SUT Jouma1 of Mathematies (R)rrnerly TRU Mathematics) Volume 27, Number 1(1991),49−71
Contractive Completions of Operator’
@Matrices
Dedicated to Professor Tsuyoshi A皿do on his 60th birthdayToRu KIDERA AND SHIzuo MIYAJIMA
(Received April 9,1991) Ab・・・・・・・・・・・……・・i・[醐i・c・11・d…mp1・・i…f・・i・…p1・…P− ・・…m・・…[.2]・S・…gP・…“T・…em・・C・F・i…d−A・Ta・…b・um gi・・…ecess・・y・・d・uM・i・n・…d・・i・・f・・[。2]・・b・….c・n・・・…▼e c・mple− tion which is equal to a given unitary operator on a given sub8pace・In tbis paper Strong Parro“Theorem is further generalized and a criterion of tlle existence of a unitary completion is obtained・ 1980Mathematics 5%6ゴεcf Ctassifications(1985 Re㊨‘sion).Primary 47A20, Secondary 47A62. . 、 Key電〃ords 4π己ρ九アα8e8.・operator matrix, completio叫Patrott,8 theorem, strong Parro“theorem, contraction, partial isometry, unitary completion・ §1.Introduction and notations
S・pP・・e・h・・ani…mpl・…P・・・…m…iX[Bc]i・9i・・n・wh・・ee…i・S are operators betwee皿Hilbert spaces. Now, we consider the problem tofi・d…P・・a…X…h…h・・P・・a・・…・・i・[xABO] h…m・ni・e
P・・P…i…[XABc] i・ ・aid・・b…・m・1・・i・n・f同・A・t・・h・
completion to a contraction, Parrott,s Theorein[41 is fu皿damental. His result gives a necessary and su冊cient condition fbr the existence of a ・・mp1・・i・n・f[副・・a・・n・・a・・i…Thi・th…em・an b・apPli・d・・ prove Nehari,s theorem concerning the boundedness. of Hankel matriX(see [6],p.199). Cil)rian Fbias and AUen Ta皿nen1)aum proved a stre皿gthehed version of Parrott,s theorem, Strong Parrott theorem【3]. Their resultgi…anecess・・y・nd・唖・i・・…ndi・i・輌同・・hav・a・・n・・㏄ti・・
completion which is equal to a g三ven unitary operator on a given subspace. In§2, we give a genera狙zation of Strong Parrott Theorem・Namely we wil gi・・a・necessary・・d・uM・i・n…ndi・i・n f・・圃・・hav・a・・n・・a・ti・・ 4950
CONTRACTIVE COMPLETIONS
completion.whichl is equa 1・ to la giVen’contraction .o皿agive皿subspace・ Moreover, in§3, we wi11とonsider necessary and suMcient conditions for[司・輌…㎡…y・・mpl・・i・n・
We would like to note here that .the term“completion,, is used concerning operator matrices in a dif琵re皿t context i皿[1]. But we llse this ter皿in the sense stated at the beginning. Our choice would l)e a£ceptal)1e since it is sUitable, and our usage is not contradictory to that in[1]. Now we would like to fix some nota尤io皿s. Throughout this paper, H,K denote Hill)ert spaces and a皿operators are bounded五near oper− ators. 〈・,・>denotes the inner product. FQr closed subspaces M「.a皿d ハI of a Hilbert spa£e, MθハX denotes M∩2V⊥, H()⊂ H, Ko ⊂ K are dosed sub spaces, and A:ff(〕→ Koi,」B:HoL → Ke,0:」70.→ Ko are・・n・・a・・i・…W…n・id…h・i…mpl・…p・・a…m…i・同und・・
these.conditions. pHo (resp. Pκo)de皿otes the orthogonal projectio皿 丘om H onto Ho(resp・from K、onto Ko)・R)r a皿operator T from H to K,TlHo denotes the restriction of T.to HO..ker T, ran T and ran T denote the kernel of T, the range of T a皿d the clos1皿e of the range of T,respectively. Fbr a皿op erator」R on 」ff()a皿dε>0,」Rε:=R十εIHo. Fbr a partial isometry U, ini(σ)(resp.∫in(U))denotes the initial space of U (resp. the fipal space of U). Fina皿y, the defect operator 1)s of a contraction S三s defined by(1−S*S)1/2,where l is the identity operator on the domain of 5「.§.2. A generaliZation of Strong Parrott Theorem『
