つつじの葉の磁性 : 磁性の特徴および環境との関連利用統計を見る

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Magnetism of Leaves of Azalea Characters and

Correlation with the Environment

著者名(英)

Naoko UENO

journal or

publication title

Journal of Toyo University. Natural science

number

51 page range

99-119

year

2007-03

URL

http://id.nii.ac.jp/1060/00002525/

Creative Commons : 表示 - 非営利 - 改変禁止

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/deed.ja

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99 Magnetism of Leaves of Azalea

Characters and Correlation with the Environment

＊

Naoko UENO

Abstract

NRM（natural remanent magnetism）of leaves of azalea varies with the sampling point from 2x10−6（Am2／kg）to 83x10−6（Am2／kg），reflecting the declination of the geomagnetic field of the earth． IRM（isothermal remanent magnetism）saturates at 250−300mT SIRM （saturated IRM）varies仕om 60x10−6（Am2／kg）to 3400x10−6（Am2／kg）．Susceptibility ranges fromα1x10−8m3／kg to 26．9x10−8 m3／kg． The largest NRM， SIRM and susceptibility are acquired from the leaves near the platf（）rm of the railway station and the smallest are from Matsumoto city in the snow season． NRM， SIRM and susceptibility from the crowded road in Tokyo are higher than those from the sllburbs． The reason of the high intensities is considered as the enrichment of the magnetic dust in the air around the sampling site． 1￡aves of azalea have ciHa and are sticky to catch and keep and absorb the dust in the air． The hysteresis analysis shows Jrs／Js varies from O．2 to O．3， Hc varies from 14 mT to 22 mT and Hcr varies from 33 mT to 66 mT respectively． These hysteresis parameters suggest that the main magnetic mineral is psudo−single domain magnetite． In X−ray diffraction analysis of magnetic powder（attractive to magnets）under 180μm， Ankerite （Ca（FeMg）（CO3）2）is suggested as the Fe containing mineral with the low reliability． In SEM−EDX analysis， particles containing Fe oxide， metallic Fe and Fe included in silicate are identified qualitatively． ln the M6ssbauer effect analysis， magnetite could not be found andβ一FeO（OH）andγ一FeO（OH）are suggested to the main magnetic minerals． Total Fe content of natural leaves is O．053％according to the wet chemical analysis， and is O．13％of the dried powder leaves． Key words：magnetizm of leaves， azalea ＊上野直子：東洋大学文学部〒112−8606 東京都文京区白山5−28−20 Faculty of Literature， Tbyo University，52＆20， Hakusan， Bunkyoku， Tokyo 112−8606 Japan

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100 _Naoko UENO

1．Introduction

Natural remanent magnetizm（NRM）of plants was studied on various kinds of

vegetables and leaves（Ueno，1993）， especially that of kiku（compositae）（Ueno，1996）． These reports show that the NRM of kiku is strong and stable， and reflects the declination of the geomagnetic field． Mer the reports， the author found that NRM of the leaves of the azalea was stronger than kiku（Ueno，1997）． Azalea is the most familiar roadside tree in Japan， and the leaves are with thin hair on both sides of the surface and sticky when handled with fingers． In this report， results of the experiments on leaves of azalea about initial susceptibility， alternated field（AF）

demagnetization of NRM， SIRM and orthogonal IRMs，hysteresis parameters， X−ray

diffraction analysis， SEM−EDX analysis， wet chemical analysis of Fe content， M6ssbauer effects analysis， and microscopic observations are reported．

2．Sample Preparation

Samples were collected mainly in TOkyo， from azales near railway stations， in the town including the roadside and in the suburbs of Tokyo such as Asaka city， Hayama town and Kurihama town． Besides Tokyo area， leaves were collected from Matsumoto city in the central Japan and Kagoshima city in Kyushu（Fig．1）．Sample numbers（No．），classification， locality and abbreviation of the sample are listed in Table．1． For the rock magnetic experiments，1eaves were collected of which direction of the veins were directed nearly to the north of the geo−magnetic field． Piled leaves were cut to fit the sample case as illustrated in Fig．2．

