クヤキウスのObservationes et Emendationesについて（一）

(1)

クヤキウスのObservationes et Emendationesについて（一）

その他のタイトル On the Observationes et Emendationes of Jacques Cujas (1)

著者岡徹

雑誌名關西大學法學論集

巻 61

号 3

ページ 874‑845

発行年 2011‑09‑30

URL http://hdl.handle.net/10112/6544

(2)

へギ+心 K Q

Observationes

et

Emendationes

旦でこ ¥‑.J (1)

匿

華

←) (N) (M) ~,rサ,:-,

K Q 瑯釦 Observationes et Emendationes 旦 0 ::, ¥‑‑)話茶苺湮 ⇒ 北垢令如愉唇己心゜

蒜く抱踪 l 煽゜

Synopsis quid sit, acta, cista. CAP. I.

(..,;,) (u‑,)

＿．ヽキサ令 k 竺挙尽旦 SYNOPSIN Q 晦虹勾

J

愉唇立リ韓眩紐=‑‑'立晦叫呂晦和埒炉

J叫如把渠,.̲)

¥J

勾心゜

lj¥ I

卜，ヽ晦 QEEE 坦 Q 翠刈 ⇒ げ誤忌旦,. ¾Q~

似如忘

EEE ,.̲;

\J~t{cl゜

I. 5. § . requirat. D. de reb eorum qui sub tut.

・・・

requirat ergo necessarios pupilli vel parentes vel libertos aliquos fideles vel quern alium , qui notitiam rerum

ヽキャ

,t‑‑t< Q

Observationes et Emendationes

旦

0:.1‑‑‑'( 1)

(<や回）

(3)

翌坦綜-1(1~111a~r-,11

( <早

111)

pupillarium habet, aut, si nemo inveniatur aut suspecti sint qui inveniuntur, iubere debet edi rationes itemque

(<.O)

synopsin bonorum pupillarium, advocatumque pupillo dare, qui instruere possit praetoris religionem, an adsentire

venditioni vel obligationi debeat. (}L‑

薬逆湮旦弓

t{il)

米冤恭そ神 Q 宰涯 Qtm 抵 (synopsin bonorum

pupillarium)如~~

伍か望瞑謬母心 J 刈茶病全兵ド祖

s;,.,.;t6~,.

咲

(t‑‑‑) (00) 笞痣湘lQ宰迦釘t寿苺(venditio)~t-0::,

竺瞑ぺ兵 (obligatio) 旦匡憮糾"' '、〈枷全旦 0 ::,

\.J共葉担IQ-III'.{令(religio)~~

(m) (臼）

1 恰 ‑¥m t‑0 (instruere) > J

AJ

Q や枷心醤臣 (advocatus) 如咲至萎祁 l 旦叶沢心寄ぐ口 Q>J 叫茶痣全菜 ¥.J ::, t‑0 ゜

(;::::) 吋JJ菜旦翌~,....)

¥‑‑',

,t:¥

ギ廿令 k 竺＇酬恕 V alentinianus Q 毎坦 (constitutio) 如把崇,....) ¥‑‑':,

!‑0

゜勾訊侶択茶把 1 知和

兵¥‑‑':,

!‑0

全廷旦送宦湮や終二茶, ¥,Q~ 柊奴や竺終二全 4

日

q,r‑

0 ,t:¥

ギ廿令メ竺 'synopsin = brevis 刈禅ペ¥‑‑',

玲!‑0::.

竺'

"'"fl -~

や迂終"‑/ ¥‑‑'如匡 Dp,¥‑ 国や悧唇 D,r‑i‑0 臣箋刈,....) ¥‑‑', 痣苔如幽菩 ⇒ ¥‑‑':, 心礼華華

1""'!‑0

゜

Imppp. Valens Gratianus et Valentinianus AAA. ad Fortunatiano comiti rerum privatarum. Inter chartulas

confiscati brevis quidam adseveratur inventus, qui nomina continebat debitorum seu contractorum. 1. Cum tamen

neque testibus credita pecunia probaretur neque cautionibus ea quae brevi inserta sunt ostendantur, iniquum esse

(;'.:;)

perspeximus, ut sub propriae adnotationis manu unusquisque faciat debitorem. 2. Occasionis igitur huius calum‑

niam praesenti volumus iussione cohiberi, ut brevis vanitate reiecta nullus ad redhibitionem de his, quorum nomi‑

na conscripta sunt, urgeatur . 3. Quod et in aliis similibus causis observandum esse censemus. [a. 377] ( f‑ 葉竺室

旦吋心）

(4)

リQ~侶以QZL~~晦峯茶封や~t-0゜

Unter den Papieren Jemandes, <lessen Vermogen eingezogen worden war, wird zwar angegeben, sei auch ein

ぼ）

solches mitgefunden worden, welches die Namen von Schuldnern enthielt,

……(}L--薬送匿旦吋~)

リ

0 峯似 Q

solches旦¾Q坦茶埒心゜

,,,,,

(::::)

,,Brevis, s. Cujac. ad h. l. u. Goth. ad Cod. Th. X . 16. 3. es ist etwa ein Manual, Strazze."

リリ旦ヽギ廿令KQぶ喋~t{d゜ぼ）(;:;) 悌北,.

Papieren

U坦忘~

~,. Chartulae sc. domesticae.

A.!

犠謬菜 y::,

t{d゜11'I

ド遣誕択 Ql

1

疵晦エ和

J兵や玲心゜図

J. F. Niermeyer &

C.

Van de Kieft / ]. W. J. Burgers, Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus

Q

brevis

以送,.> J > J

や縄

コふ~y::,t{d

榔遠廷注屯窓茶翠たふ菜 y::,

t{d

゜

の一ー・へギ廿令

k

迂,,~::--ぶヤ晦A.JQ巨逃p'¾-,U.

acta

Q晦旦1]11IT

忍怜 l‑0 ° acta

Q醤翌庄姿憾Qぷ"'..L~旦炉皿む炉

::, l‑0 ( 担揺）゜

ヽギ廿令K

竺来以差＇＇〈.;..!

A.)匡

⇒

吋か旦"

synopsin = brevis = acta

Q溢坦印窪否...J~::,心4楽改心リ4茶や枷心刈ぽ）

認

I'0

… Nam quod ad synopsin pontium pertinet. Sic alij auctores act

ぉ，

vocabulo quasi latino vtutur passim.

心へギ叶

‑t'‑K

茶攀 ::, ~::, l‑0 ゜

ぼ）

Lewis and

Short如工~~冷心心,,

.;..!

刈•K迎Tac.

A. 5,

4茶菜迂士ふ辛~::,

l‑0 ゜

ヘギ廿令KQ

Observationes et Emendationes

旦0:‑t.J(l)Ill

( <ギ

11)

(5)

窒坦配＜戸胞111rr)t>

（忌

悩心 'Heumann / Seckef

翠炉ふ砂知澤奴瞬睾叫詑諷

゜

（図）

Scaevola li bro vicesimo sexto digestorum 臣 ( <ギ

1)

Def endente

tu

tore pupillus condemnatus ex contractu patris accepit curatorem. inter quern et creditorem a eta

（斜）

facta sunt apud procuratorem Caesaris infra scripta. Priscus procurator Caesaris dixit:'faciat iudicata ' Novellius

（葛）

curator dixit:'abstineo pupillum'. Priscus procurator Caesaris dixit: ' responsum habes : scis, quid agere debeas'.

（芯）

quaesitum est, an secundum haec acta adulescens a bonis patris absentus sit. respondit proponi abstentum. (}L‑ 葉

述匿以吋~)

リQ~

似竺,

¾Q知区終憮遠舒打的゜

悉誤‑< ( tutor ) 辺坦要や菜心咲怪痣湘

I

( pupillus ) 茶＃榔写恙翠心北゜や

謬年＇約暉鱈露琴詞醒

A.)

