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(1)System. Evolution. and. Fulgorarid. Japanese. of. Gastropoda By. Tokio. Ⅰ. Introduction. ⅠⅠ. Acknowledgements. and. HistoryofStudies. ⅠⅠⅠ Generic. ⅠⅤ. 24. Taxonomy‥…‥‥‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥. Recent. ⅤⅠ. 23. ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥‥…. ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥….. Infrageneric. Ⅴ. SHIKAMA. 34. Species‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥..‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥. FossilSpecies ●. ●. ■. ●. ●. ●. ●. ▲. 83. ▲. ●. ■. J. I. I. .. .. .. .. -. ●. ●. ●. ●. ●. ●. ●. ●. ●. ■. ●. -. f. ＋. l. ＋. L. 4. .. .. I. .. .. .. .. -. -. .. .. .. .. I. .. .. .. -. its. and. LyrLa,. of. its. status. In spite fully. studied. was. A･. able YAMAMOTO. A･. SuzuMA. Kyoto･. Y･. Prof･. F･. Institute,. Prof･. University. N･. S･. KANNO. of. K･. IKEYA,. Prof･ of. ITO T･. YI. TI. Tokyo,. lnstitute. Educationl. .. -. I. -. .. I. .. .. Of. was. of the Assist･. Geology institute Prof･. .. .. .. -. I. .. .. .. .. -. A. ●. ■. ●. ▼. ●. I. 0. f. 4. ■. ●. -. 128. ＋. 4. territory. northern. Pacific,. the. Of. Japan. to. restricted. as. a. Cymbiola to. warm. volutids, and As less powerful. biplayers. Arctomelon. Northern. in. the. the. most. the. and powerful lt abruptly. same.. Tertiary. Japanese. gastropods.. it occupied In. one. Pleistocene. days. importance,. and few. a. from in. this. this. Hyogo'R･ in. Dr･. and K.. of. T･. work･. K･. CHINZEI Dr.. S.. Paleontology, Geology. T. He. etc･. the. and. Of the. Aichi,. Of. Tokyo,. KuRODA. in. could. following. of. StlUTO. in. in. Choshi,. Tokyo,. HATAI,. and. collected Especially he. KAWAMロRA. WATANABE. not. writer. s.,HAYASHI. Messls.. in. was. group. The. works. for. courtesy. Prof.. .. also. HASEGAWA. HANAI. .. Neogene. samples. HIRANO,. .. is. Fulgoraria. throughthe. Asist･. Of. this. except. recent. T･. specimens. the. .. in the. and. recent. fossil. Nagasaki,. Fukui,. University. MASUDA. Assit･. of. .. Fulgoraria. features. and. fine. IwASAKI･. TAKAI･. that. as. recent. in in. .. the. Cymbium･. the. among. interesting. obtain. .. reglOnS. throughout. systematically. of. to. fossil. many. K･. and. samples. same. its. of. .. volutids. among. ages,. and. positions. the. SubtropIC. but. geologlCal. .. it occupleS. replaces. days,. .. of. Volutomitra. Oligocene. was. stock. centralfigures. recent. In. important. the. many. of. late. ln. tO. Fulgoraria. group･. sprung. tropic. Teramachia,. territory. dominant. unique. Paci丘c,. the. the. reglOnS. are. PaciBc. the. become. temperature. there. in. .. Acknowledgements. and. and In. seas･. group;. Cymbium. and. Intro血ction. important. adjacent. dominant. .. . .. an. I. t I. Ⅰ･. 118. ● ●. ⅤⅠⅠⅠ Conclusion. is. 47. …‥‥…‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥…‥‥.. ⅤⅠⅠ Evolution. Fulgoraria. 29. Classi丘cation. study. gentlemen,･ the. GeologlCal. HAYASAKA T6hoku. and. Dr.. University,. Mineralogy,. GeologlCal. Tokyo. Institute,.

(2) T･. 24. Kyushu. University,. science. Museum,. shimane. Dr･. K.. Y.. KANIE, T.. help for this valuable helpful tbrougbout greatly and. National. the. of. Geology. Dr.. institute,. gentlemen. the. description. History. described 1817,. Voluta. C.F.. ScHUMACHER. recent. based or. by. upon. Japanese by. v. hamillei. H･. by by. v. hirasei. ardent. lconia so. it. that. is. the. of. works genus new. indurata. known. ambiguous. ruPestris, a. famous. collector, for. the. Miopleiona CoNRAI). from. species for the. of Y.. HIRASE･. by. H･. V･. based has. chaotic. by. L･ A･. the. CROSSE. 1907･. concinna･ American West the. formation. in 1878･. been. confusion. in. in the. Conchology,. H･. now. the. study. vol･. his. 4 in. 1882,. despite. its. Manual. of. which. befere a. proposed. the new. DALL. fossil of. few. procured. prevostiana,. CROSSE. a. Conchologia. Fulgoraria. W･H･. or. shell･. hitherto. and. V･. 1901) and. CuMING's. recent. In 1871,. concinna in 1844,. single. REEVE. some. Fulgoraria. SowERBY. palaeoconchologists illustrated in. Japanese. species. authors. Voluta. upon on. not. a. of. fossil. In. ed･. his. SowERBY,. smithL'G･B･ all based. were. GMELIN. 1923-5,. to. period･. Preuostiana. In. Oligocene. and. European. works. TRYON characters･ hamillei, concinna, megasPira the. ladies. J･F･ for. o･n. megasPira. causing. among. the. thirteenth. G･B･. redescribed in Manual. even. Of. these. this time. no. TRYON. species. representative. psephaea genus. G･W･. when. by. (-. 1912. thus. was. species. well. conchology,. Japan,. by. and. and. mysterious. were. in. This. 1849. 1900. 1791. this. SowERBY, megasPira Museum (Natural History). collectors. in. in in. To. independent. V･. these,. of Fulgoraria.. by. V･ V･. etc･. From. during. 1836,. 1869,. SowERBY. British. the. in. SowERBY. G.B. Of. specimens･ in stored. CROSSE. G.B.. genus. published. institute. the. OzAKI. Fulgoraria. localities･ and. in. BRODERIP. W.J. by. uniplicata. were. authors. new. sporadically. of undefined. specimens. described. by. described. K･. Naturae,. Systema. a. Valuable. Fusejima of Tokai Regional. Of. Mr･. to. back. ruPestris GMELIN).. (-. were. species. LINNE's. was. Studies. dates. Proposed. SctIUMACHER. chinensis. in. ruPestris. Lot. suggestions. tbanks･. cordial. Fulgoraria. of. University,. MATSUI. miss. KAMEI. and. Y･. glVen. the. Of. T･. UcHIDA,. University. and. Prof･. T･. YAMAGUCEI. kind. also. OKUTANI. University. his. expresses. K.. T･. was. He. GeologlCal. KAGAMI,. writer very Of Stan ford. writer S･ KosuGE. Assit･. National. II. The. Dr.. Kyoto. Yokobama. writer. Dr･. Tokyo,. Mineralogy,. Geological. HABE,. Museum･. of the. KuNIKATA,. KEEN The. Tokyo,. Laboratory,. and. M･. study･ T.. Museum,. Science. Research. Fisheries. the. from. help. gave. Dr･. study･. and. suggestion. KuRODA. H･. M･ the. Institute,. ITABASHI,. Y･. SATOYOSHI,. S･ YAMASHITA,. Dr.. IcHIKAWA.. City. students. Messrs.. Y.. CEINZEI,. Geological. Yokosuka. the. Of. National. the. Of. the. Of. the following. S. NAKANE,. M.. SHIBATA. collected by National University;. KIKUCEI,. Miss. and. T. I･ FuJIYAMA. NISIYAMA. S･. fossils. many studied Yokohama Institute,. T.. Dr･. Dr･. and. Prof.. and. also. s. SEKIGUCEI,. OzAKI. Tokyo,. University. SEIMA,. H･. SHI_KAMA. established Rostellaria species,. Astoria,. In. the. same. a.

(3) Syste皿and. DALIl. work Emplre. In 1908. IIIABE. and. illustrated. anewshell. (Thousand. Species In. nudum･ stris, F･. SI HIRASE,. ‥A and. their. F･. by. 1954･. new. on. a. the､. They. tiana,. also. which. 1963;. KOSHI･. S･ HAYASHI. but. the. type. with. (?)･. contained. coloured. mentiens･. dauiesi,. specimen a. hirasei,. 1954. and. a. new. illustrations and. preuostiana. of the. Shells. noguchii, the. the. KOSEI's. 1). (M.). Japanese. Japanese 1962. Japan. of. F･. hirasei. writer "Selected. shell-of. Rikuzen. vostiana. magma. and. conchologists. species. After. (II),1961. described Shells personal sent. has. F.. him. its type. his. the Formosan. that. of. new. elongata･ in Iuustrated. YI. locality. of. HIRASE ih. tO. Rikuzen... T.. time,. PrevoRsiiana･. the. shell. KuRODA. clear. and. West In. characteristics.. SHIKAMA. H.A.. of. F. (M.). clara, it became. rupestris. Colours. KuRODA,. rupestris, is hamillei. _(Musashia) ￣of. and 1954”. Japan,. Illustrations. many T･. genus. noguchii. rupesiris. this. by. new. species,-and. species. species. communication. a. HoRIIn 1960. speQies･. which. At. M.. and. cancellata,. new. prevos-. of. namev. "Coloured. distinguished. of the World. from-. F.. 9, pl. 6,. 2 corresponds shell of different. clara, Shells of. smithLl, F.. (s.s.) rupestris.. hamilleL'are. of. the. included. ”. Japanese. established. concinna,. a. the. and cancellata described kdneko. SHIKAMA. the. magma,. in. absence. cancellata,. preuostiana,. of. T.. a. the. under. and. of. for. pl. 5,fig.. undescribed. noguchii covering. Illustrations. ”Coloured. kaneko. shell. to. species. pew. 9 is. theirfig･. of. (Fulgoraria). Their丘g.. specimen.. KIRA,. belongs. they. edition. Saotomea. paperon. 5, p. 31-32,. is not but nowadays, preuostiana preuostiana kaneko is that cited by Y. I-IIRASE. T. HABE's. of. to. T.. a. species. new. paper. no:. but type. another. species. KIRA's. HIRASE,. by. this. type. any. Y･. a. Jap. Shells,. indicate. followed. described. Musashia smithi. (Ill･Cat.. mentioned. was. In. revised. its. of. and. (-uniplicata). genus. published. described. and. new. ruPe-. nowadays.. smithi. in spite. T･ ‖ABE. and. magma.1). by. a. of operculum,. review,. not. dauiesi. nomen. of. smithi (Sow.). in 1938 V. and. established. existence T･ K口RODA. illustrated･. shell. type･. did. they. Fulgoraria. to. of In the. genus.. also. Senshu”. (?) uniplicata in Japanese Islands. from. hamillei. magma. Fulgoraria. Guiuillea. included. Antarctic. an. HABE. preuostiana figures. HIRASE. (Psephaea). T･. general. two. 2), but. to. 1950. shbspecies. based Bg･. of the In. with. ･volutids a. Voluta. rupestris. that. emended. is. prevos-. "Kai was. illustrated. and Colours. in Natural his. noteworthy. In 1948. because. species･. Shells. B･ WATSON,. it was. in 1940･. delicata. was. proposed. mentiens. other. It. Guiuillea. FuLTON. (Psephaea). hirasei. Magazine,. in 1922. his. species. the. California.. and. HIRASE in. the. Y･ HIRASE,. of. Territories‥:. Adjacent. I･ TAKI･. F･. sp･,. son. Y.. HIRASE. but. 319,. from. megaspira preuostiana. to. FuLTON.. kaneko. 4,丘g.. of. name. referred. dauiesi F.. DALL. ConchologlCal. the. the. under. nowadays. to. no.. the. Illustrated. F･ sp･ is dauiesi･ genus. is. of. Shells),. of. in. shells. 124, 125,. aname. with. 1934. concinna, Handbook of. the. and. two. latter. the. 25. oregonensis Pliocene of Oregon. lower. or. former. the. rupeslris,･. KuRODA. in. pl･ 31,丘gs.. Gastropoda. Miopleiona. species,. of upper HIRASE illustrated. Y･. and. new. Fulgorarid. of Japanese. Miocene. 2r, p･ 216,. vol･. tiana. a. proposed. formation. Jap･,. Evolution. M.. and. (I), 1963” PILSBRY. HoRI-. included. refe1･red and. fIABE,s. the. P,e-.

