SES no.042; 表紙,目次ほか
雑誌名 Senri Ethnological Studies
巻 42
発行年 1996‑02‑09
URL http://hdl.handle.net/10502/774
(‑
Senri Ethnological Studies no.42
Edited by
Tomoya Akimichi
National Museum of Ethnology
Senri Expo Park, Suita, Osaka, Japan
Phone 06‑876‑2151
Senri Ethnological Studies
Senri Ethnological Studies will be published irregularly by the National Museum of Ethnology. The aim is to present the results of research and other activities conducted by 'the Museum staff, associate members, and aMliated guest scholars.
General Editor Komei SAsAKI
Associate Editors Tomoaki FuJii Hiroyasu ToMoEDA Naomichi IsHiGE Toh SUGIMURA Shigeharu SuGiTA Shohei WADA
Copyright @ 1996 by the National Museum of Ethnology.
Ethnology, Senri Expo Park, Suita, Osaka, 565 JAPAN.
Kyoto, JAPAN.
Published by the National Museum of
Printed by Nakanishi Printing Co., Ltd.
SENRI ETHNOLOGICAL STUDIES No. 42
Coastal Foragers in Transition
Edited by
Tomoya AKIMICHI
National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka
1996
1
CONTENTS
Acknowledgments ToMoyA AKIMICHI AKIRA GoTo
DAISuKE TAKEKAWA
' DAISUKE TAKEKAWA
MASATAKA TAWA KAZUHIRO SUDA
ToMoyA AKiMicHi and DEDI A. SUPRIADI EDDy MANTJoRo and ToMoyA AKIMICHI
YUKIO KUCHIKURA
AKIRA GoTo MASATAKA TAWA
A List of Contributors ･･･.
Index････････････････････････････
Introduction ･････････････････････････.･･････････....･････... 1
Lagoon Life among the Langalanga, Malaita Island,
Solomon Islands･････････････････････････････････････････････ 11
Ecological Knowledge of Fanalei Villagers about Dolphins: Dolphin Hunting in the Solomon Islands
1."."""."""‑‑..".."."...".".."‑..".."".""".. 55 The Method of Dolphin Hunting and the Distribution of Teeth and Meat: Dolphin Hunting in the Solomon
Islands2 .･...･‑････････････････････････････････････････････････ 67
Reef Tenure of Western Province in Papua New
Guinea ･･････････････････････････････････.･･･････････.･･････････ 81
Time Allocation and Food Consumption among the Kiwai‑Speaking Papuan in Papua New Guinea ･･･ 89 Marine Resource Use in the Bajo of North Sulawesi and Maluku, Indonesia･･････････････････････････････････････････105
Sea Tenure and Its Transformation in the Sangihe Islands of North Sulawesi, Indonesia: The Seke Purse‑
Seine Fishery ･････････････････････････.･･･････････.･.････････121
Fishing in the Tropical Rain Forest: Utilization of Aquatic Resources among the Semaq Beri Hunter‑
Gatherers of Peninsular Malaysia ･･･････.･･...･････...147 A Report of Small‑Scale Fishing Village in South‑
eastern Johor, Malaysia ････････...･････････････.････････175 Fishing Ground Use at the Commercial Fishing Area in the Malay Peninsula: The Case of Parit Jawa, Johor
State ････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････203
...219
...221
Acknowledgments
This issue of Senri Ethnological Studies presents a compilation of findings from field research which was conducted between the fiscal year of 1990 and 1992 with a grant of Intertnational Research Program by the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture. The title of the research project is "Cultural Adaptation and Strategies on the Use and Management of Coastal Marine Resources in Tropical Asia and the southwestern Pacific" (#02041102) headed by T. Akimichi of the National Museum of Ethnology.
For the realization of the research in Malaysia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands, we are most grateful to those who were concerned with the research permit, joint researqh, local arrangements, and various assistants in the
fields. ･'
'
In Malaysia, we are very much obliged to Ms. Rabihah Mahmood, Head of Planning and Fisheries, Department of Fisheries and other staff of the Department for their kind advice and recommendation.
In Indonesia, we are most grateful to Professor A.B.Lapian, Head df Maritime Group in PMB/LIPI and Professor E.K.M. Masinambow, Deputy Chairman of PMB/LIPI for their kind guidance and assistance for the research.
