Title 内蒙古達拉特旗における地下水資源の現況と予測( 本文(Fulltext) ) Author(s) BADARIFU Report No.(Doctoral Degree) 博士(農学) 甲第636号 Issue Date 2015-03-13 Type 博士論文 Version ETD URL http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12099/51010 ※この資料の著作権は、各資料の著者・学協会・出版社等に帰属します。
ෆⵚྂ㐩ᢼ≉䛻䛚䛡䜛㻌
ᆅୗỈ㈨※䛾⌧ἣ䛸ண
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2014
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ᒱ㜧ᏛᏛ㝔㐃ྜ㎰Ꮫ◊✲⛉㻌
⏕≀⎔ቃ⛉Ꮫ㻌
䠄ᒱ㜧Ꮫ䠅㻌
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㻮㻭㻰㻭㻾㻵㻲㼁㻌
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ෆⵚྂ㐩ᢼ≉䛻䛚䛡䜛㻌
ᆅୗỈ㈨※䛾⌧ἣ䛸ண
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㻌 㻮㻭㻰㻭㻾㻵㻲㼁㻌
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Contents
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㻌 List of Figures 㻌 㻌 㻌 v List of Tables 㻌 㻌 㻌 x Chapter 1 ᗎ ㄽ 㻌 㻌 㻌 1 1.1㻌 ᆅୗỈ◊✲䜈䛾䛝䛳䛛䛡 㻌 㻌 㻌 1 1.2㻌 㯤Ἑὶᇦ䜢ᕠ䜛Ỉ㈨※ 㻌 㻌 㻌 3 1.3㻌 ᮏㄽᩥ䛾ᵓᡂ 㻌 㻌 㻌 6 Chapter 2㻌 ◊✲᪉ἲ 㻌 㻌 㻌 9 2.1㻌 ෆⵚྂ㐩ᢼ≉䛻䛴䛔䛶 㻌 㻌 㻌 9 2.1.1㻌 ෆⵚྂ⮬༊䛻䛴䛔䛶 㻌 㻌 㻌 9 2.1.2㻌 ෆⵚྂ⮬༊㐩ᢼ≉䛻䛴䛔䛶 11 2.1.3㻌 㐩ᢼ≉༊䛾Ỉ㈨※≧ἣ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 14 2.1.4㻌 ◊✲ᑐ㇟ᆅᴫせ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 15 㻌 2.1.5㻌 ቸἙὶᇦ䜢◊✲ㄪᰝᆅ䛻䛧䛯⌮⏤ 19 2.2㻌 ⌧ᆅㄪᰝ 㻌 㻌 㻌 19 2.3㻌 ᅵᆅ⏝䛸ᆅ⌮ሗ䝅䝇䝔䝮䠄GIS䠅 㻌 㻌 㻌 24 2.4㻌 ᆅୗỈ㔞䛸ᆅୗỈὶື 㻌 㻌 㻌 27 2.5㻌 ᆅୗỈ䛾ண 㻌 㻌 㻌 27 Chapter 3㻌 ⇱ᆅᇦ䛻䛚䛡䜛ᆅୗỈ౫Ꮡ㎰∾ᆅᖏ䛾Ỉ㈨※≧ἣ 㻌 㻌 㻌 29 3.1㻌 䛿䛨䜑䛻 㻌 㻌 㻌 29 3.2㻌 㐩ᢼ≉䠄Dalad䠅䛸◊✲ᑐ㇟ᆅ༊ 㻌 㻌 㻌 31 3.3㻌 ⌧ᆅㄪᰝ 㻌 㻌 㻌 32 3.3.1 ༡㒊ᆅ༊ᆅୗỈㄪᰝ 㻌 㻌 㻌 32 3.3.2 ༡㒊ᆅ༊ᡞศᕸㄪᰝ䛚䜘䜃㎰ᆅㄪᰝ 㻌 㻌 㻌 33 3.3.3 㒊ᆅ༊ᆅୗỈㄪᰝ 㻌 㻌 㻌 33 3.4㻌 ㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ䛸⪃ᐹ 㻌 㻌 㻌 33 3.4.1 ༡㒊ᆅ༊ᆅୗỈㄪᰝ 㻌 㻌 㻌 33 3.4.2 ༡㒊ᆅ༊ᡞศᕸㄪᰝ䛚䜘䜃㎰ᆅㄪᰝ 㻌 㻌 㻌 35 3.4.3 ༡㒊ᆅ༊ᆅୗỈ㔞䛾᥎ᐃ䛸ቑῶ 㻌 㻌 㻌 38 3.4.4 㒊ᆅ༊ᆅୗỈㄪᰝ 㻌 㻌 㻌 39 3.5㻌 䜎䛸䜑 㻌 㻌 㻌 42ii Contents Chapter 4 ᆅୗỈ౫Ꮡ㎰∾ᆅᖏ䛻䛚䛡䜛Ỉ㈨※䛾⌧ἣ䛸ண 㻌 㻌 㻌 45 4.1㻌 䛿䛨䜑䛻 㻌 㻌 㻌 45 4.2㻌 㐩ᢼ≉䠄Dalad䠅䛸◊✲ᑐ㇟ᆅ༊ 㻌 㻌 㻌 46 4.3㻌 ⌧ᆅㄪᰝ 㻌 㻌 㻌 48 4.3.1 ᆅୗỈㄪᰝ 㻌 㻌 㻌 49 4.3.2 ᅵᆅ⏝ㄪᰝ 㻌 㻌 㻌 49 4.4㻌 ㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ 㻌 㻌 㻌 49 4.4.1 ༡㒊ᆅ༊ᆅୗỈㄪᰝ 㻌 㻌 㻌 49 4.4.2 㒊ᆅ༊ᆅୗỈㄪᰝ 㻌 㻌 㻌 53 4.4.3 ㄪᰝᑐ㇟ᆅ༊ᆅୗỈὶື 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 53 4.4.4 ᅵᆅ⏝ㄪᰝ䛚䜘䜃⤫ィ䝕䞊䝍 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 55 4.5㻌 ⪃ᐹ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 60 4.6㻌 䜎䛸䜑 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 62 Chapter 5 ⤖㻌 ㄽ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 65 5.1㻌 㯤Ἑᆅᇦ䛾ᆅୗỈ㈨※䛾ぢ㏻䛧 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 65 5.1㻌 ᚋ䛾◊✲ᒎ㛤 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 66 ㅰ㻌 ㎡ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 67 Summary 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 69 Appendix 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 71 A1 ᆅୗỈ㛵㐃 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 71 㻌 㻌 A1.䠍㻌 ༡㒊ᆅᇦ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 71 㻌 㻌 A1.2㻌 㒊ᆅᇦ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 73 㻌 A2 ᅵᆅ⏝ศᯒ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 77 㻌 A3 㐩ᢼ≉Ẽ㇟䝕䞊䝍ศᯒ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 88 㻌 A3 㐩ᢼ≉⤫ィ䝕䞊䝍ศᯒ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 90
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List of Figures
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㻌 1.1㻌 ༡Ỉㄪ 4 2.1㻌 ෆⵚྂ⮬༊䛾⨨ᅗ 9 2.2㻌 ෆⵚྂ⮬༊䛾⾜ᨻᅗ 㻌 㻌 㻌 10 2.3㻌 ෆⵚྂ⮬༊㐩ᢼ≉యᅗ 12 2.4㻌 㐩ᢼ≉㝆Ỉ㔞 㻌 㻌 㻌 13 2.5㻌 㐩ᢼ≉Ⓨ㔞 㻌 㻌 㻌 13 2.6㻌 ℺₅⏝ᡞ 㻌 㻌 㻌 15 2.7㻌 ᡞ䛾Ữ䜏ୖ䛢 㻌 㻌 㻌 15 2.8㻌 ቸἙ䛾ᪧἙ㐨 㻌 㻌 㻌 16 2.9㻌 ㄪᰝᑐ㇟ᆅ䛾ヲ⣽ཬ䜃ᶆ㧗᩿㠃 㻌 㻌 㻌 17 2.10㻌 ㄪᰝᆅෆ䛾ᕤሙ 㻌 㻌 㻌 18 2.11㻌 GPS 㻌 㻌 㻌 20 2.12㻌 ⌧ᆅㄪᰝ䠄2013䠅 㻌 㻌 㻌 21 2.13㻌 GIS 䛾⤌䜏 㻌 㻌 㻌 25 3.1㻌 ㄪᰝᑐ㇟ᆅ䠄ቸἙὶᇦ䠅 㻌 㻌 㻌 30 3.2㻌 ㄪᰝᑐ㇟ᆅ༊ 㻌 㻌 㻌 32 3.3㻌 ᆅୗỈ䛾ኚື䛸㝆Ỉ㔞 㻌 㻌 㻌 34 3.4㻌 ༡㒊ᡞศᕸ 㻌 㻌 㻌 35 3.5㻌 ᆅୗỈ㠃 㻌 㻌 㻌 36 3.6㻌 EC ศᕸ 㻌 㻌 㻌 36 3.7㻌 pH ศᕸ 㻌 㻌 㻌 37 3.8㻌 㒊ᆅ༊䛻䛚䛡䜛ᆅୗỈ䛾ኚື䛸㝆Ỉ㔞 39 3.9㻌 ᆅୗỈ䛸ὶື䠄4 ᭶䠈6 ᭶䠅 㻌 㻌 㻌 40 3.10㻌 ᆅୗỈ䛸ὶື䠄8 ᭶䠈10 ᭶䠅 41 3.11㻌 ᆅୗỈ䛸ὶື䠄12 ᭶䠈ᖹᆒ䠅 㻌 㻌 㻌 41 4.1㻌 ㄪᰝᑐ㇟ᆅ䠄ቸἙὶᇦ䠅 㻌 㻌 㻌 46 4.2㻌 ㄪᰝᑐ㇟ᆅ༊ 㻌 㻌 㻌 47 4.3㻌 ༡㒊ᆅᇦ䛾ᆅୗỈኚື䛸㝆Ỉ㔞 㻌 㻌 㻌 49 4.4㻌 ༡㒊ᆅᇦ䛾ᆅୗỈ㔞ኚືண 㻌 㻌 㻌 52 4.5㻌 㒊ᆅ༊䛻䛚䛡䜛ᆅୗỈ䛾ኚື䛸㝆Ỉ㔞 㻌 㻌 㻌 54ii Contents 4.6㻌 ᆅୗỈศᕸཬ䜃ὶ䜜 㻌 㻌 㻌 55 4.7㻌 ᅵᆅ⏝≧ἣ䠄2002䠅 㻌 㻌 㻌 57 4.8㻌 ᅵᆅ⏝≧ἣ䠄2006䠅 㻌 㻌 㻌 58 4.9㻌 ᅵᆅ⏝≧ἣ䠄2013䠅 㻌 㻌 㻌 59 A.1㻌 ༡㒊ᆅ༊䛻䛚䛡䜛᥎ᐃᆅୗỈ㔞 㻌 㻌 㻌 71 A.2㻌 ༡㒊ᆅᇦ䛾ᆅୗỈ 㻌 㻌 㻌 72 A.3㻌 㒊ᆅᇦᆅୗỈ 㻌 㻌 㻌 73 A.4㻌 㒊ᆅᇦᆅୗỈ 㻌 㻌 㻌 74 A.5㻌 㒊ᆅᇦᆅୗỈ 㻌 㻌 㻌 74 A.6㻌 㒊ᆅᇦᆅୗỈ 㻌 㻌 㻌 75 A.7㻌 㒊ᆅᇦᆅୗỈ 㻌 㻌 㻌 75 A.8㻌 㒊ᆅᇦ䛾ᆅୗ㔞 㻌 㻌 㻌 76 A.9㻌 㡿ᇦ䛾ᅵᆅ⏝ศᯒ(2000) 㻌 㻌 㻌 78 A.10㻌 㡿ᇦ䛾ᅵᆅ⏝ศᯒ(2007) 㻌 㻌 㻌 79 A.11㻌 㡿ᇦ䛾ᅵᆅ⏝ศᯒ(2009) 㻌 㻌 㻌 80 A.12㻌 ㄪᰝᆅ䛾ᅵᆅ⏝ศᯒ(2000) 㻌 㻌 㻌 81 A.13㻌 ㄪᰝᆅ䛾ᅵᆅ⏝ศᯒ(2002) 㻌 㻌 㻌 82 A.14㻌 ㄪᰝᆅ䛾ᅵᆅ⏝ศᯒ(2006) 㻌 㻌 㻌 83 A.15㻌 ㄪᰝᆅ䛾ᅵᆅ⏝ศᯒ(2007) 㻌 㻌 㻌 84 A.16㻌 ㄪᰝᆅ䛾ᅵᆅ⏝ศᯒ(2009) 㻌 㻌 㻌 85 A.17㻌 ㄪᰝᆅ䛾ᅵᆅ⏝ศᯒ(2013) 㻌 㻌 㻌 86 A.18㻌 㡿ᇦ䛾ᅵᆅ⏝㠃✚ኚ 㻌 㻌 㻌 87 A.19㻌 ㄪᰝᆅᇦ䛾ᅵᆅ⏝㠃✚ኚ 㻌 㻌 㻌 87 A.20㻌 ㄪᰝᆅᆅᇦ䛾㝆Ỉ㔞ኚ 㻌 㻌 㻌 88 A.21㻌 ㄪᰝᆅᆅᇦ䛾Ꮨ⠇ู㝆Ỉ㔞ኚ 㻌 㻌 㻌 89 A.22㻌 ㄪᰝᆅᆅᇦ䛾㝆Ỉ䛾㔞 㻌 㻌 㻌 89 A.23㻌 㐩ᢼ≉䛾ேཱྀ䛸ᆅୗỈ 㻌 㻌 㻌 90 A.24㻌 㐩ᢼ≉䛾ᐙ␆䛸ᆅୗỈ 㻌 㻌 㻌 91 A.25㻌 㐩ᢼ≉ᕤᴗ⏕⏘್䛸ᆅୗỈ 㻌 㻌 㻌 91 A.26㻌 㐩ᢼ≉㎰ᆅ㠃✚䛸ᆅୗỈ 㻌 㻌 㻌 92 A.27㻌 㐩ᢼ≉㎰ᆅ⏕⏘㔞䛸ᆅୗỈ 㻌 㻌 㻌 92
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List of Tables
