システムシンキングによる意思決定のための知識伝承

३५ॸ঒३থय़থॢपेॊ

ਔઓৠ৒भञीभੴ௙஫അ

ிʮٻܖٻܖᨈૼ᪸؏о঺ᅹܖᄂᆮᅹʴ᧓࿢ؾܖݦૌ

ϱ૙੉ ᆍ૾ ԧپ

Kazuo Hiekata, Associate Professor

Graduate School of Frontier Sciences,

The University of Tokyo

ਸ਼

ਸ਼৚

৚

৚ ੴ௙؞ૼ୒؞ૼચभ஫അ੍ରଢ଼஢ভ

ভ -XO\

ਸ਼

ਸ਼

6,*

*

*

*

*

*

*.67

৚

৚

৚

৚

৚

777

77

ੴ௙

ੴ

ੴ

௙ ૼ

௙





ૼ

ૼ

ૼ



 :HE

୒

୒

ૼચभ

ૼચभ

EEਁ৫৷੝ၖග

भ஫അ੍ରଢ଼஢

ରଢ଼஢

ග

ග

஢

ᴫせ

▱㆑䜔⤒㦂䛾ఏᢎ䛿䚸⏘ᴗ⌧ሙ䜔♫఍ไᗘ䛾⌧⾜䜸䝨

䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䛾⥔ᣢ⥅⥆䛜┠ⓗ䛷䛒䜛䚹୍᪉䛷䚸௻ᴗ䜔♫

఍䛾㔜せ䛺ㄢ㢟䜢ྲྀ䜚ᕳ䛟䝅䝇䝔䝮䛿AI䜔IoT䛸䛔䛳䛯㏆

ᖺ䛾ᢏ⾡䛾ᾐ㏱䛻䜘䜚」㞧໬䞉኱つᶍ໬䛜㐍䜣䛷䛚䜚䚸

㐣ཤ䛾⤒㦂䛻ᇶ䛵䛔䛯ពᛮỴᐃ䛜ᚲ䛪䛧䜒᭷ຠ䛷䛿䛺

䛔䚹௒ᚋ䛿⵳✚䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛▱㆑䜔⤒㦂䜢䝅䝇䝔䝮䝅䞁䜻

䞁䜾䛻䛚䛡䜛ᑐ㇟䛾䝰䝕䝹ᵓ⠏䛻ά⏝䛧䚸䝰䝕䝹䝧䞊䝇

䛷ពᛮỴᐃ䜢⾜䛖䝥䝻䝉䝇䛾⤌⧊䜈䛾ᐇ⿦䛜᭷┈䛸⪃䛘

䜙䜜䜛䚹

ᮏⓎ⾲䛷䛿䝅䝇䝔䝮䝅䞁䜻䞁䜾䚸䝰䝕䝹䝧䞊䝇䛾ពᛮỴ

ᐃ䛾䛯䜑䛾ᡭἲ䛸䜿䞊䝇䚸䜎䛯䚸▱㆑ఏᢎ䛸䛾㛵ಀ䛻䛴

䛔䛶㏙䜉䜛䚹

GTL 2

⤒㦂䛻䜘䜛ᑐᛂ ᙧᘧ▱䛻䜘䜛⤒㦂䛾 ௦᭰ ே㛫䛾⬟ຊ䠄⤒㦂䠅䜢 ㉸䛘䜛኱つᶍ䝅䝇䝔 䝮䛾⟶⌮ 〇ရ」㞧ᗘ䛾䜲 䝯䞊䝆 (㌴㍕䝬䜲䝁 䞁ᩘ䠅 1980ᖺ௦ 10ಶ⛬ᗘ 2000ᖺ䛾㌴㍕䝬䜲䝁 䞁50ಶ⛬ᗘ 2015ᖺ௨㝆䛾㌴㍕䝬 䜲䝁䞁᭱኱200ಶ ⤒㦂䝧䞊䝇 䝹䞊䝹䝧䞊䝇 䝅䝇䝔䝮䝈䝅䞁䜻䞁 䜾䞉䝰䝕䝹䝧䞊䝇 ពᛮỴᐃ᰿ᣐ ᬯ㯲▱䜔⤒㦂䛻ᇶ䛵䛔䛯 ពᛮỴᐃ 䝬䝙䝳䜰䝹䚸సᴗᶆ‽䚸 ᢏ⾡ᩥ᭩➼䛷♧䛥䜜 䜛ᙧᘧ▱䛻䜘䜛ពᛮ Ỵᐃ Needs䚸Intent䚸 Function䚸Form䛻䜘䜛 䝅䝇䝔䝮䝰䝕䝹グ㏙䜢 ୰ᚰ䛸䛧䛯ᙧᘧ▱໬ ఏᢎ᪉ἲ䛚䜘䜃ఏ ᢎရ㉁ OJT➼䛻䜘䜚ఏᢎ䛧䚸ఏ䜟 䜛ෆᐜ䛿ಶே䛾㈨㉁䛻౫ Ꮡ ఏᢎ䛥䜜䛯ಶே䛻䜘䜚䝥 䝻䝉䝇䜢⥔ᣢ ᩥ᭩➼䛻䜘䜚ᙧᘧ▱ ໬䛥䜜䛯ෆᐜ䜢ఏᢎ ⌮ゎ䜢క䜟䛺䛟䛸䜒䝹 䞊䝹䛻䜘䜚䝥䝻䝉䝇䛾 ཯᚟䛜ྍ⬟ AI/᝟ሗᢏ⾡䛾ᨭ᥼䛜 ᭷ຠ 䝅䝇䝔䝮䛸䛧䛶䛾⌮ゎ 䜢ఏᢎ 䝹䞊䝹䝧䞊䝇䛻䜘䜛 ▱㆑ఏᢎ䛸ే⏝䛧䛶䝥 䝻䝉䝇䜢⥔ᣢ

