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㸬ゎ
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㢟ㄽ
ㄽ⪃
⪃㸦
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࿌
ᑐ
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㎰ᮧ⏕ά◊✲ࡢ᪉ἲㄽࢆぢࡘࡵ࡚
̿ᏳಸᏊẶࡢ㎰ᐙᐙィ◊✲Ꮫࡪ̿
㣤ሯ 㔛ᜨᏊ
㸨Explore the Methodology of Rural Life Research
㸸
on Dr. Abe’s Report
Rieko IIZUKA
㸨In this report, we review the background and results of a study on the structure of modern farming household economy by Dr. Sumiko Abe, and explore the methodology of rural life research. The features of Dr. Abe’s research are the following two points. The first point is that Dr. Abe worked closely with life improvement extension workers to carry out a survey on a study of modern farming household economy. The issue arising from this feature is that it is important that research is linked to practice. The second point is that research was limited to full-time farmers. The issue arising from this feature is that it is necessary to focus not only on full-time farmers but also on other farmers.
[࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ]
⌧௦㎰ᐙࡢᐙィᵓ㐀◊✲ a study on the structure of modern farming household economy, ㎰ᮧ⏕ά⥲ྜ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ rural life research institute, ᪉ἲㄽ methodology 㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ ᅇ㸪Ⲩ樋㇏⦅㞟ጤဨ㛗ࡢᥦ࡛ᐇ⌧ࡋࡓᗙ ㄯ࡛ࡣ㸪㎰ᮧ⏕ά◊✲ࢆࡾ㏉ࡿ࠸࠺ࢸ࣮ ࣐࡛㸪ࡇࡢศ㔝ࡢ◊✲ࢆ≌ᘬࡋ࡚ࡇࡽࢀࡓ࠾ࡩ ࡓࡾࡢඛ⏕ࡽ㸪ྛ⮬ࡢ◊✲ෆᐜࡸ⫼ᬒࡀㄒࡽ ࢀࡓࠋ ࡑࡶࡑࡶ㸪ࡇࡢᗙㄯࡣ2 ᖺ๓ࡢ 2016 ᖺᗘ ⦅㞟ጤဨ⏬ࠕ⏕άᨵⰋᬑཬဨࡢᐇ㊶ࢆᨵࡵ ࡚ၥ࠸┤ࡍࠖ㸦᪥ᮏ㎰ᮧ⏕άᏛ㸦2017㸧㸧ᘬ ࡁ⥆ࡃ㸪➨ᙎࡋ࡚⏬ࡉࢀࡓ࠸࠺⤒⦋ࡀ ࠶ࡿࠋࡩࡓࡘࡢᗙㄯ⏬ࡢ㊃᪨ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣⲨ 樋ẶࡢࠕϨ㸬≉㞟⏬ࡢ㊃᪨ࠖヲࡋࡃ⤂ࡉ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ゎ㢟⪅࡞ࡾࡶ࠺୍ᗘᩚ⌮ࡋ࡚ࡳ ࢀࡤ㸪௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇࡔࡗࡓࠋ ๓ᅇࡢᗙㄯ࡛ࡣ㸪ࠕ୰㛗ᮇࣅࢪࣙࣥࠖࡢ௦㸪 ࡘࡲࡾ1990 