,/良

Systern and Evolution of Japanese Fulgorarid Gastropoda 113

∫‑‑一‑‑

∫‑■ヽ

/

′

∫

′ /

∫ l

I I I

∫

∫

ヽ

l 1 1

∫

84% ′′

′

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I

ヽ l

､ヽヽ l

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Tl.2

59･eMN

Text丘g･ 17･ Restoration of M･ (Musashia?)

kahnoi _sp. nov.on the _specimen from K6zabara, Mie Prefecture.

A

114 T. SI‑lIKAMA

Musashia

(NeoPsePhaea)

antiquior (TAKEDA, 1953) ヒトスヂヒタチオビ(Pl.13,丘gs,1,2)

1953. PsePhaea (NeoPsePhaea) antiquior ^TAKEDA･ Stud･ Coal Geol･, no･ 3, _p･ 59,

pl. 4,figs. i‑4, 10, _pl. 5,丘g. 7.

1953. PsePhaea (NeobsePhaea) antiquior TAKEDA, TAKEDAI Shinseidai no Kenkyu,

no. 4, _p. 12, pl. 4,figs. 20, 21.

1960･ Fulgoraria (PsePhaea) antiquior (TAKEDA), ^{OyAMA, MIZUNO & SAKAMOTO･}

Iu. Handb. Jap. ^{Paleog. Moll.,} p. 19, _pl. 16,figs1 3a‑d･

Holotype.I UH* Reg. no. 11110from UH Loc. no. T3‑1 (300m south of rail‑

way along lkusbunbetsu River, Mikasa City,

Hokkaido)1)･

Original Description ^{: " Shell} thin, moderate, but sometimes large, elongate fusiform; spire high and attenuated for half of ^total length; whorls 6

(apex broken),

slightly in且ated with sharp longitudinal

oblique plicae ^on early ^stage, producing ^a sbouト dered effect, but ^on bodywhorl sculpture diminish ing or represented by faint folding; the last whorl large, gradually narrowed toward end ^{; pillar with}

one oblique plate. Surface smooth ^{except for} rather ^rugose incremental lines, but when weath‑

ered ^out the meso‑layer shows ^many fine ^trans‑

verse striations. Plication ^on early whorls ^sharp

and distorted ^or slightly bent

(convex

^toward right) and weakening toward lower suture. Suture

obtuse. Number of plication 13‑14. Preserved

beigbt 63mm. Diam. of body ^whorl 19.5皿m.

ParatyPe: UH Reg. mos. 6591‑6598, 343, 3750, 3767.

Referred

^{specimen: A} shell

(GIYU)

^collected

by KANEI(0 from the tuぽaceous bed in the river cli庁 ^of Nakatsu River, Ocbiai, Kiyokawa･mura, Aiko‑gun, Kanagawa Prefecture. (Pl. 13, figs.

1,2)2).

Remarks: The referred ^specimen carries last and penultimdte whorls, small sized, slender and

narrow. Shoulder gently curved and middle of

last whorl vaulted. Axial ribs rather sharp and strong, running straight, and 15 in penultimate

′､一1●一l

トーJIJ

IL‑

‑

i

^‑

_‑r't

‑''＼

∫ /

∫

∫ l I̲

監護∃̀≡恕l

′J＋

′′′

g'′二番

質そ,ノ･'･･1. ,

6i3･･･J.≦考章

iJ･'･･･‑}

5tt=;･!5/.タ′

･'/r

聖教′′

Ltt/‑, _/

ヽ l

㌔

,I

tLttL:'.[i'

t,I,^{･ ′一′}

∫ /

′ / / /

∫ I

∫

∫

Textfig. 19. Musashia

(NeoPsePhaea) ^antiquior (TAKEDA), restored, ^{× 1.}

whorl. There may be ^one columella plait. In

general outline and ^{sculpture the} specimen corresponds ^with antiquior. This species is characterized by ^one columella plait ^on last whorl, small size,

* Department _of Geology _and Mineralogy, Hokkaido University.

1)北海道三笠市幾春別川

2)神奈川県愛早郡清川村落合(中拷川)

System and Evolution of Japanese ^{Fulgorarid Gastropoda 115}

low splre, Slender and ^narrow last whorl and shallow ^suture. As TAKEDA

referred, ^{it may} be rather related with smithi and ^an ancestral ^form of it.

