ᨵ㠉ࡢไᗘⓗ▩┪࡜ᨻ἞ၥ㢟࡬ࡢᒎ㛤㸫࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ஺௜㔠ไᗘᨵ㠉ࡢᇳ⾜㐣⛬㸫

(1)

ᨵ㠉ࡢไᗘⓗ▩┪࡜ᨻ἞ၥ㢟࡬ࡢᒎ㛤㸫࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ஺௜㔠ไᗘᨵ㠉ࡢᇳ⾜㐣⛬㸫

ⱝᯇ 㑥ᘯ

1. ไ ᗘ ⓗ ᩚ ྜ ᛶ ࡢ Ḟ ዴ ࡜ ᨻ἞໬

2. ஺ ௜ 㔠 ไ ᗘ ᨵ 㠉 ࡢ ┠ ⓗ ࡜ไᗘ ⓗ ᖐ ⤖ 2-1. ᆅ ᪉ 㔜ど ࡢ ほ Ⅼ

2-2. ㈨㔠 ಖ ド ࡢ ほ Ⅼ

2-3. ᨵ 㠉 ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ᙳ 㡪 ࡢ ᨻ ἞ⓗྵ ព 3. ᨻ ἞ ၥ 㢟 ࡬ ࡢ ᒎ 㛤

3-1. ᨻ ἞ ⓗ ᦶ ᧿ ࡢ ຨ Ⓨ

3-2. ࢝ ࢘ ࣥ ࢩ ࣝ ⛯ ୖ ᪼ ࡟ ᑐࡍࡿ ᢠ ㆟ 3-3. Ꮫ ᰯ ㈨㔠 ༴ ᶵ

3-4. ᖺ 㔠 ⏕ ά ⪅ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ᢠ ㆟ࡢᣑ ኱ 4㸬 ᨻ ᗓ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿᑐ ᛂ

4-1. Ꮫ ᰯ ㈨㔠 ࡢ ෌ ᨵ 㠉 4-2. ࢟ ࣕ ࢵ ࣆ ࣥ ࢢ ࡢ ♧ ၀ 5. ᨻ ἞ ⓗ ᑐ ᛂ ࡜ ไ ᗘ ⓗ ᩚ ྜᛶ

1. ଷഽഎାࣣ଻͈ࠧශ͂ଽহاġ

2000ᖺ௦࡟ධࡗࡓ┤ᚋࡢ᫬ᮇࠊ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻࡢᨻᗓ㛫㛵ಀ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ࢖

ࢠࣜࢫᨻᗓࡢጼໃࡣࠊປാඪࣈࣞ࢔ᨻᶒࡢࡶ࡜ࠊಖᏲඪᨻᶒᮇ࡟ࡑ࠺࡛

࠶ࡗࡓᨻᗓ࡜㒔ᕷ⮬἞య࡜ࡢᑐ❧࡜࠸࠺ᨻ἞Ⰽࡢᙉ࠸ᩛᑐⓗ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࢆ

ᡶᣔࡍ࡭ࡃࠊᆅ᪉㔜ど(࣮ࣟ࢝ࣜࢬ࣒)ࡢ᪉ྥᛶࢆᡴࡕฟࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

࡜ࡃ࡟㈈ᨻ㠃࡛ࡣࠊᆅ᪉⮬἞యࡢ㈈ᨻᇶ┙ࡢ⬤ᙅᛶ࡜࠸࠺㛗ᖺᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ

࡚ࡁࡓၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢᨵၿ࡬ࡢ㊊ࡀ࠿ࡾࢆࡘ࠿ࡴ࡭ࡃࠊᆅ᪉㈈ᨻไ ᗘࡢᨵ㠉ࡀࠊࡲࡎࡣ⮬἞య㛫ࡢ㈈ᨻㄪᩚ࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡿ஺௜㔠ไᗘࡢᨵ㠉ࠊ

⥆࠸࡚⮬୺㈈※ࡢᣑ඘࡟ྥࡅࡓᆅ᪉⛯ไࡢᨵ㠉࡜ࡋ᳨࡚ウࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋ

(2)

ࡋ࠿ࡋ➨1ẁ㝵ࡢ஺௜㔠ไᗘᨵ㠉ࡣࠊᨻᗓ⮬㌟࡟୰ኸᆅ᪉㛵ಀࡢᑗ᮶ീ

ࡀ࡞࠸ࡲࡲ㐍ࢇࡔឤࢆᣔ࠼ࡎࠊไᗘタィࢆぢࡿ㝈ࡾࡣ᰿ᮏⓗ࡞ᩚྜᛶ▩

┪ࢆᢪ࠼ࠊᨵ㠉ࡢ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚ᨻᶒࡀㅻ࠺ᆅ᪉㔜どࡢᙉ໬࡟ᐤ୚ࡍࡿࡶࡢ

࡜ࡣ ゝ࠸ ࡀࡓ ࠿ࡗ ࡓ¹⁾ࠋࡉ ࡽ࡟ ࡣࡇ ࡢไ ᗘⓗ ▩┪ ࡟㉳ ᅉࡍ ࡿᙧ ࡛ࠊ ᨵ㠉 ࡢᇳ⾜㐣⛬࡛ࡣࠊᆅ᪉㈈ᨻࡢΰ஘࡜ࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᕷẸࡢ཯Ⓨࡶ⏕ࡌࡓࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚ࡇࡢᨻ἞ⓗᒎ㛤࠿ࡽ⏕ࡌࡓᨻᗓࡢᑐᛂࡣࠊᨻᶒඪ࡬ࡢᢈุࢆ㑊ࡅ

ࡿ࡭ࡃࠊᆅ᪉⾜ᨻ࡟㈐௵ࢆᢲࡋ௜ࡅࠊ᪉⟇ࢆᙉไࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ᮏ✏ࡣࠊᆅ᪉㈈ᨻไᗘࡢᨵ㠉࡟࠾ࡅࡿไᗘⓗᩚྜᛶࡢḞዴࡀࠊ࢖ࣥࢢ

ࣛࣥࢻ࡛ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᨻ἞ၥ㢟࡬࡜㌿᥮ࡉࢀࡓ㐣⛬ࠊ࠸ࢃࡤᨻ἞໬ࡢ㐣⛬

ࢆグ㏙ⓗ࡟᳨ドࡍࡿࠋไᗘࡢၥ㢟ࡣ࠸࠿࡞ࡿ㈈ᨻⓗᵓ㐀ࡢࡶ࡜ᕷẸࣞ࣋

ࣝࡢᨻ἞ⓗ࡞㛵ᚰ࡬࡜ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ㛵ᚰࡣ࠸

࠿࡞ࡿᨻ἞ⓗᵓ㐀ࡢࡶ࡜ไᗘࡢ෌⦅࡟ྥࡅࡓᨻᗓࣞ࣋ࣝࡢᑐฎࢆಁࡋࡓ ࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿ࠋᮏ✏᳨࡛ウࡉࢀࡿ᫬ᮇࡢᆅ᪉㈈ᨻࢆࡵࡄࡿᨻ἞㐣⛬࡛ࡣࠊ ࡇࢀࡽ2ࡘࡢၥ㢟ࡀὀ┠ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ࡇࡇ᳨࡛ウᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿ2003ᖺ๓ᚋࡢ᫬ᮇࡣࠊᨻᗓ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ 1997ᖺࡢ ປാඪᨻᶒⓎ㊊௨᮶ࡢ኱᪉㔪࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡣ᥃ࡅኌ࡟࡜࡝ࡲ

ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓᆅ᪉㔜どࡢጼໃࡀࠊ2005ᖺ࡟ぢ㎸ࡲࢀࡿḟᅇ⥲㑅ᣲࢆど㔝࡟ධ

ࢀࡘࡘࠊලయ໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡗࡓ᫬ᮇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣈࣞ࢔ᨻᶒ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊࡑࡢ

➨2ᮇࡶ༙ࡤ࡟ࡉࡋ࠿࠿ࡾࠊ་⒪ࠊᩍ⫱ࠊ㐠㍺࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㔜Ⅼⓗ࡞බඹࢧ

࣮ࣅࢫࡢᨵ㠉ࢆලయⓗ࡞ᙧ࡛ᐇ⾜ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ᫬ᮇ࡜࡞ࡿࠋᚑ᮶ࡣ ᡭ௜࠿ࡎ࡛࠶ࡗࡓᆅ᪉㔜どࡢጼໃࡶࠊᨻᶒࡢᐇ⦼࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᮇᚅࡍࡿ

ほⅬ࠿ࡽࠊ୍ẁ࡜㛵ಀ⪅ࡢ㛫࡛㛵ᚰࡢᗘࢆ῝ࡵ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻ ࡢⅬ࡛ࡶ 2003ᖺࡣࠊ2002ᖺ୰࡟⤊஢ࡋࡓᨻᗓ᳨ド࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ⮬἞య஺௜

㔠ࡢ᪂ไᗘࡀᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡿึᖺ࡜ࡋ࡚ὀ┠ࡉࢀࡿᖺ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

௚᪉࡛ࠊࡇࡢᖺࡣᨻᶒ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊᨻ἞ⓗ࡟ࡶᨻ⟇ⓗ࡟ࡶᅔ㞴ࡉࢆቑࡋ

࡚࠸ࡗࡓᖺ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋୡㄽࡢ཯ᑐࢆᢲࡋษࡗ࡚3᭶࡟㛤ᡓࡋࡓ࢖ࣛࢡ ᡓதࡣゝ࠺࡟ཬࡤࡎࠊ2000ᖺࡈࢁ࠿ࡽᨻ἞ⓗ࡞୺ᙇࢆక࠺ᕷẸࡢ┤᥋⾜

ືࡀᣑ኱ࡍࡿഴྥࢆぢࡏࡿ࡞࠿ࠊ๓ᖺ࡟ࡣᾘ㜵ኈࡢࢫࢺ࡞࡝ᕷẸࡢ᪥ᖖ

⏕ά࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿΰ஘ࡶ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ࢖ࣛࢡᡓத࡞ࡽࡧ࡟ࡑࡢ㛤ᡓ࡟

࠿࠿ࢃࡿ࢖ࢠࣜࢫᨻᗓࡢ㛵୚ࢆࡵࡄࡿㄽதࠊ8 ᭶࡟ປാඪྐୖ᭱㛗ࡢ㤳

┦ ᅾ ௵ ᮇ 㛫 ࡟ 㐩 ࡋ ࡓ ࣈ ࣞ ࢔ ࡟ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ࣛ ࢖ ࣂ ࣝ ࠊ ࢦ ࣮ ࢻ ࣥ ࣭ ࣈ ࣛ ࢘ ࣥ (Gordon Brown)࡟ࡼࡿ㤳┦ࡢᗙࢆࡵࡄࡿᣮᡓ࡞࡝ࠊෆእ࠿ࡽࡢᅽຊࡢ࡞

(3)

࠿࡛ࠊḟᅇ⥲㑅ᣲࡢ๓࡟஦ᐇୖ᭱ᚋ࡜࡞ࡿ㏻ᖺண⟬ࡢ‽ഛࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࢀ

࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡿබඹࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᨵ㠉ࡢ⫗௜ࡅࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡇ᳨࡛ウ ࡍࡿ஺௜㔠ไᗘᨵ㠉ࡢᇳ⾜㐣⛬࡟࠾ࡅࡿㄗ⟬ࡸࡑࢀ࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿᆅ᪉࠿ࡽ

ࡢ཯Ⓨࡣࠊࡑࡢ㐣⛬࡛⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᨻᶒࢆྲྀࡾᕳࡃࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᨻ἞ⓗࠊ

㈈ᨻⓗ⎔ቃࡢࡶ࡜ࠊࡇࡢᆅ᪉ไᗘᨵ㠉ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ほⅬ࠿ࡽゎ㔘ࡉࢀࡿ

ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ

௨ୗ࡛ࡣࠊ➨2⠇࡛஺௜㔠ไᗘᨵ㠉ࡢไᗘⓗㄽⅬࢆᴫほࡋࡓୖ࡛ࠊ➨

3 ⠇࡛ࠊࡑࡢ཯㡪ࡢᨻ἞ⓗᒎ㛤ࢆࠊࡉࡽ࡟➨4 ⠇࡛ࠊࡑࡢᒎ㛤࡟ᑐࡍࡿ

ᨻᗓࡢᑐᛂࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ᭱⤊➨5⠇࡛ࡣࡇࢀࡽࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࠊᨻ἞໬ࡀ࠸࠿

࡞ࡿᵓ㐀ࡢࡶ࡜⏕ࡌࡓ࠿ࢆᩚ⌮ࡍࡿࠋ

2. ࢐ັ߄ଷഽ٨ڟ͈࿒എ͂ଷഽഎܦࠫġ ġ

2-1. ౷༷ਹণ͈۷തġ

1998ᖺ࠿ࡽ 2002ᖺ࡟࠿ࡅᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻࡢᆅ᪉㈈ᨻไᗘぢ

┤ࡋࡢᰕࡣࠊබᘧ஺௜㔠(formula grant)࡜࠸࠺ᨻᗓ࠿ࡽᆅ᪉⮬἞య࡟⛣㌿

ࡉࢀࡿ㈨㔠࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋබᘧ஺௜㔠ࡣ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻࡢ⮬἞

య୍⯡఍ィ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⮬἞య㛫㈈ᨻㄪᩚࡢ୺㍈࡜࡞ࡿ㈨㔠࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ୰

㌟ࡣṓධ⿵ሸ஺௜㔠(Revenue Support Grant)ࠊேཱྀ๭࡛⮬἞య࡟㓄ศࡉࢀ

ࡿㆡ୚⛯࡛࠶ࡿࣅࢪࢿࢫࣞ࢖ࢺ(஦ᴗᡤ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᐙᒇ⛯)ࠊࡑࡋ࡚㆙ᐹ஺

௜㔠࡛࠶ࡿࠋᨻᗓ࡟ࡼࡿ౑㏵ࡢไ⣙ࡀཝࡋ࠸≉ᐃ⿵ຓ㔠ࡸ≉Ṧ⿵ຓ㔠࡟

ᑐࡋࠊ⮬἞యࡀࡑࡢ⿢㔞࡛౑⏝࡛ࡁࡿ㈨㔠࡜ࡢᛶ᱁ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ

ᨻᗓࡀ஺௜㔠ࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞㓄ศ⟬ᐃ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢ᪉ྥᛶࢆ♧ࡋࡓ 2001 ᖺ 12 ᭶ ࡢ ⓑ ᭩ ࠗ ᙉ ࠸ ࣟ ࣮ ࢝ ࣝ ࣜ ࣮ ࢲ ࣮ ࢩ ࢵ ࣉ (Strong Local Leadership:

Quality Public Services) ࠘ࡣࠊࡇࡢᆅ᪉㈈ᨻᨵ㠉ࡢ㊃᪨࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ㺀[⮬἞య ࡢ]ከᵝᛶ࡜๰㐀ᛶࢆಁ㐍ࡋࠊࡑࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕ࡢࢽ࣮ࢬ࡟[⮬἞య]ࡀᛂ

࠼ࠊࡑࢀࢆ‶ࡓࡍࡢ࡟ᚲせ࡞⮬⏤ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡓࡵࡢᆅ᪉⮬἞య࡬ࡢᶒ㝈ጤ ㆡ㺁(㤳┦࡟ࡼࡿ๓᭩ࡁ)࡜᭩࠸ࡓ²⁾ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋᐇ㝿ࡢᨵ㠉ࡣࠊࡇࡢᆅ᪉⮬἞

య࡬ࡢᶒ㝈ጤㆡ࡜࠸࠺ほⅬࢆලయⓗ࡟♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡜ࡣゝ࠸㞴࠿ࡗࡓࠋᨵ㠉 ࡣࠊᅜᐙ㈈ᨻࠊᆅ᪉⮬἞ࠊᩍ⫱ࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀᢸᙜࡍࡿ┬ᗇ࡟ࡼࡿ୕ࡘᕮࡢ ᨻ἞ⓗ㥑ࡅᘬࡁࡢ࡞࠿࡛㐍ࢇࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᆅ᪉࡬ࡢ⛣㌿㈨㔠ࡢつᶍࢆ

ᢚ࠼ࡓ࠸㈈ົ┬ࠊ⮬἞యഃࡢ㈨㔠㓄ศᶒ㝈ࢆᙉ໬ࡋࡓ࠸ᆅ᪉⮬἞ᢸᙜࡢ

(4)

๪㤳┦ᗓࠊ⮬἞యࢆ㎽ᅇࡋᏛᰯ࡬ࡢ┤᥋⿵ຓࢆᣑ኱ࡋࡓ࠸ᩍ⫱ᢏ⬟┬࡛

࠶ࡿࠋᨵ㠉࡟⮫ࡴጼໃࡣ࠾ࡢ࠾ࡢ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ

ᨵ㠉࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ᨻᗓࡣࠊ⌧≧ࡢබᘧ஺௜㔠ࡢ⟬ᐃ᪉ᘧࡀබṇ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ ᨵⰋࡋ࠺ࡿ࡜ࡢ❧ሙࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋྛ⮬἞య࡬ࡢබᘧ஺௜㔠ࡢ㢠ࡣࠊࡑ ࡇ࠿ࡽ㆙ᐹ஺௜㔠ࡢ㢠ࢆ᥍㝖ࡋࡓ㒊ศࡀࠊᇶ‽㈈ᨻ㟂せ㢠࡜(⮬἞యࡢ⊂

⮬㈈※࡛࠶ࡿ)࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯཰ධ᝿ᐃ㢠ࡢᕪ࡜ࡋ࡚Ỵࡲࡿࠋ࡜ࡇࢁࡀᐇ㝿

ୖࡢၥ㢟Ⅼ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡲࡎᇶ‽㈈ᨻ㟂せ㢠ࡣࠊࡑࡢ⟬ᐃࡀ㐣ཤࡢᨭฟࣃࢱ

