̆ㄭઍࠗࠡࠬߦ߅ߌࠆၞࠗࡧࠚࡦ࠻ߦ㑐ߔࠆ৻⠨ኤ̆
Ꮉᧄ⌀ᶈ
㧔㜞⍮ᄢቇੱᢥ␠ળ⑼ቇ♽ੱᢥ␠ળ⑼ቇㇱ㐷㧕
The Pageant Boom and Religion in Early-twentieth-century England A Study of Local Events in Modern Britain
Masahiro KAWAMOTO
Humanities and Social Sciences Unit, Humanities and Social Sciences Cluster, Kochi University
㪘㪹㫊㫋㫉㪸㪺㫋㪑 In this article I am to consider the relationship between historical pageants, which many towns and cities in Britain were keen to hold in the early twentieth century, as the modern local event, and religion which it is generally said seems to have greatly transformed in the process of modernisation. I pick up some pageants held in England in this period, and look closely into its contents of the play, the commitment of local churches and clergymen to the event, and religious discourses used concerning its event. Local clergymen, who were one of elites of their town, made every effort to secure the governance there, having eagerly planned to hold the pageant. In addition, religious discourses in broader meanings and rituals held in local churches and chapels were significant for the executives and promoters of the pageant, probably not on purpose though, to avoid critical opinions that a pageant linked intensely to economic interests and "commercialism" and also gave no benefit for most of local people. It is intriguing that in many towns local clergymen played a crucial role to have the historical pageant to represent its local history. In addition we cannot ignore the situation and meaning of the religion and local churches in the community, especially in this period when in England the Church felt to be threatened by the "fact" that the number of church-goer would fall off.
ࠠࡢ࠼㧦ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻㧘ቬᢎ㧘ࠗࠡࠬ㧘ၞࠗࡧࠚࡦ࠻㧘ㇺᏒ Keywords: pageant, religion, England, local events, city
৻㧚ߪߓߦ ৻♿ᓟඨߩࠗࡦࠣࡦ࠼ߢߪ㧘৻৻ᐕߩ࿖⺞ᩏߩ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄ㧘ቬᢎ⇇ߣࠅࠊߌࠗࡦࠣࡦ࠼࿖ᢎળߩߥ ߆ߢࠊࠁࠆ᳃ⴐߩޟᢎળ㔌ࠇޠߣ߁㗴߇ᷓೞߦฃߌߣࠄࠇߡߚ㧚1ㄭᐕߩ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘ࠗࠡࠬߩ৻♿ ߪߒࠈޟቬᢎ⊛ᵴ᳇ߦḷࠇߚ♿ޠߛߞߚߣ߁ᣇ߇৻⥸⊛ߢࠆ߇㧘หᤨઍߩᢎળ㑐ଥ⠪ߦߣߞߡ৻ᐕߩ ࿖⺞ᩏߩ⚿ᨐ߇ⴣ᠄⊛ߢߞߚߎߣߦߪ㆑ߥ㧚2ታ㓙㧘ߘߩࠃ߁ߥ೨ឭߢ߽ߞߡ㧘߹ߚዋᢙᵷߢࠆ㕖࿖ᢎ♽ ฦቬᵷߦࠃࠆⓍᭂ⊛ߥജᄢߩേ߈߽ߡ㧘ฦᢎળฦቬᵷ߇ੱ߮ߣߩᣣᏱ↢ᵴߩߐ߹ߑ߹ߥዪ㕙ߦⓍᭂ⊛ߦ 㑐ࠊࠅวࠍ߽ߣ߁ߣߒߚ㧘ߣ⸃ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߛࠈ߁㧚ㇺᏒߦ߅ߌࠆ㈬ㆇേ߿ᘏༀᵴേߪ⸒߁߹ߢ߽ߥߊ㧘 ৻♿ᓟඨߦߞߡߪ㧘ᒰᤨࠄߚߦᒻࠍߥߒߟߟߞߚ᳃ⴐᇅᭉࠍߪߓߣߔࠆᥜᤨ㑆ߩߔߏߒ߆ߚߦ߽㧘 ᢎળ߇Ⓧᭂ⊛ߦ㑐ਈߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ㧚3 ᧄⓂߢߪ㧘ੑޚ♿ೋ㗡ߩࠗࠡࠬㇺᏒ᳃ߩᥜᤨ㑆ߩߔߏߒ߆ߚߣᷓ㑐ଥߦࠆၞࠗࡧࠚࡦ࠻ߣቬᢎߣ ߩ㑐ଥࠍតࠆߴߊ㧘ర᳃߇రߩᱧผࠍṶߓࠆ㊁ᄖᱧผߢࠆࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߦ⌕⋡ߒߡߺߚ㧚ࠗࡦࠣࡦ࠼ ㇱ࠼࠶࠻Ꮊߩ↸ࠪࡖࡏࡦߢ৻ޚᐕߦ㐿ߐࠇߚࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩᚑഞࠍ߈ߞ߆ߌߣߒߡ㧘ࠗࠡࠬߦ߅ ߡߪ㧘╙৻ᰴ⇇ᄢᚢߩ೨㧔ࠪࡖࡏࡦࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻⋥ᓟ߆ࠄ৻৻ޚᐕ㗃߹ߢ㧕ߣᓟ㧔৻ੑޚᐕઍᧃ߆ࠄ ৻ਃޚᐕઍߦ߆ߌߡ㧕ߦฦߢࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻߇⋓ࠎߦ㐿ߐࠇߚ㧚4ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߪඳⷩળߣห᭽㧘ᒰᤨߩࠗࠡࠬߢ ㇺᏒߘࠇߙࠇ߇⁛⥄ߦ㐿ߔࠆ㧘ၮᧄ⊛ߦߪ৻࿁㒢ࠅߩၞࠗࡧࠚࡦ࠻ߢߞߚ㧚ߤߜࠄߩࠗࡧࠚࡦ࠻߽㧘ⷰቴߥ ߒ᧪႐⠪ߩߦ┙ߞߡߺࠇ߫㧘ᥜᤨ㑆ࠍߔߏߔ․ߥᯏળߩ߭ߣߟߢߞߚ㧚ߚߛ㧘ඳⷩળߣࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻߇ᄢ ߈ߊ⇣ߥࠆὐߪ㧘೨⠪ߣᲧߴߡᓟ⠪ߩ߶߁߇㧘ࠃࠅᄙߊߩ㐿᳃߇ࠃࠅ⋥ធߦߘߩㆇ༡ߦ㑐ਈߔࠆߣ߁ߎߣ ߢߞߚ㧚㐿⾗㊄ߩ㓸ᣇ߿ࠗࡧࠚࡦ࠻᧪႐⠪ߣߒߡߩⴕേߪඳⷩળߣห᭽ߢߞߚ߇㧘ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߢߪ㧘ⵝ ߿ౕ㘃ࠍߒߚࠅ㧘ᱧผߩੱ‛᳃ⴐࠍṶߓߚࠅߔࠆߥߤ㧘᳃ߩߥ߆ߩᔒ߇ߘࠇߙࠇߩᥜᤨ㑆ࠍหࠗ ࡧࠚࡦ࠻ߩḰ߿ㆇ༡ߦలߡߚ㧚5ᒰᤨߩࠗࠡࠬߦߺࠄࠇߚޟ᳃ෳടဳࠗࡧࠚࡦ࠻ޠߦߪࡈࠚࠕ㧘࠙ࠚࠗࠢ㧘ࡈ ࠶࠻ࡏ࡞ߥߤㄭઍએ೨ߩⴕߦḮࠍߚߤࠇࠆ߽ߩ߽ࠆ߇㧘ߎߎߢ⌕⋡ߔࠆࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߪ㧘ࠪࡖࡏࡦߩޟᚑ ഞޠࠍ߁ߌ㧘ߘࠇߦ୮߅߁ߣߒߡฦㇺᏒ߇ᣂߚߦડ↹ߒ㐿ߒߚ㧘߈ࠊߡㄭઍ⊛ߥ㧚㧚㧚㧚ၞࠗࡧࠚࡦ࠻ߛߞߚ㧚6 ߘߩࠃ߁ߥ᳃ⴐߩᥜߩߔߏߒ߆ߚߣኒធߥ㑐ࠊࠅࠍ߽ߟㄭઍ⊛ߥၞࠗࡧࠚࡦ࠻ߢࠆࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߣㄭઍൻ ㆊ⒟ߩߥ߆ߢᄢ߈ߊᄌኈߒߚߣߐࠇࠆቬᢎߣߩ㑆ߦߺߛߖࠆ㑐ଥߦߟߡ㧘ᧄⓂߢߪ⠨߃ߡߺߚ㧚7ߘߎߢߪ㧘 ㅀߩࠃ߁ߥᢎળ㑐ଥ⠪ߩᛴߡߚޟෂᯏᗵޠ߿ㇺᏒ␠ળߩᄌኈ㧘ߐࠄߦࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߘߩ߽ߩߩᄖⷰ߿․⾰̆ߣ ߊߦࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߢ⽎ߐࠇࠆᱧผߥߒᱧผⷰߣቬᢎߣߩ㑐ଥ߽̆⠨߃ࠊߖࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆ㧚એਅ㧘ੑޚ♿ೋ㗡 ߩࠗࡦࠣࡦ࠼ߢ㐿ߐࠇߚࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩౕ߆ࠄ㧘Ṷౝኈ㧘㐿ᬺ߳ߩᢎળߩ㑐ਈ㧘ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߘߩ߽ߩ ࠍ⺆ࠆ㓙ߩቬᢎ⊛⸒ㄉߦ⌕⋡ߒߡᬌ⸛ࠍㅴࠆ㧚 ੑ㧚ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩṶౝኈߣቬᢎ వߦ߽ㅀߴߚࠃ߁ߦ㧘ੑޚ♿ೋ㗡ߩࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ࡉࡓߩ߈ߞ߆ߌߪ৻ޚᐕߩࠪࡖࡏࡦࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ ߢࠆ㧚ߎߩࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߪ↸ߩ㐿ၮ৻ੑޚޚᐕ⸥ᔨߩࠗࡧࠚࡦ࠻ߣߒߡડ↹ߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢߞߚ㧚 ࠪࡖࡏࡦߦߪ↸ߩ㐿ၮߦߟߡᰴߩࠃ߁ߥ߇વ߃ࠄࠇߡߚ㧚ࠗࡦࠣࡦ࠼ߦ߅ߡߪ㧘ฎઍࡠࡑߩᡰ ㈩ਅߢᐢ߹ߞߚࠠࠬ࠻ᢎ߇㧘ࡠࡑߩᡰ㈩߇⚳ࠊߞߚᓟ㧘ߞߚࠎᓸߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ㧚⡛⡯⠪ࠛࠕ࡞࠼ࡋ࡞ࡓ ߪ㧘৾ޚᐕߦߎߩ㧔ߩߜߦࠪࡖࡏࡦߣߥࠆ㧕ࠍ⸰ࠇߚߣ߈ߦ㧘᳃ߚߜ߇⁚ࠅߢߒߣߚേ‛ࠍଏ‛ ߣߒߡޟޠߦᝤߍࠃ߁ߣߒߡࠆ႐㕙ߦㆣㆄߒߚ㧚ޟࠠࠬ࠻ᢎᓤޠࠍ⥄⒓ߔࠆ᳃ߚߜߦኻߒߡ㧘ᓐߪߘߩࠃ ߁ߥޟᑼޠ߇ޟߩᢎ߃ޠߦㆡ߁߽ߩߢߪߥߎߣࠍ⻀ߔߣߣ߽ߦ㧘ޟ⇣ᢎޠߩᓇ㗀ࠍឃߒߚޟࠠࠬ࠻ᢎޠࠍ ౣ߮ᩮઃ߆ߖࠆߚߦߎߩߦᢎળࠍᑪߡߚ㧚ߘߩᢎળࠍߣࠅ߹ߊᒻߢߢ߈ߚߩ߇㧘ࠪࡖࡏࡦߩ↸ߢߞߚ㧚 ↸ߩ㐿ၮߦ߆߆ࠊࠆߎߩࠃ߁ߥㅺ߇㧘৻ੑߩࠛࡇ࠰࠼߆ࠄߥࠆࠪࡖࡏࡦࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩᦨೋߩࠛࡇ࠰࠼
㧔৻㧕ߣߥߞߚߩߢࠆ㧚 ࠪࡖࡏࡦࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߢߪ㧘♿ߩ࠺ࡦੱߣߩᚢ㧔ࠛࡇ࠰࠼ੑ㧕߿ࠕ࡞ࡈ࠶࠼ᄢ₺ߩㅺ㧔ࠛࡇ ࠰࠼ਃ㧕㧘ࠪࡖࡏࡦၔߩᑪ⸳㧔৻ੑ♿㧕ߣߥࠄࠎߢ㧘ᢎળߦ㑐ࠊࠆ‛⺆߇Ṷߓࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߔߥࠊߜ㧘ࠛࡇ࠰ ࠼྾ߢߪ৻ޚ♿ᧃߩࡌࡀ࠺ࠖࠢ࠻ᵷୃߩ᧪㧘ࠛࡇ࠰࠼ߢߪ৻৻♿ߩ࠙ࠖࠕࡓᓕ₺ߦࠃࠆมᢎ ᐳᢎળߩࡓ߳ߩ⒖⸳㧔ᢎળߪࡌࡀ࠺ࠖࠢ࠻ળߩᚻߦࠊߚࠆ㧕㧘ࠛࡇ࠰࠼৾ߢߪ৻♿ߩୃ჻ߣᢎ ᳃ߣߩ⺩㧘ࠛࡇ࠰࠼ߢߪ৻♿ߩቬᢎᡷ㕟ߦࠃࠆୃ㒮⸃ᢔ߇㧘ߘࠇߙࠇṶߓࠄࠇߚ㧚߽ߞߣ߽㧘ୃ㒮 ⸃ᢔߩߣ㧘ࠛ࠼ࡢ࠼ߩ഼⸵ߦࠃࠆࠪࡖࡏࡦᩞ㧔ࠛࡇ࠰࠼৻ޚ㧕ߣࠨ࠙ࠜ࡞࠲ࡠߩ᧪ ⸰㧔ࠛࡇ࠰࠼৻৻㧕߆ࠄࡈࠖ࠽ߦ⛯ߡߞߚߎߣ߆ࠄ߽ࠊ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘ోߣߒߡߪߌߞߒߡᢎળผࠍਥ 㗴ߣߔࠆࠃ߁ߥ߿ࠊࠁࠆቬᢎߢߪߥ߆ߞߚ㧚ቬᢎ߿ᢎળ߇ਥⷐߥㇱಽࠍභߥ߇ࠄ߽㧘⡛ੱ߿ୃ჻ߥߤᢎ ળ㑐ଥߩੱ‛߽㧘ࠆߣ߈ߪ࠺ࡦੱߣᚢ㧘ࠆߣ߈ߪୃ჻ߣ߁↸ߩੱ߮ߣ߽㧘ࠆߪࠕࡔࠞᄢ㒽߇ࠄ ߺߩㅺࠍ߽ߚࠄߒߚࡠ߽㧘ߘࠇߙࠇߩࠛࡇ࠰࠼ߢߪߺߥ╬ߒߊਥᓎߣߒߡឬ߆ࠇ㧘Ṷߓࠄࠇߚ㧚ࠪࡖ ࡏࡦࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߪߊ߹ߢޟ↸ߩᱧผޠࠍឬߚᱧผߢࠅ㧘ታ㓙ߦߘ߁ߒߚℂᔨߣౝኈࠍ߃ߚࡄࠫࠚࡦ ࠻߇㧘ߘߩᓟ㧘ฦߢߐ߆ࠎߦ㐿ߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߩߢࠆ㧚8 ࠪࡖࡏࡦએᓟߩฦߩࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩߥ߆ߢ߽㧘ᢎળߦ⋥ធ㑐ࠊࠆⴕߣߒߡ㐿ߐࠇߚ႐วߪ㧘ࠬ࠻ ߩౝኈ߽ᢎળߦ߹ߟࠊࠆ߇ਛᔃߦᝪ߃ࠄࠇߚࠅ㧘ᄙߊขࠅㄟ߹ࠇߚࠅߔࠆะ߇ߞߚ㧚৻ޚ৾ᐕߦࡂࡦࡊࠪ ࠕߩ↸ࡠࡓࠫߢ㐿ߐࠇߚࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩࠃ߁ߦᭂ┵ߥ߽ࠆ㧚ࡠࡓࠫࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߪୃ㒮ഃ⸳ජᐕࠍ ⸥ᔨߒߚࠗࡧࠚࡦ࠻ߢߞߚ߇㧘రߩ⡛⡯⠪߇บᧄᚑߦ߹ߢᓇ㗀ജࠍ߷ߒ㧘ߘߩᱧผⷰ߇ౝኈߦᄢ߈ߊᤋ ߐࠇߚ㧚9ߘߩบᧄߦߺࠄࠇࠆߣ߅ࠅ㧘৻ޚߩࠛࡇ࠰࠼ߩ߁ߜ㧘ࠛࡇ࠰࠼৻㧔ୃ㒮ഃ⸳㧕߆ࠄᆎ߹ߞߡ㧘ࠛࡇ ࠰࠼ੑߪࠛ࠼ࠟ₺߇⿏⟋ߩߚߦୃ㒮ࠍౣᑪߒߚ㧔৻ޚ♿㧕㧘ࠛࡇ࠰࠼ਃߪ࠺ࡦੱߦࠃࠆୃ㒮ߩ ⎕უ㧔৻ޚ♿㧕㧘ࠛࡇ࠰࠼྾ߪࠗࡦࠣࡦ࠼₺ሶࡋࡦ߇ୃ㒮ߦߚࠬࠦ࠶࠻ࡦ࠼₺ᅚࠍᆄߦߒߚ㧔৻ ৻♿㧕㧘ࠛࡇ࠰࠼ߣߪߘࠇߙࠇᅚሶୃ㒮㐳ࠍਥᓎߣߔࠆ㛍േ㧔৻ੑ♿ߣ৻♿㧕㧘ߘߒߡࠛࡇ࠰࠼ ৾ߩቬᢎᡷ㕟ߦࠃࠆୃ㒮⸃ᢔ㧔৻♿㧕߹ߢ㧘ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩ౨㗡߆ࠄ৾ߟߩࠛࡇ࠰࠼߇ߔߴߡୃ㒮ߦ߹ߟ ࠊࠆߢߞߚ㧚ߘࠇߦ⛯ߊࠛࡇ࠰࠼߆ࠄ৻ޚߢߪࡠࡓࠫߩ↸ߦ࠴ࡖ࠲ࠍ⊒Ꮣߒߚࠫࠚࠗࡓ࠭৻ߣ ࠊࠁࠆࡇࡘ࠲ࡦ㕟ᦼߩㅺ̆₺ౄᵷߩὐߣߥߞߚ↸ߩ᭽ሶ߅ࠃ߮࠴ࡖ࡞࠭৻߇ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦߦ⼔ㅍߐࠇ ࠆ᭽ሶ̆߇ߣࠅߍࠄࠇߡࠆ㧚10ୃ㒮߇↸ߩᱧผߩߥ߆ߢਛᔃ⊛ߥ⟎ࠍභߚߣ߁ᣇ߆ࠄߔࠇ߫㧘ࡠࡓ ࠫࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻߽㧘↸ߩᱧผࠍឬߊߣ߁㧘ᒰᤨߩᄙߊߩࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߣ㘃ࠍหߓߊߔࠆߣ⸒߃ࠆ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘ᒰᤨ ߩᄙߊߩࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߪᴦ⊛ቬᢎ⊛⺰ࠍᗖߒ߆ߨߥ╭ᦠ߈ࠍㆱߌࠆะߦࠅ㧘ߘߩὐߢޟ㜞ᢎળᵷޠ⊛ ࠗࡦࠣࡦ࠼ผⷰ߇⦡Ớߊࠇߡߚࡠࡓࠫߪᄖ⊛ߢߞߚ㧘ߣศ㊁ߪᜰ៰ߒߡࠆ㧚11 ࡠࡓࠫߣߪ⇣ߥࠆᒻߢ㧘ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩ㐿⋡⊛ߣᢎળ߇ኒធߦ⚿߮ߟߡߚߩ߇㧘࠙ࠖࡦ࠴ࠚࠬ࠲ࡄࠫࠚ ࡦ࠻㧔৻ޚᐕ㧕ߢࠆ㧚ߎߩࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߪหߦࠆᄢ⡛ၴߩୃ❲⾗㊄ࠍࠆߚߦ㐿ߐࠇߚ㧚12Ṷߓࠄࠇ ߚࠛࡇ࠰࠼ߩߥ߆ߦߪ㧘ߚߣ߃߫㧘৻ੑ♿ߦ₺ᣖりߩ㜞⡛⡯⠪ߣߒߡᄢ߈ߥജࠍ߽ߞߡߚมᢎࡋࡦ߿ ৻྾♿ߦᄢ⡛ၴࠍౣᑪߒߚมᢎࡢࠗࠞࡓߩ࠙ࠖࠕࡓ߇ਥੱߣߥࠆㅺ߇ߞߚ㧚৻߆ᓟߦࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻㐿 ࠍ߭߆߃ߚ࠼ࡧࠔ߆ࠄ࠙ࠖࡦ࠴ࠚࠬ࠲ߩ᭽ሶࠍ┍ߦ᧪ߚర⚕ㅢାຬߪ㧘หᐕ㐿ߩࠗࡃ࡞ߚࠆߎߩࡄࠫ ࠚࡦ࠻ߦߟߡ㧘ߘߩ㐿⋡⊛߆ࠄᢎળ㑐ଥ⠪ߩᄙᄢߥᡰេ߇ࠆߎߣ㧘ߚߛޟࠛࡇ࠰࠼߇ᄢ⡛ၴߦᒁ߈ߟߌࠄ ࠇࠆౝኈ᭴ᚑߦߥࠅ߇ߜߢ㧘߿߿⥝ࠍ߇ࠇࠆߣߎࠈ߇ࠆޠߎߣࠍᦠ߈⸥ߒߚ㧚13࠼ࡧࠔߢߩࠗࡧࠚࡦ࠻ ࠍ⋓ࠅ┙ߡࠃ߁ߣߔࠆ⸥ߩߥ߆ߢߩࠦࡔࡦ࠻ߣߪ߃㧘หᤨઍੱߩ⥝ᷓᜰ៰ߢࠆ㧚 ߎࠇࠄߩ߶߆ߦ߽㧘ᢎળߦ㑐ߔࠆࠛࡇ࠰࠼߇ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߦ⋓ࠅㄟ߹ࠇߚߪᨎߦߣ߹߇ߥ㧚৻ޚ৾ ᐕߦ㐿ߐࠇߚࡌࡦ࠻ࠛ࠼ࡑࡦ࠭ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߢߪ㧘৻ੑ♿ᧃ߆ࠄ৻ਃ♿ೋ㗡ߦหߢᵴべߒߚୃ 㒮㐳ࠨࡓ࠰ࡦߩㅺ߇ࠛࡇ࠰࠼྾ߢṶߓࠄࠇߚ㧚บᧄߩ㐳ߐߢ߁ߣ㧘↸ߩฬ೨ߩ↱᧪ߣߥߞߚࠛ࠼ࡑࡦ࠼₺̆ ♿ߦ࠺ࡦੱߣߩᚢߢᗌᲕߐࠇ㧘หߦ⫋ࠄࠇߚ̆ߩㅺࠍឬߊࠛࡇ࠰࠼ੑࠃࠅ߽㧘ࠨࡓ࠰ࡦ߇⊓႐ߔࠆ ࠛࡇ࠰࠼྾ߩ߶߁߇㐳߆ߞߚ㧚14หߓᐕߦ㐿ߐࠇߚࡦ࠻ࠝ࡞ࡃࡦ࠭ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߢߪ㧘↸ߩ㐿ၮߦ㑐ࠊࠅ ߇ᷓ྾♿ߩ⡛ࠕ࡞ࡃࠬߩᱵᢎ߿㧘♿ߩหߢߩୃ㒮ഃ⸳߇ឬ߆ࠇߚ㧚࠙ࠜ࠶ࠢ㧔৻ޚᐕ㧕߿ࠦ
࡞࠴ࠚࠬ࠲㧔৻ޚᐕ㧕ߢߩࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߢߪ㧘ࠠࡦࡌࡦ㧔ࠢࡁࡌࠬ㧕ߣࠞ࠼ࠢ㧔ࠞ࠲ࠢࠬ㧕ࠍਥᓎߣ ߔࠆ̆ࡠࡑߣߩᚢߩᓟ㧘ᓟ⠪߇Ꮻㇹߒߡࡉ࠹ࡦፉߦࠠࠬ࠻ᢎࠍવ߃ߚߣ߁̆ޟવᛚޠ߽ࠛࡇ࠰࠼ߦ⋓ ࠅㄟ߹ࠇߚ㧚15 ↸ߩᱧผࠍ↸ߩੱ߇Ṷߓࠆߣ߁㊁ᄖᱧผߚࠆࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߪ㧘ਛ߆ࠄㄭߦ߆ߌߡߩ࡛ࡠ࠶ࡄߦߺࠄࠇߚ ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߔߥࠊߜቬᢎ߿ᄸ〔ߣߪၮᧄ⊛ߦᕈᩰߩ⇣ߥࠆࠗࡧࠚࡦ࠻ߢߞߚ㧚ࠪࡖࡏࡦࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ ߮ߘࠇߦ୮ߞߚࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߢߪ̆⡛ੱߦ㒢ࠄߕ㧘࿖₺㧘ァੱߥߤߦߒߡ߽̆․ቯߩੱ߇‛⺆ోࠍㅢߒߡߩਥੱ ߣߥࠆߎߣߪߥ߆ߞߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘రߩᱧผࠍឬߊ‛⺆ࠍឬߎ߁ߣߔࠆߣ߈ߦߪ㧘ߘࠇߙࠇߩᤨᦼߩ࿖₺㧘ァ ⊛⧷㓶㧘⡛⡯⠪ߥߤ㧘ࠊࠁࠆޟᱧผߦฬࠍᱷߔޠੱ‛ߥߒޟ⧷㓶ޠߦฦࠛࡇ࠰࠼ߩਛᔃ⊛ߥᓎഀ߇ഀࠅᝄࠄ ࠇࠆߎߣߪߏߊ߰ߟ߁ߦߺࠄࠇߚ㧚16߹ߚ㧘ᄙߊߩࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻߇৻৾♿߹ߚߪ৻♿ߩ᧪ࠍឬߊࠛࡇ࠰ ࠼߇የࠍ㘼ߞߚ㧚17ੑޚ♿ೋ㗡ߦឬ߆ࠇߚޟ↸ߩ೨ㄭઍผޠߩߥ߆ߢᢎળ߿⡛⡯⠪ߩࡊࡦࠬ߇ᄢ߈ߎߣ ߪ㧘ߥࠎࠄਇᕁ⼏ߥߎߣߢߪࠆ߹㧚ߊߟ߆ߩࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߢߪ㧘ޟ⇣ᢎޠ⊛ⷐ⚛ߣߩኻᲧ߿ࠠࠬ࠻ᢎવ᧪ࠍ ‛⺆ࠆޟવᛚޠࠍឬߊߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘ࠠࠬ࠻ᢎൻߣޟᢥൻޠࠍ⚿߮ߟߌࠆࠃ߁ߥ⽎߇ឭ␜ߐࠇࠆߎߣߐ߃ ߞߚߩߢࠆ㧚 ਃ㧚ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻㐿ᬺ߳ߩ⡛⡯⠪ߩ㑐ਈ ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߣቬᢎߣߩ㑐ଥߪ㧘ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߢṶߓࠄࠇࠆౝኈߔߥࠊߜㆊߩၞ␠ળߣᢎળߣߩ㑐ଥࠍឬߊߣ ߁৻ὐߦߣߤ߹ࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥ㧚ฦߢߩࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻㐿ᬺߦߪ㧘หߩᢎળߣࠅࠊߌᢎᢎળߔߥࠊߜࠗࡦࠣ ࡦ࠼࿖ᢎળ߇ߒ߫ߒ߫⸘↹ೋᦼߩᲑ㓏߆ࠄᷓߊ㑐ਈߒߡߚ㧚 ߚߣ߃߫㧘ࡉࡓߩἫઃߌᓎߣߥߞߚࠪࡖࡏࡦࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩ㐿߆ࠄߒߡ㧘ᱧผ⊛ߦ߽ℂ⊛ߦ߽↸ߩਛ ᔃߦࠆᢎᢎળ߇㊀ⷐߥᓎഀࠍᨐߚߒߚ㧚หߢߩࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻㐿ߩ߈ߞ߆ߌࠍ߽ߚࠄߒߚੱ‛ߣߒߡࠕࠨ ࡈࠖ࡞࠼㧘ߘߒߡᾲᔃߥផㅴ⠪ߩ৻ੱߣߒߡࡈ࠺࠶ࠢ㧮࠙ࠚࠬ࠻ࠦ࠶࠻ߩฬ߇ߍࠄࠇࠃ߁㧚৻ ޚ྾ᐕ㧘ࠪࡖࡏࡦᩞߩりߢᢎᢎળߩ⡛⡯⠪㧔ࠠࡘ࠻㧕ߢߞߚࡈࠖ࡞࠼߇Ꮸߒߚᢎᢎળߩળวߢ㧘 ⠉ޚᐕߦ↸ߩ㐿ၮ৻ੑޚޚᐕࠍ⸥ᔨߔࠆࠄ߆ߩⴕࠍ㐿ߒࠃ߁ߣ߁߇ߚ㧚ᓐߪ⥄ಽ߇ࠪࡖࡏࡦ ᩞߦቇߒߡߚߣ߈ߦ㖸ᭉᢎᏧ࡞ࠗ㧺ࡄࠞ߇ቇᩞߩᱧผࠍ⹖ߦߒߚޟᩞޠࠍߞߚߎߣࠍᕁߒ ߡ㧘หᩞㅌ⡯ᓟࡠࡦ࠼ࡦߢኅߣߒߡᵴべߒߡߚࡄࠞߦഥ⸒ࠍ᳞ࠆᦠ◲ࠍㅍߞߚ㧚ࡄࠞߪ㧘ޟ↸ࠍ ߍߡ㐿ߔࠆߎߣޠߔߥࠊߜߩᏒ᳃㓸ળߢߩ⼏㧘ⵝ߿ౕ㘃ߩࠍߚḰᬺ㧘ߢߩ㈩ᓎ߹ߢࠍ ᳃߇ᜂ߁ߎߣߥߤ㧘⥄ಽߩ᭴ᗐࠍࡈࠖ࡞࠼ߦᦠ߈ㅍߞߡ߈ߚ㧚18ࡄࠞ߆ࠄߩ␜ໂࠍࡈࠖ࡞࠼߆ࠄવ߃ฃ ߌߚࠪࡖࡏࡦᩞߩᩞ㐳ߢߞߚ࠙ࠚࠬ࠻ࠦ࠶࠻ߪ㧘ޟ߽ߒ↸㧔ㇺᏒᒰዪ߿᳃㧩⸶ᵈ㧕߇ਸ਼ࠅ᳇ߢߥߥࠄ㧘 ߚߣ߃ቇᩞන⁛ߢߞߡ߽ߎߩࠗࡧࠚࡦ࠻ࠍ㐿ߔࠆޠߣ߁߶ߤ㧘Ⓧᭂ⊛ߥᆫࠍߺߖߚ㧚19ࠪࡖࡏࡦᩞߪ㧘 ৻♿ࠗࡦࠣࡦ࠼ߩቬᢎᡷ㕟ߩ㓙ߦ㧘ࠛ࠼ࡢ࠼ߩ഼⸵ࠍᓧߡ㧘ᣥୃ㒮ߩᣉ⸳ࠍᵹ↪ߒߡഃ⸳ߐࠇߚቇ ᩞߢࠆ㧚ᩞ㐳࠙ࠚࠬ࠻ࠦ࠶࠻߽࿖ᢎળߩ⡛⡯⠪ߢࠅ㧘৻ޚᐕߦታߒߚࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߢߪᦨೋߩࠛࡇ࠰࠼ ߩਥᓎߢࠆ̆↸ߩᱧผߩਥᓎߩ৻ੱߢ߽ࠆ̆⡛ࠛࠕ࡞࠼ࡋ࡞ࡓࠍṶߓߚߩߢࠆ㧚 ࡈࠖ࡞࠼߿࠙ࠚࠬ࠻ࠦ࠶࠻ߩࠃ߁ߥੱ‛߇ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻㐿ߦߟߡ㊀ⷐߥᓎഀࠍᨐߚߒߚߎߣߪ㧘ᒰᤨߩࠗࠡ ࠬዊㇺᏒߦ߅ߌࠆቬᢎߣߘߎߢ㐿ߐࠇࠆࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߣߩ㑐ଥࠍ⽎ᓽ⊛ߦ‛⺆ߞߡࠆ㧚ࠪࡖࡏࡦߦ߅ߡ㧘 ↸ߩ㐿ၮ߿ᢎળߘߩ߽ߩߩߺߥࠄߕ㧘ୃ㒮߿ቇᩞߣߞߚᣉ⸳ࠍਛᔃߣߒߚ↸ߩᱧผߪ㧘రߩᢎળߩᱧผߣ㊀ ߨวࠊߖߡ⠨߃ࠆߎߣ߇ኈᤃߢߞߚ㧚߆ߊߒߡࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߪ㧘ߚࠎߦ↸ߩᱧผࠍቇᓤ߿᳃߇ቇ߱ߣ߁ߩߺߥ ࠄߕ㧘ࠠࠬ࠻ᢎߣ߁ቬᢎ㧘ߘߩାઔߩὐߣߥࠆᢎળߣ↸ߩᚑࠅ┙ߜߣߩᷓ㑐ଥࠍᕁߎߐߖࠃ߁ߣߔࠆ ᄾᯏߣߥࠅ߃ߚߩߢࠆ㧚ߘߩߎߣࠍ㘈ߺࠆߣ߈㧘ᢎᢎળ߮ߘࠇߣኒធߥ㑐ଥߦߞߚࠪࡖࡏࡦᩞ߇ߎߩ ⒳ߩࠗࡧࠚࡦ࠻ࠍᒝߊᡰᜬߒߚߎߣߪᗐߦ㔍ߊߥߒ㧘ታ㓙ߘߩࠃ߁ߥ⚻✲ࠍߚߤߞߚߩߢࠆ㧚 వߦᒁ↪ߒߚࡠࡓࠫ߿࠙ࠖࡦ࠴ࠚࠬ࠲ߩࠃ߁ߥ㧘ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩ㐿⋡⊛߇ᢎળߣᷓߟߥ߇ࠅࠍߔࠆࠃ߁ߥ
ߪߦߒߡ߽㧘ࠪࡖࡏࡦࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩᚑഞߦ⸅⊒ߐࠇߚ↸ߩߥ߆ߦߪ㧘ర⡛⡯⠪߇ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻㐿 ᬺ㧘ߣࠅࠊߌߘߩ⊒᩺ߦ㑐ࠊߞߚࠤࠬ߇ߒ߫ߒ߫ߺߛߖࠆ㧚৻ޚᐕߦࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ࠍ㐿ߒߚ࠼ࡧࠔߩ ႐ว㧘ᱧผ⊛߆ߟℂ⊛ߦ↸ߩਛᔃߦ⟎ߔࠆᢎᢎળࡦ࠻ࡔࠕᢎળߩ⡛⡯⠪㧔ࡧࠖࠞ㧕ߢߞߚࡋࡦ ࡃ࠻ࡓ߇ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩታ⾰⊛ߥ⊒᩺⠪ߢߞߚ㧚ᓐߪ৻ޚ৾ᐕ৻ߦⶄᢙߩర⚕ߦࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻㐿ࠍឭ᩺ ߔࠆᛩᦠࠍነߖߚ㧚20೨ᐕ⑺ߦ࠼ࡧࠔㆬߩᐼ᳃㒮⼏ຬߣ߿ࠅߣࠅࠍ߅ߎߥߞߡߚߎߣࠍ␜ߔᢥᦠ߇ሽߔ ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘ࡃ࠻ࡓ߇రߩജ⠪ߚߜߩ⾥หࠍౝޘߦᓧߚ߁߃ߢర⚕ߦᛩᦠߒߚߎߣߪᗐߦ㔍ߊߥ㧚 21ߎߩᛩᦠࠍ߁ߌߡ㐿ߐࠇߚหᐕੑߩᏒ᳃㓸ળߦ߅ߡߪ㧘Ꮢᦠ⸥ቭࠨ࠙ࠜࠬ࠻ࡦࡁ࠶ࠞ߇ࡄࠫࠚ ࡦ࠻㐿ࠍឭ᩺ߒ㧘ߘࠇ߳ߩ⾥ᚑ⊒⸒ࠍࡃ࠻ࡓ߇߅ߎߥߞߡ㧘࠼ࡧࠔࠍߍߡߩ㐿߇ోળ৻⥌ߢ߹ߞ ߚ㧚㐿ᒰᣣߦࠛࡇ࠰࠼৻ߩਥᓎߢࠆࠕࠨ₺ࠍṶߓߚߩ߽ࡃ࠻ࡓߢߞߚ㧚22 ࠙ࠖࡦ࠴ࠚࠬ࠲มᢎ㧛ਥᢎߩ㇗ቛ߇ߞߚࠨᎺࡈࠔ࠽ࡓߢߩࠗࡧࠚࡦ࠻߽⥝ᷓ㧚ߎߩ↸ߢߪ৻৻ޚ ᐕߦ㐿ߐࠇߚࡈࠔ࠽ࡓᱧผࠛࡇ࠰࠭ߪ㧘ᢎ⡛⡯⠪ࡀࡧࠖ࡞ࡠࡧࠚ࠶࠻߇㧘⚳ᆎ㧘ਥዉ⊛ߥᓎഀࠍᨐߚ ߒߚࠗࡧࠚࡦ࠻ߢࠆ㧚ᓐߪߘߩ೨ᐕߦᢎᆔຬࠄߦ߈߆ߌߡ㧘ၞߩᵴേࠍᡰេߔࠆὐߣߥࠆᣉ⸳ޟ࠴ࡖ ࠴ࡂ࠙ࠬޠࠍᑪ⸳ߒߚ㧚23หᣉ⸳ߩ㐿㙚⸥ᔨⴕߣߒߡṶߒߚޟ࠲ࡉࡠޠࠍၮߦ㧘↸ߩᱧผࠍឬߚ ㊁ᄖࠍࡈࠔ࠽ࡓၔߩ․⸳ળ႐ߢṶߒߚߩ߇㧘ࡈࠔ࠽ࡓᱧผࠛࡇ࠰࠭ߢߞߚ㧚ᓐߪ㧘ޟᄖㇱ߆ࠄߩഥ ߌ㧘ࡊࡠߩഥߌࠍోߊฃߌߥ㧘ోߊߩࡠࠞ࡞ߥࠗࡧࠚࡦ࠻ޠߣߒߡ㧘ߎࠇࠍડ↹ㆇ༡ߒߚ㧚↸ߩ᳃߇↸ߩ ᱧผࠍታ㓙ߩᱧผ⊛ߥ႐ᚲ㧔ߎߩ႐วߪࡈࠔ࠽ࡓၔߣ߁࠙ࠖࡦ࠴ࠚࠬ࠲มᢎ㧛ਥᢎߩ㇗ቛߩᢝࠍળ႐ߣߒ ߚ㧕ߢṶߓࠆᱧผߢߞߚὐ߽⠨߃วࠊߖࠆߣ㧘ࡠࡧࠚ࠶࠻߇ޟࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ޠߣ߁⒓ࠍህ㧘ޟᱧผࠛࡇ࠰ ࠭ޠߣ߁⒓ߦߎߛࠊߞߚߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ㧘ߎߩࠗࡧࠚࡦ࠻ߪ߹ߐߒߊࡄࠞߩࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ℂᔨࠍࡄࠞ ⥄りߩࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻એߦᔘታߦౕൻߒߚ߽ߩߢߞߚ㧚24రߩ⡛⡯⠪߇ߺߕ߆ࠄบᧄࠍᦠߚὐߢ㧘ᢎળ߿⡛ ⡯⠪߇ࠬ࠻߿ਥᓎߩᄢඨࠍභࠆࠃ߁ߥ╭ᦠ߈ߦߥࠆὐߢߪㅀߩࡠࡓࠫߣૃߚࠃ߁ߥะ߇ࠄࠇ ࠆ㧚ߚߛ㧘ࡠࡓࠫߣࠊߕ߆ߦ⇣ߥߞߚශ⽎ࠍਈ߃ࠆߩߪ㧘⡛⡯⠪߇ਥᓎߣߥࠆ߽ߩએᄖߩࠛࡇ࠰࠼ߢߪ㧘࿖₺ ߥߤᡰ㈩⠪ࠃࠅ߽߽ߞ߬ࠄ↸ߩ᳃߇ਥᓎߣߒߡ⟎ߠߌࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߥࠛࡇ࠰࠼߇⋡ߦߟߊὐߢࠆ㧔ᧄⓂᧃ㧨 㧪ෳᾖ㧕㧚 రߩ⡛⡯⠪߿ᢎળ߇ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻㐿ߦ⋥ធ㑐ਈߒߚߩߪ㧘ߎߎ߹ߢߦㅀߴߡ߈ߚࠃ߁ߥ㐿ឭ᩺߿บᧄ㧘 ਥᓎߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆ㈩ᓎߛߌߢߪߥ߆ߞߚ㧚ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩ㐿ߦ㓙ߒߡߪ㧘రߩᢎળߢ․␞߇߅ߎߥࠊࠇߚ㧚ߎ ߩ␞ߪ㧘ዋߥߊߣ߽ࡄࠞ߇ߡ߇ߌߚࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ㧘ޟ⌀ߩࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߚࠆ߽ߩߪ㧘㐿೨ᓟߩᣣᦐ ߦାઔߩ႐㧔㐿ߩᢎળࠍᗧߔࠆ㧩⸶ᵈ㧕ߔߴߡߦ߅ߡ⋓ᄢߦ⸥ᔨ␞ࠍ߅ߎߥ߁ߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘㐿᐀ߒ㧘 㐽᐀ߔߴ߈ߢࠆޠߣ߁ᓐߩਥᒛߦߘߞߚ߽ߩߢߞߚ㧚25 ߚߣ߃߫࠼ࡧࠔߢߪ㧘㐿᐀ᣣ೨ᣣߩ৾ੑᣣ㧔ᣣᦐᣣ㧕㧘ࡦ࠻ࡔࠕᢎળߢ․␞߇߅ߎߥࠊࠇߚ㧚 ߎߩ␞ߢߪ㧘࠼ࡧࠔᏒ㐳߿Ꮢ⼏ࠍߪߓߣߔࠆᏒߩജ⠪߇࠲࠙ࡦࡎ࡞ߦ㓸วߒߚߩߜߦᢎળߦߘࠈߞ ߡෳౝߒ㧘ࡉࠬ࠻࡞ᄢ⡛ၴ߆ࠄ⡛⡯⠪߇߆ࠇߡ⺑ᢎࠍ߅ߎߥߞߚ㧚26ߘߒߡ㧘㐽᐀ᣣ⠉ᣣߩᣣᦐߦ߽㧘หߓ ࡦ࠻ࡔࠕᢎળߢࠪࡖࡏࡦᩞߩᩞ㐳࠙ࠚࠬ࠻ࠦ࠶࠻ࠍߚ․␞߇߅ߎߥࠊࠇߚ㧚27৻ޚᐕߩ࡛ ࠢࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߦ㓙ߒߡ߽㧘㐿᐀೨ᣣߩᣣᦐߦ࡛ࠢᄢ⡛ၴߢᏒౝᄖߩജ⠪߿ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻㑐ଥ⠪߇ෳߒߚ⸥ᔨ ␞߇ⴕߐࠇߚ㧚ߘߎߢߪ㧘ࡉࠬ࠻࡞ਥᢎߦࠃࠆ․⺑ᢎߣ࡛ࠢᄢਥᢎߦࠃࠆ⑄㧘ߐࠄߦᄢ⡛ၴว໒࿅ߦ ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩߚߦ✬ᚑߐࠇߚว໒࿅ߣࠝࠤࠬ࠻߇ടࠊߞߡᭉᦛ߿⾥⟤߇ᄼߢࠄࠇߚ㧚28 ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻㐿೨ᓟߩ␞ߦ㑐ߒߡ⸒߃߫㧘రߩ࿖ᢎળ㑐ଥ⠪ߩࠗࡧࠚࡦ࠻߳ߩᷓ㑐ਈߩߺߥࠄߕ㧘ߘߩઁ ߩቬᵷ߇ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߦኻߒߡߣߞߚᆫߦ߽ᵈ⋡ߔߴ߈ߢࠈ߁㧚࠼ࡧࠔߩ႐ว㧘Ꮢౝߩࡔ࠰࠺ࠖࠬ࠻ᵷߩᢎ ળ߽㐿᐀೨ᣣߩᄕᣇ߆ࠄࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻㐿ࠍ߭߆߃ߚᣣᦐ␞ࠍ߅ߎߥߞߚ㧚29࡛ࠢߩߪߐࠄߦ⥝ᷓ㧚ᄢ ⡛ၴߢ⸥ᔨ␞߇߅ߎߥࠊࠇߚߩߣᣣࠍหߓߊߒߡ㧘หߩࠞ࠻࠶ࠢᢎળ㧔ࡦ࠻࠙ࠖ࡞ࡈ࠶࠼ᢎળ㧕ߢ߅ ߎߥࠊࠇߚ␞ߢᰴߩࠃ߁ߥ⺑ᢎ߇ߞߚߣర⚕߇ႎߓߡࠆ㧚ߘࠇߪ㧘ࠞ࠻࠶ࠢᢎળߩೋᦼߩᱧผߪ᭽ޘߥ ᱧผߩ᧪ߣߟߥ߇ߞߡࠆ߇㧘ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩบᧄࠍᦠߚੱߚߜߪߎࠇࠄߩߎߣࠍ㕖Ᏹߦᱜ⏕ߦᛒߞߚ㧘ࠃ ߞߡࠞ࠻࠶ࠢᢎળߩᱧผࠍ⋡ߩᒰߚࠅߦߢ߈ࠆ߽ߩߢࠆ߆ࠄ㧘ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ࠍߗ߭ࠆࠃ߁ᒝߊ൘ࠆ㧘ߣ߁
߽ߩߢߞߚ㧚30ߎߩ߶߆㧘㐿ඨᐕ೨ߩߢࠆ߇㧘ࡦࠞࠬ࠲ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻㧔৻৻ਃᐕ㧕ߦ㓙ߒߡ߽㧘Ꮢ ⴝߦࠆ㕖࿖ᢎ♽ቬᵷߩ␞ߢ㧘ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻߇ᱧผࠍᢎ߃ࠆᚻᴺߣߒߡఝࠇߡࠆߎߣࠍ⡛⡯⠪߇ᒝ⺞ߒߚߣႎ ߓࠄࠇߚ㧚31 ྾㧚ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߣቬᢎ⊛⸒ㄉ ߎߎ߹ߢߺߡ߈ߚࠃ߁ߥᢎળߣࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߣߩ㑐ଥߦട߃ߡ㧘ᦨᓟߦ㧘ߘࠇߣߪߩᰴరߢߺߛߖࠆቬᢎ⊛ⷐ ⚛ߣࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߣߩ㑐ଥߦߟߡᚻ⍴ߦ⸒ߒߡߺߚ㧚 ࠙ࠖ࠶ࠪࡦ࠻ࡦߦࠇ߫㧘㐿᐀೨ߣ㐽᐀ᓟߦᢎળߢ⸥ᔨ␞ࠍ߅ߎߥ߁ߴ߈ߛߣਥᒛߒߚࡄࠞߪ㧘ࡄࠫࠚࡦ ࠻ߘߩ߽ߩࠍޟ㐿ㇺᏒߩㆊߩᩕశߣߩ❥ᩕࠍో⢻ߥࠆߦᗵ⻢ߔࠆᄢ⑂ߩ৻ㇱߢࠆޠߣਥᒛߒߚߣ߁㧚 32ታ㓙㧘ࡄࠞߪቬᢎ⊛⸒ㄉࠍ↪ߡ㧘ฦߢࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ℂᔨࠍ⺆ߞߡߚ㧚ߚߣ߃߫㧘৻ޚ৾ᐕੑߩ࠼ ࡧࠔߢߩᏒ᳃㓸ળߢ߽㧘Ṷ⺑ߩ✦ߊߊࠅߦㄭߣߎࠈߢ㧘ࡄࠞߪᰴߩࠃ߁ߥߢ⡬ⴐߩࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻߳ߩ ᾲᗧࠍ߆߈ߚߡࠃ߁ߣߒߚ㧚33
ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߪ㧘⾨⾥ߣᗵ⻢ࠍߐߐߍࠆ㧘ቬᢎ⊛ߥᄢ⑂ a great religious festival ߛ㧚⥄ಽߩవ߇ᚢ߁̆ ൎߟߦߖࠃ㧘⽶ߌࠆߦߖࠃ̆ᆫࠍ㧘ߘ߁ߒߚᚢߢߩൎ߿ᢌർࠍߎ߃ߡ⥄↱ߣ❥ᩕߣᐘࠍ੨ฃߔࠆㇹߩ ↸߇ߢ߈ߡߊࠆߩࠍࠆߎߣߦߥࠆߛࠈ߁㧚ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߪ㧘ᩕశߩㆊߣ㗎ᒝߥߣᏗᦸߦ߰ࠇࠆᧂ᧪ࠍ⾨ ⾥ߒ㧘ᗵ⻢ࠍߐߐߍࠆ⑂ߛ㧚 ࠈࠎ㧘ࡄࠞ߇↪ߚࠃ߁ߥቬᢎ⊛⸒ㄉߪ㧘೨┨ߢ⚫ߒߚࠃ߁ߥࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻㐿೨ᓟߩ␞ߢߩ⡛⡯⠪ߦ ࠃࠆ⺑ᢎߣᔅߕߒ߽หߓᕈ⾰ߩ߽ߩߢߪߥ㧚ኈᤃߦᗐߢ߈ࠆߣ߅ࠅ㧘⡛⡯⠪ߪ㧘ᱧผࠍ࿁㘈ߔࠆߎߣߩ㊀ⷐᕈ ࠍቬᢎ⊛ߥⷰὐ߆ࠄᒝ⺞ߒߚ߽ߩߩ㧘ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߣ߁ࠗࡧࠚࡦ࠻ߘߩ߽ߩࠍቬᢎ⊛⸒ㄉࠍ↪ߡᒻኈߒ㧘⺆ࠆߎ ߣߪߥ߆ߞߚ㧚ߚߣ߃߫㧘࠼ࡧࠔࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩ㐿᐀․␞㧔৻ޚᐕ㧕ߢߪࡉࠬ࠻࡞ᄢ⡛ၴෳળຬ ࠹࠻߇߆ࠇߡ⺑ᢎࠍ߅ߎߥߞߚ㧚ᓐߪ㧘߹ߕᓤ⸒ⴕ㍳㧔ੑ┨㧕߆ࠄ⺑߈ߎߒߡ㧘ฎઍࡠࡑߩࠞࠛࠨ ࡞ߦࠃࠆࡉ࠹ࡦፉଚ߆ࠄ৻৾♿߹ߢߩ࠼ࡧࠔߩᱧผࠍ⺑ߒ㧘ᰴߩࠃ߁ߦ⛯ߌߚ㧚34 ߎߩฎ߈↸ߦ㧘ߩ㧘ஜోߥࠆ❥ᩕ㧘⌀ߩ೨ㅜࠆᧂ᧪߇⼾߆ߦࠅ߹ߔࠃ߁ߦ㧚ߘߒߡ㧘ࡄࠫࠚࡦ ࠻ߘߩ߽ߩ߇㧘ߘߩ⸽㧘ߘߩ੍๔ߣߥࠆߪߕߢࠆ㧔ਛ⇛㧕ߘࠇ㧔ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻㧩⸶ᵈ㧕ߪࠊࠇࠊࠇ ⊝ߦߣߞߡ㧘ᢎ⸠ߣߥࠆᱧผߩታߢࠅ㧘ߘߩ㊀ⷐᕈߪߒߡุቯߢ߈ߥ㧚ߥߗߥࠄ㧘᳇㜞ߊ߽⸒ࠊࠇߡ߈ ߚࠃ߁ߦ㧘ᱧผߪޟ⇇ߩ⸥ᙘޠߢࠅ㧘⇇ߩᱜߒ⸃㉼ߪߚߛ৻ߟ㧘ਥࠗࠛࠬߦࠆ߆ࠄߛ㧚 ߹ߚ㧘࡛ࠢࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻㧔৻ޚᐕ㧕ߩ㓙ߒߡ߅ߎߥࠊࠇߚ․␞ߢ⺑ᢎࠍ߅ߎߥߞߚࡉࠬ࠻࡞ਥᢎࡉ ࠙ࡦߪ㧘ࠗࠩࡗᦠ㧔৻┨ߩ౨㗡㧕ߩ৻▵ࠍᒁ↪ߒߡޟߺߕ߆ࠄߩㆊޠࠍᝄࠅࠆߎߣߩᗧ⟵ࠍ⺆ࠅ㧘ߘߎ߆ ࠄࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߦ⸒ߒߡ㧘உᄢߥㇺᏒߩஉᄢߥㆊࠍ↸ߩੱ߮ߣ⥄り߇Ṷߓࠆߎߣߩ㊀ⷐᕈࠍജ⺑ߒߚ㧚35 ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘ࡄࠞߥߤડ↹ታോ⠪ߣ⡛⡯⠪ߢߪోߊᕈ⾰߇⇣ߥࠆ߽ߩߩ㧘␠ળ⊛ࠗࡦࡄࠢ࠻ߩⷰὐ߆ࠄߔࠇ ߫㧘ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߪቬᢎ⊛⸒ㄉߢ߽ߞߡ⺆ࠄࠇ㧘ᓀࠄࠇߡߚߣ߃ࠆ㧚ઁᣇߢ㧘ᒰߩࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻߇ᬺਥ⟵⊛ߥࠗ ࡧࠚࡦ࠻ߣߒߡߒ߫ߒ߫಄᷆ߥⷞ✢ࠍะߌࠄࠇߡߚߎߣ߽ᗐߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆߛࠈ߁㧚36⡛⡯⠪ߪߦߒߡ㧘ࡄ ࠞߥߤࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ࠍਥዉߒߚੱ‛߇↪ߚቬᢎ⊛⸒ㄉߦߪ㧘ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ࠍᬺਥ⟵⊛ࠗࡧࠚࡦ࠻ߣߒߡᛕ್ߔ ࠆേ߈ߦኻߔࠆᑯߣߒߡߩᗧ߽ߦ߅ࠊߖࠆ㧚ዋߥߊߣ߽㧘ศ㊁߇⊛⏕ߦᜰ៰ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ࠍߣࠅ߹ ߊ࠻࠶ࠢߪ㧘ߘߩᬺਥ⟵⊛㕙߆ࠄੱ߮ߣߩ⋡ࠍㅺࠄߔࠃ߁ߦᯏ⢻ߒߡߚߩߢࠆ㧚37
㧚ߔ߮ߦ߆߃ߡ ࡄࠞ߇ߡ߇ߌߚ߽ߩߢࠆ߆ุ߆㧘߹ߚరߩ࿖ᢎળ⡛⡯⠪߇⊒᩺ߒߚ߽ߩߢࠆ߆ุ߆ࠍࠊߕ̆ߐࠄߦ ߪ㕖࿖ᢎ♽ቬᵷ߽ߡ̆రߩᱧผࠍឬߊࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߦరߩቬᢎੱߪⓍᭂ⊛ߥᆫࠍ␜ߒߚ㧚వߦㅀߴߚߣ߅ ࠅ㧘ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߦ㑐ࠊࠅ߁ߎߣߪ㧘ߘߩḰᬺߣߒߡή⛎ߢ̆ታ㓙ߦߪߒ߫ߒ߫ᔅⷐ⚻⾌ߩࠃ߁ߥᒻߩ߽ߩ߇ ᡰᛄࠊࠇࠆߎߣ߽ᄙ߆ߞߚ߇̆ⵝ߿ౕ㘃ࠍߔࠆߎߣ㧘ᱧผߩੱ‛᳃ⴐࠍṶߓࠆᓎ⠪ߣߒߡߦṶߔ ࠆߎߣ㧘ⷰቴߣߒߡળ႐ࠍ⸰ࠇࠆߎߣߩߕࠇߩⷰὐ߆ࠄ߽㧘ࠊࠁࠆࡧࠖࠢ࠻ࠕᅚ₺ᴦߩวℂ⊛ᇅᭉࠍᗐ ߐߖࠆ㘃ߩᥜᵴേߢߞߚߣ߃ࠆ㧚ᒰᤨߩᢎળ߇ᄙߊߩੱ߮ߣࠍᗖ߈ߟߌࠆߚߦᓐࠄߩ㕖ഭᤨ㑆ߦⓍᭂ⊛ ߦࠅㄟ߽߁ߣߒߚߣߔࠇ߫㧘ੑޚ♿ೋ㗡ߩฦߢߩࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߪ㧘ቬᵷߩࠍ߃ߡ㧘㐿ᗧ⟵ࠍ㧘ෳ↹ ߔࠆߎߣࠍ൘ࠄࠇࠆ㧘߹ߚ㧘ߘ߁ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡᢎળߥߒ⡛⡯⠪ߣੱ߮ߣߣߩធὐࠍჇ߿ߔߎߣࠍㄟࠆ ࠃ߁ߥ㧘ၞࠗࡧࠚࡦ࠻ߛߞߚߩߢࠆ㧚38 ታ㓙ߩߣߎࠈ㧘ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߣቬᢎߩ㑆ߦߪᄙ᭽ߥࡌ࡞ߢߩታ⊛߆ߟℂᔨ⊛㑐ଥ߇ሽߒߚߣ߃ࠆ㧚ߘࠇ߇ ၞ␠ળߩߥ߆ߢߩߐ߹ߑ߹ߥኂߣ߽⛊ߺว߁ߎߣߢ㧘ၞࠗࡧࠚࡦ࠻ߣߒߡߩࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻߇㐿ߐࠇߚߣ߁ ߴ߈ߢࠈ߁㧚ࡄࠞ߇߁ࠃ߁ߥޟࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߘߩ߽ߩߩቬᢎᕈޠߪ㧘⥄ಽߩຠߦ㑐ߔࠆ⧓ⴚ⊛ᔒะࠍ⸒ ߔࠆ߽ߩ߆߽ߒࠇߥ߇㧘ઁᣇߢࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ᛕ್ߦኻ᛫ߔࠆࡊࡠࡕ࠲ߣߒߡߩ࠻࠶ࠢߣߒߡߩᗧ߽シⷞ ߢ߈߹㧚ታ㓙㧘ትવ߿ᐢ๔ߦࠃߞߡ㧘࿖ౝᄖ߆ࠄᄙߊߩⷰቴࠍᒁ߈ነߖ㧘ߘߩኋᴱ߿㘶㘩㧘↥‛߿⸥ᔨຠߩ⾼ ߦࠃߞߡၞ⚻ᷣߦᅢᓇ㗀ࠍ߷ߔߪߕߛߣ⠨߃㧘ᣂ⡞ႎ߿೨ⴕߥߤߦࠃߞߡߘߩࠃ߁ߥᦼᓙᗵࠍၞ␠ ળߦ㉯ᚑߒࠃ߁ߔࠆߎߣߦ㧘ਥ⠪ߪ㐿ḰߩᲑ㓏߆ࠄᾲᔃߢߞߚ㧚ߘߩ⸒⺑ߩᬺਥ⟵⊛ߥߒ⚻ᷣ⥋ਥ ⟵⊛ᕈᩰࠍ⭯ࠆߚߦ߽㧘ቬᢎ⊛⸒ㄉߣᢎળ㑐ଥ⠪ߦࠃࠆታ㓙ߩቬᢎⴕߪᄢ߈ߥᗧࠍᜬߞߚߩߢࠆ㧚 ᒰߩᢎળ㑐ଥ⠪߇ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻㐿ߦ⚻ᷣ⊛ᓧࠍᦼᓙߔࠆੱ߮ߣߣ⻎㑐ଥߦߞߚߣ⸃ߔࠆߩߪ㧘߿߿߁߇ߞ ߚᣇ߆߽ߒࠇߥ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘ᒰᤨߩᣇㇺᏒߦ߅ߌࠆ⡛⡯⠪ߪ㧘ㇺᏒߩࠟࡧࠔ࠽ࡦࠬࠍ⏕ߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆㇺᏒࠛ ࠻ጀߩ৻ຬߢ߽ߞߚ㧚߹ߐߒߊਥⷐߥㇺᏒࠛ࠻ߣߒߡ㧘⡛⡯⠪ߪ㧘ࠊ߫ଶߩ㗔ၞߦࠆ̆ߒ߆߽ ᬺਥ⟵⊛༡ὑߢࠆߣߒߡᛕ್ߐࠇࠆ߶ߤߩ̆ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߥࠆၞࠗࡧࠚࡦ࠻ߦⓍᭂ⊛ߦ㑐ਈߒߚߩߢࠆ㧚39ߒ ߫ߒ߫ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻㐿ߩ⊒᩺ߥߤਥዉ⊛ᓎഀࠍరߩ⡛⡯⠪߇ോߚߎߣߦߟߡ⠨߃ࠆߣ߈㧘ᧄⓂ౨㗡ߦㅀߴߚ ࠃ߁ߥޟᢎળ㔌ࠇޠ߳ߩෂᯏᗵߩሽߦࠊߖߡ㧘ߘ߁ߒߚ⡛⡯⠪ߩㇺᏒ␠ળߦ߅ߌࠆ⟎ߠߌ߽シⷞߢ߈ߥߛ ࠈ߁㧚 ᧄⓂߢߪ㧘ੑޚ♿ೋ㗡ߩࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ࡉࡓ̆ߘߩ߁ߜߩᢙߩࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߦ⸒ߔࠆߦߣߤ߹ߞߚ߇̆ࠍߣ ߅ߒߡ㧘ᒰᤨߩࠗࠡࠬㇺᏒ␠ળߦ߅ߌࠆቬᢎߥߒᢎળߩࠅ߆ߚࠍ⠨߃ߡߺߚ㧚ታߩߣߎࠈ㧘ߎߩ╙৻ᰴ⇇ ᄢᚢ೨ߩࡉࡓߣኻᲧߔࠆᒻߢ㧘ᚢᓟߔߥࠊߜᚢ㑆ᦼߩࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ࡉࡓߣቬᢎߣߩ㑐ࠊࠅ߆ߚߦ⌕⋡ߔࠆߎߣ ߦࠃߞߡ㧘ੑޚ♿೨ඨߦⷞ㊁ࠍᐢߍߚ⠨ኤ߇น⢻ߣߥࠆ߇㧘ߘࠇߦߟߡߪⓂࠍᡷߡ⺰ߓߚ㧚 ̪ᧄⓂߪ㧘ᐔᚑ㧝㧥㨪㧞㧞ᐕᐲ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⾌ഥ㊄㧔ၮ⋚⎇ⓥ㧔㧮㧕ޟㄭઍൻㆊ⒟ߦ߅ߌࠆቬᢎߩౣᵴᕈൻߩᲧセ ผ⊛⎇ⓥޠ㧕ߦࠃࠆ⎇ⓥᚑᨐߩ৻ㇱߢࠆ㧚