But it must be ^{kept in} mind also that ^{in the} Poronai stage, there is seen

another large _sized type of ^nagaoi, which ^{is more} closely related with smithi.

GeologlCal Horizons: The Poronai formation; Oligo‑Miocene, D‑E. The Ochiai formation of the ^upper Tanzawa Group (the LePidocyclina bed of the Susugaya Subgroup) ; lower Miocene, Fl.

Musashia

(NeoPsePhaea?)

yanagidaniensis

(ARAKI,

¹⁹⁵⁹⁾ ソリヒタチオビ(節) (Pl･^13,丘gs･ 5‑8)

1959. Fulgoraria hirasei yanagidaniensis ARAKI. Trams. Proc. Pal. Soc. Jap., ^{n. s.,}

no. 36, _p. 165, pl. 18,丘g. 6.

1960. Fulgoraria hirasei yanagidaniensis ARAKI, ARAKI. Bull. Lib. Art Dept. Mie UnivりSpeC. _VOl. no. 1, pp. 104, 105, pl. 8,丘g. ^5.

Type specimen: A shell described by ARAI(I from the Kaisekizan bed _at Yanagidani, Misato‑mura, Age‑gnn, Mie Prefecture,1) _wbicb is stored in the

/

う

Text丘g. 20. Musashia

(NeoPsePhaea?) yanagi･

daniensis (ARAKI), ^re･

restored, × 1.

14 in penultimate whorl.

GeologlCal Institute, Mie University.

Original Description ^{: 〟} The present subspecies resembles Fulgoraria hirasei SowERBYfigured by SMITH (1942, _{pl. 10,丘g.} 78) in general features, but ^{can be} distinguished tberefrom by the ^nar‑

rower shell,more twisted canal, ^more narrowly

spaced longitudinal ridges which extend nearly

over the body whorl ^{as･ mere} striations, and by the concentric striae being apparently ^stronger.

Tbe curvature of the shoulder ^{is more} expanded.

Height about 71mm, maximum diameter of body whorl about 18mm.

･

Referred

SPecimens: ^Six _specimens (GIYU) bere illustrated and collected by S. YAMASHITA from the Kaisekizan bed at Yanagidani, Misato‑

mura. IGPS _cat. no. 72232 from the Miocene for‑

mation ^at Wami, Bats‑machi, Nasu‑gun, Tocbigi Prefecture.2)

Remarks: Shell small sized, ^narrow, slender and with four postnuclear whorls. Spire relatively low and last whorl ^eminent. Subsutural band absent ^{and suture} rather ^deep. Axial ribs ^acute and Columella _plait ^{one in last} whorl. There ^are developed

numerous radial striations. Canal ^is eminently twisted. With distinct radial

1) 2)

三重県安芸郡莫里村柳谷 栃木県那須郡馬頭町和見

116 T. SHIKAMA

striations this species stands rather ^apart from tenuis and antiquior ^group. If clara and noguchii ^group of Musashia is connected with tenuis‑qniiquior

group of Neopsephaea, the relationship between hirasei and ya7Wgidaniensis may be considered conveniently

though

^{the latter is} clearly distinguished from the former by smaller ^size, subsutural band absent, ^narrow and slender outline, twisted c.anal and less number of postnuclear whorls･

Geological Horizon.･ The Kaisekizan bed of the Ichishi Group; early Miocene, F2.

Musashia

(NeoPsePhaea)

^tenuis sp. ^nov.

アカツキヒタチオビ(新) (Pl.13,丘gs.3,4)

Holotype: GK‑L 6274 collected ^by UEDA from the Zoshuku sandstone of the Kishima GrotTp at Akagohama, Hario island, Nagasaki Prefecturel)･

Diagnosis: Shell small ⁱⁿ size, slender, fusiform and with low _splre.

Suture shallow ^and there is not subsutural ^band. Last whorl vaulted ^at middle and ^aperture relatively ^narrow. Surface of

whorl ^smooth and axial ribs relatively few and weak, about ll in penu･1timate whorl, gradually be‑

coming obsolete anteriorly. Tip of columella straight

and ^narrow. There _many be one columella plait.

Holotype ^is 73.8mm bigb as preserved, ^a: 66.2mm, C: 28.6×11.2mm, when restored about 26mm.

Remarks: This species is closely allied ^to anti‑

quior but is distinguished by more swollen last whorl, ^upp･er situation ^{of posterior end} of aperture,

narrower aperture, smooth surface and by more

obsolete and less number of axial ribs. This may be ancestral ^to clara‑noguchii ^group.