We are also grateful to the staff of Maritime Group of PMB/LIPI, and those in the Fisheries Department of Sam Raturangi University.
In Papua New Guinea, thanks are given to Dr. Jacob Simet, Head of the Institute of Papua New Guinea Studies for his assistance. Also, we are indebted to Professor T. Matsuoka, Department of Fisheries of the University of Papua New Guinea and Mr. S. Yasuda for their support to our research.
In the Solomon Islands, we are very much obliged to Mr. P. Allan, Minister of Natpral Resources, Mr. S. Shimura, a JICA expert of Fisheries Division of Ministry of Natural Resources, Mr. S. Diake, a Principal Fisheries OMcer, Mr. T.
Watanabe, a Coordinator of JICA, and Mr.Y. Nishimura, a JOCV staff on
Malaita for their assistance and supports.
Lastly, we are greatly indebted to the people in the villages who warmly
accepted us during our stay. Without their understanding and assistance, it could
not be possible to complete our work. This book is dedicated to those who live as
coastal foragers in the Asia‑Pacific region.
A List of Contributors
‑
Tomoya AKiMicHi is a professor at the National Museum of Ethnology. He is a maritime anthropologist with particular interest in marine resource management in small‑scale fisheries, .traditional navigation, and maritime history in the Asia‑
Pacific region. He has conducted field research in Japan, Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea, and Indonesia. His publication include Ayu‑:fZsh and the lapanese, Ethnography ofEncountens with PVhales and Doiphins, 7'brritoriality in lapanese
Culture Histoi:y, and Maritime People of the Pacifc: An Anthropological Stualy.
Akira GoTo is a professor at Miyagi Women's College. He is an ethno‑
archaeologist and his particular interest is culture history in Oceania. He has obtained Ph. D. in the University of Hawaii, and has conducted research in Polynesia (Hawaii), the Solomon Islands, Malaysia and Indonesia. He has published many articles in the field of traditional fishing in Japan and the Asia‑
Pacific region.
Daisuke TAKEKAwA is a research scholar at the National Museum of Ethnology.
He is an ecological anthropologist, and he has conducted field research in Okinawa, Solomon Islands, and Malaysia. His interest is maritime folk culture in the coral environments.
Masataka TAwA is an associate professor at the Kwansei Gakuin University. He is a fisheries geographer, and he has conducted fieldwork in Japan as well as Philippines, Malaysia and Papua New Guinea. His particular interest is the analysis of space‑use by small‑scale fishermen. His recent publication is Papuan Ftshermen in 7ransition.
Kazuhiro SuDA is a lecturer at the Hokkai Gakuen University. He is an ecological anthropologist, and he has conducted field research in sago‑eating communities in Papua New Guinea, fishing communities in Malaysia and Japan. His interest is time allocation and socioecology of the people.
Dedi A. SupRiADi is a researcher of the Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI) in Jakarta, Indonesia.' He has conducted field research in Kai Islands, Tidore, Ambon in eastern Indonesia. His particular interest is the social organization in fishing communities. He has also conducted joint research with T. Akimichi in Bajo fishing communities in Kayoa. He has joint publications on rnaritime cultures in eastern Indonesia from LIPI.
Eddy MANTJoRo is a professor at the Sam Raturangi University in Manado,
219
220
Indonesia. He is a fisheries economist and has conducted extensive field research in fishing communities in north Sulawesi. Also, he is interested'in modern Japanese fisheries. He has condUcted j6int research in the Sangihe Islands with T.
Akimichi. He has many articles on fisheries economy.
Yukio KucHiKuRA is a professor at the Gifu University. He is an ecological anthropoiogist. He has conducted field research in the Orang Asli hunter‑
gatherers in Malaysia. He has also done field research in fishing communities in
Okinawa and Tokara Islands in Japan. He has many articles on ecological studies
focussed on food consumption, energy expenditure and activity system.