࣮ࣥࡢ⤫ィⓗ࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ௙⤌ࡳ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⌧ୗࡢࢽ࣮ࢬࢆ☜ᐇ࡟཯

ᫎࡍ ࡿࡶ ࡢ࡜ ࡞ࡗ ࡚࠸ ࡞࠸ ࡇ࡜³⁾ࠊ ࡲࡓ ࢝࢘ ࣥࢩ ࣝ⛯ ࡢ཰ ධࡶ ࠊࡑ ࢀࡀ ᒃఫᐙᒇࡢ౯㢠࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃㄢ⛯࡛࠶ࡿ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊ౯㢠ࡢぢ┤ࡋࡀ㛗 ᮇ࡟Ώࡗ࡚࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ≀౯ୖ᪼ࡢ⣼✚࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⮬἞యࡢ⛯཰

ࡀ㐣ᑠ࡟ぢ✚ࡶࡽࢀࡿഴྥࡢ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡺ࠼࡟ࠊ

஺௜㔠ไᗘ࡜࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯ࡢ㐃㛵ࢆ⣡⛯⪅ࡀ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡢࡣᐜ࡛᫆࡞ࡃࠊ

⮬἞యࡶẖᖺࡢ஺௜㔠㢠ࢆண ࡋ࡟ࡃ࠸࡜ᢈุࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵᨻ ᗓࡣࠊᨵ㠉ࡢ❧ࡕୖࡆ࡟࠶ࡓࡾࠊ㺀බṇ㺁࡛㺀㏱᫂㺁࡞ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᵓ⠏ࢆㅻ ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋඛ㏙ࡢⓑ᭩ࠗᙉ࠸࣮࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ࠘ࡶࠊᨵ㠉ࡢ 㔜Ⅼࡀࠊᆅ᪉⮬἞య࡬ࡢᨻᗓᨭ᥼ࡢᏳᐃᛶ࡜ணぢᛶࢆᣑ኱ࡋࠊ㓄ศ࣓࢝

ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆࡼࡾ᫂░࠿ࡘ⌮ゎࡋࡸࡍࡃࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟⨨࠿ࢀࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⁴⁾ࠋ ᨵ㠉ࡣࠊ୺࡟ᇶ‽㈈ᨻ㟂せࡢ⟬ᐃ࡟㛵ࢃࡿ㒊ศ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡞ࡉࢀࠊࡑࡇ

࡛ࡣࠊࣈࣞ࢔ᨻᶒ➨2ᮇࡢ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿࠊ♫఍ၥ㢟࡬ࡢ㈨㔠ࢆక࠺ᑐฎ࡜

ࡢጼໃࢆ཯ᫎࡋࠊ♫఍ⓗⲨᗫ(deprivation)ࡢ⛬ᗘࠊே௳㈝Ỉ‽ࡢ᱁ᕪࠊ㐣

␯ࡢ ⛬ᗘ ࡜࠸ ࡗࡓ せ⣲ ࡀᚑ ᮶࡟ ቑࡋ ࡚ᙉ ㄪࡉ ࢀࡓ⁵⁾ࠋ ྛ⮬ ἞య ࡢᇶ ‽㈈

ᨻ㟂せ㢠ࡣࠊᩍ⫱ࠊ♫఍ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࠊ㐨㊰࡞࡝ࠊ⮬἞య࡟ࡼࡿఫẸࢧ࣮ࣅ

ࢫࡈ࡜ࡢ㈨㔠ࣈࣟࢵࢡࢆࠊ⮬἞యࡢேཱྀつᶍࢆ཯ᫎࡋࡓᇶ♏ⓗ࡞㢠࡟ࠊ

⮬἞యࡈ࡜ࡢ≉ᛶ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ㏣ຍ⤒㈝ࢆ✚ࡳୖࡆࡿᙧ࡛ィ⟬ࡉࢀࡿࠋ᪂ࡓ

࡞᪉ᘧࡣࠊᚋ⪅ࡢ㏣ຍ㒊ศ࡟ୖグࡢせ⣲ࢆ኱ࡁࡃ཯ᫎࡉࡏࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢኚ᭦࡟కࡗ࡚ࠊᚑ᮶ࠊ㺀ᶆ‽ᨭฟᰝᐃ (Standard Spending Assessmentࠊ

௨ୗ SSA)㺁࡜࿧ࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡓᇶ‽㈈ᨻ㟂せ㢠ࡣࠊ㺀බᘧᨭฟ㓄ศ (Formula

Spending Shareࠊ௨ୗ FSS)ࠖ࡜ᨵ⛠ࡉࢀࡓࠋ᪂ࡓ࡞බᘧࡣࠊᆅ᪉⮬἞ᢸ

ᙜࡢ㛶እ┦ࢽࢵࢡ࣭ࣞ࢖ࣥࢬࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ(Nick Raynsford)ࡀ㺀෌ศ㓄ࡢせ⣲㺁

ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ࡜ㄆࡵࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ⁶⁾ࠋ

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2-2.ġ ঩߄༗બ͈۷തġ

๓㏙ࡢ࡜࠾ࡾࠊᨵ㠉ࡣ⮬἞య㈈ᨻࡢᰂ㌾ᛶ☜ಖࢆㅻࡗࡓࡀࠊᐇែ࡜ࡋ

࡚ࡣࡑࢀࢆไ⣙ࡍࡿせ⣲ࢆྵࡴ࡜࠸࠺▩┪ࡶᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡓࠋ࡜ࡃ࡟ᨵ㠉ࡢ

ูࡢᰕ࡛࠶ࡗࡓึ➼࣭୰➼Ꮫᰯ࡬ࡢ㈨㔠ᢞධ࡟㛵ࢃࡿ㒊ศࡣࠊୖグࡢほ

Ⅼ࡜┦ධࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻࡢ⮬἞య㈈ᨻ࡛ᩍ⫱㒊㛛ࡢ༨ࡵࡿ๭ྜࡣ኱ࡁࡃࠊᇶ‽㈈

ᨻ㟂せ㢠࣮࣋ࢫ࡛ࡣࠊᨵ㠉┤๓ࡢ2002/03ᖺᗘ࡟SSA඲యࡢ46.2% (235 ൨࣏ࣥࢻ)ࠊᨵ㠉┤ᚋࡢ2003/04ᖺᗘ࡛ࡣFSS඲యࡢ43.4% (250൨࣏ࣥࢻ)

ࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࡑࡢ㺀ᩍ⫱ FSS㺁ࡢ࡞࠿࡛㺀Ꮫᰯ FSS㺁ࡢ๭ྜ

ࡣ88.2% (221൨࣏ࣥࢻ)࡟ࡶ㐩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ᨵ㠉࡛ᨻᗓࡣࠊᏛᰯ㛵ಀࡢ≉ᐃ࣭≉Ṧ⿵ຓ㔠ࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛࠶ࡿ㺀ᶆ‽㈨㔠(Standards Fund)㺁࠿ࡽ୍㒊ࡢ⿵ຓ㔠ࢆ๐ῶࡋࠊࡑࡢ┦ᙜศ࡛࠶ࡿ5.3൨

࣏ࣥࢻࢆ 2003/04ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽࡢ2ᖺ㛫࡟ᆅ᪉⮬἞య࡟ࡼࡿ㓄ศ࡬࡜⛣ࡍࡇ

࡜ࢆつᐃࡋࡓࠋ௚᪉࡛ࠊᏛᰯ⌧ሙ࡬ࡢ㈨㔠ᢞධࢆಖドࡍࡿ࡜ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࠊ

஺௜㔠ࡢ⟬ᐃ㐣⛬࡛ࡣࠊᩍ⫱FSSࡢ࡞࠿࡟ࡑࡢࢧࣈ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ࡜ࡋ࡚ୖ

グࡢᏛᰯ FSSࢆタᐃࠊྠࡌࡃ㓄ศ㐣⛬࡛ࡣࠊ⮬἞య࡟ࡼࡿᏛᰯ࡬ࡢ㓄ศ ィ⏬ࢆᨻᗓࡀ୙㐺ษ࡜ぢࡿሙྜࠊ㐺ṇ࡞㓄ศࢆᢸᙜ኱⮧(ᩍ⫱ᢏ⬟኱⮧) ࡀ⮬἞య࡟ᣦᑟ࡛ࡁࡿᶒ㝈ࢆᑟධࡋࡓࠋ

ඖ᮶ࠊᩍ⫱ࡸ⚟♴࡞࡝࣮࡛ࣟ࢝ࣝࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ♫఍ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ㛵ಀᨻ⟇ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕࡟ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ➨୍⥺࡬ࡢ☜ᐇ࡞㈨㔠ᢞ ධࢆồࡵࡿኌࡀᙉࡃࠊᨻ⟇ศ㔝ࢆᶓ᩿ࡋࡓ㈨㔠㓄ศࡢ⿢㔞ࢆ⮬἞య࡟ㄆ

ࡵࡿ஺௜㔠ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡬ࡢᢈุࡣᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸ࠋබᘧ஺௜㔠ไᗘ࡛ࡶࠊ⮬἞

య ෆ ࡛ ࡢ ࢧ ࣮ ࣅ ࢫ ࡈ ࡜ ࡢ ᨭ ฟ 㓄 ศ ࡣ ᙜ ヱ ⮬ ἞ య ࡢ ⿢ 㔞 ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ ୖ グ ࡢ SSAࡸFSSࡶ஺௜㢠ࡢ⟬ฟࢆ୍⩏ⓗ࡞┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࡓࠊ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࡶᨻᗓഃࡢ

⟬ᐃ᰿ᣐ࡛࠶ࡾࠊྛࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡬ࡢᐇᨭฟ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ⮬἞య࡟Ỵᐃࡢᶒ㝈 ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋᩍ⫱㈨㔠ࡢሙྜࡣࡉࡽ࡟ࠊᏛᰯྥࡅࡢ㓄ศࢆ⮬἞యࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ ᆅ᪉ᩍ⫱ᒁ(Local Education Authority)ࡀỴࡵࡿᙧ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ⁷⁾ࠋ

ᩍ⫱㛵ಀࡢᨻ⟇ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕࡛ࡣࠊᏛᰯ⌧ሙࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ࡇࡢ௙⤌ࡳ࡬ࡢ

୙‶ࡀᙉࡃぢࡽࢀࡓࠋᚲせ࡞㈨㔠ࡀᏛᰯ⌧ሙ࡟ᒆ࠿࡞࠸࡜ࡢ୙‶࡛࠶ࡿࠋ Ꮫᰯ㛵ಀ⪅ࡢㄽ⌮ࡣࠊ⮬἞య⾜ᨻ࡟㓄ศᶒ㝈ࡢ࠶ࡿ࠿ࡂࡾࠊᏛᰯ࡬ࡢᐇ ᨭฟࡣ⮬἞యࡢᛮᝨ࡟ᕥྑࡉࢀࠊྠᵝࡢ≉ᛶࢆᣢࡘᏛᰯࡢ㛫࡛ࡶ⮬἞య ࡀ␗࡞ࢀࡤࠊ㓄ศ㈨㔠㢠࡟ᕪࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ࡜ࡢ㺀୙ྜ⌮㺁ࢆᙉㄪࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶

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ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡟ࡣࠊࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ㈈※ࢆ⤫୍ⓗ࡞ほⅬ࠿ࡽබṇ࡟ಖドࡍࡿ࡜

ゎ㔘ࡍࡿᙧ࡛ࡢ⚟♴ᅜᐙࣔࢹࣝ࡬ࡢᮇᚅࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡉࡽ࡟Ꮫᰯ㈈ᨻࡀ⮬἞

య࡬ࡢ ㈨㔠⛣ ㌿ࢩࢫ ࢸ࣒࡟ 㺀᥋ࡂᮌ 㺁ࡉࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡜ࡢᢈ ุࡀ⏕ ࡌ࡚࠸ ࡓ⁸⁾ࠋ ࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊᏛᰯྥࡅࡢ౑㏵≉ᐃᆺ㈨㔠ࢆồࡵࡿኌࡶ᪂ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞

ࡃࠊᨻᗓෆ࡛ࡣᚑ᮶࠿ࡽࠊ⮬἞యࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ௚ࡢ㈨㔠࡜༊ศࡉࢀࡓᏛᰯ

ྥࡅ஺௜㔠ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀࡓࡧࡓࡧ᳨ウࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࣈࣞ࢔ᨻᶒୗ࡛ࡢࡇࡢ

஺௜㔠ไᗘࡢ᳨ド࡛ࡶࠊᏛᰯࡢ㐠Ⴀ㈨㔠඲యࢆᨻᗓ࠿ࡽࡢ┤᥋㈨㔠࡛ࡲ

࠿࡞࠺࡭ࡃ౑㏵≉ᐃ໬ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀᙜึࡣ᳨ウࡉࢀࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࡑࡢ 㑅ᢥ⫥ࡣ2000ᖺ9᭶ࡲ࡛࡟᤼㝖ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⁹⁾ࠋྠ᭶࡟ᨻᗓࡀබ⾲ࡋࡓᨻ

⟇ᥦ᱌᭩ࡣ౑㏵≉ᐃ໬࡟཯ᑐࡍࡿㄽⅬࢆࡲ࡜ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ¹⁰⁾ࠋ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ ࡣ௨ୗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

࣭࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝࡢ⟅㈐⬟ຊ࡜Ẹ୺୺⩏ࢆᙅࡵࠊᏛᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᡓ␎ࡸ㉁ࡢᨵ ၿ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⮬἞యࡢ㈐௵ࡀ࠶࠸ࡲ࠸࡜࡞ࡿ

࣭⮬἞యࡢ㈈ᨻ㈐௵ࡸ⮬⏤ࢆ㜼ᐖࡍࡿ

࣭ᩍ⫱࡜௚ࡢ⮬἞యࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡜ࡢㄪᩚࢆᅔ㞴࡟ࡍࡿ

࣭௚ࡢ⮬἞యࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ౑㏵≉ᐃ໬࡬ࡢᅽຊ࡜࡞ࡿ

౑㏵≉ᐃࡣ⮬἞య࡬ࡢᶒ㝈ጤㆡ࡟཯ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀᇶᮏⓗ࡞ྡ┠࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ࡇ ࡢ ほ Ⅼ ࡣ ᆅ ᪉ ⮬ ἞ ࢆ ᢸ ᙜ ࡍ ࡿ ࣉ ࣞ ࢫ ࢥ ࢵ ࢺ(John Prescott)๪ 㤳 ┦ ࡶ ࡓ ࡧࡓࡧᙉㄪࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

ࡋ࠿ࡋࡇࡢᨵ㠉࡛ࡣࠊᏛᰯ㛵ಀ⪅ࡢᙉ࠸ኌ࡟ᢲࡉࢀࠊᏛᰯ࡟ᢞධࡉࢀ

ࡿ㈨㔠ࡢ᭱పᇶ‽ࢆᨻᗓࡀタࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡑࡢ㓄ศࢆ⮬἞య࡟ᙉ࠸

ࡿ┠ⓗ࡛ࠊᏛᰯ㈨㔠ࢆᆅ᪉ᩍ⫱ᒁ㈨㔠࡜༊ูࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀỴࡲࡿࠋࡇࢀࡀ

ୖ㏙ࡢᏛᰯFSS࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ᪂タࡢᩍ⫱FSS࡟ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀูࡢ

⟬ᐃᘧ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᩍ⫱ᒁࡢࣈࣟࢵࢡ࡜Ꮫᰯࡢࣈࣟࢵࢡࡀసࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡉࡽ࡟ࠊᩍ⫱㈨㔠ᨵ㠉ࡢ㆟ㄽࡀ2002ᖺ࡟ධࡗ࡚࠿ࡽᩍ⫱ᢏ⬟┬ෆࡸྠ┬

୺ᑟࡢ఍㆟࡟⛣ࡿ࡜ࠊ㈨㔠ࡢ☜ᐇ࡞ಖドࢆせồࡍࡿኌࡣ୍ᒙᙉࡲࡿࡇ࡜

࡜࡞ࡾࠊࡇࢀࢆཷࡅࠊ⮬἞య࡟ᑐࡋᏛᰯ࡬ࡢ㐺ṇ࡞㈨㔠㓄ศࢆᣦᑟࡍࡿ

᪂ࡓ࡞኱⮧ᶒ㝈ࡀᑟධࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢ㐺ṇࡉࡢᇶ‽ࡣࠊ⮬἞యࡀᨻᗓࡢつ ᐃࡍࡿᏛᰯFSSࡢቑศࢆୖᅇࡗ࡚Ꮫᰯண⟬ࢆቑຍࡉࡏࡿ࠿࡛࠶ࡿ¹¹⁾ࠋ⮬

἞యࡣᏛᰯFSSࡢቑศࢆࡑࡢࡲࡲᏛᰯ࡟㓄ศࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽࡎࠊࡇࡢ㺀ࣃ

ࢫ࣏࣮ࢺ㺁(ࡑࡢࡲࡲΏࡍ࡜ࡢព)࡜࠸࠺ᥐ⨨࡟ᚑࢃ࡞࠸ሙྜࡣࠊ኱⮧ࡢᣦ ᑟᶒ㝈ࡀ⾜౑ࡉࢀࡿ༴㝤ࡀ࠶ࡿ¹²⁾ࠋ

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2-3. ٨ڟͥ͢ͅגޣ͈ଽহഎ܄փ!