1"'~

如Qゃ~.$;\,~Q屎料娑廷辛送-<

(curator) 旦虻氾土器茶菜¥‑):,

化学起-<A.J迄送神0至や'¾旦，倒"(~

知で旦

丑雌EQ~囲-<Q如叫P'国抵(acta)茶辻ふ兵~o孤料翠起荊-<0゜f"\:::--一K~K竺1]11tI0

ば「咲笞恭湘屯弄恙ゃ菜北

叫J

1'0 糾ヒ足

K

(faciat iudicata) 」刈゜苓起

‑<0ヽ令叶;‑‑.:::‑‑↑k

竺

l]lltI0~,

「話迂咲冤萎押如正黍益迦全ふ忌ミ蓑ヤ ( abstineo

pupillum)」刈゜田雌琴起囲-<0·r---:::---t<~

凡廷

l]lltI0 .

江「埒終北送堂数吟渫：

0

¥‑)勾心゜埒終北迂写如終怜 ''( 枷全如振

0¥‑):,

~ ( responsum habes: scis, quid agere debeas ) 」

4

゜封応

J

叫茶臣兵兵心

0J)

Q 揺抵旦吋兵迎'

（忠）

染神竺, (x.,

Q益迦合詞判ゃ士ふ菜心‘〈枷全勾A応全’心゜架や土ふ兵肉心栂ぺふ菜~-、〈枷＇製’刈堂災p,_)~0 リリゃ竺＇茜裔活旦将:t~<-4坦淫抵茶翌縄ゃ兵\-):,~ ゜R一牛一＼く0~~迂¾Q1t(""旦岩苔1"'~

゜ ,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,, Protokol 「 d . 1ert wer en m der Prinz1patsze1t zunachst nur die Entschedungen; erst spater auch die Verhand‑

(6)

ぼ）

lungen, vermutlich nach dem Vorbild der hellenistischen Provinzen.

（芯）

1‑P ‑4

;\J入(St両虚囮竺リ〇室袈如訃匿0~~炉

が..

Bei den Rechtsgelehrten der Kaiserzeit sind die acta <las Protokoll ; so erklart in einem solchen (Vat. fr. 112)

der Munincipal den Parteien: sermo vester in actis erit, er wird zu Protokoll genommen, und Aussage apud acta ,

啜）

unter protokollarischer Aufnahme, findet sich haufig …. "

（自）ふ?‑‑lf'¥ー＼や!'‑‑.."~ 如acta闘起l]IIII忍,..J~~~

゜

,, .. Dagegen stand ihnen die Befugniss zu, tiber Rechtsgeschafte auf Antrag der Betheiligten ein Protokoll (ges ‑

ta, acta) aufzunehmen und sie dadurch zu beglaubigen : was mit der Zeit zu einem wichtigen Organ der iur i sdic‑

tio voluntaria wurde ."

臣ゞヽ疇 g 醤 0 疇迂叩諷鱈 acta Q 晦訊謡疇畔叩琴巳゜

～一吋坦銅位埓苓Q~苺以将±:‑l{o

acta 旦 0:,¥..1 0

ヽギ廿令K竺＇悉恙粧式苓e奴慨•以如1]11匹ふ叶J:,l'{o

゜

o}'\~

一 i

卜入1トヽか

K ( A r ure ms Clemens Prudentms )

以

0 ̲;:, ¥J ゜

厄）（怨）（箆）（苫）

Prudentms contra Synmmacum. Inuenit expositu secreti in littoris acta

刈へギ廿令

k 竺嚇皿 :, ¥J:,

心゜

リ

Q 示圧ゃ菜 ¥J:,

l'{oギ入1卜，ヽ

K Q<J 曲辻如誤 ¥J

r{l{o

゜

hoc circumsaltante choro temulentus adulter invenit expositum secreti in litoris acta corporis egregii scortum,

ヽキ廿{'t<Q

Observationes et

Emendationes旦0:,~(1)

ば( <や

0)

(7)

巨坦配く1~ll]n)t>iく(<~く~)

（埒）

quod perfidus illic liquerat incesto iuvenis satiatus amore. (}L‑

薬迂匿旦11‑0)

（箋）

H. J.

Thomson旦吋炉J菜尉料釜廷封や~l-0゜

With this company dancing around him the tipsy adulterer finds abandoned on the sands of a lonely shore a mis ‑

tress passing fair, whom a faithless young lover had deserted there when he tired of his unclean passion.

(}!‑薬将弓

'6-¾

廿迂室旦吋心）

リ Q 寄ぐ口旦社 'synopsin = brevis = acta P 竺終 ‑v'synopsin

キ

acta P 玲心゜共徳丑王晦や終二゜

リ兵茶ヽギサ令

k

茶走母王隠旦式苓

QI)¥I

卜，ヽ哩旦

l]ilII

忍怜心苺や

.;4;l‑0

゜

へギサ令 K

迂,.

l't1 Q 等 Q‑< 蓉 Q 瑯祟零如批去¥‑‑‑'::.

¥‑0

茶令回竺紅菩怜心゜

（お）~-‑t:'¥

ギ.¥‑¥‑

t'‑

K 竺,

> J

菜

,.,.§J*';::',

入キ晦旦巨剖

1"'l‑0

cista Q 晦旦 0::,

~ 漣0~::,l-0゜¾Q~長以茶示王や菜~:,

心゜

1. 1. § . si cista . D. depos .

Si cista signata deposita sit, utrum cista tantum petatur, an et species comprehendendae sint ? et ait Trebatius

cistam repetendam, non singularum rerum depositi agendum: quod et si res ostensae sunt et sic depositae, adi‑

ciendae sunt et species vestis. Labeo autem ait eum qui cistam deponit singulas quoque res videri deponere : ergo

et de rebus agere eum oportet. quid ergo si ignoraverit is, qui depositum suscipiebat , res ibi esse? non multum

facere, cum suscepit depositum. ergo et rerum depositi agi posse existimo, quamvis signata cista deposita sit. ( ¥L‑

葉述室旦~t-0)

(8)

5 考える ︒ クヤキウスは︑

クヤキウスは︑

L

ar gu me nt

§o . .

mundus•

D .

ed a u r o

&

a r g .

を引用している︒

( 4 6 ) ( 4 4 )

l

mu nd us mu li en e s

s t ,

qu o m u l e i r m un di or fi t : c o n t i n e n t u r e o

s p e c u a ma tu ae un gu en ta a v s a n u g u e n t a r i a e s i t qu sa i m i l i a d i c i p

o s s u

t n ,

v e l u t i l a v a t 1 0 r i s c

u s .

m a r g a r i t

a ,

qu am u m l i e r e s h a b e r e s o l e

n t ,

r e t i c u l a y f a c r o c

n t i a

.

私

( 4 1 )

l i I u u s P o l l u

0

x

が著書の第七巻および第一

巻においてこれに関連することを書いたと指摘している

︒

こつ︑て

クヤキウスの

O b s e v r a t i o n e s e t

Emendat10nes~,..;,

( 4 0 )

( 1 1 ウルピアーヌス︶

は

ヽ

ら問題ではない ︒

( 3 8 )

トレバーティウスは︑箱だけが請求され︑中の個々の物は請求されないと言う

︒ しかし︑物が開示されて︑それが

箱に入れられて寄託された場合には︑それらの個々の物︑例えば着物

( 3 9 )

ラベオーは︑箱を寄託したときは︑箱の中の物も寄託したのであるから︑それらについて訴訟がありうると言う︒

しかし︑箱の中に何か入っているということを知らずに寄託したらどうなるのか

︒ その者は︑寄託したのであるか

これに対して︑

れるのか？もし︑封印された箱

(c i

s t a )

この条文の意味は︑

(

‑

︶

それゆえ︑閉じられた箱が寄託された場合でも︑個々の物の寄託訴訟がなされうると

or na me nt or um a h e c : v i t t a e m i r t a e s e m i m i t r a e c a l a u t i c a a

c u s c um s i c u t e t u m l i e r p o t

e s t e s s e m un da

, n

on a t me n o r n a ,

( v e s t i s )

が寄託された場合︑箱だけが請求されるのか︑

おおよそ次である︒

七

︵八

六八

︶

が請求されうると言う︒ それとも中に入っていたものも請求さ

(9)

そこでドイツ語訳であるが︑ ると考えてよいのかもしれない︒

Wa ts on

絹英

訳は

︑

料 ︑ 香料瓶 ︑

その他類似の物︑

He um an n ¥ S e c k e

l

で

は

B a d e g e s c h i r r

という訳になっている

︒

Wa ts on

編英訳では︑

me nt o f r t h e ba th

で土

3

る ︒

l a v a t i

0

の語の検討はここでとめて︑次に

r i s c

u s

を見てみる ︒

クヤキウスが

c i s t a 11

箱との関連で

r i s c

u s

を論じているとすれば︑

私には分からない ︒

eq ui pm en t f o r t h e b at h [ o r ] a c h e s t

と

つゎ

5

が

っている

︒

⁝

un d w

as es o s n s t d em ah n l i c h e s g i b

t ,

wi

e W

a s c h t i s c h e

.

