トップページ - 横浜国立大学学術情報リポジトリ

全文

(1)Betsuyaku. Minoru:. Contemporary Robert. Althoughnot a. body. slgni丘cant. frequently. He. he. (b. 1937). has. dramaturgy. perhaps. Like. few. by. mal･ked. has. been. decade.. of the past. a. created. Minoru. fifty plays;. than. playwright. has. sound. Betsuyaku's plays. a. if weighed something‥. an. created the. other. most. modern. distinctive. a. look,. of ethereal. The. stage. by. the. an. he. uses. Japanese. to. psychology. interpreting. his. Betsuyaku. has. This. study. deceptively become. be. is intended. big. works. Ⅰ･. Betsuyaku. Minoru:. Betsuyaku. Minoru. and. look. a. three. A. was. an. in. is. vagaries,. often. a. generally. Japanese. too,. drama.. contribution of ordinary explorations. t･二e. often匿avidlyseek. as. such. quiet,. humorous,. relationships･ actors. men,. tragedy.. melodies,. For. a. accompanied. ambiguities. extremely. lost. family. signi丘cant. and. as. pushing bicycle,. a. of. a. even皿Odern. constitutes. of I∃etsuyaku,. sketch. brief. Biographical. or. often. quiet. delivery. pulling. ones. masks. by. way,. but. stylized. Challenge his. out. playwright. introduction to Betsuyaku,s. signi丘cant. born. table. a. of. plays;. actor's. general. a. 1960s,. at. as. biographical. a. in the. activities a. as. there. sign,.r. car"),. dialogue or. and. human. "rear. black. the. The. a. often. gaiety. narrator. language,. simple. are. whose. subdued,. surprising,. established. It inclndes. playwrigbt･ theatrical. umbrella. basic. in. ofumbrellas:. the pleasantries,. underlying. tall, sturdy. Likewise,. busstop. (riya-I,a, literally. off-stage familiar air･. eHect. of space.. a. light･. of. old. They. traditional of much language is unique and. drama:. conversational. of the. their. an. of. old,. all Betsuyaku's. Japanese. lives･. histrionics. the. Above. or. song. obviating. voice. an. deliberately'not. move. to. tends. atmosphere measured. children's. to. beach. a. conception. centerpiece:. circle. beside. his. bone.. tediu皿Of. women,. wan. perhaps. tend. all･ by. well-known. a. creating. middle-class. the. his. cart" old-fashioned以pu11 Betsuyaku use great makes. buggy･. only. by. first Of. with. bench,. characters. down. parasols. stage. lamp. street. respectable. Betsロyaku's. baby. bare. weather-beaten. drearily. a. its. distinguished,. are a. employs. pole,. be. might. to. Betsuyaku. and. telephone. a. Rolf. of age,. mol･e. Japanese. playwl･ights,he. typically. in. years. of work,. performed. Japanese mood,. [1fty. yet. Playwright. discussion. of. an. directors. career. a. of his. exa血nation. have. who. as. staged. plays･. Sketch. Manchuria. on. April. 6,. 1937,. the. second. of.

(2) Robert. 54. 丘ve children.. His. A鮎irs. General. of the. by. created. a. in. Betsuyaku. home. Finally. While. were. childrenthey turned. at. Sasebo. and. K6chi,. Japan. Shikoku a. candy. to. 1948. last able. at. restaurant. from. cart. family. secure. to. in. could. serve. point. on. the. children. had. by. security. and,. island. the. In. of. -mother 1947,. March. in. finally. then. Honshu.. Desperate. itinerate. but. peddling, a. operating. especially,. it. Enter･. Betsuya.ku's. of. tried. even. food. to. Prefecture,. interior. the As. uncertainty.. them.. support. mountainous. mother. she. territory.. Japanese.. other. where. Shizuoka. some丘nancial. which. August. Ⅱ10tber assured. proceeded. hometown,. attempt. of Shimizu. Betsuyaku's. by. di氏cultiesand. more. Betsuyaku. in the. of. family. in. leave. to. Betsuyaku's. surrounded. late father's. City. to. Soviet-occupied had. died. her. remove. in. year. adven･. father. of Manchuria. his mother. were. unsuccessful. military. his to. escaped. food.1). for. the. hometown. family,. her. was. she. Kyushu,. Nagano. to. for. bound. were. an. a. when. they. Betsuyaku's in. her. to. support. in. stand. moved. August. they. and. When. regime. years. invasion. ship in July 1946,. safesince. however,. out,. terror. repatriation. now. 1945.. Soviet. nearly. forays. made. she a. aboard. his. vividly. colonialism. in. Bureau. puppet. of those. unsuccessfulattempts. sudden. spending. the. Japanese. aggressive. made. The. family. Few. his family. mother. of Manchuria.. lnformation. government,. in 1932.. Japan's and. his. re皿e工nbers. at. alone. they. by. inthe. o毘cial. Mancbukuo. of the. about. the Betsuyaku. to. administrative. Manchuria. in. March,. area. safer. ran. Agency. brought. tuberculosis. ing. an. least of all Betsuyaku. turism,. led. was. the Japanese. the disasters. to. father. Rolf. a. yatai, to. sake. small ten. about. customers.. life from. Betsuyaku'$ The. family. moved Nagano of. jaw丘rmly. erect,. Betsuyaku. theater:. Betsuyaku,. ing. laughing. smiles. with. source. abound drama. of in. broadly,. an. parted,. into. and. one. folded. arms. childhood. plays.. The. nondescript,. mostly a. kind. latter. tightly a. of. dispassionate,. but a. he. an. in an. empty. by side gestur-. sit side. from. projects in. row. as. Betsuyaku. who. his chest.. over. fruitful, of. eⅡ1pty. two. from. photographs,. sit in. them. Separating. Depictions. his w()rks.. people. The. presents. In. familiar. but. clear. determined,. three. actor. Seat. elnpty. eyes. the. Photographs. face. down.. turned. observant,. photo an. the. then. During. painting･. same. stability.. graduation,. restaurant.. and. playwright:. intelligent,. unfortunate. Betsuyakn's. show. actressand. an. at. school. Russian. in literature. of mouth. In. high. a. increasing. by. characterized. basically. well-known. corners. detachment.. insigbts. is barren. the. set,. lips barely. Betsuyaku's. worked interested. childhood. appears. of emotional. and. his. of Betsuyaku. the鮎sb, air. became. is. Betsuyaku's. until. his mother. where. throt唱bout. photographs bead. Nagano. Betsuyaku. years. him. in. remained Tokyo. to. this. if possibly. uprootedness. Stage. Of. no-man's-land. the. and typical. suggesting. problematic dislocation Betsuyaku both. an.

(3) Betsuyaku. _N^+二{"nl G⊥▲▲Ut･1U▲1q▲. The a. ,)A_^p+ ut=DC⊥t･. spiritual. he. calls his. refers. in. feels that. in. two. was. soon. to. enter. the. involved. with. the. Free. classmates. tion. and. stage. for. Rent. Betsuyaku,s was. deeply. mer. of 1960,. the. demonstrations. of. 1961. in. his. to. sidestre･. city. interior. walled-in. Science. Ono. Seki.. despite. the. coincidences. and. Economics Waseda;. be. in. he. enter. Languages theater. 1957),. group. Betsuyaku. plays･ his. which on. worked. also. produc･. &rst theunpublished Suzuki. year･. the. over. to. try. (Jiyii Butai). of. objections. worked. activities. political. Mutual. Security. that. Room. Tadashi's club. older. second members. in. a. derailment. anticlimactic. opening. successful and. and. paled. A. again. with. in. that in. missile. in. had who in three deaths･. employees,. resulted scope. in. beside. those. of the. a. respected. AlトJapan during. 1961,. range. sum-. contingent. SolengO,. March. the. upcoming. cadre Stage. the Free. acquittal. in. Japan's. Jichikai. for the. union. peak. solid, quiet. Gakusei. Nike. movement. Tosbiba. in 1949. a. of. their against. Treaty.. Betsuyaku. politics･. was. reached. Associations). Self-government the. theater. demonstrations. nationwide. RailⅥ7ayS. train. besides. interest. was ability, Betsuyaku for Zenm'hon (an acronym. against. National. were. Betsu･. his plays. cbildbood,. Foreign. of. and. of Student. a. the. U. SJaLPan. intelligence. he. He. Nevertheless･. Political. his sophomore. perform,ed. mammoth. .i the Zengakuren. causing. in. involved. Federation. was. a. of. his second. was. writing. in. written. consuming. other. of the. his. soon. strangers. received.. well. renewal. it. director,. a. not. art). Stage. was. Betsu-. However,. placed. constraints. of. Department. and. of side-. of his plays. ignore.. (this. Tadashi but. direction,. (Kashima. as. Japan. Suzuki. hoso･. no. perfect. of. is. action. box,. a. involvement.. of development･. Department. 1958. April. ;. surprising. his peripatetic to. the. exam. the. included. summer. in. of the. to. geki). no. homelessness. of the. most. numerous. entered. Univesity. failed. too. a. The. community･. predominate･. and. feeling. a. of. to. strangers. free. that. set,. more. far. leads. in. :. patches many. or. (kankei. and. (Tenjinsama. family. a. reality. about. over. 〉●. ー､′AA). (basho). carries. community;. and. dramas". that. claims. "place". Tnl{vn. fIQ LLU. U､▲ー▲JL. physical. of Tenjin. of forming. barrenness. his dramaturgy. are. family. with. a. violent丘ghting. which. the. the. up. Betsuyaku. waseda. e#.rt. He. link. to. the. had. but. for. street. attribute. open. reluctance. After. ､ノ▲t'▲､′). 1L▲▲ヽノtJヽノ▲▲▲. character. Lane. comic. encounters. city. is somehow. there. between. the. on. to. to. order. setting. for. long. experiences.. childhood. and. lost souls. today's. is reluctant. yaku. at. in. another. one. encounter. his. engage. Narrow. of the process portrayals to his plays as "relationship. abstract. yaku. The. in. one. 55. TY.′､｣.,.･n ′､;十;.iC Cllr.ll. a..d4十 5JL･ヽノu･1-. ^f. ヽノ▲. densetsu) (1973). no. "place";. Betsuyaku's. walk.. ets. (Sh6go. (1979) peddlars. michi). are. Noon. of. which. _n(...,.Y.;1.., uJ.▲Ul▲J▲▲▲▲t'J. ..一11∩.. u▲L}(■▲J.. Playwright. Contemporary. in, their both wander uprootedness characters a They a express strong malaise. need to have. nomadic. Legend. +1_A L･▲▲G. ^.n｣. CL▲J･u. Minoru,. the That. Niijima･. retrial of twenty been. convicted. Still, the previous. events year･. of.