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1.1㻌 ᅜཬ䜃㻌 㛗Ụ㻘ῚἙ㻘㯤Ἑ㻘ᾏἙὶᇦ䛾୍ேᙜ䛯䜚㻘㠃✚ᙜ䛯䜚Ỉ㔞 5 2.1㻌 ༡㒊ᆅᆅᇦ ᐃᆅⅬヲ⣽ 22 2.2㻌 㒊ᆅᆅᇦ ᐃᆅⅬヲ⣽ 㻌 㻌 㻌 23 3.1㻌 ༡㒊ᆅ༊䛻䛚䛡䜛 pH 䛸 EC 䛾ኚື 㻌 㻌 㻌 34 3.2㻌 ༡㒊ᆅ༊䛻䛚䛡䜛ᆅୗỈ䠈pH䠈EC 䛾ᖹᆒ್䛸ᶆ‽೫ᕪ 34 3.3㻌 㒊ᆅ༊ᖺᖹᆒᆅୗỈ㔞䛸ᖺ㛫㝆Ỉ㔞 38 4.1㻌 S1, S2, S12, S16 ᆅⅬ䛻䛚䛡䜛༡㒊ᆅୗỈ䛾పୗ㔞 50 4.2㻌 ༡㒊ᆅ༊ᖹᆒᆅୗỈ㔞䛸ᖺ㛫㝆Ỉ㔞 50 4.3㻌 ᅵᆅ⏝䛾ኚ 㻌 㻌 㻌 56 4.4㻌 ᆅୗỈ䛸♫⎔ቃせᅉ䛸䛾┦㛵ᛶ 㻌 㻌 㻌 61 4.4㻌 せస≀䛾᪥⏝Ỉ㔞 㻌 㻌 㻌 61 A.1㻌 ⾨ᫍ⏬ീ䝕䞊䝍 㻌 㻌 㻌 77㻌 㻌
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Chapter 1
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ᗎ㻌 ㄽ㻌
㻌 1.1 㻌 ᆅୗỈ◊✲䜈䛾䛝䛳䛛䛡㻌 㻌 ᆅ⌫ୖ䛾Ỉ䛿ῐỈ㻘ỶỈ㻘ᾏỈ㻘䛛䜣Ỉ㻘ሷỈ䛸䛔䛖䜘䛖䛻ศ㢮䛷䛝䜛㻚ᆅ⌫ୖ䛾Ỉ䛾㒊 ศ䛿ᾏỈ䛷䛒䜚㻘ே㛫䛜⏝ྍ⬟䛺Ỉ㈨※䛷䛒䜛ῐỈ䛾ྜ䛿⣙ 㻞㻚㻡䠂䛷䛒䜛㻚ῐỈ䛾 㒊ศ䛿༡䞉ᴟᆅᇦ➼䛾ị䛸䛧䛶Ꮡᅾ䛧䛶䛚䜚㻘ᆅ⌫ୖ䛻Ꮡᅾ䛩䜛Ỉ䛾䛖䛱㻘ᆅୗỈ䜢 ྵ䜑ἙᕝỈ䜔†Ỉ䛸䛧䛶Ꮡᅾ䛩䜛ῐỈ䛿㻘⣙ 㻜㻚㻤䠂䛷䛒䜛㻚䛥䜙䛻㻘䛣䛾⣙ 㻜㻚㻤䠂䛾䜋䛸 䜣䛹䛜ᆅୗỈ䛸䛧䛶Ꮡᅾ䛩䜛䛯䜑㻘ἙᕝỈ䜔†Ỉ䛸䛧䛶Ꮡᅾ䛩䜛㔞䛿㻘ᆅ⌫ୖ䛾Ỉ䛾 ⣙ 㻜㻚㻜㻝䠂䛷䛒䜛㻚䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻ᡃ䚻䛜⏝䛷䛝䜛Ỉ㈨※䛿᭷㝈䛷䛒䜛䛜㻘㐣ཤ 㻡㻜 ᖺ㛫䛷ୡ ⏺䛾Ỉ㟂せ䛿 㻟 ಸ௨ୖ䛻䛺䜚㻘Ỉ㊊䛾ೃ䛿䛔䛯䜛ᡤ䛷ぢ䜙䜜䜛䜘䛖䛻䛺䛳䛯㻚Ỉ㊊ 䛿䚸⌧ᅾୡ⏺䛜┤㠃䛧䛶䛔䜛ၥ㢟䛾୰䛷㻘᭱䜒ゎỴ䜢ᮃ䜎䜜䜛㈨※ၥ㢟䛾 㻝 䛴䛷䛒䜛㻚 Ỉ㈨※䛿ே㛫⏕⏘䛸⏕ά䛻䛸䛳䛶ྍḞ䛺⮬↛㈨※䛷䛒䜛㻚ேཱྀ䛾ቑຍ䛸⤒῭Ⓨᒎ䛻 䜘䛳䛶㻘ୡ⏺Ỉ㈨※㟂せ䛜ቑຍ䛧㻚Ỉ㈨※䛾㔞䛸㉁䛻㛵䜟䜛ၥ㢟䛿ୡ⏺ⓗ䛻῝้䛾ᗘ 䜢ຍ䛘䛴䛴䛒䜚㻘⌧ᅾୡ⏺䛜┤㠃䛧䛶䛔䜛ၥ㢟䛾୰䛷㻘᭱䜒ゎỴ䜢ᮃ䜎䜜䜛㈨※ၥ㢟䛾1 䛴䛷䛒䜛㻚 ୡ⣖䛻ධ䛳䛶䚸Ỉၥ㢟䛿䛥䜙䛻῝้䛥䛜ቑ䛩䛸ᠱᛕ䛥䜜䜛䚹ලయⓗ䛻䛿䚸 ୡ⏺ேཱྀ䜢ᨭ䛘䜛㣗ᩱ⏕⏘䛾䛯䜑䛾Ỉ㟂せ䛾ቑ䛻క䛖Ỉ㊊䜔䚸ᆅୗỈ䛾ᯤῬ䚸Ỉ ᇦ䛻䛚䛡䜛⏕ែ⣔䛾ಖ䚸⪔ᆅ㠃✚ቑ䛾䛯䜑䛾᳃ᯘఆ᥇䛻䜘䜛Ỉ⎔ቃ䛾ᝏ䚸Ỉ ㈨※䛾Ꮨ⠇ⓗ䞉ᆅᇦⓗศᕸ䛾ᆅ⌫つᶍ䛷䛾ኚ䚸Ᏻ䛷Ⰻ㉁䛺㣧ᩱỈ䛾ධᡭᅔ㞴䛺 䛹䛾䚸ᵝ䚻䛺ၥ㢟䛜ᣲ䛢䜙䜜䜛䚹䛣䜜䜙䛿䚸ேཱྀ䛾ᛴ⃭䛺ቑຍ䛸ே㛫άື䛾ᣑ䛜Ⓨ➃ 䛸䛺䛳䛶䚸ᑗ᮶䛻䛚䛡䜛Ỉၥ㢟䛻ᑐ䛩䜛䛝䛺ᠱᛕ䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹Ỉ㈨※䛿⏕ྍ⬟䛺 ㈨※䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䛜㻘㐣ྲྀỈ䛻䜘䛳䛶Ἑᕝ䛜ᖸୖ䛜䜚㻘ୡ⏺ⓗ䛻ᆅୗỈ䜈䛾౫Ꮡ䛜ቑ 䛘䛶䛝䛶䛔䜛㻚ᡞ䜢᥀䜚䛟䜏ୖ䛢䛯ᆅୗỈ䛾ከ䛟䛿㻘㞵䜔㞷䛜ఱ༓ᖺ䜒䛾ṓ᭶䜢䛛䛡䛶 ᆅୗ䛻ᾐ㏱䛧㻘ᒾ▼䛾㝽㛫䛻⁀䜎䛳䛯㝈䜚䛒䜛㈨※䛷䛒䜚㻘䛣䛾ᕧ䛺Ỉ䛾✚䛜㻘ᆅୗ 䛻⁀䜎䜛䜘䜚䜒㏿䛔䝨䞊䝇䛷䛟䜏ୖ䛢䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛㻚㐣ྲྀỈ䛻䜘䛳䛶ᆅୗỈ䛿ᛴ⃭䛻 పୗ䛧㻘䛥䜙䛻ᡞ䛜῝䛟᥀䜙䜜䛶ᆅୗỈ䜢⏝䛧䛶䛔䜛㻚䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺పୗ䛧䛶䛔䜛ᆅୗỈ 䛿䛻㎰ᴗ䛾䛯䜑䛳䛶䛔䜛㻚✐≀㣫ᩱ䜢⏕⏘䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䛿㔞䛾Ỉ䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䜛㻚⤒ ῭Ⓨᒎ䛾䜑䛦䜎䛧䛔୰⳹ேẸඹᅜ䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒እ䛷䛿䛺䛔㻚 ୰ᅜ䛿䚸㻝㻥㻣㻤 ᖺ䛾ᨵ 㠉䞉㛤ᨺ㊰⥺䜈䛾㌿௨㝆䚸ᛴ㏿䛺⤒῭ᡂ㛗䜢㐙䛢䛯䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸䛭䜜䛻క䛖㎰ᴗ䞉ᕤᴗ㻌㻌 ⏕⏘䛾ቑ䜔㒔ᕷ䜈䛾ேཱྀὶධ䛻䜘䛳䛶䚸Ỉ⎔ቃၥ㢟䛜῝้䛧䛶䛔䜛㻚䛘䜀㻘ὥỈ 䛸ෙỈ㻘Ỉ㈨※㊊㻘ᖸ䜀䛴㻘Ἑὶ䛾ᯤῬ㻘Ἑὶ䛾Ỉởᰁ㻘ᆅୗỈ䛾ᣢ⥆ⓗ䛺పୗ➼䛜 䛒䜛㻚㻌 ≉䛻䚸㯤Ἑὶᇦ䛿Ỉ㈨※㊊䛜㢧ⴭ䛷䛒䜛䚹㯤Ἑὶᇦ䛿䚸㝆Ỉ㔞䛜ᑡ䛺䛔䛯䜑 㯤Ἑ䛛䜙䛾ྲྀỈ䛻౫Ꮡ䛧䛶䛔䜛ᆅᇦ䛜ከ䛟䚸䛻㎰ᴗ⏝℺₅⏝Ỉ䛸䛧䛶ከ㔞ྲྀỈ䜢䛧 䛶䛔䜛䚹䛭䛾⤖ᯝ䚸ἙᕝỈ䛜῾ᾏ‴䛻฿㐩䛧䛺䛔䛸䛔䛖᩿ὶ⌧㇟䛜Ⓨ⏕䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹䜎䛯䚸 ᩿ὶ⌧㇟䛻䜘䜛㯤Ἑୗὶᇦ䜈䛾ᆅ⾲Ỉ㔞䛾ⴭ䛧䛔౪⤥పୗ䛿䚸ᆅୗỈ䛾పୗ䜔Ỉ ㉁䛾ᝏ䚸῾ᾏ‴䜈䛾≀㉁㍺㏦㔞䛾ኚ䚸⏕ែ⣔䜈䛾ᙳ㡪䜢䜒䛯䜙䛩䛸䛔䜟䜜䜛䚹㻌 㻌 㻌 ෆⵚྂ⮬༊䛿୰ᅜ䛾㒊䛻⨨䛧㻘㝆Ỉ㔞ศᕸ䛿ᖺᖹᆒ⣙450䡚50 mm䠄ᮾ䛛䜙 す䜈ῶ䠅䛾⇱㻘༙⇱ᆅᖏ䛷䛒䜚㻘ᖺ䛻䜟䛯䜚⇱ᑡ㞵䛷㻘୰ᅜ䛷䛾⏕ែၥ㢟ከⓎ ᆅᇦ䛾୍䛴䛸䜏䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛㻚Ỉ㈨※ၥ㢟䜒㻘ᇦ䛾୍␒ຎ䛧䛶䛔䜛⎔ቃၥ㢟䛾୍䛴䛸 䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛㻚᭱㏆㻘ෆⵚྂ⮬༊䛷ከ䛟䛾᥇᥀ሙ䜔ᕤሙ䛜ḟ䚻䛸ᘓタ䛥䜜䠈ᮾ㒊ᆅᇦ䛷 ᮍ⏝ᆅ䛾㎰ᆅ䛜㐍䜏㻘䛭䛾䛯䜑Ỉ㈨※䛿䛣䜜䜙䛾⏘ᴗ䛻䜟䜜㻘ᆅᇦ䛾⇱䛜 ᙉ䜎䛳䛶䛔䜛㻚௨๓䛛䜙䛒䛳䛯∾ᆅᾘ⁛䛾ໃ䛔䛿㻘䛯䛳䛯ᩘᖺ䛷୍Ẽ䛻㒊䛾ᅜቃ㏆ 䛻䜎䛷ᗈ䛜䛳䛶㻘ෆ䝰䞁䝂䝹䛾㎰ᕤᴗ㛤Ⓨ䛜ே㢮ྐୖ᭱つᶍ䛾ேⅭⓗᖸ䜀䛴䜢ᘬ 䛝㉳䛣䛧䛯䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛㻚 ୰ᅜ䛾ᐙ␆䛾ከ䛟䛿㒊䜔す㒊䠄ෆⵚྂ䠅䛾⇱ᆅ䛻䛚 䛔䛶㞟୰ⓗ䛻㣫⫱䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹ᐙ␆䜢㣫⫱䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䛿✐≀㣫ᩱ䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䜚䚸✐≀ 㣫ᩱ䜢⏕⏘䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䛿㔞䛾Ỉ䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䜛䚹୍⯡ⓗ䛻 㻝䡐䛾✐≀䜢స䜛䛾䛻䚸㻝㻜㻜㻜 䡐䛾Ỉ䜢ᾘ㈝䛩䜛䛸ゝ䜟䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹䛥䜙䛻䚸㐣℺₅䛻䜘䜛Ỉ㈨※䛾ᦆኻ䛿ከ䛷䛒䜚䚸ୡ ⏺㖟⾜䛾ㄪᰝ䛻䜘䜛䛸䚸୰ᅜ㒊䜢ὶ䜜䜛ᾏἙ䚸㯤Ἑ䚸Ἑ䛷ᖺ㛫 㻟㻣㻜 ൨䡐䛜㐣ྲྀỈ 䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛸䛔䛖䚹䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺≧ἣ䛷䚸୰ᅜ䛾ከ䛟䛾ᆅ༊䛷䛿䚸ἙᕝỈ䛺䛹ᆅ⾲㠃Ỉ㈨※ 䛜⏝䛷䛝䛺䛟䛺䜚䚸ᆅୗỈ䜈౫Ꮡ䛧䛶㎰ᴗ䜢⥆䛟䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹ᆅୗỈ䛾పୗၥ㢟䛿 ᅽಽⓗ䛻㎰ᴗ䛜㈇䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹ୡ⏺䛾Ỉ䛾 㻟 ศ䛾 㻞 䛜స≀᱂ᇵ䛻ᅇ䜚䚸Ỉ㟂⤥䛜㐕㏕䛧 䛶䛔䜛≧ែ䛜㧗䛔ᆅᇦ䛺䛹䛿䚸㻥㻜䠂䛻䜒ཬ䜆ሙྜ䛜䛒䜛䚹୰ᅜ᭷ᩘ䛾✐ᆅᖏ䛷䛒䜛 ⳹ᖹཎ䛷䛿䚸ᆅୗỈ䛜 㻝 ᖺ䛒䛯䜚 㻝 䝯䞊䝖䝹௨ୖపୗ䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹㻌 ◊✲ᑐ㇟ᆅ䛷䛒䜛୰ᅜෆⵚྂ⮬༊㐩ᢼ≉䠄㻰㼍㼘㼍㼐䠅䛷䛿㻘⎔ቃຎ䛜㠀ᖖ䛻㢧ⴭ 䛷䛒䜚㻘Ỉ㈨※䛾㊊ၥ㢟䛜῝้䛧䛴䛴䛒䜛㻚୍㒊ᆅᇦ䛷㎰ᆅ䛜ᛴ㏿䛻㐍䜏㻘䛭䛾 ᑐᛂ䛸䛧䛶㠀ྜἲ䛻ᡞ䜢᥀䜚㻘ᆅୗỈ䜢䛟䜏ୖ䛢䛶䛔䜛⌧≧䛜ぢ䜙䜜䛯㻚䛧䛛䛧㻘୍ᐃ䛾 ῝䛥௨ୖ䛾ᆅୗỈ䛿ᚠ⎔䛫䛪㻘100 ᖺ௨ୖ䜢䛛䛡䛶ᾰ㣴䛥䜜䛯ᆅୗỈ䛜୍᪦ᾘኻ䛩 䜜䜀㻘⏕䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿䛺䛔㻚䛣䛾≧ἣ䛜ᘬ䛝⥆䛡䜀㻘Ỉ㊊䛻䜘䜚㎰ᴗ⏕⏘䛾Ṇ䛻䛺䜙 䛦䜛䜢ᚓ䛺䛔䛸ண䛥䜜䜛㻚㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌
1.2 㯤Ἑὶᇦ䜢ᕠ䜛Ỉ㈨※ 3 㻌 1.2 㻌 㯤Ἑὶᇦ䜢ᕠ䜛Ỉ㈨※㻌 㻌 㯤Ἑ䛿㛗 5,464km䠈䛝䛟⺬⾜䛧䛺䛜䜙㟷ᾏ┬䠈⏑⢔┬䠈ᑀኟᅇ᪘⮬༊䠈ෆⵚྂ ⮬༊䠈ᒣす┬䠈㝐す┬䠈Ἑ༡┬䠈ᒣᮾ┬䜢㏻㐣䛧䠈῾ᾏ䜈䛸ὶୗ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊㻌 䛭䛾ὶᇦ 㠃✚䛿745,000km2㻌 䛸䛝䜟䜑䛶䛝䛔䛜䠈䛭䛾ὶᇦ䛾ከ䛟䛜⇱ᆅ䛒䜛䛔䛿༙⇱ᆅ䛷 䛒䜛䛯䜑䠈ᖹᆒᖺ㛫⥲ὶ㔞䛿580㻌 ൨ m3㻌 䛸䛭䛾つᶍ䛛䜙⪃䛘䜛䛸ẚ㍑ⓗᑡ䛺䛔䠊୰ᅜ䜢 ㈏ὶ䛩䜛2 Ἑᕝ䛻䛿㯤Ἑ䛸㛗Ụ䛜䛒䜛䠊䛭䛾୰䛷䜒㯤Ἑ䛿㻘୰ᅜ㒊䛻䛚䛡䜛⏕⥺ 䛸䛔䜟䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛧䛛䛧㻘ேཱྀቑຍ䛸⤒῭Ⓨᒎ䛻క䛔㻘Ỉ㈨※䛾⏝㔞䛜ቑຍ䛧㻘᭷㝈䛷 䛒䜛㯤Ἑ䛾Ỉ㔞䛻㈇ᢸ䜢䛛䛡㻘Ἑᕝ䛾Ỉ䛜ୗὶ䜎䛷ᒆ䛛䛺䛔᩿ὶ⌧㇟䛜ᘬ䛝㉳䛣䛥䜜 䛯䠊1972 ᖺ䛻㻘ᒣᮾ┬䛷 31km 䜒䛾᩿ὶ䛜ほ 䛥䜜䛶௨㝆㻘1972-1998 ᖺ䜎䛷䛾 27 ᖺ㛫 䛷 21 ᅇ䜒䛾ከᩘ䛾᩿ὶ⌧㇟䛜Ⓨ⏕䛧䛯䠊≉䛻䚸90 ᖺ௦䛻䛿䛔䜛䛸᩿ὶ䛿䜋䜌ẖᖺⓎ ⏕䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䛧䛛䜒㻘᩿ὶ䛾ᮇ㛫䛸㊥㞳䛿ᖺ䚻ቑຍ䛧䛶䛚䜚㻘1995 ᖺ䛾᩿ὶ᪥ᩘ䛿 122 ᪥㻘1996 ᖺ䛻䛿 136 ᪥䛷㛗䛥䛿 683km 䛻㐩䛧䛯䠊1997 ᖺ䛻䛿䚸ᒣᮾ┬ὠỈᩥほ ᡤ 䛷୍ᖺ䛻 㻝㻟 ᅇ䛾᩿ὶ䛜Ⓨ⏕䛧㻘ྜィ226 ᪥䛾᩿ὶ᪥ᩘ䜢グ㘓䛧䛯䠊䜎䛯䚸㊥㞳䛿Ἑཱྀ 䛛䜙㛤ᑒᕷᰗᅒཱྀ㝃㏆䜎䛷䛾704km 䛻㐩䛧㻘㯤ἙୗὶᇦἙ㐨䛾㛗䛥䛾 90%䜢༨䜑䛯䠊 㻝㻥㻥㻤 ᖺ䛻䛿ึ䜑䛶㉺ᖺ䛧䛶᩿ὶ䛜Ⓨ⏕䛧䛯䛜㻘䛭䛾ᖺ䛿㯤Ἑ䛾ὶ䛾䜏䛺䜙䛪㻘㯤Ἑ ୰ὶᇦ䛾ྛせ䛺ᨭὶ䠄ỸἙ㻘ఀἙ㻘ỷἙ㻘ựἙ㻘ᘏἙ㻘 Ἑ➼䠅䛷䜒᩿ὶ䛜ほ 䛥䜜䛯䠊 㯤Ἑὶ䛜ὶ䜜䜛୰ᅜす㒊䛾㟷ᾏ┬䛻䛿䛛䛴䛶䠐,䠌䠓䠓䛾†䛜䛒䛳䛯䛜㻘㐣ཤ䠎䠌ᖺ䛷䠎 