Pa[rrott,s Theorem mentioned, in the i皿troductio皿reads as fbllows.PARRoTT,s THEoREM([4]). Let∬,」K,五b,κo,∠4,1ヲαη∂06eα8
i・§・・Th・・,囹ゐ・…・・͡・ωm輌・問・H6⊥㊥珊→
吋㊥嗣一ば輌[2]・H・一碍㊥K・・nd聞・瑞Φ砺1−K・
α7℃contraction8. C.Fbias and A. Ta皿enl)aum obtained the following strengthened version of Parrott,s Theorem.T.KIDERA AND S. MIYAJIMA
51 STRoNG PARRoTT THEoREM([3]). Let頁,」K,丑b, Ko,ノ1’, B lαnばObeα8‘n§1 and let Hl⊂∬and Kl⊂Kbe¢losed subspaces and
’・tv・五・→五・be…剛・P・r・t・柵・・,同ゐ・一・・tra・励・
ωm卿・圏…九・力・・閏一γ・・丑・ザ・・d・nl・・ift九・μ・輌
⑳ditions are satisfied: (C.1) (C.2) (C.3) [S]≦・・ll[B・]ll≦・・ PK。V=【B C]1H,; VPH・・IH[・−PJ〈・[2]・ The original proof of Stro皿g Paエrott Theorem employs Parrott,s Theorem three times. Let us consider whether we can simplify their proof a皿d relax the condition that V is皿itary. As to these problems we obtained the following Theorem. After we finished the probf of this theorem, we fbund that Sebesty6n[5】gave a simplified proof of S trong Parrott Theorem which iS close to ours in the case of unitary V・But we beHeve that our theorem is worth recording since it treats non−unitary V,s and is natural in the category of contra£tions. THEoREM 2.1. Let丑, K,∬o,∬1,Ko,、K1,∠4, B,αηばObe a3 inStrong Parrott Tんωrem and letγ:∬1→Kl beαcontraction. Then,
[副ゐ・・…͡…pl・・i・n閏・痂ゐ・t[ge]一γ・・丑・
ザαn吻鳩卵ゐeノ’ollOωing conditions are satisfied: (C.1) (C.2) (c・3)’ [2]≦・・ll[B・]ll≦・;熾。γ=[BO]1π1;
[PH。 I H1−[A*0*]V[A*0*】 V O]・拓㊥五一丑・㊥面 ‘8α¢ontraction. To prove this theorem we firSt show the following lemma, of which part(a)and(c)are almost the same as known resUlts stated as exercises in[6]. However, fbr the sake of convenience, we state it with a proof.52
CONTRACTIVE COMPLETIONS
LEMMA 2.2. Let丑, K,丑o,丑1,1ζb and」KI be.αs in Strong Parrott Theorem. Suppose伽t a l碗nded linear operator R on」IO is positive andlet 5 beα加μη4e4臨eαアope耐or動m Hl to珊. Then tんεノbπ0ω迦
assertionsゐolば.(a)5αPP・8e鋤彦α∼㊨顕4㎡伽劔r・perut・r Q・η∬1畑・8鋤ε』九eη,
the following statementsα7℃equivalent (c∫.[6],lP.153). (ar1)For any Xl∈」71αηば¢o∈丑b, 〈Qx・,¢・〉+2Re〈Sx・,x・〉+〈Rx・,¢・〉≧0・(ar2)F・r飢yε>0,0−5*Rご15≧0.
(b)Le£γ6eαcontraction from Hl to頁1・Th『η, theプb”oω‘η98施te− ments are eguivalent.(b−・)−y・〉・・ ・h・ ・perat・・一[Eご酩・5]加m五・t・
1(1㊥刀01isαcontraction. . ’ (b−2)丁九ere e斑8α・・ntracti・n y加m.石r・to五〇sue九オゐα重S= Rl/2Y1)γ. (b−3) There e¢‘3τ8 α contraction Z 吻7η HI to Ho プbr ωhic九 t力ε・魎・一田‘…・n−−45=R・!・Z・
(C)Let To be a c・η施吻η加m刀b t・.κ. Then,‘ゐe輌・ωing state− ments are equit)alent. (c∫.[61,p.155). (c−1)There exists・a¢・ητmcε‘ρπy伽m丑1 t・五b 8μcゐ伽τ・5ニ 1)1byDy.(・−2)Th・・獅・・一[%o“
contraction. PRooF. Proof of(a):罰or xl∈五「1 and¢o∈17b, 〈Qx・,¢・〉+2Re〈5¢・,¢・〉+〈」ぬ・,¢o> =〈鋤1,¢1>+〈5¢1,¢0>+〈5*¢0,X1>+〈RXO,XO>〈匿1園・園〉・
]from H・㊥一・㊥K・
isαT.KIDERA AND S. MIYAJIMA 53 Th・・ef・・e・・ndi・i・・(a−1)i・eq㎡・al・n・t・ 隣]≧・・ which is in turn equivalent to ∀・〉・・[榴≧・・ 0。th。。th。,・hand w。 hav。 th。 f。ll。唖g。q。ality、
[劉一[Q−5;Rご15竃1[Rき5嘉]