GeologLCal Horizon: The Zoshuku sandstone of the Kishima Group; late Oligocene, C‑D.

P1

.LL

′

● r

書

/,/I

/

∫

Textfig. 21. Musashia

(NeoPsePhaea) ^{tenuis sp.}

nov., restored, ̲× 0.55.

Saotomea delicata

(FuLTON,

¹⁹⁴⁰⁾

サオトメヒタチオビ Loc. °it.

1960･ L1;ulgoraria (Saotomea) ^delicata (FuLTON), ^{MACNEIL. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap.,}

no･ 339, _p. 97, _pl. 5,丘g. 1, _pl. 9,丘g. 6.

Fossi1 Occurrence: A shell of ^α

typer(USNM

^{562738) described} and illu‑

strated

(Pl･

^5,丘g.

1)

^{by MACNEIL from the Yonabaru} clay bed at Loc. 17445 between Sburi and Yonabaru, Okinawa lsland2). A shell of ^{α type}

(GIYU)

1)長崎県針尾島赤子浜 2)沖縄本島首里与那原間

System and Evolution of Japanese ^Fulgorarid Gastropoda 117

collected by KuNIKATA from the Takanabe ^formation at ^a valley of Yama‑

sbita, Takanabe‑machi, Miyazaki Prefecturel)･ ^A shell ^of

β

^{type (USNM}

562844)

^described and illustrated (Pl. 9,丘g.

6)

^{by MACNEIL from the Shinzato}

tufF bed ^at Loc. 17454, Asato, Okinawa lsland2).

GeologlCal Horizons: The Yonabaru clay bed and Shinzato tuffbed; Plio‑

cene, Hl‑2･ The Takanabe formation; lower Pliocene, Hl.

ⅤⅠⅠ. EvolⅦtion A. Pbylogeny

Althoughit

^is not ascertained whether ^{or not} NeoPsePhaea ^had _operculum, it may be assumed that the ^{taxon is a} subgenus of Musashia when ^{we see}

one columella plait ^{of last} whorl ^{and other features.} NeoPsePhaea ^{is an} extinct taxon closely related ^to Musashia ^or Saotomea, probably ^an ancestral ^group of the former･ 1t may be significant that nagaoi carries neither axial ribs ^nor radial striations although in _general aspect and ^other features it is situated very closely ^to smithi. In that respect nagaoi stands ^apart from the other species of Musashia. In late Oligocene nagaoi and ancestral ^group of Neo‑

PsePhaea ^were coeval with each ^other.

In future study ^{it may} be possible ^{to separate} smithi‑nagaoL ^group from the other species of Musashia ^{and establish a new} subgenus ^for them.

The position of Miopleiona is also rather ^{ambiguous, but seeing} its last columella, ^{the writer puts it into the} subgenus of Musashia. 1t _stands between the subgenera Musashia and Nipponomelon. The subgeneric ^positions of

fuji‑

motoi, ^{tdkunagal, Striata and} densicostata are not known _precisely･ In ^some respects such ^as axial ribs, ^{subsutural band,} columella ^{plaits and} general outline, they may have a small resemblance to MioPleiona. ^They perhaps may

be an ancestral group of Nipponomelon ^{or an} intermediate _group between ^it

and Miopleiona. In late Oligocene, fujimotoi _and ^two species of Miopleiona, weaueri ^and scowensis, ^were coeval ^{with each} other.

The lineages of fossil and ^{recent species are shown in} Table 36･ Many recent species ^can be traced back to early Pliocene,̀but in late Miocene they suddenly disappeared. Species concinna ^corrugata, prevostiana, A. magma and hirasei appeared in Miocene.

The _{number of recent species of} each genus in every stage is shown in

Table 37 and its percentage against all species of each ^{genus is} Table 38. ^The _percentage 100 shows ^{the entire} modernization ^of

in this point, Sabtomea became modern earliest in basal Pliocene;

became modern ⁱⁿ late Pliocene, PsePhaea _and Musashia in basal

indicated ⁱⁿ the group;

Fulgoraria Pleistocene and Nipponomelon ^{in basal} Holocene. That _{is to say,} extinct ^species survived

1) 2)

宮崎県高鍋町山下西方の谷 中縄本島安里

118 T. SHIKAMA

for the longest time in Nipponomelon. ^Recent species appeared ⁱⁿ late early Miocene

(FII2)

ⁱⁿ PsePhaea, Nipponomelon _and ^Musashia, of which the first and last ones were more distinctly modernized than NipPonomelon. This may correspond ^{with the} fact that Psei)haea ^is most closely related ^with l′oluti‑

1ithes of ^late Cretaceous‑Eocene and ^that Musashia is _very near NeoPsePhaea.

