LQIRGRL
࠙ཎⴭㄽᩥࠚ
Ꮫ⏕ࡀㄆ▱ࡋࡓ୧ぶࡢኵ፬㛵ಀࡀඹឤᛶ
ྥ♫ⓗ⾜ື࠼ࡿᙳ㡪
㸫ぶࡢ㣴⫱ែᗘࢆ፹ኚᩘࡋ࡚㸫
ᒣෆ⨾㤶
㸯࣭㛗㇂ᕝ
㸰㸦㸯㸸ᮾᾏᏛ㝔ᏛᏛ㝔ே㛫㛵ಀᏛ◊✲⛉㸪㸰㸸ᮾᾏᏛ㝔Ꮫே㛫㛵ಀᏛ㒊㸧
せ ⣙
ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪୧ぶࡢኵ፬㛵ಀ㣴⫱ែᗘࡢㄆ▱ࡀᏛ⏕ࡢඹឤᛶྥ♫ⓗ⾜ືཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋᏛ⏕
226ྡࢆᑐ㇟㉁ၥ⣬ㄪᰝࢆ⾜࠸㸪ྛኚᩘࢆ ᐃࡍࡿ㉁ၥ⣬ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋඹศᩓᵓ㐀ศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪୧ぶࡢኵ፬㛵ಀࡣ୧ ぶࡢ ࠸㣴⫱ែᗘṇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼㸪㐣ᖸ΅㈇ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ẕぶࡢ ࠸㣴⫱ែᗘࡣᏛ⏕ࡢඹឤ
ⓗ㛵ᚰീᛶṇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼㸪 㐣ᖸ΅ࡣᏛ⏕ࡢಶேⓗⱞ③ṇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ፹ศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪 ୧ぶࡢኵ፬㛵ಀࡢⰋዲࡉࡣ㸪ẕぶࡢ ࠸㣴⫱ែᗘࢆᙉࡵࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ඹឤⓗ㛵ᚰࡢቑຍࢆᑟࡁ㸪ẕぶࡢ㐣ᖸ΅ࢆᙅ
ࡵࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ಶேⓗⱞ③ࢆపୗࡉࡏࡿࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ᭦㸪Ꮫ⏕ࡢඹឤⓗ㛵ᚰࡣྥ♫ⓗ⾜ືṇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ
࠼㸪ಶேⓗⱞ③ࡣ㈇ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼࡚࠸ࡓࠋ௨ୖࡼࡾ㸪୧ぶࡢኵ፬㛵ಀࡢⰋዲࡉࡣ㸪ẕぶࡢ㣴⫱ែᗘࢆࡋ࡚㛫᥋ⓗ
ඹឤᛶࡸྥ♫ⓗ⾜ື㛵㐃ࡍࡿࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸸ኵ፬㛵ಀ㸪㣴⫱ែᗘ㸪ඹឤᛶ㸪ྥ♫ⓗ⾜ື
ཷ✏ ᰝㄞᑂᰝࢆ⤒࡚ ཷ⌮
ၥ㢟┠ⓗ
Ꮚࡶࡗ࡚ࡣࡌࡵ࡚㛵ࢃࡾࢆࡶࡘ⪅ࡣぶ࡛࠶ࡿ
ࡓࡵ㸪ぶࡢ㣴⫱ែᗘࡀᏊࡶࡢࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸࡸ⢭⚄ⓗ
ᗣ࡞ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿࡇࡀᐜ᫆ീ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ぶࡢ㣴⫱ែᗘࡀᏊࡶ࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡘ
࠸࡚┒ࢇ᳨ウࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣぶ ࡢ㣴⫱ែᗘࢆ ᐃࡍࡿᑻᗘࡋ࡚㸪Parental Bonding
Instrument(PBI; Parker, Tupling, & Brown, 1979)ࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡇࡀከ࠸ࠋPBI ࡣ
16ṓࡲ࡛య㦂ࡋࡓ∗ぶ
ẕぶࡢ㣴⫱ែᗘࢆ㸪ᡂே㐩ࡋࡓᏊࡶࡢグ᠈ᇶ࡙
࠸࡚ ᐃࡍࡿᑻᗘ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪Ꮚࡶឡࢆឤࡌࡉࡏࡿᨭ ᣢⓗ࡞ぶࡢ㣴⫱ែᗘࢆᫎࡍࡿࠕ ࡉ(care)ࠖ㸪Ꮚ
ࡶࢆ᮰⦡ࡋ㸪ぶࡢពᛮἢ࠺ࡼ࠺ࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡋࡼ࠺
ࡍࡿ㣴⫱ែᗘࢆᫎࡍࡿࠕ㐣ᖸ΅(over-protection)ࠖ
࠸࠺
2ୗᑻᗘࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ከࡃࡢඛ⾜◊✲࠾࠸࡚㸪PBI ࡛ ᐃࡉࢀࡿぶࡢ㣴⫱
ែᗘࡢ
2ഃ㠃࠺ࡘࡸᢚ࠺ࡘࡢ㛵㐃ࡀ᳨ウࡉࢀ࡚࠸
ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤ㸪᪥ᮏேປാ⪅ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓㄪᰝ࠾࠸࡚㸪
㉁ၥ⣬࡛≉ᐃࡉࢀࡓ࠺ࡘᛶ㞀ᐖࡢ⤒㦂⪅ࡣᮍ⤒㦂⪅
ࡼࡾࡶ㸪ẕぶࡢ㣴⫱ࡢ ࡉࡀప࠸ࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓ(Sato
et al., 1997)ࠋࡲࡓ㸪᪂ධ♫ဨࡢዪᛶࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓㄪᰝ࡛ࡣ㸪㐣ཤ
2ᖺ௨ෆࡢ࠺ࡘ࢚ࣆࢯ࣮ࢻࢆ
1ᅇ⤒㦂ࡋ ࡓࡇࡀ࠶ࡿ⩌ࡣ⤒㦂ࡋࡓࡇࡀ࡞࠸⩌ࡼࡾࡶ㸪∗ぶࡢ 㣴⫱ࡢ ࡉࡀప࠸ࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓ(Kitamura et al.,
1998)ࠋ᭦㸪⏣୰࣭㧘ᶫ࣭㓇࣭┾ᴿ
ᇛ࣭Ⳣཎ(2010)ࡣ㸪
9-18
ṓࡢཧຍ⪅ࢆ
2ᖺ㛫㏣㊧ࡋ㸪୍Ⅼ┠ ᐃࡉࢀ
ࡓ㸪ࡑࡢⅬ࡛ཧຍ⪅ࡀㄆ▱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓẕぶࡢ㣴⫱ࡢ ࡉࡀࡑࡢᚋࡢᢚ࠺ࡘࡢపୗ㛵㐃ࡍࡿࡇࢆぢฟࡋࡓࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪ඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪୧ぶࡢ㣴⫱ែᗘࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪୧ ぶࡢኵ፬㛵ಀࡶᏊࡶࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ
ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㧗ᶫ(1998)ࡣ㸪 ࠕ୧ぶ㛫ࡢឡࠖࠕ୧ ぶ㛫ࡢⴱ⸨ゎỴࠖ࠸࠺
2ୗᑻᗘࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿᏊ
ࡶࡢホ౯ࡼࡿ୧ぶ㛫ࡢ㛵ಀᑻᗘࢆసᡂࡋࡓୖ࡛㸪୰Ꮫ
⏕ࡀ▱ぬࡋࡓ୧ぶࡢኵ፬㛵ಀࡀ୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢ⢭⚄ⓗᗣ
࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪୧ぶࡢኵ፬㛵ಀ
ࡢ
2ഃ㠃ࡢⰋዲࡉࡣ㸪୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢ୧ぶᑐࡍࡿぶᛶࡢቑ
ຍࢆࡋ࡚୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢ⢭⚄ⓗᗣࡢᨵၿᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿࡇ
ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ᭦㸪㕥ᒣ࣭ᚨ⏣(2009)ࡣᏊࡶࡢホ౯
ࡼࡿ୧ぶ㛫ࡢ㛵ಀᑻᗘࢆ⏝࠸㸪㧗ᰯ⏕ࡀホ౯ࡋࡓ୧ぶ ࡢኵ፬㛵ಀࡀ㧗ᰯ⏕ࡢ⢭⚄ⓗᗣཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸࡚
᳨ウࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪୧ぶ㛫ࡢឡ୧ぶ㛫ࡢⴱ⸨ゎỴ
࠸࠺
2ୗᑻᗘࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡓࠕኵ፬㛵ಀࠖ࠸࠺₯
ᅾኚᩘࡀ㸪ᐙ᪘ᶵ⬟ࡢⰋዲࡉ(ᐙ᪘ᡂဨ㛫ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮
ࢩࣙࣥࡸࡲࡲࡾࡢⰋࡉ㸪┦ࡢホ౯ࡸᰂ㌾ᛶࡢ㧗ࡉ㸪
࠾ࡼࡧ࣮ࣝࣝࡢ᫂☜ࡸ㑂Ᏺ࠸ࡗࡓㅖഃ㠃
;すฟ,
1993)ࢆࡋ࡚Ᏻࡢపୗ㛵㐃ࡍࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ୧ぶࡢኵ፬㛵ಀࡣᏊࡶᑐࡍࡿ㣴⫱ែᗘࡶᙳ㡪ࢆ
ཬࡰࡍࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋⳢཎ (2002)ࡣ㸪Ꮚࡶ