㧨㧪 䊨䊛䉳䊷䊶䊌䉳䉢䊮䊃䋨䋱䋹䋰䋷ᐕ䋩 㩷 ࠛࡇ࠰࠼㩷 ♿㩷 ࠛࡇ࠰࠼ߩⷐ㩷 㧝㩷 㧝㧜♿㩷 ࠛ࠼ࡢ࠼㐳ఱ₺ߦࠃࠆୃ㒮ߩഃ⸳㩷 㧞㩷 㧝㧜♿㩷 ࠺ࡧࠜࡦષߩᆷࠛ࡞ࡈ࠳ࠍߋߞߡࠛ࡞࠙ࠜ࡞࠼ࠍ⻎Ვߒߚࠛ࠼ࠟ߇㧘⿏⟋ߩߚ ߦୃ㒮ࠍౣᑪߔࠆ㩷 㧟㩷 㧝㧜♿㩷 ࠺ࡦੱߩⷅ᧪ߢୃ㒮߇⎕უߐࠇࠆ㩷 㧠㩷 㧝㧝♿㩷 ୃ㒮ߢᢎ⢒ࠍฃߌߡߚࠬࠦ࠶࠻ࡦ࠼₺ߩᆷࠛ࠺ࠖࠬ߇ࠗࡦࠣࡦ࠼₺ሶࡋࡦ 㧔ߩߜࡋࡦ㧝㧕ߣ⚿ᇕߔࠆ㩷 㧡㩷 㧝㧞♿㩷 ᅚሶୃ㒮㐳ࡔࠕߩ⸃છ㩷 㧢㩷 㧝㧡♿㩷 ᅚሶୃ㒮㐳ࠛࠩࡌࠬߩㄉછߣౣㆬ㩷 㧣㩷 㧝㧢♿㩷 ୃ㒮ߩ⸃ᢔ㧚ࡧࠖࠞߣ↸߇ᑪ‛ࠍ⾈ขࠅ㧘⎕უࠍࠇࠆ㩷 㧤㩷 㧝㧣♿㩷 ↸ߦ഼⸵ࠍਅ⾦ߒߚ࿖₺ࠫࠚࡓ࠭㧝ߩ᧪⸰㩷 㧥㩷 㧝㧣♿㩷 ౝੂᦼߦ₺ౄᵷߩ৻ὐߣߥߞߚ↸ߩߪߕࠇߢߩ⼏ળァߣߩⴣ⓭㩷 㧝㧜㩷 㧝㧣♿㩷 ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦ߳⼔ㅍߐࠇࠆ࿖₺࠴ࡖ࡞࠭㧝߇↸ࠍㅢㆊߔࠆ㩷 䉡䉞䊮䉼䉢䉴䉺䊶䊅䉲䊢䊅䊦䊶䊌䉳䉢䊮䊃䋨䋱䋹䋰䋸ᐕ䋩㩷 㩷 ࠛࡇ࠰࠼㩷 ♿㩷 ࠛࡇ࠰࠼ߩⷐ㩷 㧝㩷 㧥♿㩷 ࠕ࡞ࡈ࠶࠼㧔ߩߜᄢ₺㧕ߩዋᐕᤨઍ߆ࠄᴦ߹ߢ㩷 㧞㩷 㧝㧝♿㩷 ⊞Ꮲࠞ࠻߇ᆄࠛࡑߣߣ߽ߦၔ㩷 㧟㩷 㧝㧝♿㩷 ࠙ࠖࠕࡓ㧝ᦼ㧘࠙ࠜ࡞ࠝࡈ߇⻎⇛ߦࠃࠅಣೃߐࠇࠆ㩷 㧠㩷 㧝㧞♿㩷 มᢎࡉࡠࡢߩࡋࡦ߿ࡋࡦ₺ሶ㧔ߩߜߩࡋࡦ㧝㧕߇⊓႐ߔࠆ₺ࠍߋࠆㅺ㩷 㧡㩷 㧝㧠♿㩷 มᢎࡢࠗࠞࡓߩ࠙ࠖࠕࡓ߇ᄢ⡛ၴࠍౣᑪߔࠆ㩷 㧢㩷 㧝㧢♿㩷 มᢎࡈࠜ࠶ࠢࠬߩ❣㩷 㧢㩷 㧝㧢♿㩷 ࡋࡦ㧤߇ࠞ࡞ 5 ࠍ᱑ᓙߔࠆ㩷 㧣㩷 㧝㧢♿㩷 ࡔࠕ㧝ߣࠬࡍࠗࡦߩࡈࠚࡍߩ⚿ᇕ㩷 㧤㩷 㧝㧣♿㩷 ࠨ࠙ࠜ࡞࠲ࡠ߇ㅒ⟋ߦࠊࠇࠆ㩷 㩷 㩷 䊐䉜䊷䊅䊛䊶ᱧผ䉣䊏䉸䊷䉵䋨䋱䋹䋳䋰ᐕ
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䋩 ࠛࡇ࠰࠼㩷 ♿㩷 ࠛࡇ࠰࠼ߩⷐ㩷 㧝㩷 㧝㧞♿㩷 มᢎࡉࡠࠕߩࠕࡦ߇ࡈࠔ࠽ࡓၔࠍ▽ߊ㩷 㧞㩷 㧝㧟♿㩷 ᳃ߦࠃࠆᒝജߥ⺧㗿ߦ߅ߐࠇߡ㧘࿖₺࡚ࠫࡦ߇Ꮢࠍ㐿ߊ഼⸵ࠍ⊒Ꮣߔࠆ㩷 㧟㩷 㧝㧡♿㩷 ࿖₺ࡋࡦ㧣ߩ㐳ሶࠕࠨ㧘ࡈࠔ࠽ࡓၔߦṛਛߩ᭽ሶ㩷 㧠㩷 㧝㧢♿㩷 ⋤⋡ߩมᢎ࠴ࡖ࠼ࡈࠜ࠶ࠢࠬߩ❣㩷 㧡㩷 㧝㧢♿㩷 ࠻ࡑࠬ࠙࡞ࠫߩ᧪⸰㧔ᗐߩߣߒߡ㧕㩷㧢㩷 㧝㧢♿㩷 ᅚ₺ࠛࠩࡌࠬ㧝㧘ࡈࠔ࠽ࡓၔߦṛਛߩ᭽ሶ㩷 㧣㩷 㧝㧣♿㩷 ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦ߳⼔ㅍߐࠇࠆㅜਛߩ࠴ࡖ࡞࠭㧝߇↸ߢ৻ᴱߔࠆ㩷 㧤㩷 㧝㧣♿㩷 ਥᢎ࡚ࠫࠫࡕߩ❣ߣ↸ߢߩࡔࠗ࠺ⴕ㩷 㧥㩷 㧝㧤♿㩷 ࿖₺࡚ࠫࠫ㧟ᦼߩ᳃ߩ᭽ሶߣ㧘࿖₺ߩ᧪⸰㩷 㧝㧜㩷 㧝㧥♿㩷 ਥᢎࠨࡑߩ❣㩷 ̪มᢎ㧛ਥᢎߪ㧘ࡈࠔ࠽ࡓၔࠍ㇗ߣߒߡߚ࠙ࠖࡦ࠴ࠚࠬ࠲มᢎ㧛ਥᢎߢࠆ㧚 *ᧄⓂၫ╩ᤨὐߢߪ㧘㧝㧥㧝㧜ᐕ㐿ᤨߩบᧄࠍᧂߢߞߚߩߢ㧘ߘߩౣṶߣߐࠇࠆ㧝㧥㧟㧜ᐕߩบᧄߢ⏕ߢ ߈ࠆౝኈࠍឝߒߚ㧚
1 ߚߣ߃߫㧘J. Obelkevich, 'Religion' in F.M.L.Thompson (ed.), The Cambridge Social History of Britain
1750-1950, vol. 3, Cambridge, 1990; H. McLeod, Religion and Society in England, 1850-1914, New York, 1996; D.A. Reid, 'Playing and Praying', in M. Daunton (ed.), Cambridge Urban History of Britain, III, London, 2000; ጟஜᰴޡㄭઍࠗࠡࠬߩ␠ળߣᢥൻޢࡒࡀ࡞ࡧࠔᦠᚱ㧘2002 ᐕ㧘ߥߤࠍෳᾖ㧚
2 㧯ࡑࠪࡘ✬㧔ำႦ⋥㓉⋙⸶㧕ޡࠝ࠶ࠢࠬࡈࠜ࠼ ࡉ࠹ࡦ⻉ፉߩᱧผޢᘮᙥ⟵Ⴖᄢቇ ળ㧘ੑޚޚᐕ㧘
╙┨㧘ߣߊߦੑ৾ਃ㨪ੑੑ㗁㧚ࠗࠡࠬ␠ળߦ߅ߌࠆޟࠠࠬ࠻ᢎߩᱫޠߦߟߡߪ㧘৻ޚᐕઍ߇↹ᦼߢ ࠆߣߔࠆജߥ⼏⺰߇ࠆ㧚C.G. Brown, The Death of Christian Britain, Abindon, 2001.
3 ߚߣ߃߫㧘࠙ࠚࠗࠢߥߤ㧘ర᧪㧘ቬᢎߣߩߟߥ߇ࠅࠍ߽ߞߡߚⴕ߇ߣ߈ߦᆫ߆ߚߜࠍᄌ߃ߟߟ߽ⴕࠊࠇࠆ ߞ߸߁ߢ㧘ࠨ࠶ࠞߩࠃ߁ߦㄭઍ⊛ߥ࡞࡞ࠍ߃ߚࠬࡐ࠷ߥߤߦᢎળ߇㑐ਈߔࠆ߽ߞߚ㧚Reid, op.cit., ߥߤ㧚 4 ߣߊߦ╙৻ᰴᄢᚢ೨ߩࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ࡉࡓߦߟߡ㧘᜕Ⓜޟၞࠗࡧࠚࡦ࠻ߣߒߡߩޟࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ޠߩᵹⴕ̆ੑ ޚ♿ೋ㗡ࠗࡦࠣࡦ࠼ߩ߆ࠄ̆ޠޡੱᢥ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥޢ㧔㜞⍮ᄢቇੱᢥቇㇱੱ㑆ᢥൻቇ⑼㧕৻྾ภ㧘ੑޚޚ৾ᐕ㧧 หޟࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ࡉࡓߦߺࠆᣇㇺᏒߣၞࠗࡧࠚࡦ࠻̆࠼ࡧࠔࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻㧔৻ޚᐕ㧕ߩ߆ࠄ̆ޠ ޡᶏධผቇޢ྾৾ภ㧘ੑޚޚᐕ㧚 5 ߚߛߒ㧘ⵝߥߤߩ⾌߿ࠆ⒳ߩੱઙ⾌ߪ㧘ᔅⷐ⚻⾌ߩࠃ߁ߥᒻߢᐞ߫ߊ߆ߩ߅㊄߇ᡰᛄࠊࠇࠆߎߣ߇ᄙ߆ ߞߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩṶ⠪ᢙ㧔ᑧߴੱᢙߢߥߊታᢙ㧕ߪ㧘ዊⷙᮨߩ߽ߩߢᢙ⊖ੱ㧘ᄢ߈ߥㇺᏒߢⴕࠊࠇࠆ߽ ߩߛߣᢙජੱߦߞߚ㧚ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘᳃߇⥄⊒⊛ߦ㧚㧚㧚㧚ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻㐿ᬺߦෳ↹ߔࠆߎߣߪ㧘ᓟߦㅀߴࠆࠃ߁ߥࡄ ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ℂᔨߩਥⷐㇱಽߢ߽ߞߚ㧚 6 ޡࡉ࠲࠾ࠞ⊖⑼ౖޢ㧔৻৻৻ᐕ 㧕ߩ"pageant"ࠍ⸃⺑ߔࠆ㗄⋡ߦ߽ࠄ߆ߥࠃ߁ߦ㧘ᧄⓂߢߣࠅߍࠆࡄ ࠫࠚࡦ࠻߇ᣂߚߦޟഃㅧޠߐࠇߚࠗࡧࠚࡦ࠻ߢࠆߣ߁⼂ߪ㧘หᤨઍߔߥࠊߜࡉࡓߩߐߥ߆ߦ߽ሽߒߚ㧚 Encyclopaedia Britannica: a Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information (eleventh edition), Vol.XX, New York, 1911, pp.450-451.