The ^both _{genera may} have a longer history

of lineage than in NL'pponomelon･

Generally speaking, Miocene fossils of Fulgoraria ^{are very poor} compared with those of PsePhaea.

Althoughin

Southwestern Japan Miocene sediments of depth _with fulgorarid assemblage ^{are not} developed,

Fulgoraria became distinct in Holocene. Despite the hamillei group in recent age, its fossil occurrences ^are

extinct ^{species of} Saotomea is recognized; delicata is ^a

it may be said ^that wide distribution of almost unknown. No

solitary and ^conser‑

vative species; ^{the genus} did not give ^a clear speciation ^{as seen} in the other Table 36. Geological distribution of northern fulgorarids･

Oliqocene Miocene P[iocene Pleis†o‑

Gene Holocene

CD E F卜2 F5 G Hl H2 IJ K

shu†oi

oshiyo^ensis

/ .J̲̲

I̲1I一一‑

/ / / //

/ / ,j̲̲̲

SlnZlenSIS

rupes†ris ｢1

⊂ 11⊃

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a

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(′I )

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⊂)

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sikoensis

h.†os.

h.nlPP.

hンS,Ln.‑一

■■‑‑‑‑I‑I‑

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exop†ondcl rTleqCISPlrC]

yc!mclmOToi k(】nek〔) k.hc)yoshii

/ / / /

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/ /

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System _and Evolution _of Japanese ^Fulgorarid Gastropoda

conceHcl†0

119

′

/

fujJmOToi

ヽ ヽ

＼

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卜

†okunogol

densicos†o†o

sTrio†o

? ー一⊥一

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ヽ

＼

＼

＼

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indurcl†o

ヽヽ

hir(】sei k(】nnoi

ー‑‑

ー‑メ

o∩†iqu10r

OOJ

hyuqQenSis

T●‑ー‑ ^‑I

†o†omlenSIS

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smifh'r

derico†Q

≡

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O

=〉

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genera. But if Neopsephaea was provided with opetculum, it and Saotomea may become congeneric and delicata _may correspond with ^a dwarf type sprung from larger sized ancestral group･ Be that as it may, the writer is golng tO regard that PsePhaea _and Musashia ^are mother lineages or stems of fulgorarid and ^that the latter is rather related with ^the American Miopleiona.

A lineage ^from a species ^to another species is

rather di&cult to ascertain.

Especially in fossil specimens of Oligocene and Miocene, _many important features of shells ^are impossible ^to observe･ From a mere assumption based upon general ^{outline of shells,} axial ribs, subsutural band, teleoconch volutions and last columella plaits, the writer judges ^{them as} _shown in Text fig. 22. The following lineages may be important; from shutoi ^to hamillei

(intraspecific

evolution happened ⁱⁿ early

Miocene),

^from matsuureTLSis ^to conctnna ^corrugata (dittoin early

Miocene),

^{from tessellata to dauiesi} (ditto ^{in late}

Miocene),

^from

miiensis ^to elongata (dittoⁱⁿ _early

Pliocene),

^from

fujimotoi

^to tokunagai

(ditto

in late Oligocene), from kannoi to hirasei

(ditto

in early

Miocene),

^from tenuis

to yanagidaniensis ^or antiquior (ditto ^{in late} Oligocene), from hyugaensis to clara‑noguchii (ditto in early,Pliocene) and from nagaoi ^to smithi

(ditto

ⁱⁿ

middle Miocene), etc. As

far

^{as these} intraspeci丘c deviations are concerned, early Miocene is the most distinct stage of speci丘c replacement, and late Oligocene and early Pliocene ^are ranked next. Modernization of ^species also Started from early Miocene, so that early Miocene was ^a very slgnificant age

120 T. SflIKAMA

Palaeogene Miocene Pliocene･pl

eisto･

ene HoIQCelle

EarlyMid.Late lEarly LateC

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h.St

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fI.A."

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■‑I megaipilra

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