ࡀㄌ⏕ࡋ࡚ࡽ
11ᖺ┠ࡢኵ፬ࢆᑐ㇟ㄪᰝࢆ⾜࠸㸪ኵ
፬ࡢ┦ᡭᑐࡍࡿឡᏊࡶᑐࡍࡿ㣴⫱ែᗘࡢ ࡉࡸ㐣ᖸ΅ࡢ㛵㐃ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪∗ぶ ࡢẕぶᑐࡍࡿឡẕぶࡢ∗ぶᑐࡍࡿឡࡣࡑࢀࡒ
ࢀ㸪ྛぶࡢᏊࡶᑐࡍࡿ㣴⫱ែᗘࡢ ࡉṇࡢᙳ㡪
ࢆ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
ඛ㏙ࡢ㏻ࡾ㸪ከࡃࡢඛ⾜◊✲ࡼࡾ㸪୧ぶࡢኵ፬㛵ಀ
㣴⫱ែᗘࡀᏊࡶࡢ⢭⚄ⓗᗣཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸࡚
☜ㄆࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࡢᙳ㡪ࡢᙉࡉࢆ⪃៖ࡍࡿ㸪 ୧ぶࡢኵ፬㛵ಀ㣴⫱ែᗘࡀᏊࡶࡢࡢᚰ⌮ⓗኚᩘ
ࡶᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡽ
ࡢ
2せᅉࡀᏊࡶ࡛࠶ࡿᏛ⏕ࡢඹឤᛶཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪
ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࠋ
ඹឤᛶࡣᑐே⾜ືࢆつᐃࡍࡿ㔜せ࡞ᚰ⌮ⓗኚᩘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ඹឤᛶࡢୗศ㢮ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᵝࠎ࡞ࣔࢹࣝࡀᥦࡉࢀ࡚
࠸ ࡿ ࡀ 㸪 ᑐ ே ᛂ ᛶ ᣦ ᶆ
(Interpersonal Reactivity Index: IRI; Davis, 1980)ࡼࡗ࡚ ᐃࡉࢀࡿ4ࡘࡢୗ
ศ㢮ࡀ᥇⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡇࡀከ࠸ࠋIRI ࡣ㸪⪅ࡢⱞ③ࡢほ ᐹࡼࡾ⮬ᕫ⏕㉳ࡉࢀࡿᏳࡸᜍᛧࡽࢃࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ
࠺⛬ᗘࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࠕಶேⓗⱞ③ࠖ 㸪ྠ࡞ࡢ⪅ᣦྥⓗ
ឤࡢႏ㉳ࡉࢀࡸࡍࡉࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࠕඹឤⓗ㛵ᚰࠖ 㸪⪅ࡢ どⅬ❧ࡗ࡚ࡑࡢ⪅ࡢẼᣢࡕࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ⛬ᗘࢆ ᐃࡍࡿ
ࠕどⅬྲྀᚓࠖ 㸪≀ㄒ࡞ࡢࣇࢡࢩࣙࣥࡢⓏሙே≀㸪⮬
ศࢆ⨨ࡁ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺ീࡍࡿഴྥࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࠕീᛶࠖ
ࡢ
4ᅉᏊࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࠋ
IRI
ࢆ⏝࠸㸪ᑻᗘ㛫ࡢ┦㛵ಀᩘࢆ⟬ฟࡋࡓඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ
⤖ᯝࡽ㸪ඹឤᛶࡢ
4ഃ㠃ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ඹឤⓗ㛵ᚰどⅬྲྀ
ᚓࡣྥ♫ⓗ⾜ືࡢቑຍ㛵㐃ࡍࡿࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸
ࡿ(⳥ụ, 2008)ࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᨷᧁᛶࡢୗഃ㠃ࡢ㛵㐃ࡘ࠸
࡚ࡣ㸪ඹឤⓗ㛵ᚰࡣᩛព㸪㌟యⓗᨷᧁ㸪ゝㄒⓗᨷᧁ㸪 どⅬྲྀᚓࡣ▷Ẽ㸪ᩛព㸪㌟యⓗᨷᧁ㈇ࡢ┦㛵ࡀㄆࡵࡽ
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ୍᪉㸪ಶேⓗⱞ③ࡣ▷Ẽ㸪ᩛព㸪㌟యⓗᨷᧁ
ṇࡢ┦㛵ࡀ㸪ゝㄒⓗᨷᧁ㈇ࡢ┦㛵ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(᪥
㐨, 2017)ࠋ᭦㸪ඹឤⓗ㛵ᚰࡣ≉ᛶᏳ㈇ࡢ┦㛵ࡀ㸪
⮬ᑛឤṇࡢ┦㛵ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ୍᪉㸪ീᛶࡣ≉
ᛶᏳᙅ࠸ṇࡢ┦㛵ࡀ㸪 ಶேⓗⱞ③ࡣ≉ᛶᏳṇࡢ㸪
⮬ᑛឤࡣ㈇ࡢ୰➼ᗘࡢ┦㛵ࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(᪥㐨,
2017)ࠋඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ぶࡢ㣴⫱ែᗘᏊࡶࡢඹឤᛶࡢ㛵㐃
ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ᳨ウࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋὸ㔝(2016)ࡣ୰Ꮫ⏕
ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓㄪᰝࢆ⾜࠸㸪ぶࡢ㣴⫱ែᗘࡀ㸪ඹឤⓗ㛵ᚰ
どⅬྲྀᚓࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡓඹឤᛶࡢ₯ᅾኚᩘཬࡰࡍᙳ 㡪ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ぶࡢཷᐜⓗ࡞㣴⫱
ែᗘ㸪Ꮚࡶᇶᮏⓗ⏕ά⩦័ࡸ㐨ᚨᛶࢆ㌟ࡘࡅࡉ ࡏࡿാࡁࡅࢆࡍࡿ⤫ไⓗ࡞㣴⫱ែᗘࡀ㸪Ꮚࡶࡢඹឤ ᛶṇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺㸪ᅜෆ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡓඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ぶࡢ㣴
⫱ែᗘࡀᏊࡶࡢඹឤᛶ࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡀ⾜
ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࡢᩘࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓ㸪➹⪅ࡀ▱ࡿ㝈ࡾ
࡛ࡣ㸪୧ぶࡢኵ፬㛵ಀࡀᏊࡶࡢඹឤᛶཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪
ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ๓㏙ࡢ㏻ࡾ㸪ඹឤᛶࡣᑐ
ே⾜ືᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿ㔜せ࡞ኚᩘ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡑࡢኚᐜ ᪉ἲࢆ☜❧ࡍࡿࡇࡣ㸪ᐇ㊶ⓗ࡞㠃ࡽ⪃࠼࡚ព⩏ࡀ
࠶ࡿࠋ୧ぶࡢኵ፬㛵ಀࡸ㣴⫱ែᗘࡀඹឤᛶࡢつᐃᅉ࡛࠶
ࡿࡢࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾ㸪ඹឤᛶࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡓࡵ㸪 ୧ぶࡢኵ፬㛵ಀࡸ㣴⫱ែᗘ╔┠ࡍࡿࡇࡀ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿ
ࡢࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ㞟ᅋ࠾
࠸࡚♧ࡉࢀࡿඹឤᛶࡢつᐃᅉࡢೃ⿵ࡋ࡚㸪୧ぶࡢኵ፬ 㛵ಀ㣴⫱ែᗘࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ
᭦ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ඹឤᛶࡢ㛵㐃ࡀ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚
࠸ࡿྥ♫ⓗ⾜ືࡶྲྀࡾୖࡆ㸪୧ぶࡢኵ፬㛵ಀ㣴⫱ែ
ᗘ࠾ࡼࡧᏛ⏕ࡢඹឤᛶࡀྥ♫ⓗ⾜ື࠼ࡿᙳ㡪
ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ୧ぶࡢኵ፬㛵ಀࡸ㣴⫱ែᗘࡣ㸪Ꮚ
ࡶ࡛࠶ࡿᏛ⏕ࡢ⢭⚄ⓗᗣࢆึࡵࡍࡿᵝࠎ࡞ᚰ⌮ⓗ
ኚᩘᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ(e.g., ᇼ࣭㛗㇂
ᕝ, 2018; ᡭ⣡࣭࣭ᔱᓮ, 2004; Ᏹ㒔ᐑ, 2004, 2005)㸪
Ꮫ⏕ࡣ౫↛ࡋ࡚ぶࡽᙉࡃᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿᖺ௦࡛