䠌䠌䠌௨ୖ䛜ᾘ⁛䛧䛯㻚䠄Brown, 2003䠅䠊㻌 㻌 Ỉ䛿⏕䛾※䛷䛒䜚㻘䛛䛡䛜䛘㈨※䛷䛒䜛㻚Ỉ㈨※䛿ே㛫♫䛾⤒῭ⓗⓎᒎ䛸⏕ែ⎔ ቃಖㆤ䛾ྍḞ䛺せ⣲䛷㻘Ỉ㈨※䛜䛺䛡䜜䜀㻘ே㛫♫䛾Ⓨᒎ䛾Ꮡᅾ䛿䛺䛔䛸ゝ䜟䜜 䜛㻚୰ᅜ䛾ᖺ㛫ᖹᆒỈ㈨※㔞䛿28,124 ൨❧᪉䝯䞊䝖䝹䛷䛒䜚㻘䛭䛾୰䛷Ἑᕝᖹᆒᖺ㛫⥲ ὶ㔞䛿27,115 ൨❧᪉䝯䞊䝖䝹䛷㻘ୡ⏺䛾➨ 6 ␒┠䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛㻚䛧䛛䛧㻘୰ᅜ䛾ேᙜ䛯䜚䛾 Ỉ㈨※㔞䛿ᖺ㛫2700m3䛾Ỉ䛧䛛䛺䛔㻘ୡ⏺䛾➨109 ␒┠䛸䛺䜚㻘ୡ⏺䛾ᖹᆒேᙜ䛯䜚Ỉ ㈨※㔞䛾 4 ศ䛾 1 䛷䛒䜛㻚ᅜ㝿ⓗ䛺Ỉ㊊䛾ᐃ⩏䛷䛿㻘1 ே䛒䛯䜚ᖺ㛫⏝㔞䛜 1000 ੑ௨ୗ䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䛜㻘୰ᅜ㒊䛾1 ே䛒䛯䜚䛾ᩘ್䛿䛣䛾 5 ศ䛾 1 䛻䜒ཬ䜀䛺䛔㻚୰ᅜ㻌 㻌 䛾Ỉ㈨※䛾⮬↛ศᕸ䛿㻘༡㒊ከ䛔㒊ᑡ䛺䛟䛶㒊䛾Ỉ㈨※䛾㊊䛿῝้䛧䛶䛔䜛㻚 㛗Ụὶᇦཬ䜃㛗Ụὶᇦ䜘䜚༡㒊ᆅᇦ䛾Ἑᕝὶฟ㔞䛿ᅜ䛾 83%㻘⪔ᆅ㠃✚䛿ᅜ䛾 38%䜢༨䜑㻘䛭䛾୰䛷㻘㛗Ụὶᇦ䛿ᖹᆒᖺ㛫⥲ὶ㔞 9,513 ൨ m3䛷㻘ᅜ䛾 35%,㎰ᆅ㠃 ✚䛿ᅜ䛾 25%䜢༨䜑㻘୍ேᙜ䛯䜚䛸㠃✚ᙜ䛯䜚䛾ᖹᆒỈ㈨※㔞䛿ᅜ䛾ᖹᆒ್䜢㉸ 䛘䛶䛔䜛Ỉ㈨※㇏䛺ᆅᇦ㻚㯤Ἑ㻘ῚἙ㻘ᾏἙཬ䜃㒊ᆅᇦ䛾Ἑᕝὶฟ㔞䛿ᅜ䛾 17%㻘 ⪔ᆅ㠃✚䛿ᅜ䛾62%䜢༨䜑㻘䛭䛾୰䛷㻘㯤Ἑ㻘ῚἙ㻘ᾏἙὶᇦ䛿ᖹᆒᖺ㛫⥲ὶ㔞 1,465 ൨m3䛧䛛䛺䛔㻚ᅜ䛾6%䜢༨䜑䜛䛜䚸㎰ᆅ㠃✚䛿ᅜ䛾 40%䛸䛺䜛㠀ᖖ䛻Ỉ㈨※㊊ ὶᇦ䛷䛒䜛㻔⾲ 1.1㻕㻚୰ᅜ㒊ᆅᇦ䛿Ỉ㈨※ᑡ䛺䛔ୖ䛷㻘Ἑᕝᖺᖹᆒᖺ㛫⥲ὶ㔞䛾ኚ
䜒䛝䛔㻚ᖺ㛫ὶ㔞䛾᭱䛸᭱ᑠᆅ್䛾ྜ䛷༡㒊䛿 2ࠥ4 ಸ㻘㒊䛿 3ࠥ8 ಸ䛸䛺䜛㻚 㯤Ἑὶᇦ䛷㐃⥆ 11 ᖺ䠄19䠎2ࠥ1922䠅ᖹᆒᖺ㛫ὶ㔞䛿ᖹᆒᖺ㛫⥲ὶ㔞䛾⣙ 70%㻘ᾏἙ ὶᇦ䛷㐃⥆ 8 ᖺ䠄1980 䛛䜙 1987䠅ᖹᆒᖺ㛫ὶ㔞䛿ᖹᆒᖺ㛫⥲ὶ㔞䛾⣙ 57%䛧䛛䛺䛔 ᖹᆒᖺ㛫ὶ㔞䛜ᑡ䛺䛔䛣䛸䛜䛒䛳䛯㻚ῚἙὶᇦ䛻䜒ྠᵝ䛾⌧㇟䛜䛒䜛㻚୰ᅜ㒊䛷䛿ᆅ ⌮ⓗ⨨䛸ᆅᙧ䛾ᙳ㡪䛻䜘䜚㻘 ᖏ㝣ᛶᏘ⠇㢼Ẽೃ䜢䛸䛩䜛」㞧䛛䛴ከᵝ䛺Ẽೃ 䛜ᙧᡂ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛㻚7,8 ᭶䛾㝆㞵㔞䛿ᖺ㛫㝆Ỉ㔞䛾 50%䛛䜙 60%䜢༨䜑䛶䛚䜚㻘ከ䛟䛿 㞵䛷䛒䛳䛯䛯䜑Ỉ䛾㈓ⶶ䛿ᅔ㞴䛧㻘⏝ྍ⬟䛺Ỉ㈨※ᑡ䛺䛟䛺䜚㻘Ỉ㊊ၥ㢟䛿⃭䛧 䛶䛔䜛㻚 㻌 ⇱ᆅ䞉༙⇱ᆅ䛾㒊ᆅᇦ䛾♫ⓗ㻘⤒῭ⓗⓎᒎ䜢‶䛯䛩䛯䜑䛻༡㒊䛾Ỉ㈨※䜢 㒊䜈ᑟධ䛩䜛䛺䛹Ỉ㈨※䛾ྜ⌮ⓗ䛺㓄ศ䜢⾜䛖ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛㻚䛭䛧䛶㻘୰ᅜ䛻䛚䛡䜛Ỉ ㈨※䛾᭱㐺㓄ศ䜢䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻⾜䜟䜜䛯䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛿䛂༡Ỉㄪ䠄㛗Ụ➼䛛䜙䛾ᑟỈ䠅䛃 䛷䛒䜛㻚䛂༡Ỉㄪ䛃䛸䛿㻘Ỉ㈨※㔞䛾༡ᆅᇦᕪ䛜䛝䛟␗䛺䜛䛣䛸䜢⏝䛧䛯㻘Ỉ㈨※ 䛾㇏䛛䛺༡㒊䛛䜙㒊䜈Ỉ䜢ᑟධ䛩䜛ィ⏬䛷䛒䜛㻚䛂༡Ỉㄪ䛃䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛿୰ᅜ䛾⳹ 㻘すᆅᇦ䛾Ỉ㈨※㊊䜢ゎỴ䛩䜛ᡓ␎ⓗ䛺ィ⏬䛸䛺䜛㻚䛧䛛䛧䛺䛜䜙㻘䛂༡Ỉㄪ䛃䛿 㛗Ụὶᇦ䛾⏕ែ⣔䛾◚ቯ䛜ᠱᛕ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛㻚㻌 㻌 ༡Ỉㄪ䛿㛗Ụ䛾ୖὶ㻘୰ὶ㻘ୗὶ䛛䜙䛭䜜䛮䜜ྲྀỈ䛧㻘ᮾ⥺㻘୰ኸ⥺㻘す⥺䛾୕䛴Ỉ ㊰䛷すᆅ༊䛸⳹ᆅ༊䛾ྛᆅ䛻㏦Ỉ䛩䜛䠄ᅗ1.1, ༡Ỉㄪᴫせ䚸୰ᅜㄒ䠅㻚㻌 ᕤ䛿3 ᮇ䛻ศ䛡䛶ᐇ䛥䜜䜛䠄⾲ 1.2䠅㻚ᮾ⥺䛿㛗Ụୗὶ䛾Ụ⸽┬ᥭᕞᕷ䜘䜚㛗Ụ䛾㻌 ᅗ1.1 ༡Ỉㄪ
1.2 㯤Ἑὶᇦ䜢ᕠ䜛Ỉ㈨※ 5 㻌 ⾲ 1.1 䠖ᅜཬ䜃 㛗Ụ㻘 ῚἙ㻘㯤Ἑ㻘 ᾏἙὶ ᇦ䛾୍ ே ᙜ䛯䜚 㻘㠃 ✚ ᙜ䛯䜚Ỉ 㔞 ༊ᇦ 㻌 ⥲㠃✚ 䠄 km 2 䠅㻌 ⪔ᆅ㠃✚ 䠄 km 2 䠅㻌 ேཱྀ 䠄൨ ே䠅㻌 ᖹᆒᖺ㛫 ⥲ὶ㔞 䠄൨ m 3 䠅 㻌 ᆅୗỈ 㔞䠄൨ m 3 䠅㻌 Ỉ㈨※㔞 䠄൨ m 3 䠅 㻌 ேᙜ䜚ᖹ ᆒ ᆅ⾲㠃Ỉ 㔞䠄 m 3 㻛 ே䠅㻌 㠃✚ᙜ䛯䜚 ᆅ⾲㠃Ỉ 㔞 䠄m 3 /k m 2 䠅 ேᙜ䜚Ỉ 㔞䠄 m 3 㻛 ே䠅㻌 㠃✚ᙜ䛯䜚 Ỉ㔞 䠄m 3 /k m 2 䠅 㻌 ᅜ 㻌 960.00 95.73 11.43 27115.00 8288.00 28124.00 2372.00 1.26 2460.00 1.31 㛗Ụὶᇦ 㻌 180.00 23.67 3.97 9513.00 2464.00 9614.00 2396.00 1.79 2422.00 1.81 ῚἙὶᇦ 㻌 26.90 11.93 1.45 621.00 393.00 841.00 428.00 0.23 580.00 0.31 㯤Ἑὶᇦ 㻌 75.20 12.20 0.96 580.00 405.00 662.00 604.00 0.21 690.00 0.24 ᾏἙὶᇦ 㻌 31.90 11.27 1.16 264.00 265.00 398.00 228.00 0.10 343.00 0.16
Ỉ䜢ᘬ䛔䛶㻘ிᮺ㐠Ἑ䛸䛭䛾ᖹ⾜䛾Ἑ㐨䜢⏝䛧䛶䝫䞁䝥䛷ᥭỈ䛧䛶᪉䛻㏦Ỉ䛩 䜛㻚䛥䜙䛻ὥἑ†㻘㥪㤿†㻘༡ᅄ†㻘ᮾᖹ†䛸䜒㐃⤖䛧䛶Ỉ㔞ㄪ⠇䜢⾜䛖㻘ᮾᖹ†䜢ฟ䛯ᚋ㻘 Ỉ㊰䛿 2 䛴䛻ศ䛛䜜୍䛴䛿᪉䛻ྥ䛛䛔㻘ᒣ䛾㏆䛻䛶䝖䞁䝛䝹䜢⤒䛶㯤Ἑ䛻ྜ䛧 䛶Ἑ┬䛛䜙ኳὠᕷ䛻䜎䛷฿㐩㻘㛗䛥䛿⣙ 1,150km 䛻䛺䜛㻚㻌 䛭䛾䛖䛱㯤Ἑ䜘䜚༡䛜⣙㻌 660km 䜢༨䜑㻘㯤Ἑ䜘䜚䛜⣙ 490km 䛸䛺䜛㻚䜒䛖୍䛴䛿ᮾ䛻ྥ䛛䛔㻘ᒣᮾ┬㒊䛾ᖹཎ 䜢⤒⏤䛧䛶㻘㟷ᓥᕷ䛸ᒣᮾ༙ᓥ䛾↮ྎᕷ㻘ጾᾏᕷ䜎䛷㐩䛧㛗䛥䛿⣙701km 䛻䛺䜛㻚㻌 㻌 ୰ኸ⥺㛗Ụ୰ὶ䛾ᨭὶ䛷䛒䜛₎Ụ䛾Ụཱྀ䝎䝮䜘䜚ྲྀỈ䛧䛶㻘၈ⓑἙᖹཎ㒊㻘㯤Ὶ ᾏᖹཎ䛾す㒊䜢⤒䛶㻘㒯ᕞᕷす㒊䛾Ꮩ᯽ნ䛷㯤Ἑ䜢ᶓ᩿䛧ୖ䛩䜛㻚⤒㊰䛿అ∵ᒣ䛸 ኴ⾜ᒣᒣ๓ᖹཎ䜢㏻䜚㻘䜎䛯㛗Ụ㻘ῚἙ㻘㯤Ἑ㻘ᾏἙ䜢㉺䛘䜛㻚୰ኸ⥺䛾᭱ึ䛾Ỉ㛛䛿༡㻌 ᕷ䛾㝡ᒴῺ䛷䛒䜛㻚᪂䛧䛟❧యᕪᘧ䛾Ỉ㊰䜢ᘓタ䛧㻘⥺䛿⮬↛ὶୗἲ䜢᥇䜛㻚᭱⤊㻌 ⓗ䛻䛿ிᕷ䛸ኳὠᕷ䜎䛷ఙ䜃㻘㛗䛿⣙ 㻝㻘㻞㻠㻢㻷㼙 䛻䛺䜛㻚䛭䛾䛖䛱㯤Ἑ䜘䜚༡䛜⣙ 462km 䜢༨䜑㻘㯤Ἑ䜘䜚䛜⣙ 774km 䛸䛺䜛㻚㯤Ἑ䜢ᶓ᩿䛩䜛㒊ศ䛿 10km 䛻䛺䜛㻚䜎䛯ኳ ὠᕷෆ䛾Ỉ㊰䛿⣙144km㻚㻌 㻌 す⥺䛿㛗Ụୖὶ䛾㏻ኳἙ䛸ᨭὶ䛾㞞♤Ụ㻘ΏἙୖὶᆅᇦ䛻䛶䝎䝮䜢ᘓタ䛧䛶㻘㛗Ụ 䛸㯤Ἑ䛾ศỈᕊ䞉ᕮ㢦ၻᢼᒣ⬦䠄䝞䝲䞁䝝䝹ᒣ⬦䠅䛻㍺Ỉ䝖䞁䝛䝹䜢᥀䜚㻘㛗Ụୖὶ䛾Ỉ 䜢㯤Ἑୖὶ䛻ᘬ䛟㻚䛣䛾ᕤ䛻䜘䜚㟷ᾏ┬㻘⏑⢔┬㻘ᑀኟᅇ᪘⮬༊㻘ෆ䝰䞁䝂䝹⮬༊㻘 㝐す┬㻘ᒣす┬➼䛾㯤Ἑୖ୰ὶᇦ䛸 Ἑ㛵୰ᖹཎ䛾Ỉ㊊ゎᾘ䛜ぢ㎸䜎䜜䜛㻚䛯䛰䛧㻘 㛗Ụ䛸㯤Ἑ䛾㧗పᕪ䛜 㻤㻜㼙㻌 㻙㻌 㻠㻡㻜㼙 䛒䜚㻘㛗Ụ䛛䜙Ỉ䜢㏦䜛䛯䜑䛻䛿㧗䛥200m ௨ୖ䛾 つᶍ䛾䝎䝮䛛䝫䞁䝥䛻䜘䜛Ỉ䛾Ữ䜏ୖ䛢䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䜚㻘㛗䛥 100km 䛾䝖䞁䝛䝹䜢㛤๐䛧 䛺䛡䜜䜀䛺䜙䛺䛔㻚䜎䛯᩿ᒙᆅᖏ䛻㔜䛺䜛䛯䜑ᆅ㟈䛾༴㝤䛺䛹䜒䛒䜚㻘᭱䜒ᅔ㞴䛺ᕤ䛻 䛺䜛䛣䛸䛜ண䛥䜜䜛䛯䜑㻘⌧ᅾ䜒䜎䛰᳨ウẁ㝵䛷䛒䜛㻚㻌 㻌 ୰ᅜᨻᗓ䛿༡㒊䛻䛒䜛Ỉ㈨※䜢Ỉ㊊䛾㒊䜈䛸㏦䜛༡Ỉㄪ䛸䜘䜀䜜䜛ᨻ⟇䜢㐍 䜑䛶䛔䜛䛜䠈䛭䛾୰䛾ᮾ⥺ᕤ⛬䛷䛿䠈㯤Ἑ䛛䜙㔞ྲྀỈ䜢䛧䛶䛔䜛ᒣᮾ┬䛜ཷ┈ᆅ䛻 䛺䛳䛶䛚䜚䠈す⥺ᕤ⛬䛷䛿┤᥋㯤Ἑୖὶ㒊䛻୰ᅜ༡㒊䛾Ỉ䜢ᑟධ䛩䜛ィ⏬䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔 䜛䠊䛣䛾ィ⏬䛜᥎㐍䛥䜜䜜䜀⌮ⓗ䛻䛿䛣䜜䜙ᆅᇦ䛾Ỉ㊊䛿䛒䜛⛬ᗘゎᾘ䛥䜜䜛䛸᥎ ᐹ䛥䜜䜛䛜䠈䛭䜜䛻䛛䛛䜛䝁䝇䝖䜔⎔ቃ䞉⏕ែ⣔䜈䛾ᙳ㡪䠈ィ⏬⮬య䛾☜ᐇᛶ䛛䜙䠈 ⌧ᐇⓗ䛺ุ᩿䛷䛔䛘䜀䠈㒊䠈≉䛻㒊ᖹཎ䜢ὶ䜜䜛㯤Ἑ୰ὶᇦ㒊䛾Ỉ㈨※㊊䛿 ᙜ㠃ゎᾘ䛫䛪䛻䠈⥅⥆䛩䜛䜒䛾䛸ண䛥䜜䜛䠄ᑠᯘ䠈2012䠅䠊㻌 㻌 㻌 1.3 㻌 ᮏㄽᩥ䛾ᵓᡂ㻌 ᮏㄽᩥ䛷䛿䠈ᮏ❶䜢ྵ䜑䛶 5 䛴䛾❶䛸㘓䜢タ䛡䛶䛔䜛䠊ྛ❶䛾ᴫせ䜢௨ୗ䛻㏙䜉 䜛䠊㻌 ➨ 2 ❶䛷䛿䠈ᮏ◊✲䛾ᑐ㇟ᆅ䛷䛒䜛㐩ᢼ≉䛻䛴䛔䛶㏙䜉䠈䛭䛾ᚋ䠈⌧ᆅㄪᰝ䜔◊ ✲᪉ἲ䛾ᴫせ䛻䛴䛔䛶㏙䜉䜛䠊㻌 ➨3 ❶䛷䛿䠈䛻 2001 ᖺ䛛䜙 2006 ᖺ䛻䛛䛡䛶⾜䜟䜜䛯⌧ᆅㄪᰝ䛾⤖ᯝ䜢ᇶ䛻䠈⇱
1.3 ᮏㄽᩥ䛾ᵓᡂ 7 ᆅᇦ䛻䛚䛡䜛ᆅୗỈ౫Ꮡ㎰∾ᆅᖏ䛾Ỉ㈨※≧ἣ䛻䛴䛔䛶㏙䜉䜛䠊ᮏ❶䛾ෆᐜ䛿䠈ᕮ 㐩᪥ኵ䞉ኳ㇂Ꮥኵ䞉ᖹᯇ◊䞉すኵ䠖⇱ᆅᇦ䛻䛚䛡䜛ᆅୗỈ౫Ꮡ㎰∾ᆅᖏ䛾Ỉ㈨ ※≧ἣ㻙ෆⵚྂ㐩ᢼ≉䛾㻙㻘㻌 ᪥ᮏ㞵Ỉ㈨※䝅䝇䝔䝮Ꮫㄅ㻘㻌19(1), 11-17, 2012㻚㻌 䛸䛧䛶බ⾲䛥䜜䛯䜒䛾䜢ᇶ䛻䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊㻌 ➨4㻌 ❶䛷䛿䠈2013 ᖺ䛻⾜䜟䜜䛯⌧ᆅㄪᰝ䛾⤖ᯝ䜢ຍ䛘䛶䠈ᆅୗỈ౫Ꮡ㎰∾ᆅᖏ䛻䛚 䛡䜛Ỉ㈨※䛾⌧ἣ䛸ண 䛻䛴䛔䛶㏙䜉䜛䠊ᮏ❶䛾ෆᐜ䛿䠈ᕮ㐩᪥ኵ䞉䝯䞁䝗䝞䝲䝹䞉ᖹ ᯇ◊䞉すኵ䞉ྜྷᒣᾈᖹ䠖ᆅୗỈ౫Ꮡ㎰∾ᆅᖏ䛻䛚䛡䜛Ỉ㈨※䛾⌧ἣ䛸ண 㻙ෆⵚ ྂ㐩ᢼ≉䛾㻙㻘㻌 ᪥ᮏ㞵Ỉ㈨※䝅䝇䝔䝮Ꮫㄅ㻘㻌 ᢞ✏୰㻘㻌㻞㻜㻝㻠㻚㻌 䛸䛧䛶බ⾲䛥䜜 䛯䜒䛾䜢ᇶ䛻䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊㻌 䛸䛧䛶බ⾲䛥䜜䛯䜒䛾䜢ᇶ䛻䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊㻌 ➨5㻌 ❶䛷䛿䠈ᮏㄽᩥ䛾䜎䛸䜑䛸ᚋ䛾◊✲ᒎ㛤䜢㏙䜉䜛䠊㻌 ❶䛷䛿䠈CREST 䛾㯤Ἑ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛂㯤Ἑὶᇦ䛾Ỉ⏝䡡⟶⌮䛾㧗ᣢ⥆ᛶ䛃䠄௦⾲ ᴋ⏣ဴஓẶ䠅䜢䝧䞊䝇䛻䠈2001 ᖺ䛛䜙 2006 ᖺ䛾㛫䛻⾜䜟䜜䛶䛝䛯ㄪᰝ䛾ᴫせ䛸⤖ᯝ䜢 ⤂䛩䜛䠊㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩㻌
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[2] Ⲩᮌṇኵ䞉ᳺᮾ୍㑻 (1962)䠖Ỉ⌮Ꮫ₇⩦ୗᕳ䠈᳃ฟ∧䠈pp.307-310䠊
[3] Cao, S., Chen, L. and Yu, X. (2009): Impact of China’s Grain for Green Project on the landscape of vulnerable arid and semi-arid agricultural regions: a case study in northern Shaanxi Province, J. of Applied Ecology, 46, pp.536-543.
