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SUT Jouma1 of Mathematies (R)rrnerly TRU Mathematics) Volume 27, Number 1(1991),49−71

Contractive Completions of Operator’

@Matrices

Dedicated to Professor Tsuyoshi A皿do on his 60th birthday

ToRu KIDERA AND SHIzuo MIYAJIMA

(Received April 9,1991) Ab・・・・・・・・・・・……・・i・[醐i・c・11・d…mp1・・i…f・・i・…p1・…P− ・・…m・・…[.2]・S・…gP・…“T・…em・・C・F・i…d−A・Ta・…b・um gi・・…ecess・・y・・d・uM・i・n・…d・・i・・f・・[。2]・・b・….c・n・・・…▼e c・mple− tion which is equal to a given unitary operator on a given sub8pace・In tbis paper Strong Parro“Theorem is further generalized and a criterion of tlle existence of a unitary completion is obtained・ 1980Mathematics 5%6ゴεcf Ctassifications(1985 Re㊨‘sion).Primary 47A20, Secondary 47A62.  .      、 Key電〃ords 4π己ρ九アα8e8.・operator matrix, completio叫Patrott,8 theorem, strong Parro“theorem, contraction, partial isometry, unitary completion・ §1.

Introduction and notations

S・pP・・e・h・・ani…mpl・…P・・・…m…iX[Bc]i・9i・・n・wh・・ee…i・S are operators betwee皿Hilbert spaces. Now, we consider the problem to

fi・d…P・・a…X…h…h・・P・・a・・…・・i・[xABO] h…m・ni・e

P・・P…i…[XABc] i・ ・aid・・b…・m・1・・i・n・f同・A・t・・h・

completion to a contraction, Parrott,s Theorein[41 is fu皿damental. His result gives a necessary and su冊cient condition fbr the existence of a ・・mp1・・i・n・f[副・・a・・n・・a・・i…Thi・th…em・an b・apPli・d・・ prove Nehari,s theorem concerning the boundedness. of Hankel matriX(see [6],p.199). Cil)rian Fbias and AUen Ta皿nen1)aum proved a stre皿gthehed version of Parrott,s theorem, Strong Parrott theorem【3]. Their result

gi…anecess・・y・nd・唖・i・・…ndi・i・輌同・・hav・a・・n・・㏄ti・・

completion which is equal to a g三ven unitary operator on a given subspace. In§2, we give a genera狙zation of Strong Parrott Theorem・Namely we wil gi・・a・necessary・・d・uM・i・n…ndi・i・n f・・圃・・hav・a・・n・・a・ti・・ 49

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50

CONTRACTIVE COMPLETIONS

completion.whichl is equa 1・ to la giVen’contraction .o皿agive皿subspace・ Moreover, in§3, we wi11とonsider necessary and suMcient conditions for

[司・輌…㎡…y・・mpl・・i・n・

     We would like to note here that .the term“completion,, is used concerning operator matrices in a dif琵re皿t context i皿[1]. But we llse this ter皿in the sense stated at the beginning. Our choice would l)e a£ceptal)1e since it is sUitable, and our usage is not contradictory to that in[1].      Now we would like to fix some nota尤io皿s. Throughout this paper, H,K denote Hill)ert spaces and a皿operators are bounded五near oper− ators. 〈・,・>denotes the inner product. FQr closed subspaces M「.a皿d ハI of a Hilbert spa£e, MθハX denotes M∩2V⊥, H()⊂ H, Ko ⊂ K are dosed sub spaces, and A:ff(〕→ Koi,」B:HoL → Ke,0:」70.→ Ko are

・・n・・a・・i・…W…n・id…h・i…mpl・…p・・a…m…i・同und・・

these.conditions. pHo (resp. Pκo)de皿otes the orthogonal projectio皿 丘om H onto Ho(resp・from K、onto Ko)・R)r a皿operator T from H to K,TlHo denotes the restriction of T.to HO..ker T, ran T and ran T denote the kernel of T, the range of T a皿d the clos1皿e of the range of T,respectively. Fbr a皿op erator」R on 」ff()a皿dε>0,」Rε:=R十εIHo. Fbr a partial isometry U, ini(σ)(resp.∫in(U))denotes the initial space of U (resp. the fipal space of U). Fina皿y, the defect operator 1)s of a contraction S三s defined by(1−S*S)1/2,where l is the identity operator on the domain of 5「.

§.2. A generaliZation of Strong Parrott Theorem『

Pa[rrott,s Theorem mentioned, in the i皿troductio皿reads as fbllows.

PARRoTT,s THEoREM([4]). Let∬,」K,五b,κo,∠4,1ヲαη∂06eα8

i・§・・Th・・,囹ゐ・…・・͡・ωm輌・問・H6⊥㊥珊→

吋㊥嗣一ば輌[2]・H・一碍㊥K・・nd聞・瑞Φ砺1−K・

α7℃contraction8.      C.Fbias and A. Ta皿enl)aum obtained the following strengthened version of Parrott,s Theorem.

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T.KIDERA AND S. MIYAJIMA

51 STRoNG PARRoTT THEoREM([3]).  Let頁,」K,丑b, Ko,ノ1’, B lαnば

Obeα8‘n§1 and let Hl⊂∬and Kl⊂Kbe¢losed subspaces and

’・tv・五・→五・be…剛・P・r・t・柵・・,同ゐ・一・・tra・励・

ωm卿・圏…九・力・・閏一γ・・丑・ザ・・d・nl・・ift九・μ・輌

⑳ditions are satisfied: (C.1) (C.2) (C.3) [S]≦・・ll[B・]ll≦・・ PK。V=【B C]1H,; VPH・・IH[・−PJ〈・[2]・      The original proof of Stro皿g Paエrott Theorem employs Parrott,s Theorem three times. Let us consider whether we can simplify their proof a皿d relax the condition that V is皿itary. As to these problems we obtained the following Theorem. After we finished the probf of this theorem, we fbund that Sebesty6n[5】gave a simplified proof of S trong Parrott Theorem which iS close to ours in the case of unitary V・But we beHeve that our theorem is worth recording since it treats non−unitary V,s and is natural in the category of contra£tions. THEoREM 2.1. Let丑, K,∬o,∬1,Ko,、K1,∠4, B,αηばObe a3 in