࠶ࡿゝ࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪Ꮫ⏕ࡀ♧ࡍඹឤᛶࡸྥ♫
ⓗ⾜ືࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪୧ぶࡢኵ፬㛵ಀࡸ㣴⫱ែᗘࡼࡗ࡚
ᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀணࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ᮏ◊✲᳨࡛ドࢆ⾜࠺௬ㄝࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡎ㸪 Ⳣཎ(2002)ࡀ⾜ࡗࡓㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ኵ፬㛫ࡢឡᗘࡀ㧗
࠸㸪∗ẕࡶᏊࡶᑐࡍࡿ㣴⫱ែᗘࡀ ࡃ࡞
ࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ୧ぶࡢኵ፬㛵ಀࡀⰋዲ࡛࠶ࡿ㸪
࠾࠸㢗ࡾྜ࠺ࡇ࡛Ꮚ⫱࡚ᑐࡋ࡚ࡢᏳࡀゎᾘࡉ
ࢀ㸪ኵ፬ࡢ⢭⚄≧ែࡶᏳᐃࡍࡿࡇࡽ㸪Ꮚࡶᑐࡋ
࡚ ࡃ᥋ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪
Ꮫ⏕ࡀㄆ▱ࡋࡓ୧ぶࡢኵ፬㛵ಀࡢⰋዲࡉࡣ㸪୧ぶࡢ
࠸㣴⫱ែᗘṇࡢ㛵㐃ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿணࡉࢀࡿ(௬
ㄝ
1)ࠋḟ㸪୰Ꮫ⏕ࡀホ౯ࡋࡓぶࡢཷᐜⓗ࡞㣴⫱ែᗘࡀ㸪୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢඹឤⓗ㛵ᚰどⅬྲྀᚓࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡓඹឤᛶࡢ
₯ᅾኚᩘṇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ
ࡽ(ὸ㔝, 2016)㸪୧ぶࡽ ࠸㣴⫱ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓᏊࡶ
ࡣ㸪 ࠸ឤࡌࡿ⾜ືࢆࡼࡃ▱ࡾ㸪┦ᡭࡀ࠺ࡋ࡚ḧ ࡋ࠸ࡢࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡓࡵ㸪┦ᡭࡢ❧ሙ࡛⪃
࠼㸪⪅ᑐࡍࡿ ࠸ឤࡀ⏕㉳ࡉࢀࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿ⪃
࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪Ꮫ⏕ࡀㄆ▱ࡋࡓ୧ぶࡢ㣴⫱ែᗘ ࡢ ࡉࡣ㸪ඹឤⓗ㛵ᚰࡸどⅬྲྀᚓṇࡢ㛵㐃ࡀㄆࡵࡽ
ࢀࡿணࡉࢀࡿ(௬ㄝ
2)ࠋ⥆࠸࡚㸪୧ぶࡀᏊࡶᑐࡋ࡚㸪⮬ศࡢពᚿࢆᢲࡋࡅࡓࡾࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿ
࡞㸪㐣ᖸ΅᥋ࡍࡿࡇ࡛㸪Ꮚࡶࡣ⮬ࡽࡢពᚿỴᐃ
ࢆ㏕ࡽࢀࡓࡸⱞ③ᑐࡍࡿᑐฎࡢ᪉ࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫࡪࡇ
ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪⪅ࡢⱞ③ࢆ┠ࡢᙜࡓࡾࡋࡓ㝿
࠺ᑐฎࡋࡓࡽⰋ࠸ࡢศࡽࡎ㸪ྠᵝࡢⱞ③ࢆឤࡌ࡚
ࡋࡲ࠺⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪୧ぶࡢ㐣ᖸ΅ࡣಶேⓗ
ⱞ③ṇࡢ㛵㐃ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿணࡉࢀࡿ(௬ㄝ
3)ࠋ᭱ᚋ㸪ඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ඹឤⓗ㛵ᚰどⅬྲྀᚓࡣྥ♫ⓗ⾜
ືṇࡢ┦㛵ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ(⳥ụ, 2008)㸪ᮏ◊✲
࡛ࡶྠᵝ㸪ඹឤⓗ㛵ᚰどⅬྲྀᚓࡣྥ♫ⓗ⾜ືṇ ࡢ㛵㐃ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿணࡉࢀࡿ(௬ㄝ
4)ࠋ᪉ἲ
ㄪᰝᑐ㇟⪅
ᮾᾏᆅ᪉ࡢ
4ᖺไᏛ▷ᮇᏛ㒊ᅾ⡠ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
Ꮫ⏕࣭▷ᮇᏛ⏕
251ྡࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓࠋㄪᰝᑐ㇟⪅ࡢ
࠺ࡕ㸪ᅇ⟅ഛࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡶࡢࢆ㝖እࡋࡓ
226ྡ(⏨ᛶ
100ྡ, ዪᛶ
126ྡ, ᖹᆒᖺ㱋
19.84ṓ,
SD = 3.22)ࢆ᭷ຠᅇ⟅⪅ࡋࡓࠋཧຍ⪅ࡢከࡃࡣ㸪ᚰ⌮Ꮫ⛉࡛㛤ㅮࡉࢀ
࡚࠸ࡿᤵᴗࡢཷㅮ⪅࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࢀ௨እࡢᤵᴗࡢཷㅮ⪅
ࡶྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㉁ၥ⣬ࡢᵓᡂ
Ꮚࡶࡢホ౯ࡼࡿ୧ぶ㛫ࡢ㛵ಀᑻᗘ㧗ᶫ
1998Ꮚࡶࡽぢࡓ୧ぶࡢኵ፬㛵ಀࢆ ᐃࡍࡿᑻᗘ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪 ୧ぶࡢឡ㛵ಀ୧ぶࡢⴱ⸨ゎỴࡢ
2ୗᑻᗘࡽᵓᡂ ࡉࢀࡿࠋ15 㡯┠ࡽ࡞ࡾ㸪ྛ㡯┠ᑐࡋ࡚㸪 ࠕ1. ࢇ
ᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࠖࡽࠕ4. ࡞ࡾᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠖࡲ࡛ࡢ
4
௳ἲ࡛ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋᚓⅬࡀ㧗࠸㸪Ꮚࡶࡼࡗ
࡚ホ౯ࡉࢀࡓ୧ぶ㛫ࡢឡࡸⴱ⸨ゎỴࡢ⛬ᗘࡀ㧗࠸ࡇ
ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡿ㝿㉳ࢆồࡵࡿᮇࢆ㸪 ᚋ㏙ࡍࡿ
PBI୍⮴ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᅇ⟅⪅ࡀ
16ṓ௨ୗࡢ ᖺ㱋࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢぶࡢኵ፬㛵ಀࡘ࠸࡚ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪ᮏᑻᗘࡣ୰Ꮫ⏕⏝సᡂࡉࢀࡓᑻᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪 ࡦࡽࡀ࡞ࡢᩥᏐࢆ㐺ᐅ₎Ꮠኚࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡓࠋୗᑻᗘ ẖྜィᚓⅬࢆ⟬ฟࡋ㸪ศᯒ࡛⏝࠸ࡓࠋ
3DUHQWDO %RQGLQJ ,QVWUXPHQW ᪥ ᮏ ㄒ ∧ 3%, .LWDPXUD 6X]XNL Ꮚࡶࡽぢࡓぶࡢ㣴⫱ែ
ᗘࢆホ౯ࡍࡿᑻᗘ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪
Parker(1979)ࡀసᡂࡋࡓᑻᗘࢆ
Kitamura & Suzuki(1993)ࡀ⩻ヂࡋࡓ᪥ᮏㄒ∧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋᮏᑻᗘࡣ ࡉ㐣ᖸ΅ࡢ
2ୗᑻᗘࡽᡂࡾ㸪
∗ぶẕぶࡢ㣴⫱ែᗘࡘ࠸࡚ࡑࢀࡒࢀᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋ ᮏᑻᗘ࡛ࡣ㸪ᅇ⟅⪅ࡀ
16ṓ௨ୗࡢᖺ㱋࡛࠶ࡗࡓయ 㦂ࡋࡓ୧ぶࡢ㣴⫱ែᗘࡘ࠸࡚ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋ∗ぶࡢ
25㡯┠ẕぶࡢ
25㡯┠ᑐࡋ࡚㸪 ࠕ0. ࡃヱᙜࡋ࡞࠸ࠖ
ࡽࠕ3. ヱᙜࡍࡿࠖࡲ࡛ࡢ
4௳ἲ࡛ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋୗᑻ ᗘẖྜィᚓⅬࢆ⟬ฟࡋ㸪ศᯒ࡛⏝࠸ࡓࠋ
᪥ ᮏ ㄒ ∧ ᑐ ே ᛂ ᛶ ᣦ ᶆ -DSDQHVH YHUVLRQ RI ,QWHUSHUVRQDO5HDFWLYLW\,QVWUXPHQW,5,-᪥㐨
ඹឤࡢ≉ᛶࢆ」ྜⓗ ᐃࡍࡿᑻᗘ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪
Davis(1980)ࡀసᡂࡋࡓᑻᗘࢆ᪥㐨(2017)ࡀ⩻ヂࡋࡓ᪥ᮏㄒ∧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋᮏᑻᗘࡣಶேⓗⱞ③㸪ඹឤⓗ㛵ᚰ㸪 どⅬྲྀᚓ㸪ീᛶࡢ
4ୗᑻᗘࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࠋ