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[8] Brown, L. R. (2007): ୰ᅜ䠈Ỉ㊊䛷ᑡ㔞⏕⏘䛻ᡴᧁ䛀 2 䛁䠈Eco- Econo-my-Update2007-6,
http://worldwatch-japan.org/NEWS/ecoeconomyupdate2007-6B.html, 䠄᭱⤊☜ㄆ ᪥: 2014/㻌 10/17䠅䠊
[9] Brown, L. R. (2005): ୰ᅜ䜔䜰䝯䝸䜹䛷ᗈ䜎䜛Ỉ㊊䠈Eco- Economy-Indicators, http://worldwatch-japan.org/NEWS/ecoeconomyupdate2005-4.html, 䠄 ᭱ ⤊ ☜ ㄆ ᪥: 2014/10/ 17䠅䠊 [10] ᮏ㛫ோ(1984)䠖ᶆ‽Ỉ⌮Ꮫ䠈ၿ䠈p.85. [11] ୍䝜℩ಇ᫂䞉ᆤᅜ㡰䞉⋤Ꮫ䞉ᙇ♽㝣䞉⾰➟⪽ྐ (2005)䠖㯤Ἑὶᇦ䛻䛚䛡䜛ᆅ ୗỈ⏝䛾⌧≧ᢕᥱ䛸ᑗ᮶ண ᡭἲ䛾㛤Ⓨ䠈䛄୰ᅜ䛻䛚䛡䜛⎔ቃၥ㢟䛾⌧≧䛅䠈 ឡ▱Ꮫᅜ㝿୰ᅜᏛ◊✲䝉䞁䝍䞊䠈pp.259-266. [12] ▼Ṋᨻ (2008)䠖㯤Ἑὶᇦ䛾ᆅୗỈ◊✲䠈ᆅᏛ㞧ㄅ䠈117(3)䠈pp.661-667䠊 [13] ᑠᯘ⩏ᩥ(2012): ༡Ỉㄪᨻ⟇䛾ㄢ㢟䛸ᒎᮃ, ⚄ᡞዪᏊᏛᩥᏛ㒊⣖せ, 45, pp.47-58. [14] ㏆⸨ᙪ䞉⏣୰㻌 ṇ䞉၈㻌 ᖖ※䞉బಖኵ䞉ᔱ⏣㻌 ⣧䞉Ⱚ㔝༤ᩥ䞉㻌 ᫀ᫂䞉ᙇ㻌 ㌷䞉⬌㻌 䞉㻌 ᑠி䞉㝞㻌 ᘓ⪀䞉ỿ㻌 ᙪಇ (2001)䠖 ୰ᅜ⳹ᖹཎ䛾Ỉၥ㢟䠊 Ỉᩥ䞉Ỉ㈨※Ꮫㄅ䠈10䠈pp.187-192䠊
[15] Ma, J. Z., Wang, X. S. and Edmunds, W. M. (2005): The characteristics of ground-water resources and their changes under the impacts of human activity in the arid Northwest China – a case study of the Shiyang River Basin-, J. Arid En-vironments, 61, pp.277-295.
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Chapter 2
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◊✲᪉ἲ㻌
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㻌 2.1 㻌 ෆⵚྂ㐩ᢼ≉䛻䛴䛔䛶㻌 2.1.1 㻌 ෆⵚྂ⮬༊䛻䛴䛔䛶㻌 㻌 ⮬༊䛸䛿㻘୰ᅜᨻᗓ䛻䜘䜚Ẹ᪘䛻䜘䜛⮬䛜ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛ᆅ༊䛷䛒䜛㻚୰ᅜ䛻䛿㻘 ᗈす䝏䝽䞁᪘⮬༊㻘ᑀኟᅇ᪘⮬༊㻘᪂䜴䜲䜾䝹⮬༊㻘䝏䝧䝑䝖⮬༊㻘䛭䛧䛶ෆ ⵚྂ⮬༊䛾5 䛴䛾⮬༊䛜Ꮡᅾ䛧䛶䛔䜛㻚ෆⵚྂ⮬༊䛿 1947 ᖺ䛾 5 ᭶ 1 ᪥䛻ᡂ ❧䛧㻘5 䛴䛾⮬༊䛾୰䛷᭱䜒᪩䛟ᡂ❧䛧䛯㻚୰ᅜ䛾㒊䛻䛒䜚䚸⦋ 37°32′䡚53°20′㻘ᮾ ⤒䛿97°10′䡚126°04′䛾⠊ᅖ䛻ᮾす䛻⣽㛗䛟୕᪥᭶ᙧ䛻ᗈ䛜䛳䛶䛔䜛䠄ᅗ 2.1䠅㻚ᮾ䛿㯮㻌 ᅗ2.1㻌 ෆⵚྂ⮬༊䛾⨨ᅗ㻌㻌 㱟Ụ䞉ྜྷᯘ䞉㑈ᑀ୕┬䛸㞄᥋䛧㻘༡䛿Ἑ䞉ᒣす䞉㝐す䛾୕┬䛸ᑀኟᅇ᪘⮬༊䛻㞄᥋ 䛧㻘す䛿⏑⢔┬䛻㞄᥋䛧䛶䛔䜛.ᮾす 2400km,༡ 1700km 䛻ཬ䜃,㠃✚䛿 118.3 km㼽 䛷୰ᅜ䛾⥲㠃✚䛾8 ศ䛾 1 䜢༨䜑䜛ᗈ䛺ᆅᇦ䛷䛒䜛㻚䛿䝻䝅䜰䜔䝰䞁䝂䝹ᅜ䛸㞄᥋ 䛧䛶㻘ᅜቃ⥺䛿⣙2100km 䛻ཬ䜆.㻌 ⌧ᅾ䛾⮬༊ෆ䛾⾜ᨻ༊䛿㻘ᾈ≉㻔䝣䝣䝩䝖㻕ᕷ㻘ໟ㢌㻔䝞䜸䝖䜴㻕ᕷ㻘ⅲᾏ䠄䜴䞊䝝䜲䠅 ᕷ㻘㉥ᓠ䠄䝏䞊䝣䞁䠅ᕷ㻘㏻㑈䠄䝖䞁䝸䝱䜸䠅ᕷ㻘㒘ᑣከ᪁㻔䜸䝹䝗䝇㻕ᕷ㻘㈅∞㻔䝣䝹䞁䝧䜲 䝹㻕ᕷ㻘ⅲ㜑ᐹᕸ䠄䜴䝷䞁䝏䝱䝤䠅ᕷ㻘ᕮᙪῇᑣ䠄䝞䜲䞁䝜䞊䝹䠅ᕷ䛾䛴䛾ᕷ㻘⯆Ᏻ䠄䝅䞁䜰 䞁䠅┕㻘㘏ᯘ㒌ີ䠄䝅䝸䞁䝂䝹䠅┕㻘㜿ᢼၿ䠄䜰䝷䝅䝱䞁䠅┕䛾୕䛴䛾┕䛻ศ䛛䜜䛶䛚䜚㻘㤳㒔 䛿ᾈ≉ᕷ䛷䛒䜛䠄ᅗ2.2䠅㻚㻌 ᅗ2.2 ෆⵚྂ⮬༊䛾⾜ᨻᅗ
2.1.2 ෆⵚྂ⮬༊㐩ᢼ≉䛻䛴䛔䛶 11 㻌 ᆅᙧ㻌 ෆ䝰䞁䝂䝹⮬༊య䛿䜋䛸䜣䛹㧗ཎ䛾ᆅᙧ䛷㻘㒊ศ䛾ᆅᇦ䛾ᾏᢤ䛿 1,000 䝯䞊䝖䝹௨ୖ䛷䛒䜛㻚ෆ䝰䞁䝂䝹㧗ཎ䛿㻘୰ᅜ䛾ᅄ䛴䛾㧗ཎ䛾୰䛷␒┠䛻ᗈ 䛔䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛㻚䜋䛛䛻㻘ᒣᆅ䜔ୣ㝠,ᖹཎ,◁₍,Ἑᕝ,†䛺䛹䛾ᆅᙧ䛜䛒䜛. Ẽೃ㻌 ᆅ⌮ⓗ⨨䛸ᆅᙧ䛾ᙳ㡪䛻䜘䜚㻘 ᖏ㝣ᛶ䝰䞁䝇䞊䞁Ẽೃ䜢䛸䛩䜛」㞧ከ ᵝ䛺Ẽೃ䛜ᙧᡂ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛㻚䛿Ẽ 䛜ᛴୖ᪼䛧㻘ᙉ㢼䛜྿䛟ኳẼ䛜ከ䛔䠗ኟ䛿▷䛟䛶ᬮ 䛛䛟㻘㝆㞵㔞䛜㞟୰䛧䛶䛔䜛䠗⛅䛿ᛴ䛻෭䛘㎸䜏㻘㟖ᐖ䜒䛛䛺䜚᪩䜑䛻Ⓨ⏕䛧䛜䛱䛷䛒䜛䠗㻌 䛿㛗䛟䛶ཝᐮ䛷䛒䜚㻘ᐮἼ䛜く᮶䛩䜛ኳẼ䛜ከ䛔㻚ᖺ㛫㝆Ỉ㔞䛿 50―450䡉䡉䛷㻘㟖䛾 㝆䜚䛺䛔ᮇ㛫䛿80―150 ᪥䛷㻘ᖺ㛫䛾᪥↷㛫䛿 2,700 㛫௨ୖ䛷䛒䜛㻚㻌 ேཱྀ䛸Ẹ᪘㻌 ෆ䝰䞁䝂䝹⮬༊䛾ேཱྀ䛿 2,392.4 ே䛷䛒䜚䚸䛭䛾ෆ₎Ẹ᪘䛜 1,880.9 ே䛸య䛾 78.95%䜢༨䜑䜛㻚ḟ䛻ከ䛔䛾䛿 414.4 ே䛜ᒃఫ䛩䜛䝰䞁䝂䝹᪘ 䛸䛺䜚㻘ᑐ䛾 17.40%䜢༨䜑䜛㻚䛭䛾䛻䝎䝣䞊䝹᪘㻘䜶䞂䜵䞁䜻᪘㻘䜸䝻䝏䝵䞁᪘㻘ᅇ᪘㻘‶ ᕞ᪘㻘ᮅ㩭᪘䛺䛹䛾 49 䛾ᑡᩘẸ᪘䛜 95.4 ே䛷䛒䜛㻚㒔ᕷᆅᇦ䛻䛿 1163.6 ே䛜ᒃ ఫ䛧㻘㠀㒔ᕷᆅᇦ䛻䛿1,228.7 ே䛜ᒃఫ䛧䛶䛔䜛㻚䠄ෆⵚྂ⤫ィᖺ㚷䜘䜚䠅㻌 Ỉ㈨※㻌 ෆ䝰䞁䝂䝹⮬༊䛾⌧ᅾ䛾Ỉ㈨※ഛ⥲㔞䛿 509.22 ൨❧᪉䝯䞊䝖䝹䛷㻘䛭 䛾ෆ㻘ᆅ⾲Ỉ㈨※㔞䛿 371.27 ൨❧᪉䝯䞊䝖䝹㻘⥲㔞䛾 72.9䠂㻘ᆅୗỈ㈨※㔞䛿 137.95 ൨❧᪉䝯䞊䝖䝹㻘⥲㔞䛾27.1䠂䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛㻚䠄ෆⵚྂ⤫ィᖺ㚷䜘䜚䠅㻌 ෆⵚྂᆅᇦ䛷䛿㻘ྂ᮶䜘䜚䝰䞁䝂䝹Ẹ᪘䛿㐟∾⏕ά䜢Ⴀ䜏㻘ᗈ䛺ⲡཎ䜢⛣ື䛧䛺䛜 䜙⏕ά䜢䛧䛶䛔䛯㻚1947 ᖺ䛻ෆ䝰䞁䝂䝹⮬༊䛜ᡂ❧䛧㻘䛧䛛䛧㻘1949 ᖺ୰⳹ேẸඹ ᅜ䛾ᡂ❧䛻䜘䜚⤫୍䛥䜜䛯㻚䛭䜜䛻䜘䜚⛣ື䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿ᑡ䛺䛟䛺䜚㻘ᐃఫ⏕ά䜢䛩䜛∾Ẹ䛜 ቑ䛘䛶᮶䛯㻚⌧ᅾ䛿䜋䛸䜣䛹ᐃఫ⏕ά䜢䛧㻘∾␆⏕ά䜢䜔䜑䛶㻘㎰ᴗ䜢䛩䜛∾Ẹ䛜ቑ䛘䛶 䛔䜛䛸䛔䛖㻚⌧ᅾᆅᇦ䛾䛺⏘ᴗ䛿㎰⏘≀㻘␆⏘ᴗຍᕤᴗ㻘䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊ᕤᴗ㻘㔠ᕤᴗ㻘 Ꮫᕤᴗ䛺䛹䛷䛒䜛㻚 ෆⵚྂ䛾ⲡ⏕⎔ቃ䛿ᚤጁ䛺⎔ቃ䝞䝷䞁䝇䛾ୖ䛻ᡂ❧䛧䛶䛚䜚㻘ⲡ⏕ ᮲௳䛾㝈ᗘ䜢㉸䛘䜛㛤Ⓨ䜔ᅵᆅ⏝䛜䛺䛥䜜䜜䜀㻘ᅇ⬟䛺䜎䛷䛻ᅵᆅⲨᗫ䛜 㐍䜣䛷䛧䜎䛖㻚䜎䛯㻘㎰⪔Ẹ᪘䛷䛒䜛₎Ẹ᪘䛾ὶධ䛜㐍䜏㻘ேཱྀቑຍ䛻క䛖㐣䛺␆⏘䛜 㐍䜣䛰䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚◁₍䛜㐍⾜䛧㻘㣗ᩱቑ⏘䛻㞀ᐖ䜢䛝䛯䛧䛶䛔䜛㻚䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺≧ἣ䛿㎰∾ 㘒ᆅᇦ䛻䛚䛔䛶㢧ⴭ䛷䛒䜚㻘ᑗ᮶㉳䛣䜚䛖䜛㣗⣊༴ᶵ䛻ᑐ䛧䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺ᆅᇦ䛾⎔ቃಟ 䛜ᚲせྍḞ䛸䛺䜛㻚䜎䛯㻘᩿ὶ⌧㇟䛜ၥ㢟䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛㯤Ἑ䛾ୖὶ䛿ෆⵚྂ⮬༊ෆ 䜢ὶ䜜䛶䛚䜚㻘䛣䛾ᆅᇦ䛾ຠ⋡ⓗ䛺Ỉ⏝䛜䛣䛾᩿ὶ⌧㇟䜢ゎỴ䛧䛶䛔䛟㘽䛸䛺䜚䛖䜛㻚㻌 㻌 2.1.2 ෆⵚྂ⮬༊㐩ᢼ≉䛻䛴䛔䛶㻌 㻌 㐩ᢼ≉䛿ෆⵚྂἙዓᖹཎᮾ༡㒊䛾㻘㒘ᑣከ᪁ᕷ➃䛻⨨䛧㻘ᮾ⤒ 108°47’䡚 110°58’㻘⦋ 39°47’䡚40°13’䛾⠊ᅖ䛻䛒䜛㻔ᅗ 2.3)㻚ᮾ䛻᱁ᑣ㻘す䛻ᮺ㙠㻘༡䛿㒘 ᑣከ᪁ᕷ༊㻘䛿㯤Ἑ䜢䛿䛥䜣䛷ⅲᢼ≉๓㻘ໟ㢌ᕷ༊䛻᥋䛧䛶䛔䜛㻚ᆅᙧ䛿༡㧗ప㻘 す㧗ᮾప䛷䛒䜚㻘ᾏᢤ⣙1,000䡚1,500m 䛷䛒䜛㻚Ẽ㇟᮲௳䛿ෆ㝣ᛶẼೃ䛷䛒䜚㻘ኟ䛿▷䛟㻌
㻌 ᬬ䛟㻘䛿㛗䛟䛶ᐮ䛔㻚ᖺᖹᆒẼ 䛿6Υ䛷䛒䜚㻘᭱㧗Ẽ 䛜 40.2Υ㻘᭱పẼ 䛜䠉34.5Υ 䛸ᐮᬮ䛾ᕪ䛜ཝ䛧䛔㻚ᖺ㛫㝆Ỉ㔞䛿⣙ 240䡚360mm 䛷䛒䜚㻘㝆㞵䛿᳜≀䛾⏕㛗ᮇ䛷䛒䜛 7䡚9 ᭶䛾 3 䞄᭶㛫䛻㞟୰䛧䠄ᅗ 2.4䠅㻘ᖺ㛫䛾㝆Ỉ㔞䛾 71.2䠂䜢༨䜑䜛㻚䛥䜙䛻Ⓨᩓ㔞 䛿㝆Ỉ㔞䛾⣙ 㻣 ಸ䛾2,200mm䠄ᅗ 2.5䠅䛷䛒䜚㻘㝆㞵䜢㎰ᴗ⏝Ỉ䛸䛧䛶⏝䛩䜛䛾䛿ᅔ㞴 䛷䛒䜛㻚ᖺ㛫䛾᪥↷㛫䛿3,159.4 㛫䛸ศ䛷䛒䜛䛜㻘ᅵተ䛜 10 ᭶䛾୰䞉ୗ᪪䡚㻟 ᭶ᮎ 䜎䛷䛾㛫䛾⣙150 ᪥㛫⤖䛩䜛㻚㻌 㐩ᢼ≉䛾⥲㠃✚䛿 8,200 km2䚸ேཱྀ䛿 32.4 ே䛷䛒䜛㻚ෆ䛿ୣ㝠ᆅᇦ㻘䜽䝤䝏◁ ₍ᆅᇦ㻘㯤ἙἈ✚ᖹཎᆅᇦ䛻ศ䛛䜜䜛㻚ୣ㝠ᆅᇦ⥲㠃✚䛿2,660.4km2䚸ேཱྀ䛿4.4 ே 䛷䛒䜛㻚ᆅᙧ䛾㉳అ䛜䛝䛟㻘㛗ᮇ䛻䜟䛯䛳䛶Ỉᅵὶኻ㻘ᆅ⾲ᅵተὶฟ䛜㉳䛣䜛㻚䛭䛾⤖ᯝ㻘 ᅵᒙཌ䛥䛿10䡚30cm 䛸䛺䜚㻘ᅵᆅ⏕⏘⬟ຊ䛿ప䛔㻚䜽䝤䝏◁₍⥲㠃✚䛿 3,608 km2䚸ே ཱྀ䛿 2.9 ே䛷䛒䜛䚹Ẽೃ䛿⇱䛧䛶䛚䜚㻘᳜⏕䛿䜎䜀䜙䛷䛒䜛䛯䜑㻘᭷ຠⓗ䛺ᅵᆅ⏝ 䛿ኚᅔ㞴䛷䛒䜚㻘పᆅ◁ୣ䜔┅ᆅ䛜せ䛺㎰∾ᴗ䛾⏕⏘ᆅ䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛㻚㯤ἙἈ✚ᖹ ཎ⥲㠃✚䛿1,931.6 km2㻘ேཱྀ䛿20.1 ே䛷䛒䜛㻚㯤ἙἙዓᖹཎᮾ䛻⨨䛧㻘㯤Ἑ➼䛻䜘 䜚ᅵ◁䛜Ἀ✚䛥䜜⫧Ỻ䛺ᖹᆅ䛜ᙧᡂ䛥䜜䛯㻚ෆ䛾せ䛺㣗ᩱ⏕⏘ᆅᇦ䛷䛒䜚㻘ᐩ⿱䛺 ᆅᇦ䛷䜒䛒䜛㻚㻌 ෆ䛻䛿9 䛴䛾㙠㻘1 䛴䛾༊䚸13 䛾ᮧ䛜䛒䜛㻚䛭䛾䛖䛱㎰ᴗேཱྀ䛿 26.2 ே㻘㎰ᮧປാ ຊ䛿 15 ே㻘ேཱྀᐦᗘ䛿 40 ே/ km2䛷䛒䜛㻚⪔ᆅ㠃✚䛿900km2䛷䛒䜚㻘せ㣗ᩱస ≀䛸䛧䛶䛿䛸䛖䜒䜝䛣䛧㻘䝆䝱䜺䜲䝰㻘ᑠ㯏䛺䛹䛷䛒䜚㻘⤒῭స≀䛸䛧䛶䝠䝬䝽䝸㻘⏓⳯㻘Ἔ⣊㻘㔝㻌 ᅗ2.3㻌 㻌 ෆⵚྂ⮬༊㐩ᢼ≉యᅗ