(4) T.. 26. SHIKAMA. (Musashia) clara, F･ (s･s･)ruPF. (P.) concinna, F･ (P･?) elongata and F･ (M･?) estris, F. (PsePhaea) mentiens, F･ F･ (P･) figures (P･) magma, of F. (M.) hirasei, smithi, also monocoloured F･ (筆･､S･) hamillei, and F. (s.s.)kaneko dauiesi, F. (P.?) Prevostiana, cited and figures. coloured. types. three. of F.. fig. 9 of KuRODA hayashii for this. 6 miles WENZ's. W.. thirteen. preuostiana nized. (Miyata. been. also. The. Miura. its. Group).. fossils. From. stiana.. by. largely. the. chichibu,. of. Makubetsu. of. T6buchi,. Pliocene. Satsuka. Nisbiyama. bed. Nibonmatsu. for the. Pliocene F.. scribed sakamizu. is very. name. described. Tenno. sand. (PsePhaea) and. from. sp.. the. of. the. and. for. to a. scribed. F･. Ll). megas9ira,. new. the. Oligocene. from. species,. F. sikoensis. from. concinna,. daviesi,. cancellata,. clara,. mentiens,. noguchii,. ruI,estris and. V･. both. Groups. the. Pliocene. hamillei, smithi･. var･. megasPira. Mie and Kaisekizan, Miocene Fulgoraria･ MAKIYAMA. Oligocene. the. Wakita,. Asbiya-Kisbima. formation. In 1928. T.. from NAGAO. debed. Sakamizu. in Fukuoka. Fukuoka bed of Yamaga, F. (P.) sp. from the Yamaga Nishimatsuura-gun, bed Arita-mura, Kisbima of Kita6bo, Sasebo, Nagasaki bed of Kakinoura, from the Itanoura belonged. unknown. totomiensis Group.. Taka-. formation. the Japanese. Kakegawa. aff. megasPira Wakita bed of. (Sbizuoka the. Palaeogene an. Chichibu. Fulgoraria. Saga. 1935,. hirasei,. elongata,. the. Prefecture,. Prefecture;. Byoritsu. of. Prefecture,. Prefecture; from. In. of. Kaise@izan (Mie. and. the. beds. the Miocene. proposed. 6buchi,. important. in Japan. (Niigata Prefecture), from. prevo-. and. Kamiyasbiki. and. YoKOYAMA. from. (-Narita. Fulgorariq. from. Prefecture),. Hokkaido. In 1925. fossil. are. megaspira･. Group OTUKA. Prefecture). of Hanzogane. fossils. J. MAKIYAMA. In 1927. Taruki. Tokacbi,. Saghalien.. striata YoKOYAMA This prefecture.. bed. (Miyazaki. coal mine, South. they. of. Voluta. of. kamakurensis. megasPira; (Gunma. Naga-. Iijima ′and. Musashino. reported. species. fossil Fulgoraria. of. Kosbiba,. upper. to. regarded he recog-. fourteen. Fulgoraria･. name. he. that. notable. occurrence. the. his. but. recent. under. correspond YoKOYAMA. Voluta. be. Kanazawa,. from. Shimonida. Ichinokaya,. prefecture), the Prefecture), the bed (?) of nabe. the. to 1931,. of. name. recognized. of. known. bitberto. Thus. first. (sIS･), forms. Eocene. to. Saotomea･. of the. Group). largely. this time. of. i占voluthilithes(Pse-. Fulgoraria,1). It may. and. known. Fulgoraria. ip. co紀Cinna Cretaceous. Japanese. of. Nojima,. occurrence. mentioned. F･. reported a depth. from fos<∼sil,. as. 1964. WEAVER,. described. and. and. megasPira.. Kewaizaka, bed. (Musashia). OKUTANI. rupestris. upper. Fulgoraria. subgenera,. Kamimiyata,. numa. the. with. two subspecies In 1920 M. YoKOYAMA. from. on. subspecies. have. and. He. one. included. basted. C･S･. conspeci丘c. two. only. T･. known. (Arctomelon). distribution･. as. hitherto. 1962”. (s.s.)is. and. In 1964. shell of kaneko. Island.. in Fulgoraria. species. Japan. the. "Gastropoda,. cosmopolitan. Sea.. the. with. corresponds F･ Proposed. HABE. 1965,. OTUKA,. ; Voluthilithes. phaea). In. from. type. offHachijo. DALL. st.earnsii. HABE.. and. F･. kaneko. Their. species･. kamakurensis. (psephaea) 430m,. last. the. of. delicata,. (Saotomea). and. these. S･ NoM口RA. (-Miaoli) kaneko,. all debed. magma,.

(5) System. Ssuhu,. of. Hengcbun. PsePhaea gaya. coal. Fulgoraria. Shimane. Prefecture. in. described. were. F.. Japan. kamakurensis. (P.). formation. from. toge. Prefecture, in. bed. a. river. hyugaensis. SHUTO,. in. Miyazaki. After. the. in. 1935. from. gun,. MiyagiPrefecture,. N6ya. bed. by. the. Nagano. from F･. and. name. the. Horoshin. by. The. latter. from. 1954. the by. prefecture, Saitama and. Yatsuo,. bed. by. by. for. K.. with. tbos?. of. Ginzan,. shale. Yamagata. from. TsuDA,. Prefecture,. the. 1960 and. by. from K,. by. bed. of. the. the. of. TA匠EUCIil. and. the. former from. OMORI. and. Prefecture. K.. coal負eld; ZINBO,. 1937. WATANABE, Nagano. 6hashira,. Yatsuo. used. 1937. Minamisaku-gun,. bed. bed. Uryu-gun,. and. by. clay. The. Karatsu. NoMURA. TsucHI,. Prefecture. M.. Fukushima. Prefecture,. Akabira. R.. Hokkaido,. in. from. 1949. F. CHIBA,. bed. River,. Sbimoina-. authors. and. by. reported. by. fossils.. Prefecture,. Kishima. i,㌢euostiana. F.. Yonabaru. many. their. River,. Miocene. the. Sbizuoka the. UwADOKO. of the Uchiyama. 1958 K.. sandy. the. from. hand,. other. T6da-. from. F. hirasei. 1960. in Akita. bed. of Y. SASSA,. Kecbienji,. of. shown. N. ZINBO,. Group by. Hokkaido,. the. from. bed. S. KANNO,. Toyama. Tomikusa. the. coventionally. Hidachi. 1953. Uchiyama. Prefecture,. Motowakuya-mura, 1950. of. Yamagata. Sugota. Hokkaido,. from. name as. Mogamトgun,. from. Tachibetsu the along from 1938 Anden, Akita. correspond. Miocene. the. On. reported. the. YAMAZAKI,. from. from. 1962. palaeontologists by NoMURA and. TAKEDA,. (P.). forma-. the. apply. Hidaka,. F. S. MACNEIL,. striata. those. from. may. by. and. shell bed K･ HATAI,. 1950. T.. 1954. Ryukyu.. of. with. by. SuzuKI,. H.. the. F.. Takanabe SIIUTO,. to. (丘ve localities), F. Preuostiana. delicata. tuffbed. correspond. Hokkaido,. by. from. 1960. the. 1941. Mitsuishi-mura,. Prefecture,. from. 1936. Ushikubi-. Prefecture,. lower. Furukucbi-mura,. of. writer,. few. a. 1958. the. Saitama. method. reported. Atsuta一即P, of M6rai, Pliocene Kakegawa Group. the. megaspira. and. by. from. koyuensis. the. bed. may. Y.. present. (Saotomea) of. HATAI,. Poronai. Shimokita-gun,. Mie. and. 1949, Kana-. the. ARAKI,. miiensis Age-gun,. adopted. from. masudae. Chichibu,. Kawabaru. (P.) magma. River,. Prefecture. Shinzato. and. was. OTUKA,. HAYASAKA,. 1958. F. cancellata Prefecture.. and. bed. F.. of Futamata. T6betsu. 1955. and. by F. ruPestris Y. OTUKA, by HATAI, F. (P.)preuostiana. Prefecture,. the. F.. F. preuostiana. Furukuchi. the. Prefecture,. reported. River,. Fulgoraria. Koshiba,. of. 1953. bed. Fujina. fossil. Tanabe-macbi,. 1959. and. bed. KANNO,. described. Miocene of. Yuna-. of the. koshibensis. F.. Chikagawa,. Miyazaki. valid species following examples;. the. TAKEDA,. upper. of NoM口RA. work. antiquior. Akabira. the. to fossils. recent. guh,. from. bed. late. (Psephaea) Koshiba. described. K. HATAI. species. the. Misato-mura,. Prefecture. formation. Tsuma. by. 1962. F.. 27. KANEⅢARA. and. the. new. fujimotoi. the. cliffof. K.. Yunagaya. Hokkaido,. of. (PsePhaea). yanagidaniensis bed of Yanagidani,. Kaisekizan. the. bed. ARAKI,. F. hiraseL. tions. F.. then,. Central. Hamada. 1937,. from. from. (NeoPsePhaea). Ikushunbetsu,. of. Pliocene. the. Aomori. F.. HATAI. 1949,. Gastropoda. 1939, S. N()MURA. follows;. as. In. the叫iocene In. Since. OTUKA,. Prefecture,. gawa. from. coal丘eld. NoMURA and. sinzL'ensis. Fujina,. of. Formosa.. (-K6sbun),. Jyoban. Fulgorarid. Japanese. of. KANEHARA. tokuTLagai mine,. Evolution. and. Chichibu,. Group. of Tsuzara. M.. SANBONSUGI,.

(6) 28. T.. from. 1963. Biu. the. River,. Urakawa,. amples. of. raphic. Names. (local facies. bed Hidaka,. listihg. mere. Hokkaido. by. of them. although. bed. sandstone. Prefecture), Tenpizan zone Prefecture), Kamakura. zone. zawa. Miura. of. Group. fectnre), Yamanoucbi City,. Gifu. nami Ogasa-gun,. Group. Hizikata. bed. of. bed. bed. bed. Sakakibara,. City,. City), Kana-. Kanagawa. Pre-. Akeyo-mura,. Group. Mizu-. (Hizikata-mura,. City,. Ichishi-cho,. Ichishi-gun,. Sbimane. Gifu. Tochigi. Prefecture), Kanagawa. Kanagawa. Prefecture),. Prefecture),Togari. Kaisekizan. Prefecture),. Kawa-. Prefecture),. Chiba. bed. Kimachi. Pref?cture),. Prefecture). bed (Fukuoka-machi･. F･ rupestrL's-SuenomatsuyaⅡ1a. sandstone Kanomata-. Prefecture).. Miura-gun, Zushi,. Mie. Shirasu. Hokkaido),. Saitama. Kimitsu-gun,. Mizunami. Shinji-gun,. mura,. Kazusa-machi,. (Kawayatsu,. (Akeyo,. and. Sorachi,. (Hatsuse, (Tagoe,. bed. conglomerate. bed. Nozaki,. Kakegawa. Chichibu-gun, Shiobara-cわo,. F･ preuostiana-Hatsuse. yatsu. City,. (Yubari. (Hisanaga, bed (Kanomata-zawa,. Tagoegawa. Kitaibaraki. (Kamakura. (Yamanoucbi, of. Kitaibaraki. Prefecture).. Yoshida-machi,. zawa. Isobara,. Group. Teramae. Akeyo. Prefecture),. striata-Takinoue. bed. Miura. of. Chichibu-gun,. Sekinan-cbo,. (Tenpizan,. (Kanazawa,. bed. Sbizuoka. bed. following. writer.. Takashino-mura,. (T6zenji,. Stratig-. of the. the. ex-. many. Lexicon. mentions. by. revised. (Tochigaya,. Ibaraki. Ibaraki. not. be. might LL. ”. 1954-65. Tsukisappu. the. of. there. stratigraphers.. are. bed. bed). these,. Erathem,. F･ megaspira-Tochinokizawa Saitama Prefecture), T6zenji. F･. Beside or. geologists. some. Takinoue. the. of. of Japan-Cenozoic. occurrences,. City,. SHIKAMA. (Kaisekizan, bed. (Kimachi-. Ninohe-gun･. Iwate. Pre-. fecture).. F･. Group. smithi-Mur6. In 1964 his. the. shell. its. observe. bettter. in the. examples. pleiona. oregone7LSis. erate in. columella. plaits. PsePhaea. DALL. tO M.. (Oregon), the Wildcat. California,. etc.. Oligocene. oregonensis. from. In. the. America.. upper. fossils, In 1909. In 1931,. U.S.. (DALL) oregonensis Oregon from the and. in. of. Htlmboldt. TEGLAND. to. the. bed. Akabira. of. Miocene-Paleogene. ful-. it is very. difficult. that. the. is. condition. there. W.. are. H.. DALL. GRANT from. and. added. much. the. Pliocene. conglomRiver bed. Eel. Empire. Mio-. Miocene. Coos. TEGLAND weaueri In 1942, C. E. WEAVER. lower. many. H. R. GALE. the upper. Pliocene. County,. so. not. described. Washington. Miocene. for. hannoi. the. in. Japan.. ∀ar.. N.M.. formation. striata in the. Prefecture). koshibensis. and. name. from. But,. formation. 1933,. new. protoconch.. indurata.. Bay,. Coos. a. so. of. Chiba. sinziensis. general often deformed,. fulgorarid. of North. Preuostiana of. of. fulgorarid. coast. west. name. and. Japanese. the. Kimitsu-gun,. in. that. preserved,. formation. the upper. M.. fact. poorly. with. in the. Emplre. a. Plio-Pleistocene. Compared. described. the. under. It is. basin. is rather. gorarid to. KANNO. Prefecture).. striata, antiquior, in it he proposed. Japan”;. of. by. Nara. (Amaha-machi,. illustrated. Fossils. reported. Chichibu. tuffbed. writer. LEIndex. River,. (Soni. F･ koshibensis-Tomiya. from reported. formation.