28㡯
┠ᑐࡋ࡚㸪 ࠕ1. ࡃᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࠖࡽࠕ5. 㠀ᖖ
ࡼࡃᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠖࡲ࡛ࡢ
5௳ἲ࡛ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋୗᑻ ᗘẖྜィᚓⅬࢆ⟬ฟࡋ㸪ศᯒ࡛⏝࠸ࡓࠋ
ྥ♫ⓗ⾜ືᑻᗘ⳥ụ ᅇ⟅⪅ࡀྥ♫ⓗ⾜
ືࢆ⾜࠺㢖ᗘࢆ ᐃࡍࡿᑻᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
20㡯┠ᑐࡋ
࡚㸪 ࠕA. ࡋࡓࡇࡀ࡞࠸ࠖࡽࠕE. ࠸ࡘࡶࡋࡓࠖࡲ࡛ࡢ
5௳ἲ࡛ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋA ࡽ
Eࡲ࡛㡰␒
1Ⅼࡽ
5Ⅼࡲ࡛ࢆࡾࡾ㸪㡯┠ࡢྜィᚓⅬࢆ⟬ฟࡋ㸪ศᯒ࡛
⏝࠸ࡓࠋ
ᡭ⥆ࡁㄪᰝࡣᏛࡢㅮ⩏ᐊ࡛⾜ࡗࡓࠋᤵᴗࡢ⤊ᚋཷㅮ⪅
ᑐࡋㄪᰝࡢཧຍࢆ౫㢗ࡋ㸪㉁ၥ⣬ㄪᰝᐇࡢ๓ࡣ ㄪᰝࡢ༠ຊࡣ௵ព࡛࠶ࡾ㸪༠ຊࡍࡿࡇ࡛ಶேࢆ≉ᐃ ࡍࡿࡇࡸᡂ⦼ᫎࡉࢀࡿࡇࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ㸪ᅇ⟅ࡢ㏵
୰࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ㒔ྜࡀ⏕ࡌࡓሙྜṆࡵ࡚ࡶᵓࢃ࡞࠸ࡇ㸪 ㄪᰝࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡣᩘ㔞ࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪ಶேࡢ≉ᐃࡸሗࡀ බ㛤ࡉࢀࡿᜍࢀࡣ࡞࠸ࡇࢆㄝ᫂ࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢෆᐜ
ྠពࡋࡓ⪅ᑐࡋ࡚㸪㉁ၥ⣬ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋ࡞࠾㸪࢝࢘
Table 1 ྛᑻᗘࡢグ㏙⤫ィ㔞
㻌
N M SD ǂᏊࡶࡢホ౯ࡼࡿ୧ぶ㛫ࡢ㛵ಀᑻᗘ
୧ぶࡢឡ㛵ಀ
206 㻌 18.43 㻌 6.06 㻌 .91㻌 ୧ぶࡢⴱ⸨ゎỴ
203㻌
16.24㻌
4.52㻌
.82㻌
㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌
Parental Bonding Instrument
᪥ᮏㄒ∧
∗ぶࡢ ࡉ
203 㻌 22.85 㻌 7.84 㻌 .91 㻌∗ぶࡢ㐣ᖸ΅
203㻌
12.10㻌
6.21㻌
.79㻌 ẕぶࡢ ࡉ
217 㻌 26.09 㻌 7.51 㻌 .92 㻌ẕぶࡢ㐣ᖸ΅
219 㻌 12.21 㻌 7.27 㻌 .86 㻌㻌 㻌
㻌㻌
㻌㻌
㻌㻌
㻌᪥ᮏㄒ∧ᑐேᛂᛶᣦᶆ
ಶேⓗⱞ③
220 㻌 22.96 㻌 5.03 㻌 .80 㻌ඹឤⓗ㛵ᚰ
222 㻌 23.41 㻌 4.87 㻌 .77 㻌どⅬྲྀᚓ
222㻌
21.49㻌
3.92㻌
.60㻌 ീᛶ
221㻌
23.31㻌
5.27㻌
.78㻌 ඹឤᛶྜィ
219㻌
91.15㻌
12.87㻌
.83㻌
㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌
ྥ♫ⓗ⾜ືᑻᗘ
215㻌
56.07㻌
16.62㻌
.93㻌
ࣥࢱ࣮ࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆࡿࡓࡵ㸪Ꮚࡶࡢホ౯ࡼࡿ୧ぶ 㛫ࡢ㛵ಀᑻᗘ㸪PBI(ẕぶ)㸪
IRI-J㸪PBI(∗ぶ)㸪ྥ♫ⓗ⾜ືᑻᗘࡢ㡰␒࡛㉁ၥ⣬ࢆ⥛ࡌ㎸ࢇࡔᏊ㸪ࡑࡢ㏫ࡢ 㡰␒࡛⥛ࡌ㎸ࢇࡔᏊࡢ
2✀㢮ࢆ㓄ᕸࡋࡓࠋᮏ◊✲ࡢᐇ
ෆᐜࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᮾᾏᏛ㝔Ꮫࠕேࢆᑐ㇟ࡍࡿ◊✲ࠖ
㛵ࡍࡿ⌮ᑂᰝጤဨࡼࡾᢎㄆࢆᚓࡓࠋ
⤖ᯝ
Table 1
ྛᑻᗘࡢグ㏙⤫ィ㔞ࢆ㸪
Table 2ᑻᗘ㛫ࡢ
┦㛵ಀᩘࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋḟ㸪ぶࡢኵ፬㛵ಀࡀ㣴⫱ែᗘࢆ
ࡋ࡚Ꮫ⏕ࡢඹឤᛶ࠾ࡼࡧྥ♫ⓗ⾜ືཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪
ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ 㸪 ඹ ศ ᩓ ᵓ 㐀 ศ ᯒ ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ ࡚ ᳨ ウ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ ศ ᯒ ࡣ
Mplus 8.1(Muthén & Muthén, 1998-2017)࡛⾜ࡗࡓࠋḞᦆ್ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ሗ᭱ᑬ᥎ᐃἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚ฎ⌮ࢆ⾜
ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡎ㸪Ꮚࡶࡢホ౯ࡼࡿ୧ぶ㛫ࡢ㛵ಀᑻᗘࡢ
2ୗᑻᗘࡢ┦㛵ࡀᙉࡃ㸪ࡢᑻᗘࡢ┦㛵࠾࠸࡚㢮ఝ ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࡓࡵ㸪ࡑࡢ
2ୗᑻᗘࢆほ ኚᩘ
ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ
2ࡘࡢほ ኚᩘࡼࡗ࡚ࠕኵ፬㛵ಀࠖ࠸࠺₯
ᅾኚᩘࢆᵓᡂࡋࡓࠋḟ㸪ኵ፬㛵ಀࡽࡢࡍ࡚ࡢᑻ ᗘࣃࢫࢆᘬࡁ㸪
PBIࡢ
4ୗᑻᗘࡽඹឤᛶࡢ
4ୗ
ᑻᗘ㸪࠾ࡼࡧྥ♫ⓗ⾜ືࣃࢫࢆᘬࡁ㸪IRI-J ࡢ
4ୗ
ᑻᗘࡽྥ♫ⓗ⾜ືࣃࢫࢆᘬ࠸ࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪PBI ࡢ
4ୗᑻᗘࡢㄗᕪኚᩘ㛫┦㛵ࢆ௬ᐃࡋ㸪IRI-J ࡢㄗᕪ ኚᩘ㛫ࡶ┦㛵ࢆ௬ᐃࡋࡓࠋ࡞࠾㸪ඹឤᛶࡢኚᩘ
ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ୰ࡣ㸪ᛶูࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ⤫ไ ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࡀ(e.g., Ḉ, 2011)㸪ᮏ◊✲࠾ࡅࡿ
ࢧࣥࣉࣝࢧࢬෆ⏕ኚᩘᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿኚᩘࡢᩘࢆ⪃
៖ࡋ㸪ᛶูࡢᙳ㡪ࢆຍࡏࡎศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢࣔࢹ
ࣝࡢ㐺ྜᗘࡣ㸪
ǘ 2 (8) = 12.60, p = .13, CFI = .99, RMSEA= .05
࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ
Figure 1♧ࡋࡓࠋ
ኵ፬㛵ಀࡣ∗ぶࡢ ࡉẕぶࡢ ࡉṇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ
࠼㸪∗ぶࡢ㐣ᖸ΅ẕぶࡢ㐣ᖸ΅㈇ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿ
ࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋẕぶࡢ ࡉࡣඹឤⓗ㛵ᚰീᛶ
ṇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋẕぶࡢ㐣ᖸ΅ࡣಶே
ⓗⱞ③ീᛶṇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋඹ ឤⓗ㛵ᚰࡣྥ♫ⓗ⾜ືṇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼㸪ಶேⓗⱞ③ ࡣྥ♫ⓗ⾜ື㈇ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
ኵ፬㛵ಀࡀẕぶࡢ㣴⫱ែᗘࢆࡋ࡚ඹឤᛶᙳ㡪ࢆ
࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡢ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࣈ࣮ࢺࢫࢺࣛࢵࣉἲࡼ
ࡿ፹ศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ(ࣜࢧࣥࣉࣜࣥࢢᅇᩘ
10,000ᅇ)ࠋ࡞
࠾㸪95%CI ࡣࣂࢫࢆಟṇࡋࡓ್(bias-corrected
Table 2 ྛᑻᗘ㛫ࡢ┦㛵ಀᩘ
㻌 㻌
1 2 3 4 5 61.