ᖺ௦࠸࠺௦↔Ⅼࢆ࠶࡚㸪ࡑࡢ ᮇࡈά㌍ࡉࢀࡓ⏕άᨵⰋᬑཬဨࡢ᪉ࠎࡽ㸪 ᙜࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡘ࠸࡚ㄒࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡃ࠸࠺ ࡶࡢࡔࡗࡓࠋヰ㢟ᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡓ4 ேࡢ⏕άᨵⰋᬑ ཬဨࡢ࠾ヰࡣࡢ᪉ࡶ࡚ࡶලయⓗ࡛㸪ᙜ↛࡛ ࠶ࡿࡀࡑࡢࡈ⤒㦂ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀከ✀ከᙬ࡛ࡣ࠶ ࡗࡓࡢࡔࡀ㸪୍᪉୍࡛ᵝㄒࡽࢀࡓࡢࡣ㸪㎰ᮧ ࢆ㝰࡞ࡃṌࡁ㸪㎰ᐙࡢኌࢆ⪺ࡁ㸪ࡑࡇࡽ⌧ሙ ࡢㄢ㢟ࢆぢࡘࡅ㸪㎰ᐙࡶㄢ㢟ࢆゎỴࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡇ࠺ࡍࡿᬑཬဨࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡔࡗࡓࠋ ᗙ㛗ࢆົࡵࡓ୰ᓥ⣖୍Ặࡣ㸪ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞࠶ࡾ ᪉ࢆ⏕άᨵⰋᬑཬဨࡢࠕάື᪉ἲࠖ⾲⌧ࡉࢀ ࡓࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡣࡲࡉ㎰ᮧ✺ࡁ่ࡉࡉࡿᬑཬဨ ࡢጼໃ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓ 1)ࠋ⏕άᨵၿᬑཬᴗࡀᐇ㉁ ⓗ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ⌧ᅾ㎰ᮧ⏕ά◊✲ࢆ ᚿࡍ⚾ࡓࡕࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪ࡇࡢᬑཬဨࡢ㎰ᮧ✺ ࡁ่ࡉࡿࠕάື᪉ἲࠖࡢ㨩ຊࡣᙉࡃឤࡌࡽࢀࡿ ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ᅇࡢᗙㄯ࡛ࡣࡑࡢᑐࡋ࡚㸪90 ᖺ௦๓ᚋ ࡽࡢ㎰ᮧ⏕ά◊✲ࢆᢸࡗࡓ◊✲⪅ࡽࡢヰ㢟 ᥦ౪࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ㄒࡽࢀࡓࡇࡢࡦࡘࡢ 㸨༓ⴥ㎰ᮧᆅᇦᩥ◊✲ᡤ
ϫ
ϫ㸬
㸬ゎ
ゎ㢟
㢟ㄽ
ㄽ⪃
⪃㸦
㸦➨
➨୍
୍ሗ
ሗ࿌
࿌
ᑐ
ᑐࡋ
ࡋ࡚
࡚㸧
㸧
>ሗᩥ@
㎰ᮧ⏕ά◊✲ࡢ᪉ἲㄽࢆぢࡘࡵ࡚
̿ᏳಸᏊẶࡢ㎰ᐙᐙィ◊✲Ꮫࡪ̿
㣤ሯ 㔛ᜨᏊ
㸨Explore the Methodology of Rural Life Research
㸸
on Dr. Abe’s Report
Rieko IIZUKA
㸨In this report, we review the background and results of a study on the structure of modern farming household economy by Dr. Sumiko Abe, and explore the methodology of rural life research. The features of Dr. Abe’s research are the following two points. The first point is that Dr. Abe worked closely with life improvement extension workers to carry out a survey on a study of modern farming household economy. The issue arising from this feature is that it is important that research is linked to practice. The second point is that research was limited to full-time farmers. The issue arising from this feature is that it is necessary to focus not only on full-time farmers but also on other farmers.
[࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ]
⌧௦㎰ᐙࡢᐙィᵓ㐀◊✲ a study on the structure of modern farming household economy, ㎰ᮧ⏕ά⥲ྜ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ rural life research institute, ᪉ἲㄽ methodology 㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ ᅇ㸪Ⲩ樋㇏⦅㞟ጤဨ㛗ࡢᥦ࡛ᐇ⌧ࡋࡓᗙ ㄯ࡛ࡣ㸪㎰ᮧ⏕ά◊✲ࢆࡾ㏉ࡿ࠸࠺ࢸ࣮ ࣐࡛㸪ࡇࡢศ㔝ࡢ◊✲ࢆ≌ᘬࡋ࡚ࡇࡽࢀࡓ࠾ࡩ ࡓࡾࡢඛ⏕ࡽ㸪ྛ⮬ࡢ◊✲ෆᐜࡸ⫼ᬒࡀㄒࡽ ࢀࡓࠋ ࡑࡶࡑࡶ㸪ࡇࡢᗙㄯࡣ2 ᖺ๓ࡢ 2016 ᖺᗘ ⦅㞟ጤဨ⏬ࠕ⏕άᨵⰋᬑཬဨࡢᐇ㊶ࢆᨵࡵ ࡚ၥ࠸┤ࡍࠖ㸦᪥ᮏ㎰ᮧ⏕άᏛ㸦2017㸧㸧ᘬ ࡁ⥆ࡃ㸪➨ᙎࡋ࡚⏬ࡉࢀࡓ࠸࠺⤒⦋ࡀ ࠶ࡿࠋࡩࡓࡘࡢᗙㄯ⏬ࡢ㊃᪨ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣⲨ 樋ẶࡢࠕϨ㸬≉㞟⏬ࡢ㊃᪨ࠖヲࡋࡃ⤂ࡉ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ゎ㢟⪅࡞ࡾࡶ࠺୍ᗘᩚ⌮ࡋ࡚ࡳ ࢀࡤ㸪௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇࡔࡗࡓࠋ ๓ᅇࡢᗙㄯ࡛ࡣ㸪ࠕ୰㛗ᮇࣅࢪࣙࣥࠖࡢ௦㸪 ࡘࡲࡾ1990 ᖺ௦࠸࠺௦↔Ⅼࢆ࠶࡚㸪ࡑࡢ ᮇࡈά㌍ࡉࢀࡓ⏕άᨵⰋᬑཬဨࡢ᪉ࠎࡽ㸪 ᙜࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡘ࠸࡚ㄒࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡃ࠸࠺ ࡶࡢࡔࡗࡓࠋヰ㢟ᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡓ4 ேࡢ⏕άᨵⰋᬑ ཬဨࡢ࠾ヰࡣࡢ᪉ࡶ࡚ࡶලయⓗ࡛㸪ᙜ↛࡛ ࠶ࡿࡀࡑࡢࡈ⤒㦂ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀከ✀ከᙬ࡛ࡣ࠶ ࡗࡓࡢࡔࡀ㸪୍᪉୍࡛ᵝㄒࡽࢀࡓࡢࡣ㸪㎰ᮧ ࢆ㝰࡞ࡃṌࡁ㸪㎰ᐙࡢኌࢆ⪺ࡁ㸪ࡑࡇࡽ⌧ሙ ࡢㄢ㢟ࢆぢࡘࡅ㸪㎰ᐙࡶㄢ㢟ࢆゎỴࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡇ࠺ࡍࡿᬑཬဨࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡔࡗࡓࠋ ᗙ㛗ࢆົࡵࡓ୰ᓥ⣖୍Ặࡣ㸪ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞࠶ࡾ ᪉ࢆ⏕άᨵⰋᬑཬဨࡢࠕάື᪉ἲࠖ⾲⌧ࡉࢀ ࡓࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡣࡲࡉ㎰ᮧ✺ࡁ่ࡉࡉࡿᬑཬဨ ࡢጼໃ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓ 1)ࠋ⏕άᨵၿᬑཬᴗࡀᐇ㉁ ⓗ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ⌧ᅾ㎰ᮧ⏕ά◊✲ࢆ ᚿࡍ⚾ࡓࡕࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪ࡇࡢᬑཬဨࡢ㎰ᮧ✺ ࡁ่ࡉࡿࠕάື᪉ἲࠖࡢ㨩ຊࡣᙉࡃឤࡌࡽࢀࡿ ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ᅇࡢᗙㄯ࡛ࡣࡑࡢᑐࡋ࡚㸪90 ᖺ௦๓ᚋ ࡽࡢ㎰ᮧ⏕ά◊✲ࢆᢸࡗࡓ◊✲⪅ࡽࡢヰ㢟 ᥦ౪࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ㄒࡽࢀࡓࡇࡢࡦࡘࡢ 㸨༓ⴥ㎰ᮧᆅᇦᩥ◊✲ᡤ ࣏ࣥࢺࡣ㸪㎰ᮧ⏕ά◊✲ࡣ㸪⌧ሙ✺ࡁ่ࡉ ࡿ⏕άᨵⰋᬑཬဨࡢ㐃ᦠࡼࡗ࡚ᡂࡉࢀࡓᡂ ᯝ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࠸࠺Ⅼࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ㎰ᮧ⏕ά◊✲ࡣ㸪 ⏕άᨵၿᬑཬᴗࡢ㇏࡞ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡶᒎ 㛤ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ◊✲࠸ ࠺⌮ㄽᵓ⠏㸪ᴗ࠸࠺ᐇ㊶ᵓ⠏ࡢ㐃ᦠࠋ㎰ ᮧ⏕ά◊✲ࡢ⫢ࡣࡇࡇ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓㄆ㆑ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ㎰ᮧ⏕ά◊✲⪅ ࡢ୰࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿព⮬᫂ࡢࡇࡋ࡚㸪࠸ࢃࡤ᫂ ♧ⓗၥࢃࢀࡿࡇࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡋࡋ㸪⏕άᨵၿᬑཬᴗࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪ࢇ ࡢ⏕άᨵⰋᬑཬဨࡀ㏥⫋ࡉࢀࡓ⌧ᅾ࠾࠸࡚㸪 ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢆ▱ࡾ㸪⌮ゎࡍࡿ⌧ᙺୡ௦ࡣ࡚ ࡶᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࠋࡑࢀࡤࡾ㸪㎰ᮧ ࡸ㎰ᴗࡢᏑᅾព⩏⮬యࡀၥࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ᪥ᮏ ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㎰ᮧ⏕ά◊✲ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࡇࡢព⩏ ⮬యࡀၥࢃࢀ࡚ࡶ࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡶࡣࡸ㎰ᮧ ⏕ά◊✲ࡣᚲせ࡞࠸ࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡇࡢၥ࠸ᑐ ࡋ࡚ࡩࡓࡘࡢᗙㄯࡀᢞࡆࡅࡓࡇࡣ㸪ࡔ ࡽࡇࡑࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࢆࡾ㏉ࡾ㸪ࡑࡇࡽᏛࡰ࠺ ࠸࠺ጼໃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࡢࡇࡣ㸪ᅇࡢヰ㢟ᥦ౪ࡢࡦࡾ࡛ ࠶ࡿᏳಸᏊẶࡀᗙㄯ࠾࠸࡚ᙉㄪࡋࡓẼᣢ ࡕ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓཷࡅṆࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸰㸬㎰ᮧ⏕ά◊✲ࡢែໃ 㸦㸯㸧㎰ᮧ⏕ά◊✲⪅ࡋ࡚ࡢṌࡳ2) ᏳಸẶࡣᮾிᜨẚᑑࡢ᱁ᘧ㧗࠸࠾ᑎఫ⫋ࡢ ୕ேࡢᮎፉࡋ࡚⫱ࡗࡓࠋ1967 ᖺ᪥ᮏዪᏊ ᏛᐙᨻᏛ㒊ᐙᨻ⤒῭Ꮫ⛉ධᏛࡋ㸪㎰ᐙᐙィ◊ ✲ࡢ➨୍ே⪅࡛࠶ࡿᐑᓮ♩Ꮚඛ⏕Ꮫࢇࡔࠋࡑ ࡢ㡭㸪ྠ᪩✄⏣Ꮫࡢ⮬ࢧ࣮ࢡ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡗ ࡓ㎰ᴗၥ㢟◊✲ࡶཧຍࡋ㸪ࡑࡇ࡛㎰ᴗ㛵 