Strong Parrott Tんωrem and letγ:∬1→Kl beαcontraction. Then,

[副ゐ・・…͡…pl・・i・n閏・痂ゐ・t[ge]一γ・・丑・

ザαn吻鳩卵ゐeノ’ollOωing conditions are satisfied: (C.1) (C.2) (c・3)’ [2]≦・・ll[B・]ll≦・;

熾。γ=[BO]1π1;

[PH。 I H1−[A*0*]V[A*0*】   V      O]・拓㊥五一丑・㊥面 ‘8α¢ontraction.      To prove this theorem we firSt show the following lemma, of which part(a)and(c)are almost the same as known resUlts stated as exercises in[6]. However, fbr the sake of convenience, we state it with a proof.

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52

CONTRACTIVE COMPLETIONS

LEMMA 2.2. Let丑, K,丑o,丑1,1ζb and」KI be.αs in Strong Parrott  Theorem. Suppose伽t a l碗nded linear operator R on」IO is positive and

let 5 beα加μη4e4臨eαアope耐or動m Hl to珊. Then tんεノbπ0ω迦

assertionsゐolば.

(a)5αPP・8e鋤彦α∼㊨顕4㎡伽劔r・perut・r Q・η∬1畑・8鋤ε』九eη,

    the following statementsα7℃equivalent (c∫.[6],lP.153).    (ar1)For any Xl∈」71αηば¢o∈丑b,       〈Qx・,¢・〉+2Re〈Sx・,x・〉+〈Rx・,¢・〉≧0・

   (ar2)F・r飢yε>0,0−5*Rご15≧0.

(b)Le£γ6eαcontraction from Hl to頁1・Th『η, theプb”oω‘η98施te−     ments are eguivalent.

(b−・)−y・〉・・ ・h・ ・perat・・一[Eご酩・5]加m五・t・

        1(1㊥刀01isαcontraction.   .       ’    (b−2)丁九ere e斑8α・・ntracti・n y加m.石r・to五〇sue九オゐα重S=         Rl/2Y1)γ.    (b−3) There e¢‘3τ8 α contraction Z 吻7η HI to Ho プbr ωhic九 t力ε

        ・魎・一田‘…・n−−45=R・!・Z・

(C)Let To be a c・η施吻η加m刀b t・.κ. Then,‘ゐe輌・ωing state−     ments are equit)alent. (c∫.[61,p.155).    (c−1)There exists・a¢・ητmcε‘ρπy伽m丑1 t・五b 8μcゐ伽τ・5ニ         1)1byDy.

(・−2)Th・・獅・・一[%o“

        contraction. PRooF.  Proof of(a):罰or xl∈五「1 and¢o∈17b,         〈Qx・,¢・〉+2Re〈5¢・,¢・〉+〈」ぬ・,¢o>          =〈鋤1,¢1>+〈5¢1,¢0>+〈5*¢0,X1>+〈RXO,XO>

       〈匿1園・園〉・

]from H・㊥一・㊥K・

isα

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      T.KIDERA AND S. MIYAJIMA      53 Th・・ef・・e・・ndi・i・・(a−1)i・eq㎡・al・n・t・       隣]≧・・ which is in turn equivalent to       ∀・〉・・[榴≧・・ 0。th。。th。,・hand w。 hav。 th。 f。ll。唖g。q。ality、

[劉一[Q−5;Rご15竃1[Rき5嘉]

      一[’g・5驚一1][°−5;R;15』1[R舞晶]・

Since

       [IH、 OR;151H。] 1−[一塾5よ] a皿d』

       [㌍竃1]−1=[’9i一欝1]

w。hav。 an。、h。, eq。ali、y:

[Q−S’*1Z;15’ 0   0   Rε]一[T一劉[閲[一塾5㌫]

By the equalities.

      [Rき5嘉r−[’g・5驚一1]

a皿d

      障5嘉r=[T・一劉・

we ca皿easily’ see the following eqUivalence from the above equalities:

      ∀・〉・・[榴≧・6∀・〉…一ずR;15≧・・

       ’

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54

CONTRACTIVE COMPLETIONS

Therefbre, we・btain Lemma 2.2(a).・・     Proof of(b):If(1)−1)holds true, then丘)r a皿ε>Othere exists a contraction Ye frem Hl to Ho such that       s=Rl/2Y。Dti. Since the unit ball of the space of a皿1)ounded linear operatOrs on H is compact in the Weak operator topology, the net{Ye:ε>0}has a cluster pointγin the unit ba皿asε↓『0(see{21, Proposition 5.5 in p.282 and Propositio皿2.6 i皿p.379). Let xl∈丑1 a浪d¢o∈」eo.Then.fo1 anyζ>0, there eXists anεo>Osuch that Rl/29・−R’/2x・ <ζ (o<∀ε<εo) ・ince Hm。_.。 Rl!2 i R・/・.A・yi・a・1・・t・・p・i・t・f th・n・t{Ye・ε> 0},fbrεo andζabove, there exists anε1>Osuch thatε1≦εo and 〈Ye、DvX、,R’/2X。〉一〈yDvX、,R’/2X。〉 <ζ. Hence, fbr anyζ>0,we have the following inequalities: 〈SXI,Xo〉《R1/2yDγ・、,・。〉・ <<}1、D・X・,R…(2・・〉一〈Ye、1)VX、,R1!2X。〉    +〈y』、1)γ・、,Rl/2・。〉一〈γ1)γ・、,瓦1!2・。〉 <llX・1111R…!2・・−R1/2・・ll+ζ <(11¢、ll+1)ζ.