୧ぶࡢឡ㛵ಀ
ʊ㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌
2.୧ぶࡢⴱ⸨ゎỴ
.67 ** ʊ㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌
3.∗ぶࡢ ࡉ
.44 ** .50 ** ʊ㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌
4.∗ぶࡢ㐣ᖸ΅
-.14 * -.27 ** -.54 ** ʊ㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌
5.ẕぶࡢ ࡉ
.35 ** .37 ** .43 ** -.33 ** ʊ㻌 㻌
6.ẕぶࡢ㐣ᖸ΅
-.29 ** -.35 ** -.40 ** .56 ** -.66 ** ʊ 7.ಶேⓗⱞ③
.02㻌
-.13㻌
.03㻌
.04㻌
-.02㻌
.19 **8.
ඹឤⓗ㛵ᚰ
.16 * .11㻌
.17 * -.13㻌
.24 ** -.15 *9.
どⅬྲྀᚓ
.06㻌
.13㻌
.10㻌
-.08㻌
.11㻌
-.13 *10.
ീᛶ
-.01㻌
-.08㻌
.05㻌
-.01㻌
.04㻌
.09㻌
11.
ඹឤᛶྜィ
.08㻌
-.00㻌
.13㻌
-.07㻌
.13㻌
.20㻌
12.ྥ♫ⓗ⾜ືᑻᗘ
.19 ** .14㻌
.16 * .00㻌
.05㻌
-.03㻌
㻌 㻌
7 8 9 10 11 121.
୧ぶࡢឡ㛵ಀ 㻌
2.
୧ぶࡢⴱ⸨ゎỴ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌
3.∗ぶࡢ ࡉ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌
4.∗ぶࡢ㐣ᖸ΅ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌
5.ẕぶࡢ ࡉ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌
6.ẕぶࡢ㐣ᖸ΅ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌
7.ಶேⓗⱞ③
ʊ㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌
8.ඹឤⓗ㛵ᚰ
.38 ** ʊ㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌
9.
どⅬྲྀᚓ
.02㻌
.38 ** ʊ㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌
10.
ീᛶ
.39 ** .27 ** .10㻌
ʊ㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌
11.
ඹឤᛶྜィ
.70 ** .75 ** .50 ** .70 ** ʊ12.
ྥ♫ⓗ⾜ືᑻᗘ
.02㻌
.44 ** .28 ** .12㻌
.30 ** ʊ** p < .01, * p < .05.
bootstrap)ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ኵ፬㛵ಀࡣẕぶࡢ ࡉ
ࢆࡋ࡚ඹឤⓗ㛵ᚰീᛶṇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼(ඹឤⓗ
㛵ᚰ㸸ᶆ‽㛫᥋ຠᯝ = .09, 95%CI[.02, .20]㸹ീᛶ㸸 ᶆ‽㛫᥋ຠᯝ = .08, 95%CI[.01, .18])㸪ẕぶࡢ㐣ᖸ΅
ࢆࡋ࡚ಶேⓗⱞ③ീᛶ㈇ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ
♧ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ
(ಶ ே ⓗ ⱞ ③ 㸸 ᶆ ‽ 㛫 ᥋ ຠ ᯝ
= -.13, 95%CI[-.26, -.05]㸹 ീ ᛶ 㸸 ᶆ ‽ 㛫 ᥋ ຠ ᯝ = -.10,
95%CI[-.22, -.02.])ࠋ᭦㸪ྥ♫ⓗ⾜ືࢆᚑᒓኚᩘࡋࡓ፹ศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ኵ፬㛵ಀࡣẕぶࡢ ࡉඹឤⓗ㛵 ᚰࢆࡋ࡚ྥ♫ⓗ⾜ືṇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼(ᶆ‽㛫᥋