䝰䝕䝹䝧䞊䝇ពᛮỴᐃ䛻䜘䜛▱㆑ఏᢎ䛾

ᚲせᛶ

3

┠ḟ

• 䝅䝇䝔䝮ᛮ⪃䞉䝅䝇䝔䝮䝈䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏䛻䜘䜛ពᛮ

Ỵᐃ

• Stakeholder Analysis

• 䝅䝇䝔䝮䝰䝕䝸䞁䜾

• 䝰䝕䝹䝧䞊䝇ពᛮỴᐃ

• 䜿䞊䝇䝇䝍䝕䜱

• 䝅䝇䝔䝮䝅䞁䜻䞁䜾䛻䜘䜛ពᛮỴᐃ䛾䛯䜑䛾▱㆑

ఏᢎ

18 March 2015 GTL 4

SYSTEM THINKING

_{पेॊਔઓৠ৒}

f f

५ॸشॡ঍ঝॲش

५ॸ ॡ঍ঝॲ

५

شभঢ়બਙभ੶஽ؚऽञؚৌ଴ध

भঢ়બਙभ੶஽ؚऽञؚৌ଴ध

भ

घॊ३५ॸ঒भਝੑपउःथି৯घसऌ્৒भ५

घॊ३५ॸ঒भਝੑपउ थି৯घ ऌ્৒भ५

ॸشॡ঍ঝॲشभॽش६॑৥નप৒ଝघॊ؛ৢଞ

ॸ ॡ঍ঝॲ भ

६॑৥નप৒ଝघॊ؛ৢଞ

मৌ଴धघॊ३५ॸ঒भૠெधളහਙऊै౥৸ऩ

मৌ଴धघॊ३५ॸ঒भૠெधളහਙऊै౥৸ऩ

ঔॹঝभ੶஽ऋ൑୔दँॊऋؚ৏भੵஙदਈଐऩ

੶

ঔॹঝषध

_{ॹঝ ध}

੶

ध

धRe

_ध

੶஽ऋ

஽ऋ

஽ऋ

e

e

e

e-

e

e-Design

ऋ൑

൑୔दँ

g

nn

_{घॊ৐઀दੂ਋भ३५ॸ঒}

৏

ங ਈଐ

ঔॹজথॢ॑ষअ

䝅

䝅䝇䝔䝮䝈䝅䞁䜻䞁䜾䞉䝅䝇䝔䝮䝈䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏

ᑐ㇟䜢䝅䝇䝔䝮䛸䛧䛶䛸䜙䛘䜛䛣䛸䚹⤌⧊䜈䛾ᐇ⏝䜢ᣦྥ

䛩䜛䛯䜑䚸ᮏ䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮䛷䛿௨ୗ䛾ὶ䜜䛻㝈ᐃ䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹

1. 䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾౯್䛾᫂♧໬

• 䝅䝇䝔䝮䝅䞁䜻䞁䜾䛾ᡭἲ䛻䜘䜚䚸䝇䝔䞊䜽䝩䝹䝎䞊䛸䛭

䛾䝙䞊䝈䜢᫂♧ⓗ䛻䠄෌䠅ᐃ⩏䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷ᑐ㇟䛸䛩䜛䝅䝇䝔

䝮ቃ⏺䜢グ㏙

2. 䝰䝕䝹䝧䞊䝇䛷䛾䝅䝇䝔䝮䜰䞊䜻䝔䜽䝏䝱䛸䝅䝇䝔䝮

䝈䜶䞁䝆䝙䜰䝸䞁䜾

3. 䝏䞊䝮సᴗ䛻䜘䜛䝅䝇䝔䝮෌タィ

• ከᵝ䛺ᵓᡂ䛾䝏䞊䝮䛻䜘䜛༠ാ䜔䝽䞊䜽䝅䝵䝑䝥䜢㏻䛨䛯䚸

䜘䜚Ⰻ䛔䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾タィゎ䛾᥈⣴

6 GTL

• ᾏ㐠ᴗ䛾Value Flow䛸ཷ┈⪅䛾㑅ᐃ

฼

฼ᐖ㛵ಀ⪅䛾ศᯒ䛸ཷ┈⪅䛾㑅ᐃ

7

Policy / Regulation /Rule Money

Knowledge / Information Goods / Service / Resource

8

ཷ

ཷ┈⪅䛾ᮇᚅ䛾ᐃ⩏䞉䝅䝇䝔䝮䝰䝕䝸䞁䜾䛸ពᛮỴᐃ

Needs/Intent

Lifecycle Properties/Ilities

࣮ࣘࢨ࣮࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢ➨୍ࡢ┠ⓗ

౛㸸㈌≀ࢆฟⓎᆅ࠿ࡽ┠ⓗᆅ࡟⛣ືࡍࡿࡇ࡜

ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡟௜ᖏࡍࡿྛᒓᛶ࡬ࡢせồ

୺ほⓗ࣭ᒓேⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾ᫂

♧ⓗ࡞ㄆ㆑ࡀᅔ㞴

Expectation

Focal Stakeholder

_ࡢᮇᚅ

Requirem en ts Lifecycle Properties

at COST

Architecting

Engineering

ᶵ⬟

(Function)ࢆࢧࣈࢩࢫࢸ࣒(Form)

ࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡛ᐇ⌧ࡋࠊ

Needsࢆ඘㊊

ࢺ࣮ࣞࢻ࢜ࣇࡢ㛵ಀ࡟࠶ࡿྛᒓᛶࡢ

ࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࢆタィ

ྠ୍Ỉ‽࡛ࡢࢥࢫࢺ๐ῶ

_Perf orma nce

at COST

Decision Making / Implementing

ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡸᐇ㦂ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ

⢭ᗘࡸே㛫⣔ࡢ୙☜ᐇᛶ➼ࢆ᳨ウࡋࠊ

ពᛮỴᐃ࣭ᐇ⿦࣭ホ౯

Lifecycle Properties

E

unction)

ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡛ᐇ

ࢺ࣮ࣞࢻ࢜ࣇࡢ㛵ಀ

ࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࢆタ

୍Ỉ‽࡛ࡢࢥࢫ

En

unction)ࢆ

ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡛ᐇ⌧

ࢺ࣮ࣞࢻ࢜ࣇࡢ㛵ಀ

ࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࢆタ

ྠ୍Ỉ‽࡛ࡢࢥࢫ

E

unction)ࢆ

ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡛ᐇ

ࢺ࣮ࣞࢻ࢜ࣇࡢ㛵ಀ

ࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࢆタ

ྠ୍Ỉ‽࡛ࡢࢥࢫ

Lifecycle Properties

eds/Intent

Lifec

࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢ➨

ฟⓎᆅ࠿

ࣅࢫ

ⓗ࣭ᒓ

࡞ㄆ㆑

older

ᮇᚅ

Architecting

n)ࢆࢧࣈࢩࢫ

⌧ࡋࠊ

Nee

ᛶࡢ

T

g / Implem

࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡸᐇ㦂

g

p

⢭ᗘࡸே㛫⣔ࡢ୙☜

ពᛮỴᐃ࣭

ecycle Properp cycle Pro

eds/Intent

Lifec

࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢ➨

ฟⓎᆅ࠿

ࣅࢫ

ⓗ ᒓ

࡞ㄆ㆑

holder

ᮇᚅ

Architecting

on)ࢆࢧࣈࢩࢫ

⌧ࡋࠊ

eed

ᒓᛶࡢ

T

ng / Implem

࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡸᐇ㦂ࡢ

p

⢭ᗘࡸே㛫⣔ࡢ୙☜

ពᛮỴᐃ࣭

ecycle Propert cycle Prop

eds/Intent

Lifec

࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢ➨

ฟⓎᆅ࠿

ࣅࢫ

ⓗ ᒓ

࡞ㄆ㆑

older

ᮇᚅ

Architecting

n)ࢆࢧࣈࢩࢫ

⌧ࡋࠊ

ee

ᒓᛶࡢ

T

ng / Implem

࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡸᐇ㦂

p

⢭ᗘࡸே㛫⣔ࡢ୙☜

ពᛮỴᐃ࣭

ecycle Proper

Ⲵ୺䛾Needs/Intent Lifecycle Properties (ilities) (Needs)┠ⓗᆅ䛻䛒䜛㈌≀䛜䛒䜛 䛸䝡䝆䝛䝇ୖ䝯䝸䝑䝖䛜䛒䜛 (Intent) ㈌≀䜢ฟⓎᆅ䛛䜙┠ⓗᆅ 䛻⛣ື䛧䛯䛔 ಙ㢗ᛶ ᐃ᫬ᛶ ⎔ቃᛶ …

System Architecture䛾ᴫせ Needs/Function/Form

9 Function Form ᾏୖ㍺㏦ ㈌≀䛾ᦚ㍕ ㈌≀⯻ ᾋຊ ⯪Ẇ Ỉ୰⩼ ᥎㐍 ୺ᶵ+䝥䝻䝨䝷 … Function Form ⯟✵㍺㏦ ㈌≀䛾ᦚ㍕ ㈌≀⯻ … SA(㉥): Function࡜Formࢆ⤖ ࡪConceptỴᐃࢆྵ ࡴNeedsࢆ‶ࡓࡍ Form⩌࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀ ࡿࢩࢫࢸ࣒ SE(㟷): ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢホ౯㍈࡜ ࡞ࡿ࡭ࡁLifecycle Propertiesࡢࢺ࣮ࣞࢻ ࢜ࣇࡢ᳨ウ