一[’g・5驚一1][°−5;R;15』1[R舞晶]・
Since
[IH、 OR;151H。] 1−[一塾5よ] a皿d』[㌍竃1]−1=[’9i一欝1]
w。hav。 an。、h。, eq。ali、y:[Q−S’*1Z;15’ 0 0 Rε]一[T一劉[閲[一塾5㌫]
By the equalities.[Rき5嘉r−[’g・5驚一1]
a皿d障5嘉r=[T・一劉・
we ca皿easily’ see the following eqUivalence from the above equalities:∀・〉・・[榴≧・6∀・〉…一ずR;15≧・・
’54
CONTRACTIVE COMPLETIONS
Therefbre, we・btain Lemma 2.2(a).・・ Proof of(b):If(1)−1)holds true, then丘)r a皿ε>Othere exists a contraction Ye frem Hl to Ho such that s=Rl/2Y。Dti. Since the unit ball of the space of a皿1)ounded linear operatOrs on H is compact in the Weak operator topology, the net{Ye:ε>0}has a cluster pointγin the unit ba皿asε↓『0(see{21, Proposition 5.5 in p.282 and Propositio皿2.6 i皿p.379). Let xl∈丑1 a浪d¢o∈」eo.Then.fo1 anyζ>0, there eXists anεo>Osuch that Rl/29・−R’/2x・ <ζ (o<∀ε<εo) ・ince Hm。_.。 Rl!2 i R・/・.A・yi・a・1・・t・・p・i・t・f th・n・t{Ye・ε> 0},fbrεo andζabove, there exists anε1>Osuch thatε1≦εo and 〈Ye、DvX、,R’/2X。〉一〈yDvX、,R’/2X。〉 <ζ. Hence, fbr anyζ>0,we have the following inequalities: 〈SXI,Xo〉《R1/2yDγ・、,・。〉・ <<}1、D・X・,R…(2・・〉一〈Ye、1)VX、,R1!2X。〉 +〈y』、1)γ・、,Rl/2・。〉一〈γ1)γ・、,瓦1!2・。〉 <llX・1111R…!2・・−R1/2・・ll+ζ <(11¢、ll+1)ζ.Lettingζ→十〇,we obtain
〈SX、,・。〉ニ〈Rl/2yDvX、,・。〉. Therefore, we obtai皿S’=R1/2 y1)V.Co皿versely, assume that(b−2)holds true. Since O≦R≦Ri a皿d RRε.=RεR,we have Rl/21ζ1E1!2≦塩。 Thus, we have γΨ+.5*R三15=1γΨ+1)Vγ“R1/2丑二1R1/2y1)γ≦.γΨ+DvY“YDv ’
≦γΨ+蹄=IH、.T.KIDERA AND S. MIYAJIMA・ 55 H・nce・・h・・P・・a…m…i・ mRご酩・5]i・a・・n・・a・・i・n・ The equivalence of(b−2)and(b−3)is easily yeri五ed・ Proof of(c):Assume that(c−1)is satisfied. Then, we have
圖一[1)To OOIκ、]間
一{[igo iR,]一圃囲*}1/2[γク・]・』
Si・・e m劉i・a・・n・・a・・i・n・・hissh・w・th・・際]i・a・・皿・・㏄・i・n ([6]Prol)lem 12.20). Conversely,、 if(c−2)holds true, then there exists acontractio皿Z:∬1→Ho㊥Kl such that
[e]一{[ig・,R、]一[到[田*}1!2z
−[㍗よ、]z・L・・Z一
」・Th・n・w・』Z・一γand,th・・ee泊・t・a・一・輌
y:丑1→Ho such that Z1=y1)zゴ=γ1)ゾsince llZll≦1. Therefbre,
we ol)tain 5=1)1bγ1)γ.■ Now we.begin to prove Theorem 2.1.『. ・PROOF OF THEOREM 2.1.
(SufHciency) 『Let H2:=Hl十Ho a皿d K2:=Kl十Ko・De五ne a
li皿ear bperator U:∬1十∬o→Kbyσ(xl十¢o):ニVxl十(ノ1十〇)xo (fbr x1∈Hl,xo∈H()). If we show that llvxi十(A十〇)xol1≦llx1十xo ll (xl∈H1, xo∈Ho), thenσis well−defined, i.e.;f()r xl,¢{∈丑1 and xo,x6∈Ho,・・+x・=・1+x6⇒V・・+(A十〇)x・=嘱+(A+0)・6・
L・tR・=IH。−A“A−C“C・・nd S・=(PH。 IH・)−A*鞠y−0*互・V・
Then, by Lemma 2.2(c),(C.3)’implies that there eXists a contraction Y56
CONTRACTIVE COMPLETIONS
伽m丑・t・H・・u・h・・h・・ S−R・!・yDv(r・・.T・・一[2]i・(・一・)・f Lemma 2.2). Theref()re, by Lemma 2.2(b), we see that f()r a皿yε>0 [R㌶・S] i・a・一・・…i・n…eq・i・al・皿・ly (IH、−v’v)−5*R:15≧o.Hence we have the fbllowing inequality fbr¢1∈∬1 and xo∈丑b by
Lemlna 2・2(a): 〈侮、一γΨ)x・,・・〉+2R・〈Sx・,x・〉+〈Rx・…〉≧0) or equiValently〈V’Vx・…〉+2R・〈(A*毎+0’pK。)V…x・〉+〈(A“A+0*C)…x・〉
≦〈JHix、,x、〉+2R・〈(pH。1∬、)x、,¢。〉+〈」煽¢・,x・〉, or e(1uivale皿tly (・) llγx、+(A+0)x。ll2≦ll・、.+x。112. Therefbreσis a wel−defined co皿tra£tio皿. Now let U be the uniquecontinuolls extensio皿ofσto∬2. Thenσis a contractio皿from」H2 to
五.Since[B q is a contractio皿from∬to KQ,if we show㌻hat(**) ’ PK。σ=【B O】IH,,