と

なっており ︑

r i s c

u s

が一体となて

W

っ

a s c h t i s c h e

と訳されているように考えられる ︒

そうだとすると︑

W

a s c h t i s c h e

に何らかの箱

という意味があるかどうかが

r i s c u s

の語との関係で問題であると思うが︑ ︐

chtis c

he

に出がついているが︑ 私には簡単に扱える内容でないので︑次の文献に依拠しておくとすると︑

l a v a t i o

は ︑

この

l a v a t i o r i s c

u s

が問題である ︒

およ

び ︑

女性の化粧道具は︑

ある ︒

その方向で理解しなければならないと考える ︒ たとえば

l a v a t i o r i s c u s

である

︒ それによって女性がより綺麗になるためのものである︒ この条文の意味を見てみる︒ この条文が引用されているのは︑

s

om no t s a t i m o r n a t

a ,

no n t am en o c nm un da ta

.

関法第六

一巻

︱︱一号

( 4 8 )

やはりギリシャ語に関連する

r i s c u s

︵下線は岡による

︶

(r i

s c i )

an d o t h e r

ドイツ語訳の

Wa

s,

と．

l a v a t 1 0

これは

ac

h e s t

を衣類の箱と訳してい

八

ミ

︑

V

︑

ÀJ

こ

t/I

これに含まれるのは︑鏡︑

t a ,

u t o l s e t c o n t i n g e r e n i h i s

, q

ua e s e e mu nd av er in t l o t a e i n b a l n e

o n

eq ue e s o r n a v e r i n t : e t c o n t r a s t e a l i q u a ex

︵八

六七

︶

．

eq mp

'

洗面鉢︑香の語にクヤキウスが注目するからで

(10)

items associated with the bath or the dresser

A.l終心茶,J

はか竺＋令旦車怠牛昇 ‑l

A.)~ がい叫送終ふ終二や~i-0,00

（呂）

土菜勾 ‑‑4)'Bruce W. Frier and Thomas A. J. McGinn, A casebook on Roman Family Law 竺令全̲:;;;,.

~1"'今遁函

,0Qp 石モ 1"'t‑0 ゜

… certain items that belong to the husband may, during the marriage, be effectively under the wife

'

s control.

We learn about such property mainly from legal sources interpreting wills in which husbands leave their wives

some or all of this property, sometimes described as

"

things acquired for the wife's use" (uxoris causa parata)".

Other sources discuss toiletries (mundus: see Ulpian, D. 34. 2. 25. 10, who mentions mirrors, jars, perfume bottles,

and other items associated with the bath or the dresser), jewelry, clothing, furniture (supplex: see D. 33. 10),

kitchen stores (penus; see Ulpian, D. 33. 9. 3 pr. : "things for eating and drinking"), and so on. …" (p. 126.)

←)，,

Der hervorragendste Vertreter dieser Rich tung ist Jacob Cujas

(1522

bis

1590),

der nicht nur immer neue vorjustinianis‑ che Rechtstexte ans Licht zieht, den Pandektentext emendiert und justinianische Uberarbeitung aufdeckt, sondern vor allem auch die in den lnskriptionen der Pandekten mumifizierten klassischen J uristen dadurch wieder lebendig werden zu !assen versucht, dass er ihre Fragmente aus den Pandekten herausfischt und in ihrer mutmaBlichen urspriinglichen Reihen‑ folge kommentiert

.

……" (Detlef Liebs, Romisches Recht,

6.

Aufl., Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht,

2004,

S.

112￡.) (N)

IACOBI CVIACII I.

C.

PRAECLARISSIMI

,

OBSERV A TIONVM ET EMEND A TIONVM LIBER XIIII. Quibus multa in lure corrupta & non intellecta restituuntur

.

Nunc primum in vnum volumen congesti, & in lucem editi. Accesser‑ unt pr

ぉ

terea Indices duo copiosi

,

Legum vnus, alter verborum & rerum, sententiarumque insignium. Coloniae Agrippinae, Apud Ionnem Gymnicum, Anno M. D. LXXIIII. Cum gratia & priuilegio C

ぉ

s. Maiest

. (

M

)

"ses Observationes et emendationes, en dix‑huit livres, ou ii eclaire et souvent retablit d

'

innombrables passages des lois et

ヽキ廿f¥K 0

Observationes et Emendationes

旦0:.¥J(l)

‑R

(

<‑1(‑1()

(11)

室坦探Kl~11\a\t'

'. 0 ( <i

くば）

des auteurs latins ; …"

(A

Esmein, Cours elementaire d'histoire du droit franc;ais, Paris, 1905, p.

770.)リ0舶套Q~姦廷

知Fや母硲全゜

（寸）亜瑯旦廷臨1l屈藝終二゜ (I.!))

A Latin Dictionary (Lewis and Short, Oxford at the Clarendon Press)

以

synopsis

茶母1‑{dO

"…… a general

v

iew

,

a list

,

synopsis

:

pupillarum bonorum, Dig

.

27, 9, 5,§11."

位）

""One below the age of puberty (impubes) who ceased to be under the power of his father by the latter

's

death or through emancipation" (D. 50

.

16. 239 pr.)" (Adolf Berger

,

Encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman Law, Philadelphia, 1980.)

(

c‑‑

)

Matte LESNE‑FERRET, Du gage a l'hypotheque generale a travers le vocabulaire d'un cartulaire languedocien(XII

竺

xn1

e

si

如

les): Etudes d'histoire du droit prive en souvenir de Maryse Carlin, Preface de Maurice Quenet, Contributions

厄

unies par Olivier Vernier

,

Michel Bottin & Marc

0叫

ani, Laboratoire ERMES Universite de Nice‑Sophia Antipolis, Pari

s,

2008, p

.

581

‑

p

. 591~\\鹿0

Heumann

/

Seckel, Obligare 3

. (

oo

)

Heumann

/

Seckel, Religio, 6) Gewissenhaftigkeit, ins bes. in Erftillung der Amtspflicht, richterliches Gewissen.

> J Q~ 似如示正や菜¥J:̲., 1‑{d

゜

(

o,

)

Heumann

/

Seckel, Instruere 1) e) Auskunft geben, unterrichten, belehren.

> J Q~ 柊択デ示王や＃匹心゜ぼ）王語峯=

Beistand

(窯澤・~~ば冨

・M. Robert Schneider

/ C.

E. Otto). Heumann

/

Seckel

,

advocatus

=

Rechtsbeistand, Sachwalter, Anwalt.

> J

Q

緑拭旦

0:.‑,

立却砂眉挙綜ギ共覇]n

姪

es¥l!Il($産゜ (

:=:

)

& in costitutione quadam Valentiniani, vt synopsis operis construendi fideli tendatur examine in 1.5

.

pro breui descrip‑

tione bonorii pupillarium, ・・ …・ . ,,,,,,,,

（臼），，

Urkunden gewinnen in dieser Periode hohere Beweiskraft als Zeugenaussagen

"

(Max Kaser

/

Karl Hackl, Das Romische Zivilprozessrecht, C.H. Beck

'

s

c

he Verlagsbuchhandlun, Mtin

c

hen

,

1996

,

S. 600

.

)

ぼ）築笛：釦く痢回1巨賦[

Carl Friedlich Ferdinand Sintenis]

ほ）

Anm. 20.

(~)

Anm

.

19

.

(12)

ぼ）

Chartula

竺

Heumann

/

Seckel

ゃ竺

=charta 豆 Gai. II, 77.

I.

13 C. 8, 53

. I.