3．Experiment and resultS

In Fig．3， four examples of the results of NRM， SIRM and IRM measurements are shown． Sample（No．5）shown in Fig．3−1 was collected from the railway station， No．14 in Fig．3−2 was from near the rail， No．30 in Fig．3−3 was from Kagoshima city and No．42 in Fig．3−4 was collected from Matsumoto city．

（1）NRM：NRM was measured using SQUID at NIPR（National Institute for Polar

Research）． Data varies from 2xlO’6 Am2／kg to 83x10−6 Am2／kg（Table．1）．The largest value was obtained from the leaves at the railway stations， while the lowest one was from that in Matsumoto city situated at the countryside． Mean AF（alternating field） demagnetization field（MDF， showing the half NRM）ranges from 35 mT to 40mT（Fig．3）． Zijderbelt diagram that shows the directional change during AF demagnetization is also shown in Fig．3． Leaves from Kagoshima city collected soon after the ash fall of the Sakurajima volcano are characterized by the small NRM and large SIRM．

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Magnetism of］Leaves of Azalea

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102 _Naoko UENO

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Magnetism of Leaves of Azalea

103 チ

エ▲1 ・蓬ヒ，震灘・議 Fig．2． Procedures of the sample preparation and sampling site of No．2

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1 ．5 8 N剛Demag． Magnetism of】Leaves of Azalea

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107

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108 _Naoko UENO

（2）SIRM and Susceptibility：Examples of AF demagnetization and Zijderbelt diagram fbr the SIRM are shown in Fig3． MDF of SIRM is about 30mエalmost the same as that of NRM． As shown in Fig．4， the intensity of NRM is proportional to the intensity of SIRM． Susceptibility measured by Birtington system ranges廿om Oユx10−8m3／kg to 26．9x10−8

m3

^kg． SIRM intensity increases proportionally with initial susceptibility（x）as shown in Fig．5． The ratio of SIRM to susceptibility ranges from 5kA／m to 20kA／m． According to the previous report about susceptibility on roads， two peaks of susceptibiHty were fbund in one lane（Ueno，2002）．In the additional researches to find the origin of the high susceptibility， the exhaust dust from the vent of car was found to have the high susceptibility（Nakai et a1，2005）． Vent which is fixed near either one side of the tire， scatters the dust with high susceptibility making two susceptibility peaks in one lane on the road． At the same time， the vent scatters the dust to the air． Leaves of azalea with thin hair on both side of the surface are sticky enough to collect the atmospheric dust． As the result， attachment and absorption of exhaust dust from the vent of car increases initial susceptibility of leaves of azalea in the crowded city where traffic jam is an every day affair． High NRM and susceptibility near the rail station is considered as the same． Iron− containing dust produced by friction between the rail and the wheel at the time when the train stops， is scattered to the air and absorbed to the leaves． The varieties of intensity of NRM and SIRM might reflect the amount and grain size assemblage of the magnetic minerals in the atmospheric dust． bO

N

E＜

㌔300

差

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100 ●▲口△O十

20 40 60 80 NRM・10−6A・n21kg Rail

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＋Others（after wash or ultrasonic） SIRM： bY Magnetization Apparatus， et 280mT sus．： by Bar・tington sVstem」at LF Fig．5． Correlation of SIRM With susceptibility

109

（3）IRM：IRM intensity increases proportionally with the applied maximum AF up to about 150 mT， and saturated at ab皿t 250−300 mT as shown in Fig．3． AF demagnetization was performed by a method modified from Lowrie test（Lowrie，1990）， in which three components were acquired for 1．547T，0，444T and O，112T field intensity applied orthogonally（Fig．6）． No．35 Asa1【a△ tUMの交流消磁 NRUと3直角leNの消磁 IRM 1．0 1．0 ’・Ptedium ＼，NRM ＼＼ soft O．5

坪・m・W＼． °’5 ’”t…一．．，，．”．．．．，

、−s．．． soft hard’’’’”JJ’…”r． hard −、−tt＝s−・．lt・一．．、、’”“’”・…・・”・h… ……f・、．．．4、．．．，．．．，．，．、，． 0 200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800 soft（0．112了｝．●edlu●（0．444了）．hlrd｛1＿547丁｝ Fig．6． Modified Lowrie test