2.1.2 ෆⵚྂ⮬༊㐩ᢼ≉䛻䛴䛔䛶 13 㻌 ⳯➼䛜᱂ᇵ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛㻚ᐙ␆䛿80 㢌㣫⫱䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛㻚㻌 㻌 䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻㻘㎰∾␆⏘ᴗ䛜䛺⏘ᴗ䛷䛒䜛ᆅᇦ䛾ᅵᆅ䛾Ⲩᗫ䛿㻘⌧ᆅ䛾㎰Ẹ䛾⏕ά 䜢⬣䛛䛩䛰䛡䛻䛿␃䜎䜙䛪㻘㣗ᩱ౪⤥䛾ほⅬ䛛䜙ぢ䛶䜒ᅇ㑊䛧䛺䛡䜜䜀䛺䜙䛺䛔ၥ㢟䛷 䛒䜛㻚㻌 㻌 㻌 ᅗ2.4㻌 㐩ᢼ≉㝆Ỉ㔞 㻜 㻡㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻝㻡㻜 㻞㻜㻜 㻞㻡㻜 㻝 㻞 㻟 㻠 㻡 㻢 㻣 㻤 㻥 㻝㻜 㻝㻝 㻝㻞 㝆 Ỉ 㔞 䠄 䡉 䡉 䠅 㻌 㻝㻥㻥㻡 㻝㻥㻥㻢 㻝㻥㻥㻣 㻝㻥㻥㻤 㻝㻥㻥㻥 㻞㻜㻜㻜 㻞㻜㻜㻝 㻞㻜㻜㻞 㻞㻜㻜㻟 㻞㻜㻜㻠 㻞㻜㻜㻡 㻞㻜㻜㻢 㻞㻜㻜㻣 㻞㻜㻜㻤 㻞㻜㻜㻥 㻞㻜㻝㻜 㻞㻜㻝㻝 㻞㻜㻝㻞 ᅗ2.5㻌 㐩ᢼ≉Ⓨ㔞 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 1᭶ 2᭶ 3᭶ 4᭶ 5᭶ 6᭶ 7᭶ 8᭶ 9᭶ 10᭶ 11᭶ 12᭶ Ⓨ 㔞 䠄 䡉 䡉 䠅 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
㻌 2.1.3 㐩ᢼ≉䛾Ỉ㈨※≧ἣ㻌 㻌 㻌 ෆ䛾せ䛺ᆅ⾲Ỉ䛿㻘10 ᨭᕝ䜢ὶ䜜䜛Ỉ䛷䛒䜛㻚ᖺ㛫ྍ⬟⏝Ỉ㔞䛿 1.36 ൨ m3䛷 䛒䜛䛜㻘ᐇ㝿䛾ᖺ㛫ᖹᆒ⏝㔞䛿0.58 ൨ m3䛻䛸䛹䜎䜛㻚䛣䜜䛿⏝䛜ᅔ㞴䛺Ꮨ⠇Ỉ䛜 せ䛺వỈ㔞䛰䛛䜙䛷䛒䜛㻚㻌 㻌 10 ᨭᕝ䛾ྜィὶᇦ㠃✚䛿 10,767km2䛷䛒䜚䚸㐩ᢼ≉ෆ䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿 6,334.5km2 䛷䛒䜛.ୖὶᆅᇦ䛾༡㒊ୣ㝠༊䛷䛿,ὶᇦ㠃✚䛿 3,660.4km2䡚4,610km2䠄㐩ᢼ≉⥲㠃 ✚䛾34.0䠂䡚42.8䠂䠅䛷䛒䜚,ᾏᢤ 1,300䡉䡚1,500䡉䛷䛒䜛.⾲ᅵ䛿,⢏ᚄ䛜 0.05mm ᮍ‶ 䛷䛒䜛⢒◁䛜⣙ 60䠂䜢༨䜑䛶䛚䜚,ᖹᆒ᭷ᶵ㉁ྵ㔞䛿 0.61䠂䛷䛒䜛.୰ὶᆅᇦ䛷䛒䜛䜽 䝥䝏◁₍ᆅᇦ䛷䛿ὶᇦ㠃✚ 4,192.7km2䡚4,608.0km2䠄㐩ᢼ≉⥲㠃✚䛾 39.0䠂䡚 42.8䠂䠅䛷䛒䜚,ᾏᢤ 1,200䡉䡚1,400䡉䛷䛒䜛.ὶື䞉༙ὶື㢼◁ཬ䜃ᅛᐃ◁ᅵ䛷ᵓᡂ䛥 䜜䛶䛚䜚,ᖹᆒ᭷ᶵ㉁ྵ㔞䛿 0.35䠂䛷䛒䜛.ୗὶᆅᇦ䛷䛒䜛㯤ἙἈ✚ᖹཎ༊䛷䛿,ὶᇦ 㠃✚1,963.9 km2䡚2,498.6km2䠄㐩ᢼ≉⥲㠃✚䛾18.2䠂䡚23.2䠂䠅䚸ᾏᢤ 1000m ๓ᚋ 䛷䛒䜛.せᅵ䛿ሁ✚ᅵ,ሷᅵ,䜰䝹䜹䝸ᅵ,‵ⲡᆅᅵ䛷䛒䜚,‵ⲡᆅᅵ䛾ᖹᆒ᭷ᶵ㉁ྵ㔞 䛿0.31䠂䡚1.14䠂䛷䛒䜛.㻌 ᆅୗỈ䛿ὸᒙỈ䛸῝ᒙ⿕ᅽỈ䛷䛒䜚,⥲ྍ⬟᥇᥀㔞䛿 3.15 ൨ m3䛷䛒䜚,ᖺ㛫ᖹᆒ⏝ Ỉ㔞䛿2.97 ൨ m3䛷䛒䜛.䛺ᆅୗỈᾰ㣴※䛿㐩ᢼ≉䛾୰ኸ㒊䛻⨨䛩䜛䜽䝥䝏◁ ₍䛷䛒䜛.㻌 㻌 ᆅୗỈ䛿ὸᒙỈ䛸῝ᒙ⿕ᅽỈ䛷䛒䜚,⥲ྍ⬟᥇᥀㔞䛿 3.15 ൨ m3䛷䛒䜚,ᖺ㛫ᖹᆒ⏝Ỉ 㔞䛿 2.97 ൨ m3䛷䛒䜛.䛺ᆅୗỈᾰ㣴※䛿㐩ᢼ≉䛾୰ኸ㒊䛻⨨䛩䜛䜽䝥䝏◁₍ 䛷䛒䜛. 㻌 ෆⵚྂ⮬༊䛛䜙㐩ᢼ≉䛾Ⓨ㟁ᡤ䛻ศ㓄䛥䜜䛯ྍ⏝Ỉ㔞䛿 0.2 ൨ m3䛷䛒䜛䛜,䛭 䜜䜢 0.14 ൨ m3䜒㉸㐣䛧,0.34 ൨ m3䛾㯤ἙỈ䛜㐩ᢼ≉䛾Ⓨ㟁⏝Ỉ䛸䛧䛶⏝䛥䜜䛶 䛔䜛.㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 [ᩥ᭩䛾ᘬ⏝ᩥ䜔ὀ┠䛩䜉䛝⟠ᡤ䛾せ⣙䜢ධຊ䛧䛶䛟䛰䛥䛔䚹䝔䜻䝇䝖 䝪䝑䜽䝇䛿ᩥ᭩䛾䛹 䛾⨨䛻䜒㓄⨨䛷䛝䜎䛩䚹ᢤ⢋⏝䝔䜻䝇䝖 䝪䝑䜽䝇䛾᭩ᘧ䜢ኚ᭦䛩䜛䛻䛿䚸[ᥥ⏬䝒䞊䝹] 䝍 䝤䜢⏝䛧䜎䛩䚹]
2.1.4 ◊✲ᑐ㇟ᆅᴫせ 15 㻌 2.1.4 ◊✲ᑐ㇟ᆅᴫせ 㻌 ◊✲ᑐ㇟ᆅ䛷䛒䜛㐩 ᢼ≉ቸἙὶᇦ䛿㯤 ἙἈ✚ᖹཎᆅᇦ䛻ヱᙜ 䛧䠈䛭䛾㒊ᆅ༊䛿㯤Ἑ 䛛 䜙 ᑟỈ 䛸 ᆅ ୗ Ỉ 䛾୧ ⪅䜢⏝䛔䛶䠈䜽䝤䝏◁₍ 䛻᥋䛩䜛༡㒊ᆅ༊䛿䜋 䜌ᆅୗỈ䛾䜏䛻౫Ꮡ䛧 䛯ᙧ䛷⪔స䜢⾜䛳䛶䛔䜛㻚 ᑐ㇟ᆅ䛿ᆅୗỈ䛻౫Ꮡ 䛧䛯㎰ᴗ䛷䛒䜚䚸䝫䞁䝥 䜢⏝䛧䛶ᡞ䛛䜙Ỉ䜢 䛟 䜏 ୖ 䛢 䛶 䛔 䜛 䠄 ᅗ 2.6,7䠅䠊ቸἙ䛿䚸㐩ᢼ ≉䜢㈏ὶ䛩䜛 㻝㻜 Ἑ ᕝ䛾䛖䛱䛾䠍䛴䛷䛒䜚㻘୰ 㒊ᇦ䛻⨨䛩䜛Ꮨ⠇Ἑ ᕝ䛷䛒䜛㻚Ἑᕝ䛿༡᪉䛾 䜸䝹䝗䝇㧗ཎ㒊䜢Ỉ※ 䛸䛧㻘ὶ䛩䜛㻚Ἑὶ䛾㛗 䛥䛿ẚ㍑ⓗ▷䛟 34.2km 䛷䛒䜚㻘ᖺ㛫ᖹᆒ⥲ὶ㔞 䛿583 䡉㻟㻘ᖹᆒὶ㔞䛿 0.17䡉3/s㻘ᅵ◁㐠ᦙ㔞䛿 ᖺ㛫 10 䡐䛷䛒䜛㻚ቸ Ἑ䛾Ἑᗋ䛿⊃䛟㻘ὶᇦ㠃 ✚䛿 217.5km2 䛸ᑠὶᇦ䛷䛒䜛㻚ὥỈ䛻Ⓨ⏕䛩䜛ᅵ▼ὶ䛻䜘䜛ᅵ◁䜢㯤Ἑ䛻ሁ✚䛥䛫 䛺䛔䛯䜑䛻㢌㤳ᕤ䜔ேᕤἙᕝ䛜タ䛡䜙䜜㻘ὶᇦෆ䛾పᖹᆅ䛻ᅵ◁䜢ሁ✚䛥䛫䜛Ỉᕤ 䛜䛥䜜䛯㻚䛣䛾䛯䜑䚸ቸἙ䛾ᪧἙ㐨䛻䛿䜋䛸䜣䛹Ỉ䛜ὶ䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔䛾䛜⌧≧䛷䛒 䜛㻔ᅗ 2.8㻕㻕㻚䛣䛾Ỉᕤ䜔༙⇱ᆅᇦ䛸䛔䛖⮬↛᮲௳䛻䜘䜚㻘㐩ᢼ≉䛾䛾Ἑᕝ䛸ྠ ᵝ䛻ᆅ⾲Ỉ䛾☜ಖ䛜㠀ᖖ䛻ᅔ㞴䛺ᆅᇦ䛷䛒䜛㻚䛭䛾䛯䜑㻘䛺㎰ᴗᆅᖏ䛿㯤Ἑ䛾Ỉ䜢 ᑟධ䛧䛶䛔䜛㒊ᆅᇦ䛸䚸ᆅୗỈ䛾Ữ䜏ୖ䛢䛻౫Ꮡ䛧䛶䛔䜛༡㒊ᆅᇦ䛸䛻ศ䛡䜛䛣䛸䛜 䛷䛝䜛䠄ᅗ2.9䠅㻚䛭䛧䛶㎰ᴗᆅᖏ䛾༡㒊䜢ᨭ䛘䛶䛔䜛ᆅୗỈ䛿䚸䛭䛾༡㒊䛻⨨䛩䜛䜽㻌 ᅗ2.6 ℺₅⏝ᡞ㻌 ᅗ2.7 ᡞ䛾Ữ䜏ୖ䛢
㻌 䝥䝏◁₍䛻䜘䛳䛶ᾰ㣴䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛㻚㎰ᴗᆅᖏ䛾༡䛻ᗈ䛜䛳䛶䛔䜛䜽䝥䝏◁₍䛷䛿㻘⏕⏘ ⬟ຊ䛜㠀ᖖ䛻ஈ䛧䛔㻚䛥䜙䛻༡᪉䛻䛿ᶆ㧗1,200m 䜢㉺䛩ୣ㝠ᆅᇦ䛜Ꮡᅾ䛧䛶䛚䜚㻘ᅵተ ຎ䛜῝้䛺ᆅᇦ䛷䛒䜚㻘⏕⏘ᛶ䛿ప䛟䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛㻚䛩䛺䜟䛱㻘㐩ᢼ≉䛾㎰ᴗ⏕⏘䛿㻘 ᑐ㇟ᆅ䜢ྵ䜐㯤Ἑ䜘䜚༡㒊䛾Ἀ✚ᖹཎ䛻౫Ꮡ䛧䛶䛔䜛㻚㻌 䜎䛯㻘2004 ᖺ䛛䜙䛿ᕤᴗศ㔝䛻䛚䛡䜛ᆅୗỈ⏝䛜ቑຍ䛧䛶䛔䜛㻚2004 ᖺ䛻ᑐ㇟ᆅ ෆ䛻ᘓタ䛥䜜䠄ᅗ2.10䠅㻘2005 ᖺ䛛䜙✌ື䜢㛤ጞ䛧䛯〇⸆ᕤሙ䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒㻘ከ㔞䛾ᆅୗỈ ⏝䛜☜ㄆ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛㻚䛭䜜䜖䛘ᆅୗỈ䛾⏝䛾➇ྜ㻘⏝㔞䛾ቑຍ䛻䜘䜚㻘┈䚻䛣䛾ᆅ ᇦ䛷䛿ᆅୗỈ䛾᭷ຠⓗ䛛䛴ຠ⋡ⓗ⏝ཬ䜃Ỉ㉁䛾┘ど䛜ᚲせ䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛㻚㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ᅗ2.8 ቸἙ䛾ᪧἙ㐨㻌 㻌
2.1.4 ◊✲ᑐ㇟ᆅᴫせ 17 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ᅗ2.9㻌 ㄪᰝᑐ㇟ᆅ䛾ヲ⣽ཬ䜃ᶆ㧗᩿㠃㻌
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2.1.5 ቸἙὶᇦ䜢◊✲ㄪᰝᆅ䛻䛧䛯⌮⏤ 19 㻌 2.1.5 ቸἙὶᇦ䜢◊✲ㄪᰝᆅ䛻䛧䛯⌮⏤㻌 㻌 Ỉ㈨※䛾⏝ᑐ㇟䛻䛿㻘㝆㞵㻘ᆅ⾲Ỉ䛺䜙䜃䛻ᆅୗỈ䛜䛒䜛㻚ᵝ䚻䛺ሗ䛛䜙ぢ䜜䜀㻘 ୰ᅜ䛾㒊䛻⨨䛩䜛ෆⵚྂ⮬༊䛾ⲡཎᆅᖏ䠄㐩ᢼ≉䜢ྵ䜐䠅䛷䛿㻘㝆Ỉ㔞䛜ᑡ 䛺䛟㻘Ἑᕝ䛾᩿ὶ䛻䜘䛳䛶㻘㞵䛸ἙᕝỈ䛾⏝䛜ᅔ㞴䛺≧ἣ䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛㻚䛧䛛䛧㻘ᛴ㏿䛻 ⤒῭Ⓨᒎ䜢䛧䛶䛔䜛୰ᅜ䛷䛿㻘㎰∾㖔ᕤᴗ䜢䛣䜜䛛䜙䜒⥔ᣢ㻘ᣑ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻㻘ෆⵚྂ⮬ ༊䛻ᑐ䛩䜛㈇Ⲵ䜒⥆䛡䛶ቑ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜☜ಙ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛㻚㻌 ⚾䛿ෆⵚྂฟ㌟䛷䛒䜚㻘⬤ᙅ䛺⮬↛⎔ቃ䛻䛒䜛ᨾ㒓䛷㻘ᣢ⥆ⓗ㎰ᴗ䜢Ⴀ䜐䛯䜑䛻䛿㻘 Ỉ㈨※䛾ᐇែᢕᥱ䛜㔜せ㡯┠䛾୍䛴䛸⪃䛘䜛㻚䛭䛾୰䛷㻘㐩ᢼ≉䛿ᖺ㛫㝆㞵㔞䛜ᑡ 䛺䛟㻘㝆㞵㔞䜘䜚䜒Ⓨ㔞䛜ከ䛔ᆅᇦ䛷䛒䜚㻘Ỉ㈨※䜢☜ಖ䛩䜛䛾䛜ᐜ᫆䛷䛺䛔㻚䛭䛾ୖ㻘 ㎰ᴗ⏝Ỉ䛻⏝䛧䛶䛔䜛Ỉ㈨※䛾≧ἣ䜢ᢕᥱ䛫䛪↓ㅛ䛺Ỉ⏝䜢⥆䛡䜜䜀㻘Ỉ☜ಖ䛜 ᅔ㞴䛻䛺䜚㻘᭱⤊ⓗ䛻ᣢ⥆ⓗ㎰ᴗ䜢Ⴀ䜐䛾䛿ྍ⬟䛻䛺䜛㻚㎰ᴗ⏝䛜ྍ⬟䛺ᅵᆅ 䛿䜔䛜䛶Ⲩᗫ䛧㻘ᅵተຎ䜢ᘬ䛝㉳䛣䛧◁₍䜈䛸ኚ䛧䛶䛔䛟㻚䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺ែ䛿㜵䛜䛺䛡 䜜䜀䛺䜙䛺䛔㻘䛧䛛䛧㻘㐩ᢼ≉䛷䛿㎰ᆅ䛜ᘬ䛝⥆䛝㐍䜏㻘㎰ᴗ⏝Ỉ䛾ᆅୗỈ౫Ꮡ䛿䜎 䛩䜎䛩ᙉ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛㻚䛭䛾୰䛷㻘◊✲ᑐ㇟ᆅᇦ䛾༡㒊䛿㎰ᆅ䛜୍␒㐍䜣䛷䛔䜛䛸䛣 䜝䛷䛒䜚㻘䛭䛾⤖ᯝ䛸䛧䛶⏕ែ⎔ቃ䛜ຎ䛧㻘Ỉ㈨※䛾㊊䛜῝้䛧㻘ᆅᇦ䛾⇱䛜 ᙉ䜎䛳䛶䛔䜛㻌 㻚㻌 䛭䛣䛷㻘ෆⵚྂᮾ㒊ᆅᇦỈ⎔ቃ䜢ᗈ䛟⪃䛘䜛୰䛷ᮏ◊✲䛷䛿㻘⚾䛾ᨾ㒓୰ᅜෆⵚྂ ⮬༊㐩ᢼ≉䜢ㄪᰝᆅ䛸䛧䛶㑅ᐃ䛧䛯㻚⌧ᆅㄪᰝ䜢㏻䛨䛶㻘㎰Ẹ䛾䛂䛯䛰┠๓䛾䛣䛸䛰 䛡䜢ᛮ䛔㻘ᑗ᮶䛾䛣䛸䜢⪃䛘䛺䛔䛃ศู䛜䛺䛔㛤ቧ䛻䜘䛳䛶Ỉ㈨※䛜㊊䛧䛶䛔䜛⌧≧䜢 ぢ䛶㻘Ỉ⎔ቃ䛾ᑗ᮶䛻䜟䛯䜛ᣢ⥆ⓗ䛺⏝䛻䛴䛔䛶῝้䛻ᝎ䜏⥆䛡䛯㻚䛭䛧䛶㻘ෆⵚྂ ᮾ㒊ᆅᇦỈ㈨※䛾ᣢ⥆ྍ⬟䛺⏝య⣔䛾ᵓ⠏䜢┠ᣦ䛧䛶䛔䛟䛣䛸䛷㻘᭷ຠ䛺᪉ἲ䜢 ᥦ䛧㻘Ỉ㈨※㊊䜔ᵝ䚻䛺⎔ቃၥ㢟䜢ゎỴ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻㡹ᙇ䛳䛶⾜䛝䛯䛔㻚㻌 ⌧ᆅ䛻䛿2001 ᖺ䛛䜙 2006 ᖺ䛻ᐇ䛥䜜䛯 㻯㻾㻱㻿㼀 䛾㯤Ἑ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛂㯤Ἑὶᇦ䛾 Ỉ⏝䡡⟶⌮䛾㧗ᣢ⥆ᛶ䛃䠄௦⾲ᴋ⏣ဴஓẶ䠅䛾⿵ຓ䛻䜘䜚ᚓ䜙䜜䛯䝕䞊䝍䛺䛹㐣ཤ 䛛䜙䛾㈨ᩱ䛜✚䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛒䜚㻘䜎䛯⌧ᆅ䜈䛾䜰䜽䝉䝇䛜Ⰻዲ䛷㻘⌧ᆅ䛷䛾༠ຊ䛜ᚓ䜙 䜜䜛䛸䛔䛳䛯Ⅼ䛛䜙ㄪᰝᆅ䛸䛧䛶㑅ᐃ䛥䜜䛯䛾䛷䛒䜛㻚㻌 㻌 2.2 㻌 ⌧ᆅㄪᰝ㻌 㻌 㻝㻕 ༡㒊ᆅᇦ䛻䛚䛡䜛㐌䠍ᅇᆅୗỈほ 㻌 ᑐ㇟ᆅ䛿㻘㎰ᴗ⏝Ỉ⏝ᙧែ䛛䜙㯤ἙỈ䛾㒊༊ᇦ䛸ᆅୗỈ䛾༡㒊༊ᇦ䛻ู䛷䛝 䜛㻚㎰ᴗᆅᖏ䛷䛒䜛༡㒊༊ᇦ䛻䛚䛡䜛ᆅୗỈ䛾ᐇែ䜢ᢕᥱ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻 㻞㻜㻜㻞 ᖺ 㻥 ᭶䛛䜙 㐌 㻝 ᅇ䛾㛫㝸䛷ᐃᮇ ᐃ䜢㛤ጞ䛧䛯㻚 ᐃ㡯┠䛿ᆅୗỈ㻘pH䠄Horiba 〇 Twin pH B211䠅 ,EC䠄㟁Ẽఏᑟᗘ䠈Horiba 〇 Twin Cond B173䠅䛷䛒䛳䛯㻚䛣䛾ᆅୗỈほ ᆅⅬ㻌