Lettingζ→十〇,we obtain

       〈SX、,・。〉ニ〈Rl/2yDvX、,・。〉. Therefore, we obtai皿S’=R1/2 y1)V.Co皿versely, assume that(b−2)holds true. Since O≦R≦Ri a皿d RRε.=RεR,we have Rl/21ζ1E1!2≦塩。 Thus, we have       γΨ+.5*R三15=1γΨ+1)Vγ“R1/2丑二1R1/2y1)γ

       ≦.γΨ+DvY“YDv    ’

       ≦γΨ+蹄=IH、.

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T.KIDERA AND S. MIYAJIMA・ 55 H・nce・・h・・P・・a…m…i・ mRご酩・5]i・a・・n・・a・・i・n・ The equivalence of(b−2)and(b−3)is easily yeri五ed・     Proof of(c):Assume that(c−1)is satisfied. Then, we have

      圖一[1)To OOIκ、]間

       一{[igo iR,]一圃囲*}1/2[γク・]・』

Si・・e m劉i・a・・n・・a・・i・n・・hissh・w・th・・際]i・a・・皿・・㏄・i・n ([6]Prol)lem 12.20). Conversely,、 if(c−2)holds true, then there exists a

contractio皿Z:∬1→Ho㊥Kl such that

        [e]一{[ig・,R、]一[到[田*}1!2z

       −[㍗よ、]z・

L・・Z一

」・Th・n・w・』Z・一γand,th・・ee泊・t・a・一・輌

y:丑1→Ho such that Z1=y1)zゴ=γ1)ゾsince llZll≦1. Therefbre,

we ol)tain 5=1)1bγ1)γ.■     Now we.begin to prove Theorem 2.1.『.   ・

PROOF OF THEOREM 2.1.

    (SufHciency) 『Let H2:=Hl十Ho a皿d K2:=Kl十Ko・De五ne a

li皿ear bperator U:∬1十∬o→Kbyσ(xl十¢o):ニVxl十(ノ1十〇)xo (fbr x1∈Hl,xo∈H()). If we show that       llvxi十(A十〇)xol1≦llx1十xo ll (xl∈H1, xo∈Ho), thenσis well−defined, i.e.;f()r xl,¢{∈丑1 and xo,x6∈Ho,

    ・・+x・=・1+x6⇒V・・+(A十〇)x・=嘱+(A+0)・6・

L・tR・=IH。−A“A−C“C・・nd S・=(PH。 IH・)−A*鞠y−0*互・V・

Then, by Lemma 2.2(c),(C.3)’implies that there eXists a contraction Y

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56

CONTRACTIVE COMPLETIONS

伽m丑・t・H・・u・h・・h・・ S−R・!・yDv(r・・.T・・一[2]i・(・一・)・f Lemma 2.2). Theref()re, by Lemma 2.2(b), we see that f()r a皿yε>0 [R㌶・S] i・a・一・・…i・n…eq・i・al・皿・ly       (IH、−v’v)−5*R:15≧o.

Hence we have the fbllowing inequality fbr¢1∈∬1 and xo∈丑b by

Lemlna 2・2(a):        〈侮、一γΨ)x・,・・〉+2R・〈Sx・,x・〉+〈Rx・…〉≧0) or equiValently

〈V’Vx・…〉+2R・〈(A*毎+0’pK。)V…x・〉+〈(A“A+0*C)…x・〉

   ≦〈JHix、,x、〉+2R・〈(pH。1∬、)x、,¢。〉+〈」煽¢・,x・〉, or e(1uivale皿tly (・)   llγx、+(A+0)x。ll2≦ll・、.+x。112. Therefbreσis a wel−defined co皿tra£tio皿. Now let U be the unique

continuolls extensio皿ofσto∬2. Thenσis a contractio皿from」H2 to

五.Since[B q is a contractio皿from∬to KQ,if we show㌻hat

(**) ’    PK。σ=【B O】IH,,

then Parrott,s Theorem yileds the existence of a co皿tra£tion T:丑→K such that OP= TlH, and [B O】 = 」pKo T. By the definition of σ,

万一Tl丑・impn・・th・・[2]一万1珊一TIH・ and・V二万1丑・−TIH・・

Th・・ef・・e同h…・n・・㏄・i・…mp1・・i・n T・u・h・h・・Tl∬・一γ・

T・・h・w(**),・・t・th・t・f・・ a・y x、∈∬、,th・・e・eXi・t・eq・・nce・{xln)}n i・丑、・nd{x8n)}。 i・ff。 su・h th・t・1π)+x8n)→・,(・→∞). Fr・m (C.2),we have         PK。万・,ニlim PK。万(xln)+x8n))        九→◎◎        一蕊{PK.v・ln)+PK。(4+・)xln)}.        =工(BPH,L+qPH,。)(xln)+x8n))..        =(BPH⊥+CPH。   0)x・・

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T.KIDERA AND S. MIYAJIMA

57 Therefbre(**)holds true, which completes the proof of the su伍ciency.      (Necessi・y)If[副h品…皿・・㏄・ive c・m・1・・i・n[92]・u・h ・h・・囲一γ・n∬・,・h・ni・i・easy…h・w・h・・(C・・)・nd(C・2)h・ld true. We show(C.3)’. Fbr x1∈∬1 and xo∈Ho,we have       閲(・・+・・)−V・・+(A+・)… Since圏i・a・・n・・a・・i・・, w・・b・ai・        llγx・→一(A+o)x・ll≦llx、+x・11.

