡟㸪ᙉ㏕ⓗᚰᛶᚓⅬప⩌࡜㧗⩌࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠕ⮬ᕫࡢ㛵୚ ࡀ኱ࡁ࠸≧ἣࠖᚓⅬࡢᖹᆒ್ࡢᕪࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵt_᳨ᐃ ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪᭷ពᕪࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ (t (169) = 2.527, p < .05, r = .19) 㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪㧗⩌ࡣప⩌࡟ẚ࡭࡚ࠕ⮬ ᕫࡢ㛵୚ࡀᑠࡉ࠸≧ἣࠖᚓⅬࡀ㧗࠿ࡗࡓ㸬 ዪᛶ㸸ᙉ㏕ⓗᚰᛶᚓⅬప⩌࡜㧗⩌࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠕ୙ྜ⌮࡞⨥ ᝏឤࠖᚓⅬࡢᖹᆒ್ࡢᕪࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵt᳨ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ ⤖ᯝ㸪᭷ពᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ (t (155) = 0.890, ns, r = .07) 㸬ḟ࡟㸪ᙉ㏕ⓗᚰᛶᚓⅬప⩌࡜㧗⩌࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠕ⮬ ᕫࡢ㛵୚ࡀᑠࡉ࠸≧ἣࠖᚓⅬࡢᖹᆒ್ࡢᕪࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓ ࡵ t _{᳨ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪᭷ពᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ (}t (155) = 0.441, ns, r = .04) 㸬ḟ࡟㸪ᙉ㏕ⓗᚰᛶᚓⅬప⩌ ࡜㧗⩌࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠕ⮬ᕫࡢ㛵୚ࡀ኱ࡁ࠸≧ἣࠖᚓⅬࡢᖹᆒ ್ࡢᕪࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵt_{᳨ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪᭷ពᕪࡀㄆ} ࡵࡽࢀࡓ (t (155) = 2.397, p < .05, r = .19) 㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ ࡚㸪㧗⩌ࡣప⩌࡟ẚ࡭࡚ࠕ⮬ᕫࡢ㛵୚ࡀᑠࡉ࠸≧ἣࠖᚓ Ⅼࡀ㧗࠿ࡗࡓ㸬 ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ᙉ㏕ⓗᚰᛶࡀ୙ྜ⌮࡞⨥ᝏឤ࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ 㡪ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪⏨ᛶ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᙉ㏕ⓗᚰᛶ ࡀ㧗࠸࡯࡝⮬ᕫࡢ㛵୚ࡀ኱ࡁ࡞≧ἣ㸪⮬ᕫࡢ㛵୚ࡀᑠࡉ ࡞≧ἣ࠸ࡎࢀ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ୙ྜ⌮࡞⨥ᝏឤࢆᢪࡁࡸࡍ࠸ ࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡾ㸪ዪᛶ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᙉ㏕ⓗᚰᛶࡀ㧗 ࠸࡯࡝⮬ᕫࡢ㛵୚ࡀ኱ࡁ࡞≧ἣ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡢࡳ୙ྜ⌮࡞ ⨥ᝏឤࢆᢪࡁࡸࡍ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪⮬ᕫ ࡢ㛵୚ࡀᑠࡉ࡞≧ἣ㸪⮬ᕫࡢ㛵୚ࡀ኱ࡁ࡞≧ἣ࠸ࡎࢀ࡟ ࠾࠸࡚ࡶዪᛶࡢ᪉ࡀ⏨ᛶࡼࡾࡶ⨥ᝏឤࢆᢪࡁࡸࡍ࠸ࡇ ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ᙉ㏕ⓗᚰᛶࢆ㧗࠸⪅ࡣࢥࣥ ࢺ࣮ࣟࣝḧồࡀ㧗ࡃ㸪≀஦ࡢཎᅉࢆ᫂☜࡟ࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ ഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪⮬ศࡀ௚⪅ࡢയࡘࡁࡢ┤᥋ࡢཎᅉ࡛࡞ ࡃ࡜ࡶ㸪⮬ᕫࡢ㛵୚ࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜ࡟ࡣ㈐௵ࢆឤࡌ࡚⨥ᝏឤ ࡀႏ㉳ࡉࢀࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪⏨ᛶ࡛ࡣ⮬ᕫࡢ㛵୚ ࡀᑠࡉ࡞≧ἣ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ⨥ᝏឤࡢႏ㉳࡟ᙉ㏕ⓗᚰᛶࡢ ᙳ㡪ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࡀ㸪ዪᛶ࡛ࡣ⨥ᝏឤࡢႏ㉳࡟ูࡢせᅉ ࡀࡣࡓࡽ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ዪᛶ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪 ୙≉ᐃከᩘࡢ௚⪅ࡢ῝้࡞യࡘࡁࡸぶࡋ࠸௚⪅ࡢയࡘ ࡁ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ఱࡶ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ⏦ࡋヂ࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࡇ࡜ ࡬ࡢᙉ㏕ⓗᚰᛶࡢᙳ㡪ࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ࡘࡲࡾ㸪ཎ ᅉࡀ⮬ศ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜᫂☜࡟ࢃ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ஦᯶࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ ࡣ⨥ᝏឤࢆ⤒㦂ࡋ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸬୍᪉㸪ࡶࡋ ࠿ࡋࡓࡽ⮬ศࡀᝏ࠸࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸࡜࠿㸪ᑡࡋࡣ⮬ศࡀᝏ ࠸㸪࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡟⮬ศࡀࢥࣥࢺ࣮࡛ࣟࣝࡁࡓవᆅࡀ࠶ࡿ ሙྜ࡟⨥ᝏឤࢆ⤒㦂ࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ዪᛶ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪 ⮬ᕫࡢ㛵୚ࡀᑠࡉ࡞≧ἣ࡛⤒㦂ࡍࡿ⨥ᝏឤ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬ ࡰࡍせᅉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ௒ᚋࡶ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡜ ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬 ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩㻌

Bybee, J. 1998 Guilt and Children San Diego:

Academic Press. ฟཱྀಖ⾜࣭ᩪ⸨⪔஧ 1991 ඹឤᛶࡢⓎ㐩ⓗ◊✲ ᮾி Ꮫⱁ኱Ꮫ⣖せ, 42, 119-134. Freud, S. 1908 ࠕᛶ᱁࡜⫠㛛ឡࠖ ᠱ⏣ඞᑕ࣭ྜྷᮧ༤ḟ ヂ 1969 ࣇࣟ࢖ࢺⴭస㞟 5 ேᩥ᭩㝔 ⩚Ụᮍ㔛࣭㧘ᶫ㟹ᜨ 2006 㟷ᖺᮇ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⨥ᝏឤࡀ⢭ ⚄ⓗ೺ᗣ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪̿ᑐேሙ㠃࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࡜ࡽࢃࢀ ࡜୙ྜ⌮ࡉࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋ࡚̿ ᪥ᮏ㟷ᖺᚰ⌮Ꮫ఍኱఍ Ⓨ⾲ㄽᩥ㞟, 14, 32-33.

Hoffman, M. L. 1984 Empathy, its limitations, and its role in a comprehensive moral theory New York: Wiley.

Hoffman, M. L. 2000 Empathy and Moral Development ̽Implications for Caring and Justice ̽ Cambridge University Press.

(⳥ụ❶ኵ࣭஧ᐑඞ⨾ヂ 2001 ඹឤ࡜㐨ᚨᛶࡢⓎ㐩 ᚰ⌮Ꮫ㸸ᛮ࠸ࡸࡾ࡜ṇ⩏࡜ࡢ࠿࠿ࢃࡾ࡛ ᕝᓥ᭩ᗑ) ▼ᕝ㝯⾜࣭ෆᒣఀ▱㑻 2002 㟷ᖺᮇࡢ⨥ᝏឤ࡜ඹឤᛶ ࠾ࡼࡧᙺ๭ྲྀᚓ⬟ຊࡢ㛵㐃 Ⓨ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲, 13 (1), 12-19. ໭ᕝ⿱⨾࣭ఀ⸨᐀ぶ 2013 ୙ྜ⌮࡞⨥ᝏឤᑻᗘసᡂࡢ ヨࡳ ᒱ㜧኱Ꮫ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ㛤Ⓨ◊✲, 30(1), 66-72. Salzman, L. M, D. 1968 The Obsessive Personality

̽Origins, dynamics and therapy̽ Jason Aronson, Inc.

(ᡂ⏣⩏ᘯ࣭➟ཎ჆ヂ 1985 ᙉ㏕ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕ ࡳࡍࡎ᭩ᡣ)

㛵ᒣᚭ 2008 㧗ᰯ⏕࡟࠾ࡅࡿᙉ㏕ᛶ᱁࡜⢭⚄ⓗ೺ᗣ 㮵ඣᓥ኱Ꮫᩍ⫱Ꮫ㒊ᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶◊✲⣖せ, 18, 163-17. Zahn-walxler, C., & Kochanska, G. 1990 The

origins of guilt Lincoln : University of Nebraska Press.