5 C. 10, 2

茶忘庄や菜叫心゜

「早十ギ写-<旦ド如t+,Q薬メ竺将艇華旦烈＋譴砂心心心枷迂駆環茉如~\J:¥!) ,s;;‑心如菰口昔送

i

忌4匡

1 0

州鞣旦袖ぶj出旦圏

7"'A.l

Q眺萎1{咋,s;;‑,写心終兵辺烈＋送薬区送将艇薬Q~深蓉¥兵迎終,s;;-'条捻~A)如芸Q叡叫案\--'-4J£ft,旦

....J¥‑‑'

共犠lil塩雫v送井艇華如脳栄⇒匡や釦帥e瞑庄如似*:\!)和心旦案ド送芸曲送澁避e蕊牛如~\--'t>r以凶芸ヤ心JAl如感゜」（桜函者茫饗芯坦眺．徊造痘111活涎翌『矢ーヤ令k翠眼坦淀痣~\至』恕回謎圧紺.+<玉+111~・

1

回早冨゜う惑杜如

l

活恥丈心0)

I.

13 C. 8, 53.

lmpp. Diocletianus et Maximianus

..

1A. et CC. Uraniae

.

Si aliquid per epistulam donatum tibi probetur, brevitas chartulae donationi, si haec recte facta probetur, nihil quicquam derogat. [a. 293]

(

¥L‑

薬竺室以弓

t{o

)

1.5 C

.

10, 2

[溢モi1

属］

Imppp

.

Valens Gratianus et Valentinianus AAA

.

Fortunatiano comiti rerum privatarum. Inter chartulas confi

s

cati brevis

d

quidam a severatur mventus, qm nomma continebat debitorum seu contnactorum.

……

[a

.

377]

(¥L‑薬投室旦吋!{o)

(~)

Brill, Leiden・Boston, 2002.

（竺）

Dieter Simon, Untersuchungen zum Justinianischen Zivilprozefl, C.H. Beck

'

sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Mtinchen

,

1969, s . 227￡￡.

$匪~Christian

Gastgeber (Hrsg

.

), Quellen zur Byzantinischen Rechtspraxis, Verlag der Osterreichschen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, 2010.

翁産゜

ぼ）「罰営QI~~紺旦’叶11心k・全Kl卜--.:-~K刈~;吋押茶血心゜‑Rr-\キ全会忍1呉荊紺證膏抵辻器~u出ぐ号や菜\--1~心

e

ゃ

……」（囲基廿口刊盆荼『母起基(‑Lj)』如恙択基・

1 1 1 1

<冨）

「リ菜旦芸,‑)

¥‑‑1'a eta

Q晦竺,1"'ゃ旦井く品溢桜芸旦1~却紺ぐ阻器Q澄膏姦牝溢

i$‑O

血Q番避しヒ淀如湿ヤ似噸誌柘糾杷̲̲)

¥‑‑1

王二ふ菜(

acta senatus

,

a urbana, a

publica)'1M心＇訃'1111·111·11~

・ 1

(

K

‑R r‑1 -t'~II"\)旦竺prof

essione ad a eta

Q晦茶酪~!{o゜士菜勾炉,~菜茶

<4

択艤皿心心澁溢揺抵Q憮辺庄二ふ辛心零竺慨＃旦担吾く堂起咲芸以甜('

¥‑‑1

窓心菜心゜袖'11

i(・<・ 1 1 1

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K

‑R f‑1 -t'い1"-)'~t--+.-RヽQ造:Lt::1111(:く↑全

K

)゜」（奎田『ローい坦・探ば痢』：ば巨罠）

ぼ），，

Acta, das iiber die Verhandlungen vor einem Magistrat Nierdergeschriebene (1. 21 D

.

26, 8)

……

ヽ~-½\-{'. r‑< Q

Observationes et Emendationes

旦0:,t‑1(]): 1 (<~ く国）

(13)

巨坦踪~(1~11

Jrr¥t' i

11

( <Kill)

（芯）

11 exer<;a son art de 161 a 211 apres J‑C., sous !es regnes de Marc‑Aurele, dont ii fut le conseiller, et de Septime Severe

.

(Bruno Schmidlin, DROIT PRIVE ROMAIN I,

Universite

de Geneve, 2008, p. 87

.

)

（斜）

Procurator

Q岡

g

旦竺翠姦Q憮遠翠硲心゜

ぼ）Heumann/Seckel藝~Q吋，F旦塞玉⇒

~:,

t‑@0

Abstinere (ab hereditate) wird tibrigens auch in Bezug auf

einen

andern gesagt; so wird von Tutoren gesagt: pupillum abstinere, einen Unmtindigen von der vaterlichen Erbschaft los‑

sagen, ihn nicht Erbe sein !assen

(……I.

21 D

.

26, 8

, ,,Curator

d1x1t

:

sbstmeo pup1llum.

……)

（苫）

Lenel, Palingenesia II, S. 263￡. 114

.

ぼ）海栗峯竺

Er [Scaevola] hat gutachtlich entschieden

…叫,t<‑Rr‑1令+̲.I)'¥如祖晦,.lJ__)~ 舞0~:,t-@(綜~~国1111匡）゜

リ訊柊似旦

0:, ~,

坦牡訃晨翠綜や巨抱ば

・Kn

屈三軍鈴産゜

ぼ）

Kaser

/

Hackl, aaO,, S. 482

.

Anm. 5

江

Zu Belegen fiir acta bei den Juristen (seit Scaev. D.

26,

8, 21) s. Steinwenter 6f.

叫,JJ Q~ 似茶不巴ゃ~~:, t‑@0

Steinwenter

送

Beitrage zum

offentl. Urkundenwesen

der Romer, 1915

ゃ硲心゜

（芯）

Kaser

/

Hackl, Anm. 5

旦如網砂兵ド勾心゜

啜） Theodor Mommsen, Romisches Strafrecht, Duncker & Humblot,

Leipzig,

1899, S. 514, Anm. 5.

ぼ）

Friedlich Ludwig Keller, Der romische Zivilprozess und die Aktionen in

summarischer

Darstellung

, 6, Auflage, bear‑

beitet von Adolf Wach, Leipzig, 1883, S

.

10

.

（怠）翠澤・

‑R

1~(-ギ寓゜

は） Prudentius, Aurelius Clemens

(AD 348‑after

405), greatest of the Christian Latin poets … [OCD

A.H.

W.

;

J. D. M.]

"Prudentius'reply

to Symmachus has sometimes been taken as evidence of

a

fresh struggle between Church and Senate

over

the famous altar of Victory in the Senate House

in

Rome, after those of 381‑4 and 392

.

It is better interpreted as

a

final refutation, based on the writings of Symmachus and Ambrose, of the whole ideology of the now dwinding groupe of

pagan senators.

……"

(The Cambridge History of Classical Literature

,

The Later Principate, p, 31

‑

2. [Robert Browning]) ヽ

I)'¥f'I'\• =°'—中、ヽトーくー『廿卓田絹蔚廿』某：＃忌廿く届・沖云＃・1100111母・<<~皿＜嶺嘩弓゜

啜） Symmachus

,

Quintus

Aurelius

(c. AD 340

‑

402), Roman senator, orator, and epistographer, and leading proponent

of

the

(14)

pagan religious cause against the Christian emperors, was educated by a Gallic teacher and enjoyed a high successful poli‑

tical career.

…

[OCD

J.

F. Ma.]

"Symmachus himself, as Prudentius's poem illustrates, continued to remain in high public esteem despite unrepentant

paganism." (Alan Cameron, The Last Pagans of Rome, Oxford University Press, 2011, p. 121.)

…

the two‑book work of Prudentius misleadingly known for short as Contra Symmachus (CS). The poem is not in fact

an invective against Symmachus, who is treated throughout with remarkable courtesy. The full title is Contra orationem

Symmachi, and BK ii is indeed a detailed and systematic refutation (in 1, 132 lines) of Symmachus's most famous speech,

his plea for the restoration of the altar of Victory in 384." (A. Cameron, p. 337.)

"That is to say, Symmachus has been treated as the Pliny of his age. This is a natural comparison to make, but at the

same time it calls forth a number of qualifications and reservations.

…"

(A. Cameron, p. 360.)