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110 _Naoko UENO

（4）Hysteresis parameters：Typical examples of the hysteresis curves are shown in Fig．7． One is from near the railway station（sample No．1）， and the other is from the suburbs（sample No．38）． Fig．8 is the Day diagram， in which all of the three data fall in pseudo single domain range of titano−magnetite． No．1 Sh血toakstSulca● ’京牟亭オ．牢w亭事．・＊．享＊卓章傘傘京＊皐寧液■ 冨一H diate ■■●≠写零3●tt＃●t牟享家啄＊＊s事字亭事 97／07！24 St也p1● na■● ： Shi梧o占k且 Tv T●5 L 己●しe τ 97！07！24 H’∫・‘‘… ‘・【。…国）・10000．o。 H．●u‘t r●“■8 ； 1 s・・叩sロ・・d I・t。〕、 10．o Sk PerCent l罵｝： 80 泌’川1・c8‘・【…】： o．0250 li“＃s UIIi tbSTロロ e I・ttll＊＃I““il l： 1：：1：1：6；：焙：1｛：： i：：：㍑：；蒜：器 No，38 Hayama△ “紡章丸“寧“寧““騨蛭奉・皐⇔N・ドd．t．拠“亭寧聯… は“⇔“叫梓享享 91 ／0 7 ／ 24 5己●P‘6 貝■●6 ： Hay■巳‘ To T■ ！（ d＆ t■ ； 97／97／z4 H＾「匂い5：・‘稔【。ersttd｝ 500自、oo H一●uI‘ ran8宇： I

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Magnetism of Leaves of Azalea 111

（5）X−ray diffraction analysis and SEM−EDX（Scanning Electron Microscope−

Energy Dispersive X−ray Analyzer）analysis， and wet chemical analysis：They were carried at RIKEN by Dr． S． Yabuki and Mr． Y． Iinuma． Sample No．2 was prepared for the analysis．（5）−1X−ray diffraction analysis of total leaves after dried for one week at 60℃and powdered（Fe＝0．13％）was carried． Amorphous carbon is dominant． Compound of Fe could not be found． Whewellite［C2CaO4，H20］and Polihalte［K2Ca2Mg（SO4）4， 2H20］，which are familiar in plants are identified（Fig．9）．Enrichment of magnetic portion is required for the better analysis．（5）−2 X−ray diffraction analysis of magnetic powder（attractive to magnet）was carried． In Fig．10， result of the powder mder 180μm is shown． New candidates of Fe− compound are revealed． Matching result of Fig．10 is shown in Fig．11．Calcium

Iron Magnesium Carbonate［Ankerite（Ca（FeMg）（CO3）2）lbecomes the

candidates． Calcium Magnesium Carbonate［Calcite Magnesian（（CaMg）CO3）］ is also fOund． Reliability of the matching is in Table 2， Reliability of matching for the Ankerite is low．

定性分析（二次検索）

；贈

っっじの葉’i0．13XFe｝コメント YABUKIOl 平滑化点数： A．茶Pク．ラント．除去： 1 _Kα2除去系統誤差補正 ePl l50a looe 510 o tO．000 20．0●0 コ0， 000 40．000 50， 1‘‘：

1‘

eca o 20−231 Vhevellite． syn ● 97−04−09 i‘：06：06 Page t Fig．9． X−ray diffraction analysis of tOtal leaves

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112 _Naoko UENO

定性分析（二次検索）

，ン7’ルza ファぴ名っっじの葉（ISOμ以下コメン｝ YABUK【03 ：マグネットに着くものだけ平滑化点数：パヲクグラント’除去： 9 Kα2除去：系統誤差補正：叩s l50e 1000 5e