Index
A Abalolo 11‑16, 20, 47
age‑grade ,system 150, 157, 159, 161 aquatic resources 151‑2, 170 artisanal fishing (fishermen) 106, 121
AuwomazaReef 83 B
bagan 108, 111, 116
Bajo (see also Orang Laut) 105‑17 Batunderang Island 123, 132‑33
beakedwhale 64
Bebalang Island 123, 132, 142‑43 Binaturi River 90
Bita'ama 68
blowpipehunting 150,166‑67 bottlenosedolphin 63 bride gift 32
bride wealth 55, 77
bubu (=fish trap, fish pot) 123, 154, 181, 183‑84, 205, 209, 211‑15 Buginese 116‑17
Bukide Island 132, 134
Burmese brown tortoise (7;estudo emys) 165 Butonese 116
C
canoe (see also single‑outrigger c., double‑outrigger c.) ‑formation 72,74
casheconomy 35‑37 Channidae 153
Chinese (in Malaysia and Singapore) 4, 182, 185, 205 (in lndonesia) 117
coconut 16, 90, 91, 95, 96, 98
commodity IQ9
common‑pool respurces 2, 105 commonproperty 81,82
community‑based (development) 2, 140, 143, 145 conference house (=tqfi) 59
crayfish 84, 92, 93
24, 70, 71, 91, 93
221
222
cyprinids 151, 153
D
Daru 90,92
decision‑ma.king 92
deep sea pot(=bubu) 205, 209, 211‑12 Derri's‑ (see also poison fishing) 111, 124, 171 development 2, 89
dinghy 92,93
distribution 57, 74, 130, 143 diversity 89,91
dolphin 71‑74,76
‑hunting 55, 57j 59, 60, 68‑70, 75 ‑meat distribution 77
‑teeth 55, 64, 67, 75‑79
double‑outrigger canoe (see also canoe, single‑outrigger c.) 83, 92, 125, 127 drift gill net (=joring hanyut) 205, 208‑10, 212‑15
dugong (Dugong dugon) 83, 92
E
echolocation 61,71
energy intake 98‑100, 102, 148 ethrio‑network 106,117 exchange 113
F
Fanalei 55, 58, 67, 68 falsekillerwhale 61 64' '
FAO/WHOrecommendations 98
fish distribution 130 fish‑driving 22, 155
fish poisoning (see also poison fishing) 22, 109, 154 fish‑spearing 22, 154
fish stakes(==kelong) 182
fish trap (see also bubu, tawar) 123, 154, 182‑83
fishing 24, 26, 91, 134, 152, 154, 157, 159‑61, 164‑65, 167, 190, 192‑97, 211‑‑14 ‑eMciency 26, 27, 163, 168‑70
‑expedition 113‑14 ‑freqtiency 159 commercial‑ 95
dive‑‑ 22, 109, 116, 156, 162 frog‑‑‑ 156, 163
kite‑ 124
Index
hand‑line‑ 22,23 hook and line‑‑ 111 lem‑‑lem‑‑ 155‑56, 162 longline‑ 111
poison‑ 92, 109, 154, 156 rod‑and‑line‑ 14, 151, 156 subsistence‑ 95,98,102 food 18, 99, 147, 166
‑consumption 16‑19, 89, 93, 94, 99, 100, 102‑03, 170 ‑getting 90, 95‑98, 100, 102
‑int.ake 94 animal‑‑ 99,165
purchased‑ 97, 98, 100, 102 traditional‑ 99,102‑03 Frazer'sdolphin 63
G
giant clam (Tridancnidae) 3, 111
giant frog (Rana macrodon) 151‑52, 155 Gidra 83, 84, 90‑94, 99‑102
grouper (Epinephelidae) 3, 112, 183, 186
H
harpoo.n (tikan) 67, 92, 155 Hong Kong 3, 112, 117
horticulture 15, 89, 90, 95, 96, 99, 102, 109 htinter‑gatherer 147
hunting 74, 90, 91, 95, 96, 99, 165
J
J'aring (=gill‑netting) 180
joring hanyut(=drift gill net) 205, 208‑10, 212‑15 jellyfish 3,112
JOA rations 148, 165 Johor 178, 203
K
Kahakitang 123, 132; 135, 140‑41 kakandu (=white shell beads) 29 Katatai 84, 99, 103
Kayoa 106,108
keie(=red shell beads) 29, 34
kelong(=fish stake) 205, 207, 209‑10, 212‑15
223
224
kingcrab 180, 185
Kiwai (Oroino Haarubi) 83, 89, 90, 92‑94, 99‑101, 103 kurila (=black shell beads) 29, 34 '
' Kwaio 11, 13, 15, 32
Kwaràae 11, 15, 31, 36
L
land tenure (see also sea tenure) 85 Langalanga 11, 14, 79
Lau 11, 31, 55, 62 law of the sea 81, 85
lawog(==intermediate river) 149, 151 live fish 112
lunar tide system 212
M mackerel scad (Decupterus spp.) 117, 123, 127, 140 Majurikan' 176
Malaita 11, 12, 55, 67 MalayPeninsula 147,148,203
Malayan mud turtle (7'7'ionptx cartilagineus) 151‑52, 155
Malaysia 175‑78, 203, 215 ' ' man‑environment 203
mangrove 68, 179, 205
Maori wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) 3 marine resources 1, IZ, 21‑23, 105, 130
maritimeanthropology 81 .