᪂ࡓ࡞ᇶ‽㈈ᨻ㟂せ㢠ࡢFFS࡛ࡣࠊ๓㏙ࡢࡼ࠺࡟♫఍ⓗⲨᗫࡸே௳㈝

ࡢᅽຊࡀᚑ᮶ࡢSSAࡼࡾ㔜どࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊᨵ㠉ࡣࠊ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻ඲య࡛

ぢࡿ࡜ࠊ㤳㒔ࣟࣥࢻࣥ࠿ࡽ࿘㎶ࡢ㎰ᮧ㒊࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚㇏࠿࡞ᆅᇦࢆᢪ࠼ࡿ

㺀༡㺁࠿ࡽࠊ⾶㏥㒔ᕷࢆᢪ࠼Ⲩᗫࡀ㢧ⴭ࡞㺀໭㺁࡬ࡢ㈨㔠ࢩࣇࢺࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍ ࡇ࡜ࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡓ¹³⁾ࠋ

ࡇࢀࡣࣈࣞ࢔ᨻᶒ➨2ᮇ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ♫఍ၥ㢟࡬ࡢᑐᛂᙉ໬ࡢᩥ⬦࠿ࡽ⌮

ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡽᣦᶆࡢ῝้࡞⮬἞యࡀ࠿ࡘ࡚ࡢ㖔ᴗ࣭〇㐀ᴗᆅᖏ࡛

࠶ࡾࠊఏ⤫ⓗ࡟ປാඪࡢᆅ┙࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊ୍ぢࠊᨵ㠉ࡣᨻᶒ ඪࡢປാඪ࡟᭷฼࡞ࡶࡢ࡟ぢ࠼ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ 2000ᖺ๓ᚋࡢᨻඪ㛫➇தࢆ຺

᱌ࡍࢀࡤࠊ஦ែࡣࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡟༢⣧࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

ᨵ 㠉 ࡀ ᆅ ᪉ ㈈ ᨻ ࡟ ࡶ ࡓ ࡽ ࡍ ᙳ 㡪 ࡣ ࠊ2002 ᖺ ᮎ ࡟ බ ⾲ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ண ᐃ ࡢ

2003/04ᖺᗘᆅ᪉⮬἞య㈈ᨻᣦ㔪࡛♧ࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊࡑࢀ࡟ඛ❧ࡗ࡚2002ᖺ

7 ᭶࡟ᨻᗓࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓ༠㆟ᩥ᭩ࡣࠊᗈࡃ᝿ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜࠾ࡾࠊ࢖

ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻ໭㒊ࡢఏ⤫ⓗ࡞⏘ᴗᆅᖏࡀᨵ㠉ࡢ᭱኱ࡢ㈈ᨻⓗཷ┈⪅࡛࠶ࡿ

ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࣟࣥࢻࣥࡢྛ༊ࡶࠊⲨᗫࡀ㢧ⴭ࡞୰ᚰ㒊ࡢ༊ࢆ୰ᚰ

࡟ࠊከࡃࡀண⟬ࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ఙࡧࢆㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ♫఍ⓗⲨᗫࡢᙉㄪࡣࠊ ࡇࢀࡽࡢ༊࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㧗࠸㈋ᅔ⋡࡟ࡘ࠸࡚FSSࡢ」ᩘࣈࣟࢵࢡ࡛ཷࡅྲྀࡾ

㈨㔠ࡢᣑ኱ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ¹⁴⁾ࠋࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋࠊࣟࣥࢻ࡛ࣥࡶࠊ㑹እࡢ࢔

࢘ࢱ࣮ࣟࣥࢻࣥㅖ༊ࡣࡑࢀ࡯࡝ཷ┈ࡢ኱ࡁࡃ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀண᝿ࡉࢀࠊࡉࡽ

࡟ࠊᨵ㠉ࡢཷ┈ࡀ᭱ࡶᑡ࡞࠸ࡢࡣࠊ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻ༡㒊࡟ከ࠸㺀ࢩ࣮ࣕ࢝࢘

ࣥࢸ࢕㺁࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ㠀㒔ᕷᆺࡢ⮬἞య࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓ¹⁵⁾ࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᨵ㠉ࡣࠊࡑࡢᨻ἞ⓗ࡞ពᅗࡢ᭷↓ࡣู࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊປാඪࡢఏ

⤫ ⓗ ᆅ ┙ ࡟ ᭷ ฼ ࡞ ࡶ ࡢ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡣ ᫂ ⓑ ࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ ࡋ ࠿ ࡋ ࠊ1997 ᖺ ࡜ 2001ᖺ⥲㑅ᣲ࡛ࡢྠඪࡢ኱຾ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊࡑࡢ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣࠊఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ᨭᣢ ᒙࢆ㉸࠼ࡓᖜᗈ࠸୰㛫ᒙࢆྲྀࡾ㎸ࡴࡇ࡜࡛඲ᅜⓗ࡞ᨭᣢࢆᚓࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ

ᡓ␎(㺀ࣅࢵࢢࢸࣥࢺ㺁ᡓ␎)ࡢᡂຌࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡢⅬ࡛ປാඪ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ

ᨵ㠉ࡢᙳ㡪࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿᆅᇦᕪࡀᨻ἞ⓗ࡟ࡶࡘព࿡ࡣ↓ど࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛

࠶ࡗࡓࠋࣈࣞ࢔ᇳ⾜㒊ࡢࡶ࡜࡛ປാඪࡀᨭᣢࢆᣑ኱ࡉࡏࡓࡇࡢ♫఍ᒙࡣࠊ

࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻࡢ୰㒊࠿ࡽ༡㒊࡟ከ࠸࡜ࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡟࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀ

ࡺ࠼࡟ࡇࡢ♫఍ᒙࡑࡋ࡚ᙼࡽࡀከࡃఫࡴᆅᇦࡣ࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ㺀࣑ࢻࣝ࢖ࣥࢢࣛ

ࣥࢻ㺁࡜࿧ࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻࡢ୰㒊࠿ࡽ༡㒊ࡢ㎰ᮧ㒊࡬ࡢᡴᧁࡣࠊ

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ࡑࢀࡽᆅᇦࡢ㑅ᣲ༊࡛ಖᏲඪࡸ⮬Ẹඪ࡜ࡢ⃭ᡓࢆ຾ࡕᢤࡁࠊ࣑ࢻࣝ࢖ࣥ

ࢢࣛࣥࢻ࠿ࡽᨭᣢࢆᚓࡓ୚ඪປാඪ㆟ဨ࡬ࡢ㏫㢼࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ༴᝹ࡉࢀ

ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ¹⁶⁾ࠋ

ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ᨻᗓࡣࠊᨵ㠉ࡢබ⾲࡟࠶ࡓࡾࠊ༡࠿ࡽ໭࡬ࡢ㈨㔠ࡢ⛣㌿࡜

ࡢᢈุࡀᗈࡀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᜍࢀࠊᨵ㠉࡟໭㒊ࡢປാඪ⮬἞యࢆඃ㐝ࡍࡿ࡜ࡢ

ືᶵࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆࠊ࡜ࡃ࡟ᙉㄪࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋᆅ᪉⮬἞ᢸᙜࡢࣞ࢖

ࣥࢬࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ㛶እ┦ࡣ7᭶ࡢ༠㆟ᩥ᭩බ⾲᫬࡟ࠊ㺀࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢ໭㒊ࡢ⮬἞

య㺁ࡀ㈨㔠ࢆከࡃᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࢆㄆࡵࡘࡘࡶࠊ㺀ࡇࢀࡣఱࡽ࠿ࡢ᪉ἲ࡛㈨※ࢆ

ࢩࣇࢺࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㺁࡜ࡋࡓ¹⁷⁾ࠋᙼࡣࠊᨵ㠉࡛㈋ࡋࡃ࡞ࡿ⮬἞యࡀ࠶

ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㺀᝿ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸㺁࡜᫂ゝࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ¹⁸⁾ࠋ

ᐇ㝿࡟ᨻᗓࡣࠊᨵ㠉ࡢຠᯝࡀ⮬἞య㛫ࡢ㈈ᨻㄪᩚࡢ≧ἣ࡟ᛴ㐍ⓗ࡞ኚ

໬࡜ࡋ࡚⾲ࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ༴᝹ࡋࠊ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ⮬἞య࡟ఱࡽ࠿ࡢୖ஌

ࡏ࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡓ¹⁹⁾ࠋ12᭶ึࡵ࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀࡓ 2003/04ᖺᗘࡢ⮬἞

య㈈ᨻᣦ㔪ࡣࠊබᘧ஺௜㔠࡛๓ᖺẚ5.9%ቑࠊ≉ᐃ࣭≉Ṧ⿵ຓ㔠࡜ࡢྜィ

࡛ࡣྠࡌࡃ 8%ቑࢆㅻ࠸ࠊࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ⮬἞యࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᶵ㛵࡟≀౯ୖ᪼⋡ࢆ

ୖᅇࡿண⟬ࡢቑຍࢆಖドࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡋࡓࠋ

ᆅᇦู࡛ࡣࠊఙࡧࡀᑡ࡞࠸ࡢࡣ☜࠿࡟༡㒊ࡢㅖᆅᇦ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋබᘧ஺

௜㔠࣮࣋ࢫ࡛ࡣࠊ୰㒊ࡢ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣑ࢵࢻࣛࣥࢬ࡜࢙࢘ࢫࢺ࣑ࢵࢻࣛࣥࢬ ࡢ⮬἞యࡢఙࡧ⋡ࡀ᭱ࡶ㧗ࡃࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀᖹᆒ࡛๓ᖺẚ 7.1%ࡢቑ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

⥆࠸࡚ࣀ࣮ࢫ࢙࢘ࢫࢺ6.6%ࠊ࣮ࣚࢡࢩ࣮ࣕ6.3%ࠊࣀ࣮ࢫ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ6%࡜

໭㒊ࡢㅖᆅᇦࡀ⥆ࡁࠊ᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊ༡㒊ࡢᆅᇦ࡛࠶ࡿࢧ࢘ࢫ࢙࢘ࢫࢺ 5.8%ࠊ

࢖࣮ࢫࢺ 5.4%ࠊࣟࣥࢻࣥࢆ㝖ࡃࢧ࢘ࢫ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ 4.5%࡜࡞ࡿࠋ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼

ࡇࢀࡽࡢᩘᏐࡣࠊᨻᗓࡀୡㄽࡢ཯ᛂࢆព㆑ࡋ࡚ᕤኵࡋࡓ࡜࠾ࡾࠊ෌㓄ศ ࡢ⤖ᯝࡀᆅᇦ㛫ࡢࢮࣟࢧ࣒࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

௚᪉ࠊᆅᇦᛶ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿほⅬ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊྛᨻ⟇ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕ࡀࡇࡢ᪂ࡓ

࡞㈨㔠⛣㌿ࡢᐇ᝟ࢆᐜㄆࡍࡿ࠿ࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋᣦ㔪ࡢᩘᏐ࡟ࡘ࠸

࡚ࠊ౛࠼ࡤ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻࡢᆅ᪉⮬἞యࡢ༠㆟ᅋయ࡛࠶ࡿᆅ᪉⮬἞య༠఍

(Local Government Association)ࡣࠊᆅ᪉࡬ࡢ㈨㔠ቑࢆ඲య࡜ࡋ࡚Ḽ㏄ࡍࡿ

୍᪉ࠊ≉ᐃ࣭≉Ṧ⿵ຓ㔠ࡢᣑ኱ぢ㏻ࡋ࡟ࡣᠱᛕࢆ♧ࡋࡓ²⁰⁾ࠋ⮬἞యࡢ㈈

ᨻ⮬⏤ᗘࢆᣑ኱ࡍ࡭ࡃ౑㏵㝈ᐃᆺࡢ㈨㔠ࢆᢚไࡍࡿ࡜ࡢᨻᗓࡢㄋ⣙࡟ࡶ

࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊࡇࢀࡽ㈨㔠ࡢఙࡧࡣබᘧ஺௜㔠ࡢࡑࢀࢆ኱ࡁࡃୖᅇࡾࠊ๓

ᖺẚ࡛16.5%ࡶୖ᪼ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ๓㏙ࡢᏛᰯྥࡅ㈨㔠ࡢࠕ౛እࠖᢅ࠸(ࣞ࢖

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ࣥࢬࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ㛶እ┦ࡢᘚ)ࡶྠᵝࡢᩥ⬦࠿ࡽゎ㔘࡛ࡁࡼ࠺²¹⁾ࠋ๓ᖺᗘࡢᨭ ฟ㢠࡟㛵ࢃࡽࡎࠊ⮬἞యࡣቑศࢆࡑࡢࡲࡲᏛᰯ࡟Ώࡍࡇ࡜ࢆᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚

࠸ࡿࠋᏛᰯᢸᙜ㛶እ┦ࡢࢹ࣮ࣅࢵࢻ࣭࣑ࣜࣂࣥࢻ(David Milliband)ࡶ඲ᅜ ࡢᏛᰯ㛗࡟ᐄ࡚ࡓᖺ᫂ࡅࡢ᭩⡆࡛ࠊ㺀⚾ࡓࡕࡣࠊࡇࡢ㏣ຍ㈨㔠ࡀᏛᰯ࡟Ώ ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆಖドࡍࡿᑐ⟇ࢆྲྀࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㺁࡜᭩࠸ࡓ²²⁾ࠋ┤᥋Ꮫᰯ࡟㈨㔠

ࢆΏࡍࡇ࡜ࢆ⮬἞య࡟ᙉ࠸ࡿጼໃࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㻌

3. ଽহ࿚ఴ͈͒ജٳġ ġ

3-1. ଽহഎླྀड़͈཮อġ

஺௜㔠ไᗘࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᆅ᪉ࡢ⮬୺ᛶᑛ㔜࡜ᅜ࡟ࡼࡿ㈈※ಖド࡜࠸࠺

ᚤጁ࡞ᆒ⾮ࡢୖ࡟⠏࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛࠶ࡾࠊᨵ㠉࡟ࡼࡿࡇࡢᆒ⾮ࡢ ពᅗⓗ࡞ಟᩚࡣࡍࡄࡉࡲไᗘ㠃ࡢΰ஘ࢆᣍࡁࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡑࡇ࠿ࡽᨻ἞ⓗ࡞

ΰ஘ࢆࡶᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡿࠋ

ᨻᗓࡣ஺௜㔠ไᗘࡢᨵ㠉࡟⥆ࡁࠊ2003ᖺ࠿ࡽᆅ᪉㈈ᨻᨵ㠉ࡢḟࡢẁ㝵

࡜ࡋ࡚㈈※ࣂࣛࣥࢫࡢ᳨ド࡟㐍ࡴẁྲྀࡾࢆ᝿ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࡶ࡜ࡶ

࡜ඛ㏙2001ᖺ12᭶ࡢⓑ᭩࡛⣙᮰ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⮬἞య཰ධ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⊂⮬

ࡢ㈈※࡜ᨻᗓ⛣㌿㈨㔠ࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆ඲㠃ⓗ࡟෌᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀ

࡚࠸ࡓࠋ

஺௜㔠ไᗘᨵ㠉࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿΰ஘ࡀ⏕ࡌࡓࡢࡣࡇࡢ᫬ᮇ࡟࠶ࡓࡿࠋ⮬἞

యࡢ⮬୺㈈※ࡢ୺㍈࡛࠶ࡿ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ2003/04 ᖺᗘࡢᛴ㦐 ࡀ༴᝹ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋィ⟬ୖࠊ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯࡟ࡼࡿ᝿ᐃ

཰ධ㢠ࡣ⮬἞యࡢ୍⯡఍ィᨭฟ㢠࡜ᨻᗓ࠿ࡽࡢ⛣㌿㈨㔠㢠ࡢᕪ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ Ẹ 㛫 ࡢ ヨ ⟬(බ ㈈ ᨻ ఍ ィ ༠ ఍ Chartered Institute of Public Finance and

Accountancy ࡟ࡼࡿ)࡛ࡣࠊᐙᒇ࡬ࡢㄢ⛯࡛࠶ࡿ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯ࡢ⛯㢠ࡣࠊ

᪂ᖺᗘ࡟ࠊ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ඲యࡢᖹᆒ࡛๓ᖺẚ 12%ୖ᪼ࡋࠊᶆ‽࡜ࡉࢀࡿ㺀ࣂ

ࣥࢻ D㺁ࡢᐙᒇ࡛ึࡵ࡚ 1000࣏ࣥࢻྎ࡟஌ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀண᝿ࡉࢀࡓ²³⁾ࠋ12%

ࡶࡢቑຍࡣࠊ10ᖺ๓࡟ྠ⛯ࡀᑟධࡉࢀ࡚௨᮶᭱኱ࡢఙࡧ࡛ࠊ≀౯ୖ᪼⋡

ࡢ4ಸ࡜࡞ࡿࠋᖺᮎࡢ㈈ᨻᣦ㔪Ⓨ⾲᫬ࡢᨻᗓ᝿ᐃ࡜ẚ࡭࡚ࡶ2ಸࡢᩘᏐ

࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡢண ࡣᨻᗓࢆᙜᝨࡉࡏࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ²⁴⁾ࠋᐇ㝿࡟࢖ࣥࢢࣛ

ࣥࢻ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࡇࡢᖺࡢࣂࣥࢻDᐙᒇࡢ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯ࡣᖹᆒ࡛12.9%ୖ᪼

ࡋࠊ1102࣏ࣥࢻ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋᑟධ࠿ࡽ 10ᖺ࡛ࠊᖹᆒ⛯㢠ࡣᙜึࡢ568 ࣏

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ࣥࢻ࠿ࡽ࡯ࡰಸቑࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ²⁵⁾ࠋ

ᖺࡀ᫂ࡅ2003ᖺ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࡍࡄ࡟ࠊᆅ᪉⮬἞య༠఍࡜ᨻᗓ࡜ࡢ㛫࡛ᛂ㓘 ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࠋ஺௜㔠ࡢቑ㢠ᐇ⦼ࢆᙉㄪࡍࡿᨻᗓ࡟ᑐࡋࠊ⮬἞యഃࡣࠊ᪂ࡓ

࡞஺௜㔠ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢࡶ࡜࡛ࠊ⮬἞యࣞ࣋ࣝ࡟㈨㔠୙㊊ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ୺

ᙇࡋࡓࠋᆅ᪉⮬἞య༠఍ࡣ1᭶ୖ᪪ࠊ࣑ࢻࣝ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻࡢ13⮬἞యࡀ 4 ᭶࠿ࡽࡢ᪂ᖺᗘ࡟༑ศ࡞㈨㔠ࢆ☜ಖ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ぢ㎸ࡳ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢ

⮬἞య࡛ࡣఫẸࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ⦰ᑠ࠿ࠊ⣡⛯⪅࡬ࡢ㈇ᢸ㌿᎑ࡀ⏕ࡌࡊࡿࢆ࠼

࡞࠸࡜㆙࿌ࡋࡓ²⁶⁾ࠋ࢚ࢭࢵࢡࢫࠊࢣࣥࢺࠊࣁࣥࣉࢩ࣮ࣕࡢྛ࢝࢘ࣥࢸ࢕

࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ(௨ୗ㝶᫬CC࡜␎)࡛ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ750୓࣏ࣥࢻࠊ300୓࣏ࣥࢻࠊ 300 ୓࣏ࣥࢻࡢ୙㊊ࡀ⏕ࡌࠊ௚࡟ࡶ࢖࣮ࢫࢺࢧࢭࢵࢡࢫࠊ࢙࢘ࢫࢺࢧࢭ

ࢵࢡࢫࠊࢻ࣮ࢭࢵࢺࠊࢧ࣮ࣜࠊࢹࣦ࢛ࣥࡢྛ CCࠊࡲࡓ࢝࢘ࣥࢸ࢕࢝࢘

ࣥࢩࣝࡢᶵ⬟ࡶഛ࠼ࡓࢹ࢕ࢫࢺࣜࢡࢺ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ(௨ୗ㝶᫬ DC ࡜␎)ࡢ

࢛࣒࢘࢟ࣥ࢞ DCࠊࡉ ࡽ ࡟ ࢔ ࢘ ࢱ ࣮ ࣟ ࣥ ࢻ ࣥ ࡢ ࣂ ࣮ ࢿ ࢵ ࢺ ࠊ ࣈ ࣟ ࣒ ࣜ

࣮ ࠊ࢟ ࣥ ࢢ ࢫ ࢺ ࣥ ࠊࣜ ࢵ ࢳ ࣔ ࣥ ࢻ ࡢ ྛ ༊ ࡛ ࡶ ྠ ࡌ ࡃ ㈨㔠 ୙ ㊊ ࡀ ⏕ ࡌ ࡿ

࡜ ࡋ ࡓ²⁷⁾ࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻࡢ༡㒊࡟఩⨨ࡋࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞㈈ᨻ㟂せࡢ⟬

ᐃ(FSS)࡛✚ࡳቑࡋࡀ┦ᑐⓗ࡟ᑡ࡞࠸ࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ㺀༡㺁ࡢ⮬἞య࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

⮬἞యഃࡢ୙‶ࡣࠊᩍ⫱࡜ࡾࢃࡅᏛᰯ㈨㔠ࡢᢅ࠸࡟㞟୰ࡋࡓࠋᆅ᪉⮬

἞య༠఍ࡣ㈨㔠୙㊊ࡢඖป࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᏛᰯྥࡅࡢ㈨㔠࡜ࡾࢃࡅᏛᰯண⟬ࡢ

⮬἞య࡬ࡢᙉไࢆ㠀㞴ࡍࡿࠋ2003/04ᖺᗘࠊFSSୖ࡛Ꮫᰯྥࡅࡢ㈨㔠ࡣ኱

ᖜ࡟ᘬࡁୖࡆࡽࢀࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋྛ⮬἞యࡀᨻᗓࡢせồࡍࡿFSS࡝࠾ࡾࡢ㈨㔠㓄ศࢆᏛᰯ࡟⾜࠺࡜ࡍࢀࡤࠊ௚ࡢఫẸࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡜ࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆḞࡃሙ

ྜࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ࢚ࢭࢵࢡࢫCCࡢሙྜࠊ2003/04ᖺᗘࠊFSSࡣ඲య

࡛2730୓࣏ࣥࢻࡢቑຍ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢෆヂࡣࠊᩍ⫱࡛3490୓࣏ࣥࢻࡢ

ࣉࣛࢫࠊࡑࢀ௨እࡣྜࢃࡏ࡚750୓࣏ࣥࢻࡢ࣐࢖ࢼࢫ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ

(10୓ࡢ᱆࡛ᅄᤞ஬ධ)²⁸⁾ࠋᩍ⫱࡟FSS࡝࠾ࡾࡢ㈨㔠ࢆᅇࡍ࡜ࡍࢀࡤࠊ௚

ࡢ⮬἞యࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡜ࡢᕪࡀ✺ฟࡍࡿࠋ⮬἞యࡀᨻ἞ⓗ㓄៖࠿ࡽࡑࢀࢆ㑊 ࡅࡿ࡜ࡍࢀࡤࠊ⮬୺㈈※࠿ࡽ㈨㔠ࢆㄪ㐩ࡏࡊࡿࢆ࠼࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝

ࡣ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯ࡢᘬࡁୖࡆ࡟ࡼࡿࠋ

࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯㢠ᛴ㦐ࡢ⫼ᬒ࡟ᩍ⫱㈨㔠ࡢᢅ࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡢぢ᪉ࡣࠊ࣓ࢹ

࢕࢔ࡸබ㈈ᨻ఍ィ༠఍࠿ࡽࡶ♧ࡉࢀࡓ²⁹⁾ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡣࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞⟬ᐃᘧࡢᑟ ධ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ఫ Ẹ ࢧ ࣮ ࣅ ࢫ ࡈ ࡜ ࡢ ㈨㔠 ๭ ྜ ࡀ ᚑ ᮶ ࡜ ኚ ࢃ ࡗ ࡓ ࡓ ࡵ ࠊ

SSA/FSS⟬ᐃ್࡜ᐇᨭฟ࡜ࡢ㛫ࡢ⤒㦂▱࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᚤጁ࡞ㄪᩚ࡟ࠊ⮬἞య

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࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝ≬࠸ࡢ⏕ࡌࡓࡇ࡜ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡇ࡟⮬἞య⤒ᖖᨭฟࡢ 4๭

ࢆ༨ࡵࡿᏛᰯண⟬ࡀᅜ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㔠㢠ࢆᅛᐃࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡶຍࢃࡾࠊ␗࡞ࡿ

ఫẸࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ┦஫࡛⮬἞యࡀ⿢㔞ⓗ࡟⼥㏻ࡋ࠺ࡿ㈨㔠ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ

⮬἞యࡀ≉ᐃࡢࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ㈝┠࡟༑ศ࡞㈨㔠ࢆ᣺ࡾྥࡅࡽࢀ࡞࠸༴㝤ࡣࡑ ࡢศ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡾࠊࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ⏕ࡌࡿ୙㊊ࡣ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯ࡢᘬࡁୖࡆ࡟ࡼࡗ

࡚ࡲ࠿࡞ࢃࡊࡿࢆ࠼࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⮬἞య㈈ᨻࡢ◳┤໬ࡢ

ࡶ࡜࡛ࠊΰ஘ࡀ⏕ࡌࡓ࡜ࡢぢ᪉࡛࠶ࡿࠋᏛᰯ࡬ࡢᨭฟ࡟ᨻᗓࡢ✚⟬࡝࠾

ࡾࡢᨭฟࡀせồࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛⮬἞య㈈ᨻࡢᰂ㌾ᛶࡀᦆ࡞ࢃࢀࡓࠊ࡜ࡢ㈈

ᨻࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᵓ㐀ⓗせᅉࡀᗈࡃᣦ᦬ࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

3-2. ΃;ϋΏσ୕ષઌͅచ̳ͥࢯ݈ġ

᪂ᖺᗘࡢ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯ୖ᪼࡟ᑐࡍࡿ཯Ⓨࡣࠊ2 ᭶࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊᑓ㛛ᐙࡢ

ࣞ࣋ࣝࢆ㉸࠼ࠊ୍⯡ᕷẸࡢ㛫࡟ࡶᣑ኱ࡍࡿࠋᢠ㆟άືࡣࠊ࡜ࡃ࡟࢖ࣥࢢ

ࣛࣥࢻ༡す㒊ࡢࢧ࢘ࢫ࢙࢘ࢫࢺᆅᇦࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ᄇฟࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢᆅᇦࡣࠊἢ ᓊ ࡢ ࠸ ࡃ ࡘ ࠿ ࡢ ⏫ ࡇ ࡑ ಖ 㣴 ᆅ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ྡ 㧗 ࠸ ࡶ ࡢ ࡢ(࢖ ࣥ ࢢ ࣛ ࣥ ࢻ ࡢ ࣜ

ࣅ࢚ࣛᾏᓊ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࢺ࣮࣋࢖ࡸࠊ㌷ ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ᭷ྡ࡞࣏࣮ࢶ࣐ࢫ࡞࡝)ࠊ ෆ㝣࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚ࡣ∾␆୰ᚰࡢ㎰ᮧᆅᖏࡀᗈࡀࡾࠊ⏘ᴗ㠉࿨ᮇ௨᮶ࡢᕤᴗ 㒔ᕷࡸ஺㏻ࡢᖿ⥺㍈࠿ࡽࡣ㞳ࢀࠊ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢ࡞࠿࡛┦ᑐⓗ࡟⦾ᰤ࠿ࡽྲྀ

ࡾṧࡉࢀࡓࠊᡤᚓỈ‽ࡶỴࡋ࡚㧗ࡃ࡞࠸ᆅᇦ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ㎰ᮧ㒊ࡣಖᏲ ඪࠊ㒔ᕷ㒊ࡣ⮬Ẹඪࡢఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ᆅ┙࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯ࡢୖ᪼ᖜ࡟ᆅᇦᕪࡢ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣඛ㏙ࡢබ㈈ᨻ఍ィ༠఍࡟

ࡼࡿヨ⟬ࡶ☜ㄆࡍࡿࠋ໭㒊࡜୰㒊ࡢㅖᆅᇦ࡛ࡢ⛯㢠ୖ᪼ࡀᆅᇦᖹᆒ࡛ 8 㹼10㸣ྎ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋࠊ༡㒊࡛ࡣ13㹼17%ྎ࡜ࠊ᫂☜࡞ᕪࡀぢࡽࢀࡿ

ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ³⁰⁾ࠋ⮬἞య༢఩࡛ࡣࠊ༡㒊ࡢࢧ࢘ࢫ࢖࣮ࢫࢺᆅᇦࡢ⮬἞య࡟20%

ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿୖ᪼ࡶぢࡽࢀࠊࣟࣥࢻࣥ༡㒊ࡢ࣡ࣥࢬ࣮࣡ࢫ༊࡟⮳ࡗ࡚ࡣ45%

ࡢቑຍࡀணᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋࠊ໭㒊ࡢࣀ࣮ࢫ࢖࣮ࢫࢺᆅᇦ࡟ࡣ 3ᖺ㐃⥆ᤣ࠼⨨ࡁࡢ⮬἞య(ࣞࢻ࣮࢝ࠊࢡ࣮ࣦࣜࣛࣥࢻ࡞࡝)ࡶ࠶ࡿ³¹⁾ࠋ

ᐇ㝿ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ኱ᖜ࡞ቑ㢠ࡣࠊ㺀ࢩ࣮ࣕ࢝࢘ࣥࢸ࢕㺁࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࠊ༡㒊࡟

ከ࠸㠀㒔ᕷ㒊ࡢ஧ᒙไ⮬἞యᆅᇦࠊ࡜ࡾࢃࡅࡑࡢ࡞࠿࡛ࡢᗈᇦ⮬἞య࡛

࠶ࡿ࢝࢘ࣥࢸ࢕࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝࡢ⛯㢠࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡀ኱ࡁ࠸³²⁾ࠋ౛࠼ࡤ ࢧ࢘ࢫ࢙࢘ࢫࢺᆅᇦࡢ࢝࢘ࣥࢸ࢕࡛ᕷẸ࡟ࡼࡿ཯ⓎࡢⓎⅆⅬ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸

ࡿࢹ࡛࣎ࣥࡣࠊ࢚ࢡࢭࢱ࣮(ࢹ࢕ࢫࢺࣜࢡࢺ)ᒃఫ⪅ࡢ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯ࡣ๓

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ᖺẚ18.5%ቑࡢ1105࣏ࣥࢻ(Dࣂࣥࢻ)࡜࡞ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢෆヂࡣࠊ࢚ࢡࢭࢱ

࣮DCศࡀ98࣏ࣥࢻ(๓ᖺẚ5.7%ቑ)ࠊࢹ࣎ࣥCCศࡀ904࣏ࣥࢻ(ྠ17.9%

ቑ)ࠊ㆙ᐹᶵ㛵(ࢹ࣭࣎ࣥࢥ࢛࣮ࣥ࢘ࣝ㆙ᐹ)ศࡀ 103 ࣏ࣥࢻ(ྠ 39.9%ቑ)

࡜ࡉࢀࡓ³³⁾ࠋࢧ࢘ࢫ࢙࢘ࢫࢺ࡛ࡣࠊ௚ࡢ࢝࢘ࣥࢸ࢕࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ(ࢥ࣮ࣥ࢘

࢛࣮ࣝࠊࢧ࣐࣮ࢭࢵࢺࠊࢻ࣮ࢭࢵࢺ)ࡶ10%ྎᚋ༙ࡢୖ࡛᪼࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟

ᑐࡋࠊྠᆅᇦࡢ2ࡘࡢࣘࢽࢱ࣮࣮ࣜ࢜ࢯࣜࢸ࢕ࡣࠊࣉ࣐ࣜࢫ࡛15%ࠊࢺ

࣮࣋࢖࡛8%ࡢୖ᪼ࡀண ࡉࢀࡓ³⁴⁾ࠋ

ࡇࡇ࠿ࡽ᝿ീ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ⛯㢠ᛴୖ᪼ࡢཎᅉࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ࡣࠊᨻ἞ⓗ

࡞ほⅬ࠿ࡽࡶ┦ᑐ❧ࡍࡿ୺ᙇࡀᒎ㛤ࡉࢀࡓࠋᨻᗓࡣಖᏲඪࡢఏ⤫ⓗᆅ┙

࡛࠶ࡿ࢝࢘ࣥࢸ࢕࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝࡀ⛯㢠ࢆᨻ἞ⓗ࡟᧯సࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᢈุࡋࠊ ࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋࢹ࣎ࣥࡢ⮬἞య㛵ಀ⪅ࡣࠊ༡㒊ࡢ⮬἞య࡟ᢞධࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㈨㔠ࢆᨻᗓࡀ໭㒊࣭୰㒊ࡢ⮬἞య࡟᣺ࡾ᭰࠼ࡓ࡜ᢈุࡍࡿ³⁵⁾ࠋࢹ࡛࣎ࣥࡣࠊ

⮬἞యࡢఫẸࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᨭฟ㢠࡟ᑐࡍࡿᨻᗓ࠿ࡽࡢ⿵ሸ๭ྜࡀࠊ10ᖺ㛫࡛

7๭㉸࠿ࡽ 6 ๭࡟ୗࡀࡗࡓ࡜ࡉࢀࠊࡑࢀࡀ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯⣡⛯⪅ࡢ㈇ᢸࢆ

ቑࡸࡍཎᅉ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡉࢀࡓ³⁶⁾ࠋ

ᨻᗓ࡜⮬἞యࡢ୺ᙇࡀᖹ⾜⥺ࢆ㎺ࡿ࡞࠿ࠊ౛ᖺ5᭶ึࡵ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡿ

⤫୍ᆅ᪉㑅ࡢ᫬ᮇࡀ㏆࡙ࡃ࡜ࠊ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯ୖ᪼ࡢᨻ἞ⓗ࡞ᢅ࠸࡟ࡶඪ ὴⓗ࡞ᛮᝨࡀࡼࡾᙉࡃ⤡ࡴࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋᆅ᪉㑅ࡣ౛ᖺ5᭶࡟ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡿ

ࡓࡵࠊࡑࡢᖺᗘࡢึࡵ࡟᪋⾜ࡉࢀࡓ᪂ไᗘ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᭷ᶒ⪅ࡢホ౯ࡀ♧ࡉ

ࢀࡿሙ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ1997ᖺ࡜ 2001 ᖺࡢ⥲㑅ᣲ࡛ປാඪࡀఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ಖᏲඪࡢ ᆅ┙ࢆษࡾᔂࡋࠊ⮬ࡽࡢᚓ⚊࡜ࡋࡓ࣑ࢻࣝ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊྠඪ

࡜᭷ᶒ⪅ࡢ⻤᭶ࡀ⤊ࢃࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ࡢ༴᝹ࡀฟ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᐇ㝿࡟ࠊࡇࡢ2003ᖺ5᭶ࡢᆅ᪉㑅ࡣປാඪࡢᩋ໭࡜ゝ࠸࠺ࡿࡶࡢ࡜࡞

ࡗࡓࠋ340ࡢᆅ᪉㆟఍࡛ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻࡢ2003ᖺ㑅ᣲ࡛ࠊປാ

ඪࡣ36ࡢ㆟఍࡛㐣༙ᩘࢆኻࡗࡓࠋࡇࡇ࡟ࡣࣈࣜࢫࢺࣝࠊࣈࣛ࢖ࢺࣥࠊ࢚

ࢡࢭࢱ࣮࡜࠸ࡗࡓ༡㒊ࡢ㒔ᕷ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊྠඪࡀ㛗ᖺᕷᨻࢆᢸࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࣂ

࣮࣑࣒ࣥ࢞ࡸࢥ࣋ࣥࢺ࣮ࣜ࡞࡝୰㒊ࡢ୺せ⏘ᴗ㒔ᕷࡶྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㏫

࡟ປാඪࡀ᪂ࡓ࡟㐣༙ᩘࢆ⋓ᚓࡋࡓ㆟఍ࡣ8࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡾࠊࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ྠ

ඪࡀ㐣༙ᩘࢆᢚ࠼ࡿ㆟఍ࡣࠊ㑅ᣲ๓ࡢ94࠿ࡽ28ῶࡗ࡚66࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇ ࡢᖺࡢ㑅ᣲࡣࠊ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻࡢᆅ᪉㑅࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿ4ᖺ࿘ᮇࡢ࡞࠿࡛ປാ