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堰@ 「 O 20− 231 胃he冒ellite， syn ‘ Fig．10． X・ray diffraction analysis of magnetic portion マッチ・メーカー：1照合図 97−05−21 20：00：53 Page ： 1 試料名：つつじの葉（lseμ以下検索結果照合図望9三蜘瀧蒜㍑・。6。姐認働・。2。油・。6。⑮加＿｛＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿」＿＿＿＿＿＿＿▲＿一＿＿＿＿＿L一＿＿＿＿不一致のピー一一一つつじの葦｛1 下 C2 C ． H2 Sio7

1

．．．一・．一一一一「．．．．．一一一一「一・一一一一一一一．一一一「・一…・・ 10．0 20．0 300 3｝一L．．＿ユーin−．L．．L−±一被験データ標準ビークデータ」．一_{@元：……『”’．r・・元6』．『一．．…．…㌫。} H9．1L Matching result in X−ray dif｛Vaction analysis of magnetic portion

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113

（5）−3 Fe content by wet chemical analysis Fe content of the dried powder is O．13％， and of natural leaves is O．053％（rable3）（5）−4 Elemental analysis by SEM−EDX． SEM−EDX analysis was carried for the particles in which Fe was included as the main element． Examples are shown in Fig．12． Particles containing Fe oxide， metallic Fe and Fe included in silicate are identified qualitatively． Aluminum−silicate， Magnesium−silicate and organic elements are identified for the others．（6）M6ssbouer effectS：M6ssbauer effects analysis was carried for the same magnetic sample as used for X−ray diffraction analysis（（5）−2）and SEM−EDX analysis（（5）−4），at laboratory of Prof． H． Ino， Faculty of Engineering， Tokyo University． Fig．13 is the result．

β一FeO（OH）andγ一FeO（OH）are suggested to the main magnetic minerals from the

Doppler velocity． For comparison， compiled Doppler velocity of the magnetic mineral is listed in Table 4（copied from The Chemical Society of Japan，1993）．マッチ・メーカー：登録された結晶相試料名：つっじの葉（180μ以下登録物質のリスト PDF No 信頼量比質 A：コーP二31 ］9．二臼 a： 33−1／61 ユ3．二こ芝 b： 4 E−i〕5B6 3．193き c：臼一・．“「1 ．，：’フ9…r C5垣11m O剖ate Hydrヨ恒ハV』巡lhrρβyr旨ICごC急Oコ F；ih掴幅d・／・⊇・・rこ・βy・一・ミ・・「二｝ｧC川川r。n M．ヨ・ヨne鋤m己・・．ヒ．・・n頑・バ・・ド蛸．仁rC三 hゴ．．・u川・M・．〕ne忘il・m臼幅「・ヨf．り㌃・L．．・三・㍉払1．・：］胤i5r． P i’ ．． H三 m 秩De胸｝｛「冗〔；．． @’『IH・」 1「’⊂バ’ 信頼度計算の詳細表示 A B C D 信頼度： @被験ピークの一致率： @ 《亀｝： @標準ピークの一致率： @ （亀）： @ピーク位置の一致串： @ 強度の一致率： w定化学元素の一致率； 1き．二G R5！仁 T二．二4 R5！55 U3．詞嘯W．43 G1．3し ?eご噌，1〕v、） 13．二 3．L⊆ こ．3i〕 P3／6丁ヲ／67 6／67 P，．40 U♪．45 5．妬 P3〆ごO フ／12 6／24 U5．OO 58．33 25．OO こ．16 こ、6．14 83、39 ?fさ．5．）さ3．躬ラ6．η ﾊ・．・り．o・〕1・⊃U．白・」1w．oo Table 2． Reliabmity of matChes i1 X−ray diffraction analysis

Wet chemical analYsis （6NHCL， ICP ）

Fe content： dried （lweek at 60°C） 0．13％ natura1 （ calculated ） 0．053％ Table 3． Fe content by wet chemica1 analysis