Concept

Morphological Matrix䠄MM䠅

䝰䝕䝹䝧䞊䝇䛷䛾ពᛮỴᐃᨭ᥼

Willard Lennox Simmons (2008): A Framework for Decision Support in Systems Architecting, Doctoral thesis, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Concept

タィ㡯┠

㔜

㔜せ࡞タィ

㡯┠

Morphological Matrix㸦MM㸧

Conceptࡸ୙☜ᐇᛶ࡟ࡼࡿLife Cycle Properties

(ilities)࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡾホ౯

ᑓ㛛ᛶࡣ඲యࡢពᛮỴᐃࡼࡾࡶᑓ㛛㡿ᇦෆࡢࣔࢹ

ࣝᵓ⠏࡟㈉⊩

Life Cycle Properties (ilities)㛫ࡢࢺ࣮ࣞࢻ࢜ࣇࡢ

ྍど໬࡟ࡼࡿྜពᙧᡂ

STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS

• ฼ᐖ㛵ಀ⪅䛿ពᛮỴᐃ䜢⾜䛖䝁䞁䝔䜻䝇䝖䛻䛚

䛔䛶฼ᐖ㛵ಀ䜢䜒䛴୺య䛷䛒䜛䚹䝅䝇䝔䝮඲య䜢

⪃䛘䛯タィ䜢䛩䜛ୖ䛷䚸᪥ᮏㄒ䛷䛿䛂฼ᐖ㛵ಀ

⪅䛃䛸ヂ䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䛜ከ䛔䛂Stakeholder䛃䛸䛔䛖Ꮡᅾ

䛜㔜せ䛻䛺䜛䚹Freeman䛿Stakeholder䜢䇿 any

group or individual who can affect or is affected by

the achievement of the organization’s objectives”䛸

ᐃ⩏䛧䛯䚹

SStakeholder Analysis

SVNࡢసᡂ࡜ศᯒ

13

ศᯒ*࡟ࡼࡿ㔜せ࡞せ⣲ࡢ≉ᐃ

* Wen Fengࡽ: Understanding the Impacts of Indirect Stakeholder Relationships – Stakeholder Value Network Analysis and Its Application to Large Engineering Projects, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Sloan School Working Paper 4978-12.

0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1

WS

O

Stakeholders

㔜せ࡞฼ᐖ㛵ಀ⪅ࡢ≉ᐃ

Stakeholder Analysis䛾┠ⓗ

• ≉ᐃ䛾䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䜔┠ⓗ䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䚸䝣䜷䞊䜹䝇䛩

䜛䜉䛝stakeholder䜔value flow䜢㑅ᐃ䛩䜛䛣䛸

• ᙳ㡪䜢ཬ䜌䛩฼ᐖ㛵ಀ⪅䛸䛭䛾㛵ಀᛶ䛾グ㏙

• ཷ┈⪅䛸䛭䛾䝙䞊䝈䛾ᐃ⩏

• ᐃ⩏䛧䛯䝙䞊䝈䛻䛸䛳䛶䚸㔜せ䛺䝷䜲䝣䝃䜲䜽䝹䝥䝻䝟

䝔䜱䛾㑅ᐃ

• ḟ䝇䝔䝑䝥䛷䛿㑅ᐃ䛧䛯stakeholder䜔value flow䜢

୰ᚰ䛻䚸䛭䛾needs䜢ᐇ⌧䛧䛶䛔䜛function/form

䛾グ㏙䜢⾜䛖

GTL 14

ঔॹঝঋش५ਝੑ

䝅䝇䝔䝮䝰䝕䝸䞁䜾ゝㄒObject Process

M

Methodology(OPM)䛻䜘䜛ᶵ⬟䝰䝕䝹

 Cork ᰦᢤࡁࡢOPM࡟ࡼࡿศᯒ౛

Edward Crawley, et al㸸System Architecture, PEARSON, (2016) ࢆࡶ࡜࡟ⴭ⪅ࡀ⦅㞟

Translating Pushing Shearing Pulling Injected gas Released gas Fork Tube Suction Screw Pushing system Shearing system Pulling system