7 ߎߎߢߪ㧘࿖ᢎળ߿㕖࿖ᢎฦቬᵷߥߤᣢሽߩቬᢎߪ߽ߣࠃࠅ㧘ᡆૃቬᢎ⊛ߥ␠ળ⊛ⷐ⚛߿ቬᢎ⊛ᔃᕈࠍ␜ໂߔࠆ
࠻࠶ࠢߦߚࠆ߹ߢ㧘ࠃࠅᐢ▸ߥᗧࠍޟቬᢎޠߣ߁⺆ߦ߽ߚߖߡ⠨߃ࠆ㧚
8 ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦߢ㐿ߐࠇߚࠗࡦࠣࡦ࠼ᢎળࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻㧔৻ޚᐕ㧕߿㒽ァࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻㧔৻৻ޚᐕ㧕ߪ㧘ࡄࠫࠚ
ࡦ࠻ࡉࡓߩᵹࠇߦਸ਼ߞߚࠗࡧࠚࡦ࠻ߢࠅߥ߇ࠄ߽㧘ᄖ⊛ߥߢߞߚ㧚
9 A. Yoshino, 'The Edwardian Historical Pageant', unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004, pp.190-202.
10 Romsey Millenary Celebration: the Book of the Words and Music, Romsey, 1907. 11 Yoshino, op.cit., p.195.
12 ࠙ࠖࡦ࠴ࠚࠬ࠲ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩ㐿ߦߟߡ߽㧘ศ㊁೨ឝ⺰ᢥߦߒ㧚Yoshino, op.cit., pp.227-248.
13 Dover Express and East Kent News, 3 July, 1908, p.8. 㧔એਅ㧘ห⚕ߪ "DEEKN" ߣ⇛⸥ߔࠆ㧚㧕
14 The Bury St. Edmund's Pageant, Bury, 1907.
15 ߽ߞߣ߽㧘ߎࠇࠄੑߟߩࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ࠍߒߚࡄࠞߪ㧘ผታߣผታߢߥ߽ߩߩࠍߪߞ߈ࠅߐߖࠆߴ߈ ߢࠆߣਥᒛߒ㧘ታ㓙ߦࠛࡇ࠰࠼ߩ⸃⺑ߥߤߦߪߘߩᣦ㧘␜ߒߡߚ㧚 16 ᜕Ⓜޟੑޚ♿ೋ㗡ࠗࡦࠣࡦ࠼ߩᣇㇺᏒߦ߅ߌࠆᱧผࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߦߺࠆァ⧷㓶ޠޡ⧷㓶ߩ᧦ઙ̆ㄭઍ࡛ ࡠ࠶ࡄߦ߅ߌࠆァ⧷㓶ⷰߩዷ㐿̆ޢ㧔㧞㧜㧜㧢ᐕᐲ㨪㧞㧜㧜㧤ᐕᐲ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⾌ഥ㊄㧔ၮ⋚⎇ⓥ㧔B)㧕⎇ⓥᚑ ᨐႎ๔ᦠ㧕㧘㧞㧜㧜㧥ᐕ㧘ᚲ㧚 17 ᜕Ⓜޟၞࠗࡧࠚࡦ࠻ߣߒߡߩޟࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ޠߩᵹⴕޠ㧘ਃ㧘ෳᾖ㧚 18 ᦨ⚳⊛ߦߪࡄࠞ⥄り߇㧘ੑޚᐕㄭߊᢎᏧߣߒߡㆊߏߒ㧘ቇᩞߩߺߥࠄߕၞ␠ળߩ㖸ᭉᵴേߦ߽ߚߕߐࠊߞ ߚ↸߆ࠄߩⷐ⺧ࠍฃ⻌ߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ߇㧘ࡄࠞߩᒰೋߩ᭴ᗐߩਥⷐㇱಽߪ㧘ߎߩᓟߩᄙߊߩࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߢ〯ⷅ ߐࠇᮨ୮ߐࠇࠆ㧚
19 C.P. Goodden, The Story of The Sherborne Pageant, Sherborne, 1906, p.12.
20 ᜕Ⓜޟࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ࡉࡓߦߺࠆᣇㇺᏒߣၞࠗࡧࠚࡦ࠻ޠ㧘ޚ㗁㧚
21 ᐼ᳃㒮⼏ຬ࡚ࠫࠫ࠙ࠖࡦ࠳ࡓ߇ࡃ࠻ࡓߦተߡߚᦠ◲ߦߪ㧘ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻㐿ߦߪ⾥ᚑߢ㧘ߢ߈ࠆ߆߉ࠅߩ
ޚᐕ৻৻ੑᣣઃߌ࠙ࠖࡦ࠳ࡓ߆ࠄࡃ࠻ࡓߡᦠ◲㧕.ߎߩߎߣߪᣂ⡞ᛩᦠ߆ࠄᏒ᳃㓸ળ߹ߢߩ৻ㅪߩᣣ⒟ ߣ╓วߔࠆ㧚 22 ߽ߞߣ߽㧘⿒ሼᡰࠍߋߞߡ⚗♾ߒߚ㐽᐀ᓟߩௌോ⠪㓸ળߢߪ㧘ᓐ߇ᔅߕߒ߽ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻㐿ᬺߩਛᩭߦ ⟎ߒߡߚࠊߌߢߪߥ߆ߞߚߎߣ߇߁߆߇߃ࠆ㧚৻ޚᐕ৻ੑߩௌോ⠪㓸ળߢࡃ࠻ࡓߪ㧘⥄ಽߪታⴕᆔຬ ળߩࡔࡦࡃߢࠆ߽ߩߩ㧘ᡰႎ๔߇ឭߐࠇߚߣ߁ታⴕᆔຬળߩળวߦ㓸ߐࠇߚⷡ߃ߪߥߒ㧘หႎ๔ߘ ߩ߽ߩ߽ᣂ⡞ႎߢೋߡ⍮ߞߚ㧘ߣ⊒⸒ߒߚ߆ࠄߢࠆ㧚DEEKN, 11 Dec., 1908, p.2.
23 E. Smith, Edwardian Farnham, Alton, 1979, pp.140-141.
24 ⊹⡺ߥߎߣߦ㧘ߎߩࠗࡧࠚࡦ࠻ߪᏋ㑆ߢޟࡈࠔ࠽ࡓࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ޠߣ߫ࠇߡߚ㧘ߣర⚕ߪႎߓߡࠆ㧚
Farnham, Haslemere & Hindhead Herald, the Alton Mail, 6 Aug., 1910, p.1.
25 R. Withington, English Pageantry, vol.2, New York, 1926, p.212. หᦠߦᒁ↪ߐࠇߚߩߪ৻৻ޚᐕߩࡄࠞ
ߦࠃࠆ⺰⺑ߢࠆ߇㧘ߘࠇએ೨ߩ࠼ࡧࠔࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻㐿ࠍቯߔࠆᏒ᳃㓸ળ㧔৻ޚ৾ᐕੑ㧕ߥߤߢ߽ หߓߎߣࠍㅀߴߡࠆ㧚DEEKN, 15 Feb., 1907, p.6. 26 DEEKN, 31 July, 1908, p.6. หᣣඦᓟ߆ࠄߪࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ળ႐ߢࠆ࠼ࡧࠔࠞ࠶ࠫߩࠣ࠙ࡦ࠼ߢ߽㧘࠼ ࡧࠔวหᗲදળ߇ડ↹ߒߚ․␞߇߅ߎߥࠊࠇߚ㧚 27 DEEKN, 7 Aug., 1908, p.6. ᓐߪ㧘ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻㐿߇ᴉṛߒߡߚࠪࡖࡏࡦߩ↸ࠍᵴ᳇ߠߌߚߎߣߦߟߡ ⺆ࠅ㧘࠼ࡧࠔߦ߽ห᭽ߩലᨐ߇߽ߚࠄߐࠇࠆߪߕߛߣㅀߴߚ㧚
28 Weekly Supplement to the Yorkshire Herald, 31 July, 1909, p.17.
29 Dover Times, 31 July, 1908, p.2.
30 Weekly Supplement to the Yorkshire Herald, 31 July, 1909, p.17. 31 Lancaster Observer, 14 Feb., 1913, p.6.
32 Withington, op.cit., p.212.
33 DEEKN, 15 Feb., 1907, p.6.
34 Dover Times, 31 July, 1908, p.2.
35 Weekly Supplement to the Yorkshire Herald, 31 July, 1909, p.17.
36 ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߣᬺਥ⟵ߩ㑐ଥߦߟߡߪ㧘Yoshino, op.cit, chap.3 ߦ✎ኒߥ⠨ኤ߇ࠆ㧚ศ㊁߇ᜰ៰ߔࠆߣ߅ࠅ㧘
ࡄࠞߪ⥄ಽએᄖߩࡑࠬ࠲ߦࠃࠆࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻߇Ꮺ߮ࠆᬺਥ⟵⊛ᕈᩰࠍᅢࠎߢᛕ್ߒߚ߇㧘ᓐ⥄りߩࡄࠫࠚࡦ ࠻߽චಽߦᬺਥ⟵⊛ߢߞߚ㧚 37 Yoshino, op.cit, pp.90-91. 38 ߜࠂ߁ߤหߓᤨᦼߩࠗࠡࠬฦߢ㐿ߐࠇߚඳⷩળห᭽㧘ࡄࠫࠚࡦ࠻߽ᣣᦐߪભṶߢߞߚ㧚ߘߩߎߣ߽㧘ฦ ቬᵷߩߎߩࠗࡧࠚࡦ࠻ߦኻߔࠆᆫߣዋߥ߆ࠄߕ㑐ଥ߇ߞߚߦ⋧㆑ߥ㧚 39 ㇺᏒࠗࡧࠚࡦ࠻ࠍߣ߅ߒߡߺߚㇺᏒࠛ࠻ጀߣㇺᏒߩࠟࡧࠔ࠽ࡦࠬߦߟߡߪ㧘ᰴߩ⺰Ⓜࠍෳᾖߩߎߣ㧚S.
Gunn, 'Ritual and Civic Culture in the English Industrial City, c. 1835-1914', in R.J. Morris and R.H. Trainor, (eds.), Urban Governance: Britain and Beyond since 1750, Aldershot, 2000; Id., The public culture of the Victorian middle class: ritual and authority and the English industrial city 1840-1914, Manchester, 2000.
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