then Parrott,s Theorem yileds the existence of a co皿tra£tion T:丑→K such that OP= TlH, and [B O】 = 」pKo T. By the definition of σ,万一Tl丑・impn・・th・・[2]一万1珊一TIH・ and・V二万1丑・−TIH・・
Th・・ef・・e同h…・n・・㏄・i・…mp1・・i・n T・u・h・h・・Tl∬・一γ・
T・・h・w(**),・・t・th・t・f・・ a・y x、∈∬、,th・・e・eXi・t・eq・・nce・{xln)}n i・丑、・nd{x8n)}。 i・ff。 su・h th・t・1π)+x8n)→・,(・→∞). Fr・m (C.2),we have PK。万・,ニlim PK。万(xln)+x8n)) 九→◎◎ 一蕊{PK.v・ln)+PK。(4+・)xln)}. =工(BPH,L+qPH,。)(xln)+x8n)).. =(BPH⊥+CPH。 0)x・・T.KIDERA AND S. MIYAJIMA
57 Therefbre(**)holds true, which completes the proof of the su伍ciency. (Necessi・y)If[副h品…皿・・㏄・ive c・m・1・・i・n[92]・u・h ・h・・囲一γ・n∬・,・h・ni・i・easy…h・w・h・・(C・・)・nd(C・2)h・ld true. We show(C.3)’. Fbr x1∈∬1 and xo∈Ho,we have 閲(・・+・・)−V・・+(A+・)… Since圏i・a・・n・・a・・i・・, w・・b・ai・ llγx・→一(A+o)x・ll≦llx、+x・11.L・tR・=IH・一鯉一〇*0皿d 5・ニ(PH・1∬・)三A*叛オγ一〇*PK。γ・
R)110wing the argllment to derive(*)i皿the proof of suMciency i皿the oPPosite direction, we have y*y+s*R;1s≦IH、 f…ny・〉・・Th・・ef・・e・f・・any・〉・・[R;Y,・S]i・a・・n・・a・・i・n・ Hence, from Lemma 2.2(b)a皿d(c), condition(C.3)’is satisfied, which colnpletes the proof■ As shown impHcitly in the above proof,(b)and(c)of Lemma 2.2 implies that(C.3)’is equivalent to the fbllowing condition: (C.3)” {there exists a contraction Y .from∬1 to∬O such tゐat(PH・1∬・)−A*互オγ一〇*PK。γニ(塩。一崩一〇℃)・!・YD。. Hence we can ref()rmulate Theorem 2.1 as f()Hows. CoRoLLARY 2.3. 1}et∬,五,.Ho,丑1, Ko, Kl,ノ1,、B αnd O beα8 in Str・ng Parr・tt The・rem and・let V:∬1→Kl be a・・ntracti・η. Then,同ゐ・・…・m・励ec・m卿n閏・酬司i2|一γ・・∬・
zf and only if conditions(C.1),(C.2)and(C.3)”are satisfied. If y:Hl→1(1 is unitary, then it is easy to show that(C.3)’is. equivalent to the fbllowing condition:(C・4) A*撫y+0?κ。y=PH。1丑・・
・58
CONTRACTIVE COMPLETIONS
It・is clear that(C.4)impUes(C.3)1.・Under ithe additional condition that γis an isometry,(C.3)’is equiyalent to(C.4). Simila『ly,、under the ・ddi・i・n瓠…di・i・皿・h・・m2]i・ani・・輌(C・3)’i・al…q−・t・
(叫Th・・ef・・e・w・緬・th・姐・wi・g G・・11・ri… CoRo砧ARY 2.4. Let H,」K,∬o,∬1,」Ko,」K1,『・4, B and O beα8 in Strong Parrott Theoremαη♂letγ:∬1→KI beαn isometry.2「んeη,[副九・・…͡ec・m卿・圏・・Cゐth・・ [i 2]・−y・・丑・
if and only if conditions(C.1),(C.2), and(C.4)α7℃satisfied. Co RoLLA RY 2・5. .Let丑, IK,.Ho,丑1、,κo,」K1,ノ4, B and O be ・・in Strong Pdrrott Th・・rem and‘1・彦γ・∬・→K・be…nt・a・ti・n−d
m2]・∬・−K−・・m・t・s・・司B参|λ・…一一・
ωm輌・圏・・』・圏一γ・・晒・nd・剛・・n翻・η・
(C.1),(C.2),and(C.4)are 8ατ晒e4.§3. ComPletion to a unitary operator
N・wwe c・n・id・・皿d・・wh・…皿di・i・n・同h・…ni…y・・m・1・・i・n・ As to this I)roblem We obtai皿eq’.the fo皿owing theorem. THEOREM 3.1. Let∬, K)丑o, Ko,.A, B and C beαs in§1. Then,[副九・…輌・・inpl・・i・・圏・∬’㊥H・一κ’㊥珊・nd
Qnly if the follozving eonditions qre satisJ7ed:(D・1)thb.・魎・晒・l i・・m鋼Mオ→苛r吻九・t
蝋σ)=ran DB,抗(u)=.ran・DA・andσDB=’1)A・・U;
(D.2) (D.3)A*A+0℃=IH。;
BB*+OC’ = 1κ。.T.KIDERA AND S. MIYAJIMA
59 PRooF oF THEoREM 3.1 (‘‘only if,−pa□t)・ ・・mp1・・i・n圏,・h・・w・hav・If同.has a uni・ary
[1:2:][笥一[晋㌫]
and
[i2][1凋一[lss ,2。]・
Erom these equalities, we obtain the fbllowing equations:(i) x“x+B*B=旬・xx*+AA*=毎;
(ii) X.β*十A.0*=0; (iii)A’X+ぴβ=0;