L・tR・=IH・一鯉一〇*0皿d 5・ニ(PH・1∬・)三A*叛オγ一〇*PK。γ・

R)110wing the argllment to derive(*)i皿the proof of suMciency i皿the oPPosite direction, we have        y*y+s*R;1s≦IH、 f…ny・〉・・Th・・ef・・e・f・・any・〉・・[R;Y,・S]i・a・・n・・a・・i・n・ Hence, from Lemma 2.2(b)a皿d(c), condition(C.3)’is satisfied, which colnpletes the proof■      As shown impHcitly in the above proof,(b)and(c)of Lemma 2.2 implies that(C.3)’is equivalent to the fbllowing condition: (C.3)” {there exists a contraction Y .from∬1 to∬O such tゐat(PH・1∬・)−A*互オγ一〇*PK。γニ(塩。一崩一〇℃)・!・YD。. Hence we can ref()rmulate Theorem 2.1 as f()Hows. CoRoLLARY 2.3. 1}et∬,五,.Ho,丑1, Ko, Kl,ノ1,、B αnd O beα8 in Str・ng Parr・tt The・rem and・let V:∬1→Kl be a・・ntracti・η. Then,

同ゐ・・…・m・励ec・m卿n閏・酬司i2|一γ・・∬・

zf and only if conditions(C.1),(C.2)and(C.3)”are satisfied.      If y:Hl→1(1 is unitary, then it is easy to show that(C.3)’is. equivalent to the fbllowing condition:

(C・4)   A*撫y+0?κ。y=PH。1丑・・

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・58

CONTRACTIVE COMPLETIONS

It・is clear that(C.4)impUes(C.3)1.・Under ithe additional condition that γis an isometry,(C.3)’is equiyalent to(C.4). Simila『ly,、under the ・ddi・i・n瓠…di・i・皿・h・・

m2]i・ani・・輌(C・3)’i・al…q−・t・

(叫Th・・ef・・e・w・緬・th・姐・wi・g G・・11・ri… CoRo砧ARY 2.4. Let H,」K,∬o,∬1,」Ko,」K1,『・4, B and O beα8 in Strong Parrott Theoremαη♂letγ:∬1→KI beαn isometry.2「んeη,

[副九・・…͡ec・m卿・圏・・Cゐth・・ [i 2]・−y・・丑・

if and only if conditions(C.1),(C.2), and(C.4)α7℃satisfied. Co RoLLA RY 2・5. .Let丑, IK,.Ho,丑1、,κo,」K1,ノ4, B and O be ・・in Strong Pdrrott Th・・rem and‘1・彦γ・∬・→K・be…nt・a・ti・n

−d

m2]・∬・−K−・・m・t・s・・司B参|λ・…一一・

ωm輌・圏・・』・圏一γ・・晒・nd・剛・・n翻・η・

(C.1),(C.2),and(C.4)are 8ατ晒e4.

§3. ComPletion to a unitary operator

N・wwe c・n・id・・皿d・・wh・…皿di・i・n・同h・…ni…y・・m・1・・i・n・ As to this I)roblem We obtai皿eq’.the fo皿owing theorem. THEOREM 3.1. Let∬, K)丑o, Ko,.A, B and C beαs in§1. Then,

[副九・…輌・・inpl・・i・・圏・∬’㊥H・一κ’㊥珊・nd

Qnly if the follozving eonditions qre satisJ7ed:

(D・1)thb.・魎・晒・l i・・m鋼Mオ→苛r吻九・t

      蝋σ)=ran DB,抗(u)=.ran・DA・andσDB=’1)A・・U;

(D.2) (D.3)

A*A+0℃=IH。;

BB*+OC’ = 1κ。.

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T.KIDERA AND S. MIYAJIMA

59 PRooF oF THEoREM 3.1 (‘‘only if,−pa□t)・ ・・mp1・・i・n圏,・h・・w・hav・

If同.has a uni・ary

[1:2:][笥一[晋㌫]

and

      [i2][1凋一[lss ,2。]・

Erom these equalities, we obtain the fbllowing equations:

(i)  x“x+B*B=旬・xx*+AA*=毎;

(ii) X.β*十A.0*=0; (iii)

A’X+ぴβ=0;

(i・)  A“A+0℃=」rH,, BB*+CO*=IK。・

Th。、(D.2)a皿d(D.3)・・e・b・ai・・d. L・t lxl−(x“x)1!2㎝d lx「= (XX・)1!2. By th・p・1・・dec・mp・・iti・n・f X, th・・e ・Xi・t・a剛i泣

isometry u such that ini(の=ran lx1, fin(u)=’ran x and x=

ulxl・=・lx・1σ. Fr・皿(i), lxl2 = Db and lx’12=DZ・・Th…iq・・ness of positive squar e root yields lxlニ1)B and Ix*1=1)A・.Hence ini(u)=

≡凶一一・an・DB,拘(σ)=…x=(k・・x*)⊥=(k・・lx’1)⊥−

ran IX*1ニran DA*,a皿d UDB=1)A* U. Thus,(D.1)is ol)tained.■     T・・h㎝・h・・eXi・t・皿ce・f a uni…y・・mpl・・i・n閏・f[.e]・ we have to find an ol》erator . X:丑オ→κオwhich satis丘es the equations (i),(三i)a皿d(iil). R)r this purpose, we need a series of lemmas.

LEMMA 3.2. Let丑,頁,刀b, Ko,ノ1, Bαn∂Obeα8 in§1.ノlssume

that conditions(D.2)and(D.3)are satisfied. Then‡ゐeプblloωing equali一 重‘e8 hold: (a) llDB1ヲ*yo 11=1レlo*yoll プbr any yo∈K{); (b) ll1)A申 AXo 11=llB.’CXoll ノ「or any Xo∈Ho・

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60

CONTRACTIVE COMPLETIONS

PRooF.(a):From(D.2)and(D.3), we have 11DbB・yol12 〈B(旬一B’B)B*yo・yo> 〈BB*(IKo−BB*)yo,yo> 〈(IKo−00*)00*310,310> 〈0(IHo−0*0)0*yo,yo> 〈0/4*・4C*yo,yo> llAO*yo|12. (b):We can similarly prove(b).■ LEMMA 3.3・ Let」ff,」K,」ffo, Ko,ノ1・Band C 6eα3 in§1・Assume tゐat conditions(D.2)and(D.3)are sαtisfied. Tカen the f()lloωing eguαlities hold: (a) (b) (c) (d)

PROOF.