ຠᯝ = .04, 95%CI[.01, .11])㸪ẕぶࡢ㐣ᖸ΅ಶேⓗⱞ
③ࢆࡋ࡚ྥ♫ⓗ⾜ືṇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉ
ࢀࡓ(ᶆ‽㛫᥋ຠᯝ = .03, 95%CI[.01, .07])㹿
1⪃ᐹ
ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪୧ぶࡢኵ፬㛵ಀࡢㄆ▱ࡀ㸪୧ぶࡢ㣴⫱ែ
ᗘࢆࡋ࡚Ꮫ⏕ࡢඹឤᛶྥ♫ⓗ⾜ື࠼ࡿᙳ㡪
1
ࡶᶆ‽㛫᥋ຠᯝࡀ᭷ព࡞ࡶࡢࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࡀ㸪
࠸ࡎࢀࡶ⊂❧ኚᩘࡽᚑᒓኚᩘ⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࡢ
ࣃࢫಀᩘࡀ᭷ព࡛ࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࡑࢀࡽࡢ⤖
ᯝࢆ┬␎ࡍࡿࠋ
.77**
-.39**
.20*
.48**
.43**
-.29**
.59**
.87**
R 2 = .08 R 2 = .35
R 2 = .19
R 2 = .16
R 2 = .08
R 2 = .07
R 2 = .03
R 2 = .06
R 2 = .27
.24* .34**
-.21**
.18*
ͤ᭷ព࡞ࣃࢫࡢࡳࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋㄗᕪኚᩘ
ㄗᕪኚᩘ㛫ࡢ┦㛵ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ┬␎
ࡋࡓࠋ
**p < .01, * p < .05.
Figure 1 ඹศᩓᵓ㐀ศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ
ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ௨ୗ࡛ࡣඹศᩓᵓ㐀ศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ
ᇶ࡙࠸࡚⪃ᐹࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ
᭱ึ㸪୧ぶࡢኵ፬㛵ಀ㣴⫱ែᗘࡢ㛵㐃ࡘ࠸࡚
⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ୧ぶࡢឡࡀ῝ࡃࡘⴱ⸨ゎỴ⬟ຊࡀ㧗࠸ኵ
፬㛵ಀࡣ㸪 ∗ぶẕぶࡢ ࡉṇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪௬ㄝ
1ࡣᨭᣢࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪ኵ፬㛫ࡢ ឡᗘࡀ㧗࠸㸪Ꮚࡶᑐࡍࡿ୧ぶࡢ㣴⫱ែᗘࡀ
࠸ࡇࢆ♧ࡋࡓⳢཎ(2002)ࡢ⤖ᯝ୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ኵ፬࠾࠸࡚㸪ឡ㛵ಀࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡇࡣ㸪࠾࠸ࢆಙ 㢗ࡋ㸪 㢗ࡾ࠶࠺ࡇࡶ⧅ࡀࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪 Ꮚ⫱࡚ᑐࡍࡿᏳࡸၥ㢟ኵ፬ே࡛❧ࡕྥ࠺ࡇ
ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ᭦㸪ኵ፬ࡢ⢭⚄≧ែࡶᏳᐃࡍ
ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪Ꮚࡶᑐࡋ࡚ඃࡋࡃኌࢆࡅࡓ
ࡾ㸪࠼ࡳࡅࡓࡾࡍࡿ ࠸㣴⫱ែᗘ࡛᥋ࡍࡿࡇ
ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ୧ぶࡢኵ፬㛵ಀࡢⰋዲࡉࡀ୧ぶࡢ㐣 ᖸ΅㈇ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼࡚࠸ࡓࠋᏊ⫱࡚࠾࠸࡚Ꮚࡶࡀ
⮬ศࡢᛮ࠸㏻ࡾ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇࡸ㸪ᛮ࠸ࡀࡅ࡞࠸⾜ືࢆ
㉳ࡇࡍࡇ࡛㸪ぶࡣࡁ࡞ࢫࢺࣞࢫࡸⴱ⸨ࢆᢪࡁ㸪Ꮚ
ࡶᑐࡋ࡚㐣ᖸ΅࡞ែᗘࢆࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ
࠺ࠋࡋࡋ㸪୧ぶࡢኵ፬㛵ಀ࠾ࡅࡿⴱ⸨ゎỴ⬟ຊࡀ㧗
࠸ሙྜ㸪Ꮚ⫱࡚ᑐࡍࡿⴱ⸨ᑐࡋ࡚ࡢゎỴ⬟ຊࡶ㧗࠸
ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪୧ぶࡢኵ፬㛵ಀ ࡢⰋዲࡉࡀ୧ぶࡢ㐣ᖸ΅ࡶᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿࡢࡔ⪃࠼ࡽ
ࢀࡿࠋ
ḟ㸪୧ぶࡢ㣴⫱ែᗘᏊࡶࡢඹឤᛶࡢ㛵㐃ࡘ
࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ୧ぶࡢ㣴⫱ែᗘࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ẕぶࡢ㣴⫱ࡢ
ࡉࡣᏊࡶࡢඹឤⓗ㛵ᚰṇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ♧
ࡉࢀ㸪௬ㄝ
2ࡣ୍㒊ᨭᣢࡉࢀࡓࠋẕぶࡽࡢ ࠸㣴⫱
ࢆཷࡅࡓᏊࡶࡣ㸪ẕぶࡽ ࡃኌࢆࡅࡽࢀࡓࡾ㸪 ᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡿᝎࡳࡘ࠸࡚⌮ゎࢆ♧ࡉࢀࡿ⤒㦂ࢆᚓࡿࡇ
ࡼࡾ㸪⪅ᣦྥⓗឤࢆᢪࡃࣔࢹࣝࢆほᐹࡍࡿᶵࡀ ቑ࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪⮬㌟ࡶ⪅ᚿྥⓗឤࢆᢪࡁࡸࡍࡃ
࡞ࡾ㸪ඹឤⓗ㛵ᚰࡢ㧗ࡉ⧅ࡀࡿࡢࡔ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
୍᪉㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪௬ㄝ
2ࡣ␗࡞ࡾ㸪୧ぶࡢ㣴⫱ࡢ ࡉࡣ㸪┦ᡭࡢ❧ሙࡽࡑࡢ⪅ࢆ⌮ゎࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿ
ㄆ▱ഴྥ࡛࠶ࡿどⅬྲྀᚓ᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞ࡗ ࡓࠋ ࡘࡲࡾ㸪 ୧ぶࡽ ࠸㣴⫱ែᗘࢆཷࡅࡓᏊࡶࡣ㸪
⪅ᚿྥⓗឤࢆᢪࡁࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿࡀ㸪┦ᡭࡢどⅬ❧ࡗ
࡚⪃࠼ࡿ⬟ຊࡀ㣴ࢃࢀࡿヂ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪ẕぶࡢ㐣ᖸ΅ࡣᏊࡶࡢಶேⓗⱞ③ṇࡢᙳ㡪
ࢆ࠼࡚࠾ࡾ㸪௬ㄝ
3ࡣ୍㒊ᨭᣢࡉࢀࡓࠋẕぶࡽ㐣ᖸ
∗ぶࡢ ࡉ
ኵ፬㛵ಀ
ẕぶࡢ㐣ᖸ΅
ẕぶࡢ ࡉ
∗ぶࡢ㐣ᖸ΅
ඹឤⓗ㛵ᚰ
どⅬྲྀᚓ
ീᛶ
ྥ♫ⓗ⾜ື
ಶேⓗⱞ③
୧ぶⴱ⸨ゎỴ
୧ぶឡ
΅ࢆཷࡅ㸪⮬ศࡢពᛮ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃẕぶࡢពᛮᚑࡗ࡚⾜ື
ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓᏊࡶࡣ㸪⮬ศุ࡛᩿ࢆࡍࡿሙ㠃࠾࠸࡚ఱࢆ
ࡋࡓࡽⰋ࠸ࡢ㸪⥭ᛴែ࠾࠸࡚࠺ᑐฎࡋࡓࡽⰋ࠸
ࡢ࠸ࡗࡓ⮬ࡽࡢពᚿỴᐃࢆ㏕ࡽࢀࡓ㝿ࡸ㸪⪅ࡢⱞ
③ࢆほᐹࡋࡓ㝿࠺ᑐฎࡋࡓࡽⰋ࠸ࡢࢆᏛ⩦ࡍࡿᶵ
ࡀᚓࡽࢀࡃ࠸ࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ேࡢⱞ③ࢆぢ ࡓ㝿㸪⮬㌟ࡶ⪅ྠᵝⱞ③ࢆឤࡌࡓࡾ㸪Ᏻࢆᢪ ࡁࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪ಶேⓗⱞ③ࡀ㧗ࡲࡿࡢࡔ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
᭦㸪ẕぶࡢ ࠸㣴⫱ែᗘ㐣ᖸ΅ࡢ୧᪉ࡀᏛ⏕
ࡢീᛶṇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋീᛶࡣ
≀ㄒ࡞ࡢࣇࢡࢩࣙࣥࡢⓏሙே≀㸪⮬ศࢆ⨨ࡁ࠼
ࡿࡼ࠺ീࡍࡿഴྥࢆᣦࡍࠋᏊࡶࡣẕぶࡽ ࠸㣴
⫱ࢆཷࡅࡓሙྜࡣ࣏ࢪࢸࣈឤࢆ㡬ࡁࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪 㐣ᖸ΅ⓗ࡞㣴⫱ࢆཷࡅࡓሙྜࡣࢿ࢞ࢸࣈឤࢆᢪࡁ
ࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡢ㣴⫱ࢆཷࡅࡓሙྜࡶ㸪Ꮚ
ࡶࡣᙉ࠸ឤࢆᢪࡃ⤒㦂ࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍࡇ࡞ࡿࡓࡵ㸪
≀ㄒࡢ୰࡛♧ࡉࢀࡿ㸪Ⓩሙே≀ࡢᵝࠎ࡞ឤࡢᥥ⯆
ࢆᢪࡁ㸪ᘬࡁ㎸ࡲࢀࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪ീᛶࡀ㧗ࡲࡿࡢ࡛
ࡣ࡞࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ẕぶࡢ㣴⫱ែᗘࡢࡳࡀᏛ⏕ࡢඹឤᛶ
ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼㸪∗ぶࡢ㣴⫱ែᗘࡢ᭷ព࡞ᙳ㡪ࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞
ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪≉ẕぶࡢ㣴⫱ࡀᏊࡶࡢᢚ
࠺ࡘࡸ⢭⚄ⓗᗣ㛵㐃ࡋࡸࡍ࠸࠸࠺ඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ▱ぢ
୍⮴ࡍࡿ( Ⳣཎ, 2002; ⏣୰, 2010; Sato et al.,
1997;ࡓࡔࡋ㸪Kitamura et al., 1998 ࡛ࡣ㸪∗ぶࡢ㣴⫱
ែᗘࡢࡳࡢᙳ㡪ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ)ࠋ∗ぶࡀᏊࡶ࠼
ࡿᙳ㡪ࡀᙅ࠸⌮⏤ࡋ࡚㸪∗ぶࡀᏊࡶ᥋ࡍࡿ㛫ࡢ
▷ࡉࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ࠼ࡤ㸪బ⸨(2015)ࡣ᪥ᮏ࢜ࣛࣥ
ࢲࡢ⫱ඣᐙᗞࡢ୧ぶࢆᑐ㇟ㄪᰝࢆ⾜࠸㸪᪥ᮏࡢ∗ぶࡀ
⫱ඣ㛵ࢃࡿ㛫ࡀᴟ➃▷࠸ࡇࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ∗Ꮚ㛫ࡢ ᥋ࡍࡿ㛫ࡢ▷ࡉࡀ㸪∗ぶࡢ㣴⫱ែᗘᏊࡶࡢඹឤᛶ ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆᙅࡵࡓࡢࡔ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ḟ㸪Ꮫ⏕ࡢඹឤᛶᏛ⏕ࡢྥ♫ⓗ⾜ືࡢ㛵 㐃ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋᏛ⏕ࡢඹឤᛶࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪༢⣧┦㛵
࡛ࡣඹឤⓗ㛵ᚰどⅬྲྀᚓࡀྥ♫ⓗ⾜ືṇࡢ┦㛵ࡀ ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࡀ㸪┦ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ⤫ไࡋࡓඹศᩓᵓ㐀ศᯒࡢ
⤖ᯝ㸪ඹឤⓗ㛵ᚰࡢࡳࡀྥ♫ⓗ⾜ືṇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼
ࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ௬ㄝ
4ࡣ୍㒊ᨭᣢࡉࢀࡓࠋඹឤⓗ㛵ᚰࡣ
⪅ࡢ㐠࡞ឤయ㦂ᑐࡋ࡚ྠࡍࡿ࡞㸪⪅ᚿྥࡢ ࠸Ẽᣢࡕࢆᣢࡘഴྥ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪 ࠕᛮ࠸ࡸࡾ⾜ືࠖࡸ