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114 _Naoko UENO

q7∂？’コー㊤鉄主ty首一竹ρク’8・◎’ 鋪般乙？） 99冒“．0皇﹃﹂漬‘‘1．二IR …川｝u 100s llffs 4“⑪ keU Ft’eset‡ 円《ζ 1⑰es Rema；ning； Dead ‖』．i 特．880 k巳u c「h お斗＝ 1，0．e I5 ’ets ー4ー．．．ー＄ーーー・・ー．‘｜ 1．・ ‘．：ー1数：がn ー・・ ■ ∩ ﹂．・鮒ピいR∨a C SF ”そー；．；⋮撒：⋮−i‘⋮ー．’1−Il’．．．ー‘ ーF︸ぞ‘ Ii ﹂E．厄弥り刀一7 ◎シWTtト（載t信む） x−R鮒ξ （｝・ウー 20 keり・・ L．ive・ _{1005 Pre5巳t3 100s Rem直ining2 05} R甑13 1105 92 0e己d ．．AL． o 8 F l R t 1 g日

PSCK〈t ｛

FS＝511 鴨3臼モ?汲? 55＝ 1膓‘〕’も；1 7−．，．？∂つ7クー工． Vル」ピ3 ワヶすト惜3（F亀．父含t幻一 − ke ． Ψε＃’ Pr㊧ヱ・9’ 1’oo「s 」 ema i n i n g ： O s ⇔↓ユづ・面’・ @ 19 1・’ ‘ ﹂﹂ − ｜ー．− 卜﹁ ’ ．．7 @ ．口臆 X psi区《・c． F 4 ．

．900 kW

0．0 ＞ sコごマ1κ h 55呂 23 ct5

12

Fig．12． ypical examples in SEM−EDX analysis

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﹂i 9 9 0 ［． R．旦⊂Ωのの亡の⊂ω﹂ト

0・9隅0

Magnetism of Leaves of Azalea M6ssbauer analysis ％㎡観 ● ・．、 ● ■ ● ■ ・・ ’■ ● ・・、吉 6°．ぷ ● ● ’ ⇔︰・駈 O DopPler Velocity［mm／s］ lS（＝δ） 0．36＋O．01㎜／s OS（＝△Eq） 0．68＋0．01 mm／s B，f O．51＋0川㎜／s Fig．13． M6ssbouer effect analysis 表14・158種々のSTFe化合物のメスパウアーパラメーター

10

115

物質丁一K δ △Eq 物質 δ △五〇 δ △εQ 一｝高高一：獅高 H−T τ K 一ト

os

一）高高〃−T 物質 τ一K ←1 高高一1

os

κ﹃T α一Fe 室温 ge o ﾛ0．12 33．0 FeC！3・6H20 78 ＋0．60 0．91 D Fe」04 300 49．1 S5．3 畷FelCN｝、］ 143 ＋0．04 ・り 310ステンレス鋼室温一〇．09 0 K、［Fe｛CN司一G．124 028010 α一FeOOH 291 ge 一〇35 38．4 T0．4 FEF± 298 @0、04 19．3 298 @4．2 ＋1．37 {L48 2．79 Q85

oo

298 一〇．258 ＋1，705 o β一FeOOH 室温 ge ÷0．38 o．7 0 S7．5 FeC』 Na2［Fe｛CN）5NOl @ ・2HΣO 78 S．2 ＋1，097 {1，D93 0，895 k210 00．4 ± ﾀF已｛C，O、）3］ _室温＋0．33 0 γ一FeOOH 室温 ge ＋o．30 G．55 0 S6： Feαゴ2H20 298 ＋LO3 2．50 o Fe〔C③5 80 一〇．D9 257 o FeTio3 FeClピ4H20 室温十1221 2．98」 0 Feヨ〔COI）2 80 室温 ge ＋▲．02 {1．23 0．65 {1．42

045

＋0．05 ¥〇．11 0．13 kI3

Go

Feso‘ 室温 @42 ＋〕，270 2，725 R．89 Ol8．5 lNiFe，0、．室温フェロセン室温＋053 2．37 o 50．6 T4．8 〔Fe｛H20）6］SOべH，O 室温 @5 十1．261 ｧ．391 十3．2ユ7 ¥3．384 o D0 α一Feρ，．室温 ge ＋0．36 {0．46 一〇．4 ¥〇、80 5L7 T4．4 SrFe（㌔ P 298 ge ・ト0．054 {0，146 0 R3」 FeF3 296．5 @4．2 ＋0，489 0，044 0 U1．8 γ一Feさ（X 室温 V7 ＋0．27 ?．41 ヘモグロピン 195 @4 0．9G n．91 2．40 Q．4D FeCl3 室温 @4、2 ＋0，436 {G．46互 ⑪．04 0 S4．5 48．8 S9．9 T0．8 T2．5 酸．素 wモグoビン 195 @三．2 020」 O．24 1．89 Q．24 ・ Table 4． Compiled Doppler velocity of magnetic minerals in M6ssbouer effect （copied丘om The Chemical Society of Japan，1993）