01)ノ1=DB*o;

0/1*1).4牢ノ1=.召1)BB*0; 1)A*ノIC*=ノ10*D、B*; 1)BB*0=.B*01)ノt. (a):Since O(0*0)ニ(00*)0,by(D.2)and(D.3), we have       O(勾o−∠4*ノ4)=(IKo−BB*)C・ Hence, fbr every nonnegative integer n,we have        O(IHo一ノ4*・4)n=(IK。−BB*)nc. On the other hand, there e)dsts a sequence{pn}n of polynomiaユs such

that

       llPn(IHo−∠4*∠4)−DAII−一→0,       llPn(II〈o−BB*)−1)B*ll−→0.

Since

       OPn(IHo−A*A)=Pn(IKo−BB*)o

fbr all n,we obtain O1)A=1)B. C by letting n→oo.

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T.KIDERA AND S. MrYAJIMA

61 (b):By(a),(D.2)and(D.3), we obtain

CA*DA・A=

ODλA*A

DB・C(玩。−0℃)

1)B・BB*O

BDBB*0,

where we have used the well−known facts A*Dm=1)AA*a皿d 1)B*B= B工)B.The proof of these facts is similaエto that in(a)((≠ proof of Theorem 12.20 in[6D.     (c):By(a), we have DAO*ニ0*DB..Hence,        DA・AC*=ADAC*=AO“DB・. (d):F・・m(a),.DBB*0=B’DB・0=BfO1)A・■ LEMMA 3・4. Let丑,」K, Ho’Ko’ノ1 and’B 6eα8 in§1’ Then the 戊’ollOω晦assertions hold. (a)Let・X、∈ran DB. Then, the foll・ω迦statements・are・guivalent・    (・r1)x、∈(・ar・・DBB*)⊥.    (ar2) x・=DBX1・    (ar3)   11Xill=ll1)B’xlll・  (b) Let Y1∈ran 1)A*.1「hen, t九eプbllO.wing statement8 are equivalent・    (b−1)y、∈(・a皿1)A・A)⊥.    (b−2)  Y1ニ1)A牢Yl・    (1)−3)   11yill=111)ノ1寧YIII・       − PRooF. First we prove paエt(a).     (・r1)⇔(・r2)・lf・’x、∈(・a・DBB・)⊥, th・n BDBx・=0・’S・,

B*BDBx・=0,(毎一B’B)DBx・=DBx・・Th・・ef・・e・D;x・−DBx・=

0.He皿ce,(缶,十DB)DB(1日オー1)B)xlニ0. Since 1口,十1)B≧1吾オ,we

・btai・DB(旬一DB)x・=0・H…e(毎一DB)x・∈k・・D

       B.On the ・ther hand,・・∈・a・DB imph・・(毎一DB)x・・∈斑DB・Th・・ef・・e・

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62

CONTRACTIVE COMP.LETIONS

(互オーDB)x・∈k・・DB∩・・n DB’={0}・Th…w・hav… =DB…

Conversely, if xl=DBxl,then we readily obtain B*B1}BxI=0. Hence        (BDB)*BDBX、ニDBB*BDBX・=0・ Th・・, BDB・、=0・・d・・lv、∈(・・n DBB・)⊥.      (a−2)⇔(a−3):It su伍ceS to show that(a−3)implies(ar2). if llxill= llDB・・II,th・n〈x・,x・〉=〈(毎一B*B)x・…〉・・nd・・〈B*B・・…〉=0・

H・nce B・・=0・Th・・ef・・e・(塩オーB*B)x・=x・・Th…(毎+

1)B)(∫H’−1)B)ω1=0・Since缶オ十1)B is one to one・we .have x1.=

DBXI.

     Proof of part(b):Replacing B in the I)roof of part(a)by、4*,we can prove(b).■ LEMMA 3.5. Let H, K,」ffo,.Ko,、4, Bαnd O∼㎏α3 in§1. Tゐen the プ’ollOω迦αssertions hold.  (a) Suppose thαt condition(D.2)is satisfied・Then,        ran、40*=ran DA・A.  (b)  Suppose tゐat coηdition(D.3)is satisfied・Then,        ran B*0=ra皿DBB*.        もPRooF.(a):R)r each xo∈Ho,(D.2)implies that        AC*CXO=A(IH。−A*A)XO        =(∫κオーA4*)A・・        ニ D膓鴻。        ニ DA・AI)AXo. So, ran(、40*「ran O)⊂ran DA.んTogether with(AC*)lker O*=0,this

shOWS

       ran、40*⊂ran DA・ A.

Considering the orthogona1’

モ盾高垂撃?高?獅狽刀@of these two subspaces in ran DA・,we see that it su伍ces to show        ker O/1*⊂ker/1*1)A*  (in ra皿1)A牢)

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T.KIDERA AND S. MIYAJIMA

63 fbr the proof of ,the reverse inclUsion・If Yl∈・ker C/1*,t・hen(フ*0/1*Yl= 0.By(D.2), this yields (IH。−A*A)A*Y1=0. From this we can successively obtain the following equalities:         A*D2.y、=o, (毎一DZ・)D2・・y・=o,