㻌 䛿㻘㎰ᴗ⏝ᡞ䜢⏝䛧䛯ほ ᆅⅬ䛜4 ᆅⅬ䛸䚸᪂䛯䛻ほ ⏝䝟䜲䝥䜢ᇙタ䛧䛯⟠ᡤ䛜 9 ᆅⅬ㻘ィ 13 ᆅⅬ䛷ᵓᡂ䛥䜜䛯㻚䜎䛯㻘2003 ᖺ 9 ᭶䛻ᐃᮇ ᐃᆅⅬ䜢 3 Ⅼ䠄S9,S14,S16䠅 ㏣ຍ䛧㻘ィ 16 ᆅⅬ䛸䛧䛯䠄ᅗ 2-9䠅㻚ୖグ䛾ィ 16 ᆅⅬ䛷ᆅୗỈ䛾ᐃᮇほ 䜢 2005 ᖺ 12 ᭶䜎䛷ᐇ䛧䛯㻚䛥䜙䛻㏣ຍほ 䛸䛧䛶㻘2006 ᖺ 9 ᭶䛛䜙 12 ᭶䜎䛷ྠᵝ䛾ほ 䜢ᐇ䛧 䛯㻚 ᐃᆅⅬ䛾⦋ᗘ㻘⤒ᗘ㻘ᶆ㧗㻘ほ ᑐ㇟≀䛾ᙧ≧䜢⾲2-1 䛻♧䛩㻚㻌 㻞㻕 ༡㒊ᆅᇦ䛻䛚䛡䜛ᡞ୍ᩧほ 㻌 ᆅ ୗ Ỉ䛾 ⏝ 䛜㞟 ୰䛩 䜛 ༡㒊 ༊ ᇦ䛻 䛚䛔䛶 㻘 ᡞศ ᕸཬ 䜃 ᆅୗ Ỉ 䛾ὶ ື ᪉ ྥ㻘pH,EC ศᕸ䜢ᢕᥱ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻⌧ᆅ䜢䛟䜎䛺䛟㋃ᰝ䛧㻘ᆅୗỈ䜢Ữ䜏ୖ䛢䛶䛔䜛ᡞ䛾 ⨨䜢 㻳㻼㻿 䛻䜘䜚グ㘓䛧㻘㻌 ᆅୗỈ㻘pH䠄Horiba 〇 Twin pH B211䠅 ,EC䠄㟁Ẽఏᑟᗘ䠈 Horiba 〇 Twin Cond B173䠅䛾 ᐃ䜢⾜䛳䛯㻚䛣䛾୍ᩧほ 䛿 㻞㻟㻟 ᮏ䛾ᡞ䜢ᑐ㇟䛸䛧 䛶㻘2003 ᖺ䛸 2005 ᖺ 9 ᭶䛻ᐇ䛧䛯䚹㻌 㻟㻕 㒊ᆅᇦ䛻䛚䛡䜛᭶䠍ᅇᆅୗỈほ 㻌 ༡㒊༊ᇦ䛷䛾ㄪᰝ䛾㐍⾜䛻క䛔㻘ୗὶ䛾㒊㎰ᴗᆅᖏ䛛䜙㯤Ἑ䛻䛛䛡䛶䛾ᆅୗỈ ὶື䜢ᢕᥱ䛩䜛ᚲせ䛜⏕䛨䛯䛯䜑䛻㻘㒊༊ᇦෆ䛾➼㧗⥺ୖ䛻 5 ิ㻘14 ᆅⅬ䠄ᅗ 2-9䠅 䛾ほ ᡞ䜢タ䛡㻘᭶1 ᅇ 䛾㛫㝸䛷㻘㻌 ᆅୗỈ㻘pH 䠄 Horiba 〇 Twin pH B211䠅 ,EC䠄㟁Ẽఏᑟᗘ䠈 Horiba 〇 Twin Cond B173䠅 䜢 ᐃ䛧䛯㻚䛣䛾ほ 䛿䚸 2005 ᖺ 4 ᭶䛛䜙 2006 ᖺ 1 ᭶䜎䛷䛾ᮇ㛫䛻ᐇ䛧䛯㻚 ᐃᆅⅬ䛾⦋ᗘ䚸⤒ᗘ䚸 ᶆ㧗䚸ほ ᑐ㇟≀䛾ᙧ≧ 䜢⾲2-2 䛻♧䛩㻚㻌 㻠㻕 ㏣ຍㄪᰝ㻌 ㄪᰝᆅᇦ䛾ᆅୗỈ䛾≧ ἣ䛜⥔ᣢ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛾䛛 䜢☜䛛䜑䜛䛯䜑㻘㏣ຍ⌧ᆅ ㄪᰝ䜢⾜䛳䛯㻚2013 ᖺᗘ 5 ᭶䛻ᅗ㻔2.11㻕䛻♧䛩䜘䛖䛺 GPS(GARMIN,eTrex20J) 䛻䜘䜚๓䛾 ᐃᡞ䛾 ⨨ሗ䜢☜ㄆ䛧䛶༡㒊 16 ⟠ᡤ䠈㒊14 ⟠ᡤ䛾ほ ᅗ2.11 㻌 GPS
4)㏣ຍㄪᰝ 21
䜢୍ᩧ䛻ㄪᰝ䛧䚸ᆅୗỈ䚸pH䚸EC 䜢ィ 䛧䛯㻔ᅗ 2.12㻕䠊䛭䛾ᚋ䠈6 ᭶䛛䜙 12 ᭶䛻䛛 䛡䛶᭶୍ᗘ䛾㢖ᗘ䛷ᆅୗỈ䜢ィ 䛧䛯䠊䛯䛰䛧䠈ㄪᰝ䛻䜘䜚䠈㻡 ᭶䜢㝖䛝䠈ほ
䛿S1䠈S2䠈S12䠈S16䠈N1䠈N3䠈N12䠈N14 䛾 8 Ⅼ䛾䜏䛾ィ 䛸䛺䛳䛯䠊㻌
㻡㻕 Ẽ㇟ほ 㻌 㻌 ㄪᰝᆅෆ䛻タ䛡䛯Ẽ㇟ほ ᡤ䛻䛚䛔䛶㻘2004 ᖺ 4 ᭶䡚2005 ᖺ 12 ᭶䛾ᮇ㛫䛷Ẽ㇟ほ 䜢⾜䛳䛯㻚ほ 㡯┠䛿᪥ู㝆Ỉ㔞䚸᪥ูⓎ㔞䚸Ẽ 䚸ኳẼ䛷䛒䜛㻚㻌 㻌 㻌 ⾲2-1 ༡㒊ᆅᆅᇦ ᐃᆅⅬヲ⣽ ⦋ᗘ㻌 ⤒ᗘ㻌 ᶆ㧗㻔㼙㻕㻌 ᙧ≧㻌 S1 40°18’53”.20 110°06’01”.68 1028 䝟䜲䝥㻌 S2 40°18’28”.20 110°06’38”.05 1033 䝟䜲䝥㻌 S3 40°19’33”.06 110°06’02”.94 1025 䝟䜲䝥㻌 S4 40°19’13”.74 110°06’45”.06 1026 䝟䜲䝥㻌 S5 40°19’06”.90 110°06’59”.09 1027 䝟䜲䝥㻌 S6 40°18’55”.38 110°07’34”.14 1026 ᡞ㻌 S7 40°20’01”.02 110°06’40”.38 1019 䝟䜲䝥㻌 S8 40°20’07”.44 110°06’41”.40 1019 䝟䜲䝥㻌 S9 40°19'48".8 110°07'03".3 1020 䝟䜲䝥㻌 S10 40°19’37”.14 110°07’36”.96 1019 ᡞ㻌 S11 40°19’15”.00 110°08’32”.88 1017 ᡞ㻌 S12 40°20’40”.80 110°05’40”.38 1017 䝟䜲䝥㻌 S13 40°21’10”.20 110°06’43”.80 1012 䝟䜲䝥㻌 S14 40°20'38".7 110°07'38".0 1013 䝟䜲䝥㻌 S15 40°20’17”.28 110°08’27”.18 1010 ᡞ㻌 S16 40°21'34".8 110°08'17".7 1006 ᡞ㻌 㻌
5)Ẽ㇟ほ 23 㻌 㻌 ⾲2-2 㒊ᆅᆅᇦ ᐃᆅⅬヲ⣽ 㻌 ⦋ᗘ㻌 ⤒ᗘ㻌 ᶆ㧗㻔㼙㻕㻌 ᙧ≧㻌 N1 40°22’47”.7 110°08’50”.5 999 ᡞ㻌 N2 40°22’34”.5 110°07’21”.2 1002 ᡞ㻌 N3 40°22’52”.0 110°05’24”.8 1005 ᡞ㻌 N4 40°24’58”.1 110°08’31”.1 999 ᡞ㻌 N5 40°24’07”.9 110°06’36”.2 999 ᡞ㻌 N6 40°24’49”.4 110°05’20”.4 1000 ᡞ㻌 N7 40°26’04”.6 110°06’48”.0 1000 ᡞ㻌 N8 40°26’43”.2 110°05’08”.9 1000 ᡞ㻌 N9 40°27’49”.9 110°08’43”.6 1000 ᡞ㻌 N10 40°27’47”.7 110°06’53”.7 1000 ᡞ㻌 N11 40°27’46”.4 110°05’36”.6 1000 ᡞ㻌 N12 40°29’28”.4 110°09’38”.2 1000 ᡞ㻌 N13 40°29’27”.4 110°06’48”.2 1000 ᡞ㻌 N14 40°29’43”.7 110°05’09”.9 1001 ᡞ㻌
㻌 2.3 ᅵᆅ⏝䛸ᆅ⌮ሗ䝅䝇䝔䝮䠄䠣䠥䠯䠅㻌 㻌 ㏆ᖺ䠈ㄪᰝᑐ㇟ᆅ༊䛜䛒䜛ෆⵚྂ⮬༊䛿⤒῭䛾Ⓨᒎ䛜䜑䛦䜎䛧䛟䠈ከ䛟䛾ᕤሙ䛜 ㄏ⮴䛥䜜䠈ᅵᆅ⏝䛻䜒ኚ䛜ぢ䜙䜜䜛䠊䛣䛣䛷䛿䠈⾨ᫍ⏬ീ䠄2000䠈2002䠈2013 ᖺ䛿 Landsat-7/ETM䠈2006䚸2007䠈2009 ᖺ䛿 Landsat-5/TM䠈䛔䛪䜜䜒 2䠈3䠈4 䝞䞁䝗䠅䛛䜙 esri ♫ ENVI5.0 䜢⏝䛔䛶䝷䝇䝍䞊䝕䞊䝍䜢సᡂ䛧䠈ArcGIS ୖ䛷䝧䜽䝖䝹䛧䛯䠊䛭䛾ᚋ䠈 ⌧ᆅ㋃ᰝ䛾⤖ᯝ䠈ෆⵚྂᖌ⠊Ꮫᡤ᭷䛾ᅵᆅ⏝≧ἣ䝕䞊䝍䠈䛚䜘䜃୍㒊䠈Google Earth䠄2013 ᖺⅬ䠅䛾䝕䞊䝍䜢⏝䛔䛶⿵ṇ䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊䜎䛯䠈⌧ᆅ㋃ᰝ䜢㏻䛨䛶䠈㎰ᆅ䛾 ⏝≧ἣ䠈స≀䛺䛹䛻䛴䛔䛶䜒☜ㄆ䛧䛯䠊㻌 GIS 䛸䛿㻘୍⯡ⓗ䛻䝁䞁䝢䝳䞊䝍ୖ䛻ᆅᅗሗ䜔ᵝ䚻䛺ຍሗ䜢ᣢ䛯䛫㻘సᡂ䞉ಖ Ꮡ䞉⏝䞉⟶⌮䜢⾜䛔㻘ᆅ⌮ሗ䜢ཧ↷䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖䛺⾲♧䞉᳨⣴ᶵ⬟䜢ᣢ䛳䛯䝅䝇䝔䝮䛸ᐃ ⩏䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛㻚ලయⓗ䛻䛿䚸䜎䛪✵㛫䠄ᆅ⌮䠅䛛䜙⮬ศ䛾┠ⓗ䛻ᚲせ䛺ᆅ≀䠄㐨㊰䜔Ἑᕝ㻘 ⏕≀⏕ᜥᇦ䛺䛹䛾≀䜔㇟䠅䛾䜏䜢ᢳฟ䛧㻘䝁䞁䝢䝳䞊䝍䛾ㄆ㆑ྍ⬟䛺䝕䝆䝍䝹䝕䞊䝍 䛻ኚ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䛳䛶㻘䝁䞁䝢䝳䞊䝍ୖ䛷⌧䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛㻚ᐇୡ⏺䛜䝰䝕䝹䛥䜜 䝕䝆䝍䝹䝕䞊䝍䛻䛺䜛䛸㻘㻳㻵㻿 䛾ᵝ䚻䛺ฎ⌮䝒䞊䝹䜢⏝䛧䛶㻘䛭䛾✵㛫䛾ᵝ䚻䛺ഃ㠃䜢 ྍど䛧㻘ㄢ㢟ゎỴ䜔ពᛮỴᐃ䜢ᨭ䛩䜛䝅䝇䝔䝮䛷䛒䜛㻔ᅗ2.13㻕㻚㻌 㻌 GIS 䛾䝕䞊䝍䛿㻘ᆅᅗ⏬㠃ୖ䛾ᅗᙧሗ䠄ᙧ≧䚸⨨䛺䛹䠅䛸䛭䜜䛻㛵㐃䛩䜛ᒓᛶ ሗ䛛䜙ᡂ䜚❧䛳䛶䛚䜚㻘䛝䛟ศ䛡䛶䝷䝇䝍䞊䝕䞊䝍䛸䝧䜽䝍䞊䝕䞊䝍䛜䛒䜛㻚䝷䝇䝍䞊䝕䞊 䝍䛸䛿㻘✵㛫䜢୍ᐃ㛫㝸䛾᱁ᏊⅬ್䜢䛘䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䛳䛶⾲⌧䛩䜛䝷䝇䝍ᙧᘧ䛾䝕䞊䝍䛷 䛒䜛㻚䛻㻘✵୰┿䜔⾨ᫍ⏬ീ➼䛾䝸䝰䞊䝖䝉䞁䝅䞁䜾䛻䜘䜛┿䜔䝉䞁䝃䛷ཷ䛡䝕䝆 䝍䝹䛥䜜䛯⏬ീ䜔㻘䛭䜜䜙䜢䜒䛸䛻సᡂ䛥䜜䛯ᅵᆅ⿕そศ㢮ᅗ䜔᳜⏕ศᕸᅗ㻘䝯䝑䝅䝳 Ẽ㇟䝕䞊䝍䛺䛹䜒䝷䝇䝍䞊䝕䞊䝍䛷䛒䜛㻚୍᪉䝧䜽䝍䞊䝕䞊䝍䛸䛿㻘Ⅼᗙᶆ䛸䛭䜜䛛䜙ᵓᡂ 䛥䜜䜛䝫䝸䝂䞁䠄㠃䠅㻘䝫䜲䞁䝖䠄Ⅼ䠅㻘䝷䜲䞁䠄⥺䠅䛺䛹䛻䜘䛳䛶⾲⌧䛩䜛䝧䜽䝍ᙧᘧ䛾䝕䞊䝍 䛷䛒䜛㻚 㔞䜔ᆅᅗ䛾䝖䝺䞊䝇㻘CAD 䝕䞊䝍䛺䛹䛛䜙䛾ኚ䛻䜘䛳䛶ᚓ䜙䜜䜛䝕䞊䝍䛷䛒 䜛㻚㻌 GIS 䛾䛺ᶵ⬟䛸䛧䛶䛿㻘ᆅᅗ䛾⾲♧ᶵ⬟㻘ᅗᙧ䛾సᡂ䞉⦅㞟ᶵ⬟㻘᳨⣴ᶵ⬟㻘✵㛫ゎ ᯒᶵ⬟㻘㢟ᅗసᡂᶵ⬟㻘༳ๅᶵ⬟䛺䛹䛜䛒䜛㻚䛭䛾䛖䛱ᮏ◊✲䛷䛿㻘ᅗᙧ䛾సᡂ䞉⦅㞟 ᶵ⬟䜢⏝䛔䛯㻚䛣䜜䛿㻘୍⯡ⓗ䛺ᅗᙧసᡂ䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮䛸ྠᵝ䛻㻘ᵝ䚻䛺䝧䜽䝍䞊䝕䞊䝍䜢 䝬䜴䝇䜔䜻䞊䝪䞊䝗䜢⏝䛔䛶ᥥ䛔䛯䜚㻘䝷䝇䝍䞊䝕䞊䝍䜢ྲྀ䜚㎸䜣䛰䜚䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛ᶵ ⬟䛷䛒䜛㻚㻌 䛧䛯䛜䛳䛶㻘◊✲䛷䛿 㻳㻵㻿 䛻䛒䜛ᅗᙧ䛾సᡂ䞉⦅㞟ᶵ⬟䜢⏝䛔䛶⏝䛩䜛⾨ᫍ⏬ീ䜢 ྲྀ䜚㎸䜏㻘䛭䛾ୖ䛻ᅵᆅ⏝䛤䛸䛻䝺䜲䝲䞊䜢⨨䛝㻘ྛ䝺䜲䝲䞊䛷䛿䝧䜽䝍䞊䝕䞊䝍䜢ᥥ䛟 䛣䛸䛻䜘䛳䛶ᅵᆅ䛾⿕そሗ䜢ᢕᥱ䛧䛯㻚䛺䛚㻘⏝䛩䜛GIS 䝋䝣䝖䜴䜵䜰䛸䛧䛶䛿㻘ArcGIS 䜢㑅ᢥ䛧䛯㻚䛭䛾⌮⏤䛿㻘ᵝ䚻䛺ᶵ⬟䜢᭷䛧㻘䛾GIS 䝋䝣䝖䜴䜵䜰䜘䜚䜒ከ䛟䛾ゎᯒ䛜䛷䛝 䜛䛯䜑䛻㑅ᢥ䛧䛯㻚ArcGIS 䛿㻘䜰䝯䝸䜹䜹䝸䝣䜷䝹䝙䜰ᕞ ESRI ♫䛾ᆅ⌮ሗ䝅䝇䝔䝮䛷䛒