"Symmachus, in the abovequoted passage (ep. 5. 66. 2), also speaks of thirty‑year apan as of an aetas prope saecularis."

(Ernst Levy, West Roman Vulgar Law, The Law of Property, American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, 1951, p. 187.)

…

Symmachus, major senatorial aristocrat and letter‑writer, can be found asking an official about a case in which the

tax‑collectors sent by the city came to his estate without publicae validitatis monumenta, publicly valid documentation,

which meant, he concluded, that they were taxing fraudulently. One could assume that less exalted taxpayers had less

chance to query such collections, but the principle of documentation did undoubtedly exist." (Chris Wickham, Framing the

Early Middle Ages, Europe and the Mediterranean, 400‑800, Oxford University Press, 2005, p. 68.)

"The term'lawyer'is not meant to cover people in public life such as Symmachus who had a knowledge of imperial leg‑

islation that went beyond the laws cited by the parties to litigation, but who had not studied the legal classics, or even Nochomachus Flavianus, expert in augural law." (Tony Honore, Law in the crisis of empire, 379‑455 AD, Clarendon

Press• Oxford, 1998, p. 7.) ぼ），，…DerWiderstand konkretisierte sich i.

J.

384 anlaBlich der Frage, ob der aus dem altehrwiirdigen Senatslokal entfernte

Alter der Victoria wieder aufgestellt werden sollte. In dem Kampf, den der redegewaltige Stadtprafekt Symmachus mit

ヽャ廿令t<Q Observationes et Emendationes旦0~\J(l)

：川

(

<1(1

1)

(15)

巨坦踪~(1~11]njt>

1

回

( <‑1< 1 )

dem Mailander Bischof Ambrosius vor dem Kaiser Valentinian II. fiihrte, unterlag aber die Sache der Tradition

. ヽヽ

(Jochen Bleicken, Verfassungs ‑ und Sozialgeschichte des Romischen Kaiserreiches, Band 2, Ferdinand Schoningh, 1981

,

S. 208.)

（苫）

Monumenta Germaniae Historica

,

Auctores Antiquissimi, 6, 1. Q

.

Aurelii Symmachi Quae Supersunt, Edidit Otto Seeck,

Berolini, Apud Weidmannos, MDCCCLXXXIII.

総産゜

"Ad hunc, teste titulo 4 christianum, verba Prudentii contr. Symm.

I 558 referenda sunt

:

non Paulinorum, non Bassorum dubitavit prompta fides dare se Christo." (XCIV) DE SYMMACHI

VITA

釘索恥

Gothofredus, Vita Symmachi editio Pareanae Neap. Nemet

.

1617 adiecta

. 知ぷ鑓釦翠菜\J~t-@o

（埒）Iド廿K..L竺'¾栄

e

似亜旦廿心゜

（案）

PRUDENTIUS, Volume I, with an English translation by H.J. Thomson, Harvard University Press

,

1949, p

.

360‑

.

（お）

Heumann

/

Seek el

竺

Kiste (1. 1§41 D. 16, 3)

や埒心゜

（葵）

Lenel, Palingenesia II, S

.

345

.

19. [C. TREBA TIUS TEST A (FLORUIT CAESARE ET AUGUSTO IMPERANTIBUS)

.

]

啜） Lenel

,

Palingenesia I, S

.

513. 94. [M. ANTISTIUS LABEO (CLARUIT AUGUSTO IMPERANTE).] "Labeon compte

parmi les juristes les plus celebres du regne d

'

Auguste

.

" (B

.

Schmidlin, op. cit.

,

p

.

84.)

(~)

Lenel, Palingenesia II, S. 616. 896

.

B

.

Schmidlin, op. cit

.

p

.

90.

(

:;;

) "

of Naucratis (2nd cent. AD), scholar and rhetorician.

……

But the work is predominantly a thesaurus of terms

,

not of

information

.

It is also mainly derivative, but useful to us because the sources no longer survive

."

(OCD. P. B.

R.

F.;

R.

B

.

;

N.G

.

W.)

心）

Heumann

/

Seckel

竺

rein, reinlich, sauber (1. 21§1. 1. 25§10 D. 34, 2)

や硲心゜

（尊）

Heumann

/

Seckel

竺

Frau, Weib, a) i.iberhaupt=femina (1. 25§9 D

.

34, 2

……)や玲心゜

(~)

Heumann

/

Seckel

茶

specula

旦瞬翌叩芯応

Watson

鵬疇坦悶点冠専后゜

ぼ） Heumann

/

Seckel

迂

Waschnapf

(l.

25§10. D. 34

,

2

.

)

や玲心゜

(~)

unguentaria vasa Q Heumann

/

Seckel

迂

Salbenbi.ichsen

(……l.

25§10. 12 D

.

34,

2.)や~ts@゜

（均）巡坦幹産゜

(16)

（苓）

Heumann / Seckel

竺

Riscus, Koffer

(1. 25§10

D .

34, 2.)や~l-0゜ぼ）

Anm.

44). l'\-'Q字国山器~Q

Cujac.

茶玲肉゜ぼ）

Oxford University Press,

2004.

1 1

採ギ恕~11慨゜

De Minicio, MeBio, Tryphonino, Tertulliano Africano lurisconsultis. CAP II.

Qvo tempore lurisconsulti quique vixerint, cognoscere est oper

町

pretium. De Atilicino, & Fufidio, & Gaio alibi

scripsi. Alios quosdam, quorum

邸

que

ぉ

tates notat

ぉ

non sunt, visum est hoc loco proponere, Miniciam puta & Mes‑

sium & Tryphoninu & Tertullianum & Africanum.

ば ‑<Q 如淀全四むむ

(o0,...;

Minicius

N

Messius

cv:i

Tryphoninus

‑.::t<

Tertullianus

LJ"?

Africanus

リ菜ふ

Q‑< 奏旦 0 :.. ¥‑)匿旦坐芸 1"'l‑0 ゜

‑• ,,, i

I

叶‑t'‑K旦0::,~

゜

ゞヽギ廿‑t'‑

K 竺

If/1

I

廿‑t'‑

K 旦 0::,

~

竺 Miniciu Natalem ad quern Iulianus libros sex scripsit constat fuisse

Traiani temporibus ex 1. pen. D. de fer. 刈犠皿 ::, ~::,

心゜

1. pen. D. de fer.

迂封や埒心゜

ヘギ什令KQ

Observationes et Emendationes

旦

0:C,¥‑.J

(i)

i

ば(<‑1(0)

(17)

翌坦綜Kl~111索1 -1く（＜ば~)

Ulpianus libro septimo de officio proconsulis

Divus Traianus Minicio Natali rescripsit ferias a forensibus tantum negotiis dare vacationem, ea autem, quae ad disciplinam militarem pertinet, etiam feriatis diebus peragenda: inter quae custodiarum quoque cognitionem esse.

偲薬竺室旦吋心）

,..L II'‑ーギー区K

ft￡=

茶

,,r

I¥廿令メ以把令

⇒ 心゜

ヽ，ヽふ全述

'Minicius

Q西工釘誌旦封応~~r--

!:.l ,M m

勾ド芯゜

,,,,,,,, ,,Minicius war, wie aus D . 12, 1, 22 zu schlieBen ist, ein Schuler des Sabinus und kann darum kaum mit L.

Minicius Natalis identisch sein, der erst im Jahre 106 n. Chr. das Konsulat bekleidet und noch 119 / 20 als Prokon‑

sul die Provinz Africa verwaltet hat ." (Die Romischen Juristen, Bohlau Verlag, 2001, S. 121.) ヤ終兵心'、

9、ト全応）

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廿令

k 茶

::,i‑00

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L. Minicius

Natalis竺芸尽這託~l-0゜へヤ鯰幻績lII勾ド勾l-0

( Miniciu Natalem ad quern Iulianus …) , ,,

l

I

廿な豆乏

I'>) Q~

~Q L. Minicius Natalis

や埒心叫E

盆む゜リ応/ ti

廿↑直,.

1 0~

く知consul~,.