AA*D垣、=o,

(毎+刀・→D』・(毎一・D・・)y・=o・ Since 1云オ十ヱ)A・is one to one and Yl∈ran 1)A・,proceeding similarly as in the proof of Lemma 3.4(a), we obtain Y1=DA瑠1.By Lemma 3.4(b), we have Y1∈ker、A*1)A..Thus, we complete the proof of(a).      (b): By condition(D.3),(1ヲ*)*B*十(0*)*0*=IK。.Therfbre, if A,Oin the above proof of(a)are repla£ed by B*,0*respectively, we can pr・ve(b).■ Now, we continue the proof of Theorem 3.1. PRooF oF THEoREM 3.1(“if,−part). From Lemma 3.4(a),(b)and the definition of U,we have the following claim. Claim 1. Theプ’olloωing statements are equivalent. (a) X1∈ra丑1)B e ra皿1)BB*. (b) UXI∈ran 1)A*eran DA* A. Proof of Claim 1:It wil be shown that(a)implies(b). If xl∈ran DB e ran DBB*,then Lemma 3.4(a)yields Hxi II=llDBx1 ll. By the definition of U,we obtain llUx、ll=llx、11 = llDBx、‖=llUDBX・ll=ilDA・ Ux・IL Hence, we have IIUxlllニllDA・ Uxi ll . Since Ux1∈ran 1)A・,丘om Lemma 3.4(b), we obtain Uxl∈ran 1)A. e ran DA. A. We can similarly show that(b)iml)1ies(a).//      Now we can find an oPerator X such that(ii)holds true. First, we define an operator S:ran DBB*一一→ran/IC* by setting s(DBB*yo):=−AC*y・ (yo∈K・).

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64

CONTRACTIVE COMPLETIONS

By Lemma 3.2(a)and Lemma 3.5(a), S is well−defined ’ a皿d continuously extended to a unitary operator from ra丑1)BB*っnto・ran 1)A. A.. We denote this unique continuous extension of S to ran DB B* also l)y S・ Secondly, we define a皿operator T:五オ→Ko by li皿early extending the fbnowing mapPi皿9: TXI:= Lemma 3.2(a)implies that fbr xlo∈ran、DBB*,11Txio ll (D.1),we have llTXn[l and Lemma 3.2(a)yield〈Txlo,Txll>=0ニ〈xlo,xl1>.Hence we have        l1T(X、。+¢・・)llニllX・・+X・・ll・ Moreover, Claim l a皿d the definitions ofσamd 5「imply that T皿aps ran DB onto ran DA..Therefbre, T is a I)artial isometry such that       ini(T)ニran DB, fin(T)ニran 1)A・ and        t t       ’ SXI (X1∈ran」DBB*), UXI (Xl∈ran 1)Bθran 1)BB*),

0  (Xl∈五オera皿1)B).

      =ll¢、oll. Fr・m ニllxll 11 f()r xll∈ran DB e ran DBB*・claim−1

(v)      TDBB*+AC*ニo・

Let X:ニTDB. Then,(ii)holds true. Next, we co皿sider whether(iii) holds true fbr the same.X. T垣dng the adjoint of(v), we haye        BDBT*+CA*ニ0. Thus, BDBT*1)A.、A十C4*1)A.、4ニ0. By Lemma 3.3(b), we obtain       BDB(T*DA・A+刀*0)ニ0・ 旧[ence,(T*1)A*A十B*0)xo ∈ ker BDB holds fbr xo ∈ 」70・ Op the other hand, the definitio皿of T and Lemma 3.5(a)imply T*DA・ Axo∈ ran DBB*,and Lemma 3.5(b)implies B*Cxo∈ran DB B*. Therefbre, fbr Xo∈Ho,        (T*1)A・A十B*C)Xo∈ker B1)β∩ra皿DβB*={0}・ Thus, we have T*DA.、4十B*0=Oand taki皿g the adjoint of this equality, we obtain (vi)      ノ1*1)ノ1*T十〇*1ヲニ0・ Therefbre if we show that 1)A. TニTl)B(=X),then(iii)holds true.

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T.KIDERA AND S. MIYAJIMA

65 Claim 2. DA・T=T1)Bゐolds true. Proof of Claim 2:Tis de丑ned on∬bi,i.e., on       ・an・DBB・㊥(=万三〇・an・DBB・)㊥(丑オθ・an DB)・ If xlo∈ran DB」B*,then there exists a yo∈Ko such that xlo=1)BB*1りo. Then, from Lemma 3.3(c)we have

DA・Tx10=DA・TDBB*yo=−DA・AC*yo

        = −AC*DB・yo =TDBB*DB・yo

        = T1)BDBB*yo =TDBXIO

Hence, we have I)A. T=T1)B on ran 1)BB*and by continuity we obtain ヱ)A・T=TI)B on ran1)BB*. Let xll∈ra皿DB eran DBB*.Then Lemma 3.4(a)imphes xllニ1)Bxl1, and by the de五nition of T, Txn = UxI1. Since UxI1 ∈ ran 1)A串θ ran 1)A.IA.(Claim 1), Lemma 3.4(b)implies that Uxll=1)A. Ux11. Therefbre, combining these facts, we have 1)A.Txll= 1)A. UxlI=

UXII=TXII=T、OBXII. Hence,

DA・T=TDB on ran DB e ran 1)BB*.

If¢12∈丑オθran DB,then 1)Bx12=0. So, from the definition of T,

1)A・Tx12=1)A・0=0ニTDBx12. Hence,

       DA・T=T1)B・n丑’θ・an・1)B. Theref()re, combining these three facts we have 1)A.TニTDB on∬オ.//     Now that DA.T・=Tl)B,by letting X=TI)B,(v)and(vi)show that the equations(ii)and(iii)are satisfied. Moreover, because T*T (resp. TT*)is the orthognal projection onto ran 1)B (resp・ran 1)A.), it fbllows that

(TDB)*TDB=DBT’TDBニD9二缶,−B*B,

       D・・叩A・・T)*=D・・TT*DA・=D▲・毎一崩*・

Therefbre, fbr the same X,the equations in(i)are also satisfied, which completes the proof of Theorem 3.1.■

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66

CONTR’ACTIVE COMPLETIONS

REMARK. If we use Le㎜a 3.2(1))aAd ’LeMnia 3.3(d)in ’place’df Lemma 3.2(a)and Lemma 3.3(c), we ca五prove the“if”rpaエt of The(ト ・em 3・・br典na・i・・m・・h・d・Fi・・t・1・t 5 b・d・五・rd by        5(B*0¢o):=−1)A*ノIXo  (f()r Xo∈Ho), ’      ニ and extend it by continuity to ran B*C. We.den6te the unique.con− ti皿uous extension bf 5「to ran B*O also by S. By Lemma 32(b)a皿d Lemma 3.5(b),5is uni tary from ra皿DbB*・o皿to ran 1)AヴA. Secondly, 1et T be defined as in the proof of the“ifLpart of Theorem 3.1. The皿うT is a partial isometry such that緬(T)=ran Z)B and∫in(T)=ran 1)A・ and TB*0十1)A・ A=0. From this equality, we have       B℃+T“DA・Aニ0. a丑dtaユd丑g the adjoi皿t of this equality, we obtain

A’DA・T+C’B=0.