ඪ࡟ࡣࡑࡶࡑࡶ୙฼࡞㑅ᣲ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡢ³⁷⁾ࠊᅜᨻ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡛ࡣࠊ⥲㑅 ᣲࡢ2005ᖺᐇ᪋ࢆど㔝࡟ࠊࡕࡻ࠺࡝ᢡࡾ㏉ࡋᆅⅬ࡛ࡢປാඪࡢໃ࠸ࢆ༨

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࠺ᛶ᱁ࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋປാඪ࡬ࡢ㏫㢼ࡣࠊ୍⩏ⓗ࡟ࡣࠊ㑅ᣲ┤๓ࡢᑐ࢖

ࣛࢡ㛤ᡓ(3᭶)ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡶࡢࡢࠊ஺௜㔠ไᗘᨵ㠉࡟క࠺ᆅ᪉࡛ࡢΰ

஘ࡣࡇࢀ࡟㏣࠸ウࡕࢆ࠿ࡅࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

3-3. ڠࢷ঩߄ܓܥġ

ࡉ࠿ࡢࡰࡗ࡚᪂఍ィᖺᗘ㛤ጞ┤๓ࡢ3᭶ࠊࡍ࡛࡟ၥ㢟ࡣ」ྜⓗ࡞ᵝ┦

ࢆぢࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ஺௜㔠ไᗘᨵ㠉࡬ࡢᢈุࡣᏛᰯ⌧ሙ࠿ࡽࡶ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ

࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊᖺᮎࡢ⮬἞య㈈ᨻᣦ㔪࡛≀౯ୖ᪼⋡ࢆୖᅇࡿᩍ⫱ᨭฟ ࡢᘬࡁୖࡆࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀࡓ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊᏛᰯ࡬ࡢᐇ㝿ࡢ㓄ศ㈨㔠ࡣ᝿

ᐃࢆࡣࡿ࠿࡟ୗᅇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡢᢈุ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ³⁸⁾ࠋ

ΰ஘ࡣ3᭶࡟ࠊᏛᰯ⌧ሙ࠿ࡽ᪂ᖺᗘࡢ㈨㔠୙㊊ࡀ୺ᙇࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᾋ

ୖࡋࡓࠋከࡃࡢᏛᰯ࠿ࡽࠊ᪂ᖺᗘ࡟ࡣண⟬୙㊊ࡀ⏕ࡌࠊᩍဨᩘࡸᤵᴗᩘ

ࡢ๐ῶࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࢡࣛࢫつᶍࡢᣑ኱ࢆᙉ࠸ࡽࢀࡿ࡜ࡢኌࡀ࠶ࡀࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶

ࡿ³⁹⁾ࠋࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜ᩍ⫱ᢏ⬟┬ࡣࠊ᪂ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛ࡢ⏕ᚐ1ேᙜࡓࡾࡢ㈨㔠ቑ

ࢆᐉఏࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋᆅ᪉ᩍ⫱ᒁ࠿ࡽᏛᰯ࡬ࡢ 2003/04 ᖺᗘࡢண⟬㓄 ศࡀබ⾲ࡉࢀࡿ࡜ࠊᐇ㝿ࡣ㈨㔠ࡀ๐ῶࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡢぢ᪉ࡀྛᆅ࡛⏕ࡌ ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ⁴⁰⁾ࠋ඲ᅜᩍဨ⤌ྜ(National Union of Teachers)ࡣࠊᏛᰯ⌧ሙࡢ

㈨㔠୙㊊ࡀ⥲㢠࡛5൨࣏ࣥࢻ࡟㐩ࡍࡿ࡜᥎ィࡋࠊኟࡢᏛᮇ࡟඲ᅜ࡛ᩍဨ 700 ேࡀゎ㞠ࡢ༴ᶵ࡟࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢᚋࠊࡉࡽ࡟ 700 ேࡢ㏣ຍゎ㞠ࡀ࠶ࡾ࠺

ࡿ࡜ࡢヨ⟬ࢆබ⾲ࡋࡓ⁴¹⁾ࠋ

ᐇ㝿࡟ࠊ2003/04 ᖺᗘ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛᰯ㈨㔠ࡢኚ໬ࡣ㏆ᖺ࡟࡞࠸኱つᶍ࡞

ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ⁴²⁾ࠋබᘧ஺௜㔠⟬ᐃᇶ‽ࡢኚ᭦௨እ࡟ࡶࠊᏛᰯ㛵 ಀ࡛ࡣࠊᶆ‽㈨㔠ࡀ஺௜㔠࡬ࡢ௜ࡅ᭰࠼࡛⦰ᑠࡉࢀࡿ࡞࡝ࠊከࡃࡢไᗘ

ⓗ࡞ኚ᭦ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋᨻᗓࡣࡇࢀࡽࡢኚ᭦࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ⮬἞య࡜Ꮫᰯ࡟ᗈࡃ ๓ᖺẚቑࡢ㈨㔠ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓ࡜ᐉఏࡋࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊ⮬἞యࡢ㛫࡟ࡣࠊᏛᰯ

㈨㔠ࡀ୙㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡢㄆ㆑ࡶᏑᅾࡋࡓࠋ

㈨㔠୙㊊ࡣࠊ2003/04 ᖺᗘ୰࡟ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡿᩍဨ⤥୚ࡢᘬࡁୖࡆ࡜ࠊᖺ 㔠࣭ᅜẸಖ㝤ࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡍࡿ♫఍ಖ㞀㈝⏝㈇ᢸࡢቑຍ࡜࠸ࡗࡓே௳㈝ࡢᣑ

኱࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࠊ⮬἞యഃࡣࡑࢀࡽ㈇ᢸቑࡢぢ㏻ࡋࢆㄗࡗࡓ࡜ᨻᗓ ࡢ㈐௵ࢆ㏣ồࠊࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋᩍ⫱ᢏ⬟┬ഃࡣࠊᏛᰯ࡬ࡢ㈨㔠㓄ศࢆ㐺ษ࡟

⾜ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜⮬἞యࢆ㠀㞴ࡋࡓ⁴³⁾ࠋ⌧ሙࡢΰ஘ࡀᖺᗘࢆࡲࡓ࠸࡛⥆ࡃ

࡞࠿ࠊ୧⪅ࡢᛂ㓘ࡶ⥆࠸ࡓࠋ

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5 ᭶ᮎ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊᨻᗓࡶࢡ࣮ࣛࢡᩍ⫱ᢏ⬟኱⮧ࡀࠊ㈨㔠ࡢ๐ῶ࡟ࡼࡗ

࡚Ꮫᰯࡢ㺀ኈẼࡀపୗ㺁ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ౛ࡢ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆㄆࡵࠊࡑࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㺀ᢎㅙ ࡋࡀࡓࡃ㛫㐪ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㺁࡜ࡋࡓୖ࡛⁴⁴⁾ࠊ┠ඛࡢΰ஘࡟ᑐฎࡍ࡭ࡃࠊ3᭶ᮎ

࡟ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓᏛᰯྥࡅ㈨㔠ࡢ㏣ຍ㓄ศᥐ⨨(2800୓࣏ࣥࢻ)࡟⥆ࡁࠊ⮬἞య ෆ࡛ࡢ㈨㔠ࡢὶືᛶࢆ㧗ࡵࡿ㈨ᮏ⤒㈝ࡢ⤒ᖖ⤒㈝࡬ࡢ⧞ࡾධࢀࡸᏛᰯ㛫

࡛ࡢ㈨㔠ࡢ㈚ࡋ೉ࡾࢆㄆࡵࠊ஦ែࡢ཰ᣠࢆᅗࡗࡓ⁴⁵⁾ࠋ

ࡋ࠿ࡋᨻᗓࡣࡑࡢ㝿࡟ࡶࠊᏛᰯ㈨㔠⮬యࡀ๓ᖺẚ࡛ 11.6%ቑ㢠ࡉࢀ࡚

࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᙉㄪࡋࠊ㈨㔠බᘧኚ᭦ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀࢩ࣮ࣕ࢝࢘ࣥࢸ࢕ࡸࣟࣥࢻࣥ

ࡢ㑹እㅖ༊࡟኱ࡁ࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆㄆࡵࡘࡘࡶࠊᏛᰯࡀே௳㈝ࡢቑຍ࡟ᑐฎ ࡍࡿࡢ࡟ᚲせ࡞㈨㔠ⓗవ⿱ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡢ❧ሙࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࡓ⁴⁶⁾ࠋ࡜ࡃ

࡟ࠊᏛᰯ⌧ሙ࠿ࡽᢈุࡢᙉ࠿ࡗࡓᶆ‽㈨㔠࠿ࡽ⮬἞య࡬ࡢ㈨㔠⛣⟶࡟ࡘ

࠸࡚ࡣࠊ≉ᐃ࣭≉Ṧ⿵ຓ㔠ࡢ⦰ᑠ࡜ࡢᨻᗓࡢ᪉㔪࡟↷ࡽࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࢆṇᙜ

໬ࡍࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊᏛᰯࡢண⟬ィ⏬࡟ᙳ㡪ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ࡢㄆ㆑ࢆ♧ࡋࠊ⮬἞య

ࡸᩍ⫱ᒁ࡟ࡼࡿ㈨㔠㓄ศసᴗࢆᢈุࡋࡓ⁴⁷⁾ࠋࡇࡢⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ6 ᭶࡟

ࡶࠊᩍ⫱ᢏ⬟┬ࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢡࢫ࣐ࣥࡀḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ᶆ‽㈨㔠ࡢኚ᭦ࡣ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢᏛᰯ࡟≉᭷ࡢၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋᆅ᪉⮬἞యഃ

ࡣᙜ᫬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ኚ᭦ࢆ㠀ᖖ࡟ᙉࡃせồࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽ

ࡢኚ᭦ࡀࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓ࢖ࣥࣃࢡࢺࢆ㠀ᖖ࡟ὀどࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⁴⁸⁾ࠋ

ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟⮬἞య࡟ᑐࡍࡿᩍ⫱ᢏ⬟┬ࡢ୙ಙࡣ᰿῝࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

3-4. ා߄୆ڰ৪ͥ͢ͅࢯ݈͈ڐఱġ

௚᪉ࠊ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯ୖ᪼࡟཯ⓎࡍࡿᕷẸࡢᢠ㆟ࡣࠊ⮬἞య࡜ᨻᗓࡀࡇ ࡢၥ㢟࡛ࡶ┦஫࡟ᢈุࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍ࡞࠿ࠊኟ࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚ḟ➨࡟㺀ᖺ㔠⏕ά⪅

ࡢᢠ㆟㺁࡜ࡋ࡚ὀ┠ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋ

᪥ห⣬ࡢࢹ࢖࣮࣓࣮ࣜࣝ(The Daily Mail)ࡣ2003ᖺ6᭶19᪥࡟ࠊ㺀࢝࢘

ࣥࢩࣝ⛯࡟ᑐࡍࡿࠗ㧗㱋⪅ࡢ཯஘࠘ࢆᖺ㔠⏕ά⪅ࡀィ⏬㺁࡜ࡢぢฟࡋ࡛ࠊ 㧗㱋⪅ࡢ཯Ⓨࡢ㧗ࡲࡾࢆሗࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ᛴ ୖ ᪼ࡍ ࡿ ࢝ ࢘ ࣥ ࢩࣝ ⛯ 㢠 ࡬ ࡢ ཯஘ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ᨻᗓ ࢆ ⬣ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ࡿ ࡢ ࡣ ࠊ ᖺ㔠⏕ά⪅࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࢹ࣎ࣥࡢᖺ㔠⏕ά⪅ࡣࠊ4 ᭶࡟࢝࢘ࣥࢸ࢕࢝࢘

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ࣥࢩࣝࡀせồࡋࡓ 18.5㸣ࡢᘬࡁୖࡆ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᢠ㆟ࢆጞࡵࡓࠋᙼࡽࡣࠊ 3㸣ᮍ ‶ ࡢ Ỉ ‽ ࡟ ࠶ࡿ ࢖ ࣥ ࣇ ࣞ ࡟༶ ࡋ ࡓ ቑ ຍ ศࡢ ࡳ ࢆ ᨭ ᡶ ࠺࡜ ゝ ࠺ ࠋ す㒊ᆅ᪉(West County)࡛ࡣᩘⓒேࡀࠊከ㔞ッ㏣ࡢ༴㝤ࢆෑࡋ࡚ࠊ࢝࢘

ࣥࢩࣝ⛯ࡢቑຍศࢆᣄྰࡍࡿ⾜ືࢆィ⏬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ཯஘ࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡣ ᙼࡽࡀッ㏣ࡉࢀࡿ༴㝤ࢆෑࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯ࡢ኱ᖜ࡞ቑຍ㒊ศࢆ

ᨭᡶ࠺ࡢࡣᣄྰࡍࡿ࡜ゝ࠺ࠋ୺ദ⪅ࡢ࢔ࣝࣂ࣮ࢺ࣭࣋ࢽࢯࣥ(79ṓ)࡟

ࡼࢀࡤࠊቑຍศࡍ࡭࡚ࢆᡶ࠺ࡇ࡜࡟⣙250ேࡀᣄྰࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑ ࡢ཯㏫⪅ࡢᩘࡣᛴ㏿࡟ቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ⁴⁹⁾ࠋ

⣡⛯⪅ࡢ཯Ⓨࡀࠊグ஦ࡢゝ࠺㺀す㒊ᆅ᪉㺁ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࢧ࢘ࢫ࢙࢘ࢫࢺᆅ ᇦ࡞࡝༡㒊ࡢᖺ㔠⏕ά⪅ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ᣑ኱ࡋࡓ⫼ᬒ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢせ ᅉࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ1 ࡘࡣࠊ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯ࡢୖ᪼ࡀ࡜ࡾࢃࡅ㧗㱋⪅ࡢ

⏕ά࡟኱ࡁࡃᙳ㡪ࡍࡿ࡜ࡢぢ᪉࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㧗㱋⪅ࡣࡑࡢᡤᚓࡀᅛᐃ࠶ࡿ࠸

ࡣ≀౯ୖ᪼⋡࡟㐃ືࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࡓࡵࠊ≀౯ୖ᪼ࢆ㉸࠼ࡓ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ

⛯ୖ࡛᪼᭱ࡶ኱ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ⿕ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊࡇࡢ⌮⏤ࢆ

ᣲ ࡆ ࡿ ࢩ ࣥ ࢡ ࢱ ࣥ ࢡ ࡢ ࢽ ࣗ ࣮ ࣏ ࣜ ࢩ ࣮ ࢖ ࣥ ࢫ ࢸ ࢕ ࢸ ࣗ ࣮ ࢺ(New Policy

Institute)ࡣࠊ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻࡢ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯㢠ࡀ㐣ཤ10ᖺ࡛ᐇ㉁ⓗ࡟2ಸ

࡜࡞ࡗࡓ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊᖺ㔠ࡢከࡃࡀྠᮇ㛫࡟25㸣⛬ᗘࡋ࠿ୖ᪼ࡋ࡚

࠸࡞࠸࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᖹᆒᡤᚓࡢᐙィ࡛ࡣ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯ࡀᡤᚓ࡟༨ࡵ

ࡿ๭ྜࡣ 3㸣⛬ᗘࡔࡀࠊ75ṓ㉸ࡢᖹᆒⓗ࡞ᖺ㔠⏕ά⪅࡛ࡣᡤᚓࡢ 6㸣࡟

ࡶ㐩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࠊᖺ㔠⏕ά⪅ࡢ⏕ά࡛࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯ࡀ኱ࡁ࡞㈇ᢸ࡜࡞ࡗ

࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᣦ᦬ࡍࡿ⁵⁰⁾ࠋ

ูࡢせᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻ༡㒊ࡢ࡜ࡃ࡟ἢᓊ㒊ࡢሙྜࡣࠊ୙ື⏘

ホ౯㢠࡜ᒃఫ⪅ࡢᡤᚓࡢ஋㞳ࡶᣦ᦬ࡉࢀࡿࠋᚑ᮶࠿ࡽࡇࡢᆅᇦࡢ୙ື⏘

ࡣࠊほගᆅ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡿูⲮ㟂せ࠿ࡽࠊᒃఫ⪅ࡢᡤᚓ࡟ẚࡋ࡚ࠊ୙

ື⏘⛯ࡢㄢ⛯ᇶ‽࡛㧗࠸ࣂࣥࢻ࡟఩⨨࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞

ࡀࡽࠊࢹ࣎ࣥࡢᖹᆒᡤᚓࡀ඲ᅜᖹᆒࢆ 2๭ୗᅇࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᆅᇦࡢᡤᚓỈ‽

ࡣỴࡋ࡚㧗ࡃ࡞ࡃࠊ㈈⏘ホ౯㢠࡜ࡢࢠࣕࢵࣉࡣ኱ࡁ࠸ࠋྂࡃ࠿ࡽࡢఫẸ

࡟࡜ࡗ࡚୙ື⏘ࡣ┦⥆ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊᒃఫᐙᒇࡢ㈨

⏘౯್ࡀᨭᡶ⬟ຊࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯㈇ᢸࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⁵¹⁾ࠋᖺ㔠

⏕ά⪅ࡸࡑࡢ௚ࡢపᡤᚓࡢே࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ≧ἣࡣ୍ᒙ῝้࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ኟࢆ㐣ࡂࠊ㆟఍ࡢ᪂఍ᮇࢆ᥍࠼࡚ྛඪࡢඪ኱఍ࡀጞࡲࡿ9᭶࡟ࡣࠊࢧ

(16)