1 1 ~

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器や玲l‑0,.A.lヽ9、~~

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0

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D. 12, 1, 22 . lulianus libro quarto ex Minicio Vinum, quod mutuum datum erat, per iudicem petitum est: quaes1‑

tum est, cuius temporis aestimatio fieret, utrum cum datum esset an cum litem contestatus fuisset an cum res iudi‑

(18)

caretur. Sabinus respondit, si dictum esset quo tempore redderetur, quanti tune fuisset, si dictum non esset, quanti

tune: fuisset, cum petitum esset. interrogavi, cuius loci pretium sequi oporteat. respondit, si convenisset, ut certo

loco redderetur, quanti eo loco esset, si dictum non esset, quanti ubi esset petitum. (}L‑

薬竺宝以吋

l‑0)

令ヽーr‑‑‑‑;--.-R-~ 令.i,;,~l"\

(Romische Rechtsgeschichte II, Verlag C.H. Beck, 2006.) 竺,

> J応

r

1

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‑t‑‑

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\.J~l-0°,,Ein ahnlich angelegtes Werk zum ius civile schrieb der Sabinusschliler (D. 12, 1, 22) ,,,,,,,, Minicius, da den Kompilatoren mit Noten Julians unter dem Titel libri VI ad Minicium vorlag." (S. 60.)

~-

~

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i:'‑

K

ざ

I. pen. D. de fer. 如把 I }E, ,....) ¥J ::,

心゜J)菜迂令全゜凶トー区KQ~怜区ゃ~l-0゜

("'1')

⇒

会,̲),,ヽギ廿令

K 迂 Iulianus libros sex scripsit

刈如暢皿::,

¥J ::,

心゜

如,_)'~'ヽふ~Q如0蒋否Q~

井 Q

Ill I¥廿令

K

冷

1. pen. D. de fer. Q ,,,

1 \廿令KP'叶―';:'r,..._ー区KQ~

侶似 (D.

12, 1, 22) Q

II/ I¥廿i:'‑

K

..\J芸戻0-<奏や~l-0心怜心゜

他t""

1"'l‑0 ..¥.) ,,

~ ギサ令メ迂芸0-<雲如匡10-<套や~l-0母喘、~\J将.s;;..,,室翠(¥

¥J ::, l‑0

刈::,Jt°"J J刈旦終心゜

~..y旦完＇＇〈心JJ ..¥.)製た全ふ

1"'l‑0

刈

'D. 12, 1, 22

応/I I廿かKQI"\~'*'―<辻堂ふ終::,0

1. pen. D. de fer. Q

"'1 ¥廿

心メ投

'L. Minicius

Natalisや玲心゜悩ば¾Qr,rI¥

冠這 Minicius Macrinus P

和心゜

据,̲) ::,

臣要全如

⇒

菜終::,

Q

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(<[)) I

I・::‑‑ ‑ h K (Hofjuristen ―::‑‑ ‑

.I'¥

K 茶油璽 Lll‑0 坦 illli:{% 竺,,

J)

Q 起瞑如

‑‑4)

0

全ふや母

l‑0) 茶器'‑/

11/ I¥叶令

K

旦

0::‑¥J

゜

=―

.I'¥ K~'やふ旦洲心芸QII/

I¥

廿令

K

以

0::‑¥J 珪苔 1"'l‑0

゜i:'‑

r, K

゜くぶトー区

K f{E 営起 (1( 兵母ーギ兵母） Q

J)刈

ゃ~l-0゜

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Observationes et Emendationes U

0 ::‑¥‑‑) (1) 1や

(<f‑R<)

(19)

窒坦綜Kl~111食

I < ( <}tj

ギ）

,,Der Jurist Minicius, Verfasser eines privatrechtlichen Unterrichtswerks, ist vielleicht mit Minicius Macrinus zu

identifieren, dem Yater eines Freundes ji.ingeren Plinius" (S. 25.

jL-薬竺宝旦.i.,s~)

(<0) (r‑)

h::::‑‑‑‑11

心

K

(嘉1艮~-1(1母菩赳洲菜）茶乱咄橙_)

¥‑‑1 ::,

~

゜

Nam ita formari a me et institui cupit, ut ego a vobis solebam. Patria est ei Brixia, ex illa nostra Italia quae mul‑

tum adhuc verecundiae frugalitatis, atque etiam rusticitatis antiquae, retinet ac servat. Pater Minicius Macrinus,

equestris ordinis princeps, quia nihil altius voluit; adlectus enim a divo Vespasiano inter praetorios honestam

(oo) (o..) (~)

quietem huic nostrae‑ambitioni dicam an dignitati ? ‑constantissime praetulit. (¥L‑

薬竺室旦吋

!'{d) =―

01'K

竺罹皿

'‑'0

,,Vespasiann hatte den nicht mehr ganz jungen Ritter in den Senat aufgenommen. " (S . 25‑26 . )

(;:::) >) E;;

遠唇屯坦 0 ::, ¥‑J 竺芙 0 縣ぐ印旦纏ユ心::,

A)

料ヽ x!'{d ゜

対~0'入令K浜吋'6.L::--

ti¾11

-区メ旦0~\--)゜

← Messium autem & Tryphoninum Antonini ex l. vi. D . de iu.fis. qua ex re simul & ex l. 4. D. de ext. er. intelli‑

gitur Diuos, vel Optimos principes in l. Cicero. D. poen. l. qui sine. D. de neg. gest. esse Seuerum & Antoninum,

quod etiam constat ex l. 44. D. de exc. tut. l. 12. §. si deportatum. D. de capt. & postl. & in I. rescriptum. D. de dist.

pig. Seueru significari, sub quo Papinianus fuit magister libelloru, & pr

ぉ

f. pr

ぉ

torio. Libellos enim agere, & apud

Dionem epistolas agere est fungi officio magistri libellorum, vel epistolaru, quod mandari Iurisconsultis solebat , &

ad libellum apposita subscriptione principis, magistri libelloru vel promagistri subscriptio sequebatur. Ex eo etia in‑

(20)

telligitur B~bium Marcellum, de quo in I. B

ぉ

bius. D. de pact. dot. esse illum senatorem, quern Dio scribit sub Seuero

capite damnatum.

~-Y'ヽギ叶t--K茶Messius刈Tryphoninus以0勾臼釦勾芦心聾玲心゜

口 I. vl. D. de iu.fis.

超女や母心゜

Paulus libro tertio decretorum. Valerius Patruinus procurator imperatoris Flavio Stalticio praedia certo pretio

addixerat. deinde facta licitatione idem Stalticius recepta ea licitatione optinuerat et in vacuam possessionem induc‑

tus erat. de fructibus medio tempore perceptis quaerebatur: Patruinus fisci esse volebat. plane si medio tempore in‑

ter primam licitationem et sequentem adiectionem percepti fuissent, ad venditorem pertinerent (sicut solet dici, cum

in diem addictio facta est, deinde melior condicio allata est), nee moveri deberemus, quod idem fuisset, cui et primo

addicta fuerant praedia. sed cum utraque addictio intra tempus vindemiarum facta fuisset, recessum est ab hoc trac‑

tatu itaque placebat fructus emptoris esse. Papinianus et Messius novam sententiam induxerunt, quia sub colono

erant praedia, iniquum esse fructus ei auferri universos : sed colonum quidem percipere eos debere, emptorem vero

pensionem eius anni accepturum, ne fiscus colono teneretur, quod ei frui non licuisset: atque si hoc ipsum in emen‑

do convenisset. pronuntiavit tamen secundum illorum opinioem, quod quidem domino colerentur, universos fructus

habere : si vero sub colono, pensionem accipere. Tryphonino suggerente, quid putaret de aridis fructibus, qui ante

percepti in praediis fuissent, respondit, si nondum dies pensionis venisset, cum addicta sunt, eos quoque emptorem

心）

accepturum. ( 臼に旱疇）

ヽキサ{'t(Q

Observationes et Emendationes

旦

0:.,,

~(I)

1 ~ ( < k

井く）

(21)

翌坦探-1(i~111n\t'

110 (<ff:l

ば）

リQ~

侶似旦""

0, 入心k将弓-~..L::::--叶知1一区KQ糾忌茶~~

゜ ihS ‑?‑‑!'゜＜゜凶ー

I

I'‑‑‑‑

ー区 KQ 如淀茶母心°

吋0

¥.J'.t::¥

ギ廿令K茶Ill巽忌旦忘王,...J\J~~..iJ話迂淑沢心゜

= .