(7) System. M･. and. from. weaueri. M･. Evolution. and. the Blakely. DuRtIAM. from. Fulgorarid. Japane,se. of. formation.. Gastropoda. In 1944. DuRIIAM. J.W.. basal. the. 29. Blakely. described. formation;. scowensis part of the this is somewhat in general to Fulgoraria similar In appearance striata. 1963, J･ Ⅴ･ MooRE reported PsePhaea (Miopleiona) indurata from (CoNRAD) the Miocene Astoria formation in Oregon･ It is important to know, as as well interesting, is the common ancestor interrelation what the between and when the American and Japanese fulgorarids. species. ⅠⅠⅠ･Generic Volutadae Oliua,. FLF-MING,. Margmella. When. ninae. while. notch. into. embryonic shell basal fasciole and. FIS‡IER's. and. Volutidae. study. into. Volutoderminae. bigb. a. unit. protoconch,. and. WENZ's. of Volutidae,. classi丘cation Scapbellinae, Halinae the. large. parts. of. dropped,. -genera. the. After. nowadays･. ScHUMACHER･. PILSBRY. by. IREDALE,. FINLAY･. (0-1-0) radula. derminae. and. from. Calliotectinae. fossil groups the. other. is. Volutilithinae of the. four. latter. two. subfamilis. subfamilies･. mentioned. above. H･. units. Volutinae, with. are. and. and. DALL,. situated. radula It is also. useful. A.. ADAMS, IredalL･na. and. carry. Liriinae, Voluto-. with. is. the. Fulgoraria. near. relationship. few. not. but. OLSSON,. and. Eucymba. by. system. lower. includer. Ericusa. their. because. uncertain. radula as. correspond There are. OLSSON. Fulgorariinae but. Atbletinae,. important. most. and. divided. classi丘cations,. PILSBRY. PALMER. Cymbiinae,. and. fasciole. their be. Festilyria. cusp･L. of wide. used. Volutinae. and CROSSE,. Mamillana. Zido-. Calliothectinae,. Pholidotominae,. in. invalid. Sycospira. They. subfamilies･. PILSBRY. A.. and. 1954. Volutilitbinae,. his. and. OLSSON,s. HABE,. ALDRICH,. uniserical AIcithinae,. in the. HARRIS,. Saotomea. Lyriscapha. arranged. Fulgorariinae. them. Pterospira. Mesericusa. 1938-62. OLSSON皿ay. and. Racbiglossa. H. clear. Cymbiinae,. of. basal. and. became. his. Scapbellinae,. nucleus. and or. unadopted. indicated. synopsュs. PILSBRY. generally. A･ OLSSON,. and. Volutomitrinae･. Volutomitrinae,. and. Mitra,. DALL, 1890 much of mantle･ 1899 put columella plaits, basal After TROSCEEL consideration.. AIcithoinae,. and. in. rather. Volutinae,. as. included. correspond. radula. H･ PILSBRY. system,. of radula. they. subfamilies. important. 12. Adelomeloninae,. three. characters. his. 1840. became. CossMANN,. subfamilies such Fulgorarinae, Cymbiinae,. Lyriinae,. as. into. upon. evaluated. used. of volutid. Volutidae based. Voluta,I. 1853-57. situation. Volutinae,. SwAINSON,. beside. GRAY,. J･E･. classification, taxonomical ADAMS 1853-54 divided and. Volutidae. or. Cancellaria. and. Volutacea･. with. 1822. Taxonomy. unknown. _,entirely distinctly separated. off-axis. coiling. of. bulbous. protoconcb.. WENZ WADE. treated. aS. Fulgoraria Fulgoraria. (LAM･),. Subgenera. and and a. type. CROSSE,. Psephaea. Volutilithes･. of genus Arctomelo7L. Arctomelon species. of. Volutilithes. DALL DALL. in. Also. he. and included. volutilithes,. genus. in genus. SwAINSON. Fulgoraria.. Volutilithes, closely. resembles. Palaeopsbhaea two two. and Volutilithes. PsePhaea. subgenera subgenera muric1.nuS group. and.

(8) T.. 30. it may. be said. their. of. Fulgorariinae. that. its. evolution. is noteworthy. protoconch. has. rather. from. In these. from. is. a/b2). and. radial. no. in. volutid. 2･5 volutions. it. its whorl. lustre;. splre. plaits are be situated. may. into. Pacific;. O･64; no. and. Arctomelon. history. northern. ; columella. put. in the. y/xl'is. striations. 0.27-0.31. characteristics OLSSON and. PILSBRY. Volutilithes. medium-sized. with band,. normal-coiled,. and f･F･F･F･ Fulgorariinae･. strong. a. as. axial ribs, no subsutural low and suture shallow;. no. derived. were. Arctomelon. is. SHIKAMA. rather apart. Pacbycymbiolides. of. AIcithoinae. be. It may. by. mentioned together. latter,. (-Livona). sipbonal. In P.. genetic. has. protoconch. its. and. y/Ⅹ. as. very. OLSSION the. type. has. a. to. put. it in. no. Guivillea(?). in且ated. body. similar. td. ･. to. on. last. In general. each. y/Ⅹ-ratio. other.. of. of thin. outline. etc.,. whorl,. (s.s･)smithi. Musashia. regarded. in. and. But. colour. no. alabastrina. the. width. of. the. height. of. shell･. ultimate. is O･26 and. columella the. marking,. protoconcb. volution. c/a-ratio. of. of the. width. to. last. the. whorl height. to. of. the. height. last. wborl･. of. one. columella･. it is O･58･. belonging. to. plait of last whorl･ be both species may smithi to. volution.. a/b-ratio. and beside. Its protoconcb thin shell･ deep. as. from. is distinguished. Sea. PILSBRY. c/a3'of. (SowERBY). one. clearly. is known. 3 volutions･ lustre and sharp. 4･5 is. Antarctic. radula･. has. shell. is also. the. (Natural History)･. b/a of the. whorl;. This. specimen. no. has. formula. ontogenetic. indistinct. the. KIENER･. teleoconcb. from. Almost. uncertain position･ British Museum the. in. teleoconch of off-axis coiling; band, no axial ribs, no subsutural. plait 1934. s. HIRASE,. 2) 3). an. WATSON its. of colufrom. sowerbyi. O･94, and. B･. tendency. columella. teleoconch. alabastrina but owing. Fulgoraria,. cloge. specimen. suture,. 1). Guiuillea. treated. different. Mesericusa. is about. with its onto-. style. a. and O･79. strong;. are. Such. the strong and sharp; columella plaits are volution･s; 3. 3. 3.3. 3 (4) (f.f.f-F.F.F-F.F･F-F･F･F-F･F･F(f･F･F･F))･ fulgorarid･ from the Japanese separated THIELE. very. of. notch strong. 2･5 volutions,. is clearly. volution In Japanesefulgorarid･. broad. are. plaits. columella. thick. so. not. PterosPira canal･ distinct axial. shoulders. vaulted,. somewhat. carry. distinct. and. teleoconch. of the has 2･2 volutions. protoconcb. shell. as. Mamillana,. as. shell. festiua (LAMA). (f･f･トF･F･F-F･F･F-F･F･F)･. and. style. general. much. 3･5 volutions;. is 3･ 3･ 3･ 3. development. plait. are. suture,. siphonal. of. thick. roadnightae,. has. teleoconch formula. band,. whorls. is eminent.. y/x, aha mella. ; their. canal. notch. are. such. genera. ribs, deep. axial. Festilyria. and. Saotomea･. and. Zealand. broad. subsutural. no. suture,. by. obsolete. McCoy. roadnightae. deep. fasciole. by. and. and. Iredalina,. in Fulgorariinae, position fulgorarids, Japanese such. Musashia New. in Australia. genera. same. But. Nipponomelon,. and. the. occupy. living. many. coiling. Saotomea･. and. Australian. the. Mesericusa. in the. ribs,. Fulgoraria. from. Ericusa,. OLSSON. and. PsePhaea,. different. as. PILSBRY. with. Fulgoraria,. that in off-axial. notable. spire･. the. by. width. lower of丘rst.

(9) System. more. splre,. At. is. there. found. fulgorarid.. Japanese Be. that. OLSSON. include. Gastropoda. by. and. no. radial. separate element bet an isolated genus. etc.. striations,. GuiuelLea. to. may. 31. from. the. Fulgorariinae. of. Musashia.. to. it may,. as. decisive. no. Guiuillea. it is close. though. Fulgorarid. of Japanese. lip of aperture. outer. expanded. least. Evolution. and. the. following. the. genera. Fulgorariinae. that. regards. writer. and. PILSBRY. and. (in parenthesis).. subgenera. ScrlMACHER. Fulgoraria. (Psephaea CROSSE) (Ni♪9onomelon n, gen.) Northern. (Japan. group. Musashia. America). and. HAYASI寸Ⅰ MioPleiona. (* (* Antarctic. element. Saotomea. HABE. Guivillea. WATSON HARRIS. PterosPira Festilyria Ericusa. PILSBRY H.. &. 1and. Extinct. *. Here. (Australia,. group and. Zea-. New. Mamillana. Africa). Lyrischapa. *. SycosPira. *. Eucymba. &. OLSSON. ADAMS. GROSSE. Iredalina *. A.. IREDALE. Mesericusa Southern. DALL) TAIくEDA). NeoPsePhaea. FINLAY ALDRICH PALMER DALL. genera. the. only. northern. will be treated. group. in the. following. chapters. of. this. paper･. Genus 1817.. ScHUMACHER. Fulgoraria d'unnouveau. Essai. :. ScHUMACHER, syst占me. 1817 des. habitations. des. testac6s,. vers. pp.73,242.. OrL'ginal. postice. oblongolinearis,. marginatum, TyPe. vel. plaits. 4-9.. ofむst. of the. of. recent of Japanese Almost 0.60. the ratio above colour. of. width. is. (Ⅹ). teleoconcb. species is. recta,. Fulgoraria. fulgorarid no. last. volution. large. rather. subsutural. protoconcb. of. its. and. is O･,60, 56-83% band.. 3-5 and. plaits. of Shell. mean. the thin. marking.. Subgenera. intus. crenatum,. Columella. nullum･. columella. operculum.)nitial. ratio. vollltion. crassum,. maJOribus･. mediis. Apertura. subgloboso･. sub-. chinensL's･H. F.'rul'estris (GMELIN). No The. internum. ; 1abium ; plicis. octoplicata. species.･. Diagnosis:. vertices elongata, _ ; 1abium externum. emarglnata laeve. convexurrl,. septem. plana,. ‥Testa. Description:. included:. Fulgoraria. s. s.. and. PsePhaea. CROSSE･. last columella. (y) value. species to. to. that. of the. showing There thick..

(10) 32. T.. Subgenus Diagnosis:. Initial. Protoconch species. Shell. number･ tion. on. thick. lip･. outer. is 0.26-0.31;. (b). columella. and. The. spire. often. CROSSE:. Original. Jour, de. transversalement, du. dernier. desquels de. sente,. en. invisibles. de. lui.. du. et. Bord. height. interne. Axial. The. height. (a) to the. in. 15-18. ribs. is丘ne. there. crenula-. of last whorl. 1871. 30ト302.. fusiforme,. autres tous. ces. fort. droite. coquille. d'email;. d6p6t. elle pre-. Visibles:. situ6s tr占s-profond6ment. la. tient. all-dessus ′. pelne. plissont. qui. le milieu. vers. plies prlnCipaux. a. et. petits. tr占s一点nement stride. disparaisant. de deux. munie. d'un. rev6tu. 6-9.. plaits. respectively.. species. oblongue. l'observateur. pur. a. 19, pp.. particularit占que. debors. columella. species.. longitudinales,. trois. ou. volutions. CROSSE,. Psephaea. c6tes columelle. deux. plus, cette. spire. Coquille. Nucl占us?. existe. In. de. et munie. LtOur. il. 〟. 3-5 total. of. ConcbylリVOl.. description:. last. low.. very. Subgenus 1871.. and. lustre.. of the. and. 4-5. 83%. without ratio. ScEUMACHER. plaits 1.9-2.3. have. O･60 y/Ⅹ occupy. above. with. Fulgoraria. teleoconch. and. SIIIKAMA. bord. face. en. externe. et. obtus. ′. epalSSi.”. TyPe. Fulgoraria. species:. Diagnosis: Protoconcb species. with. 0.60. above. Shell lip･. outer. is 0.34-0.51;. columella. plaits. concinna 3-5 and. have. 1.5-2.5. and. teleoconch. and. number. on. Initial. (PsePhaea). thin. y/Ⅹ. to. thick. The. ratio. spire. medium. HAYASEII:. and. shell of. without shell deep. additional. TyPe. The. plaits being. less than becomes Subgenera and. columella. 30% very. of. Neopsephaea. the. plaits. 2.. to. the. weak. generally Musashia. derlned. (s.s.) hirasei. of. group. "b. crenulation last. (b). whorl. the. ratio. y/Ⅹ total.. Musashia TAI(EDA.. rather. Subsutural. s.s.,. ”. (Psephaea);. spiral lines); ground 1 (sometimes with as. a. colour a. weak. taxon.. subgeneric. (SowERBY). Initial columella. of the large.. included:. height. in. 1960. 1, p.. no.. similar. (except. pattern. operculum.. value. HAYASHI,. γol. 21,. HAYASHI. No. the. lト19. ribs. No血e. absent.. (a). Protoconch. above).” sPecL'es: Musashia. 1-4.. DALL. colour 月_esby;. Axial. to. prresent. The. respectively.. volutions. or. 4-8.. plaits. columella. totalspecies.. of. Musashia. Jap. Jour. Mal.,. one. Diagnosis:. often. a. last. high.. or. description:. Original. lustre. of tbespireheight. Genus 1960,. 56%. occupy. 5-7. BROD.. plaits small,. band. NiPPonomelon. 1-2 and. species. almdst n.. last columella. with. above. present.. subgen.,. 0.60 shell. Miopleiona.

(11) Syste血and. Evolution. Subgenus. Fulgorarid. Japan?se. of. Musashia. Gastropoda. 33. HAYASHI. Diagnosis: conch. and. with Shell. above. Initial c･olume11a plait 1 and last columella plaits 1-3. teleoconch have l17-2･O and 4･5-5 volutions The respectively･ O･60 of y/Ⅹ occupy o% Subsutural of total species･ band. lustre･ with in height. medium. No. thin. Spire. colour. Subgenus Diagnosis: conch. The. or. (a)/(b) ratio Type. subgen.. present.. is. ratio. 0.30-0.38.. nov.. last columella plaits 2 and plaits 2-4. 2･O-213 and 5-6 volutions The respectively･ O･60 y/Ⅹ occupy 29% of total species. Shell thin or thick. There is colour皿arking･ absent･ Subsutural band almost. above. present. Nipponomelon,. (a)/(b). species. Initial columella. teleoconch. and. with. The. marking･. Proto-. have. is. O･33-0･46･. Spire. Musashia. species:. DALL:. Smitb･. 1909･. DALL:. U･S･. Original. Misc･ Geol･. or. (Nipponomelon). Subgenus 1907･. medium. CollりVOl･ Surv･. description:. Prof･. =Shell. DALL, 1, p.. 50, pt･ PapリnO.. large,. species Lustre present.. high.. preuostiana. Miopleiona. ProtoI. (CROSSE). 1907 ll. 35.. 59, p.. heavy'fusiform,. slender,. with. acute. (shelly?). few nucleus and one whorls; pillar straight, strong one with and more feeble it, not posterior ′plaitupon quite reaching the aperture and much denned in the early stages sharply growth; or surface smooth of splrally striate, with lip more small axial outer or less riblets; channeled at the in the adult; commissure pesterior the margin entire, slightly expanded; no internal lirations; the e*ernal surface not covered with enamel (1909). Musashia TyPe species: (Miopleiona) indurataしCoNRAD). ”. Diagnosis:. Initial. Teleoconch. has. Axial. 14-17(?). ribs. running. 4ふ5. to. oblique. columella. unknown very. deep. with. penultimate. whorl,. very. strong,. volutions: on. spire. suture･. Subgenus TAKEDA:. 19531. Original A･. by. H･. Stud･. and lacking. Type. species:. the. and fold. Diagnosis: volqtions･. Suture. on. not. no･. 〃Columella. Guiuillea. 3,. thick,. WATSON. are. 2＋.. plaits. band.. subsutural keelllike. often. and. high.. TAKEDA, p.. columella no. 1953. 59.. with. one. oblique. distinguished. from. plate. this. Au,inia subgenus. pillar.”. Musashia. Initial. Geol･,. and. or. medium. Neopsephaea. Coal･. description: ADAMS. last. plait Suture. and. deep,. (Neopsephaea) last. columella. without. antiquior plaits. subsutural. ＼TAKEDA) one･. band･. Teleoconch Spire. very.. with low. 4-5 and.

(12) 34. T.. fusiform. slender,. in general. description:. original. in. in this. cream. The. the. of. The. same. found.. 13, no.ト4,. is somewhat. saotomea. is the. The. the. at. pointed. 73･. p･. only known operculated in shape, but is uniformly coloured from different that of the other. in its outline･. genus. 1943. delicata. is normal. shell. radula. but ovate, yellow, A new subgends. neous. size.. HABE,. Fulgoraria. 〟. genus･. ye11ow･. species. Saotomea. 丁ap. ユour. MalりVOl.. HABE:. species. Small. outline.. Genus 1943.. SHIKAMA. thin,. cor-. is the where nucleus for this characteristic. anterior end be proposed. may. is small,. operculum. species.”. TyPe. Saotomea. syecies:. Operculum. Diagnosis: 2.. The. mella. plaits. Axial. ribs 13-16. lustre. and. delicata. taxon. on. colour. FISCHER,. THIELE. tant. as. by. Shell. thin. with. Elements. are. radula,. gastropods,. fasciole. many. TROSCHEL,. CosAMANN,. DALL,. fulgorarid. the. There. elements.. band･. taxa･. Classification. plait, basal. columella. total. of. small.. very. ∫.E. GRAY,. etCリin. last colu-. and. 50%. occupy. y/Ⅹ. one. plait. subsutural. Shell. Taxonomic. WENZ,. and. taxonomic. No. clasi丘cations. (protoconcb),. shell. nic. in the. wborl･. Infrageneric A.. seen. 0.60. marking.. IV.. As. Initial columella. above. with. penultimate. without. (FuLTON)･. present･. or. mantle. embryoimpor-. as. of shells. characters. be. may. mentioned disclearly. that the elements with regards writer are bigb in degree distribution with obsolete and that the elements continuous degree･ are low in Because the writer or distribution discontinuity continuous for. above,. treats as. samples in omitted. is. unlqtle genera,. be. to. seems. genus. in. or. relic genus all fulgorarid Tbe. the. the. A. is bigb, A.. order. ･1.. of B. extinct. whether. Radula. high in. a. by. in. genera or. not. the. be. may. order. such. evolution, inevitable. for. species. and. NeoPsePhaea. or. element. unknown･ mode;. it is. taxonomic. elements. and. a. this. Saotomea. dwarf. study. classiis a. from is. the other In unuseful･. had. Miopleiona Saotomea. in evolutional. element. infrageneric. an. this. an. in. suprageneric classi丘cation･ it is separated which sharply. it is utterly. neotenic. may or. operculum be a kind. smallest. type. gastropods. observed. writer. to. useful. nowadays. respectively'but. of. too. of fulgorarid. study･. operculum,. it is important. fact. of. be. With. but. his. situated. it may. fication;. in pursuit. fossil. many. mantle. but. the. which. their. is medium. Operculum.. 14. weight and. as. C. follows: is low. in order･. arranged. them. according.

(13) System. Colour. 3. Shell. 4. Initial. 1. Last. 2. Crenulation. 3. Axial. 4. Subsutural. 5. Number. 6. Size. 1. Shell. 2. Lustre. 3. Spire. 4. In月.ation of. last. 5. Number. teleoconch. C. ∼. Musashia while some. species. salebrosa Tbe. the. writer's. that. is 34.3mm. be. thickness. of shell. of. a. group. hamillei,. ribs. is from. axial. are. present. and. to. band in in most. is absent. Musashia. height,. each. far. as. in smithi, of delicata,. type the. can. genera. keel-like In. to. but on. Axial. suture.. in. axial. the. Generally. ridge-like and on＼. and. which. exoptanda they. smithi last whorl.. are. concinna. they. a. number. little. shells and are. ridge-like. The. ribs have. is. or in some cancellata keelllike; in hirasei rather. in. ribs. Japanese speaking,. rupestris and. shoulder. it. this. by. and. rupestris. height.. nodulous. and. mentiens disappeared. 20, averaglng. P. MiopleL'ona.. and. angulated,. noguchii, or. is. seen. angulosa,. distinct are. As. Strong. vertical. width. less. group,. are. in. visible. not. of. species.. almost. or. c/a. species.. shell in. of shell. character. other. their. and. known. and. for. and. MusashL'a.. <. only. more. each. (b). spire. of. b/a. Saotomea<Neo♪sePhaea<Fulgoraria<. run. of. for. Value. umique. are. the ribs. ,group. ll. a. (a), that. shell is found. adult. all the. range. ribs. the. PsePhaea. lip is. is smooth. obsolete. Subsutural. or. calculated. values largest. order: <. generally. ribs. mean. Maximtlm. the. suture. clara,. becomes. Saotomea. and By. In preuostiana. but. whorl. the smallest. from. ribs. (c), and. concerned,. outer. to. axial. the. whorl surface, less of it, although kamakurensis or preuostiana more. carry. of last whorl. their. following. whorl. In Saotomea,. is. are. of. shells of kaneko. but. of inducing. wide. angulated,. on. marking. yamamotoi,. height. width. axial. the. kaneko,. as. last. the. moderately. shoulder. zigzag-band. NiPPonomelon. and. NL'pponomelon. of. volution.. coloured. the. oblique. fulgorarid. lack. such. separated. running. whorl.. measured. Crenulation is sharply. surface.. height.. it.. in. Mi軸Ieiona. volution.. protoconch.. high, high.. <. lip.. outer. of protoconcb. them. 250mm. aligned. plaits.. of. samples. is. them.. of. band.. all species,. that. ontogeny. ribs.. of. writer. of. or. plaits. PsePhaea. maximum. shell. columella. of. lack. 35. size.. Saotomea. Fulgoraria,. Gastropoda. marking.. columella. and. Fulgorarid. Japanese. of. 2. B:. the. Evolution. and. of. some. wavy. on. splre. of. axial. 16. in Fulgoraria,. and Musashia of. in. most. butmostly. Saotomea. and. in most. of Nipponomelon. thick. in Fulgoraria. of. Shell and. Pse?haea, is thin. in. PsePhaea..