䠄ཧ⪃䠅 ⏝ㄒ䛾ᐃ⩏

18 March 2015 GTL 17 ⏝ㄒ ᐃ⩏ Object ᐇయ䛸䛺䜚䛖䜛 ≀⌮ⓗ䛺Ꮡᅾ䛒䜛䛔䛿⌮ゎྍ⬟䛺ᴫᛕ 䝥䝻䝉䝇䛻䜘䜚ኚ໬䛩䜛≧ែ䜢ᣢ䛴 ྡモ䛸㛵㐃௜䛡䜙䜜䜛 Needs ᚲせᛶ ඲యⓗ䛺せᮃ ୙㊊䛧䛶䛔䜛䜒䛾䜈䛾㢪ᮃ 䝅䝇䝔䝮䛜≉ᐃ䛾Beneficiary䛾䛯䜑䛻㐩ᡂ䛩䜉䛝➨୍䛾┠ⓗ Needs䛿㛵ಀ䛾῝䛔Lifecycle Properties䜢ᣢ䛴 e.g. ≀ὶ䛷䛒䜜䜀䚸Ⲵ୺䜢Beneficiary䛸䛧䛯䛸䛝䛾Needs䛿㈌≀䜢┠ⓗ ᆅ䛻㐠䜆䛣䛸䛷䛒䜚䚸ಙ㢗ᛶ䚸ᐃ᫬ᛶ➼䛾Lifecycle Properties䛜 㛵㐃௜䛡䜙䜜䜛 Intent ౽┈䜢⾲⌧䛩䜛䛯䜑䛾ኚᩘ䛾ᐃ⩏䛸䚸䠄ᑐ㇟䛾ኚᩘ䜢ኚ໬䛥䛫䜛䠅ኚ᥮䝥䝻 䝉䝇䛛䜙䛺䜛 e.g. ᾏୖ≀ὶ䛷䛒䜜䜀䚸䛂㈌≀䛾఩⨨䛃䛸䛔䛖ኚᩘ䛻䚸䛂⯪䛻䜘䜛⛣ື䛃 䛸䛔䛖ኚ᥮䝥䝻䝉䝇䜢๭䜚ᙜ䛶䜛 ㈌≀䛜ὶయ䛷䛒䜜䜀䚸䛂㈌≀䛾఩⨨䛃䛸䛔䛖ኚᩘ䛻䚸䛂䝟䜲䝥䝷䜲䞁䛻䜘 䜛㍺㏦䛃䛸䛔䛖ኚ᥮䝥䝻䝉䝇䜢๭䜚ᙜ䛶䜛䛣䛸䜒ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜛

䠄ཧ⪃䠅 ⏝ㄒ䛾ᐃ⩏

GTL 18 ⏝ㄒ ᐃ⩏ Function 䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾ᣲື䛷䛒䜚䚸ືモᙧ䛷♧䛥䜜䜛 䝥䝻䝉䝇䛸䛭䛾䝥䝻䝉䝇䛾ᑐ㇟䠄䜸䝨䝷䞁䝗䠅䛸䛧䛶ᐃ⩏䛥䜜䜛 Ⓨ⏕(emerge)䛩䜛 ᐇ⌧䞉ᐇ⿦䛻䛿Form䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䜛 ౽┈䛻㛵㐃௜䛡䜙䜜䜛 Form ᐇᅾ䛩䜛䝅䝇䝔䝮䛷䛒䜚䚸ྡモᙧ䛷♧䛥䜜䜛 ᵓ㐀䜢ᣢ䛴䜸䝤䝆䜵䜽䝖䛸䛧䛶ᐃ⩏䛥䜜䜛 㞟ྜయ䛷䛒䜚䚸せ⣲䜈䛾ศゎ䛜ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜛 ᶵ⬟䜢ᐇ⌧䛩䜛 䝁䝇䝖䛻㛵㐃௜䛡䜙䜜䜛

䠄ཧ⪃䠅䝙䞊䝈䛸ᶵ⬟䛾䝰䝕䝸䞁䜾

18 March 2015 GTL 19

⏝ㄒ

ᐃ⩏

Value

Cost䛻ᑐ䛩䜛Benefit

Benefit

୺ほⓗ䛺౽┈

Needs䛸Lifecycle Properties䛾⤌䜏ྜ䜟䛫䛷⾲⌧䛥䜜䜛

Cost

䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾Form䛾ᐇ⌧䛚䜘䜃⥔ᣢ䛻ᚲせ䛺㈝⏝

Lifecycle

Properties/ilities/

Non functional

requirements

㛤Ⓨ䚸㐠⏝䚸䝯䞁䝔䝘䞁䝇䛾せ௳䛾䛖䛱䚸⪃៖䛾ᚲせ䛺䜒䛾

䝷䜲䝣䝃䜲䜽䝹䝥䝻䝟䝔䜱䞉䜲䝸䝔䜱䞉㠀ᶵ⬟せ௳

౛䠖ಙ㢗ᛶ䚸ྍ⏝ᛶ䚸ᣑᙇᛶ…

18 March 2015 GTL 20

⏝ㄒ

ᐃ⩏

Concept

Function(Benefit)䛸Form(Cost)䛾㛵㐃௜䛡

Function䜢ᐇ⌧䛩䜛䛯䜑䛾Form䛾ᇶᮏ᪉㔪䜢ໟྵ

Form䛾ᢳ㇟ᴫᛕ䜢ྵ䜐

Architecture

Function䛻Form䜢ヲ⣽䛻๭䜚ᙜ䛶䛯䜒䛾

Function(Benefit)䛸Form(Cost)䛜ᥥ䛟᭤⥺ୖ䛾୍Ⅼ䛾ヲ⣽໬

䠄ཧ⪃䠅䝙䞊䝈䛸ᶵ⬟䛾䝰䝕䝸䞁䜾

Function

(Benefit)

Form (Cost)

Concept

Form (Cost)

Function

(Benefit)