Procee(ling sim冠arly as三n the proof of the“if,−part of Theorem 3.1,1)y the use of Lemma 3.3(1))and Lemma 3.5(a), we obtain

T.DBBf+AO*=0.

Lemma 3.3(d), Lemma 3.4, Claim l and the definition of T imply that

TD・−DA・T・L・・X=TDB・・h・皿圏i…ni・ary・・mpl・・i・n・f

[副・

     The proof of Theorem 3.1 gives the fo皿oWing simple su伍cient co皿一 dition for the eXistence of a unitary completion. THEOREM 3.6. Let∬,.K,∬o, Ko,A, B and O beα3 in§1∴4ssume

th・書汕4硫i・・t・th・…働ns(D・2)・・d(D・3)・k・・(毎一DAり={0}

・・dk・・(缶,−DB)一{・}ゐ・ld・ Th・・同ゐ・…輌一p』

PRooF. We use the notations in the proof of Theorem 3.1. In the constructi6血of the operatOr T i皿the proof, the」fo皿owi皿g orthogonal decompositions a re utilized:

瑞=・an 1)日B・㊥(疏θ・an 1)BB・

㊥(H’θiiii bE),

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T.KIDERA AND S. MIYAJIMA

67

    碕=・an・DA・A㊥(工e・an DA・A㊥(已e・a・DA・・

B・tth・a・弓・mpti・n k・・(1κオー1)A・)={0}・・d.k・・(毎一DB)= {0}imply that the second summand of each decomposition is zero(see Lemma 3.4). So we can de五ne、T without usi皿gσappearing in(D.1). The proof of 1)A.T=TDB depends only on Lemmas 3.3 and 3.4, which are derived solely from(D.2)ahd(D.3). Theref()re X:=丁刀B gives a

・・i…y・・m・1・・i・n[iel・f[司・l

     N・w,we c・n・id…h・・ep・e・e・…i・n・f・all・X・whi・h m・k・・問

・u輌・P・・a…,wh・n[。2]h・・a・1…t…uni…y・・mp1・・i・n・A・

to this problem, we ol)tained the fbllowing result. PRoPosITIoN 3・7. Let丑, K,∬o,.κo,ノ1, B αnd O be.αs in§1・

5⑭・se叫司ん・…・働・・m輌・問・L・・X・一σIX・1

励・魎r・dec・m《・呵X・・Tゐ・・,圏i…it・・□・∂・剛

X=RXo=RU1)B,ωhere R isα Pαrtiαl isometry on Koi such thαt

     甑㈹=ran DA・,拘(R)=ran DA・, RDA・=DA・R

and

       RI・an D・・Aニ∫1・an DA・ん

P−・(Necessi・y)Since問i・au・i…y・P・・a…,加m・h・p…f

of the“only if,−part of Theorem 3.1, the polar decomposition of X is written as X=γ1)B,where y:∬δL→κオis a partial isometry such

that

      緬(y)=ran・DB,伽(y)=ran・DA・, VDB=DA・γ

and

      VDBB*+AC*=0. By the same reason,σ:五{ナ→頁’is a partial isometry such that

      緬(の;ran DB,伽(σ)=ran DA・, UDB=DA・σ

and

      σDBB*+AC*=0.

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68

CONTRACTIVE COMPLETIONS

Let R:ニVU*.The皿, R、is a partia1 isometry such thqt

     ini(R)=ran・DA・,拘(R)=ran DAr andγ=即・

Now we wi皿shoW that R1)A.ニDA. R. R)r each yo∈Ko,we have

RUDBB“yo = V1)BB“yo=−ACfyo ; UDBB“y・.

Lemma 3.5(a)iml》lies that{σ1)BB*yo:yo∈Ko}is a dense subspace of ran DA・、A. Therefbre, by continuity we obtai皿

R=毎・n・an・DA・・A・

・Since DA. maps ran DA・.A into ran 1)A・A,this implies .Rl)A・ニ1)A・ R on ran DA・ A. ff Y1∈ran 1)A*θran.DA申A,then there exists an x1∈ran 1)B era皿1)BB*

such that Y1=Ux1(Claim 1). We can prove that Vxl∈ran 1)牟θ

ran DA・A similarly as Claim 1. Lemma 3.4(b)yields Yl=1)A. yl and Vxlニ1)A. Vx1.Therefbre, vぱe obtain the fblowing equa五ties: RDA・ yl

=  鞠1 =RUXl

=  yx1 =DA・VXl

=1)A・ RUx1=DA・砂1.

Hence, we obtain R.DA*=DA掌R on ra皿1)A*θran 1)A* A・ If Yl∈ 訂θra丑PA牢,then 1)A*y1=Oand Ryl=90. So, we obtain Rl)A・ Y1ニ

0=DA・勘、. H・nce, w・have RDA・=1)A・R・n瑞θ・an DA・.

Coml)ining these facts, we obtain R1)A・ニDA・R onκ’.     (Su伍ciency)Since R=1云オon ran 1)A*ノ1・we have        RU1)BB*+AO“=O. Procee《五ng siInilarly a8 i皿the proof of the“if,−part of Theorem 3.1, we ol)tai皿        A“DA・RU+0“B =O.