(i・) A“A+0℃=」rH,, BB*+CO*=IK。・
Th。、(D.2)a皿d(D.3)・・e・b・ai・・d. L・t lxl−(x“x)1!2㎝d lx「= (XX・)1!2. By th・p・1・・dec・mp・・iti・n・f X, th・・e ・Xi・t・a剛i泣isometry u such that ini(の=ran lx1, fin(u)=’ran x and x=
ulxl・=・lx・1σ. Fr・皿(i), lxl2 = Db and lx’12=DZ・・Th…iq・・ness of positive squar e root yields lxlニ1)B and Ix*1=1)A・.Hence ini(u)=≡凶一一・an・DB,拘(σ)=…x=(k・・x*)⊥=(k・・lx’1)⊥−
ran IX*1ニran DA*,a皿d UDB=1)A* U. Thus,(D.1)is ol)tained.■ T・・h㎝・h・・eXi・t・皿ce・f a uni…y・・mpl・・i・n閏・f[.e]・ we have to find an ol》erator . X:丑オ→κオwhich satis丘es the equations (i),(三i)a皿d(iil). R)r this purpose, we need a series of lemmas.LEMMA 3.2. Let丑,頁,刀b, Ko,ノ1, Bαn∂Obeα8 in§1.ノlssume
that conditions(D.2)and(D.3)are satisfied. Then‡ゐeプblloωing equali一 重‘e8 hold: (a) llDB1ヲ*yo 11=1レlo*yoll プbr any yo∈K{); (b) ll1)A申 AXo 11=llB.’CXoll ノ「or any Xo∈Ho・60
CONTRACTIVE COMPLETIONS
PRooF.(a):From(D.2)and(D.3), we have 11DbB・yol12 〈B(旬一B’B)B*yo・yo> 〈BB*(IKo−BB*)yo,yo> 〈(IKo−00*)00*310,310> 〈0(IHo−0*0)0*yo,yo> 〈0/4*・4C*yo,yo> llAO*yo|12. (b):We can similarly prove(b).■ LEMMA 3.3・ Let」ff,」K,」ffo, Ko,ノ1・Band C 6eα3 in§1・Assume tゐat conditions(D.2)and(D.3)are sαtisfied. Tカen the f()lloωing eguαlities hold: (a) (b) (c) (d)PROOF.
01)ノ1=DB*o;
0/1*1).4牢ノ1=.召1)BB*0; 1)A*ノIC*=ノ10*D、B*; 1)BB*0=.B*01)ノt. (a):Since O(0*0)ニ(00*)0,by(D.2)and(D.3), we have O(勾o−∠4*ノ4)=(IKo−BB*)C・ Hence, fbr every nonnegative integer n,we have O(IHo一ノ4*・4)n=(IK。−BB*)nc. On the other hand, there e)dsts a sequence{pn}n of polynomiaユs suchthat
llPn(IHo−∠4*∠4)−DAII−一→0, llPn(II〈o−BB*)−1)B*ll−→0.Since
OPn(IHo−A*A)=Pn(IKo−BB*)o
fbr all n,we obtain O1)A=1)B. C by letting n→oo.T.KIDERA AND S. MrYAJIMA
61 (b):By(a),(D.2)and(D.3), we obtainCA*DA・A=
ODλA*A
DB・C(玩。−0℃)
1)B・BB*O
BDBB*0,
where we have used the well−known facts A*Dm=1)AA*a皿d 1)B*B= B工)B.The proof of these facts is similaエto that in(a)((≠ proof of Theorem 12.20 in[6D. (c):By(a), we have DAO*ニ0*DB..Hence, DA・AC*=ADAC*=AO“DB・. (d):F・・m(a),.DBB*0=B’DB・0=BfO1)A・■ LEMMA 3・4. Let丑,」K, Ho’Ko’ノ1 and’B 6eα8 in§1’ Then the 戊’ollOω晦assertions hold. (a)Let・X、∈ran DB. Then, the foll・ω迦statements・are・guivalent・ (・r1)x、∈(・ar・・DBB*)⊥. (ar2) x・=DBX1・ (ar3) 11Xill=ll1)B’xlll・ (b) Let Y1∈ran 1)A*.1「hen, t九eプbllO.wing statement8 are equivalent・ (b−1)y、∈(・a皿1)A・A)⊥. (b−2) Y1ニ1)A牢Yl・ (1)−3) 11yill=111)ノ1寧YIII・ − PRooF. First we prove paエt(a). (・r1)⇔(・r2)・lf・’x、∈(・a・DBB・)⊥, th・n BDBx・=0・’S・,B*BDBx・=0,(毎一B’B)DBx・=DBx・・Th・・ef・・e・D;x・−DBx・=
0.He皿ce,(缶,十DB)DB(1日オー1)B)xlニ0. Since 1口,十1)B≧1吾オ,we・btai・DB(旬一DB)x・=0・H…e(毎一DB)x・∈k・・D
B.On the ・ther hand,・・∈・a・DB imph・・(毎一DB)x・・∈斑DB・Th・・ef・・e・62
CONTRACTIVE COMP.LETIONS
(互オーDB)x・∈k・・DB∩・・n DB’={0}・Th…w・hav… =DB…
Conversely, if xl=DBxl,then we readily obtain B*B1}BxI=0. Hence (BDB)*BDBX、ニDBB*BDBX・=0・ Th・・, BDB・、=0・・d・・lv、∈(・・n DBB・)⊥. (a−2)⇔(a−3):It su伍ceS to show that(a−3)implies(ar2). if llxill= llDB・・II,th・n〈x・,x・〉=〈(毎一B*B)x・…〉・・nd・・〈B*B・・…〉=0・H・nce B・・=0・Th・・ef・・e・(塩オーB*B)x・=x・・Th…(毎+
1)B)(∫H’−1)B)ω1=0・Since缶オ十1)B is one to one・we .have x1.=DBXI.