ࠕᑠࡉ࡞ぶษ⾜ືࠖゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿྥ♫ⓗ⾜ື㛵㐃 ࡍࡿࡢࡔ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢඹឤⓗ㛵ᚰྥ♫ⓗ⾜ື
ࡢ㛫ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓṇࡢ㛵㐃ࡣ㸪⳥ụ(2008)ࡢ⤖ᯝ୍⮴
ࡍࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪⳥ụ(2008)ࡣどⅬྲྀᚓྥ♫ⓗ⾜ືࡶ
ṇࡢ┦㛵ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࢆぢฟࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪༢⣧┦㛵࡛ࡣᮏ◊
✲࡛ࡶྠᵝࡢ⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋᮏ◊✲࡛⾜ࡗࡓඹศᩓᵓ 㐀ศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡿ㸪どⅬྲྀᚓྥ♫ⓗ⾜ືࡢ 㛵㐃ࡣඹឤⓗ㛵ᚰࡢᙳ㡪ࢆࡋࡓఝ┦㛵࡛࠶ࡿゝ࠼
ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇࡽྥ♫ⓗ⾜ືࡣ㸪⪅ࡢ❧ሙ❧ࡗ࡚
≀ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿഴྥࡼࡾࡶ㸪㐠࡞⪅ᑐࡍࡿྠ࠸
ࡗࡓ⪅ᚿྥⓗឤࡢᢪࡁࡸࡍࡉࡼࡗ࡚ಁࡉࢀࡿࡇ
ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
࡞࠾㸪Ꮫ⏕ࡢಶேⓗⱞ③ࡣྥ♫ⓗ⾜ື㈇ࡢᙳ㡪
ࢆ࠼ࡓࠋྥ♫ⓗ⾜ືᑻᗘࡢ୰ࡣ㸪 ࠕᐙ᪘ࡢㄌ⏕᪥ࡸ
ẕࡢ᪥࡞㸪ᐙ㟁ヰࡋࡓࡾࣉࣞࢮࣥࢺࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࠖ
࠸ࡗࡓ᪥ᖖ⏕ά࠾ࡅࡿⱞ③ࢆឤࡌ࡞࠸⾜ືࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ
࡞ࡃ㸪 ࠕࢣ࢞ேࡸᛴேࡀฟࡓࡁ㸪ᢪࡋࡓࡾᩆᛴ㌴ࢆ
ࢇࡔࡾࡍࡿࠖ࠸ࡗࡓ⥭㏕ࡋࡓ≧ἣ࠾ࡅࡿ⾜ືࡶྵ
ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋಶேⓗⱞ③ࡣ㸪⪅ࡢⱞ③ࡢほᐹࡼࡾ⮬
ᕫ⏕㉳ࡉࢀࡿᏳࡸᜍᛧࡽࢃࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺⛬ᗘ࡛࠶
ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ಶேⓗⱞ③ࡀᙉ࠸⪅ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ≧ἣ┤㠃ࡋࡓ
ᙉࡃᏳࢆᢪ࠸࡚ࡋࡲ࠸㸪⮬ศࡀឤࡌࡿⱞ③ࡀᙉࡃ㸪
⪅㓄៖ࡍࡿవ⿱ࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ྥ♫ⓗ⾜ືࡀῶ ᑡࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
᭱ᚋ㸪୧ぶࡢኵ፬㛵ಀࡀඹឤᛶࡸྥ♫ⓗ⾜ືཬ
ࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ୧ぶࡢኵ፬㛵ಀࡢⰋዲࡉࡣ ୧ぶࡢ㣴⫱ែᗘࡢࡳᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼㸪Ꮫ⏕ࡢඹឤᛶࡸྥ
♫ⓗ⾜ື┤᥋ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼࡚࠸࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪፹
ศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪୧ぶࡢኵ፬㛵ಀࡣ㸪୧ぶࡢ㣴⫱ែᗘࢆࡋ
࡚㛫᥋ⓗᏛ⏕ࡢඹឤᛶ࠾ࡼࡧྥ♫ⓗ⾜ືᙳ㡪ࢆ
ཬࡰࡍࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ㛵㐃ࡋ࡚㸪㕥ᒣ࣭ᚨ⏣
(2009)ࡀ⾜ࡗࡓㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪୧ぶࡢኵ፬㛵ಀࡢㄆ▱ࡣᐙ
᪘ᶵ⬟ࢆࡋ࡚Ꮚࡶࡢ≉ᛶᏳ㛵㐃ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪┤᥋
ⓗࡣᏊࡶࡢ≉ᛶᏳᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡉ࡞࠸ࡇࡀ♧ࡉ
ࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪Ꮚࡶࡢᗣࡸ㐺ᛂࡣ㸪୧ぶࡢኵ፬㛵 ಀࢆほᐹࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡎ㸪ኵ፬㛵ಀࡢ
⤖ᯝ⏕ࡌࡿᐙ᪘ᶵ⬟ࡸ୧ぶࡢ㣴⫱ែᗘ࠸ࡗࡓ㸪Ꮚࡶ
┤᥋㛵ࢃࡿኚࡼࡗ࡚ᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ
ࡿࠋ
ᮏ◊✲ࡣ㸪୧ぶࡢኵ፬㛵ಀࡢㄆ▱ࡀᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍせᅉ
ࡸ㸪ࡑࡢ㐣⛬ࢆ♧၀ࡋࡓⅬ࠾࠸࡚㸪ඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ㝈⏺Ⅼ
ࢆᨵၿࡋࡓ᪂ࡓ࡞▱ぢࢆᥦ౪ࡋࡓ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡋࡋ㸪 ᮏ◊✲ࡣ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞㝈⏺Ⅼࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡎ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛
ࡣᇶᮏⓗ㸪 ࠕぶࠖࡀࠕἲᚊୖࡢぶࠖ 㸪 ࠕኵ፬ࠖࡀࠕ፧ጻ㛵 ಀ࠶ࡿ୍⤌ࡢ⏨ዪ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡇࢆᛕ㢌⨨࠸᳨࡚ウࢆ
⾜ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ཧຍ⪅ࡀ㉳ࡋࡓぶࡸኵ፬ࡀ㸪ୖグ௨እࡢ㛵
ಀ࠶ࡿ⪅࡛࠶ࡗࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᚋࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇ
ࢀࡽࡀኚᩘ㛫ࡢ㛵㐃ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ☜ㄆࡍࡿ
ࡇࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿࠋ
ḟ㸪ᮏ◊✲ࡢㄪᰝᑐ㇟⪅ࡣᏛ⏕ࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪୧ぶ ࡢኵ፬㛵ಀ㣴⫱ែᗘࡣᏛ⏕ࡢሗ࿌ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ ᐃࡉ
ࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪 ᐃ⤖ᯝࡀᐇ㝿ࡢ୧ぶࡢኵ፬㛵ಀࡸ㣴
⫱ែᗘࡣ␗࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᐇ㝿ࡢ୧ぶࡢኵ፬㛵ಀ
㣴⫱ែᗘࡼࡾࡶ㸪Ꮫ⏕⮬㌟ࡀㄆ▱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ୧ぶࡢኵ
፬㛵ಀ㣴⫱ែᗘࡢ᪉ࡀᏛ⏕࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡣࡁ࠸
⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪ࡼࡾṇ☜ ᐃࡉࢀࡓ୧ぶࡢኵ፬㛵ಀ
㣴⫱ែᗘࡀᏛ⏕ࡢඹឤᛶࡸྥ♫ⓗ⾜ືᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰ
ࡍࡢࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇࡶ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪୧ぶ⮬
㌟ࡀㄆ▱ࡍࡿኵ፬㛵ಀࡸ㣴⫱ែᗘࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ ᐃࡋ㸪Ꮚ
ࡶࡢඹឤᛶࡸྥ♫ⓗ⾜ື࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ
ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪୧ぶࡢኵ፬㛵ಀ㣴⫱ែᗘࡘ
࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⏕ࡢ
16ṓࡲ࡛ࡢグ᠈ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ ᐃࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪グ᠈ࡢ᭕ࡉࡸ㸪⌧ᅾࡢኵ፬㛵ಀ࠾ࡼࡧ㣴⫱
ែᗘࡢᙳ㡪ࡼࡾ㸪 ᐃ⤖ᯝࣂࢫࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ
ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋㄪᰝᑐ㇟⪅ࢆᏛ⏕࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪
16ṓᮍ‶
ࡢᏊࡶタᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡛㸪グ᠈ࡢṍࡳࡢᙳ㡪ࢆᢚ࠼࡚
୧ぶࡢኵ፬㛵ಀ㣴⫱ែᗘࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࢁ
࠺ࠋ
ᮏ◊✲࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓ▱ぢࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡿ㸪ẕぶࡢ㣴⫱ែᗘ
ࢆኚᐜࡍࡿࡇࡀ㸪Ꮚࡶࡢඹឤᛶࡸྥ♫ⓗ⾜ື⫯
ᐃⓗ࡞ኚࢆ⏕ࡌࡉࡏࡿୖ࡛᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪୧ぶࡢ㣴⫱ែᗘࢆᨵၿࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣ㸪୧ぶࡢኵ፬ 㛵ಀࢆⰋዲ࡞≧ែಖࡘࡇࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉ
ࢀࡿࠋᚋࡣ㸪ୖグࡢㄢ㢟Ⅼࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓ᭦࡞ࡿ᳨ウࢆ✚
ࡳ㔜ࡡ㸪Ꮚࡶࡢඹឤᛶࡸᑐே⾜ື⫯ᐃⓗ࡞ኚࢆ⏕
ࡌࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡢ᪉ἲࢆ☜❧ࡍࡿࡇࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩
ὸ㔝 Ⰻ㍜࣭ྜྷ⃝ ᐶஅ࣭ྜྷ⏣ ⌶ဢ࣭ཎ⏣ ▱ె࣭⋢ 㣁
୍࣭ྜྷ⏣ ಇ (2016). 㣴⫱⪅ࡢ㣴⫱ែᗘࡀ㟷ᖺࡢ 㣴⫱ㄆ▱ࢆࡋ࡚♫࠼ࡿᙳ㡪 ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲,
87, 284-293Davis. M. H. (1980). A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy. Journal Supplement Abstract Service Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 10, 85.