2.3 ᅵᆅ⏝䛸ᆅ⌮ሗ䝅䝇䝔䝮䠄䠣䠥䠯䠅 25 䜚㻘ArcView,ArcEditor,ArcInfo 䛛䜙ᡂ䜚❧䛳䛶䛔䜛㻚ᮏ◊✲䛷䛿㻘䛭䛾䛖䛱䛾 ArcView 10 䜢 ⏝䛔䛯㻚㻌 ⾨ᫍ⏬ീ䛻䛿㻘䜰䝯䝸䜹⯟✵Ᏹᐂᒁ䠄NASA䠅䛺䛹䛜ᡴ䛱ୖ䛢䛯ᆅ⌫㈨※ほ ⾨ᫍ䛷 䛒䜛䛂Landsat䛃䛾⏬ീ䜢⏝䛔䛯㻚⏬ീ 㻝 䝅䞊䞁ᙜ䛯䜚 185km×185km 䛸ᗈ⠊ᅖ䛻䜟䛯䜛 Ⅼ㻘1972 ᖺ䛛䜙⌧ᅾ䜎䛷㐃⥆㐠⏝䛥䜜䛶䛚䜚㻘㛫ศゎ⬟䛿 16 ᪥䛷䛒䜛䛯䜑㻘ᅵᆅ⿕そ ≧ἣ䛾ኚ䜢ほ 䛧䜔䛩䛔Ⅼ㻘✵㛫ศゎ⬟䛿 㻟㻜㼙 䛷䛒䜚㻘ྍどග⥺㡿ᇦ䠄0.4䡚0.7μm䠅 䛛䜙㉥እ⥺㡿ᇦ䠄0.7䡚1000μm䠅䛸Ἴ㛗ศゎ⬟䛿㧗䛔䛯䜑㻘≀㉁䜢⣽䛛䛟ศ㢮䛷䛝䜛Ⅼ䜢 ⪃៖䛧㻘ᩘከ䛟䛒䜛⾨ᫍ⏬ീ䛾୰䛛䜙 㻸㼍㼚㼐㼟㼍㼠 ⏬ീ䜢㑅ᐃ䛧䛯㻚㻌 Landsat 䛿㻘ᦚ㍕䛥䜜䛯䝉䞁䝃䛻䜘䛳䛶ᑐ㇟≀䜢ほ 䛧䛶䛔䜛㻚Landsat 1 ྕ䛛䜙 5 ྕ䛻
䛿MSS䠄MultiSpectral Scanner䠅,4 ྕ䛸 5 ྕ䛻䛿 TM䠄Thematic Mapper䠅,7 ྕ䛻䛿 ETM+
䠄Enhanced Thematic Mapper, Plus䠅䛜䛭䜜䛮䜜ᦚ㍕䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛㻚ᦚ㍕䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䝉䞁䝃䛻 䛿㻘ྍどග⥺㡿ᇦ䛛䜙㉥እ⥺㡿ᇦ䜎䛷䛾䛔䛟䛴䛛䛾Ἴ㛗ᖏ䜢ほ 䛩䜛㻚䛣䛾Ἴ㛗ᖏ䛾䛣 䛸䜢䝞䞁䝗䛸䛔䛔,MSS 䛿 4 䛴䛾䝞䞁䝗㻘TM 䛿 7 䛴䛾䝞䞁䝗㻘ETM+䛿 8 䛴䛾䝞䞁䝗䛷ᆅ⾲ 㠃䜢ほ 䛩䜛㻚㻌
⾨ᫍ⏬ീ䛿㻘┠ⓗ䛻ྜ䜟䛫䛶⏬ീ䜢ኚ䛧䛶⾲♧䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛㻚䛣䛾䛖䛱㻘⾨ᫍ⏬ ീゎᯒ䜢㐍䜑䛶䛔䛟ୖ䛷䛿㻘㻭㼞㼏㻳㻵㻿 䜢⏝䛔䛶䜹䝷䞊ྜᡂ⏬ീ䜢సᡂ䛩䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛㻚䜹 䝷䞊ྜᡂ⏬ീ䛸䛿㻘⾨ᫍ⏬ീ䛾䝞䞁䝗⏬ീ䛛䜙 3 䛴䜢㑅ᢥ䛧㻘㉥䠄R䠅㻘⥳䠄G䠅㻘㟷䠄B䠅䛾୕ ཎⰍ䛻䜚ᙜ䛶䛶సᡂ䛧䛯⏬ീ䛷䛒䜛㻚䝞䞁䝗䛾㑅ᢥ䛻䜘䛳䛶㻘ุㄞ䛾䛧䜔䛩䛥䛜␗䛺䜛㻘 ᵝ䚻䛺䜹䝷䞊ྜᡂ⏬ീ䛜䛷䛝䜛㻚䛺䜹䝷䞊ྜᡂ⏬ീ䛾స䜚᪉䛸䛭䛾≉ᚩ䛿⾲ 2-3 䛻♧ 䛩䛸䛚䜚䛷䛒䜛㻚ᮏ◊✲䛷䛿㻘䛻᳜⏕≧ἣ䜢ᢕᥱ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻㻘᳜⏕䜔ᆅᙧ䛾ุㄞ䛻䜘䛟 ⏝䛔䜙䜜䜛2䠈3䠈4 䝞䞁䝗䜢㑅䜣䛷䜹䝷䞊ྜᡂ⏬ീ䜢సᡂ䛧䛯㻚ᮏ◊✲䛷䛿䚸䛻㎰స≀ ≧ἣ䜢ᢕᥱ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻㻘᳜⏕䜔ᆅᙧ䛾ุㄞ䛻䜘䛟⏝䛔䜙䜜䜛䝣䜷䞊䝹䝇䜹䝷䞊⏬ീ䜢స ᡂ䛧䛯䚹䝣䜷䞊䝹䝇䜹䝷䞊⏬ീ䛿㻘┠ど䛸䛿␗䛺䜛䛯䜑㻘⾨ᫍ⏬ീゎᯒ䛾㝿䛻䛿2013 ᖺ 5 ᭶䛻⾜䜟䜜䛯⌧ᆅㄪᰝ䝕䞊䝍䜢ཧ↷䛧䛯㻚㻌 㻌 ⾲ 㻞㻙㻟㻌 㻌 䜹䝷䞊ྜᡂ⏬ീ䛾స䜚᪉䛸≉ᚩ㻌 䝖䜳䝹䞊䜹䝷䞊⏬ീ㻌 Landsat _TM: R:3 G:2 B:1 Landsat _MSS: --- Landsat _ETM: R:3 G:2 B:1 㻌 ⫗║䛷ぢ䛯ሙྜ䛾ᆅୖ䛾⏬ീ䛜ᚓ 䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛㻚䛧䛛䛧㻘㏆㉥እ䛾ሗ 䛜ྵ䜎䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔䛯䜑㻘᳜⏕䛾ุㄞ 䛻䛿ྥ䛝䛒䜚㻘⫼ᬒሗ䛸䛧䛶䛾 ⏝䛜᭷ຠ䛷䛒䜛㻚㻌 䝘䝏䝳䝷䝹䜹䝷䞊⏬ീ Landsat _TM: R:5 G:4㻌 B:2 Landsat _MSS: R:4 G:3 B:2 Landsat _ETM: R:3 G:4 B:2 ᳃ᯘ䛜⥳㻘㎰స≀䛾䛒䜛⏣⏿䜔ⲡ ᆅ䛺䛹䛜㯤〓Ⰽ㻘ᕷ⾤ᆅ䜔Ỉᇦ䛿 㟷䛟㻘 〄ᆅ䛿ⓑ䛟⾲⌧䛥䜜䜛㻚䜎䛯㻘 䝣䜷䞊䝹䝇䜹䝷䞊⏬ീ䜘䜚䜒⫗║䛷 ぢ䜛Ⰽ䛻㏆䛔䛜㻘 ุㄞ䛾䛧᫆䛥䛿 䛷㻘 䝣䜷䞊䝹䝇䜹䝷䞊⏬ീ䛻ຎ䜛㻚㻌 䝣䜷䞊䝹䝇䜹䝷䞊⏬ീ㻌 Landsat _TM: R:5 G:4 B:2 Landsat _MSS: R:4 G:3 B:2 Landsat _ETM: R:3 G:4 B:2 ᳃ᯘ䛜㉥㻘㎰స≀䛾䛒䜛⏣⏿䜔ⲡ ᆅ䛺䛹䛜㯤〓Ⰽ㻘ᕷ⾤ᆅ䜔Ỉᇦ䛿 㟷䛟㻘㻌 〄ᆅ䛿ⓑ䛟⾲⌧䛥䜜䜛㻚᳜≀䛸 䛭䜜௨እ䛾せ⣲ീ䛜༊ู䛧䜔䛩䛔 䛾䛷㻘᳜≀䜔ᆅᙧ䛾ุㄞ䛻䜘䛟⏝䛔 䜙䜜䜛㻚㻌 䝅䝳䞊䝗䜹䝷䞊⏬ീ㻌 㻌 ୍䛴䛾䝞䞁䝗䛰䛡䛷స䜙䜜䜛⏬ീ㻌 NDVI 䛾⤖ᯝ䜔⇕䠄 ᗘ䠅ศᕸ䜢ぢ 䜛㝿䛻⏝䛩䜛. 䈜NDVI 䛸䛿㻘᳜⏕䛾ከᑡ䞉άᛶᗘ 䜢♧䛩ᣦᶆ䛷䛒䜛㻌
2.4 ᆅୗỈ㔞䛸ᆅୗỈὶື 27 㻌 2.4 㻌 ᆅୗỈ㔞䛸ᆅୗỈὶື㻌 㻌 ᑐ㇟ὶᆅᇦ䛾䜘䛖䛺ᑠつᶍ䛾ᆅᇦ䛾Ỉ⏝㔞䛻㛵䛩䜛㈨ᩱ䛿⌧ᆅ䛻䛿Ꮡᅾ䛧䛺䛔㻚 䛭䛾䛯䜑ᑐ㇟ᆅᇦ䛾Ỉ⏝㔞䛿ᴫ⟬䛧䛺䛡䜜䜀䛺䜙䛺䛔㻚⪺䛝ྲྀ䜚ㄪᰝ䛻䜘䜜䜀䠈༡㒊 ᆅ༊䛷䛿ᅽᖏỈᒙ䛛䜙䛾ᥭỈ䛜䛷䠈⿕ᅽᖏỈᒙ䛿䛒䜎䜚⏝䛥䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔䠊䛣䛣䛷 䛿༡㒊ᆅ༊ ᐃᆅⅬ䛻ᅖ䜎䜜䛯㡿ᇦෆ䛾ᅽᖏỈᒙ䛻ྵ䜎䜜䜛ᆅୗỈ㔞䜢 㻞㻜㻜㻟 ᖺ 䛛䜙2006 ᖺ䜎䛷㻘2013 ᖺᗘ 5 ᭶䛾ᆅୗỈ䝕䞊䝍䛸 2003 ᖺᗘ䛻ィ 䛧䛯㏱Ỉᒙ䜎 䛷䛾῝ᗘ䜢ᇶ䛻 㻟㻜㻌 ᥎ᐃ䛧䛯䠊䛺䛚䠈᪤Ꮡᡞ⏝䛾 ᐃᆅⅬ➼䛻䛚䛡䜛㏱Ỉᒙ䜎 䛷䛾῝ᗘ䛚䜘䜃Ḟ 䛧䛶䛔䜛ᆅୗỈ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿࿘ᅖ䛾 ᐃⅬ䛾್䛛䜙ෆᤄ䛧䛯䠊ᆅ ୗỈ㔞䛾᥎ᐃ᪉ἲ䛿 ᐃᆅⅬ 16 ⟠ᡤ䜢⧅䛞䠈୕ゅᙧ⥙䜢సᡂ䛧䛯ᚋ䠈ḟᘧ䜢⏝䛔 䛯䠊㻌
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n k k k k h z A V 1 O (1) 䛯䛰䛧䠈V 䛿㡿ᇦෆ䛾ᆅୗỈ㔞䠈A 䛿୕ゅᙧせ⣲䛾㠃✚䠈h㻌 䛿せ⣲ෆ䛾ᆅୗỈ㠃䛾 ᖹᆒᶆ㧗䠈㻌z㻌 䛿せ⣲ෆ䛾㏱Ỉᒙ㠃䛾ᖹᆒᶆ㧗䠈λ 䛿㛫㝽⋡䠈n 䛿せ⣲ᩘ㻔㻩21㻕䛷䛒 䜛䠊䛺䛚䠈㛫㝽⋡䛿S17 ᆅⅬ䛻䛚䛡䜛 2.5m ῝䛾ᅵተ䛾⇱ᐦ 40㻌 ᗘ䛸ᅵ⢏Ꮚᐦᗘ䛛䜙 ⟬ฟ䛧䛯䠊 2002㻌 ᖺ䛛䜙 2006 ᖺ䜎䛷䛾ㄪᰝ䛛䜙ᚎ䚻䛻ᆅୗỈ䛜పୗ䛧䛶䛔䜛ഴྥ䛜 ぢ䜙䜜䛶䛔䛯䛜䠈5㻌 ᭶䛾䜏䛾⤖ᯝ䛷䛿䛒䜛䜒䛾䛾ᮏᖺᗘ䛾ㄪᰝ䛷䛭䛾ഴྥ䛜⥅⥆䛥䜜 䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜᫂䜙䛛䛸䛺䛳䛯䠊䛣䛾䛣䛸䛿⪺䛝ྲྀ䜚ㄪᰝ䛻䜘䛳䛶䜒☜ㄆ䛥䜜䛶䛚䜚䠈୍ⓗ 䛺ၥ㢟䛷䛿䛺䛔䜒䛾䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛㻚㻌 㻌 2013 ᖺᗘ 5 ᭶䛻༡㒊 16 ⟠ᡤ䠈㒊 14 ⟠ᡤ䛾ほ 䜢୍ᩧ䛻ㄪᰝ䛧䠈ᆅୗỈ䜢 ィ 䛧䛯䠊䛭䛾ᚋ䠈㻢 ᭶䛛䜙12 ᭶䛻䛛䛡䛶᭶୍ᗘ䛾㢖ᗘ䛷ᆅୗỈ䜢ィ 䛧䛯䠊䛯䛰䛧䠈 ㄪᰝ䛻䜘䜚䠈5 ᭶䜢㝖䛝䠈ほ 䛿 S1䠈S2䠈S12䠈S16䠈N1䠈N3䠈N12䠈N14 䛾 8 Ⅼ䛾 䜏䛾ィ 䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹2013 ᖺᗘ䛿ᐇ 䛧䛶䛔䜛 㻠 ⟠ᡤ䛾 5 ᭶䛛䜙 12 ᭶䜎䛷䛾ほ 䛾್ 䜢ᇶ䛻ྠᵝ䛾⟬ฟ䜢⾜䛳䛯䚹䛧䛛䛧䠈ほ 䛾ᩘ䛜␗䛺䜛䛣䛸䛛䜙2003 ᖺ䛛䜙 2006 ᖺ䜎 䛷䛾᥎ᐃ್䛸䛾ẚ㍑䛜ᅔ㞴䛸䛺䜛䛯䜑䠈䛣䛣䛷䛿䠈2003 ᖺ䛛䜙 2006 ᖺ䛻䛴䛔䛶䜒 2013 ᖺᗘ䛸ྠ䛨4 ⟠ᡤ䛾䜏䛷ᗘ䠈༡㒊༊ᇦ䛻䛚䛡䜛ᅽᆅୗỈ㔞䜢⟬ฟ䛧䛯䚹㻌 㻌 2.5 㻌 ᆅୗỈ䛾ண 㻌 㻌 ⌧ᆅㄪᰝ䛸ྛ䝕䞊䝍䛾ゎᯒ䛻䜘䛳䛶㻘ྛほ 䛻䛚䛡䜛ᆅୗỈ㻘ᆅୗỈὶື㻘ᅽᆅ ୗỈ㔞䛾⌧≧䜢ヲ⣽䛻ᢕᥱ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛯㻚᭦䛺䜛ᆅୗỈ䛾⌧≧ศᯒ䜢ᇶ䛻㻘ᑗ᮶䛾 ᆅୗỈືྥ䛻䛴䛔䛶ண 䛧㻘᫂䜙䛛䛻䛩䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛䛸⪃䛘䜛㻚᥎ᐃ䛥䜜䛯ᆅୗỈ㔞䛿 ℺₅ᮇ䛾⤊䜟䜛 9 ᭶௨㝆䛻ᅇ䛩䜛ഴྥ䛜ぢ䜙䜜䜛䛯䜑䠈䛣䛣䛷䛿䠈⤫ィ䝋䝣䝖
䛿ᣦᩘᖹἲ䛾୍✀䛷䛒䜚䠈Ꮨ⠇ᛶ䜢᭷䛧䛯⣔ิ䛾▷ᮇண 䛻㐺䛧䛯ᡭἲ䛸䛔䜟 䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛿䛨䜑䛻䠈2002 ᖺ 9 ᭶䛛䜙 2005 ᖺ 12 ᭶䜎䛷䛾ᆅୗỈ㔞䜢⏝䛔䛶䠈2006 ᖺ 12 ᭶䜎䛷䛾ண 䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊䛯䛰䛧䠈ண ್䛿䝴䝙䞊䜽䛺䜒䛾䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈ฟ⌧☜⋡ẖ䛻ண ್䛾⠊ᅖ䛸䛧䛶Ỵ䜎䜛䛯䜑䠈௨ୗ䛷䛿䛭䛾୰ኸ್䜢⏝䛔䜛䜒䛾䛸䛩䜛䠊䛣䛾ண 䜢䠈 2006 ᖺ 9 ᭶䛛䜙 12 ᭶䛾ᮇ㛫䛻䛚䛔䛶ᐇ ᆅୗỈ䠄4 ᆅⅬ䠅䛻䜘䜛ᆅୗỈ㔞᥎ᐃ್䛸 ẚ㍑䛧䛯䛸䛣䜝䠈ண ್䛿ⱝᖸ㐣䛻ῶᑡഴྥ䜢♧䛧䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜ศ䛛䜛䠊⥆䛔䛶䠈 2006 ᖺ 1 ᭶䛛䜙 8 ᭶䜎䛷䛾ᆅୗỈ㔞᥎ᐃ್䛻ඛ䛻ồ䜑䛯ண ್䜢ᤄධ䛧䠈2003 ᖺ 10 ᭶䛛䜙2006 ᖺ 12 ᭶䛾ᆅୗỈ㔞᥎ᐃ್䜢⏝䛔䛶䠈2007 ᖺ 1 ᭶௨㝆 2013 ᖺ 4 ᭶䜎䛷Ḟ ᮇ㛫䜢ྵ䜐2007 ᖺ 1 ᭶䛛䜙 2013 ᖺ 12 ᭶䜎䛷䛾ண 䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊㻌 㻌
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Chapter 3