(14) 36. T.. SHIKAMA. ■′■一*,. ;'T/. ′,. ′l′. 1;･' -,/. ･_,,==,,i'/;/エ. 苧7J珊7 ′′l-1I-. ･./I'ノ･;.'. 早. HT R ･!･':.`･フ･. ●l`′. '.4!. ;･. :A.I;3.,. ◆lr. l,I. ′`. ･lL. 乙:I.;I.`一'一.∼.rJI,I ･I.止. I′l. C. HS. CR. ぐC ノ;･:'･･･J::'･J tr:･'･J/,･-J･ ..,.′･てl･. .･:.･.,.,,;::il･3. ''L3':8･:;:-;'' lI. Kl. KH. 王㌍一こ`'･'. 1.1･･.･'1･5./ ∫. ･一･-･'･''･''':,･･一I,ノヽLL 一●J. I,L^Ji3.:.:;･■･:r 一ip,I:･毒. 一:I). ￣L.▲'. 1. ･-I/. 一一ヽ. DA. ME. PN. KA. PS. Text丘g. R:. ruPestris,. kaiensis, hamillei forma. KA:. 1.. hamillei,. CC: concinna, K: kaneko, sinica, Y:. yamamotoi,. DA･･. daviesi,. kamakurensis.. Protoconcb ET:. C:. itoi,. mentiens, gala,. H:. concinna. KfI: P:. PS:. of. hamillei. recent. kaneko. Preuostiana. EN: CR:. corrugata,. prevostiana,. species.. tosaensis, hayashii, PM: salebrosa,. hamillei. niPPon･. rosea, HS: concinna KI: kaneko hayashii. preuostiana A:. ME:. magma,. angulosa,. E:. elon･.

(15) System. Evolution. and. of Japanese. Fulgorarid. Gastropoda. 37. Jtj -1. I,. J■. CL. 〟. N. CA 一■･l. ･I■･一_i. ノ･･･!･､･:･3 ･･･,,･:.I-'. ･'･･i:.･･:'-･f''･;3き EX. I:･)I. 0吠. DP. S Text丘g,. Shell. HI:. hirasei,. CA:. Dα:. delicata. of. has. surface. other. genera. type,. lustre. in. PsePhaea. protoconch. of. Musashia they to. is they. 7, and the. than. Size. of. size,. (y). that. which. In Musashia,. mean. O･32. value, Orientation. according concerned,. axial. and. specimen are. in. concerned,. volutions!. hence. axial. of. Musashia,. of. in. but. the. Fulgoraria.. 0.47.. The. of Volutions number 2.1.. In Saotomea value and in Fulgoraria and and Psephaea. Psephaea. is from. they. they. are. more. largely. more. are. 3. it.. than. important. in. the. of. O･81. of teleoconch. volution､s. width. relatively last whorl is Mean value of. In月.ation of. and Nipponomelon. less. but. of Musashia. Saotomea. fulgorarid･ ultimate. (Ⅹ),then. volution to. To. the. its. acquire. ･protoconcb. calculat･ed. ((rupestris),the. inclination. inclination γentral is axial. is less than. seen. lies of. from. inclination. in fully. adult. the. volution. value. of y/Ⅹ, 0.60.. being. mean. far. in. 4･5. mean. is rather protoconch nucleus variable 24 hamillei are as tosaensis samples of. of. As. stage.. growth. left. nucleus. value. y/x. of. to the. tions. measured. smithii,. exopianda.. value a vahle, indicating relatively In is of protoconch. NiPPonomelon, much thah the smaller y/Ⅹ but in Fulgoraria it is much larger mean than the value. the. size. rather. (salebrosa). mean. value. are. first teleoconch. of. is from. smaller. t■he writer. c/a. and. they. is. with. In. Musashia. is. of. Number. 4･9･. value, in Fulgoraria protoconch. relative and. value in. it, while. than. is. most. in. weak. mean. it.. than. more. mean. mean. the. EX:. NL'pponomelon.. 2.5,. to. less than. are. the. that. 1.5. β type,. in most. and. and. isO.36and. S:. noguchii,. obsolete∴. of. most. Nippo7Wmelon. from. largely. are. become. speci■es.. N:. in. and. in Fulgoraria. in. and. in strong relatively b/a in total species. Saotomea. to. low. recent. clara, Dβ: delicata of. α. is relatively. of. CL:. cancellata,. it is inclined. Spire. highin. 2,宝.Protoconch. dorsal ､1eft. teleoconch. apertural lies in. side･. quadrant. volutions, As far. left dorsal. specimer”ucleus. is. of. 4. teleoconch. hence as. in. 18 samples. quadrant invisib!e. of. fully. voluadult. of dauiesi. 5.5 teleoconch. from. apertural.

(16) T.. 38. SEIKAMA. 千I f F. /. I f 千f F. /. 千 f 千千 F J! AP. f f 千 fF. -. Text丘g. on. 3.. protoconcb. erior. of. side. F. F F F-F. fFF. F. Situation. of nucleus from posthamillei tosa-. viewed shell in. Ring. shows ensis teleoconch.. volution. numbers. of. There. side. between. be. may. genus. and. relationship. orientation impor-. Columella. plaits are very in fulgorarid classi丘cation.. tant. Saotomea,. glance,. plaits, but have many. are. Musashia kaneko. and. latter.. sroup･. according In the. it is. plaits the formula. kaneko. F.F.F-F,F.F To. one. their. shells. of all teleoQOnCh columella. psephaea. separated servative. shown. except. volutions･. from or. plaits one. primitive. and. of. a. shell. the. of. hayashii. while. in. there. are. another･ genusl. it is only. such. of Or. monotyplC In. 3. or. concerned,. It is has. rare. Saotomea and. one. in. formula. Species. plaits and. rupestris. a. diastema. the. writer. Saotomea･. inita! columeま1a plait?. whereas. one. only is. number it is 4-5･ are. cut. columella. is. the. fulgorarid. In. F.F.F-F-F,. there. Fulgoraria. that. plaits. of. exposed. Musashia,. slgnificant. weaker in ascend-. is F･F･F･-F･. F.F.f.F.f-F,. columella. of. is. there. in Nipponomelon 5;. In that. right･. the. and F. and. of columeua. When. the. and. genera very. at. F.F.F.F-F,. development. i, F. to. group. stronger. formula. F.. mentiens as. are. them. calls. smithi in by-;. belong hamillei. and. other. of Saotomea to the former,. species. rupestris. writer the of delicata, left at and anterior. plait of initial volution, it is mostly 4, rarely. initial columella. group. every. columella. ontogenetic. of all species. pattern;. constant,. kamakurensis. volution. strength. are. plaits. and. group･. is variable F.F.F.F.F-F.. and. observe. the. concinna. preuostiana. it is. pattern. kaneko. itoi SHIK.. forma. in number. as f.F, posterior shown in i.i.i.i.F.F.F.F.F and. between. Columella. (PseI･haea). Fulgoraria. species. clara,. last. 4.. respectively. plaits of. order.. Text丘g.. they. plaits;. variable. to. is to be. columella. some. except. Among. ones;. ing. whorl.. they. species and. In. and. Fulgoraria. and. columella 2-4, 4-8, 6-13. last. the. few. PsePhaea. 2,ト2,. are. At. Musashia. have. Nipponomelon. at. of. inclination.. axial. a. ド-F イ●-. no. As. rather most. 2･. 1n. far. as. clearly con-. Fulgoraria.

(17) Table. 』Maximum!. i,. Taxonomic. distributed. elements. in. each. species.. Mean. Coltmella. of Range. Range. Mean. ”suan;fb,;ers身hse;!e?lt i of. of. a. C. (皿血). of. (mm). ら/a. Mean. of. T2:】. bamillei. volution. numbers. in. h.. E3. 15. sim'ca. 6. 61ふ100.. 3. 71. 0-117.. 5. 8. i. of C.p.. 49ふ114.. 0. 5. 0′′-43. 7. O.26. 0.45. 15N. 1.9. 0.81. 3.5. 5-65,. 0.31. 0.45. 18K. 2.2. 0. 72. 4-5. 9-50.. 8. 0.29. 0.44. 16K. 32.. 1-41.. 4. 0. 28. 0.46. 18K. 2.2. 0. 79. 4. 5. 6. h.?赫怒kaiensis. 和讃. A.. 37. iosae72Sis. 69ふ92,5. 114.0. 134.. 46. 3-102.. 5. 1. 20.. 0-44,. e. 0.28. 2.2. 0.67. 0. 44. 16. I(. 2.3. 0.56. 9. 8-9. 4. ≡4.5.6.7.8. 4. 4. ! 4.も5.6.6. 5. 喜5.7.8.8.9(12)9-13. (0.51). 15. Ⅵr. 1.5. 0. 58. a. 1. exo9tanda. 40. 1. 79. 2. 97. 8. (0･ 25). !. 5. COnCmna. c･. C.. 臥. 23. corrugate. 70ふ136.. 5. rOSea. 5. 71ふ113.. 5. kaneko. 67ふ90.5. 121･4書. 0. 76. 0-133.. 1. 33, OA6,. 0. 0.35. 0. 49. llN. 乙2. 32. 9-60.. 7. 0.34. 0. 45. llN. 2.0. 36. 1一･48. 5. 37. 3-57.. 0. a.36. 0.34. 0.48. 0.47. i. 0. 70. 5. e.56. 5. ?. 7-12. 6. ?. 6. 十Tbick. 十Preseot. -Thin. -Absent. surface. ーAbsent. 十. ＋. D. ＋. 十. D. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. ±. ＋. ±. ＋. D. D. D. 子･･11 ＋. ＋. ±. 十. ±. ＋. ±. 5. 3. 5-6. 0.79. Striation. -. 5. 4. 5. 0. 64. 2.3. 16R. 4. -. Radial. thickness. ＋PTeSe且t Absent. 4. 2.1. llN. 5. Absent. t芸:≡:≡二言,8(9). 4-5. 3-4.. Present. p.. L Q. Shell shell. marking ＋. C･. nurnbe打S. nロrnbers. 30.. 22,. Forrnnla. teleocoach. 28.. 0. Last. Initial. whorl. 148.. 154,. syi/zxe. penultimate. i. Colour. numbers. protoconch. 128.. Lustre. plaits. Volution. of. aurnbers. 巧. i[. j. Protoconch. rib. of. c/a. (rnrn). rubesiris. axial. 5. 4. 5-6. 土. ＋. 守 Q). A.. hayashii. 7. k.. h.. 4. 163.8. i 69ふ120.. 0. 36. 1-54.. 5. 0▲46. 0. 48. 18R. 2.5. 0-59. 5-5.. 36. 5-53.. 2. 0.49. 0.51. 19R. 2.5. 8.57. 5ふ6. 4. 5. ?. 5-6. 巧. ＋. -ト. ぺ A. itoi. 65. 7-A-115. 6. 竪賀. q) g). nl. 1. yamamotoi. daviesi. 120.. 20. 49. me戚ens. 72. 8--147.. 1. 54. 5. 8. 3. 62. 8. 77WgaSPira. Prevosiiaaa. 0. 49. 4-117.. 21. 9-49.. 33. 9-72.. 5. 1. 23.6. ≡4.5▲5,5.5.5. (0.47). (0･45). 15. a-0. 2,1. 0, 62. 7. ?. ?. 0. 34. 0. 4二4. 15. RJ). 2.3. 0. 66. 5. 4-5. 5.5.5.5.5. 4-5. 0.37. 0.46. 20. a--0. 2.3. 0. 60. 5. 4. 4･4･4･4.4(5). 4-5. ?. 5. (0･49). (0,54). 7. 146.9. ≡68. 9--188.. 9. 34. 0-54.. 3. 0.37. 0.49. 27. 1弧8. 46. 9-141,. 1. 22. 1-67,. 1. e.33. 8.48. ? R-0. 5. 16瓦. ?. 2.1. 0, 52. 5. 2. 2.2. 0. 44. 5-6. 2. 2･212･2･3(4). 8. ＋. ±. P･田αgna. 17K. ±. ±. 3. ±. L--･4. ま Q. 4-6. i書:≡:≡:星二…} 2-3. ＋. ＋. 匂. 蛋. 157.. 6. みsalebrosa. 0. 94.. 2-122.. 6. 42ふ66.. 7. 0.33. 0. 51. 17K. 2,1. 0.32. 5. 2?. 2.2.2.2.2. 2-3. 0.42. 0.46. 14K. 2.0. 0.65. 5. 2. 2.3.3.3.4. 2-4. ＋. Q ま Q. 133.. 9. angulosa. 9. 56.2-. 95.8. 27. 4-44.. 3. ＋. ＋. 尽. 忠. 198.. 7. elongate. 0. 86. 8-130.. 6. 37. 8-56.. 2. 0.46. 8.44. 19K. 2,2. 0. 65. 6. 2. 2.2.2.2.2.2. 13K. 2.0. 0.･51. 4.5. 2. 2.2.4.4.4. 2. 十. ±. >: kamakurensis. 54. 5. 1. birasei. 28. 4.4. 60. 0-122.. 22. 4.6. 56.8-. cancellaia. 6.9. 30. clara. 9. 90.1. 42.ト64.5. 0.2. 20. aoguchii. 27. 9. (0.51). 28. 9-63.. 5. 0.37. 0.49. 18.トAS.. 0. 0.38. 0. 47. 17. 4-28.. 55. 0-･- 75.0. (O･ 37). 20. 5}5.. 4. 9. 0.32. 0.44. 17R. 2.0. 0. 51. ROK. 0.49. 14. 良-0. 0. 30. 0.46. 18. a-0. 5. 1,1.1.1.2. 2. 5. 1.1.2.2,3. 2(3). ±. 士. ＋. ＋. 圭三…し._”.._(j妻. 13監-0. 8. 34. 2-4. 4.5. 1.1.i.1.2. ト2. 5. 1.1.1.1.2. 2. 5. 1.1.1,1.i. 1. ±. 十. s. 0.0. 5. 7m'thi. 71. 6-182.. 0. 32, 6-88.. 5. 十. Q. delicata. 蓋…. α. β. N:. Nodulous. on. shoulder,. 17.4-36.7. 13. 50.1. !. 13. 34.3. i 18.7-25.8. W:. Wavy,. R:. Ridge-like. 12.2-16.. 5. 0.37. 0.44. 15. R-0. 10. 0-13.. 0. 0,32. e, 50. 16. a-0. shouder,. a:. Keelllike,. R-0:. Ridge-like. -㌔----㌔-l..59. ;‥;. and. obsalete. on. last whorl.. 5-. 1.1†1.1.2. 2. 5. 1.1.1.1.2. 2.