::::--—゜f"°'K竺,>J

Q~

怜以旦将七~...L::::--r\¾11-区K以0~\J¾Q知↑旦喘皿~\J:,~0

,,Als Teilnehmer an den

Diskussionen im Kaisergericht erwahnt Paulus auch den Digestenjuristen Claudius Tryphonin, der auf einen

zunachst nicht beriicksichtigten Punkt aufmerksam machte." (Hofjuristen, S. 56‑57.)

やふ以¾Q知↑旦薬1:-\J~~

゜

,,213 erhielt er ein Reskript von Caracalla in Sachen der jiidischen Gemeinde in Antiochien." (S. 57.)

ぼ）

..L::::--r\~

伶11-区K茶~Iド~0J

吋担全公迦令 (rescriptum) 如血応ふ菜‑?‑‑!

> J叫如=—01"

K: 出叡ド勾心゜や菜如

1 恰怜嫌択超封や玲心゜

>J応J..iJ竺＇リリや竺’ヽギ廿令k竺暢皿~\J~

終二゜

Imp. Antoninus A. Claudio Tryphonino. Quod Cornelia Salvia universitati Iudaeorum, qui in Antiochensium

civitate constitui sunt, legavit, peti non potest. [a. 213.]

リQ~

柊奴竺,

>J Q営屯辺将~\J'...L::::--r\¾11-区k茶ぶ::::--t----以将.s;;:,.'~Q栽Q吋ぶギ-<Q盛賤塔皿甜か呈終華逗旦共

ほ）炉

J ..iJ 如華要や却心叫蟄沢心゜

二―=—゜I"'-

K 廷,

>)

Q~

怜奴旦将:t-~""0 I入やK旦0~\J¾Q知で旦攀~\J~~

゜

,,Paulus erwahnt als Diskussionsteilnehmer im Kaisergericht von Septimius Severus auch einen Messius, in

den erhaltenen Fragmenten aus der Rechtsliteratur sonst unbekannt; ……" (S. 57. fL‑

葉藝室旦吋

t‑0)

=―゜~K竺’やふ旦")(,_0

,;、かメ旦 0 ::,

\--1¾Q吋i("'\旦罹lll::,

¥‑‑1 ::, t‑0 ゜

(22)

,,Titus Messius Extricatus hatte nicht nur Septimius Severus neben andern juristisch beraten, sondern

erfreute sich bei seinem Sohn und Nachfolger Caracalla wie gesagt besonderer Gunst seines Herrn." (S. 63.

}L‑

薬送室以吋心）

ャヽ△述,

¾Q吋か旦祉皿~\-.J~i-0゜

"The Severan jurists, Papinian, Paul, Tryphoninus, Messius, Menader, Ulpian, Modestinus, all equestrians,

had an interest in seeing that justice was freely available and that law prevailed. …… they were conscious of

being members of the elite circle of lawyers." (Ulipi 心岱

~

・I. 4. D. de ext. er.

迂女や~i-0゜(::::)

Marcianus libro primo regularum Divus Severus et Antoninus rescripserunt eam, quae data opera abegit, a

(~)

praeside in temporale exilium dandam: indignum enim videri potest impune eam maritum liberis fraudasse. (¥L‑ 薬迂

互旦吋

i‑0)

ヽギ廿心

k 迂,

>) >)旦~i-0ギi"'f-1-~Kff:E刈-Rll'¥ -R~l吋把0如淀如訳\-)~i-0心喘9ゞ心゜

I

1・I. Cicero. D. poen .

竺¾P玲心゜

図(~)

Tryphonius libro decimo disputationum Cicero in oratione pro Cluentio Habito scripsit Milesiam quandum

mulierum, cum esset in Asia, quod ab heredibus secundis accepta pecunia patrum sibi medicamentis ipsa abegisset,

rei capitalis esse damnatam. sed et si qua visceribus suis post divortium, quod praegnas fuit, vim intulerit, ne iam in‑

（忌）

imico marito filium procrearet, ut tempolari exilio coercreatur, ab optimis imperatoribus nostris rescriptum est. ( 杵

ヽャ,¥¥‑ {',

K Q

Observationes et

Emendationes旦0~\J(l)

111 ( <は国）

(23)

翌坦踪-1(l~llln\t>

葉竺匿以吋~)

（応）ヽギ廿令

K 竺, ¥L‑

薬話茶

J }E,

巻ヤ心叫>J i‑0如囲丑旦忘王,̲)

¥J ::.

心刈料ヽ沢公菜心゜

怜

I. qui sine. D. de neg. gest.

竺¾P硲心゜

1111 ( <h9111)

Tryphonius libro secundo disputationum Qui sine usuris pecuniam debebat, creditoris sui gessit negotia: quaesi‑

tum est, an negotiorum gestorum actione summae illius usuras praestare debeat. dixi, si a semet ipso exigere eum

oportuit, debiturum usuras: quod si dies solvendae pecuniae tempore quo negotia gerebat nondum venerat, usuras

non debiturum : ・ ….. sed quas usuras debebit, videamus: utrum eas, quibus aliis idem creditor faenerasset, an et

maximas usuras : quoniam ubi quis eius pecuniam, cuius tutelam negotiave administrat, aut magistratus municipii

publicam in usus suos convertit, maximas usuras praestat, ut est consitutum a divis principib 霊……. (¥L‑

薬迂室旦吋

!‑0)

ぺ怜区e包{~

送葉委旦巨 1"'!‑0°Heumann/Seckel Q

Usurarius山J訊侶蝶示王や菜\-.l~!-0゜

(・1. 44. D. de exc. tut.

竺封や~!-0゜

Tryphoninus libro secundo disputationum Cum ex oratione divi Marci ingenuus libertino tutor datus excusari de‑

beat, eandem excusationem competere etiam ei, qui ius anulorum impetrasset, imperator noster cum divo Severo

（葛）（芯）m)

patre suo rescripsit. (¥L‑‑

薬竺室旦吋

!‑0)

《怜奴Q乞{~廷巡訳終刃旦翌

1"'!‑0 ゜

"Members of the upper class were expected to serve when named. … Still, it is quite clear that many Romans

(24)

tried to avoid tutelage by offering an acceptable excuse, and in time an elaborate repertory of excuses developed;

ぼ）

see Frag. Vat. 123‑ 247 and D. 27.

1.

…

.L・1. 12. §. si deportatum. D. capt. & postl.

竺封や~t-0゜

Tryphonunus libro quarto disputationum In bello postliminium est, in pace autem his, qui hello capti erant, de

quibus nihil in pactis erat comprehensum. quod ideo placuisse Servius scribit, quia spem revertendi civibus in virtute

bellica magis quam in pace Romani esse voluerunt. verum in pace qui pervenerunt ad alteros, si bellum subito ex‑

arsisset, eorum servi efficiuntur, apud quos iam hostes suo facto deprehenduntur. quibus ius postlimini …… Ergo de

metallo captus redemptus in poenam suam revertetur, nec tamen ut transfuga metalli puniendus erit, sed redemptor

（芯）（笈）

a fisco pretium recipient. quod etiam constitutum est ab imperatore nostro et divo Severo. ()L‑‑

薬竺室以吋

t‑0)

~

・1. rescriptum. D. de dist. pig.

竺％ゃ~t-(<l゜

Tryphonunus libro octavo disputationum Rescriptum est ab imperatore libellos agente Papiniano creditorem a de‑

（食）（忌）

bitore pignus emere posse, quia in domino manet debitons.

図（斜）（箆）

ヽギ廿令

k 竺… Severii significari, sub quo Papinianus fuit magister libellorii, & pr

ぉ

fectus pr

ぉ

tono. 刈襴皿 ::,

~

゜<

凶ーl\~ー区k旦l]llil函,..._)~::,t‑(<l

゜

ャヽ△竺~Q知↑旦令~,..._)~::,t‑(<l

゜

"So far as I can see, the Severan lawyers never cite a living author by name. Papinian cites no one more re‑

cent than Africanus. Callistratus stops at Julian and Papirius Fronto. Tryphoninus, writing under Severus or

ヽャ

4¥‑‑t‑‑K Q

Observationes et

Emendationes旦0:,~(l)11111

( <は

11)

(25)

翌坦踪

K i @ llln¥t' 11

回

(<1‑R 1 )

Caracalla, mentions Papinian, but only as secretary for petitions, not as an author. The most recent author he

（苓）

cites is Scaevola." (JL‑

弱這産旦吋l‑0)

さ

l.B

ぉ

bius . D. de pact. dot.