(4) 56. Robert. In. November. independent. Betsuyaku. 1961,. Rolf. took. regular. in. employment. the. ol%ce. an. of. to he was for six years &ve where work and months April 1968. had been (He from Waseda for at until the rolls nonpayment removed in for tuition The was foremen; 1960.) union of construction workers, craftsmen, his job was a demanding one involving many tasks, such as tax counselling and. the. out. putting. yaku's not. tradeunion,. union. sobriety as. only. scrupulous. He. radicals.. often. being. to. even. extended. a. His･ coIVOrkers. newspaper.. and. but. worker,. with. his co-workers. also. he. as. and. had. one. also. Betsu-. that. remarkable but. teetotaler,. virtual. attentive. hiking. went. a. it. found. their respect the. Niijima. the. baseball. of. coached. team.. Betsuyaku. mary. the noISy. becoming. too. allo∇s. deal. them. Tbe. as. He in. the. a. the. most. 1971. ways. activist. assiduously. a. creating. was. to. his role. what. he. not. sees. a. as. number. intimate. the. course. of its the. union. oHICe; from. much,. a. such. in. custo-. Betsuyaku. today. their. demise. often. public. place. totality. to. and. run.. relentless. In. plays.. expect. to. for. audiences. who. for. or. such. a. mills. can. he. are. two. society. of. in. thousand in. which. journalism. an. destroy占d. an. envi1-Onment. atmosphere. people all and. by. see areas. the. of one. of. of. He. and on. He. as. with. ra/u[go. a. Wherein. his. to. ralaJgO. televised. rigorous. is. points. obsession. small. Criticism.. during. plays. life become. entertainment. attends. fame,. forms. entertainment. 丘nds. and. Ⅵ70rks.. by. on. been. not. concentrated. bis. brought. without. trained. has. theater.. contemporary. traditional. mature. he. writer.. YGko;. extensive. understand. novel,. of which. acquire. a. has. 1980s. and. copiously,. his plays;. theatergoers. as. now. Kusunoki. actress. writes. of his. playwrights,. Betsuyaku. earnings. married. quietly,. seldom. quality. about. he. his. oH. Kisbida. annual. ensued.. of the 1970s. lives. production. of. culture. live. 13th. the. Japanese. changes. 1970. of the Japanese. and. only. Many. In. for. contemporary. job and. himself. adherents. satis五ed that. for. the too. in. writing. late 1967. Betsuyaku. can. huge. for. that. for. he. of. pro五ts,. honor. The. the. sought. the. doubts of. from. Even. His. scene.. concentratlng. characters. in. Tadashi･. Japan. storytelling), the. is. that. selected. union. youth;. in. wbetber. sellers and. He. the. community. Betsuyaku. gnst. as. in. small. of fame,. from. respective. o丘ce.. born.. was. he. wary. union. Suzuki. with. has. been. leave. playwright. Betsuyaku. him. claims. his. View. the. at. daughter. a. be. shop;. prestigious. enoughto. parted. (comic. tO. theater home. his dialogue.. in. mired. co鮎e. bi皿. surprise. secure. A. a. shop. prevented. too. of his having. Prize,. came. coffee. the. his way. on. job and, unbelmownst. the union. on. presence. slgni丘cant. writeina. taking. after. dispassionately.. news. Drama. plays. atmosphere. in. somehow with. a. Subjective,. his plays. writes. felt. to. was. routine. found. be. best. writing. continued his co-workers, became. to. so. industry,. much the.

(5) Betsuyaku. integrlty. II.. has. Betsuyaku. Betsuyaku,. Beckett. 1.. "new. drama"),. theater. modern Late. the. kabuki,. of shingeki that. the. and. 1960s. the. rnment. struggles. Sartrean that. for. point. mid-1920s. brought. the. divisions. created Younger. the. at. drama evolved. talented. followed,. independent. the. about. The. solidi丘cation. a. style,. of. Ibsen･. especially. state. were. of affairs. in the in. 1960s.. They. artists. were. generally. Examples. and. by. minimalism. the. an. provide. fashion. leftist,. provided. to. contributed. to. the. realism.. absurdism. helped on. in. antトgove-. politically. experience. these. went. who. a. abandon. the. and All. young. to. The. old. maintain. Japanese. 1950s.. the. to. time,. alienation,. and. young. able. same. directions.. new. between. contemporary. Brecbtian. in. moved. artists. but,. express. that. origins･. were. more. its dominant. as. of realism. of 1960. European. many. dramatists,. popular. within. truly. a. create. no. activity. shingeki. 1950s.2). stance,. drama. Japanese. theatrical. theater. to. from. Western. of. in. kabu7i. term. to. attempt. kabukt', it had. modernize. non-traditional. existentialism,. rocked. remarkalbie･. long-lived. conscious. Unlike. modern. establishment. anti-establishment ways. by. occurred. leftist shinge/u'circles.. of di鮎rent. to. example. throughthe. continued In. the. the. Japan.. new. century,. that. activity. from. attempts. by. on. spurred. extensive. is. art. by the vague,. isknown. what. of the. worthy. twentieth. early. his. to. Ionesco. and. resulted. nineteenth-century. in. his approach. Beckett. drama,. Japanese. (literally,. in. 57. Playwright. Ants-theater. and. Modern. Contemporary. displayed. 1960s,. the. Minoru,. alternative. artistic. personal. and. inclinations. in. starting. original. dramatllrgleS. As 1950s. and. they ing. Betsuyaku. recalls, university. to. attracted. were. did. 1960s. early. directors. movie. Betsuyaku. he. plays. produce. structurally. simplistic. Beckett. lonesco,. and. began. colleagues the. by. untouched become. a. and. that. this conviction. was. could that. socialist. contemporary. in. vogue･. Stage. he. could. realism. explore. that. led. Rather,. at. of becom-. lonesco. made. Waseda. could. inner. workings. After. the. of the absurd, Betsuyaku do on the stage what. theater. they. man's. of. then. Free. and. than. the of. appearance. his youthful in being done. and was. anー三innerreality the. late. young. largely. Betsuyaku. to. playwright.3). Beckett's yaku. theater. so-called. think. of the. members. the. o鮎r･. dreamed. and. Beckett. reading. to. much. of movies. mostly. depiction. more. political the. to. It. movies.. with. fellow. bad. or五ction. However,. his. and. artistic. with. poetry. talked. cinema,. tbe皿Selves･. feel that. possibly. feel that. not. the. students. the. Waiting new. for. theater. in. Godot, that. ca工ne. particular, tO. be. had. referred. a. to. decisive as. the. impact. Little. upon. Theater. Betsu･ Move,.

(6) Robert. 58. of Godot. inspired. dialogue. basic. and. Betsuyaku's. indoor. or. one. setting,. (Supai. Betsuyaku's. being. on. secrets. for Godot.. [1969], that. now was. a. single. "theater". the. (engeki). present to. unable have. we. Tbe. Without. how. grasped conception. of it. speaki喝,. that. the. throughour. was. pedestrian. e.rPression of anti-theater in. us our. the. guise. memories,. to. plays. Godoi. regarded theater the as. by. a. ‥. stances. beloved. "plays.".. was. theater Not. ,... have. "betrayal. of the. play". in. Godot's. theatrical. in. its mode. exceedingly of. its structure;. of function. reciprocity. of the. expression. found. we. between. expression. the. light of. have. generally bring. to. us. taught. time. before. lodged. in. to. the. di氏cult. more. In. but to. of anti-theater when. for we. short,. expression,. structure. to. the. us. appeared. structure.. of. could. us.. was,. a. been. nor. ourselves. much. secret. and. of. attuning. it that. made. the. for. photograph. anti-theater. would. as. virtue. That. be. for. vast. That is,. wretch･. did,. we. when. the. probably. till then. too. entirely. sensibilities･. age. to. could. held. memory. of. the. embrace. bad. the hall. music. of. as. easily. anti-theater. we. concretized.. theater. when. fragmented us. an. of. as. as. of. an. exposed. would. it. about. gentlemen veteran. scent. and. Beckett's. structure,. simultaneously,. we. Godot. inscrutable,. complex,. singular. nostalgic and,. they. that. unlocked. I think. when. much. were. technique. anti-theater. not. and. that. shabby. very. the. of. But. two. photograph,. a. character. thin volume,. a. about. book:. the. as. structure. plays.. special. Godot. the play's. (shibai). out. appearing. prop,丘rst. was. it.. absently,. one. effective. us. of. the皿both. that. the. comprehend. stage. sitting. dragged. men,. day･. in. still "plays". was. two. because. in. discovered. it. The. center.. stage. its. an. of his generation:. devoured. inserted. at. Beckett's. Whether. stage.. owed. feels that. talk among. much. Estragon,. and. of the. edness. so. not. in. case. of his五rstfifty. sixteen. people. practically. bare. inAuenced. (anchi-teatoru; antithe'dtre). He. much. pbotograpb. We. entertainers･. was. the. usually. Movement. the theater. We. was. Vladimir. town,. there. ago. often a. example. unmannered. obviously. besトknown. in. (1969) and. anti-theater. for. call for. is his. the. also. is. As. sit alone,. tree,. organizations.. of anti-theater. Waiiing. props. Little Theater by. has. stages.. of Beckett's. colored. years. two. monogatari). audience. Some. of. that. was. throughsimple,. reality Godoi. frequently. or. vieⅥ㍉ the. 8trOngly. depending. look. instructions. stage. outdoor. Sわ, Story. it. The. pole, reminiscent. In. the. explore. Betsuyaku. upon. inner. man's. for open,uncluttered. preference. telephone. to. to. situations.. Betsuyaku's. 甲orks,. in. him. specific impact. The. (shoge]e2joq undo-).4). ment. Rolf. anti-. lie in. understood. duality. ‥. we. kept. the. of theaterand. expression. used. of anti-theater the. structure. rigidly. of anti-theater. encased to. in. stealthily. the. circum･. undermine.