(18) system. 2.. Table. ＋. Higher. -0. total Lower Total. Evolution. and. Deviation. of taxonomic. elements. beight. mean.. than. it,. b/a. of. mean.. of. c/a. shell. L q モゝ. h. sinica. Q. h.. b々 ■■ヽ▲. ;皇. Number last. of. columella plaits. concb. concb. wborl. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. 0. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. ni♪Ponkaiensis. h. tosaensis. EE.. Number. of volu- of volutions of of tions teleoproto-. ＋. hamillei. ■で-i. species. Number. of Protoin conch ribs axial size penultimate. ru♪estris t3. each. number. Mean. Mean. 39. Gastropoda. Mean. Maximum. than. Fulgorarid. of Japanese. 0. exoPtanda. ＋. COnCtnna. ＋. c.. corrugata. ＋. C.. rOSea. ＋. 0. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. 0. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. 0. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. 0. 0. k. hayashii. ＋. ＋. ＋. 0. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. kaneko. ＋. 也 q). E3 <. k. h. itoi. A. qB U). nl. ＋. ＋. yamamotoi. daviesi. ＋. mentions. ＋. megasPira. 宇ミ Q ∼. ＋. 0. ＋. ＋. 0. ＋. ＋. ?. ?. ?. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. 0. 0. ＋. ＋. Prevostiana. ＋. A. magma. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. ♪.salebrosa. ＋. ＋. ＋. 0. ＋. Ci). S Q. 写ミ C). ＋. angulosa. ＋. ＋. A. .eT ≧. ＋. elongata kamakurensis hirasei. Q. ぶ. ＋. cancellata. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. 十＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. 0. ＋. ＋. く′). 守く′). 3. %. cJαrα. Q. delicata. largest. the. but. saotomea, saotomea.. tional. in. hirasei. So. phaea-Fulgoraria, in. advanced same. that,. is shown. trend. the. of. number. NiPPonomelon､. Fulgoraria･. and. ＋. 0. Musashia. has. β. has. the can. it.. and. the. as as. follows. cancellata. and far as. Psephaea the :. ＋. intial. one. is. plait. are. initial. columella than. stronger. between. situated. that. Musashia. is concerned,. columella. plait, like. the. of and. evolu-. Saotomea-Musashia-Nipponomelon-Pse-. that. is 1-1-2-4. (3. initial. columella. plait. be said about. ＋. ＋. ＋. α. 講書. ＋. ＋. ＋. smithi 7=日. ＋. ＋. noguchii. or. 5)-4. among. (5)･ the. Species. species. dayiesi of Psei,haea and. magma. of. is mosyt. Nipponomelon,. hamL'llei of Fulgoraria,.

(19) 40. T.. Table. SHIKAMA. 3･. ･.. Ontogenetic. development. of. columella. Volutions ⅠⅠ. ⅠⅠI. ⅠV. f.f.F.F. f.f.ど.ど.ド.F. f.f.F.ど.ど.f.ど. f.f.f.f.F.ど.F.ど.ど. hamillei. F.ど.ど.F. ど.F.F.ど.F. F.F.ど.ど,F. f.f.F.ど.F.f.ど. h. sinica. f.ど.f.ど. f.f.ど.f.F. f.f.F.F.F.F. f.f.F,F.F.■f.F. h. niPPonkaiensis. f.F.F.ど. f.F.F.F. f.f.F.ど.ど. i.F.i.F.FJF. h.. f.f.F.f,F. f.f.f.f.F.f.F. f.f.F.F.F.f.f.F. i.i.F.F.F:i.i.F. Q. ruPestris ◆p-. L el L Q bL3 I-ヽi. 3. [㍉. tosaensis. ?. exo♪tanda. ?. ?. f.f.F.F.トF. COnCinna. C･. COrrugata. f.f.F.ど. f.f.ど.F. f.f.F.F. f. F. F.. C.. rOSea. f.f.F. f,f.ど. f.f.F.f-ど. f.i.F.fTF. f. f.F-F. f. f. ど-F. f.f.f.F-F. f. f.f.ど-ど. kaneko. 量⊆ k･. hayashii. ?. k. h. itoi. i.I.f.F. dauiesi mentiens. qi). ≡. f.i.f.F,F. f.f.f.ど.ど. f.f.f.ど. F.F.F.F. F. F. F-F. 写ミ Q. ?. ?. f.F. f.ど. F-F. ど.F. F.ど F.F,F. F.F F.F.F. F.f.F. ?. ?. ?. A. angulosa. f.f. f.f.F. f.F.ど. f.F.F. 忠 ≧. elongata. f.f. f.F. f.ど. f.ど. kamakurensis. f.f. f.F. f.f.f.ど. i. i. F-F. hirasei. ど. ど. ど. ど. cancellata. F. F. f.F. f.ど. cJαrα. f. f. F. F. noguchii. f. f. F. ど. smithi. f. f. F. F. f. f. F. ど. f. f. F. ど. t3. 遥く′つ. Q 亡′). 3. % Q. delicataα. 苫q. 講書. 3･. development. In smithi. uosiiana number. but. hamillei. hamillei,. the. of. fromula. magma-salebrosa 5; this pattern. constant,. rapidly. α. β. Ontogenetic. or. ?. ?. P. salebrosa. Q. ?. f.f.f.F. l貫･FF. II. magma. --I:I. f.f.f.f.F. ?. f.f.f.F.F. f.F. Prevostiana. f.f.f.f.ど. ?. ?. 写ミ. ?. f.f.f.F.F. megasPira. Q. f.f.f.f.F. ?. yamam-otoi. ?. ?. F--F. as. the. on. sinica. is unchangeable it is is. so. here. called. last columella the the formula changes. number. becomes is. larger･ constant. as. α･. plait step. species. constant. 2 and. number. This in the. each. or. with. the. whorl. in. formula. plait. in. in. In. step. Table. 1, in. number dauiesi itis. elongata, number becomes stronger.. by. so. prewith is. of plait In. rupestris increases. and'the number is r･ In hirasel, Clara on the stage btlt increases. pattern. early. with. is shown. and. last.

(20) System. in. formula. plait. and. Evolution. each. species.. Fulgorarid. Japanese. of. Other. types. Gastropoda. last. of. 41. columella. plaits.. ⅤⅠ. F.F.F.F.F.F.i.F. F.F.F.F.ど.F.f.F. F.F.F.f.F.F.i.F. f.F.f.F.F.F.F.F.F-F. F.ど.f.ど.F-F i.I.i.i.F.F.i.F.i.F. i.i,f.i,i.F.i.F.i.i.F,. i.i.F.F.F.F.i.F.F.FIF. F. F. F.FIF F. F.F.F-F F. F. F. F.F-F. F. F. F. F.F-F. ?. F. F. F.FIF. F. F.F-F-F,. F.F.. F. F. F-F-F. F. F. F. F./FIF,. f. FtF.. F. F-F-F. F. F-F. ?. F.F.F-F. i. F. FIFIF. i.F.F.F.F.i.i.i. ?. f.f.f.F.F F. F. F-F. F.F.F.F-F,. F.f.F-F. f.f.f.ど.ど f. F-F. i.i.F,. F.F F. F-F. F.F.F,. F.F. ど.ど.F. i.F.i.F FIF. f.F.ど.ど F.F. F.F. F. F.. F-F. f. f-F-ど. f.ど f･. f-F(トF). f.ど f.F F. f.ど f.F. this. whorl; hayashii. is a.. pattern. itoi, the. In. is p･ The pattern is independent β,r, ∂, p from. generally stronger. tiana 1ng. posterior. (f-F-F) magma,. between. as. of. side. whorl. existing. but. seen. becomes hamillei plaits.. becomes On. changlng. number. as. preuostiana. of. early. of generic. rupestris and already. shells. increases. number. pattern α,. some. taxonomy. in. hirasei. larger. group,. In there. and some are. and. magma. later;. constant. COlumella. plait. Columella. plaits. cancellata, species accessory. kaneko. ontogeny, increase. becomes. and such. plaits. this. as. prevosappeare1.

(21) T.. 42. Table. 4.. Pattern. -＼Volution Species＼--ニ＼ー. of number Ⅰ. SHIKAMA. changlng ⅠⅠ. On. COlumella ⅠⅠⅠ. ru♪estris r. hamillei a. h,sinica r. h.ni卯onkaiensis. β. h.tosaensis r. kaneko. β. daviesi α. magma P cancellata. β hiras･ei∂ delicata∂ smithiα. -F. plait. ontogeny!. ⅠVV.

(22) Evolution. Syste皿and. B. Saotomea, relationships. Musashia,. Table. the. with. Fulgorarid. Japanese. of. Relationships. of. Nipponomelon,. Taxa. PsePhaea. and. taxonomic. above-mentioned. 43. Gastropoda. Fulgoraria. have as. elements. the in. shown. 5. Table. 5.. Taxa. taxonomic. and. elements.. ＼＼＼Taxa】. Saotomea*. Musashia. NiPPonomelon. PsePhaea. Fulgoraria. 93,8T217.0. 97.8-154.0. Elements＼*. 1.Operculum. 2.Shellsize. (Max.shellheight). 34.3-50.1. 86.9-250.0. 75.6-198.0. mm. A￣￣￣￣￣￣￣' *‥. 3.Colourmarking 4.Numberofinitial. 1. 1. 2. 1-2. 2. columellaplait 5.Numberoflast. 2-4. 辛... *. 4(3,5). 4-5. 4-8. 6-13. columellaplait 6.Crenulationof. ‥*. outerlip. 7.Numberofaxial 15-16. ribsonpenultimate whorl. B. 13-20. *. 8.Subsuturalband 9.Numberofpro-. 1.7. toconchvolutioIIS 10.Sizeofprotoconch. 1.7-2.0. 13-19. ll-20. *‥. ‥*. 2.0-2.5. 2.0-2.2. ＋. 15-18. 1.5-2.3. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. ‥*. *... ＋＋. ll,Shellthickness ＋. 12.Lustreofshell. *. *... ‥*. surface. C. ＋. 13.Spireheight. ＋. 14.Inflationoflast. 15.Numberof. ＋. ＋. ＋＋. 5. teleoconchvolutions. Present,. ＋. ＋. whorl. *. ＋. -. Absent,. ＋. Higher. 4..5-5. than. total. 4.5-6. mena,. 3-5. 5-7. -. Lower. than. total. mean.