࢘ࢫ࢙࢘ࢫࢺ࠿ࡽጞࡲࡗࡓᢠ㆟άືࡶࡼࡾᛴ㐍ⓗ࡜࡞ࡿ඙ೃࢆぢࡏࡓࠋ

ྛᆅ࡛ᖺ㔠⏕ά⪅ࡀ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯ࡢᨭᡶ࠸ᣄྰࢆ⾲᫂ࡋ࡚ᗙࡾ㎸ࡳࢆ⾜

࠸ࠊ཰┘ࡶ㎡ࡉ࡞࠸ጼໃࢆ♧ࡋጞࡵࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᕷẸ࡟ࡼࡿ┤᥋⾜ື

ࡢᣑ኱࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࢹ࡛࣎ࣥࡣ9᭶༙ࡤ࡟ᆅඖࡢ㆙ᐹࡀᆅ᪉⮬἞ᢸᙜ㛶እ

┦ࡢࢽࢵࢡ࣭ࣞ࢖ࣥࢬࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ࡟ᑐࡋࠊ㺀ᨻ἞୙Ᏻ㺁࡟㛵ࡍࡿ␗౛ࡢὀព

ࢆ᭩㠃࡛ಁࡍ஦ែ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⁵²⁾ࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊᛴ㐍ⓗ࡞ᖺ㔠⏕ά⪅ࡢᅋ యࡀ఍ဨࢆᛴቑࡉࡏ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡽࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ࠊ400 ேࡀ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯ࡢ ࡍ࡭࡚ࠊ࡞࠸ࡋ୍㒊ࡢᨭᡶ࠸ࢆᣄྰࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺㐪཯ࢆෑࡍᜍࢀࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜

࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⓶⫗࡜ࡶゝ࠼ࡿࡢࡣࠊࡑࡢ㆙ᐹᶵᵓ⮬㌟(ࢹ࣭࣎ࣥࢥࣥ

࢛࣮࢘ࣝ㆙ᐹ)ࡀࠊ๓㏙ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯࡟ࡼࡿ⮬ࡽࡢ㈿ㄢࢆ๓ᖺ

ẚ࡛ 40%㏆ࡃࡶᘬࡁୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ᫬ᮇ࡟ࡣ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡶࠊ

ࢧ࢘ࢫ࢙࢘ࢫࢺࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࢆ㉺࠼࡚ᣑ኱ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ㧗㱋⪅ࡢᢠ㆟άືࢆࠊ 1990ᖺࡢࢧࢵࢳ࣮ࣕ㤳┦㏥㝕ࡢዎᶵࡢ1ࡘ࡛࠶ࡗࡓே㢌⛯཯ᑐࢹࣔ࡟࡞

ࡒࡽ࠼࡚ሗ㐨ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓ⁵³⁾ࠋ

ࡉࡽ࡟11᭶༙ࡤࠊ⩣ᖺᗘࡢᆅ᪉⮬἞య㈈ᨻᣦ㔪ࡀබ⾲ࡉࢀࡿ࡜ࠊ⥭ᙇ ࡣࡉࡽ࡟㧗ࡲࡿࠋ2003/04 ᖺᗘ࡟⥆࠸࡚࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯ࡀ኱ᖜ࡟ୖ᪼ࡍࡿ

ྍ⬟ᛶࡀฟ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ♧ࡉࢀࡓᩘᏐ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊ2004/05 ᖺᗘࡶ࢝

࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯㢠ࡣᖹᆒ࡛7%௨ୖୖ᪼ࡍࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ2003/04ᖺᗘࡢᖹᆒ13%

ࡼࡾࡣప࠸ࡶࡢࡢࠊ2 ᱆ቑࡢ⮬἞యࡶ࠶ࡾ࠺ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᝿ᐃࡉࡏࡿࡶࡢ࡛

࠶ࡗࡓ⁵⁴⁾ࠋ

ࡇࢀࢆཷࡅࠊᖺࡀ᫂ࡅࡓ2004ᖺ1᭶࡟ࡣࠊᖺ㔠⏕ά⪅ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟༓ேࢆ

㉸࠼ࡿつᶍࡢࢹࣔ࡜㞟఍ࡀࣟࣥࢻࣥ୰ᚰࡢᐁᗇ⾤࡛ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢ⾜

ືࢆ୺ᑟࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊࢹ࣎ࣥ࡟ࡶ㏆࠸ࣁࣥࣉࢩ࣮ࣕᆅ᪉࡛2002ᖺ⛅࡟ㄌ⏕

ࡋࡓࠕ࢖ࢬ࢖ࢵࢺࣇ࢙࢔(Is it fair)ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᅋయ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ㧗㱋⪅

ࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡍࡿ㐠ືࡀᣑ኱ࡍࡿ࡞࠿࡛ὀ┠ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓ⤌⧊࡛࠶ࡾࠊ

ࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜ࡣࣁࣥࣉࢩ࣮ࣕࡢ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝᅋయ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᆅ᪉⮬἞య࡬ᨻᗓ㈨㔠

ࢆබṇ࡟㓄ศࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࠊ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯ࢆᛂ⬟㈇ᢸ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓไᗘ࡟᭰

࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᨻᗓ࡟ồࡵࡿ⨫ྡάືࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ⁵⁵⁾ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࡑࡢάືࡣࡑ ࡢᚋࠊ༡㒊ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻྛᆅࡢࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᖺ㱋ᒙࡢఫᏯᡤ᭷

⪅ࢆᕳࡁ㎸ࢇ࡛ᣑ኱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓ⁵⁶⁾ࠋࣟࣥࢻࣥࡢࢹࣔ࡟ࡣ 2༓ே௨ୖࡀཧ ຍࡋࠊ4 ୓ேศࡢ⨫ྡࡀᐁ㑰࡟Ώࡉࢀࡓ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ⁵⁷⁾ࠋẚ㍑ⓗ᪩ᮇ࡟཰᮰ ࡋࡓᏛᰯ㈈ᨻ༴ᶵ࡜␗࡞ࡾࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᖺ㔠⏕ά⪅ࡢᢠ㆟ࡣḟᖺᗘ௨㝆

(17)

ࡶ᩿⥆ⓗ࡟⥆ࡃࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡿࠋ

2002ᖺࡢ஺௜㔠ไᗘᨵ㠉ࡣ௨ୖ᳨ウࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ2ࡘࡢᩥ

⬦㸫࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯ࡢୖ᪼࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㧗㱋⪅ࡢ཯Ⓨ࡜Ꮫᰯண⟬ࢆࡵࡄࡿᏛᰯ

㛵ಀ⪅ࡢ཯Ⓨ㸫࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᨻ἞ၥ㢟࡬࡜Ⓨᒎࡋࡓࠋࡕ࡞ࡳ࡟㈈ᨻไᗘࡢ ほⅬ࠿ࡽぢࡓࡇࢀࡽΰ஘ࡢ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᆅ᪉⮬἞య㈈ᨻࡢ┘ᰝࢆᢸ

࠺ ⊂ ❧ ᶵ 㛵 ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ┘ ᰝ ጤ ဨ ఍(Audit Commission)ࡀ ࡢ ࡕ ࡟ ᳨ ド ሗ ࿌ ᭩ ࢆ ฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯ࡢୖ᪼࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᨻᗓ࡟ࡼࡿ஺௜㔠ࡢ㓄ศ

ࢆࡑࡢ㔜せ࡞せᅉ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋࠊᨻᗓࢆ㠀㞴ࡋࡓ(2003 ᖺᮎࡢሗ࿌᭩)⁵⁸⁾ࠋ⮬

἞య㛫࡛ࡢ஺௜㔠ࡢ㓄ศࡀࢃࡎ࠿࡜ࡣ࠸࠼ኚࢃࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊ⮳ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛

㈨㔠ࡢ㐣୙㊊ࡀ⏕ࡌࠊࡇࢀࡀ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻ࡛ࡢᖹᆒ13%࡟ࡶୖࡿ࢝࢘ࣥ

ࢩࣝ⛯ୖ᪼ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓ࡜ࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௚᪉࡛ࠊ⮬἞యࡶ⣡⛯⪅࡟㈇

ᢸࢆ㌿᎑ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡑࡢ㈈ᨻࡢຠ⋡໬࡟ࡶࡗ࡜ດຊ࡛ࡁࡓ࡛࠶ࢁ

࠺࡜ࡶᣦ᦬ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓᏛᰯ㈨㔠༴ᶵ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⮬἞యࡀᐇ㝿ࡣFSSࢆ

ୖᅇࡿ㔠㢠ࢆᏛᰯ࡟㓄ศࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ(2004ᖺ7᭶ࡢሗ࿌᭩)⁵⁹⁾ࠋ

࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢᏛᰯ࡟㈨㔠ୖࡢΰ஘ࡣ࠶ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊࡑࢀ௨ୖࡢ㔜኱࡞㈨㔠㺀༴ᶵ㺁࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣࠊᐇ㝿ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜⤖ㄽ࡙ࡅࡓࠋ

4ȅଽຸͥ͢ͅచ؊ġ ġ

4-1. ڠࢷ঩߄͈ठ٨ڟġ

ไᗘᨵ㠉࡟క࠸⏕ࡌࡓΰ஘ࡣࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟␗࡞ࡿ฼ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ㛵ಀ⪅

ࡢ㛫࡛ࡑࢀࡒࢀ኱ࡁ࡞㛵ᚰࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡋࠊᨻ἞ⓗ࡟ὀ┠ࢆᾎࡧࡿၥ㢟࡬

࡜㌿໬ࡋࡓࠋᨻ἞ၥ㢟໬ࡋࡓΰ஘࡬ࡢᨻᗓࡢᑐᛂࡣࠊ୍⩏ⓗ࡟ࡣࠊᆅ᪉

(࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝ)࡬ࡢ㈐௵ࡢ㌿᎑࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

Ꮫᰯ㈈ᨻࢆࡵࡄࡿ཯Ⓨ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⮬἞యෆ࡛ࡢ㈨㔠⼥㏻࡛┠ඛࡢ㈨㔠⧞ࡾࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿᑐ⟇࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ5 ᭶ୗ᪪ࡲ࡛࡟⤊ᜥ᪉ྥ࡟ྥ࠿ࡗࡓࡶ

ࡢࡢࠊࡇࡢ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ㺀Ꮫᰯ㈨㔠༴ᶵ㺁ࢆ⤒࡚ࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸஺௜㔠ไᗘ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ

ᩍ⫱ᢏ⬟┬ࡢಙ㢗ࡣᦂࡽࡄࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡗࡓ⁶⁰⁾ࠋ

ࡇࡢΰ஘ࡢ㛫ࠊࢡ࣮ࣛࢡᩍ⫱ᢏ⬟኱⮧ࡀෆእ࡟Ⓨಙࡋ⥆ࡅࡓ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮

ࢪࡣࠊᩍ⫱㈨㔠ࡢ౑⏝࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⮬἞యࡢ⿢㔞ࢆ⦰ᑠࡍࡿ࡜ࡢጼໃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࡇ࡟ࡣࠊᶆ‽㈨㔠ࡢ๐ῶࢆᏛᰯ㈈ᨻ༴ᶵࡢ୺ᅉ࡜ࡳࡿどⅬࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊᏛᰯࡢ⎔ቃᨵၿ࡞࡝࡛⮬἞యࡀᙺ๭ࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᫝ㄆࡋ

(18)

ࡘࡘࡶࠊᩍ⫱ྥࡅ㈨㔠ࡢ౑⏝࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ⮬἞యࡢ⮬⏤ᗘࢆ⊃ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃ᪉

ྥࢆᙉㄪࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ⁶¹⁾ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ᐇ㝿࡟7᭶࡟ࡣࠊᶆ‽㈨㔠๐ῶ᪉㔪ࡢ ᧔ᅇࢆ⾲᫂ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢ᪉㔪㌿᥮ࡣ⮬἞య࠿ࡽࡢ㈨㔠ࡢྲྀࡾᡠࡋ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ 㛶ෆ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ๪㤳┦࡛ᆅ᪉⮬἞ࡢᢸᙜ኱⮧࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࣉࣞࢫࢥࢵࢺࢆ⃭

ᛣࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ⁶²⁾ࠋࣉࣞࢫࢥࢵࢺࡣࡑࡶࡑࡶࠊᏛᰯ࡬ࡢ

┤᥋ࡢ㈨㔠ᥦ౪ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿ2002ᖺᨵ㠉࡟⤌ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀࡓ᪉ྥᛶ࡟ࠊ㈈ົ኱⮧

ࡢࣈࣛ࢘ࣥ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㞴Ⰽࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ⁶³⁾ࠋ

ࡇࡢኚ᭦ࢆྵࡵࠊ2004/05 ᖺᗘ௨㝆࡟ྥࡅࡓᏛᰯ㈈ᨻ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᑐ⟇ࡢ

኱ᯟࡣࠊ5 ᭶ୗ᪪࡟ᆅ᪉⮬἞యࡢ௦⾲ࢆᣍ࠸࡚ᛴ㑉タࡅࡽࢀࡓᨻᗓෆࡢ ጤဨ఍࡛㆟ㄽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⁶⁴⁾ࠋࡇࡢ㛫ࠊ࡜ࡃ࡟5᭶ᮎ࠿ࡽ 6᭶㢌࡟࠿ࡅࠊ ᩍ⫱㛵ಀࡢ㛶൉࠿ࡽᏛᰯྥࡅ㈨㔠ࡢ෌ぢ┤ࡋ࡟㛵ࡍࡿⓎゝࡀ┦ḟ࠸࡛࡞

ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᶆ‽㈨㔠ࡢ๐ῶぢ┤ࡋࡶࡑࡢ1ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋඛ㏙ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᩍ

⫱ᢏ⬟┬ࡣᶆ‽㈨㔠ࡢ๐ῶࢆᏛᰯ㈨㔠༴ᶵࡢඖป࡜࡜ࡽ࠼࡚࠸ࡓࠋྠ┬

ࡣࠊࡇࡢ㈨㔠ࡀ⮬἞య࡟ࡼࡿ㓄ศࡢᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡛Ꮫᰯ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ཷ

ධ㢠ࢆῶࡽࡉࢀࡿ౛ࡶฟࡓࡓࡵࠊΰ஘ࡀ⏕ࡌࡓ࡜ぢ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ ࡑࡢ㈨㔠ࢆ┬ᗇഃ࡟࡜ࡾᡠࡋࡓ࠸࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡓ⁶⁵⁾ࠋணᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ๐ῶ ศ ࢆ ඖ ࡟ ᡠ ࡍ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ࠊ ᩍ ⫱ 㛵 ಀ ࡢ ㅖ 㛶 ൉(ࢡ ࣛ ࣮ ࢡ ࡸ 㛶 እ ┦ ࡢ ࣑ ࣜ ࣂ ࣥ ࢻ)࠿ࡽ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ࡲࡓࡇࡢ᫬ᮇࠊᏛᰯ㈨㔠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚඲ᅜ୍ᚊࡢ㈨㔠ᡭᙜ࡚ࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿ⪃

࠼ࡶᨻᗓእ࡟♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⁶⁶⁾ࠋ⮬ࡽࡢ⿢㔞ࢆไ⣙ࡉࢀࡿ⮬἞యഃࡣࡇ

ࢀ࡟ࡶࡕࢁࢇ཯ᑐࡢ❧ሙ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊᏛᰯഃࡸᩍ⫱ᢏ⬟┬࡟ࡣࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺

࡞୍ᚊࡢᢅ࠸ࡇࡑබṇ࡞ࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ᐇ⌧ࢆᮃࡴኌࡶ࠶ࡗࡓ⁶⁷⁾ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࡇ ࡢ᱌࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ୍ᚊࡢ㈨㔠ᡭᙜ࡚ࡣ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝ࡞ࢽ࣮ࢬ࡬ࡢᰂ㌾ᛶࢆḞ ࡃ࡜ࡢㄆ㆑ࡀ຾ࡿ⁶⁸⁾ࠋ㛶൉ࢧ࢖ࢻ࠿ࡽࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᡭἲ࡟ࡣၥ㢟ࡀከ࠸

࡜ࡢㄆ㆑ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓ⁶⁹⁾ࠋ

ጤဨ఍࡛ࡢ㆟ㄽࢆ⤒ࡓ 7᭶༙ࡤ࡟ࠊࢡ࣮ࣛࢡࡣ 2 ᖺ㛫࡟࠶ࢃࡏ࡚ 5.3 ൨࣏ࣥࢻࢆணᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡓᶆ‽㈨㔠ࡢ๐ῶ᧔ᅇࢆୗ㝔࡛Ⓨ⾲ࡋࠊྠ᫬࡟ࠊ Ꮫᰯ⌧ሙ࡬ࡢ㈨㔠ᢞධࢆᣑ኱ࡍࡿ᪉㔪ࢆ♧ࡍ⁷⁰⁾ࠋࡑࡢ┠⋢ࡣ㺀᭱ప㈨㔠ಖ ド(minimum funding guarantee)㺁࡛࠶ࡾࠊ2004/05ᖺᗘ࡜2005/06ᖺᗘࠊࡍ

࡭࡚ࡢᏛᰯ࡟⏕ᚐ1ே࠶ࡓࡾࡢཷྲྀ㈨㔠୍࡛ᐃ⋡௨ୖࡢఙࡧࢆಖドࡍࡿ

࡜ࡢᥐ⨨࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࡍ࡭࡚ࡢᏛᰯ࡟ᑐࡋࠊᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿ㈨㔠㡯┠ࡈ࡜ࠊ ࡑࡋ࡚Ꮫᰯ඲యࡢ㈨㔠㢠࡟࠾࠸࡚ಖドࡉࢀࠊ2004/05 ᖺᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᖹ

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ᆒ3.4%ࡢ≀౯ୖ᪼ࢆ๓ᥦ࡟ࠊࡑࡢ⋡ࢆ4%࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ10᭶ୗ᪪࡟♧ࡉ