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⇱ᆅᇦ䛻䛚䛡䜛ᆅୗỈ౫Ꮡ㎰∾ᆅᖏ䛾Ỉ㈨※≧ἣ㻌
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3.1 䛿䛨䜑䛻㻌 ⇱ᆅᇦ䛒䜛䛔䛿༙⇱ᆅᇦ䛸䛿ᴫ䛽ᖺ㛫㝆Ỉ㔞䛜500mm 䜢㉺䛘䛪䠈ᖺ㛫㝆Ỉ㔞䜢ᖺⓎᩓ㔞䛷㝖䛧䛯⇱ᗘᣦᩘ䠄Aridity index, AI䠅䛜 0.5 䜢ୗᅇ䜛ᆅᇦ䛷䛒䜚䠄UNEP, 1992䠅䠈୍ぢ䛩䜛䛸㎰ᴗ䛜ᐜ᫆䛺ᆅᇦ䛸䛿ᛮ䜟䜜䛻䛟䛔䛜䠈✀Ꮚస≀㎰⪔䛻㛵䛧䛶䛔䛘 䜀䠈ᴟᗘ䛾⇱ᆅ䛷䛺䛡䜜䜀䜐䛧䜝‵₶ᆅᇦ䜘䜚䜒㐺䛧䛯⎔ቃ䜢䜒䛳䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜ከ䛔䠊 䛣䜜䛿䠈㞵Ꮨ䛻⏕⫱䞉✭䛧䛯✀Ꮚ䛿⇱䛻ᙉ䛔ᛶ㉁䜢᭷䛧䠈Ꮨ䛾㣗ᩱ䛸䛺䜛䛸䛸䜒 䛻䠈䜃᮶䜛㞵Ꮨ䜎䛷ಖᏑ䛥䜜䜛䛸䛔䛖䝃䜲䜽䝹䛜䛣䜜䜙ᆅᇦ䛾Ẽೃ䛻㐺ᛂ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸 䛻㉳ᅉ䛩䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈᪥ᑕ㔞䛾ከ䛥䜒⌮⏤䛾୍䛴䛸䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊㎰ᴗ䛾ᙧែ䛻㛵䛧䛶䛔䛘 䜀䠈Ἑᕝ࿘ᅖ䛻ᙧᡂ䛥䜜䜛ỏ℃ཎ䜢୰ᚰ䛸䛧䛶⾜䜟䜜䜛℺₅㎰ᴗ䛸㞵Ꮨ䛾ኳỈ䜢⏝ 䛩䜛ỏ℃ཎእ䛾㎰ᴗ䛸䛔䛖䛴䛾㎰ᴗᙧែ䛜ేᏑ䛧䠈∾␆䛻㛵䛧䛶䛿䠈㞵Ꮨ䛿ỏ℃ཎ 䜘䜚እ䠈Ꮨ䛻ỏ℃ཎ䛻ᡠ䜛䛸䛔䛖Ꮨ⠇ⓗ⛣∾䛜ྍ⬟䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䛸䛔䛖䛾䛜䛣䜜䜙䛾ᆅ ᇦ䛾≉ᚩ䛷䛒䜛䛸䛔䛘䜛䠄ᔱ⏣䠈2005䠅䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈Ṕྐⓗ䛻䜒䛝䛺㣗ᩱ⏕⏘ᣐⅬ䛷䛒䛳 䛯⇱ᆅᇦ䛿䠈ᚲ䛪䛧䜒ᣢ⥆ྍ⬟ᛶ䜢ಖド䛩䜛⎔ቃᐜ㔞䛜䛝䛔䜟䛡䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈䜐䛧䜝 ⬤ᙅ䛺ᆅᇦ䛷䛒䜚䠈㐣ᗘ䛾ᨺ∾䜔㐣䛺⪔స䛜⾜䜟䜜䜛䛸ᐜ᫆䛻ᅵተ䛾ຎ䛜㐍䜏䠈 ⲡᆅ䜔㎰ᆅ䛾Ⲩᗫ䜈䛸䛴䛺䛜䜛䛣䛸䛜▱䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄e.g. Akiyama,T and K.Kawamura, 2007; Cao, S. et al., 2009䠅䠊⌧ᅾ䠈ୡ⏺ⓗ䛺ேཱྀቑຍ䜔⤒῭Ⓨᒎᆅᇦ䛾ᣑ䛻䛸䜒䛺䛔䠈 ᪧ᮶䠈ኳỈ䜢ᕤኵ䛧䛶⏝䛧䛶䛝䛯ᆅ༊䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒㣗ᩱቑ⏘䜈䛾せồ䛜ᙉ䛟䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊 䛧䛛䛧䠈ኳỈ䜢ᕤኵ䛧䛶⏝䛩䜛㎰ᴗᙧែ䛿䛝䜟䜑䛶Ᏻᐃ䛺㎰ᴗ䛷䛒䜚䠈ேཱྀቑຍ䛻 క䛖㟂せቑຍ䛻䛿ᑐᛂ䛧䛝䜜䛺䛔䠊䛭䛾䛯䜑䠈Ἑᕝỏ℃ཎ䛾እ䛻䛒䜛ᆅᇦ䛷䛿ᚲ↛ⓗ 䛻ᆅୗỈ䛾℺₅Ỉ䛸䛧䛶䛾⏝䛜㐍䜐䛣䛸䛸䛺䜛䛜䠈ᾰ㣴㔞䛸⏝㔞䛸䛾ᨭ䛜ྜ䜟䛺 䛔ዣⓗ䛺ᆅୗỈ⏝䛜⾜䜟䜜䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䜛㎰ᴗ䛾ᣢ⥆ྍ⬟ᛶ䠈䛥䜙䛻䛿ᆅᇦ⎔ቃ䜈 䛾ᙳ㡪䛜ᠱᛕ䛥䜜䜛䜘䛖䛻䛺䛳䛶䛝䛶䛔䜛䠊୰ᅜ䜢ὶ䜜䜛㯤Ἑὶᇦ䜒䛭䛾䜘䛖䛺ၥ㢟䛜ぢ 䜙䜜䜛ᆅᇦ䛾୍䛴䛻ᩘ䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊ὶᇦ䛿㢧ⴭ䛺ேཱྀቑ䛻䜘䜛Ỉ㟂せ䛾ቑຍ䛜ぢ䜙䜜䠈 1980 ᖺ௦䛛䜙ὶᇦෆ䛾ᆅୗỈᥭỈ䛜┒䜣䛻䛺䜛䛸䠈1990 ᖺ௦䛻䛿㯤ἙὶỈ䛾㏵⤯䛘 䜛᩿ὶ䛜㢖Ⓨ䛧䛯䜚䠈࿘㎶䛾ᆅୗỈపୗ䜔Ἑᗋෆ䛾◁Ἶሁ✚䛜㐍⾜䛧䛯䜚䛩䜛䛺䛹䠈
῝้䛺Ỉ㈨※㊊䜔Ỉ⎔ቃၥ㢟䛻㝗䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈ሷᐖ䜢ྵ䜐ᅵተ䛾ຎ䜔⇱ 䛾㐍⾜䛺䛹ᵝ䚻䛺⎔ቃၥ㢟䜒ྠ䛻ᢪ䛘䛶䛔䜛䠄䛯䛸䛘䜀䠈▼䠈2008䠅䠊㯤Ἑὶᇦ 䛾ၥ㢟䛿୰ᅜ䛾⤒῭Ⓨᒎ䛸䜒㛵㐃䛧䛶䠈䛝䜟䜑䛶῝้䛺Ỉၥ㢟䛸䛺䛳䛶䛚䜚䠈ゎỴ䛻ྥ 䛡䛶ᵝ䚻䛺ᙧ䛷䛾䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏䛜ぢ䜙䜜䜛䠊䛯䛸䛘䜀䠈ᕤᏛⓗ䛺䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛷䛒䜛༡Ỉ ㄪ䛷䛒䛳䛯䜚䠈⠇Ỉ℺₅䛻䜘䜛℺₅ᢏ⾡䛾ྥୖ䛷䛒䛳䛯䜚䠈䛒䜛䛔䛿㯤Ἑὶᇦ䛾Ỉ㈨ ※㔞䜢᥎ᐃ䛧䠈᭱㐺䛺Ỉ⏝ィ⏬䜢ᥦゝ䛩䜛䛺䛹䛾◊✲䜒ᑡ䛺䛟䛺䛔䠄䛯䛸䛘䜀䠈㏆⸨ 䜙䠈2001䠗Xu, Z. X., 2002䠗୍䝜℩䜙䠈2005䠅䠊䛣䛾䛻䠈ὶᇦయ䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈୍㒊ᆅᇦ䛻 㛵䛩䜛Ỉ㈨※䜔ᆅୗỈ䠈ᅵተ䜔Ỉ㉁䛾ຎ䠈⇱ᆅ㎰ᴗ䛾⬤ᙅᛶ䛻㛵䛩䜛ሗ࿌䜒ከ ᩘぢ䜙䜜䜛䠄䛯䛸䛘䜀䠈Ma, J. Z. et al., 2005; Qi, S. and Luo, F., 2005䠅䠊ὶᇦయ䛾Ỉ㈨ ※䜔ᆅୗỈ䛾ഴྥ䛿䜘䛟▱䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䜒䛾䛾䠈Ỉ⏝䜔㎰ᴗ䛾ᙧែ䠈ᖏỈᒙ䜔ᆅୗỈ 䛾≧ἣ䛿ᆅᇦ䛤䛸䛻ᕪ␗䛜ぢ䜙䜜䜛䛯䜑䠈Ỉ⟶⌮䜔㎰ᴗ䛾ᨵၿ䜢ᅗ䜛䛯䜑䛻䛿䠈䛣 䛾䜘䛖䛺ᆅᇦ䛤䛸䛾ሗ䛜ྍḞ䛷䛒䜚䠈䜿䞊䝇䝇䝍䝕䜱䞊䛸䛧䛶㞟✚䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜᭱⤊ⓗ 䛻㯤Ἑὶᇦ䛾Ỉ㈨※ၥ㢟䛾ゎỴ䛻䛴䛺䛜䛳䛶䛔䛟䜒䛾䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊ᮏሗ䛷䛿䠈㯤Ἑ୰ ὶᇦ䛻ヱᙜ䛩䜛ෆⵚྂ⮬༊㐩ᢼ≉䛾ቸἙὶᇦ䠄Hao Qing River䠈Figure 3.1䠅䜢 ◊✲ᑐ㇟ᆅ䛸䛧䠈ᆅୗỈ㈨※䛸䛭䛾⏝≧ἣ䜢ሗ࿌䛩䜛䛸䛸䜒䛻䠈ᣢ⥆ྍ⬟䛺ᆅୗỈ ⏝䛾䛯䜑䛾ᥦゝ䜢⾜䛖䛣䛸䜢┠ᣦ䛩䠊
3.2 㐩ᢼ≉䠄Dalad䠅䛸◊✲ᑐ㇟ᆅ༊ 31 3.2 㐩ᢼ≉䠄Dalad䠅䛸◊✲ᑐ㇟ᆅ༊㻌 㯤Ἑ䛿㛗 5,464km䠈䛝䛟⺬⾜䛧䛺䛜䜙㟷ᾏ┬䠈⏑⢔┬䠈ᑀኟᅇ᪘⮬༊䠈ෆⵚྂ ⮬༊䠈ᒣす┬䠈㝐す┬䠈Ἑ༡┬䠈ᒣᮾ┬䜢㏻㐣䛧䠈῾ᾏ䜈䛸ὶୗ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䛭䛾ὶᇦ 㠃✚䛿 745,000km2䛸䛝䜟䜑䛶䛝䛔䛜䠈䛭䛾ὶᇦ䛾ከ䛟䛜⇱ᆅ䛒䜛䛔䛿༙⇱ᆅ䛷 䛒䜛䛯䜑䠈ᖹᆒᖺ㛫⥲ὶ㔞䛿 580 ൨ m3䛸䛭䛾つᶍ䛛䜙⪃䛘䜛䛸ẚ㍑ⓗᑡ䛺䛔䠊◊✲ᑐ ㇟ᆅ䛷䛒䜛㐩ᢼ≉䠄䛿䝰䞁䝂䝹Ẹ᪘䛾⤌⧊䛩䜛⾜ᨻ༢䠅䛿ෆⵚྂ⮬༊䛻䛒䜚䠈 䛭䛾㒊䜢㯤Ἑ䛻㠃䛧䛶䛔䜛ᆺⓗ䛺㯤Ἑὶᇦᆅ༊䛷䛒䜛䠊ෆⵚྂἙዓᖹཎᮾ༡㒊 䛻䛒䜛㒘ᑣከ᪁ᕷ➃䛻⨨䛧䠈ᮾ⤒ 108˚47ˊ䡚110˚58ˊ䠈⦋ 39˚47ˊ䡚40˚13ˊ䛾⠊ᅖ 䛻䛒䜛䠊ᮾ䛻᱁ᑣ䠈す䛻ᮺ㙠䠈༡䛿㒘ᑣከ᪁ᕷ༊䠈䛿㯤Ἑ䜢䛿䛥䜣䛷ⅲᢼ≉ ๓䠈ໟ㢌ᕷ༊䛻᥋䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊ᆅᙧ䛿༡㧗ప䠈す㧗ᮾప䛷䛒䜚䠈ᾏᢤ⣙ 1,000䡚 1,500m䠈ෆ㝣ᛶẼೃ䛷䠈ኟ䛿▷䛟ᬬ䛟䠈䛿㛗䛟䛶ᐮ䛔䠊ᖺᖹᆒẼ 䛿 6䉝䠈᭱㧗Ẽ 40.2䉝䠈᭱పẼ -34.5䉝䛸ᐮᬮ䛾ᕪ䛜⃭䛧䛟䠈ᅵተ䛿 10 ᭶䛾୰ୗ᪪䡚3 ᭶ᮎ䜎䛷䛾㛫 䛾⣙ 150 ᪥㛫⛬ᗘ⤖䛩䜛䠊⣙ 240䡚360mm 䛾ᖺ㛫㝆Ỉ㔞䛿᳜≀䛾⏕㛗ᮇ䛷䛒䜛 7 䡚9 ᭶䛾 3 䞄᭶㛫䛻㞟୰䛧䠈䛭䛾 3 䞄᭶㛫䛾㝆Ỉ㔞䛿ᖺ㛫㝆Ỉ㔞䛾 71.2%䜢༨䜑䜛䠊䛥 䜙䛻ྍ⬟Ⓨᩓ㔞䛿㝆Ỉ㔞䛾⣙ 7 ಸ䛾 2,200mm 䛷䛒䜚䚸㝆㞵䛾䜏䛷䛾⪔స䛿ᐜ᫆䛷 䛺䛔䠊㻌 㐩ᢼ≉䛾⥲㠃✚䛿 8,200km2䠈ேཱྀ䛿 32.4 ே䛷䛒䜚䠈ෆ䛿ୣ㝠ᆅᇦ䠈䜽䝤䝏◁ ₍ᆅᇦ䠈㯤ἙἈ✚ᖹཎᆅᇦ䛻༊ศ䛥䜜䜛䠊ୣ㝠ᆅᇦ䛿䠈⥲㠃✚䛜 2,660.4km2䠈ேཱྀ䛜 4.4 ே䠈ᆅᙧ䛾㉳అ䛜䛝䛟㛗ᮇ䛻䜟䛯䜛ᆅ⾲ᅵተὶฟ䛜⏕䛨䛶䛔䜛䛯䜑ᅵᒙཌ䛥䛿 10䡚30cm 䛸䛺䜚䠈ᆅ⾲䛻ᒾ┙䛜㟢ฟ䛩䜛䛺䛹䠈㎰ᴗ⏕⏘⬟ຊ䛿ప䛔䠊䜽䝤䝏◁₍ᆅᇦ 䛿䠈⥲㠃✚䛜3,608 km2䠈ேཱྀ䛜2.9 ே䠊⇱Ẽೃ䛾ୖ䠈᳜⏕䜒䜎䜀䜙䛷䛒䜛䛯䜑䠈ά ⏝䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛ᅵᆅ䛿ᑡ䛺䛔䛜䠈పᆅ◁ୣ䜔┅ᆅ䠈ኳ↛䛾℺ⲡᆅ䛿㎰∾ᴗ䛾⏕⏘ᆅ䛸䛺 䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊㯤ἙἈ✚ᖹཎᆅᇦ䛿䠈⥲㠃✚ 1,931.6km2䠈ேཱྀ 20.1 ே䛷䛒䜚䠈㯤ἙἙዓ ᖹཎᮾ䛻⨨䛧䠈㯤Ἑ䛒䜛䛔䛿䛭䛾ᨭᕝ䛾⫧Ỻ䛺Ἀ✚ᖹ㔝䛷䛒䜚䠈ෆ䛾✐ᆅᇦ䛷 䛒䜛䛸䛸䜒䛻䠈⤒῭ⓗ䛻䜒ᐩ⿱䛺ᆅᇦ䛷䜒䛒䜛䠊 ቸἙ䛿㐩ᢼ≉䜢ྥ䛝䛻ὶ䜜䜛Ꮨ⠇䠄㞵Ꮨ㝈ᐃ䠅Ἑᕝ䛷䛒䜚䠈㐩ᢼ≉༑Ἑᕝ 䛾୍䛴䛻ᩘ䛘䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛭䛾ὶᇦ䛿༡㒊䛜ୣ㝠ᆅᇦ䠈䜽䝤䝏◁₍ᆅᇦ䛷䛒䜚䠈㒊䛜 㯤ἙἈ✚ᖹཎᆅᇦ䛸䛺䜛䛜䠈Ἑᕝ㛗䛿34.2km 䛸ẚ㍑ⓗ▷䛟䠈ὶᇦ㠃✚䜒 217.5km2⛬ᗘ 䛷䛒䜛䠊ᖹᆒᖺ㛫⥲ὶ㔞䛿583 m3䠈ᖹᆒὶ㔞䛿0.17m3䡡s-1䠈ᅵ◁㐠ᦙ㔞䛜ᖺ㛫1 ൨ kg 䛸䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛜䠈㯤Ἑ䜈䛾ᅵ◁䛾ὶฟ䜢㑊䛡䜛䛯䜑䛻ேᕤἙᕝタ⨨䛺䛹䛾ᕤ䛜䛺 䛥䜜䛶䛚䜚䠈ᐇ㝿䛻䛿Ἑ㐨䛻䜋䛸䜣䛹Ỉ䛿ὶ䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔䠊䛭䛾䛯䜑䠈◊✲ᑐ㇟ᆅᇦ䛾 㒊ᆅ༊䛿㯤Ἑ䛛䜙ᑟỈ䛸ᆅୗỈ䛾୧⪅䜢⏝䛔䛶䠈䜽䝤䝏◁₍䛻᥋䛩䜛༡㒊ᆅ༊䛿䜋䜌 ᆅୗỈ䛾䜏䛻౫Ꮡ䛧䛯ᙧ䛷⪔స䜢⾜䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊༡㒊䠈㒊ᆅ༊䛸䜒䛻䛺᱂ᇵస≀䛿 㣫ᩱస≀䛷䛒䜛䝖䜴䝰䝻䝁䝅䜔䝇䜲䜹䠈䝆䝱䜺䜲䝰䛷䛒䜚䠈㏆ᖺ䛷䛿䜂䜎䜟䜚䜔㯞䜢᱂ᇵ