marketing 183‑84 material process 186‑87
Mawata 90, 91, 93, 95, 96, 98‑100, 102‑03
melon‑headed whale (Peponocephala electra) 63, 67 middleman 90, 92, 93, 95, 112‑13, 183‑86, 205' ･ motamota (sailing double‑outrigger canoe) 92
MountainOk 99‑102 Muar 203
N･ nagi (=fiint used for dolphin hunting) 68 net 12, 110, 123
beach‑ 91,92 drift‑ 110 gill‑ 109‑10
purse‑seine‑ 121, 137‑38, 140,.207
/
Index
scoop‑ 110,116 trawling‑ 176,207
nijb ia 62 ‑
nutrient intake 19, 94, 97, 101‑02
o
OntongJava 27
Orang Asli 4, 155
Orang Laut (see also Bajo) 185 overfishing 106, 116, 121, 215 ownership 1, 82, 131, 140
P
pahog (=small‑stream) (see also tawog) 149, 151 pantropical spotted dolphin (Stenella attennata) 61, 62 Papua New Guinea 4, 81, 83, 89, 94, 102 .
Para Island 123, 126, 131, 136‑37, 139 Paramalsland 85
ParitJawa 203‑216
poison fishing (see also fish poisoning) 124, 162 pomfret (Pampus spp.) 207
population 12,125,171
' protein 98‑100, 102, 147‑48, 170‑71, 205 purse‑seine (see also seke, soma) 106, 110, 121, 140, 207
R
randomspot‑check 93 rattan 148‑49,165 ‑traders 148
reef 81‑85, 90, 92, 93 residue formation '193‑95, 197 resource
‑depletion 3, 121, 164 ‑management 2,3,121 ‑use 82
return rate 159, 164, 167 Risso'sdolphin 64
romu (red shell beads) 29, 34
s
sago (1lfetroayton spp.) 89, 94, 98, 99, 102‑03
sS (a zs.gihle 41ISIand 121‑22,124
225
226
sea‑cucumber (see also trepang) 3, 84, 112 searights 81
sea tenure 81, 82, 130 seaterritoty 81 sea turtle 3, 83, 92
seaweed 111
seke(=fish‑aggregating device) 121, 125‑26, 128‑29, !30‑37.,142 SemaqBeri 147‑51
Senoi (see also Orang Asli, Semaq Beri) 147 sex‑age categories 150, 156, 159, 163 shark fin 3, 111, 114, 116
shell beads 29‑‑31
shellmoney 29‑36 ‑‑‑production 29,30,50 shell (fish) 3, 26, 29, 30, 111, 116 Singapore 117, 178, 184, 186 single‑outriggercanoe 91
small‑scale fishery 81, 105, 175‑77, 203 social change 89, 102･‑03
Solomon Islands 55, 67
soma (small‑scale purse‑seine) 137‑143
SouthChinaSea 203
southwestern Pacific 1, 106 spaceusepattern 84 spear‑gun 154‑55
spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris) 61, 62 stone weir 12
Strait of Malacca 203, 215 stripeddolphin 62
subsistence 82, 89, 90, 98, 102‑03, 156 sustainableresourcemanagement 2
T
tatak (=:single‑outrigger canoe) 91 tcij71ìae (=red‑shell money) 31, 77 territoriality 81, 82, 144
Thailand 185
tide 22, 23, 59,'207, 213‑15 tidal condition 207, 215
tiger prawn (Penaeus monocipon) 180 Tilamuta 107
time allocation 19‑21, 81, 93, 95, 96, 99‑100, 102‑03, 156, 167
time‑checkmethod 213
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