ࢀࡓ⁷¹⁾ࠋࡇࡢ⋡ࢆ᮲௳ࡢ␗࡞ࡿࡍ࡭࡚ࡢᏛᰯ࡛ᐇ⌧ࡍ࡭ࡃࠊᨻᗓࡣᏛᰯ

FSSࢆ⏕ᚐ1ே࠶ࡓࡾ࡛᭱ప5%ቑຍࡉࡏࠊ⮬἞యࡣࡇࡢቑศࢆࡑࡢࡲࡲ

ྛᏛᰯ࡟㺀ࣃࢫ࣏࣮ࢺ㺁ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸⁷²⁾ࠋ

≉ᐃ࣭≉Ṧ⿵ຓ㔠㛵㐃࡛ࡣࠊୖグࡢࡼ࠺࡟๐ῶࡀ᧔ᅇࡉࢀࡓᶆ‽㈨㔠

ࡸ᪂ࡓ࡟ᑟධ ࡉࢀࡿᏛᰯᶆ ‽⿵ຓ㔠(School Standards Grant)࡛ࡢ᭱ ప㈨㔠ಖド(4%)ࠊࡑࡢ࡯࠿ࠊ㏣ຍࡢ㈨㔠ࡀᚲせ࡞Ꮫᰯࡢᨭ᥼ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿண

⟬ᨭ᥼⿵ຓ㔠(Budget Support Grant)ࡢୖ஌ࡏࢆ࠶ࢃࡏࠊ2004/05ᖺᗘ࡟ィ 4.4൨࣏ࣥࢻࠊ2005/06ᖺᗘࡣ5.2൨࣏ࣥࢻࡀᏛᰯ⌧ሙ࡟㏣ຍᢞධࡉࢀࡿ⁷³⁾ࠋ ࡉࡽ࡟ᩍ⫱FSSࡸᨻᗓ⿵ຓ㔠ࡢఙࡧ⋡ࡀᇶ‽ࡢୗ㝈࡟㏆࠸⮬἞య࡛ࠊࡑ ࡢ ࡞ ࠿ ࡢ ྛ Ꮫ ᰯ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ㈈ ᨻ ࡢ ᰂ ㌾ ᛶ ࢆ ☜ ಖ ࡍ ࡭ ࡃ ࠊ ⛣ ⾜ ᨭ ᥼ ⿵ ຓ 㔠 (Transitional Support Grant)ࡀᥦ᱌ࡉࢀࡓࠋ඲యࡢ3ศࡢ1⛬ᗘࡢᆅ᪉ᩍ

⫱ᒁࡀࡇࡢᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡾࠊ⥲㢠ࡣ2఍ィᖺᗘ࡛1.2൨࣏ࣥࢻ࡜ぢ㎸ࡲࢀࡓ⁷⁴⁾ࠋ

ࡲࡓࠊᏛᰯ㛵㐃ண⟬ࡢ࡞࠿࡛ࠊᏛᰯ࡟ጤ௵ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ᨭฟ࡟ࡣቑຍไ 㝈(Central Expenditure Limit)ࡀタࡅࡽࢀࡓ⁷⁵⁾ࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊᩍ⫱ᒁࡢᨭฟቑ⋡

ࡀᏛᰯ࡛ࡢᨭฟቑ⋡ࡼࡾప࠸ᩘᏐ࡟ไ㝈ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ2003ᖺࡢᏛᰯ㈈ᨻၥ㢟࡟ᑐࡍࡿᨻᗓࡢᑐᛂ࡛ࡣࠊ⮬἞య

ࡸᩍ⫱ᒁࡢ⿢㔞ࢆไ⣙ࡍࡿせ௳ࡀ┠❧ࡗࡓࠋ࡜ࡃ࡟᭱ప㈨㔠ಖドࡣࠊࡍ

࡭࡚ࡢᏛᰯ࡟୍ᐃ௨ୖࡢቑศࢆಖドࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺௙⤌ࡳ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡢቑศ ࡣ๓ᖺᗘண⟬࠿ࡽࡢቑศ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊᚑ᮶ࡢᇶ‽㈈ᨻ㟂せ㢠ࡢ⟬ᐃ

࡜ࡣⓎ᝿ࡀ␗࡞ࡿ⁷⁶⁾ࠋẖᖺᗘࠊ㐣ཤࡢᨭฟつᶍ࡜↓㛵ಀ࡟ⓑ⣬࠿ࡽせ⣲

ูࡢ✚⟬せ⣲ࢆ✚ࡳୖࡆࡿ࡜ࡢබᘧ஺௜㔠ࡢᇶ♏࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᛮ᝿ࢆࠊ ᩍ⫱ᢏ⬟┬ࡣྰᐃࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

4-2. ΅λΛάϋΈ͈াऐ

⮬἞య࡟ᑐࡍࡿᨻᗓࡢつไⓗ࡞ጼໃࡣࠊ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯㧗㦐࡟ᢠ㆟ࡍࡿ

ᕷẸ࡬ࡢᑐᛂࡢ㠃࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶぢࡽࢀࡓࠋ2003/04ᖺᗘࡢ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯13%

ቑࢆཷࡅࠊᨻᗓࡣ㺀࢟ࣕࢵࣆࣥࢢ㺁࡜࠸࠺ᡭẁࡢ⾜౑ࢆࡕࡽࡘ࠿ࡏࠊ⮬἞

యࢆ≌ไࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋ࢟ࣕࢵࣆࣥࢢ࡜ࡣࠊ⮬἞యࡢ㈈ᨻ㐠Ⴀ࡟ᑐࡍ

ࡿᨻᗓ࡟ࡼࡿᩘ㔞ⓗ࡞ୖ㝈つไ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㐣ཤࠊྛ⮬἞యࡢண⟬ࡸᆅ᪉⛯

ࡢఙࡧ⋡ࡀࡑࡢⓎືᇶ‽࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋປാඪࡣ 1997ᖺࡢᨻᶒዣᅇᚋࠊ ಖᏲඪᨻᶒ࡟ࡼࡿ㺀⢒㞧࡛ᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞(crude and universal)㺁࢟ࣕࢵࣆࣥࢢࡢ

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ᗫṆࢆᐉゝࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࡑࢀࡣ⤒ᖖண⟬ࡢఙࡧ⋡ࢆᇶ‽࡜ࡍࡿつไࢆᗫ Ṇࡋࡓ࡟㐣ࡂࡎࠊ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯ࡢఙࡧ⋡ࢆᇶ‽࡜ࡍࡿ࢟ࣕࢵࣆࣥࢢࡣࠊ ᆅ᪉㈈ᨻ࡬ࡢ┘╩ࢆᚲせ࡜⪃࠼ࡿ㈈ົ┬ࡢᙉ࠸ពྥࢆ⫼ᬒ࡟ࠊไᗘ࡜ࡋ

࡚ṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ⁷⁷⁾ࠋ

ᆅ᪉࡛ࡢ཯Ⓨࡀ୍ྥ࡟཰᮰ࡢẼ㓄ࢆぢࡏࡎࠊࡴࡋࢁᛴ㐍ᛶࢆቑࡋ࡚࠸

ࡃ≧ἣࡢ࡞࠿ࠊ2003ᖺࡢኟ㐣ࡂ࡟ࡣࠊᨻᗓෆ࡛ࡶḟᖺᗘ࡟ྥࡅࡓᢤᮏⓗ

ᑐ⟇ࡢᚲせᛶࡀㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯ࡢᨭᡶ࠸ࢆᣄ⤯ࡍ

ࡿᖺ㔠⏕ά⪅ࡢືࡁࡀࢧ࢘ࢫ࢙࢘ࢫࢺᆅᇦ࠿ࡽྛᆅ࡬࡜ᗈࡀࡿ࡞࠿࡛ࠊ9

᭶ୗ᪪࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ᨻᗓ࠿ࡽࡶࠊ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯ࡢỈ‽ࡀ㺀ཷᐜࡋ࠺ࡿ㝈⏺㺁࡟

㐩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ(ࣞ࢖ࣥࢬࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ㛶እ┦ࡢⓎゝ)࡜ࡢぢ᪉ࡀ⾲᫂ࡉࢀࡿ⁷⁸⁾ࠋ 11᭶༙ࡤࡢᆅ᪉⮬἞య㈈ᨻᣦ㔪ࡢබ⾲ࢆ๓࡟ࠊ2004/05ᖺᗘࡶ࢝࢘ࣥ

ࢩࣝ⛯ࡀ኱ᖜ࡟ୖ᪼ࡍࡿᠱᛕࡀ㧗ࡲࡿ࡜ࠊᨻᗓෆࡢືࡁࡣࡉࡽ࡟άⓎ࡜

࡞ࡗࡓࠋ୚ඪປാඪ࡬ࡢ᭷ᶒ⪅ࡢᨭᣢࡀኻࢃࢀࡿ࡜ࡢ༴᝹ࡢࡶ࡜ࠊᨻᗓ

࠿ࡽࡣࠊ⮬἞య࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࢟ࣕࢵࣆࣥࢢ࡜㏣ຍ㈨㔠ᢞධࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࡜ࡶ࡟

♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋ

㈈ᨻᣦ㔪බ⾲ࡢ1㐌㛫๓ࠊࣞ࢖ࣥࢬࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ㛶እ┦ࡣࠊ≀౯ୖ᪼ࢆୖ

ᅇࡿ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯㢠ࡢୖ᪼ࢆᅇ㑊ࡍ࡭ࡃࠊ⮬἞య࡟ᑐࡋࡑࡢண⟬ࢆ㺀๻ⓗ

࡟⦰ᑠ㺁ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆせồࡋࡓࠋ⋡࡟ࡋ࡚2᱆࡟㐩ࡍࡿ⛯㢠ࡢୖ᪼ࡣࠊ㺀࢖

ࣥࣇࣞࡀ2.5%ࡢ⤒῭࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊேࠎࡀᮇᚅࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜᫂ࡽ࠿࡟୍⮴ࡋ࡞

࠸㺁࡜ࡋࠊ⛯ࡣ㺀ཷᐜ࡛ࡁࡿࣞ࣋ࣝ㺁ࢆ㉺࠼ࠊேࠎࡢᚸ⪏ࡶ㝈⏺࡟᮶࡚࠸ࡿ

࡜ࡢㄆ㆑ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ⁷⁹⁾ࠋྛ⮬἞యࡣࡑࡢୖ᪼ࢆ᮶ᖺᗘࡣ1᱆࡟࡜

࡝ࡵࡿ࡭ࡁ࡜ࡉࢀࡓ⁸⁰⁾ࠋྠ㛶እ┦ࡣ࡜ࡃ࡟ᆅඖ㆙ᐹࡀᠱᛕࢆ♧ࡍ࡟⮳ࡗ ࡓࢧ࢘ࢫ࢙࢘ࢫࢺࡢືࡁࢆὀどࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᣦ㔪බ⾲ࡢᩘ᪥๓࡟ࡣࠊࢹ࣎

ࣥ CCࡀ࢚ࢡࢭࢱ࣮࡛㛤ദࡋࡓᕷẸ఍ྜ࡟ᣍ࠿ࢀࡓ㝿ࠊࡑࡢᖍ࡛ᖺ㔠⏕

ά⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯᥍㝖ᥐ⨨࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯ࡢ኱ᖜୖ᪼

ࡀண᝿ࡉࢀࡿ⮬἞య࡬ࡢ࢟ࣕࢵࣆࣥࢢ࡟ゝཬࡍࡿ⁸¹⁾ࠋ⛯㢠ࡢᛴቑ࡟ᢠ㆟

࡟ྥࡅࡉࡏᅇ㑊ࡍࡿᡓ⾡ࢆ࡜ࡗࡓࠋ⮬἞యࡣࠊ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯ࢆ኱ᖜ࡟ᘬ ࡁୖࡆᨻᗓ࠿ࡽไ⿢ࢆຍ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࠿ࠊఫẸࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆ๐ῶࡋᕷẸࡢ཯Ⓨ

ࢆ㈙࠺࠿ࠊཝࡋ࠸㑅ᢥࢆࡏࡲࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

⮬἞యࡢഃ࡟ࡣࠊබඹࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ㒊㛛ࡢ≀౯ୖ᪼ࡣ୍⯡ⓗ࡞⏕άࢥࢫࢺ

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ࡢࡑࢀࡼࡾࡶ㧗࠸ࡓࡵࠊᨻᗓ࡟ࡼࡿᨭฟᢚไࡢせồࢆ‶ࡓࡍࡢࡣࡑࡶࡑ

ࡶ୙ྍ⬟࡜ࡍࡿㄽ⌮ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓ⁸²⁾ࠋ㈈ᨻᣦ㔪ࡢබ⾲࡟ඛ❧ࡗ࡚ࠊᆅ᪉⮬἞

య༠఍ࡣࣉࣞࢫࢥࢵࢺ๪㤳┦࡟ᑐࡋࠊ⮬἞యࡀ 2004/05ᖺᗘ࡟࠶ࢃࡏ࡚

8 ൨࣏ࣥࢻࡢ㈨㔠୙㊊࡟㝗ࡿ࡜ࡢぢ᪉ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋෆヂࡣࠊ㧗㱋⪅ࡢ ᅾᏯࢣ࢔࡜Ꮚ࡝ࡶྥࡅࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡑࢀࡒࢀ 3൨࣏ࣥࢻࠊ㆙ᐹண⟬

࡛2൨࣏ࣥࢻ࡜ぢ✚ࡶࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊྠ༠఍ࡣࠊࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋᨻᗓࡀఱࡶᑐ

⟇ࢆ࡜ࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊᖹᆒ12㸣ࡢ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯ᘬࡁୖࡆ࠿ࠊࡇࢀࡽࢧ࣮ࣅ

ࢫࡢ๐ῶࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ࡜㆙࿌ࡋࠊ⮬἞య࡬ࡢ㈨㔠ᡭᙜ࡚ࢆせồࡋࡓ⁸³⁾ࠋ 11᭶19᪥࡟බ⾲ࡉࢀࡓ⮬἞య㈈ᨻᣦ㔪ࡣࠊ2004/05ᖺᗘࡢබᘧ஺௜㔠

ࡀ๓ᖺẚ 4.7%ቑࡢ 458 ൨࣏ࣥࢻࠊ≉ᐃ࣭≉Ṧ⿵ຓ㔠࡜ࡢྜィࡀྠࡌࡃ

6.5%ቑࡢ541൨࣏ࣥࢻ࡜࡞ࡿぢ㏻ࡋࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋᩍ⫱㈨㔠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ10

᭶ୗ᪪࡟ࢡ࣮ࣛࢡᩍ⫱ᢏ⬟኱⮧ࡀ⾲᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜࠾ࡾࠊᩍ⫱ FSSࡀࡍ࡭

࡚ࡢ⮬἞య࡛ 5.0%࠿ࡽ 6.8%ࡢᖜ࡛ቑຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠊࡇࡢቑຍࢆ⮬἞యࡣ ࡍ࡭࡚Ꮫᰯ࡟Ώࡍ࡭ࡁࡇ࡜ࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀࡓࠋᣦ㔪ࡀබ⾲ࡋࡓ㔠㢠࡟ࡣࠊᆅ ᪉⮬἞య༠఍ࡀ┤๓࡟୙㊊ࢆᣦ᦬ࡋࡓ㧗㱋⪅ࢣ࢔ࡸᏊ࡝ࡶྥࡅࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ

࡞࡝ࠊᩍ⫱௨እࡢศ㔝ࢆᛕ㢌࡟ᛴ㑉㏣ຍࡉࢀࡓ3൨࣏ࣥࢻࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸

ࡓࡀ⁸⁴⁾ࠊᣦ㔪බ⾲ࡢ 3㐌㛫ᚋ࡟ࡉࡽ࡟ 3.4൨࣏ࣥࢻࡀ㏣ຍࡉࢀࠊබᘧ஺

௜㔠ࡢఙࡧࡣ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟๓ᖺẚ5.5%࡜࡞ࡗࡓ⁸⁵⁾ࠋ

ᨻᗓࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟⮬἞యࡢồࡵ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ᆅ᪉࡬ࡢᢞධ㈨㔠ࢆ㏣ຍࡍࡿ

୍᪉ࠊୡㄽྥࡅ࡟ࡣ࢟ࣕࢵࣆࣥࢢࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧ࡋ࡚⮬἞యࢆ≌ไࡋࡓࠋ ᖺࡀ᫂ࡅ࡚2004ᖺࡢ1᭶࡟ࡶࣈࣞ࢔㤳┦ࡀࠊ᭶౛グ⪅఍ぢࡢሙ࡛ࠊ࢝࢘

ࣥࢩࣝ⛯ࡢ኱ᖜୖ᪼ࢆ㺀ṇᙜ໬ࡍࡿ⌮⏤ࡣࡲࡗࡓࡃ࡞࠸㺁࡜㏙࡭ࠊ2 ᱆ቑ ࡢ⮬἞య࡬ࡢ࢟ࣕࢵࣆࣥࢢࢆࡓࡵࡽࢃ࡞࠸࡜㔜ࡡ࡚ᙉㄪࡍࡿ⁸⁶⁾ࠋᨻᗓࡣ 11 ᭶ࡢᣦ㔪බ⾲᫬࡟ࠊ᭱኱ 65ࡢ⮬἞య࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࢟ࣕࢵࣆࣥࢢ⾜౑ࡢྍ

⬟ᛶࢆලయⓗ࡟♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊ2004/05ᖺᗘࡣᐇ㝿࡟ࡇࡢ࠺ࡕ14ࡢ⮬἞

య࡟ᑐࡋ࡚࢟ࣕࢵࣆࣥࢢࡀᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡗࡓ⁸⁷⁾ࠋ 5. ଽহഎచ؊͂ଷഽഎାࣣ଻ġ

௨ୖぢࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᨻᶒࡣ஺௜㔠ไᗘࡢᨵ㠉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᨻඪ㛫➇தࡢほ

Ⅼ࠿ࡽࠊᆅ᪉࡬ࡢ㈨㔠ࡢὶࢀ࡟ࡶࡓࡽࡉࢀࡓኚ໬࡟ὀ┠ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢᨵ㠉 ࡣࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜ࠊ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻࡢ୰ኸᆅ᪉㛵ಀࡢᇶᮏᵓ㐀࡟ࠊࡑࡢ㈈※㠃ࡣ