᪥㐨 ಇஅ࣭ᑠᒣෆ ⚽࣭ᚋ⸨ ⚅ᚿ࣭⸨⏣ ᘺୡ࣭Ἑᮧ
ᝆኴ࣭Davis, M. H.࣭㔝ᮧ ⌮ᮁ (2017). ᪥ᮏㄒ∧ᑐ
ேᛂᛶᣦᶆࡢసᡂ ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲,
88, 61-71ᇼ ⥤⳹࣭㛗㇂ᕝ (2018). ぶࡢ㣴⫱ែᗘࡀᏛ⏕ࡢ
Ⓩᰯഴྥཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪̿̿㈹㈶⋓ᚓḧồ࣭ᣄྰᅇ㑊 ḧồ࠾ࡼࡧᑐேࢫࢺࣞࢫࢆ፹ኚᩘࡋ࡚̿̿ ᮾ ᾏᏛ㝔Ꮫ⣖せ,
12, 29-39.ᡭ⣡ ᝅ࣭ ❶࣭ᔱᓮ ⿱ᚿ (2004). ዪᏊᏛ⏕࠾ࡅ
ࡿぶᏊ㛵ಀᦤ㣗㞀ᐖഴྥ ᗣᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲,
17(2), 32-41.⳥ụ ❶ኵ (1988). ᛮ࠸ࡸࡾࢆ⛉Ꮫࡍࡿ̿̿ྥ♫ⓗ⾜
ືࡢᚰ⌮ࢫ࢟ࣝ̿̿ ᕝᓥ᭩ᗑ
⳥ụ ❶ኵ (2008). ♫ⓗࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡢᚰ⌮Ꮫ ᕝᓥ᭩ᗑ
Kitamura, T., & Suzuki, T. (1993). A validation studyof the Parental Bonding Instrument in a Japanese population. The Japanese Journal of Psychiatry and Neurology, 47, 29-36.
Kitamura, T., Kijima, N., Aihara, W., Tomoda, A., Fukuda, R., & Yamamoto, M. (1998). Depression and early experiences among young Japanese women: Multiple facets of experiences and subcategories of depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health, 1, 27-37.
Muthén, L. K. & Muthén, B. O. (1998–2017). Mplus User’s Guide. Eighth Edition. Los Angeles, CA:
Muthén & Muthén.
すฟ 㝯⣖ (1993). ᐙ᪘ࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺࣥ࣋ࣥࢺ࣮ࣜࡢ సᡂ̿̿ᐙ᪘ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᶵ⬟ࡢ ᐃ̿̿ ᐙ᪘ᚰ⌮Ꮫ
◊✲,
7, 53-65.Parker, G., Tupling, H., & Brown, L, B. (1979). A Parental Bonding Instrument. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 52, 1-10.
Ḉ ⱱ⏨࣭ⴥᒣ ᆅ࣭㕥ᮌ 㧗ᚿ࣭ఫ ᜨ࣭ⴗཎ ಇ ᙪ࣭㕥ᮌ ࡳࡺࡁ͐ཬᕝ ༓㒔Ꮚ (2011). ⪅ࡢ࣏ࢪ ࢸࣈឤࡢඹឤⓗឤᛂྥ♫ⓗ⾜ື㸪ᨷ ᧁ⾜ືࡢ㛵ಀ ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲,
82, 123-131.బ⸨ ῄᏊ (2015). ࣮࣡ࢡ㺃ࣛࣇ㺃ࣂࣛࣥࢫஙᗂඣࢆ
ᣢࡘ∗ẕࡢ⫱ඣ⾜ື⫱ඣឤ̿̿᪥ᮏ࢜ࣛࣥࢲ ࡢẚ㍑̿̿ ᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲,
63, 345-358.Sato, T., Uehara, T., Sakado, K., Nishioka, K., Ozaki, N., Nakamura, M., & Kasahara, Y. (1997).
Dysfunctional parenting and a lifetime history of depression in a volunteer sample of Japanese workers. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 96, 306- 310.
Ⳣཎ ࡲࡍࡳ࣭ඵᮌୗ ᬡᏊ࣭ルᦶ ⣖Ꮚ࣭ᑠἨ ᬛᜨ࣭℩
ᆅᒣ ⴥ▮࣭Ⳣཎ ࣭ᮧ ಇ๎ (2002). ኵ፬㛵ಀ
ඣ❺ᮇࡢᏊࡶࡢᢚ࠺ࡘഴྥࡢ㛵㐃̿̿ᐙ᪘ᶵ
⬟࠾ࡼࡧ୧ぶࡢ㣴⫱ែᗘࢆ፹ࡋ࡚̿̿ ᩍ⫱ᚰ
⌮Ꮫ◊✲,
50, 129-140㕥ᒣ ྍዉᏊ࣭ᚨ⏣ ᬛ௦ (2009). ኵ፬㛵ಀ࠾ࡼࡧᐙ᪘ࢩ ࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᶵ⬟≧ែࡀ㟷ᖺᮇࡢᏳཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪 ᐙ ᪘ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲,
23, 1-11㧗ᶫ ┤⨾ (1998). ୧ぶ㛫࠾ࡼࡧぶᏊ㛫ࡢ㛵ಀᏊࡶ
ࡢ⢭⚄ⓗᗣࡢ㛵㐃ࡘ࠸࡚ ᐙ᪘ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲,
12, 109-123⏣୰ 㯞ᮍ࣭㧘ᶫ 㞝࣭㓇 ཌ࣭┾ᴿᇛ ⨾࣭Ⳣཎ ࡲ ࡍࡳ (2010). ᛮᮇࡢᢚ࠺ࡘぶࡢ㣴⫱ែᗘࡢ 㛵㐃࠾ࡅࡿ⦪᩿ⓗ᳨ウ ᪥ᮏࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸᚰ⌮
Ꮫ➨
19ᅇⓎ⾲ㄽᩥ㞟, 115.
Ᏹ㒔ᐑ ༤ (2004). ୧ぶࡢኵ፬㛵ಀ㛵ࡍࡿㄆ▱ࡀᏊ
ࡶࡢ⮬ᕫ⫯ᐃཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪̿̿ዪᏊ㟷ᖺࡢሙྜ̿̿
ᗣᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲,
17(2), 1-10.Ᏹ㒔ᐑ ༤ (2005). ዪᏊ㟷ᖺ࠾ࡅࡿᏳ୧ぶࡢኵ፬ 㛵ಀ㛵ࡍࡿㄆ▱̿̿Ꮚࡶࡢ┠ᫎࡿ∗ぶẕぶ ࡢ⤖፧⏕άࢥ࣑ࢵࢺ࣓ࣥࢺ̿̿ ᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲,
53, 209-219.Influences of parental marital relationships on empathy and prosocial behaviors in undergraduate students:
Child-rearing styles of parents as a mediator
Mika Yamauchi1 & Akira Hasegawa2
1Graduate School of Human Relations, Tokai Gakuin University
2Faculty of Human Relations, Tokai Gakuin University
Abstract
The influences of marital relationships and parents’ child-rearing styles on empathy and prosocial behaviors in undergraduates were investigated. Undergraduate students (N = 226) completed measures assessing each variable above. Structural equation modeling indicated that parents’
marital quality was positively associated with caring for children and negatively associated with the over-protection of children. In addition, care by the mothers was positively related to empathic concern and the Fantasy Scale score of undergraduates, whereas the over-protection by the mothers was negatively related to personal distress of students. Mediational analyses indicated that parents having good marital relationships indirectly increased empathetic concern of students via the increased care by the mothers, and decreased personal distress in students via decreased overprotection by the mothers. Furthermore, empathetic concern in students was positively associated with their prosocial behaviors, whereas personal distress was negatively associated with their prosocial behaviors. These findings suggest that the relationship of parents’ marital quality with empathy and prosocial behaviors in undergraduate students is mediated by maternal child- rearing style.
Keywords: marital relationship, child-rearing style, empathy, prosocial behavior