Since R1)A牢二1)A廟R, we have RU1)IB=RDA・UニZ)A・RU・Hence

A*RUDB+0“B=0.

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T.KIDERA AND S. MIYAJIMA

69 Furthermore, since(RU)*RU(resp. RU(RU)*)is the orthogonal pro− jection onto ran DB(resp. ran、DA噂), we obtain

(RU1)B)*RUDB=DB(RU)*RU1)B=1)』

and

         1)A・RU(1)A・RU)*=1)A・RU(RU)*1)A・ニ1)1・・ Theref・・e, if X−RUD・,・h・n圏i・a・ni…y・P・・a・・… From this result, we can easily obtain the following CoRoLLARY 3.8. Le孟∬, K,∬o,Koヅノ1,β and O 6eα8 in§1. Then,

[司』晒・n・unit・r…mpl・・i・n if・k・・(毎一DA*)一{・}・・

k・・(∫HオーDB)={0}ん・『∂・ P…F・Fi・・t ass・m・th・t k・・(∫KオLDA・)={0}・Ifth・・e exi・t・a ・nit・・y・・mpl・ti・n, th・・th・assumpti・n k・・(∫κオー DA*)={0}impli・・ ran DA・=ran 1)A・・4 by Lemma 3.4. Hence only the orthogollal projec− tion onto ran.DA*can satisfy the condition fbr R in the above proposition, ・nd h・nce th・uniq・・ness・f・ll・w・・1・…ek・・(缶オーDB)={0}h・1d・・ consider the adjoint of the operator matrix.■      The proof of Parrott,s Theorem is easily reduced to the proof of ・h・f・・tth・・[司h・・・・・…a・・ive c・m・1・・i・n und・・c・ndi・i・n・(D・2) and(D.3)(see[4D. Therefore the proqf of the following proposition, whose content is merely a specia1 case of Parrott,s Theorem, yields an alternative way to prove Parrott,s Theorem. PRoPoslTloN 3.9(special case of Parrott,s Theorem). Let瓦K,∬o, Ko, A,.日αnd O beαs in§1. Assume that conditions(D.2)αnd(D・3) i・・Th・・−3…re ・α・i・fl・d・ Th・n, [.2] h・・…加α・ti…c・m・』・ PRooF. As in the proof of the“if,−part of Theorem 3.1, we de丘ne the

unitary operator S from ran DBB*to ran 1)A・・4=ra皿AC*・Next,

we define an operator T:Ho±→Koi by lineaエly extending the following

mappmg:

       T・・ ・一{5「x1 (Xl∈ran l)BB*);0 (x、∈瑞θ・an・DBB*).

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70

CONTRACTIVE COMPLETIONS

Then,・T is・a partial isometry satisfying ini(T)ニran 1)BB*, fin(T)=ran 1)A・A

and

T1)BB*+AC*=0.

Proceeding similarly as in the proof df the ’“if,−part of Theorem 3.1, we

have

      A“1)A・T+C’Bニ0. Next we show that 1)A. TニT1)B. PrOceeding simjlarly as in the proof of.Claim 2, we have 1)A.TニTDB on ran 1)Bβ*. If xll∈ran DBθ ran 1)BB*,then from Lemma 3.4(a)and the de五nition of.T,we have

1)A・ TXIIニ1)A・O=0=Txll=TDBXII.

Hence, we obtain DA*TニT1)B on ran DBθran1)BB*. If x12∈

瑞era皿DB, then DBx、2=0. Hence, DA・Tx、2ニ0=TDBx、2,

and we ol)tain 1)mT=T1)B on五オθran 1)B. Therefbre, we have

DA寧T=T1)B on瑞・Setting.X:『T1)B,we have

       x*xニDBT*TD・≦D』二毎一B*B

and、4*X十C*Bニ0. Hence, we have

閲*闘

<一

X*X十B*B

、4*x十c*B

[晋よ]・

㌫5:9]

Th…[副h・・a・・n・・a・・i・…mpl・・i・n閏・1

{i].

2

REF肌ENCES

Ba皿,」.A. and I. Gohb但g,αα88萌とα‘‘oη㎡sゐ碗⑳αがαnτ8ωbξ脚ce3 qr mqt・i・es嚇洗㎝緬α励・m・ndωm〆・ti・n Of m・t・i’・・s,“Ope・at・r theory a皿d systems(Amsterdam,1985),,(Operator Theory:Advances a皿dApplications voL 19),23−85, B三rkh5user, Basel−Boston,1986. Conway,」.B.,‘‘A Course in Fu皿ctio皿a1 Analys三s,,, Graduate Texts i皿 Mathematics, Spring6r−Verlagl New−Ybrk,1985.

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T.KIDERA AND S. MIYAJIMA

71 【3]F()ias, C. a皿d A. Tannenbaum, A Strong Parrott Theorem, Proceed−    ings of the American Mathematical Society,106(1989),777−784. [4】 Parrott, S., OnαQuotient norm and the Sz・−Nagy−Foias L碗‘ng The−    orem, Journal of Functional A皿alysis,30(1978),311−328. [5】Sel)esty6n, Z., Pamott’s tゐeorem versus strong Parrott theorem, Seme−    sterbericht Funktionalanalysis,17(1990),(Wintersemester)227−229. 【6]Y(∼u皿g,N.,“An Introduction to. Hilbert Space,,, Cambridge Mathe−    matical Textbooks, Cambridge University Press,1988. Toru KIDERA Department of Mathematics Faculty of Scie皿ce Science University of Tokyo Wakamiya−cho 26, Shinj uku−ku Tbkyo 162 Japan Shizuo MIYAJIMA Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science Science University of Tokyo Wakamiy&cho 26, Shinj uku−ku Tokyo 162 Japan electronic address ssO849@jpnsut20.bitnetjp

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