(7) Betsuyaku. ′･rl_二_. i.. brought. a8. up. At. sion.''. it. rubric. in. died. a. completely. f.und. is the. Betsuyaku. structure. familiar. and. is its absence. in丑uence. and. Betsuyaku's. cloy.. The. literary. Mr.. Little. to. is. from. many. Vladimir. and. under. uexpression". embosome. whom. criti･. structural. chathe. wherein. sa･. angles･. puzzling Estragon. to. an. examination. B;. the. render. it. palrS. is. a. appearance.. leads. (1969). offive and. Betsuyaknseems. to to. about Junked. Gentlemen. halve. been the. imaginatively in. fascinated characters. by. the. reminiscent. such. Hamm as. and kind. a. ie. and a. of. later. a. iru. no. obvious. allusion. Vladimir/Estragon appear. who. gom'n. of Vladimir. pair. (Ponkoisu-guruma the. expands. In. obscure.. tori. an. no. between. (Akai. Gentlemen. to. hitori. io. in. Bird. hats,. B. described. Man,. bowler. (ChiSa-na. of. control a. relationship. be. Red. Five. and. io. dark. will. Condemned. ugentlemenn. Five. judge from. Car. as. with. bound. a. (A. (Z8) (1962),. but,. Landscape. reminiscent. extent,. interdependent. Elephant. brief. of basic. complexity･ Woman. a. and. important. nature. and. some. play;. imitation. an. sad sacks. relationship. it is unnecessarily. as. work. Betsuyaku. shabby. B. destructive. rather In. shinshi) crew. major. make. ,. A,. play. and. are. the. enslavement. to. symbi-. same. slavish. explore. functions,. intellectual. play's. fails only. the. play,. obvious. a. represent. hapless. tenuous. and. of the. Still, they. to. overt. of. Lucky. not. between. relation. symbiotic. for Betsuyaku's. and. do. employed. relationships. of. play. Guard. equal. the. published. Pozzo. characters. are. in. models. in all of his plays･. and. generally. adds. Beckettian. the complex. and. In A. House. late 1970s,. a. Such. unequal. Lucky.. and. a. subsumed. Godot's. and. of characters. Estragon;. and. the. Lucky,. doubles. no. gonin. pair. is. signi丘cant. pozzo. theater. very. of theater,. its static nature. conception. they appear. as. such. second. f27kei) (1967), to. do. oldest. Mr.. and. Estragon. section,. Hardy,6). di丘cult;. and. dramaturgy. that. allusion. Betsuyaku's. to. part,. nor. borrowing. (1961) A. and. Clov. and. Betsuyaku's. onna). genres. Estragon,. and. reexamined. be three main. to. Estr喝On,. and. of Pozzo. that. new. of Endgame.. relationships,. of Vladimir as. and. movement,. and. Vladimir. of Betsuyaku's. human. and. Betsuyaku's. seem. Godot's. and, Hamm. element. seem. upon. There. twosomes:. on. expres-. circumstances. the nostalgic. Vladimir. Laurel. of plot. examined it. between. pair. of cinema's. makes. evident.. otic. that. llC uU〉. approachable.. Beckett's .ften. been. of. assemblage. interplay. symbiotic. situation-waiting-is. Godot's. it bad. the. u上′ヽノ▲▲. determines. that in. 11n′ヽn. ▲▲▲▲t･'u)L'. art.5). reminiscent. that. Llti･▲⊥▲し▲▲uヽノuL}. "structure. theater. the. of. くI. that. aware. ;TYln<lI.十. +y.,1m,)n｣ハ.1⊂.. n. ▲▲au. myth. encased. part. l､ハ,1. ..A,,〈〈1^｣. became. 59. Playwright. 1CYCCL▲Cu. realism's. we. mechanical. to. racteristics, me. time,. the down-at-the-heel. have. cs. With. same. of. importance. ⊥1^_,.ん〈_ 〈-⊥: ulCaL･⊂;⊥ a1▲し1. Were. that bad. rendering. of. We. the. of realism. the. ▲Lー⊥ uldL. ___⊥1__｣ IIleLllUu. ⊥rllS. lt.. Contemporary. Minoru,. no. of. Endgame. of Hamm. and. Clov. in in. A. (1979).. shinshi). possibilities. in. again. A. the. Place.

(8) Robert. 60. Its. and. Memories. yukaba. (Basho. Wounded castors,. with. two. the. pairs.. pushed. such a. reveals. said. tering. seems. 2.. Ionesco. Japanese. production. 1956.. too. much. as. be. composes. language. take. Rhinoceros. other. too-that. similar. ban･. their between. exchanges. as. a. repeating. in. be. two. dialogue. much. same. the. The. complexity. of the. by. writer. is. himself. as. a. fight. to. between. who. so. Godot. Theater. Atelier's. Arakawa. Tetsuo. being. plays lonesco. mentions. by. in且uenced. easily. like Ka壬ka. mtlCh. this. Betsuyaku's. against. consciously. too. or. displays. plays. too. like. much. he read. (whom. that. many. LOh,. when scene. a. as. a. brings. on. 1;. alternated. a. Wl-WOMAN. conversations. details. of the an. provide. chara-. example. of. is spotted.. Ionesco's. be played. fast, each. [character]. very. !"8) Betsuyaku. even. Rebellion. line said. each. at. 1). playwrights:. the first rhinoceros must. but. for. techniques. both. of the. lonesco's.. of. 2) multiple. turn;. of Rhinoceros. rhinoceros. of The. scenes. in. that. three. by. shared. recon丘rmations. minutes. fashion. same. are. least. at. play,. characters. opening. to. similarities. Ionesco. identi丘ed. of this. whole. lines being. (with Ml-MAN. directed. 1960,. directed. translated. Literary. the. habitually. dialogue,. (1971), Betsuyaku conversation,. had. Betsllyaku. 3) protracted. succession. fifth of the six. hanran). by. he. Literary. the. Shin'ya. invest唱ation.. by. advanced. reality.. swift. French;. the. October. representative. can. 'The. are:. in. And6. 1960.. resemblances. has. first of these, rapid-fire. directions. 24,. by. performed. The. lonesco,. simultaneously;. cters'objective. pattern. of. of. his plays.7). dialogue. condllCted. in. of Betsuyaku's. rapid一丘re dialogue. the. like. or. was. followed. was. characterizes he. May. from. Shinkichi.. styles that. composing. no. itself than. for Godot on. Rhinoceros. warrant. and. Tbe. Waiting. Godoi. of. of lonesco. writing. of the. chair. ln8uences. Atorie). Kat6. by. in且uence,. student). the. his. bantering. mindless. dialogue. the. of Betsuyaku's,. said. debating. of his translation. of Ionesco's. those. Beckett,. To. The. wheelchair. in. Hamm. (Shogo no densetsu) (1973), of Noon language What is and that of Beckett.. be. mind. of. premiere. translated. other. in. a. (Umi. Legend. can. Possible. (Bungakuza. The. production. an. one. of. premiere. historic. as. Betsuyaku's. Other. and. Atelier. and. The. 1 is in. Endgame's. Clov･. prominent. soldiers. that. Theater. and. after. more. characters. by. Soldier. Corpse. consciousnesses.. The. in. looked. and. like. much. between. of Beckett's more. push,. even. Water-bloated. and. latter, Wounded. the. in. two. the. resemblance. often. distinct. about. veterans,. wounded as. In. 2 must. Soldier. (1977). omoide). kabane) (1978).. mL'zu]cu. which. to. Rol王. greater. ler唱tb.. the. Willy-Nillies. of. five. married. total. of. between 1,. has. 丘ve male. etc.). In. couples times. and is. as. often the. female follows:. latter bal∫. (Soyosoyo-A:Oku all engage. who but. composed. with. fllrtber. the. characters. Wl,. in. Ml,. The M2,.

(9) Betsuyaku. W3,. w2, by. M3,. W5,. M5,. W5,. W5,. the Ml,. a. chorus,. Playwright. Contemporary. Wl,. is. pattem. whole. litany-like. the. as. M5;. Wl,. as. such. humorous. a. create. W4,. patterns. other. M4,. M4,. Minoru,. M2,. W2,. dialogue. then. the. repeated. W2,. M2,. continues. to. counterpoint. 61. M3,. W3,. rhythm. dialogue. the. of. M4,W4, that. Variations. many. using. followed. and W3,. already. established. Z Am family. Alice. (Ai. is relaxing. in. their. At. neighbors.. 190. than. more. with. lines grow frenzy. lines. /Mother. black. by. humor,. one. in. the. the. but. many. as. this. deliver their. and. hands. one. The. is. character is. scene. a. emotional. For. the. most. Father/Daughter. or. or. continning. completing. comic. example. all. of Betsuyaku's. in. theater. of. the. of. respective. an. reach. and. of. middle-class. Their. mouths.. powerful. bits. ingenious. their. lines.. Father/Mother/Daughter. a. of. scene. unusual. acceleration. they. their. and. security. of their troubled. in. con丘dence but steady. until,丘nally,. their. end,. most. their. gradual. tasks. either. another･ of. a. accelerates. of both. towards. begun. their. pace. delivered. are. by. enjoy. calmly,. that. unfolds,. expressed. control. sequence;. sentences. the. they. over. darning. is. the. assess. happy. a. which. Mother. models,. co皿placently. their tasks. perform. as. lose. they. the. part,. they. shorter. as. is. making. They. advantages. perform. eroded. which. the. of dialogue. units. is being. security. speed. first they. is. Father. in. interlude. an. contains. cranes･. paper. lives, noting. comfortable. (1970). home:. its cozy. is folding. Daughter. socks,. Arisu). amu. of. plays. To. than. more. of. mediately. act. of this technique, human. 丘rst of the. pairs. on. drawn. The. third. Betsuyaku Man's. reached. area. death. the. create. again. of her. cat. while. of. Noon. characters. they. involvement. that. is. In. the. stage. a. have end. the. other. chamakes. but. atmosphere. inhabited. by. two. The. dialogues. revelatory. experience. language. of. characters, two. the. scene. and丘nal. il-. to. communication.. of. third. all the. of. sometimes. separate. maintain proves. the. Betsuyakn. di缶culty. the. and. Legend. di鮎rent. and. im･. example,. characters near. lively. a. the. and. rhinoceroses.9) to. together;. of. is perhaps to. whether the. succession,. for. time;. same. sighted. rapid. egocentris皿,. The. been. the. instances. several. brie且y. before. for the. three. conclusion.. inability art,. an. the. survive. who. two. stage. into. merely. in. by. scene. appear. being. not. scenes. at. at. length. concerning. isolation,. three. second. !"'■ln. laments debate. a. has. I contains. Act. conducted. rhinoceros. rhinoceros. conduct. lustrate. has. a. Housewife. the. as. use. great. the丘rst. fast-paced. the. being. conversation. `"Ob,. racters. the. one. after. repeated. of Rhinoceros,. again. speak. be. similarity of the. most. of the. certain. of. a. the. interest,. involving. or. compulsion. otherwise. to. rea氏rm. lonesco as. content. of his reality. nature. literary,. theatrical, extreme. between. In even. is. a. modern the. basic art. that. and. much theme. as. of. form･. of much. this uncertainty. actuality,. the. simple.