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࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ᡭࢆࡘࡅࡎ࡟࡞ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㈈※࡟ಟᩚࡢ࡞࠸㈈ᨻㄪᩚ

ไᗘࡢᨵ㠉ࡀࠊࡑࡢᙳ㡪࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ⮬἞య࡟୰❧ⓗ࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜

ࡣ࠶ࡾ࠼࡞࠸ࠋᨻᶒ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ㈈ᨻⓗ࡞࣐࢖ࢼࢫࢆ⿕ࡿᒙ࡟ࡼࡿᨵ㠉

࡬ࡢᢈุࡀᨻ἞ⓗ࡞࣐࢖ࢼࢫ࡬࡜㌿໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㜵ࡆࡿ࠿ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ࠸

࠿࡟ᨻ἞ၥ㢟໬ࢆ㣗࠸Ṇࡵࡽࢀࡿ࠿ࡀ㘽࡜࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋࣈࣞ࢔ᨻᶒࡣࡑࢀ࡟

ኻᩋࡋࡓࠋ

ᨻᶒෆ࡛ᨵ㠉ࡢᙳ㡪ࡣࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞୚ඪࢆྲྀࡾᕳࡃ⎔ቃⓗせ௳ࢆ⫼ᬒ

࡟ゎ㔘ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊᨻඪ㛫➇தࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫࡢୖ࡛ᚤጁ࡞᭷ᶒ⪅ᒙࠊ ࡑࡢព࿡࡛࣐࣮ࢪࢼࣝ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ࣑ࢻࣝ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻᒙ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟࠾࠸࡚

᭱ࡶὀ┠ࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣈࣞ࢔ປാඪ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡑࢀࡣ㌍㐍ࡢ※Ἠ࡜࡞

ࡗࡓ᪂ࡓ࡞ᨭᣢᒙ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⛯㢠ࡢୖ᪼࡟ᑐࡍࡿ཯Ⓨࡀࠊປാඪ࡬ࡢᨭᣢ ࡢࡑࡶࡑࡶᑡ࡞࠸ࢧ࢘ࢫ࢙࢘ࢫࢺᆅᇦ࠿ࡽࠊḟ➨࡟࣑ࢻࣝ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻ ᒙࡀྵࡲࢀࡿ୰㒊ࡸ༡㒊ࡢᗈ࠸ᆅᇦ࡬࡜ᣑ኱ࡍࡿ࡟ࡘࢀࠊඪ࡬ࡢᨭᣢࡀ

⼃ࡤࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜ࡢᠱᛕࡶᗈࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋ㐣ཤ2ᅇࡢ⥲㑅ᣲ࡛ࡢṔྐ

ⓗ኱຾ࢆᚋᢲࡋࡋࡓᨭᣢᒙࢆ෌ࡧᡭᨺࡋ࠿ࡡ࡞࠸࡜ࡢᠱᛕ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ2003 ᖺ5᭶ࡢᆅ᪉㑅࡟࠾ࡅࡿປാඪࡢᚋ㏥ࡣࠊࡑࡢᠱᛕࢆලయⓗ࡟ᙉ໬ࡍࡿ

ᮦᩱ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ゎ㔘࡛ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋ

ࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊᕷẸࡢ⾜ືࡀᣑ኱ࡋࡓ2003ᖺࡢኟࡍࡂ࡟ࡣࠊᨻᶒෆ࡛ࡶࠊ

⩣ᖺ࡟ணᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ୺せ㒔ᕷࡢᕷ㛗㑅࡜Ḣᕞ㆟఍㑅ࠊࡉࡽ࡟2005ᖺ᫓

ࡢ⥲㑅ᣲ࡟ྥࡅࡓ༴᝹ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋ࡜ࡃ࡟๪㤳┦ࡢࣉࣞࢫࢥ

ࢵࢺࡣḟᅇ⥲㑅ᣲ࡛ࡢ຾฼ࢆఱࡼࡾࡶ㔜どࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ໭㒊ࡀ༡㒊ࡢ≛≅

ࡢୖ࡟Ⰻࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡢ༳㇟ࢆ୚࠼ࠊ༡㒊ࡢ㔜せ࡞㑅ᣲ༊ࢆ⨩ࡍࡿࡼ

࠺࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛࡞࠸࡜ࡢ୺ᙇࢆࠊᨻᗓෆࡢ఍㆟ࡢሙ࡛ᒎ㛤ࡋࡓࡇ࡜

ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⁸⁸⁾ࠋඪὴⓗ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ༴᝹ࡍࡿぢ᪉ࡀᨻᶒ୰ᯡ࡛࠶

࠿ࡽࡉࡲ࡟♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ2004/05 ᖺᗘࡢ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯ࡀ≀౯ୖ᪼⋡ࢆ኱ࡁࡃ㉸࠼

ࡿぢ㏻ࡋ࡜࡞ࡗࡓ⛅ࡢ᫬Ⅼ࡛ࠊᨻᶒෆࡢ⥭ᙇࡣࣆ࣮ࢡ࡟㐩ࡋࡓࠋᆅ᪉࡟

࠾ࡅࡿ⣡⛯⪅࡟ࡼࡿ཯Ⓨࡀ୍ྥ࡟཰᮰ࡢẼ㓄ࢆぢࡏࡎࠊࡴࡋࢁᛴ㐍໬ࡢ ഴྥࡉ࠼ぢࡏࡿ࡞࠿ࠊ᫂☜࡞ᑐ⟇ࡢ᳨ウࢆࡏࡲࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ11᭶ࡢ

⮬἞య㈈ᨻᣦ㔪බ⾲࠿ࡽᖺᮎ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࡢ᫬ᮇࠊᨻᗓࡀ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯ࡢୖ

᪼⋡ࢆ1᱆ྎ࡟࡜࡝ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡬ࡢᙉ࠸ࡇࡔࢃࡾࢆぢࡏࡓࡢࡣࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺

࡟㑅ᣲࢆぢ㉺ࡋࡓ஦᝟ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

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ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ࢟ࣕࢵࣆࣥࢢ࡜࠸࠺⮬἞య࡬ࡢᙉせࢆ㝖ࡃ࡜ࠊ࡯࠿࡟ᨻᗓ⮬

㌟ࡀ⛯㢠ࡢୖ᪼ࢆᢚ࠼ࡿࡓࡵ࡟࡜ࡿ࡭ࡁᡭẁ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㛶ෆ࡛ᑐ❧ࡶ

࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋᆅ᪉⮬἞ࡢᢸᙜ኱⮧࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࣉࣞࢫࢥࢵࢺࡣࠊ⮬἞య

࡟ࡼࡿఫẸࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ㛫ࡢ㈨㔠⼥㏻ࢆ㈈ᨻᵓ㐀ࡢ㠃࡛ᐜ᫆࡟ࡍ࡭ࡃࠊྛ✀

ࡢ㈨㔠࡟࠾ࡅࡿ୰ኸ┬ᗇ࠿ࡽࡢ౑㏵≉ᐃࢆ኱ᖜ࡟⦆࿴ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᮇᚅࡋ ࡓ⁸⁹⁾ࠋࡑࡢጼໃࡣᆅ᪉㔜ど࡜࠸࠺ᨻᗓࡢ᪉㔪࠿ࡽࡶṇᙜ໬ࡉࢀ࠺ࡿࡶࡢ

࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋࠊࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᥦ౪┬ᗇࡢ❧ሙ࠿ࡽࡣࠊᩍ⫱኱⮧ࡢࢡࣛ

࣮ࢡࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊෆົ኱⮧ࡢࣈࣛࣥࢣࢵࢺ(David Blunkett)ࡸಖ೺኱⮧ࡢ

࣮ࣜࢻ(John Reed)࡜࠸ࡗࡓ᭷ຊ㛶൉࡟౑㏵≉ᐃ⦆࿴࡬ࡢ཯ᑐࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ⁹⁰⁾ࠋ ᨻᶒ୰ᯡ࡛࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ⛯ࡢ෌ୖ᪼࡬ࡢ༴᝹ࡀ㧗ࡲࡗࡓ2003ᖺ11᭶୰᪪ࠊ

࠶ࡿ኱⮧ࡣ඲ᅜ⣬ࡢグ⪅࡟ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟₃ࡽࡋࡓ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋ

⚾ࡓࡕࡣࡳ࡞᫂ᛌ࡞ゎỴࡢ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡦࡶ௜ࡁ࡛Ώࡉࢀ

ࡿ㈨㔠ࢆῶࡽࡍࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋᨭฟ┬ᗇࡢ኱⮧ࡣࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞㈨㔠ࡀ⮬㌟࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ௚ࡢ┬ᗇ࠿ࡽ᮶ࡿ࡭ࡁ࡜ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊヰࡀ⾜ࡁワࡲࡿࠋ 㺀⚾ࡢ⿬ᗞ࡟࠾࠸࡚࡛ࡣ࡞࠸(not in my back yard)㺁ࡢ౛࡛࠶ࡿ⁹¹⁾ࠋ

⮬ࡽ࡟ࡼࡿ⿵ຓ㔠ࡢ๐ῶࢆᣄྰࡍࡿྛ┬ᗇࡢጼໃࡣ⤊ጞ㡹࡞࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶

ࡗࡓࠋ

ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᆅ᪉㈈ᨻࡢไᗘᨵ㠉࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿ୍㐃ࡢΰ஘࡛ࡣࠊ஦ែࡢ ᨻ἞ⓗ࡞ᒎ㛤࡟ཷືⓗ࡟ᑐฎࡍࡿጼໃࡀᨻᶒ୰ᯡ࡟┠❧ࡕࠊࡑࡢ཰ᣠ࡟

ྥࡅࡓලయⓗ࡞ᑐᛂࡣࠊᨵ㠉ࡢไᗘ⟇ᐃ㐣⛬࡛ࡶࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ

┦஫ࡢㄪᩚࢆḞ࠸ࡓࡲࡲࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᨻ⟇ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⊂⮬ࡢ ほⅬ࠿ࡽ㐍ࡵࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ಘġ

1) ⱝᯇ㑥ᘯࠕᆅ᪉ศᶒ࡜ᶓ᩿ⓗᨻ⟇ㄪᩚ㸫ᆅ᪉㈈ᨻไᗘᨵ㠉ࡢᨻ἞㐣

⛬ࠖࠗᮾிእᅜㄒ኱Ꮫㄽ㞟࠘➨81ྕࠊ2010ᖺࠊ383-401㡫

2) Department for Transport, Local Government and Regions (DTLR), Strong Local Leadership: Quality Public Services (London, The Stationery Office, 2001), Foreword

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3) Paul Bolton and Edward Wood, Local Government Finance in England:

Replacing the Standard Spending Assessment, House of Commons Library Research Paper 02/56, 11 October 2002, p.3

4) DTLR, Strong Local Leadership, Foreword

5) ‘Sighs of relief as son of SSA has something for everyone’, Public Finance, 13 December 2002

6) ‘Record rise in council tax bills: Ministers fear backlash over “double whammy”’(by Peter Hetherington), The Guardian, 5 March 2003

7) House of Commons Library, School Funding, Library Standard Note, SN/SP/04581, 21 May 2009 (Updated), pp.2-3

8) Rosalind Levacic, ‘Financing schools: evolving patterns of autonomy and control’, Educational Management Administration & Leadership vol.36, no.2 (2008), pp.228-231

9) Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy (CIPFA), An Introductory Guide to Education Finance in England, 3rd edition (London, CIPFA, 2008), p.145

10) Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions, Modernising Local Government Finance: A Green Paper (London, The Stationery Office, 2000)

11) CIPFA, An Introductory Guide to Education Finance in England, p.146

12) ‘School Funding (Charles Clarke)’, House of Commons Debates vol.412, 29 October 2003, cols.305-323

13) ‘Sighs of relief as son of SSA has something for everyone’

14) ‘Does Raynsford have the right funding formula’, Public Finance, 19 July 2002

15) ‘Shires likely losers under simpler SSA plans’, Public Finance, 12 July 2002

16) ‘Does Raynsford have the right funding formula’

17) ‘Shires likely losers under simpler SSA plans’

18) ‘Shires likely losers under simpler SSA plans’

21) ‘Local Government Financial Settlement 2003-04 (Nick Raynsford)’, House of Commons Debates vol.395, 5 December 2002, col.1066

22) ‘Education funding plan may lead to bigger council tax bills’ (by Simon Parker), The Guardian, 9 January 2003

23) ‘Record rise in council tax bills’

25) ‘Minister admits council tax cannot rise much more’ (by Maxine Frith,

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Social Affairs Correspondent), The Independent, 22 September 2003

26) ‘Education funding plan may lead to bigger council tax bills’

30) ໭㒊࣭୰㒊࡛ࡣࠊࣀ࣮ࢫ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ 8.6%ࠊࣀ࣮ࢫ࢙࢘ࢫࢺ 9.1%ࠊࣚ

࣮ࢡࢩ࣮࣭ࣕࣁࣥࣂ࣮10%ࠊ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣑ࢵࢻࣛࣥࢬ9.5%ࠊ࢙࢘ࢫࢺ

࣑ࢵࢻࣛࣥࢬ 9.6%ࠊ༡㒊࡛ࡣࠊࢢ࣮ࣞࢱ࣮ࣟࣥࢻࣥ17.9%ࠊࢧ࢘ࢫ

࢙࢘ࢫࢺ 13.8%ࠊ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ 15.1%ࠊࢧ࢘ࢫ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ 15.8%ࠋ‘South

West: revolt brews’, BBC Politics Show (on line), 7 March 2003

32) 1990ᖺ௦௨㝆ࡢ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᆅ᪉⮬἞యไᗘࡢᨵ㠉ࡣࠊ኱

㒔 ᕷ ᅪ ௨ እ ࡛ ఏ ⤫ ⓗ ࡟ ⥆ ࠸ ࡚ ࡁ ࡓ ࢹ ࢕ ࢫ ࢺ ࣜ ࢡ ࢺ ࡜ ࢝ ࢘ ࣥ ࢸ ࢕ ࠿

ࡽ࡞ࡿ஧ᒙไࢆᩚ⌮⤫ྜࡋࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞ࣘࢽࢱ࣮࣮ࣜ࢜ࢯࣜࢸ࢕࡜ࡋ࡚

୍ᒙ ໬ ࢆ㐍 ࡵ ࡿᇶ ᮏ ⓗ࡞ ᪉ ྥᛶ ࢆ ᭷ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ࡓ ࠋ ࡋ࠿ ࡋ ࡇࡢ ᨵ 㠉ࡀࠊ 㒔 ᕷ 㒊 ࡢ ᭷ ຊ ࢹ ࢕ ࢫ ࢺ ࣜ ࢡ ࢺ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ࿘ ㎶ ࡢ ㎰ ᮧ 㒊 ࢆ ྾ ཰ ࡍ ࡿ ᙧ ࡛ ࡢ࢝࢘ࣥࢸ࢕ศ๭ゎయ࡜ࡋ࡚㐍ࡴࡇ࡜ࢆ㆙ᡄࡋࠊ㒔ᕷ(ປാඪ࡞࠸ࡋ

⮬Ẹඪ)࡜㎰ᮧ(ಖᏲඪ)࡛㆟఍ඪὴⰍࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ㢧ⴭ࡞༡㒊࡛ࡣࠊఏ⤫

ⓗ࡞஧ᒙไࡀ㠀㒔ᕷ㒊࡟ከࡃṧࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ

33) ‘Speech by Nick Raynsford on 15 November 2003, Devon County Council Conference’, UK Government Web Archive, The National Archives

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20031124053318/http://odpm.gov .uk/stellent/groups/odpm_about/documents/pdf/odpm_about_pdf_025733 .pdf, retrieved 13 Dec 2011

34) ࣘࢽࢱ࣮࣮ࣜ࢜ࢯࣜࢸ࢕࣮ࡣ㒔ᕷ㒊࡟ከ࠸୍ᒙไࡢ⮬἞య࡛ࠊ஧ᒙ ไᆅᇦ࡛ࡢDC࡜CCࡢᶵ⬟ࢆྜࢃࡏࡶࡘࠋ‘South West: revolt brews’, BBC Politics Show (on line), 7 March 2003

35) ‘South West: revolt brews’; ‘Pensioners plan “grey revolt” over council tax’, The Daily Mail, 19 June 2003

36) ‘South West: revolt brews’

37) ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢᆅ᪉㆟఍ࡣ4ᖺ௵ᮇ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⮬἞యࡢ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡈ࡜࡟

㑅ᣲࡢᖺࡀ࠾࠾ࡴࡡ⤫୍ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊᆅ᪉㑅ᣲ࡟ࡣ4ᖺ࿘ᮇࡢ

≉ᚩࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ2003ᖺࡣࡇࡢ࿘ᮇࡢ࡞࠿࡛ᨵ㑅ࡉࢀࡿ㆟఍ࡀ᭱ࡶ

ከ࠸ᖺ࡟࠶ࡓࡾࠊ㆟఍ᩘ࡛ࡣࢩ࣮ࣕ࢝࢘ࣥࢸ࢕࡞࡝㠀㒔ᕷ㒊ࡢࢹ࢕

ࢫࢺࣜࢡࢺ㆟఍ࡀ኱༙࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡑࡶࡑࡶປാඪ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ㐣

༙ ᩘ ࢆ ไ ࡍ ࡿ ㆟ ఍ ࡢ ⤯ ᑐ ᩘ ࢆ ಖ Ᏺ ඪ ࡸ ⮬ Ẹ ඪ ࡜ ➇ ࠺ 㑅 ᣲ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࠿ ࡗࡓࠋ

38) Tony Travers, ‘Local Government’, in Anthony Seldon ed., Blair’s

ᨵ㠉ࡢไᗘⓗ▩┪࡜ᨻ἞ၥ㢟࡬ࡢᒎ㛤 㸫࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ஺௜㔠ไᗘᨵ㠉ࡢᇳ⾜㐣⛬㸫