Architecture

ᾏୖ≀ὶ䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾ᶵ⬟䛾䝰䝕䝸䞁䜾౛

ᵐᵏ

• ཷ┈⪅䠖Ⲵ୺

• 䝙䞊䝈䠖Ⲵ≀䜢┠ⓗᆅ䛻⛣ື

• 䜲䝸䝔䜱䠖 㻽㻯㻰

㻽

㻽䠖Ᏻ඲䞉☜ᐇ䛺㐠⯟

䊻஦ᨾ䞉ᨾ㞀ᩘ䛾పῶ

㻯䠖Ᏻ౯䛺㐠⯟

䊻㐠⯟฼┈䛾ྥୖ

㻰䠖⣡ᮇ☜ᐇ䛺㐠⯟

䊻㐜ᘏ᫬㛫䛾๐ῶ

• 䝙䞊䝈䜔䜲䝸䝔䜱䜢㐩ᡂ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛾㻵㼚㼠㼑㼚㼠䛾ᐃ⩏

ᾏୖ≀ὶ䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾ᶵ⬟䛾䝰䝕䝸䞁䜾౛

ᵐᵐ 䈜ᩥ⊩䛸ᾏ஦⏘ᴗ⏺䜈䛾䜲䞁䝍䝡䝳䞊䜢䜒䛸䛻సᡂ

• ཷ┈⪅䠖Ⲵ୺

• 䝙䞊䝈䠖Ⲵ≀䜢┠ⓗᆅ䛻⛣ື

• 䜲䝸䝔䜱䠖 㻽㻯㻰

㻽

㻽䠖Ᏻ඲䞉☜ᐇ䛺㐠⯟

䊻஦ᨾ䞉ᨾ㞀ᩘ䛾పῶ

㻯䠖Ᏻ౯䛺㐠⯟

䊻㐠⯟฼┈䛾ྥୖ

㻰䠖⣡ᮇ☜ᐇ䛺㐠⯟

䊻㐜ᘏ᫬㛫䛾๐ῶ

䞉㻵㼚㼠㼑㼚㼠䛸ᶵ⬟㻔㼒㼡㼚㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㻕䛾ᐃ⩏

• 㻲㼡㼚㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚䛾ᐃ⩏

• 㻯㼛㼚㼏㼑㼜㼠 㻔㻲㼡㼚㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌䇵 㻲㼛㼞㼙㻕䛾Ỵᐃ

ᵐᵑ 䈜ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩䜢䜒䛸䛻᝿ᐃ䛥䜜䜛㻵㼛㼀ᢏ⾡䜢㑅ᐃ䚸 ᐃ㔞໬ྍ⬟䛺䝺䝧䝹䜎䛷ᶵ⬟䜢ヲ⣽໬

ᾏୖ≀ὶ䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾ᶵ⬟䛾䝰䝕䝸䞁䜾౛

ॺঞشॻ५ঌش५

• Morphological Matrix䠄MM䠅䛿䚸Fritz Zwicky䛜

1950ᖺ௦䛻ᥦၐ䛧䛯ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ䜢⾲ᙧᘧ䛷⥙⨶ⓗ

䛻⾲䛩୍⯡ⓗ䛺ᢏἲ䛷䛒䜛䚹MM䛿ពᛮỴᐃᨭ

᥼䝒䞊䝹䛸䛧䛶䚸Pahl䜙䜔Ritchey䛺䛹ከ䛟䛾◊✲⪅

䛻䜘䛳䛶౑䛔᪉䛜ᥦ᱌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹

• MM䛾౛䜢♧䛩䚹⾜䛻䛿ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ䚸ิ䛻䛿ㄝ᫂ኚ

ᩘ䛤䛸䛾㑅ᢥ⫥䠄alternative䚸alt䠅䛜ิᣲ䛥䜜䛶䛔

䜛䚹

M

Morphological Matrix

25 18 March 2015 GTL

Willard Lennox Simmons (2008): A Framework for Decision Support in Systems Architecting, Doctoral thesis, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

㑅ᢥ⫥

ពᛮỴᐃ

㡯

㡯┠

P

Pareto Front View

Pareto Front View

Possible Combination

A

Architectural D

Decisions

• MM䛻グ㏙䛥䜜䛯ᐇ⾜ྍ⬟䛺㑅ᢥ⫥䛾䛖䛱䚸௨ୗ

䛾2䛴䛜≉䛻኱䛝䛔䜒䛾䜢Architectural Decision䛸

࿧䜆

Connectivity (௚䛾䝃䝤䝅䝇䝔䝮䜈䛾౫Ꮡᗘ)

Sensitivity (䝟䝣䜷䞊䝬䞁䝇䜈䛾ឤᗘ)