(10) 62. Robert. details,. one's. of. laborious. discussion is. this. course,. scenes. such. environment. a. of what. incredible. reach. Rhinoceros,. in Act. early. JEAN. Awake. I'm. or. plays. of. Beckett's. in. would. have. both. Ionesco. and. To. return. novels).. following. is the. That's. been. lengthy,. to. "obvious";. of. Beckett. (and. lonesco's. to. debate:. awake.. it's the. thing.. same. there. is. the. point.. you. just said being. not. But. BERENGER:. wide. asleep,. But. BERENGER:. JEAN:. lengths. I there. But. BERENGER:. JEAN:. of the. leads. uncertainty. day-dreaming.. You're. :. literature. earlier. feature. common. Such. experience.. and in. Rol一. diHerence.. some. awake. being. and. the. were. asleep. same. tbing‥. You. JEAN:. didn't. dreaming. and. You're. tbe. zoo. this. has. I only. human. To. whether. is. to. leads. precisely they. as. often. certain. is perhaps. are. demonstrative. "you're to. any. dialogue. tions. sort. and. the. is thus. things. is also. beard. plays. that. course,. resemble. the. above. that. regularity. parody). example, (that), which canbe. Betsuyaku. is. to. unable the. creates. wbicb. are. lan･. playwrights. speaker. and. results.. Betsuyaku's. Japanese. ``chigaima5u". there. typically. happy. `àre". the. over. have. For. and. ambiguous, verb. of. that. exploits. repeatedly,. cnntemporary. all. pronoun. the. And,. of. the. and. characters'inability. that seldom. such. vitb. his. themselves. relationships. of this di凪culty. Betsuyaku. them.. dramas'':. is that. scenes. such. phenomena. actual. also ironclad. the. with. cause. root. explain. explain. imitate. verb. rendered. etc.) out.. to. even. clari丘cations;. wrong,". Betsuyaku's. or. into. employed. the easiest. noun. them. distinctive. most. and. to. assumption. in. the. rhinoceros. rhinoceros;. truth. between. gap. great. the. Asiatic. of the. that. "relationship. drawn. are. words the. uses. almost. from. escaped. wbetber. an. pursuit. and. represent. his. or. underlying. imperfect,. to. try. (and coincidentally. The. rhinoceros. over. African. derail any. the. habitually for. the. say. debates. an. The. highly. develop. to. plays. this end. guage. you. when. was. to. of language,. employ. communicate too. it. ability. people. once. awake. dream.. a. subsequent. reasoning.. this in皿any to. the. of his "logical". unreliability. words. dreaming. perhaps.10). Logician's. communication. is the. dreaming. are. horns,. two. is the. precision. is. Life. said:. there. vein. or. relevant. between. ‥.. same. one. dream.. certainly. BERENGER: In. difference. no. asleep. I do. BERENGER:. JEAN:. Tbere's. understand.. recall from. necessity. (`ìt'sdifferent,". again. as. the. quotation. characters. protracted. numerous. from. 8ubstituted. Rhinoceros.. memory.. for. "that's. correc-. not. doggedly discussions More. it," try in. than.

(11) Betsuyaku. any. Japanese. other. In且uences. theaters. Sartre tion. B. Brecht,. and. Woman. a. and. following the. the. saw. month. Jt-Iralaunched. University. the. creation. of the. production. Fernando. duced. Arrabal. quite. to. las and. baby. the baby. men. more,. The. Car. hakaba,. in. Cemetery literally the. title of Betsuyaku's. the. Betsuyaku. Both. Fando. play. of the. analysis. Junked. other. four. The. second. May. 1965,. Car. of. Kara. Fando. of. which. intro･. "the. umbrelin as. Japan. was,. of Arrabal. spate. those. was. PonLwisu-guruma also. work. seem. July. whereas cars.. of Close. 1968.ll). fruitful. a. of. 丘rst volume. the. in. part. junked. uses丘ve in. no. supplies. (1969), and. appeared. is. identi丘ed in. a. Lis. woman. Among. 1967.. title is. would. had. both. are. in. ushered. included. were. for is. Lis. 1963. and. production. in. with. March. who. characters. Arrabal. Betsuyaku. and. of the. Gekij6). Shin'ya. Gentlemen. Five. works,. one. the. with. Lis. six. and. Cemetery. the. independent. fondness. which. the. 1961;. 1963.. ``ponkoisu-guruma" and. A,. (J6ky6. July. Arrabal. Japanese. gentlemen,. of Arrabal. works. play's. Car. of Arrabal's. translations. and. cemetery;. The. and. in. Fando. Its. Betsuyaku's. Likewise,. Theater. Betsuyakn's. 1966,. fascina-. playwright/actor/director. in. in. special. a. troupe. Flies.. Situation. plays:. 1965.. employs丘ve. Lis. and. August. A. The. include. November. a. of And6 look The. four. 1965,. junked-car. the. Japanese. in. productions. as. direction. in. LIE. in. the. noted;. and. directed. audiences. umbrella.". of Fando. one. seven. plays,. the. with. bad. Stage. earlier.. of the. been. Japanese. years. been. three. and. that. days. early. have. to. Betsuyaku's. has. carriages. dramaturgy. new. those. Stage. Re5PectfTul Prostitute. three. of. carriage". ``tbe three once. many. Free. induential. Lis, under. Godot. Free. generation,. introdllCed. and. for. similar. The. was. of Fando. Waiting. of. but. Tadasbi. Sartre's. of Betsuyaku's. his exuberant. production. Suzuki. Waseda. of Sartre's. production. 1960s.. to. seems. the. important丘gures. the. during. There. above.. early. their. and. internalized. contemporaries. noted. for. university. most. a. in. Sartre. with. as. 63. Playwright. 1960.. circa. Betsuyaku's. on. Contemporary. 上ietsuyaku. playwrlght. Japanese. reached. Minoru,. comparative. study.. 3.. Betsuyaku's. By. Contemporaries. 1960s. the. the. gakuza),. the Actor's. achieved. a. and. a. variety. political troupes. ably, made,. degree. was,. rather. other Or. Stances. and at. fourth-wall. a. Theater. (HaiyGza),. of丘nancial. of. stability. organizations. hungry. for. continues. to. distance. from. variety,. troupes,. theatrical. major. by of. regular. relying. doses. often. of. of. on. which. stage･ acts. with. ties. either The the Their. (Mingei),. with. labor. domain audience plays. are. had. unions to. sympathetic. intermissions;. (Bun-. Theater. Theater. their. "culture.". hall in. proscenium. three. People's. theatergoers. be, the large the. the. and. Literary. the. as. such. their. of the major sits. comfort･. of the welレ and,. usually,.

(12) Robert. 64. in. realism. Betsuyaku･s. In. make-up,. costume,. scenery,. by. view,. uart,n it was artistic genre: it had lost its relevance to an. establish audiences ing.. organic. The. young t.. res.urces. heaviest. In. the. theaters. such. audiences. Betsuyaku. that. and. resistance sit very are. feels. close. packed. in,. unlike. the. almost. relied pearance. truly. stand-up. lively and. bizarre;. The. expectations. usual longer. no. The agitprop. a. a. genteel,. 1960s. was. pieces,. new. a. It. of. J加6, Satob. Kara. dramatists,. with. a. Theater variety. performance found. the. familiar Situation. golden. at. age. Kara's. busiest. intersection. and. famous. trademark. tent. Theater. on. the. Sbimizu. (for. in. grounds. of. still frequently. uses. new. were. a. seeing. often. was. play. tent. With and. an. Kunio,. rock. musicals. and. the. such. blossoming. Shaji･ Theater,. was. from. a. 1964. (with. parks. or. The. 1967,. Shinjuku's. when. Hanazono. for performances.. in. seminal丘gure. The. theater･ on･. experimenting. Situation. a. street. Theater血ally. Kara丘rst Shrine, Although. permit. a. without. all-night performance),. Ginza･. August. theater,. theatrical丘gures,. Japaneseunderground. theaters,. in the. a. ,. little theaters･. crowded. creative. many. works. original. jazz nightspot. the. red. the. theater. new. theater,. Situation. of. (misemono). fashion. to. upon. creativlty,. and. Terayama. of the. Japanese. tbeater･. Tadasbi,. conventional. venues:. Shinjuku. a. its bone. founder. of. the ap･. marked. sideshow. the. drama,ねeet. notably. most. performed. of. perform),. the. 1960s. rambunctious. situation. now. Suzuki. it. undermined;. the. appearance. Makoto,. slightly older Kara (b. 1940),. the. to. the. saw. in. were. Movement. Theater. sense. the. of. exploration. participation. audience. joining absurdism. as. of great. period. plays. at. they. twentieth-century. created. evening. predictable. a. drawn. audiences. audiences. numerous,. when. entertainment<he. was. excitement. of theater. In. plays･. original. audience's. young. Little. the. music-were. highly. the. manner. neighbor's･13'. contemporary. Japanese. popular. The. of expression･. mode. Japanese. of popular. stage;. troupes,. theatrical. thoroughly. (manzai),. comedy. their. shops,. coffee. down. predominantly the. as. touching. original. native,. forms. Various. the. established upon. level. edify-. traditional. a. breaking. The. play･. same. laps, knees. larger,. a. the. in. role. somehow. parks,. 丑oor,. the. organized. on. pedestriantra氏c where lured in from the street･12). be. could on. seated. important. on. in. Tokyo,. of. of people. usually. toward. on. shoes. areas. to. their limited丘nancial. used. tents.pitched. rooms,. Shibuya. an. often. entirely. of. drama.. and. Movement. or. an. SOught. reliance. of them. as. designation･. Movement. forsaking. Little Theater. its role. lifeless. Theater. expected. number. plays. skepticism to. it. in. trapped. this dry,. was. and. are. by. society. because. greatest. in. Little. The. (basement. Shinjuku. and. times.. of the. theaters. the. the. with. become. Encased. theater･. play. a. artists. secure. in. rooftops) was. to. went. who. had. theater. not. connection. acting･. and. 1960s. the. Rolf. the. erected a. location. today. room.