竺封や~l-0゜

Tryphonunus libro decimo disputationum Baebius Marcellus Baebio Marullo dotis filiae suae nomme centena

promiserat et convenerat inter eos, ne ea dos constante matrimonio peteretur, vel si post mortem patris in matrimo‑

nio sine liberis filia decessisset, ut dimidia dos apud Marullum remaneret, dimidia fratri mulieris restitueretur: eaque

etiam in stipulationem deducta erant. mortuo Marcello, filio et filia superstitibus, dote universa filiae praelegata

Marullus nata filia diverterat et mulier decesserat fratre suo et filia ex partibus aequis heredibus relictis. apud Petro‑

nium Magnum praetorem Marullus ab herede filio Marcelli ex dotis promissione universam dotem petebat illa con‑

iectura, quasi inter duos placuisset nullo filiorum exstante mortua muliere partem dotis remanere apud maritum,

magis convenisset utique totam eius esse dotem, si filium filiamve habuisset. ex diverso respondebatur pacti quidem

vulgaris exceptionem etiam heredi proficere : sed in specie, quae proponitur, non quasi heres mulieris ex persona de‑

functae se exceptione pacti tuebitur, sed ipse erat ille, qui etiam viva muliere, si ab eo dos peteretur, potuisset ea ex‑

ceptione Marullum, quia divortium factum erat, summovere, eandem defensionem etiam post mortem sororis suae

偲）

retinebat. …… (¥L‑

薬竺室旦吋

!‑0)

Heumann/Seckel

Q

V ulgaris

旦

pactum

vulgare茶母;;;;.,'>)Q~侶似茶忘王や~\-)::,心0>) Qギ入1卜入

k

旦竺忌

4t (exceptio) Q

巨製茶他嘩菜¥‑)::, i‑0

゜

(26)

へギ廿心

K 竺,

>J

0~

怜区0坦茫珀侶忌珈潔~0:,~-室Q華志(LIB.

1111. ‑CAP. XXIII. Explicatio l.

珈

bius. D.

（案）

de pact.

dot.)や愉眉;._J~::,l{o゜~0lll盗忌以’ヽギ廿令k竺I.

pactum. C. de pig. act.

如示庄,_)~勾心゜

Imp. Alexander A. Hermaeo et Maximillae. Pactum vulgare, quod proposuistis, ut, si intra certum tempus pecu‑

nia soluta non fuisset, praedia pignori vel hypothecae data vendere liceret, non adimit debitori adversus creditorem

・(M)

pigneraticiam actlonem. [a. 223]

啜）~~;

ヽトート入 (The Law of Obligations) 竺

'>J

0 Codex 0~

侶似叫巨~,_)~'~0吋J\"以完';

<~::,

l{o

゜瞑送拙

Q 送栞 0

臣要や玲心゜

・・・・・・

by the days of Severan Emperors, the sale of pledges had become so common that, even without any spe‑

cial agreement to the effect, the authority to sell was taken to be part of the contractual arrangement of the par‑

ties." (}￡‑華述室旦吋 !‑0)

>J

Q 以 Q

common旦坦茶~:;;;;-."

C. 4, 24, 4 ("pactum vulgare")

Q~\臣荼睾恰和菜~::,

!‑0 ゜

ャヽ△竺＇器坦 e 母 m:::rn‑:

全兵全心会勾が全如毎茎..J~::,

!‑0

茶,,>J Q~

糾似竺,,

~ 菜茶心会心如Qゃ~:;;;;-."

1 11 1 1 11 母巨 I

（要）

m::: 1

1ornp母心刈..J~::,

!‑0 ゜

（一）

"probably from Verona, a leading Roman lawyer of the first half of the 1st cent. AD." (OCD [T. Hon.])

(N)

"v. (12, 1) 22. Nam videtur probanda esse opinio eorum, qui M inicium iuris consultum et

L.

M inicium N atalem (con‑ sulem post Chr. 107) eundem esse temere statuunt , v. Karlowa, R. G.

I

p. 700, Buhl, Julian.

I

p. 54 ." (Lenel, Palingenesia

I,

S. 699, Anm.

1.)怜似

Qi

卜廿凡竺ざ

Lenel, S. 487 (867.)

以吋心゜

(

M

)

Max Kaser, Quanti ea res est, Studien zur Methode der Litisastimation im klassischen romischen Recht, C.H. Beck 's che

ヽキサ令t<

Q Observationes et

Emendationes旦0~\J(l)

11

出

( <I‑R O)

(27)

翌坦綜-1(1~11ln\t>

1H

く(<回兵）

Verlagsbuchhandlung, Mlinchen,

1935,

S.

93￡￡. $淫゜

伍）

Lene!, Palingenesia I, S.

483￡￡. 旦

AD MINICIUM LIBRI

茶知肉゜溢叙蛉ぼ,~ 声琴(N)~\産゜

(LI))

Detlef Liebs, Hofjuristen der romischen Kaiser bis Justinian, Verlag der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften im

Kommission beim Verlag C.H. Beck, Mlinchen,

2010,

S

. 25￡.

(

<D) OCD [A. N. S.

‑W.;

S. R. F. P.]

(

c:‑

)

Liebs, S.

26, Anm. 81竺

Plin.

epist. 1, 14, 4￡. 如祀Iも,.̲)t‑'今心゜

(

oo) Pliny, Letters and Panegyricus, I, with an English translation by Betty Radice, Harvard

University

Press, London,

1969,

p. 42‑45.

(O')) 「……担駅女忘Q栽竺f'¥=---~ ぶt,‑..̲'0悩:;;;;‑'l'¥‑J>Jや竺囮噂枷営~Q痙晋等羹緑丘茶悩＇認惑咋炉＇恙図詑宣

~Q~kQ苦ヤぷ=---r,...̲ Q壬鈎やヤ゜＜丸I廿t\-t'-K·\'¥~=---区k竺＇魯十室奉Q祀帯忌栽廷旦玲:;;;;-'l'\-J~~サ

01

喧迄如苔酎玲姓

全0心eゃヤ゜要加-t'-t-\K•(,入卜区K全ふ＇悉途憚拒底0叙慕押以~-2!菜t-'~終茶ぷ器k1~糾総睾~Q益令~~ 如漿皿

蓋A.)~心-~〈枷全吋S如＇完砦終睦翠如＇器涯

l

巨寧来や如

‑t‑.!0P1"'

゜」（『f'="!\心ぺ釦垣縣』国亜廿口村芸~-轄器念ギ

牲恙奴基・

1

兵共妥母・巨

111

迦＜）

(;2) "By

the middle of the first century CE letter‑writing had emerged as a favourite aristocratic pastime; and the letter

col‑

lection had become an established literary genre. Both the younger Seneca and the younger Pliny published collections of

their letters as part of their literary oeuvre." (Jeniffer Ebbeler: The Oxford Handbook of Roman Studies, Edited by Ales‑

sandro Barchiesi and Walter Scheidel, Oxford University Press,

2010,

p.

467.)

(

;:::::) Liebs, S.

26,

Anm.

81旦翌送択垣茶惑±‑ふ菜ド今心゜

(~)

Lenel, Palingenesia I, S.

964￡. [75.]

ぼ）

"Marcus

Aurelius Severus Antoninus Augustus was usually known

as

Caracalla

……"

(Gillian Clark, Late Antiquity,

A

Very Short Introduction, Oxford,

2011,

p.

33.)

は）

Wieacker/Wolf, S.

143翁鹿゜｝）か匡旦0~t-'Q=" ‑01'‑K応器否

(S.

57)竺崇念全如⇒菜終~o冊心'Kunkel,Die

Romischen Juristen, S.

231~\産゜

クヤキウスのObservationes et Emendationesにつ いて（一）