(23) 44. T.. Table. 6.. S日IKAMA. Junctions. of. elements. taxa.. among. Taxa Saotomea. Musashia. NipPonomelon. Psephaea. Fulgoraria. Elements 1 2 3 4 5. 6 7 8 9. 10 ll. 12 13. 14 15 Number. of. 212-3. Junction. Degree. of Junction. 1-2-3. 1-4-1. 0-3-5. 3rd. 2nd. 4th. Ist. Generic continuity. Tbe. taxa. among are. writer. 2. as. the. shown. in. of A,. junctions. between. judges. Psephaea the. cerned,. 2 of. B. tinuity. between. Psephaea;. belong. preceeding There infrageneric are. more. and. to. eminent. following. a. genus.. junctions is. A. as. by. the. junctions, and. the. Pse-. is concerned,. B. as. the. junctiollOf. is made. the Musa-. There. Mudiscon-. generic. Nipponomelon as. treates. writer. are. between. as. well. them. to. ac?ording. Nipponomelon-Psephaea,. and. con-. followed. arrangement. Musashia. The. As. than. (Musashia＋Nipponomelon). that. mean. more. far. As. obsolete. is. far. eminent,. PsePhaea-Fulgoraria.. Saotomea. these. Fulgoraria). the. and. sashia-Nipponomelon. 0-3-5.. most. Saotomea-Musashia,. junction:. of. is most. junction Thus,. shia-Nipponomelon･. is. 2-2-3;. as. expressed as. shown. of taxonomic elements Musαshia there and. Nipponomelon-PsePaea. and. Nipponomelon-PsePhaea. be. to. junction. junction. Phaea-Fulgoraria. degree. are. Saotomea-Musashia. Musashia-Nipponomelon. the. 3 of C,. and. Fulgoraria. and. and discontinuity Between Saotomea. continuity Table 6.. as. and. (PsePhaea＋ in. shown. the. cha-pter. difference. tolerable. are. or. infraspeci丘c. intimately. related. of. categories. to. each. degree For other. in. the. instance. than. distinctness Fulgoraria. Musashia. and. the. among. and. PsePhaea. Nipponomelon.

(24) System. Evolution. and. of Japanese. 56. Fulgorarid. (56). Ht. Gastropoda. :. hamillei. 45. tosaensis,. 72. (6 5). fI.･ hamillei, 66. (6. 5). FhJgordrid. a. Da. R: Hs. (55). :. sinica,. 79. Y:. (65). Kh. 丁争. 57 63. 6o. 67. (43). yamamotoi, : kaneko. Ki:. 73. 也 3ヰ. daviesi,. rupestris, hamillei. 01. Ps叩hded. :. kaneko. K:. kaneko,. Hn. :. hamillei. Ex. :. exo♪tanda,. 56. (8o). (75. hayashii, hayashii. Mt: Me. I.. itoi. niPPonkaiensis. mentions, :. megaspira,. Cc:. concinna. corrugata,. Cr:. concinna. rosea,. 64. 62). ㊨. Ms:. masudae,. NiPPOnOme)on P. :. Ka 32. 65. ヰヰ. ど. b7. MusdShiq. 51. (4I). ヰ9 (47). Soo†omed. 52. 4J 1. Shi. 56. E:. elongata,. Hi:. hirasei,. 0. Dendrogram. salebrosa, magna,. cancellata, delicata,. :hノnOguChii, Cl: cJαrα, Sm:. 40. 5.. prevostiana. N. ‖OO). 【20. Text丘g･. M:. / ＼. l. 6o. angulosa, Preuostiana. 'J7. [4). kamakurensis,. S:. D:. (351. 59. :. A:. Ca:. 6ヰ. prevostiana,. smithi.. 之0. fulgorarids based on plaits･ columella the ver･ initial columella and plait numbers, tical situations of each species numbers their correspond columella plaits with line The the of last volution. numbers of horizontal vallle Of b/axlOO show mean The about of each melan number of y/Ⅹ×100, species･ of each shows species that in parenthesis a in and maximum value of of shows value a/maximum smithi.. The. numbers. of. vertical. of. line. show. recent.

(25) T.. 46. Table. 7.. Chart. Degreeof m†imocyof. of. intimacy. Sub二 specI･-Species. Form(】. Toxo†c)xcl. SHIKAMA. of. taxa.. Subqenusl. Genus. eS. r〕pes†ris hom川ei. ⊂). l. I. h.sinic(】. I_.... ⊂:) ○ ⊂p. h.nlPPOnk8iensis. ::⊃. t⊥. h.†os(】ensis exop†ondcl COnC‡nn(】. C.COrrUqOlq. ⊂】 i..._. (⊃ ー. く⊃ ⊂p. C.rose(】. :⊃. て⊃. koneko. し⊥. ⊂) ⊂⊃ q). ○. k.hoyqshii. I. ⊂】 j=. 鼓 U). ⊂Tl =). ∫. k.h.i†oi. tJ-. 1. C) リー. yomclmO†oi. 也) ⊂ (⊃ a. doviesi. ⊂〕 `￣つ. menfie【s. 亡 i._. qJ J=. meqOSPlrCl. ー. O. Z. prevos=clnC] 亡: ○. P.mClq〔O. q). E ⊂) ⊂. p.sc11ebrosc]. on_a. ≡. c)nquloscl kclmOkurens-1S. ⊂I. elonqc)†o. .上= ∽. ⊂コ tJ) =I. c(】ncellcI†c). ≡. hir(】sei U J=. Ul. ⊂〉. clor(】. l I. tJl =). ≡. 〔oquchii srni†hi. rod}. B昌. deJic(コ†0∝. I. 刀. ∫.

(26) Systerrl. species. are.. from. clara. them,. intimacy. and. and. while. Japanese. are. cousins. cancellata is. and. Ⅴ.. of. Recent. Voluta. 1817.. Fulgoraria. 1835-57. 1841.. 6,. pt.. 159,. p.. pl.. 丘gs.. ed.. 6, p.. 3464･. Nouv･. Syst･. Vers. &. Coq･. Test･･. 242･. p･. p1 46, pl･ 42,丘g･. viv･,. CHEMNITZ's. 2 formae. and. 5). 13, vol. Spec,. MARTINI. 22,丘gs.. SysI. Conch･. Cab･,. 1･ 5,. vol･. 5, 6.. KUsTER,. fulminata. Voluta. Nat.. KIENER,. KusTER.. fulminata. The. 1791). 10,丘g･. 3,4;Pl.. Essai. KUsTER,. fulminata. separated. them.. 9 subspecies. ruPestris (GMELIN,. Syst.. from. distanct. more. 19 species,. ScHUMACHER･. chinensis. Voluta Voluta. 1847.. GMELIN.. ruPestris. slightly. 7.. イナヅマヒタチオビ(Pl.9,丘gs. 1791.. is. 47. Species. describes. (Fulgoraria). Fulgoraria. Gastropoda. hirasei. and. are. smithi in Table. indicated. ln this chapter the writer the fulgorarid. Japanese. Fulgorarid. of. noguchii. taxa. among. Evolution. Conch･,. Thes･. SowERBY.. 1, p･. vol･. 209,. 50,. pl1. 51-53.. 1849.. Voluta. ruPestris. GMELIN,. REEVE.. 1869.. Voluta. ruPestris. GMELIN,. LISCIIKE,. 1882.. Fulgoraria. Voluta,. pl. 6, sp･ 14･ Conch･, vol･ 1, p･ 68･ 4, p･ 85･ pl･ 24, Conch･, vol･. Jap. Meeres TRYON･. (GMELIN),. ruPestris. Icon.,. Con.. Man.. 丘g.42.. 1961.. Fulgoraria pl.. 1963.. (s.s.) ruPestric. 35,fig.. Fulgoraria. versas. decussantibus,. 丘nely conch. Shell. anterior crenulated 3.5 volutions. with in. of nucleus. on. grooves outer. front in. subrhombic. with. Ill,. Shell. Jap･. 72,. p･ (ⅠⅠ),. costata:. elongata. 1abro. HoRIKOSliL. &. marglnatO,. Sell. lineas. costis. trans-. splra. multiplicata,. COlumella. Shell. papillari.” Characteristics:. and. testa. 〃V.. Description.･. subtiles. aplC. Call. SHIKAMA. (GMELIN), ru♪estris p. 97, pl, 80,fig. 3.. (s･s･) Ill. Col,,. World,. OrigL'nal. HABE･. (GMELIN),. 14.. thick.. weak. and. Dimensions. :. ones. There. strong.. axial. ㍗ pattern･ No. are. developed. weak,. greyish direction.. brown. In the. noticeable. in且ated,. and bout. ribs. surface ln. large protoconch and with low lip. Spire relatively and teleoleftwars inclination tendency the of thick,. angulated. Axial Shell. many;. 5. has. outline.. zigzag marking running formula 4･6･7･ 9 with anterior. outer. of. Shoulder. surfaces･. whorl lip very. portion Protoconcb. view.. general. sized,. medium. hence. many. 16 in. pe早ultimate. light. to. Columella last columella, variation. of. strong. posteior4 shape. is. radial whorl, brown. purplish. plaits. is. shell. distinct. and plaits. observed..

(27) 48. T.. Table′81. SHIKAMA. Dimensions. (in mm.). Sample. of. rupestris.. b/a. C. I).umber. Number ill. c/a. of. axial. 1. 61.8. 16.5. 28. 0. 0.27. 0.45. 15. 2. 73. 3. 17. 6. 33. 6. 0. 24. 0.46. 13. 3. 77. 0. 19.2. 35.7. 0. 25. 0.47. 15. 4. 100. 5. 26. 9. 43.7. 0.27. 0.43. 15. 0.26. 0.45. 15. Mean. From. Distribution.･ by. tained. the. Nowadays. west. coast. trawl丘sheries have. we. Anping,. at. information. no. Formosa.. of. Many. were. obFormosa.. Southwest. of this. occurrence. of. specimens. Kaoshiung,. ribs. whorl. -penul.. off Luzon,. species. PbilipplneS.. Fulgoraria. (Fulgo'raria)hamillei 8,丘gs.. イトマキヒタチオビ(Pl･ 1869･. Voluta. hamillei. GROSSE.. 1870･. Voluta. hamillei. CROSSE.. (CROSSE, 1869). 1-6,. Pl. 10,丘g.. Jour. Conch., vol. Jour. Conch.,.vol.. 17. p. 18,. 4). 278. 97-98,. pp.. 1,丘g.. pl.. 5, pl. 2,. 丘g. 1. 1882.. Fulgoraria. hamillei. TRYON.. (CROSSE),. Man.. Conch., ,vol.. 丘g. 41. 1931,. Fulgoraria Shell. .1934.. 丁ap.; Mom.. Fulgoraria. Mus.. 1959.. Fulgoraria. 1963.. Fulgoraria. Original. hamillei. KuRODA. ruPestris hamillei. (GMELIN), (CROSSE),. KIRA.. Description:. T.. 〟. long.. from. evanidis)･. spiram basi. vix. albido-fulvida incrassatus,. 156, diam. The. Fresh. Wat.. Ill. Shell. Nat.. Colりpl,. 112,. Lond.,. vol.. shell. Proc.. Mal.. Soc.. HABE.. &. 丁ap. Shell,. Ill. Cat.. Coll. Ill.ShellJap.,. Sel.. no.. 5,. 32, flg. 8.. p. 84, pl.. HoRIKOSHI.. Shell. World. illustrated and. Mogi,. striata, cameo-falvida, fulgurata ; splra undique. superaps,. ; columella. by. 1ongitudinaliter. crassa,. striglS paululum. ; sutura 1mpreSSa mentiente subirregularis, 2 1aeves, 1utei, prlmi sequentes papillares,. valde. 54 mill.. mediocriter. castaneis. attenuatus･･. versus. maj.. off Nagasaki. &. obsolete. numerisis. ultimus. nitida,. FuLTON.. SHIKAMA. fusiforml_S,. transversim. irregularibus,. subangulati,. simplex,. Land. Mar.. 1, p.. 98, 丘gs. 145-6.. aplCe papillam elongata, rOtundato, an fr 6 convexiusculi, embryonules. intus. Handb.. CROSSE,. (GMELIN),. plicato-costata,. striis. Cat. 47.. Japりp.. HIRASE.. ruPestris 7, 丘g. 3.. 31, pl.. Ill. ColりVOl.. et. Surv.. pl. 24,. 30.. Fulgoraria p.. undatis,. Geol.. (GMELIN),. ruPestris. (Fulgoraria). Voluta 24, p.. obtuse. Imp.. 117,. 丘g. 5.. 1940･. 1950.. YoKOYAMA.. (GMEI-IN),. ru♪estris. 4, p.. basin Apert.. CROSSE Nagasaki. subplanatus,. apertura. medio. sublaevis. oblongo･ subang?ste√′.. (cosis. elongata,. decemplicata, maculis 115 mill.. externus carlneola ; margo fusco-nigricantibus limbatus.-. 1onga,. corresponds. Prefecture.. with. 24 intus the. lata.”. form. now. on. ;. hand.