(13) Contemporary. BetsuyaknMinoru,. 1. 1. nas. 1. Deem. and in as. r. T′. IOr. nara. maCLe. theater･. violating. Tokyo. "the. the. Kara!s. course,. the. in. by. simpler. of his native. between tent. red. new. created. cogent. and. Satoh. reorganizations Tent. 68/71. it has. and. been. bone. Shaji. 68/71).. headed. works. visual. images. that. call. Grotesque. but. dustrial strove. to. the. increase. the. spectator. of the. sea血er. and. shows. 〃popular. and. emotional. an. of. phenomenon. the. of. Kara's than. rather. expression,. capable. 丘gures. 1967. disbanded. and. engrossing. look. the. owe. many:. Both. colorful,. a. ta71ka. Terayama's. espoused. the. of the audience's emotional. of outside. intensity. the theater.. and. array. of often. films. plays. imprint. personal. end,. Fellini･ indeed. are. lanAntonin. of. Tera-. of theater.. rationalism. of. May. Terayama's. to. the. in. of Federico. existential this. Jikkenshitsu. his death. of theater. experience. To. of Terayama. after. interest. rejected. and. fortu･. Sajiki (Engeki. conception. idea. capi･. has,. that. Terayama's. poet. both. and. the. of their. Japanese. with the underdirector, cinema cult. soon. of. energy. associated. unusual. feel. much. upon. are. and. and but. tawdry also. Tenj6. 1970;. whose. career. has. as. theater. Laboratory. of. Satoh's. English,. playwright,. in丑uence. intensity same. detail. aS. Artaud. in. in. employed. critiques. Kara,. Black. the. as. directors,. and. He. 1966T. that, after several. was丘rst. 68/71's. in. produced. beknown. to. tent. Unlike. his orlglnS. spawned.. elicit the was. they. to. it. to. mind. greatest. capitalism. formance,. to. both. resemblances. yama's. staid. aggregation. playwrights. charismatic. an. present. but. reveals. likely the. in. rather. stock-in-trade･. play. came. black. politicized. Poet,. January. compelling,. fascinating,. the. the Theater in. 1970s,. actors,. most. 1960s･15). Terayama's. Artaud,. but. se,. and. the. emotive. bis五rst. The. considerable. of the. one. 1983･. which. the. saw. audiences･. in. Sajiki), founded. guage. to. And. Of. arrested)･. more. and. is Kara's. which. early. talented rendered. Tenj6. visually. unreserved. (literally. stagnation. its strip. of the in且uential. Tento. many. of the. 丘gure-Terayama. is possible.. and. documented. theater. spectator. (b. 1943). its young. to. (1935-1983),. ground. are. late 1960s. skills have. been. nately,. the. to. palatable. its artistic. offenses between. Sajiki. artists per. such. brawl. public. nine. district of Tokyo,. members. (Kokushoku. musical. talism. core. original in. a. of the entertainments. precedence. for. Of his sensibility.. structurlng. of the. one. from. ー_ー⊥. outrageous丘gures. notoriety. audiences. glVen. always. Playwrigbt/director is. 1960s. for theatricality,. regard. have. performances the. performer. _ー⊥___⊥______. Va凱eIILerLailllnellL. arrests. and. the. lie in his theater. ____JL. Sh屯ji's Tenj6 of. ambience. theaters''(taishu= gekzj∂)where oneness. ordinances. one. freeing. __I_. _. most. included. Terayama. also. Aざakusa. of the. one. 1960s. the. and. not. the. emulating. was. parks. was. does. played. respectability sides. career. Theater. slgni丘cance. role be. crucial. in. 65. T___. o工JapaIIS _. mainstream. he. 1960s. the. (Terayama. gallery"). upper. tne. municipal. Situation. of the. r. .1. tne. His. underground. members. in. industries,. publishing. .1. near. Playwright. as. the. Both. reality. theatrical. involvement Terayama. in-. the. and. per-. that sought.

(14) Robert. 66. to. destroy. from. the notion. that. is. what. `･real life" experiences. lowered;. be. house.. theatrical. Terayama in the. competitors. Terayama. the world,. Japan. in. tion; pecting. by. the. thirty-hour. any. in. them. the. (1975). helped. to. involvement. and. bath. willing around reputa-. an. unsus･. of part. as. the. of. example-often. spectacular. Terayama. make. and. routine. public a. colleagues. international. everyday. is. play･. soliciting their festivals theater. or. in. K6enji. a. theater. to. the. of. their. of. had. audience. con丘nes. considerable. a. upon. (Nokku). and. sensations. scandalous. the. participants. performance. and. street. of. frightening. of theater. Knock. theater. street. than. possibilities. perennial. encroachment bizarre. further. from. different. is qualitatively. stage. performer. freed. Sajiki earned. Teni6. and. citizens-the. created. As. be. to. and. shocking. between. went. of the. exploration. in performance･. participation. had. Sajiki. Tenj6. whether. of spectators,. barrier. The. the. on. experienced. performance. and. Rolf. ter･. ageless. enfant. overtly. literary. rible. sbimizu. Kunio. dramatists. those theater. an. linear. some. active. is and. enfolds. restrained. seeks. to. is. the. typically. areas. links. with is. the. produced. in. show. tbematic. of the. Sbimizu. aloof,. his. of. his. of. Too･. emotions･. nobler. towns. gro-. Shimizu. subconscious･. many. or. frivolous･. fond. is. intellectually. backwater. has. especially. intentionally. the. of. sources,. provide. Teraya甲a. While. Betsuyaku. in. to. and. autobiograpbical,. people. of. extravagant. murky forging. and. concerned. not. lives. inner. and. images,. poetic. politically. Although. is neither. convey. in. is. thoughtful. deep. the. others), intended. and. be. characteristically. literary. of. of. alternative. above,. others. plays. use. the. with. the. and. frequent. Kara. and. reach. crises. Satob. Byron. While. more. mental. Kara Sbimizu's. he皿akes. and. resonance･. shimizu. Betsuyaku,. most. involvement. through. respected丘gure･. Pushkin,. (Aragon,. imaginative. tesque. and. the. as. vie∇ed. prominence. like. and,. development,. of poetry. while. 1960s;. be. might. to. came. who. of the. remained. (b. 1936). to. plays. seek. native. Niigata. Prefecture. Shimizu丘rst for. his. in. 1965,. himself. entirely with. shimizu,. play,. And, written. as. one. he. was. for. to. the鮎mboyant, a. was. at. plays. that. while. welトknown from 1966. re鮎ct with. still. pure. his. on,. his scrutiny. of the. essentially. Han主. lamentations. in. innovative. of youth. screenplays. Susumu･. Devotlng. events. and for. and. from. bene丘ted Yukio･. Ninagawa. his. After. Cinema. productions. playwright of the. question. wrltlng. recognition. gained Waseda･. at. student. director. of much. the. a. in. director. a. had. althoughhe. involved. mostly. extent. center. are. 1960,. creative. great. the. 1958,. the. playwrighting. preoccupied. several. a$. notably. of this period. plays. early. 1960,. althoughto. welトmade. play. as. March. most. association. His. a. playwrighting. graduation until. had. the. The. his. low-key. tradition. the. of. theater. of. the. 1960s･. issues. of. the. times･. its passing,. Sbimizu. the passing. of the. has 1960s.

(15) Betsuyaku. Minoru,. Contemporary. Playwright. 67. ZeltgelSt･. 4.. Betsuyaku. The. term. 1). senses:. of the. Tsukiji. 1ectual-and,. kabuki. an. inadequate. theater an. has. or. of. in. the. Japanese drama). seems. position to. a. he. end. Literary. the. a. perhaps. and. of his. marriage. yaku's. plays. contiriued. in. 1970s. (e. g. Ota. the. with. Lumped. together. Underground. Theater. derground") that and. was. new. whether. period. tegration was. economic. of their. of the. version. of the. that. "looking. theater. back. pass占.. sought. general,. felt. wbicb. they. growth. and. increasing. phenomenon Movement. seemed. Movement". the these. playwright. realism. more. of. to. after as. iden･. also. Japanese. life,. human,. less during. Japan. The. consumption.. be tied. early. "un･. or. socialist. activism. collnterCulture. underwent as. or. theater. characterized. to. association. creating. regenerate. individual. the. directors. and. artists. of stlldent political of. phenomena. the Little Theater. to. development. those. worldwide. as. Movement. to. Japan,. in. that. that. To. such. anda--guraundo,. committed. In. accompanied. that. itself. on. troupes,. Theater. for. were. the. is. aestbetic･. Betsuyaku's. Little. the. as. current. or. revolution. socio-political on. dull and. above.. stances. Little Theater. such. then. mentioned. political. political. of rapid. decline. that. styles of life than. development. The. and. through. materialistic. Japanese. theater. social. with. from. general. in. turned. playwrights. despite. who. gendai. independent. independent. an. of. too. an. shingeki. on. abbreviation. of artists. bag. Tetsu), as. an. art. absence. has been, in that sense, shingeki the look and language of Bet8u･. in且uence. designations. angura,. pool. different. and. before. OCCupy. the. study. distinctive. as. ;. be. this. tO. of. the. may. of. with. with. Yamazaki. the former. senses;. general. a. associations. considerable. such. (often. Western-inspired. ti危ed. that. under. his. develop. Nevertheless,. decade. a. large. a. was. exert. Sh6go,. scorned. was. what. to. come. (described below). of convenience.. In. by. more. purposes. Beckett,. his relationship. own,. intel1. description. a. conversely,. has. to. upon. others. its. for the. COntinues. depended. in. thoughit,. Like. scene.. as. is compounded. shingeki. made. tradition. consciously. theater.. inappropriate. Betsuyaku. so. Betsuyakll. Theater. troupe. no. with. or. theater. happily. has. be. to. years. as. extent,. replace the best,. the. like rigid theatrical form its latter sense, it is clearly. In. problem. to. point. Tokyo. the. great. that. The. The. im-. two. another. happen.. totally. seems. Terayama.16). past丘fteen. on. it. become. least. at. continue. non-traditional. to. yet. to. purports. in. Western-inspired,. to. poised. this has. term. instances.. during. seemed. for or. (modern. some. that. all of modern. but. term,. appropriate. engeゑi. long. Kara. theater. it is used. as. Theater15)-unabashedly. 5himPa,. a. the. designate. to. shingeki. no-,. indicate. to. Little. 2). inasmuch. is problematic,. shingeki. portant. sense,. Shingekl'. and. the. of the rapid. the. 1960s.. disin-. Betsllyaku. 1970.. 1969.. and. He. concluded.