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116 _Naoko UENO

（7）Microscopic observation：

（7）−1 Electric−microscopic observation was performed by Prof． J． Akai， Faculty of Science， Niigata University． Magnetic powder（attractive to magnet）under 250 μmafter dried for one week at 60℃was used． As shown in Fig．14， magnetic mineral could not be found in this study．（7）−2Microscopic observation after ashed by plasma inorganizer was carried assisted by Ms． M． Shimizu at Natural Science Laboratory， Toyo University． Opaque minerals of few micro−meter to 100 micro−meter could be seen as shown in Fig．15．〆裡φ奪濠 Fig．14． Electric・microscopic observation Fig．15． Microscopic observation after ashed

川｛川脚川1

→ ← 5μm’

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117 4．Discussions and conclusions

Intensities of NRM， SIRM and susceptibility are the highest near the railway station． Also， they are larger in the center of Tokyo than in the suburbs． The reason of high intensity near the railway station and in the center of Tokyo is as follows． Iron−containing powder produced by friction between the rail and the wheel when the train stops， or iron− containing powder discharged from the vent of cars， spreads to the air and attaches to the leaves． Leaves of azalea have cilia and are sticky enough to catch and keep and absorb the iron−containing Powder in the air． Natural remanent magnetism reflects the direction of the earth’s magnetic field， which suggests the quick orientation of magnetism has occurred after attachment of powder to the leaves． This idea of quick orientation seems useful to consider the process of acquisition of DRM（Detrial Remanent Magnetizm）． As to the magnetic mineral， rock magnetic experiments such as AC demagnetization curves and hysteresis parameters suggest that the main magnetic mineral is psudo−single domain magnetite． In X−ray diffraction analysis of magnetic powder（attractive to magnet） under 180μm，Ankerite Ca（FeMg）（CO3）2 is suggested as the Fe containing compound with the low reliability． In SEM−EDX analyses， particles of Fe oxide， metallic Fe and Fe included in silicate are identified qualitatively． ln the M6ssbauer effect analysis， magnetite could not be found andβ一FeO（OH）andγ一FeO（OH）are suggested to the main magnetic mineralS．

AcknowledgementS

The author is grateful for cooperation to obtain data of the NRM and SIRM to Dr． Minoru Funaki of NIPR（National Institute of Polar Research）， SEM−EDX analyses and wet chemical analysis of Fe to Dr． Sadayo Yabuki and Mr． Yasuhiro limura of RIKEN（rhe Institute of Physical and Chemical Research），electro−microscopic observation to Prof． Junji Akai of Niigata Univ．， M6ssbauer analyses to Prof． Hiromitsu Ino of Tokyo Univ． and ashed leaves observation to Ms． Mitsuko Shimizu of Toyo Univ．

References

Day， R．， Fuller，M．D．＆Schmidt，V．A．（1977）Hysteresis properties of titanomagnetites： grain size and composition dependence． Phys． Earth Planet Inter．13，260−266． Lowrie， W．（1990）Identification of ferromagnetic minerals in a rock by coercivity and unblocking temperature properties． Geophys． Res． Lett．17，159−162． Nakai，M， Ueno．N．， Tazaki，K． Watanabe，H．， Asada，R． and Shimazaki，H．（2005）Origin of the pollution characterized by high susceptibility−Magnetic character of the exhaust