18 March 2015 GTL 27

CASE STUDY

• ㏆ᖺ䛾ᾏ஦⏘ᴗ⏺䛾୙ἣ䛻䜘䜚䚸➇தຊᙉ໬䛜୙ྍḞ

• 䝁䞁䝔䝘⯪㻝㻤♫䛜㻝㻠♫䛻㞟⣙

• ᅜෆᾏ㐠኱ᡭ㻟♫䛾䝁䞁䝔䝘⯪஦ᴗ⤫ྜ

• ⏘ᴗ⏺඲య䛷᝟ሗ㏻ಙᢏ⾡䛜Ⓨᒎ䚹㻵㼛㼀ᢏ⾡䛾฼ά⏝䚹

䊻ᾏ஦⏘ᴗ䛷䜒

㻵㼛㼀ᢏ⾡

ᑟධ䛾᳨ウ

ᾏୖ≀ὶ䝅䝇䝔䝮䜈䛾㻵㼛㼀ᢏ⾡ᑟධ䜈䛾㐺⏝஦౛

ᵐᵗ ㏆ᖺ䛾ᾏ㐠ᕷἣ䠄᪥ᮏ㒑⯪HP䜘䜚䠅 ⯪⯧䝡䝑䜾䝕䞊䝍䝥䝷䝑䝖䝣䜷䞊䝮䛾䝅䝇䝔䝮ᴫせ䠄ᐩኈ㏻HP䠅

• ᾏ஦⏘ᴗ⏺䛾᪉䜈䛾䜲䞁䝍䝡䝳䞊䜢ᇶ䛻฼ᐖ㛵ಀᅗ䜢సᡂ

㻿㼠㼍㼗㼑㼔㼛㼘㼐㼑㼞ศᯒ

ᵑᵎ Money Shipping

• Ⲵ୺䛾㻽㻯㻰

㻽䠖Ᏻ඲䞉☜ᐇ䛺㐠⯟

㻯䠖Ᏻ౯䛺㐠⯟

㻰䠖⣡ᮇ☜ᐇ䛺㐠⯟

ᮏ◊✲䛷ᑐ㇟䛸䛩䜛㼂㼍㼘㼡㼑䠖 䇾ᾏ஦⏘ᴗ䛻䜘䜛Ⲵ୺䜢┦ᡭ䛸 䛧䛯㐠⯟䝃䞊䝡䝇䇿 せồ䠄㻺㼑㼑㼐䠅

Policy / Regulation /Rule Money

Knowledge / Information Goods / Service / Resource

• Ⲵ୺䛻䛸䛳䛶䛾㐠⯟䝃䞊䝡䝇ྥୖ䛻ᙳ㡪䛜኱䛝䛔せᅉ䠄ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩䛸䜲䞁䝍䝡䝳䞊䜢ᇶ䛻సᡂ䠅

䝙䞊䝈䛸䜲䝸䝔䜱඘㊊䛾䛯䜑䛾ᶵ⬟

ᵑᵏ ᢃᑋМႩỉӼɥ

ᾏୖ≀ὶ䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾ᶵ⬟䛾䝰䝕䝸䞁䜾౛

ᵑᵐ 䈜ᩥ⊩䛸ᾏ஦⏘ᴗ⏺䜈䛾䜲䞁䝍䝡䝳䞊䜢䜒䛸䛻సᡂ

• ཷ┈⪅䠖Ⲵ୺

• 䝙䞊䝈䠖Ⲵ≀䜢┠ⓗᆅ䛻⛣ື

• 䜲䝸䝔䜱䠖 㻽㻯㻰

㻽

㻽䠖Ᏻ඲䞉☜ᐇ䛺㐠⯟

䊻஦ᨾ䞉ᨾ㞀ᩘ䛾పῶ

㻯䠖Ᏻ౯䛺㐠⯟

䊻㐠⯟฼┈䛾ྥୖ

㻰䠖⣡ᮇ☜ᐇ䛺㐠⯟

䊻㐜ᘏ᫬㛫䛾๐ῶ

䞉㻵㼚㼠㼑㼚㼠䛸ᶵ⬟㻔㼒㼡㼚㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㻕䛾ᐃ⩏

• 㻲㼡㼚㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚䛾ᐃ⩏

㻵㼛㼀ᢏ⾡䛸ᾏୖ≀ὶ䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾㛵㐃௜䛡

ᵑᵑ 䈜ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩䜢䜒䛸䛻᝿ᐃ䛥䜜䜛㻵㼛㼀ᢏ⾡䜢㑅ᐃ䚸 ᐃ㔞໬ྍ⬟䛺䝺䝧䝹䜎䛷ᶵ⬟䜢ヲ⣽໬

ᾏ஦⏘ᴗ䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾ᶵ⬟䛾グ㏙

• 䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝍䛾ᇶᮏタᐃ

䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝍䛾ᇶᮏタᐃ

ᵑᵒ -45.578 -0.0139 -0.0071

ᑟ

ᑟධ᳨ウ䛩䜛㻵㼛㼀ᢏ⾡⩌䛸䝟䝷䝯䝖䝸䝑䜽䛺⾲⌧

ᵑᵓ タᐃ್ኚ᭦䛾ほⅬ䠖ᩥ⊩䛺䛹䜢ཧ⪃䛻䚸ᩘᖺ௨ෆ䛻㐩ᡂྍ⬟䛺ᑬ䜒䜙䛧䛔್䜢タᐃ Tech ID ᑟධࡍࡿIoTᢏ⾡ ኚ᭦㡯┠ ᚑ᮶ → ኚ᭦ᚋ • 㻵㻰㻚㻌㻝 ⯧⏝ᶵჾ䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾䠄୺ᶵ䠅 • 㻵㻰㻚㻌㻞 ⯧⏝ᶵჾ䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾䠄⯟ᾏᶵჾ䠅 • 㻵㻰㻚㻌㻟 ⯧⏝ᶵჾ䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾䠄⿵ᶵ䠅 • 㻵㻰㻚㻌㻤 Ⲵ㔜ไᚚᨭ᥼䠄Ⲵ㔜㍍ῶ䠅 • 㻵㻰㻚㻌㻝㻞㻌Ᏻ඲᧯⯪ᨭ᥼䠄᧯⯪ุ᩿䛾ᨵၿ䠅