Proof of part(b):Replacing B in the I)roof of part(a)by、4*,we can prove(b).■ LEMMA 3.5. Let H, K,」ffo,.Ko,、4, Bαnd O∼㎏α3 in§1. Tゐen the プ’ollOω迦αssertions hold. (a) Suppose thαt condition(D.2)is satisfied・Then, ran、40*=ran DA・A. (b) Suppose tゐat coηdition(D.3)is satisfied・Then, ran B*0=ra皿DBB*. もPRooF.(a):R)r each xo∈Ho,(D.2)implies that AC*CXO=A(IH。−A*A)XO =(∫κオーA4*)A・・ ニ D膓鴻。 ニ DA・AI)AXo. So, ran(、40*「ran O)⊂ran DA.んTogether with(AC*)lker O*=0,thisshOWS
ran、40*⊂ran DA・ A.Considering the orthogona1’
モ盾高垂撃?高?獅狽刀@of these two subspaces in ran DA・,we see that it su伍ces to show ker O/1*⊂ker/1*1)A* (in ra皿1)A牢)T.KIDERA AND S. MIYAJIMA
63 fbr the proof of ,the reverse inclUsion・If Yl∈・ker C/1*,t・hen(フ*0/1*Yl= 0.By(D.2), this yields (IH。−A*A)A*Y1=0. From this we can successively obtain the following equalities: A*D2.y、=o, (毎一DZ・)D2・・y・=o,AA*D垣、=o,
(毎+刀・→D』・(毎一・D・・)y・=o・ Since 1云オ十ヱ)A・is one to one and Yl∈ran 1)A・,proceeding similarly as in the proof of Lemma 3.4(a), we obtain Y1=DA瑠1.By Lemma 3.4(b), we have Y1∈ker、A*1)A..Thus, we complete the proof of(a). (b): By condition(D.3),(1ヲ*)*B*十(0*)*0*=IK。.Therfbre, if A,Oin the above proof of(a)are repla£ed by B*,0*respectively, we can pr・ve(b).■ Now, we continue the proof of Theorem 3.1. PRooF oF THEoREM 3.1(“if,−part). From Lemma 3.4(a),(b)and the definition of U,we have the following claim. Claim 1. Theプ’olloωing statements are equivalent. (a) X1∈ra丑1)B e ra皿1)BB*. (b) UXI∈ran 1)A*eran DA* A. Proof of Claim 1:It wil be shown that(a)implies(b). If xl∈ran DB e ran DBB*,then Lemma 3.4(a)yields Hxi II=llDBx1 ll. By the definition of U,we obtain llUx、ll=llx、11 = llDBx、‖=llUDBX・ll=ilDA・ Ux・IL Hence, we have IIUxlllニllDA・ Uxi ll . Since Ux1∈ran 1)A・,丘om Lemma 3.4(b), we obtain Uxl∈ran 1)A. e ran DA. A. We can similarly show that(b)iml)1ies(a).// Now we can find an oPerator X such that(ii)holds true. First, we define an operator S:ran DBB*一一→ran/IC* by setting s(DBB*yo):=−AC*y・ (yo∈K・).64
CONTRACTIVE COMPLETIONS
By Lemma 3.2(a)and Lemma 3.5(a), S is well−defined ’ a皿d continuously extended to a unitary operator from ra丑1)BB*っnto・ran 1)A. A.. We denote this unique continuous extension of S to ran DB B* also l)y S・ Secondly, we define a皿operator T:五オ→Ko by li皿early extending the fbnowing mapPi皿9: TXI:= Lemma 3.2(a)implies that fbr xlo∈ran、DBB*,11Txio ll (D.1),we have llTXn[l and Lemma 3.2(a)yield〈Txlo,Txll>=0ニ〈xlo,xl1>.Hence we have l1T(X、。+¢・・)llニllX・・+X・・ll・ Moreover, Claim l a皿d the definitions ofσamd 5「imply that T皿aps ran DB onto ran DA..Therefbre, T is a I)artial isometry such that ini(T)ニran DB, fin(T)ニran 1)A・ and t t ’ SXI (X1∈ran」DBB*), UXI (Xl∈ran 1)Bθran 1)BB*),0 (Xl∈五オera皿1)B).
=ll¢、oll. Fr・m ニllxll 11 f()r xll∈ran DB e ran DBB*・claim−1(v) TDBB*+AC*ニo・
Let X:ニTDB. Then,(ii)holds true. Next, we co皿sider whether(iii) holds true fbr the same.X. T垣dng the adjoint of(v), we haye BDBT*+CA*ニ0. Thus, BDBT*1)A.、A十C4*1)A.、4ニ0. By Lemma 3.3(b), we obtain BDB(T*DA・A+刀*0)ニ0・ 旧[ence,(T*1)A*A十B*0)xo ∈ ker BDB holds fbr xo ∈ 」70・ Op the other hand, the definitio皿of T and Lemma 3.5(a)imply T*DA・ Axo∈ ran DBB*,and Lemma 3.5(b)implies B*Cxo∈ran DB B*. Therefbre, fbr Xo∈Ho, (T*1)A・A十B*C)Xo∈ker B1)β∩ra皿DβB*={0}・ Thus, we have T*DA.、4十B*0=Oand taki皿g the adjoint of this equality, we obtain (vi) ノ1*1)ノ1*T十〇*1ヲニ0・ Therefbre if we show that 1)A. TニTl)B(=X),then(iii)holds true.T.KIDERA AND S. MIYAJIMA
65 Claim 2. DA・T=T1)Bゐolds true. Proof of Claim 2:Tis de丑ned on∬bi,i.e., on ・an・DBB・㊥(=万三〇・an・DBB・)㊥(丑オθ・an DB)・ If xlo∈ran DB」B*,then there exists a yo∈Ko such that xlo=1)BB*1りo. Then, from Lemma 3.3(c)we haveDA・Tx10=DA・TDBB*yo=−DA・AC*yo
= −AC*DB・yo =TDBB*DB・yo
= T1)BDBB*yo =TDBXIO
Hence, we have I)A. T=T1)B on ran 1)BB*and by continuity we obtain ヱ)A・T=TI)B on ran1)BB*. Let xll∈ra皿DB eran DBB*.Then Lemma 3.4(a)imphes xllニ1)Bxl1, and by the de五nition of T, Txn = UxI1. Since UxI1 ∈ ran 1)A串θ ran 1)A.IA.(Claim 1), Lemma 3.4(b)implies that Uxll=1)A. Ux11. Therefbre, combining these facts, we have 1)A.Txll= 1)A. UxlI=UXII=TXII=T、OBXII. Hence,
DA・T=TDB on ran DB e ran 1)BB*.