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118 _Naoko UENO

dust from the vent of bus． IAGA−2005−A−01206， GAI12（Toulouse）． The Chemical Society of Japan（1993）．改訂4版化学便覧Maruzen（written in Japanese） ISBN4−621−03870−2 C3043 n−648． Ueno， N．（1993）Natural remanent magnetization of plants（1）．（written in Japanese） Journal of the Toyo Univ．， General Education（Natural Sci．），37，1−8． Ueno， N．（1996）Magnetic characters of plants（2）．（written in Japanese）Journal of the Toyo Univ．， General Education（Natural Sci．），40，43−48． Ueno， N．（1997）Magnetism of leaves of azalea：Abstracts】AGA−1997（Uppsala）Session 1．18p107． Ueno， N．（2002）Susceptibility measurement to detect pollution by traffic on paved roads： Journal of the Toyo Univ．， Natural Sci．，46，43−52． Zijderveld， J．D．A．（1975）Paleomagnetism of the Esterel rocks． Doctoral thesis， Univ． of Utrecht，19g PP．

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119 要旨

上野直子：つつじの葉の磁性一磁性の特徴および環境との関連

つつじの葉は日本中に街路樹として広く植えられている．葉は繊毛で覆われ，手で触る

と粘性があることに気付く．著者は種々の植物について自然に持つ磁性強度を測定したが，

最も強度が大きいのは，つつじの葉であった．そこで，つつじの葉の磁性特性を調査する

ため岩石磁気の手法での解析，X線解析，メスバワー解析，顕微鏡解析を試みた．葉の磁

性の特徴を明らかにすることによって，採取地点による差が環境の指標になることを期待

した．実験は，船木實博士（極地研），矢吹貞代博士・飯村康紘氏（理研），井野博満教授

（東大工），赤井純治教授（新潟大理），清水満子氏（東洋大）のご協力により行われた．（所

属は実験当時）

つつじの葉の磁性 : 磁性の特徴および環境との関連 利用統計を見る

Magnetism of Leaves of Azalea Characters and

Correlation with the Environment

著者名(英)

Naoko UENO

journal or

publication title

Journal of Toyo University. Natural science

number

51

page range

99-119

year

2007-03

URL

http://id.nii.ac.jp/1060/00002525/

Creative Commons : 表示 - 非営利 - 改変禁止

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/deed.ja

99

Magnetism of Leaves of Azalea

Characters and Correlation with the Environment

Naoko UENO

Abstract

100

Naoko UENO

1．Introduction

Natural remanent magnetizm（NRM）of plants was studied on various kinds of

demagnetization of NRM， SIRM and orthogonal IRMs，hysteresis parameters， X−ray

2．Sample Preparation

3．Experiment and resultS

（1）NRM：NRM was measured using SQUID at NIPR（National Institute for Polar

S5N

澱馨叢馨14°E

翫雀撚三こ

癬蟹1㌻＿

／・ら工苦㌣き・誘㌧口

102

Naoko UENO

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●▲▲▲▲▲▲▲▲▲口口口口口口口△△△△△OOO十十

12345678910U1213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334話3637383940414243“

NRM

㌫㍑㌃裟芸㌫㌫㌶∴㌫縦竺三㍑；㍑芸裟三鑑三〇言

▲O

㎜鷺拠響㎜曇翻裟：皿曇㍑議蟹竃竃鷲飢8。曇

0

x㌻㌫芸∴∴鵬言；；三”鵬芸鴛；；三“三纂C鴛2・。・鷺粥

砂

SIRMM Sm㎜採取場所

裟㌫三竹：㍑三三㎜；：関聞86：98㌫㌫こ㌫三門6・：田3・裟

㌫㌶㎜㌶㌶謝㌫裟㎜㌫㌶蹴鴛㌶芸隠㌶㎜鴛蒜芸㌻蜘鍋㌫

103

チ

104

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Naoko UENO

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つつじの葉の磁性 : 磁性の特徴および環境との関連利用統計を見る

_Naoko UENO

_Naoko UENO

_{x㌻㌫芸∴∴鵬言；；三”鵬芸鴛；；三“三纂C鴛2・。・鷺粥}

_{SIRMM Sm㎜採取場所}

_{_}

_Naoko UENO

_Naoko UENO

_Naoko UENO