(16) 68. lost much. it had. that found for. of the. Betsuyaku. great. had. the. 1967･. of the. 1960s. the. it. it. period･,. December. Betsuyaku. 1968.. lively absurdist. Atelier. Bird,. Red. with. Bi71d. This. theatrical. the. Betsuyaku. 1967,. his. In. he. been. but. quiet. The in触ence. the. on. is. Betsuyaku. word. for. reason. His and. thoughhe. a. he. in 1968,. of. pace,. and. world. balance. Movement･ three. in. more. to. refers. creativity･〃20' as. has. 1970. be. which, In. pole･. deepening. him. make. would. recognition. also. Story,. and. in. Prize. Betsuyaku. the expansion. it. immediate;. and. telephone. the. one. of the the. of. most. 1970s･. brief王allow Movement places. his playwriting. to. that. 1966. Spy. produced,. began. Hideo,. of theatrical. famous. Landscape. Kishida. but. of what. methods. was. his. year. Theater. and. Little Theater in. staged. Girl;. Literary. was. triumph,. in. run. Match. the. of the. the. over. of which. who. playwright. a. plays. Betsuyaku･s. feels strongly. has. new. Tadashi. Little Theater. approach. three. impact. Suzuki. of. of Kanze. awarded. of the. third. a. direction;. the. Of Betsu･. masterpiece. the. at. direction. personal. of the. appearance. of the. playwrights. a. a. given. 1967,. to. posトshingeki. successes:. Girl's. was. drama. theatrical. mesmerizing. Match. no-･. only. plays. playwriting. the. the early. opening. of the is. artistic. July. under. new. one. plays,. the五rst. saw. important. plays.. two. his usual. resumed. not. Suzuki. 〃During. the direction. Shimpei's. Betsuyaku. when. new. with. wrote. noted,. of. baying no. wrote. =di丘e,ences. 1969. the. represented. despite. in. done. innovative. the. the. and. although. indispensable. an. contribution. 1962,. of. career,. for. terms. under. of. Fujiwara. world. force,. Girl. prematime. a. puzzling,. that. 1967. string. a. hoping. Betsuyaku's. who. 3,. Match. November. 1967,. establishment. Nevertheless,. in. now. rather activity･. significant. April. Little. September. cited. were. 1968･. January by. from. innovator. renegade Red and. in. done. period,. Little Theater. under. of. creative. most. date. Kangaroo,first. Atorie). (Bungakuza. its. date in the development. produced. gem. movement. is somewhat. the. The. again. and. of the. The. Waseda. the. cults. movement,けfeels. a以cardinal. 1966,. November. in. Tadashi. by. devoted. Shimizu･18). major. made. Betsuyaku's. staged. was. who. as. Indeed,. movement."19'. as. seen. a. "posトshingeki. movement･け. is. Elephant,. yaku,s. was. their. peak. which. scholar. Betsuyaku. was. post-Shingeki. emerging. he. troupes. of the. the. Satob. in 1968,. One. death. perhaps. hiatus. scene,. to. mid-1960s. was. various. love.17). to. the. the. as. having. of. come. Terayama,. a. fro皿1962. tendencies. the. Kara,. encountered. inasmuch. proclaimed. period. for. dominated. never. presence. to. 1969-1970. force,. had. they. have. to. Rolf. position. restrictive. theater. same. productivity. h.wever,. the. seems. for the. turely,. be. in. themselves more. of its artistic. Robert. that between. theater. period lie in. may. accompanying. his. conception. importance. great. is. and. a. should. theatricality. literary be and. the. on. one;. a. highly. orientation. upon. language･. structured. of. tbeater･. of. structure. his. structured. loss. of. his. is. the Al一. dramatic.

(17) Betsuyaku. be. insists. that. Satoh,. is. literary. desirable,. text. Shimizu. and. literature. raries. he. The. during. "his". Theater, With. acting. shift from. a. sense. Betsuyaku. stage. to. the of. importance. careers. Theater. the. production. dramatic"),. the. start. velopment,. even. Movement. be. 1970,. the. spirit. Am. Alice,. merely. matter. he. what. dimension.. In. feels is the This. can. be. best. venues,. `Òn. things. of. seemed. to. reach there. case. is. his description. 1970. slipping. its. of his. degree. great. consciously. feeli工唱S about. out. of the. all. accommodation a. ef-. shingeki. arms. and. I. and. other. the. Betsuyaku. tradition,. shingeki. into. year,. caught. towards. move. an. next. Arisu). began. willy-milly, course,. his. de-. Theater. which. no. Betsuyaku. as. of. The. one. hi8. Little. two. kuni. (and. him,. throwing. from. Pas･. for. the. no. Betsuyaku's. extent.. Betsuyaku's. seen. from. including. shingeki. the. bin. (Fushigi. although,. of. Dramatic. necessary. produced,. works. events. run,. inaugurating.. of these. eventually. others.. plays. some. establishment,. than. sooner. to. of. contemporaries. rebellious. for. a. basically. 丘rst Little. literally. in. role. Wonderland. Both. milieu. it distanced. new. in. long. the. important. an. of great. play. The. meguite,. a. Signi丘cantly,. the. On. in. language. of the. Girl-a. many. its intense. expression,. Suzuki-And. and. plays.. troupe. in. was, run,. such. above.. theatrical. old-line. for the. Suzuki. times-Alice. at. Betsuyaku. era. into. launched. Match. Little. the Little. of Betsuyaku's. Little Theater.. of the. actors. break Ta,dashi. with. the metapbysicality. the first of Suzuki's Gekiie7u'naru mono-o. of Betsuyaku's. performed. not. both. short. played. Little Theater. of the. some. the. described. from. was. as. tumultuous. and. of theatrical. nature. of Betsuyaku's. new. if, in. of the. forts) were. a. with. all four. saw. body,. of the. of. break. bad. the. direction. Betsuyakn's. were. Theater. was. of. of. Little. the and. the. was. 1969. of. Betsuyaku's. was. 1968. (Suzuki's rendering. sions. to. physicality. its last performance in. 1969,. directed. of. contempo-. the loss of Suzuki. anything,. Suzuki. productions. word. exuberance. of Betsuyaku.. plays than. Ninagawa.'s. under. youthful. of view. of his. (1966-68) that Betsuyaku. methodology. the. quiet. years. in. a. of. more. meant,. departure. of. the. with. the three. ten. Betsuyaku's. explorations. of. During. (especially when. Kara,. the point. the dramaturgy. about. all capable. from. approached. assertions. were. years). of the. six. and. Little Theater. director.. theater. 69. that of his contemporaries. and. world,. with. Shimizu. associated. the Waseda. with as. Satoh. never. one. Playwright. Contemporary. his artistic. of Betsuyaku's. these. theatricality. a. truth. Kara,. aside,. was. Minoru,. of. his it,. with. respect. of. intellectual term. the. ･.. shingeki. I do who was. and. not. began. especially doing. depressing, frankly. that. disapprove. plays. in. the. old-fashioned, basic. feeling. of the 1960s,. somber. has. not. Our. term. was. We. generation,. anti-shingeki. were. changed.. The. very. negative. But. the. that. is. people. word. shingeki. toward. shingeki,. fact remains. that. our.

(18) Robert. 70. of 血ama. conception. theatrical. a. down. to. kabuki,. Nati｡nal. to. vil上 go be. to. attempt. "European,. ･à. be. for. has. as. who. actor. intellectual,. the. actor. has. increasingly. bearing";. his. shingeki,. is. Betsuyaku. certain in. as. such. the. Western-style he. which. thinks. tradition･22) between. has. for. either/or line of demarcation. in. did. it perhaps. that. blurred･. or. anti-. of his. others. many. become. apparently. (or. non-. and. shingeki. Likewise･. crossed･. Satoh-it. a. of. an. works･. stage. aspects. line. intentionally. &1m. on. when. shingeki the. in. his composure･. better. the. embodied. Betsuyaku's. performing. produces. Minoru. been. and. stage. Nakamura, be. Ninagawa,. the. be. longer. no. 1960s. the. and. 1970s.. early. of. Betsuyaku. Suzuki. Tadashi,. ⅠⅠⅠ. Interpreters. Betsuyaku,. directed. premieres. Smile. Faint had. als.. done Waseda. left the. suzuki,s. classical. acting. which,. cultural in. style with. welcome acting. of both. attempt continues. been. is. to. calculated. power. to丘11. Japan. primarily. a. be. of. no. conspicuous a. weakness. the. and His to. acting. in. the. yield and. a. the. troupe's. the. have. of. non-traditional. of. a. a. bigb. place. contemporary. Greek. a. classics-is. systematic. Japanese. from. training-a. actor. Japanese. of. actor. and. elements. bin. for. the. (Suzuki. ･. centralfigure･. secured. uniquely. The. and,. Betsuyaku. of direction. system. lack. After. 1960･). areas. worthy. (1966) ;. in. syntheses. West. (1961) ;. bis7w-)(1967). nO. Waseda became. Suzuki. Woman. a. and Girl. haka5e. welトknown. gap'for in. Match. innovative. and. establishment･. short, the. Suzuki. 1968,. Waseda. the. first production･. A･ B. works:. Little. at. e#orts. talent, dedication･. traditions. Japanese. system. in. have. achievements. early. founded. Seki its. was. (Makushimirian. student. Little Theater. Suzuki･s. training･. in the. Betsuyaku's. Ono. actor. Girl. Match. (1966); The. Maximillian. Dr.. of. Little. (Mom). Gate. ;. late. the. and. of Betsuyaku's. most. of. (1962). Elephant. The. in 1966･,. Little Theater. to. in. future. in the. generation-Shimizu,. the. to. e鮎ct. Betsuyaku. constituting. (New. limitations,. its. have. to. attempt. tradition. veteran. for Betsuyaku. shingeki. post-). feel. intellectual･,. preserved. Thus. a. specialized. certain. represents. clothes must. decade. by. the. abandons. of shingeki･. (b. 1908),. the past. impressed. best. the. N.buo. during. when. intellectual. of theater. shinkokugeki. and. does. of. Theater. forms. traditional. 【ofdrama]),. the. while. it. Tsukiji. of the. from. product. Little. structured.21). Betsuyakufinds Nakamura. ruin. the. is the. structured,. days. School. (New. I feel that. and. it di#er8. Where. shimPa. Theater).. tbeater. from. stretches. That'8. present.. no-,. intellectual. something. that. system. the. as. such. as. Rol王. drama･. approach But. the.