If¢12∈丑オθran DB,then 1)Bx12=0. So, from the definition of T,1)A・Tx12=1)A・0=0ニTDBx12. Hence,
DA・T=T1)B・n丑’θ・an・1)B. Theref()re, combining these three facts we have 1)A.TニTDB on∬オ.// Now that DA.T・=Tl)B,by letting X=TI)B,(v)and(vi)show that the equations(ii)and(iii)are satisfied. Moreover, because T*T (resp. TT*)is the orthognal projection onto ran 1)B (resp・ran 1)A.), it fbllows that(TDB)*TDB=DBT’TDBニD9二缶,−B*B,
D・・叩A・・T)*=D・・TT*DA・=D▲・毎一崩*・
Therefbre, fbr the same X,the equations in(i)are also satisfied, which completes the proof of Theorem 3.1.■66
CONTR’ACTIVE COMPLETIONS
REMARK. If we use Le㎜a 3.2(1))aAd ’LeMnia 3.3(d)in ’place’df Lemma 3.2(a)and Lemma 3.3(c), we ca五prove the“if”rpaエt of The(ト ・em 3・・br典na・i・・m・・h・d・Fi・・t・1・t 5 b・d・五・rd by 5(B*0¢o):=−1)A*ノIXo (f()r Xo∈Ho), ’ ニ and extend it by continuity to ran B*C. We.den6te the unique.con− ti皿uous extension bf 5「to ran B*O also by S. By Lemma 32(b)a皿d Lemma 3.5(b),5is uni tary from ra皿DbB*・o皿to ran 1)AヴA. Secondly, 1et T be defined as in the proof of the“ifLpart of Theorem 3.1. The皿うT is a partial isometry such that緬(T)=ran Z)B and∫in(T)=ran 1)A・ and TB*0十1)A・ A=0. From this equality, we have B℃+T“DA・Aニ0. a丑dtaユd丑g the adjoi皿t of this equality, we obtainA’DA・T+C’B=0.
Procee(ling sim冠arly as三n the proof of the“if,−part of Theorem 3.1,1)y the use of Lemma 3.3(1))and Lemma 3.5(a), we obtainT.DBBf+AO*=0.
Lemma 3.3(d), Lemma 3.4, Claim l and the definition of T imply thatTD・−DA・T・L・・X=TDB・・h・皿圏i…ni・ary・・mpl・・i・n・f
[副・
The proof of Theorem 3.1 gives the fo皿oWing simple su伍cient co皿一 dition for the eXistence of a unitary completion. THEOREM 3.6. Let∬,.K,∬o, Ko,A, B and O beα3 in§1∴4ssumeth・書汕4硫i・・t・th・…働ns(D・2)・・d(D・3)・k・・(毎一DAり={0}
・・dk・・(缶,−DB)一{・}ゐ・ld・ Th・・同ゐ・…輌一p』
PRooF. We use the notations in the proof of Theorem 3.1. In the constructi6血of the operatOr T i皿the proof, the」fo皿owi皿g orthogonal decompositions a re utilized:瑞=・an 1)日B・㊥(疏θ・an 1)BB・
㊥(H’θiiii bE),T.KIDERA AND S. MIYAJIMA
67碕=・an・DA・A㊥(工e・an DA・A㊥(已e・a・DA・・
B・tth・a・弓・mpti・n k・・(1κオー1)A・)={0}・・d.k・・(毎一DB)= {0}imply that the second summand of each decomposition is zero(see Lemma 3.4). So we can de五ne、T without usi皿gσappearing in(D.1). The proof of 1)A.T=TDB depends only on Lemmas 3.3 and 3.4, which are derived solely from(D.2)ahd(D.3). Theref()re X:=丁刀B gives a・・i…y・・m・1・・i・n[iel・f[司・l
N・w,we c・n・id…h・・ep・e・e・…i・n・f・all・X・whi・h m・k・・問・u輌・P・・a…,wh・n[。2]h・・a・1…t…uni…y・・mp1・・i・n・A・
to this problem, we ol)tained the fbllowing result. PRoPosITIoN 3・7. Let丑, K,∬o,.κo,ノ1, B αnd O be.αs in§1・5⑭・se叫司ん・…・働・・m輌・問・L・・X・一σIX・1
励・魎r・dec・m《・呵X・・Tゐ・・,圏i…it・・□・∂・剛
X=RXo=RU1)B,ωhere R isα Pαrtiαl isometry on Koi such thαt甑㈹=ran DA・,拘(R)=ran DA・, RDA・=DA・R
and
RI・an D・・Aニ∫1・an DA・んP−・(Necessi・y)Since問i・au・i…y・P・・a…,加m・h・p…f
of the“only if,−part of Theorem 3.1, the polar decomposition of X is written as X=γ1)B,where y:∬δL→κオis a partial isometry suchthat
緬(y)=ran・DB,伽(y)=ran・DA・, VDB=DA・γ
and
VDBB*+AC*=0. By the same reason,σ:五{ナ→頁’is a partial isometry such that緬(の;ran DB,伽(σ)=ran DA・, UDB=DA・σ
and
σDBB*+AC*=0.68
CONTRACTIVE COMPLETIONS
Let R:ニVU*.The皿, R、is a partia1 isometry such thqtini(R)=ran・DA・,拘(R)=ran DAr andγ=即・
Now we wi皿shoW that R1)A.ニDA. R. R)r each yo∈Ko,we haveRUDBB“yo = V1)BB“yo=−ACfyo ; UDBB“y・.