㻵㼛㼀ᑟධ䛾ホ౯⤖ᯝ䠄஦ᨾ䞉ᨾ㞀ᩘ䠅

ᵑᵔ

• ᨾ㞀ᅇᩘ䛜ẚ㍑ⓗከ䛔⟠ᡤ䛾ᨾ㞀

䜢」ᩘྠ᫬䛻ไᚚྍ⬟䛺ᢏ⾡䛜ඃ఩

䛻䛒䜛

⌧≧䛾 ஦ᨾ䞉ᨾ㞀ᩘ 㻞㻜ᖺ㛫䛾஦ᨾ䞉ᨾ㞀ᩘ

㻵㼛㼀ᑟධ䛾ホ౯⤖ᯝ䠄㐠⯟฼┈䠅

ᵑᵕ • 㻵㻰㻚㻌㻥 Ⲵ㔜ไᚚᨭ᥼䠄ᮦᩱ㈝๐ῶ䠅 • 㻵㻰㻚㻌㻞㻞㻌タィ㛤Ⓨ㻵㼛㼀⤫ྜ 䠄タィ㈝๐ῶ䠅

• ⯪౯๐ῶ䛻⧅䛜䜛ᢏ⾡䛜ඃ఩䛻䛒䜛

⌧≧䛾 㐠⯟฼┈ 㻞㻜ᖺ㛫䛾ྜィ㐠⯟฼┈

㻵㼛㼀ᑟධ䛾ホ౯⤖ᯝ䠄㐜ᘏ᫬㛫䠅

ᵑᵖ • 㻵㻰㻚㻌㻟 ⯧⏝ᶵჾ䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾䠄⿵ᶵ䠅 • 㻵㻰㻚㻌㻠 ⯧⏝ᶵჾ䝸䝰䞊䝖䝯䞁䝔䝘䞁䝇䠄୺ᶵ䠅 • 㻵㻰㻚㻌㻢 ⯧⏝ᶵჾ䝸䝰䞊䝖䝯䞁䝔䝘䞁䝇䠄⿵ᶵ䠅 • 㻵㻰㻚㻌㻤 Ⲵ㔜ไᚚᨭ᥼䠄Ⲵ㔜㍍ῶ䠅 • 㻵㻰㻚㻌㻝㻣㻌Ⲵᙺ㐲㝸᧯స䞉⮬ືⲴᙺ䝅䝇䝔䝮 • 㻵㻰㻚㻌㻝㻤㻌 ‴సᴗ䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䝅䝇䝔䝮

• ᨾ㞀ᅇᩘ䛜ẚ㍑ⓗከ䛔⟠ᡤ䛻ᙳ㡪䜢

ᣢ䛴ᢏ⾡䚸 ‴䛾Ⲵᙺసᴗ䛾ຠ⋡໬

䜢ᅗ䜛ᢏ⾡䛜ඃ఩䛻䛒䜛䚹

⌧≧䛾 㐜ᘏ᫬㛫 㻞㻜ᖺ㛫䛾ྜィ㐜ᘏ᫬㛫

३५ॸ঒३থय़থॢपेॊ

ਔઓৠ৒भञीभੴ௙஫അ

䝅䝇䝔䝮䝈䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏䛸䝏䞊䝮䝽䞊䜽

• ᑓ㛛ᛶ䛿඲య䛾ពᛮỴᐃ䛷䛿䛺䛟సᡂ䛥䜜䜛䝎䜲

䜰䜾䝷䝮䜔ᑓ㛛㡿ᇦෆ䛾䝰䝕䝹ᵓ⠏䛻㈉⊩

• 䝰䝕䝸䞁䜾䛻䛿ṇゎ䛜䛺䛟䚸ከᵝ䛺どⅬ䛜ᚲ㡲

• ཷ┈⪅䛾䝙䞊䝈඘㊊䜈䛾ᙳ㡪䛜኱䛝䛔せ⣲䛾㐺

ษ䛺䝰䝕䝹໬䛜㔜せ

• 䛩䜉䛶䛾䝏䞊䝮䝯䞁䝞䞊䛻䜘䜛㈉⊩䛸䝏䞊䝮సᴗ

䛷䛾ྜពᙧᡂ

27 July 2017 GTL 40

• Edward Crawley, Bruce Cameron, Daniel Selva :

System Architecture: Strategy and Product

Development for Complex Systems 1st Edition,

Pearson (April 25, 2015)

ཧ

ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩

41