(19) Contemporary. BetsuyaknMinoru,. .,r;仲nf.q..mlli'_q ヽ′▲. r▲▲ヽ′ー. ､ノ､ ` ､● -. 1970s. and. by. ten. The. a. a. play. Betsuyaku's. to. proach. possibilities in. situations. tions. in. hiko-se77). sueki. than. society. Murai. as. the. Snail play. act. and. Man. and. 1,. drama. absurdist. for. jikata Yoshi decade a. of work. and and. playwright, Tbere. been. are. for. written. (1977). ;. Corpse You. often. House, with. (Ushiro. a. the. ap-. semantic. handling. their. himself. of. clearly. Tree,. sh6men. a. is. is. produc-. an. (Machi. io. accomplished. Adamov,. lonesco,. Marl. and in. grounded. Japanese. realism･. politics. and. with. the. for. which. for. in. has. masterful. in. Woman. 1959,. after. Theater. 1,. her. a. which. she. and. Kusunoki,. in both. shingeki. one-. staglng. always. with. in. force. written. credentials. acting. studied. drivlng. the. Betsuyaku. Murai's. year.. Together. forms. she. dialogues. own. Toshifumi. Dirigible. Betsuyaku.. of. is. each. he. method. wife,. National. troupe. by. Sueki. absurdist･. She. her. Atmosphere no. the. of Betsuyaku. Paris;. Murai. shingeki Hi-. pioneer. spent. She. of Czechoslovakia.. a. nearly. is also. works･ of Betsuyaku's. interpreters. the theatrical. A. Kai), 1978･. directs. other. to. are. contemporary. Betsuyaku's. actor. at. in. of. until his death. years. average. Theater. make. Cわ′ and. of. works. an. or. since. study. many. fiZkei) (1976); behind. ten. greatest. interpreter. impressive.. are. number. critic. no. veteran. the. directorial. twoICharacter. different. a. a. creative. year. of Betsuyaku's. lighting. as. Y凸ko,. every. nearly. works. mid-1960s. His. (Katatsumuri. Society. Betsuyaku's. rendered. playwright. Kusunoki. actress. having. a. spoke.. the premiere. the. more. is. Shimako. talented. being. others･. lyrical. a. of. handled. spent. Betsuyaku. regards. has. French,. among. character. to. Theater. an. Literary. attention. eHective. Betsuyaku's. written. was. 1967. misunderstood.. the丘rst Sueki. the. Duras,. guerite. precisely. Sueki. 1970.. from. translator. a. was. has. and. the. Literary. the. at. great. 1970s. the. directed. distinctive. paid. more. interpreters. director,. A. which. writ-. Hisashi,. through. Fujiwara. Betsuyaku. Particularly. important. Shimako.. of any. one. evolved,. in. Sbimpei. monogatari). Atelier.. the. and. plays. Inoue. JQr6,. bands. other. when. his language･. be. more. other. Murai. and. the. which the. understood, Two. in. 1974,. of Tokyo.. section. works. inherent. in. Kara. Fujiwara. (Siiji-dekakareta. for Fujiwara. year. director. renewed. in Numbers. in. been. 1960s. challenging. the. Betsuyakn.. and. have. with. Shinanomachi. the. Makoto. Minoru. many. Shaji,. Terayama. Satoh. was. the. without. in. drama. Japanese. of. contem-. of. lI-ーー-ーーーーーー. tbe且owering. K6b6,. begun. ---. O-y■ ーT'. inconceivable. Kunio,. lli.q viT･t一lal abandonment. gT･P.;)f.:. ' -I--. For. of Betsuyakn. Written in. -- ●●. Abe. as. of Kangaroo. Story. Atelier. Y--V. been. association. production. of. have. Shimizu. plays. 1980s.. ■. figures. K6dai,. The. ､一'. dramatists.. wo111d. such. Oka.be. A. ､∼〉●. Japanese. porary. l1月穴11Pim. f"1.i,)vpmpnf. ､′. 71. Playwright. Circle Son. (En). (Ikken. (Fun'iki. no. da-re) (1983). ;. :. no aru. The. Several. works･. Fractured ie,. iPPon shitai) Tadpole. plays. Landscape no. (Kowareta. ki, hitori. (1980) Zs. the. ;. have. no. musuko). Guess. Who's. Child. of. the.

(20) 72. Robert. Frog. (Otamajakushi-wa. talented. stage. Nakaya. Noboru,. hashi. kaeru. in. actors. Noboru,. the. exploit. Circle. (1985). Nobuo,. Japan-Nakamura. Mitani. Masaya. ko). no. Rol一. whose. Kishida. performances humor. considerable. some. possesses. Ky6ko,. Fumino. absurd. more. Tomoko,. the direction. under. Betsuyaku's. of. the. of. of Taka･. comedies. of. manners.. IV.. Three. Plays:. Brief. Tbe. plays to be illustrate Betsuyaku's history. of the. for the. light. 1.. theater sheds into. Cherry. in. Elephant. It. l. in. been. hana. artistic. excellence. Elephant's discussed:. philosophical. (Ki-ni Japanese. it is. The. stance.. historical. a. also. signi丘cant Match. during. (1980), Betsuyaku. saku). in. Little. experience. t｡. and. importance. the play Girl. Showa. the. the. on. comments. society.. the to. wanted. me. feel. that my way,. fact that. I hated. exasperation. I. either.. am. years,. like that. write. the. style, and. Elephant.. twenty. those. of. not. l wrote. that. ago,. aware. l could. that. recover. that. years. painfully. tbougbt. althoughin. longer. twenty. already. makes. only. And,. has. of Japan's. view. Bloom. 1962,. now. witb. thematic. their. concerns.. Betsuyaku's. his. for. chosen. (1962). was. agaln. been. 1960s. of the on. of contemporary. values. have. major. insight. In. era･. disctlSSed. it. provides. Comments. to. simply. At. not. I. left. am. one. Elephant,. of. with. how. it. read. time me.. exasperated. think. struck. and. anymore.. l could. even. To. time. much. I. no. has. passed. My丘rst one. a. makes. honestly,. revelation only. as. of myself drama. grasp. a. and. in. inner. in at. and. of. but. his. work. a. terms. Woman,. of. deception,. without. awareness. to. frank. B. It is the. appropriate･. an. is A,. work. in. l. Elephant. have. further. and. I merely. structure･. is. revealed. Probably. random･. in. that. sense. being,. which. playwright,. the. perhaps. because. being. l still lacked. the. point. of view. I wanted,. what. work more. inner. my. lacked. said. afirst. the way. l wanted. I. havegiven. while it is. it is. also. becomes･. a. lot. the. undoubtedly. true. that. Sometimes. the. Of. itself will be lost. I feel as thoughit. has. us. as. of. knows. one ensnares. 'a. we. to. device. continuous. for. drama,. innocence are. di丘culty. the. of. our. if. course,. been. late,. ingenuous. most. more. drama. fools･. exposes. thought,. of. too. rea応rming the. like. a. less. of. drama. man. that. For, as. lngenuOuS. malevolent our. cautious,. repetition. of. very. for. trap,. man, One. and. humanity. me. since.

(21) Contemporary. BetsuyaknMinoru,. Playwright. 73. Elephant.. So. Betsuyaku. wrote. looking. 1981,. back. playwright. the. more. his. reflections. important as. that. affords. Elephant. treats. one. bakusha. a. Nurse.. the. and. play. is set. of Hiroshima,. rubble. are. cities-all. warfare.. modern experience,. front. great. of the the. preserved;. the. are. War. Japanese. ultimate broader. and. the. Betsuyaku. has. continued. than. more. Betsuyak11. to. seem. may. actually talk. an. in. entangled. 8,. that. namely, because. sympathy as. some. of February. Christ,. relative,. not. respect. for. of the. relativity. Midway. the. how. he. obvious. in. 1983,. Judas. "wisdom" of evil. throughAct. may. option. which. most. a. in. Japan; both. is. a. about. itself, the latter. variety. for. contexts. of. Of he. described. victim. of the. as,. he. thinks,. of Christian the task. was. Two. seem. interest. character. in. in. a. the. is. of. the. human. drama. does.. he said that. a. curious. Passion most. While. after but. what. the. person. Betstlyaku's. developing. for Christianity. of Elephant,. to. radio. Jesus. of deserving. Betsuyaku. entire'situation.. actlng. how. and. one. light. his view. Christianity. are,. plausible. this. than. rather. choices a. that. teaching, set. Circumstances. people's not. is the. is the. absolute. limited. dilemma.. the. tO. reactlng. people. see. emphasizes. in. treat. notion. Elephant.. since. to. tends He. them･. upon. years. ,twenty. to. assiduously. in. victimization. proble皿Of. cities.. The. shrines･. Elephant. victims.. destruction. is. one. war. Japanese. other. common. of. the. of bone. tbe丘ery. welトtended a. nature. of. Nagasaki. and. is. II. bombed. two. memories,. many. the. cloud,. sum. war. and. and. like. are. cities. their speci丘c experience phenomenon. Japanese. Tokyo. character,. of the. the. represent. hi･. principal. indiscriminate. and. Hiroshima. of. of World. victims. hibakusha. the. sense,. as. horrible. on. raids. also. the. two. mushroom. battle for Okinawa,. of the. both. in. citizens. scarred. encountered. bombings. atomic. and. to. but. important. another The. seem. often. bombing. memorials. Japanese. of the. devastation. conventional. memory. they. The. hibakusha.. the. of. freqllently. other. the. privation,. of the. Japan,. dwar丘ng. burned. images. overpowering. for. hospital. a. 1960s,. speci丘cally. Nagasaki). is. as. accept. Elephant. make. of the. bomb,. atomic. hibakuska,. are. not. of life.24). view. and. aware. a鼠rmation. need. they. drama. new. the. of. least. very. the. Hiroshima. at. bideotlSly. the. In. issue. emotional. in. launched. of Betsuyaku's. picture. Man,. the. at. simple One. potential･. more. of his medium,. is lost is the. of drama's. but. The. plays･23) knowledgeable. more. What. part. that. bombed". Patient. The. as. the play. the. and. in November. of Elephant. revivahun. of writing. becomes.. sees. clear. ("the people. characters,. The. only. artist. reservation,. as. a. of years. revelation. without. not. as. Bet8uyaku. that. program. twenty. on. himself. frank. di氏cult. of humanity. the. soberly. is of. the. for. regards. evil his. expressing an. of. awareness. Christ.25). signi丘cant. pair. of. men,.