(28) System. Characteristics.･. ward. and so. not. Shell. Teleoconch. conch･. There. ruPestris･ Shell. Axial. surface. of. uniform 8, belonging are. others. ribs. with. Dimensions. distinct. many. smooth, deep. Shell. fusiform, In young when. Columella. 16-22. many. whorl. in light. and. interrupted. marking. strong;. and of the. plaits. becomes. large. with. smooth. on. grooves. and lustrous. plaits. Penultimate surface. lip thick,. radial. zlgZag. and. 49. proto-. inclined backshell, nucleus from front. Shoulder viewed. Outer. weakly. brown,. Gastropoda. thick. developed. moderately. colouration. to ∂ pattern. strong.. sized,. in rupestris.. as are. rather. brown. greyish. shell. angulated. crenulation.. large. Fulgorarid. Japanese. of. 4-5 volutions･ inclines leftward. with. in adult. much. Evolution. and. last when. smoother. without. and surface. penultimate. whorl. brown to. purplish by wider formula. columella, it lives near. bands 5. 5. 5. 7.. weak,. Sample. a. 9･. b. number. Dimensions. (in mm.) C. of. hamillei.. b/a. c/a. Numberofaxialribs inpenultimatewhorl. 1. 108.9. 39.4. 65.0. 0.36. 0.60. 18. 2. 71.0. 22.6. 32.8. 0.32. 0.46. 16. 3. 71.4. 20.8. 30.5. 0.29. 0.43. 16. 4. 78.3. 22.0. 33.8. 0.28. 0.43. 19. 5S. 78.5. 27.0. 36.6. 0.34. 0.47. 18. 6. 84.3. 24.5. 37.3. 0.29. 0.44. 17. 7S. 86.6. 26.8. 38.5. 0.30. 0.44. 17. 8J. 89.3. 23.8. 37.8. 0.27. 0.43. 20. 74.2. 18.8. 32.5. 0.25. 0.44. 20. 10S. 77.8. 23.2. 35.8. 0.30. 0.50. 17. ll. 85.4. 27.8. 38.2. 0.33. 0.45. 18. 12S. 90.4. 29.6. 42.0. 0.33. 0.46. 17. 13. 98.1. 32.0. 43.7. 0.33. 0.45. 14S. 91.5. 31.6. 41.7. 0.35. 0.45. 17. 15. 92.5. 27.8. 40.8. 0.30. 0.44. 19... .j9J. 16S. 102.4. 33.5. 47.7. 0.33. 0.47. 18. 17S. 104.7. 32.6. 45.6. 0.31. 0.44. 18. 18S. 107.4. 36.1. 48.0. 0.34. 0.45. 22. 19S. 109.4. 33.5. 46.5. 0.31. 0.43. 18. 20S. 110.3. 30.5. 48.6. 0･.28. 0.44. 20. 21S. 117.8. 31.7. 46.7. 0.27. 0.40. 20. 22S. 113.4. 33.5. 50.0. 0.30. 0.44. 17. 23. 104.6. 35.4. 46.8. 0.34. 0.45. 20. 24. 108.7. 34.3. 46.7. 0.32. 0.43. 18. 25. 111.2. 37.8. 48.3. o.34. 0.43. 16:. 0.31. ■0.45. Mean 〉. S:. Smooth,. ∫: Juvenile.. and. the coast.. :. Table. in. as. 18.

(29) T.. SHIKAMA. long. been. 50. This. Remarks.･. ♪estris by by. Japanese. lack. the. colour marking. bigber in this species. of. CROSSE. be. may. an. Nagasaki. Mogi,. and. slight. lustre､. hamillei. sinica. a. (Fulgoraria). Specimen. No.. 32. No.. of. Long･. 124o. Yangtze. in. exceedingly Axial. 4.5.6.7.8 of. from. East. by. ground Government. Kyusbu. the. and. China. Sea.. of the Depart(Lat. 31o 30′N,. the a. above-mentioned. mouth. the. of. little. species,. narrower,. low. and. in. brown colouration. and greyish like the shell of nipponkaiensis. 3).. part. illustrated. nov.. 307丘shing. no.. Islands,. to become. or. moderate. Table. (see. Got6. subsp.. YAMAMOTO. Japanese. with. in penultimate. plaits. the. Sea.. inclined. unsmootb lowISPired,. 14-19. ribs Columella. China Compared. in outline, rude,. the. East. Characteristics.･. surface. Forestry,. and. 30′E),between. River. variable. 26 obtained by by him from. obtained. Agriculture. ment. After inner. (Pl･8,丘gs･7,8). アライトマキヒタチオビ(節) Specimen. Amakusa-nada.. from collected The type. type. the. in. also. type.. off-shore. Fulgoraria. Type:. ru-. (b/a: 0.31).. 0ff. personal communication, Bay is very smooth with. Cbiziwa. Formosan. the. with. it is clearly from the latter separated lip crenulation, different pattern of columella plaits and lower in latter is Also the spire much (b/a: 0.26) and. by. Distribution:. confused. but. conchologists,. of outer. YAMAMOTO's. has. species. This. whorl,. rather. strong,. 7-12. type. may. less on. gradually. replace. are. shells. later.. described than. numbered last columella. Shell. spired.. Some be. to. and the. in. hamillei. is. formula. off-shore. type. hamillei. Dimensions. :. Table. 10･. Dimensions. (in mm.) Number. Sample a. b. C. number. b/a. c/a. of axial ribsin penultimate whorl. 26*. 114.5. 39.5. 50.8. 0.34. p･44. 27. 103.0. 34.3. 44.6. 0.33. 0.43. 28. 109.2. 28.9. 47.8. 0.26. 29. 103.3. 32.7. 43.7. 0.32. of. hamillei. sinica.. Number oflast. Locality. columella plaits. 19. 9. 0.44. 15. 10. 0.42. 16. 8. is. shell. SouthofE.ChinaSea. No,569(Lat.25o30'N,. Long･120o30′E) 30. 82.9. 24.9. 35.7. 0.30. 0.43. 15. 8. 31. 113.0. 33,0. 49.4. 0.29. 0.44. 17. 7. SouthofE.ChinaSea. 32*. 83.3. 27.4. 35.5､. 0.33. 0.43. 19. 9. No.307. 33. 55.6. 16.8. 26.0. 0.30. 0.47. 18. 8. No.275(Lat.32o30′N,. 34. 62.1. 17.2. 26.8. 0.26. 0.43. 16. 7. Long･126oE) No.463(Lat.28o30′N, Long1126o30′E).

(30) Systern. 35. 76. 1' 22. 9. 36. 75.0. 37. Evolution. and. of. Gastropoda. Fulgorarid. Japanese. 33. 9. 0.30. 0.45. 14. 7. 22. 7. 31.9. 0. 30. 0.42. 15. 7 8. 89. 9 20. 8. 40.4. 0.23. 0 45. 14. 38. 57.4. 15.7. 27.1. 0.27. 0 47. 14. 7. 39. 49.5. 12.4. 23.0. 0.25. 0. 46. 15. 12. 40. 50. 5. 12.1. 22.. 0.24. 0. 45. 16. 7. 0.29. 0.44. 16. 8. 9. Mean. 51. Middle. No.. E. China. of. Sea. 275. *Type.. Distribution:. This. immediately. north. South. and. Korea. Formosa,. of east. distributed. widely. mouth. (Fulgoraria). of. hamillei. Fulgoraria. (s.s). Specimen. TyPe:. No.. Characteristics: low. spired. and. distinct,. and. last may. rough colour. grades. Dimensions. In. surface.. being. 16-21. columella. formula low-spired. some. &. from. Sea, lsland,. China.. nov.. subsp.. HoRIKOSHI.. Set.. Shell. World. in. by. of. each. other. Axial. (see Table. 3).. and. sized, to. similar. Columella. whorl.. from. small. band.. uniform. penultimate. is 4.4.5.6.6. shell. it is rather. aspect. general. distant. form. hamillei,. Sea.. Japan. offTajima,. typical. interrupted. moderately. into. China. of Saisbu. (Pl.9,丘gs.1,2). ITO. the. with. strong,. columella;. by. marking. numerous,. few,. relatively. 1 obtained. in. River,. m'♪ponkaiensis. SHIKAMA. C占ossE,. East. 145-8.. Compared. Zigzag. rupestris.. hamillei. 1, p. 98,丘g.. lll. ColリVOl.. in south. Yangtze. the. ヒメイトマキヒタチオビ(新) 1963.. Ryukyu,. of. northwest. the. of. Fulgoraria. is. subspecies. about. This. ribs plaits 6. on. subspecies. sinica.. :. Table. ll.. (in mm). Dimensions. hamillei. of. nipponkaiensis. Numberof. Sample. a. b. C. number. b/a. c/a. apxelialltriiAsatienLocality whorl. 1*. 80.2. 25.0. 37.1. 0.31. 0.46. 16Tajima. 2. 89.5. 25.0. 39.1. 0.28. 0.44. 17Fukui. 3. 82.1. 25.0. 37.4. 0.30. 0.46. 20”. 4. 71.3. 20.2. 33.0. 0.28. 0.46. 21. 5. 69.5. 17.4. 32.1. 0.25. 0.46. 18. 6**. 92.5. 25.1. 41.4. 0.27. 0.45. Wakasa. Tajima 0ffHagi, YamaguchiPref.. Mean * **. 0.28. 0.46. Museum. in Eagi.. Type.. Stored. in the. Hagi. Provincial. 18.

(31) 52. T.. Distribution: southern. part. Sea,. along. as. living. It is known. 40-50f･. Prefecture･. deep, A･. Prefecture,. north. SロZ口MA. Toyama. from. the. Toyama. sand. Fulgoraria. with. hamillei 98,丘g.. eminent and in penultimate. Specimen. No･. 30. Compared. Yaegase. of. at. depth. andensis hitherto only. OTUKA.. of 40-100f. offFukui H. TAKAYANAGI in. 3 shells. Hagi,. have. Yamagucbi. been. obtained. hamillei. tosaensis. of. with. disturbed. not. whorl,. last columella, and is a southeastern species. CROSSE,. subsp.. nov.. (Pl･8,丘gs.9,10). SHIKAMA. &. HoRIKOSrII.. Sel. Shell. off southern the. typical. coast. Zigzag. of. hamillei,. colour. is. shell. marking. by. so. Miyazaki. of band.. and. rather. clearly. little smaller,. deep. brown. Axial. much uniform colour Columella or plaits moderate strong, formula is 5.7.8.8.9 (12) (see Table offset of hamillei. Prefecture.. a. very. ribs. 12･. nsuammbP!e,a. Dimensions. b. (in mm･) C. 1. 85.8. 23.9. 37.4. of. hamillei. 15-20 10-13. numerous,. This. 3).. from. separated. :. Table. World. 145-7.. from. brown･. orange. on. Dimensions. of. north. it is living. (Fulgoraria). (s.s). tint. Toyama. clayfloor. that. lll. Col., γol. 1, p.. Characteristics.･ a. in the. to. sandy. and ls)land,. トサイトマキヒタチオビ(新). Type･･. Yamaguchi. Bay.. Fulgoraria. 1963･. from. Turritella. says. It is distributed. rare.. coast. on. that. with. Prefecture. the. Misbima. of. Says. associating. Uozu,. is relatively. subspecies. Japan. of. Prefectures･ Bank,. This. SHIKAMA. tosaensis. Numberofaxial.ribs inpenultimatewhorl. b/a. c/a. 0.28. 0,44. 16 19. 2. 89.8. 25.9. 39.9. 0.29. 0.44. 3. 60.2. 17.4. 28.4. 0.28. 0.47. 17. 4. 61,2. 12.5. 26.7. 0.29. 0.44. 19. 5J. 49.8. ll.6. 21.5. 0.23. 0.43. 17. 6. 63.3. 15.0. 26.0. 0.24. 0.41. 16. 7J. 46.3. 8.9. 20.0. 0,19. 0.43. 19. 8. 69.3. 18.5. 30.2. 0.27. 0.44. 17. 9. 52.7. ll.9. 25.0. 0.23. 0.47. 17. 10. 58.1. 15.2. 26.8. 0.26. 0.46. 15. ll. 62.1. 16.2. 27.4. 0.26. 0.44. 17. 12. 69.3. 17.2. 32.2. 0,22. 0.46. 17. 13. 68.2. 20.0. 30.2. 0.29. 0.44. 17. 14. 68.3. 19.6. 28.5. 0.29. 0.42. 16. 15. 67.8. 20.0. 29.4. 0.29. 0.43. 16. 16. 56.7. 13.5. 24.4. 0.24. 0.43. 16. 17. 70.0. 17.8. 28.0. 0.25. 0.40. 16. 18. 65.3. 18.2. 32.3. 0.28. 0.49. 17. subit..