Lemma 3.5(a)iml》lies that{σ1)BB*yo:yo∈Ko}is a dense subspace of ran DA・、A. Therefbre, by continuity we obtai皿R=毎・n・an・DA・・A・
・Since DA. maps ran DA・.A into ran 1)A・A,this implies .Rl)A・ニ1)A・ R on ran DA・ A. ff Y1∈ran 1)A*θran.DA申A,then there exists an x1∈ran 1)B era皿1)BB*such that Y1=Ux1(Claim 1). We can prove that Vxl∈ran 1)牟θ
ran DA・A similarly as Claim 1. Lemma 3.4(b)yields Yl=1)A. yl and Vxlニ1)A. Vx1.Therefbre, vぱe obtain the fblowing equa五ties: RDA・ yl= 鞠1 =RUXl
= yx1 =DA・VXl
=1)A・ RUx1=DA・砂1.
Hence, we obtain R.DA*=DA掌R on ra皿1)A*θran 1)A* A・ If Yl∈ 訂θra丑PA牢,then 1)A*y1=Oand Ryl=90. So, we obtain Rl)A・ Y1ニ0=DA・勘、. H・nce, w・have RDA・=1)A・R・n瑞θ・an DA・.
Coml)ining these facts, we obtain R1)A・ニDA・R onκ’. (Su伍ciency)Since R=1云オon ran 1)A*ノ1・we have RU1)BB*+AO“=O. Procee《五ng siInilarly a8 i皿the proof of the“if,−part of Theorem 3.1, we ol)tai皿 A“DA・RU+0“B =O.Since R1)A牢二1)A廟R, we have RU1)IB=RDA・UニZ)A・RU・Hence
A*RUDB+0“B=0.
T.KIDERA AND S. MIYAJIMA
69 Furthermore, since(RU)*RU(resp. RU(RU)*)is the orthogonal pro− jection onto ran DB(resp. ran、DA噂), we obtain(RU1)B)*RUDB=DB(RU)*RU1)B=1)』
and
1)A・RU(1)A・RU)*=1)A・RU(RU)*1)A・ニ1)1・・ Theref・・e, if X−RUD・,・h・n圏i・a・ni…y・P・・a・・… From this result, we can easily obtain the following CoRoLLARY 3.8. Le孟∬, K,∬o,Koヅノ1,β and O 6eα8 in§1. Then,[司』晒・n・unit・r…mpl・・i・n if・k・・(毎一DA*)一{・}・・
k・・(∫HオーDB)={0}ん・『∂・ P…F・Fi・・t ass・m・th・t k・・(∫KオLDA・)={0}・Ifth・・e exi・t・a ・nit・・y・・mpl・ti・n, th・・th・assumpti・n k・・(∫κオー DA*)={0}impli・・ ran DA・=ran 1)A・・4 by Lemma 3.4. Hence only the orthogollal projec− tion onto ran.DA*can satisfy the condition fbr R in the above proposition, ・nd h・nce th・uniq・・ness・f・ll・w・・1・…ek・・(缶オーDB)={0}h・1d・・ consider the adjoint of the operator matrix.■ The proof of Parrott,s Theorem is easily reduced to the proof of ・h・f・・tth・・[司h・・・・・…a・・ive c・m・1・・i・n und・・c・ndi・i・n・(D・2) and(D.3)(see[4D. Therefore the proqf of the following proposition, whose content is merely a specia1 case of Parrott,s Theorem, yields an alternative way to prove Parrott,s Theorem. PRoPoslTloN 3.9(special case of Parrott,s Theorem). Let瓦K,∬o, Ko, A,.日αnd O beαs in§1. Assume that conditions(D.2)αnd(D・3) i・・Th・・−3…re ・α・i・fl・d・ Th・n, [.2] h・・…加α・ti…c・m・』・ PRooF. As in the proof of the“if,−part of Theorem 3.1, we de丘ne theunitary operator S from ran DBB*to ran 1)A・・4=ra皿AC*・Next,
we define an operator T:Ho±→Koi by lineaエly extending the followingmappmg:
T・・ ・一{5「x1 (Xl∈ran l)BB*);0 (x、∈瑞θ・an・DBB*).70