(22) 74. Robert. two. the. interlude. no. with. they. play.. has. no. this. stomach. act. to. relativism. moral In. baven't in. verbatim in. peared The. the. November. protagopist. than. rather comic. this At. of Elephant. domed are. the. on. by. MAN. GOD. (in. a. I. even. thematic. No. all that. injustice and to. avoid. be. has. human in. leaves. earthy. latter. the 1. merely almost. repeated. (Byo-ki) which. apI. ,. of Elephani･. revival. In. pass･. its. 7u'bakusha and. His. own. hospital. last, alone. clinic.. at,. stopping. of. somber his. God!.... me,. aban･. dying. words. Tell. me. I. what. ‥.. and. listlessly. haven't. done. the. crosses. done. stage.. But. wrong.. anything. haven't. peevish). a. Elephant. be. Betsuyaku's. as. that. anything. to. gusto. bad. each. day. the. about truly. is. no. medical). God. (as or. ,26). in. a. simply. victimization the. of. has. done. of other. anything. is. individual of. atomic. life with. created. who. war),. of. issue one. the. protection;. of governments. no. guilty;. In. Elephant･. questions. speci丘c. it shows. its. powerless institu-. impersonal. individuals. ruthless. encounter.. Patient, only. broader. Betsuyaku's. innocence. victim,. misfortune. as. for. is signi丘cant,. little since. changed. about. seelnS. even. not. Sic7mess. and has. much. world. But. su#ering).. his bed. you. sound. relationships. (presumably. In Elephant, with. help. appearance,. perspective. to. seems. becoming. the. is. to. of the. remains. Please. True,. (especially, for Betsuyaku,. tions. and. 2,. mistake. the. than. anytbi工唱bad. between. parallel. philosophical. one. "bad". of the. character:. do. to. slallgbter. Passerby. above. happens. 1 breathes. Man. all that. voice):. of. .. fundamental. bomb.. is. unforeseen. (begins. this light, Elephant and. clinic. unexpected. subdued. Betsuyaku's. that. an. of latter. irrationality. Passerby. fateful. be. healing. to. act. the. example). Sickness. the. as. the. makes. for. place. mean. meaning. wbicb. wbicb dialogue. comedy. time. same. streetside. that. cot. deeper. absolute. down. This. black. of Sickness. close. totally. makes. either‥ The. the. I didn't. ‥.. then. Man. 1,. a. absurd. death. consummate. life,けto. my. either･乃. the. a. more. no. a. bad,. (virtually murmuring):. 1. GOD. by,. sidewalk. answered. did. is. in. about. Sickness,. of. walki喝On. way,. at. the. indiscriminate. of the. 1 strikes. of Betsuyakn's. 1981,. but. the. the. The. the. Passerby. anything. conclusion. a五gbt. become. anytbi喝bad. done. to. to. an. constitutes. subscribes.. before. done. into. men. play,. key. a. of winning.. has. Betsuyaku. which. never. pleads,郎Ⅰ've replies,以I. bomb. of the. rest. the absurdity. parallels. last exchange. their. 2. two. of these. provides. possibility. the atomic. the. perform. Passerby. any. nor. of victimization. (of which. war. to. 1 forces. for. to. relationship. proceed. Passerby. the. intrusion. The. the stage.. obvious. victimization. of. take. passersby,. Rolf. a. to to. victim. become, practice. of the in. turn,. walking,. Hiroshima a. victim an. its aftermath. blast, confronts of the. attempt. to. hospital. recover. He a. basic. dog酢dly human.

(23) Minoru,. Betsuyaku. as. activity, assert. for. bin. hibaku5ha,. manner. .f. control. lie and. christian. death.. death,. of. most. popular. (1966). woman. ter.. she. the. street. involves at. all of which. couple. lost their that. this. An. between. Andersen. a. suggestive. way. thoughts. are. What. than. of great. memory. a. time. to. Betsuyaku. years. in. matches. on. for. pas-. routine. days. time. same. The. accident･. a. daugh-. their. selling. the. with. stranger,. be. to. ago,M. impoverished. story a. and. of. tra私e. a. historical. Andersen. couple. is. Hans. the. own. skirt-lifting. twenty. the. audience. following. that. match. And. memory a. with. the. end. A. tale. postwar. the fairy tale constitutes the. past. linear. conventional. a. the. with. the. Betsuyaku. the. immediate. stark. connection. through. established link. Andersen. the. simstory' more. years. structurir唱device, present. in. a. Betsuyaku's. exposition･. more own. interest:. fairy. tales, is, in. Supposing that. of things. zone. fairy. linking. and. is. girls. the. renders. from. quotations. with. littlegirl's experiences･. the. Throughthe. stories.. of reading. simpli丘cation like. to. Girl. from. audience's. memories,. occasionally. dimension. l like about. throughmemory. the. free. now. Match. taken. claiming. humiliating. dark,. the. Little. the. evening. daughter. apprehensible.. freeing. of. means. its. of. childhood. uabout. as. also. of unreality more. approachable,. is. of. hospital. of the. Man. are. plot. middle-aged. one. a. intrudes. and. their. air. an. a. home. seven-year-old. mythic. ilarities between assumes. mechanism. member. The. throughjuxtaposing. painful. was. basic. is evocative. their. her. narratresS. a. the. hibakusha. 1945-47.. off-stage. tale, lending. a. as. do･. to. play. between. at. period. about. war,. the. is described. own. of that. corpse･. indication,. any. of performlng. seven,. age. is like. of Patient's. title and. achieves. in. He. bin,. relegated. shadows･. agent. an. effect,. The. encounter. them. sersby,. realizes. play･. appears. who. in. it. having. not. the prescribed. accepted. expected. is. productions. Betsuyaku. contemporary. who. is. be. as. has. that. to. (1966). tale, but. This. has. disposes. death,. silent life in the. a. is attempting. he. sense,. of. society. kills Patient･. exactly. Gt'yl. to. a. manner. a. becomes,. little later, routinely. number. experience.. Man. own. of. Man,. to. spontaneously. Andersen. his. victim,. threat. In. identity･. representatives. modern. Ll'ttlc Match. Betsuyaku's. Qf the. the. life and. for. If the. young. choosing. represents. a. The. 2.. his life by. a. he. wait. independent. ultimate. when. sta丘that,. his former. by. the. patient. a. over. control. decided. as. well. 75. Playwright. Contemporary. containing. At. have. you. tale with times. the. one. vertical. a. word, read. the can. axis. something. a. fairy. present. discern of the. that. can. tale before, day,. one. rather present. by. achieved. juxtaposing arrive. can. clearly day. be. and. at. something a. perpen･. a.

(24) 76. Robert. dicular that. of the memory. axis. terms. of the. day,. rather. seems. the. fairy. the. enrichment. In. the. deliverance･ relates, irony. before. her. closing,. lines of the. unrelated. to. of. Betsuyaku.. The. sidewalk hadanything loglCal the as. of. pity. of to. contribute fairy. the. tales. relationship. the. but. father,s. one. current. system･28'. The. the. Japan. System,. that. the. or. daily. of psycho･ have. who. it,. condones. fo,. of having. variety. the couple. or. The. issue. denials a. seem. couple. the. those. among. father. the. accompanies. for. door. the. words. seems. vehement. the. open. skirt-lifting. emperor. emperor. The. that. of. includes. same. and. the poor,. debasement. the. suggests. the. for. salvation. the. touch. a. Betsuyaku but. her. is, Andersen. adds. brother,. her. for. occasion. there. where. verbatim,. woman,. and. the. resolution･. almost. the. interpretations,. the. representing. in. seen. texture. rich. use. AlthoughAndersen. Christian. belplessness･. with. historical implicates. play. fear.. to. of. not. one's. do. it. present. be. can. temporal. becomes. heaven,. to. ascends. familiar. a. skirt-lifting. to. and. she. story. poverty･. display. I. the. explore. the. well. main,. So,. will, the vestiges. the. may. the. to. they. is also. in. present. axis･. you. that. marchen In. to. children,. cbild's deliverance. the Japanese. humiliation. of the drama･. absurd. if. so. there. simpli丘ed,. texture. nothing. his is. Andersen. tale. the. and. form. give. present,. little girl's destitution. death,. hunger,. no. cold,. the fairy. the. things. when. tale, the. Upon. no. read. that. think. drama. the. view. horizontal. a. I. so,. axes.27). vertical. Andersen. the. them. of the. having. to. to. of memory. along. forms. If. tale･. useful. axes. unfolds. that. spatial. rich. is. the memories. past. are. it. vertical. which. the. only. The. remember. the. of taking. Not. tale･. between. story. transposing. and. spatial. we. a. from. ligbt･. another. absnrd. fairy. the. read. space,. between. matter. sediment. of the past,. the. as. a. chie丑y. day･. an. relationship than. one. of when. constructing. when. Rolf. staged. can. be. the. Emperor. taken. himself. Betsuyakndevotes tine. of the. for. experience･. become shut. They. people. The. are. the. details. engaged. there. shows. truth their. 0f. in. eminently that. There. an. absence. about daily. biding. no. ritual. civilized beneath. the. in. the. activity･. mannered. a. of order, against. theritualistic. But. cbaos･. when. empty,. destructive;. of life in the. routine. of. is. on. It. in. from. the. that. seems丘tting the. street･. the. man. Outside,. street･. As. rou-. structure. manageable. cold,. trutb･. false family. the. sense. cosmos. the. tO. openlng. something. Betsuyaku's is. his. defense. a. become is. a. provide. weapon,. patterns. life in. real. exposed,. girl brings. a. in. attention. patterns. are. such. helpless.. the. out. routine. Ritual. couple･. exclusive,. his wife･. the. considerable. they. be y. ∩u. h. 川75 e Vノ. an. d. where. the. match fret over. the middle-aged appear couple Betsuyaku's exaggeration of their facade is a pool of twenty-year-old. opening,. But.