ᚰࢆ῝ࡵࡿࠋ1971 ᖺᮾிᩍ⫱ᏛᏛ㝔㎰Ꮫ ◊✲⛉㐍Ꮫࡋ㸪㎰ᴗ⤒῭ࢆᏛࢇࡔࠋዪᛶࡀ Ꮫ㐍Ꮫࡍࡿࡢࡣࡲࡔ⌋ࡋࡗࡓ௦㸪Ꮫ㝔ࡢ ㎰ᴗ⤒῭࡛ࡣᏳಸẶࡀึࡵ࡚ࡢዪᏊᏛ⏕࡛㸪 Ꮫ㝔ࣃࢿࣝࡣዪᏊࢺࣞࡶ࡞ࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࠋ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡶ㐍Ꮫࢆ㑅ࢇࡔᏳಸẶࡣຮᙉࡋࡓ࠸࠸ ࠺▱ࡢᙉ࠸ពḧࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢពᛮࢆᨭ࠼ࡓ ࡦࡘࡣ㸪ṇࢹࣔࢡࣛࢩ࣮ࡢ௦⏕ࡲࢀ㸪 ࡑࡢᜥ྿ࢆཷࡅ㸪ࡦࡾࡢ⮬❧ࡋࡓே㛫ࡋ࡚ ❧ࡘࡇࢆࡼࡋࡋࡓẕࡢᏑᅾࡀࡁࡗࡓ ࠸࠺ࠋ 1977 ᖺ㸪ᜠᖌࡢᐑᓮẶࡢ⤂࡛㸪ඛ❧ࡘࡇ 2 ᖺ๓タ❧ࡉࢀࡓ♫ᅋἲே㎰ᮧ⏕ά⥲ྜ◊✲ ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᑵ⫋ࡋ㸪௨㝆㸪ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡀゎᩓࡍࡿ 2004 ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢ 27 ᖺ㛫ࢆ◊✲ဨࡋ࡚ົࡵࡓࠋ ᏳಸẶࡢ◊✲ᡂᯝࡢከࡃࡣࡇࡢ㎰ᮧ⏕ά⥲ྜ◊ ✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮௦ࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡀゎᩓࡋ࡚ࡽࡣ㸪♫ᅋἲேᅜ㎰ ᴗᨵⰋᬑཬᨭ༠ࡢ௵◊✲ဨ㸪㎰ᒣ⁺ᮧዪ ᛶ࣭⏕άάືᨭ༠ࡢㄪᰝ◊✲ㄢ㛗㸪ᐃᖺ㏥ ⫋ᚋ㛗ࢆົࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋ2011 ᖺࡽ⌧ᅾࡲ࡛㸪 ᪥ᮏ㎰ᮧ⏕άᏛࡢ㛗ࢆົࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸦㸰㸧㎰ᮧ⏕ά⥲ྜ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢㄌ⏕ゎᩓ ᏳಸẶࡢ◊✲ࢆࡾ㏉ࡿ࠺࠼࡛㸪Ặࡀ㛗ࡽࡃ ᡤᒓࡋࡓ㎰ᮧ⏕ά⥲ྜ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸦௨ୗ㸪ࠕ㎰ ⏕◊ࠖ㸧ࢆࡲࡎࡾ㏉ࡗ࡚࠾ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࠕ㎰⏕◊ࠖࡣ1975 ᖺ 11 ᭶ඖ㎰ᯘỈ⏘ᢏ⾡ ㆟ົᒁ㛗ࡢᑠᒣ⩏ኵẶࢆึ௦⌮㛗㏄࠼㸪 ᙜึ9 ྡࡢ⫋ဨ࡛Ⓨ㊊ࡋࡓ3㸧ࠋᴗ⤒㈝ࡣᅜᗜ ⿵ຓ㔠࡛㈥ࢃࢀ㸪ᅜࡢ㒔㐨ᗓ┴ཬࡧ㎰ᒣ⁺ᮧ ࡢ⏕ά㛵ࡍࡿᴗࢆ⾜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᅋయࡀဨ ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪ࠕ㎰⏕◊ࠖࡣẸ㛫ࡢἲே᱁ ࡋ࡚タ❧ࡣࡋࡓࡀ㸪㐠Ⴀ㈨㔠ࡣᅜ㈝࡛࠶ࡿ࠸ ࠺Ⅼ㸪ᅜࡢ⏕άᨵၿᬑཬᴗᐦ᥋㛵ࢃࡗ࡚ ࠸ࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛㸪ᅜࡢ㎰ᮧ⏕ά◊✲ᶵ㛵‽ࡎ ࡿᛶ᱁ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ4)ࠋ ࡇࡇ࡛㸪㛗ᩥࡣ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡀ㸪ࠕ㎰⏕◊ࠖ ࡢタ❧㊃ព᭩ࢆᢤ⢋ࡋ࡚⤂ࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ タ ❧ ㊃ ព ᭩ 1㸬⏕άᨵၿᬑཬᴗࡣ㸪ᡓᚋࡢᅜᅵཬࡧᅜẸ⏕ άࡢⲨᗫࡢ୰࡛㎰ᐙ࣭㎰ᮧ⏕άࡢᨵၿྥୖࢆ᪩ ᛴᅗࡿࡓࡵᡓᚋ࠸ࡕ᪩ࡃ㛤ጞࡉࢀ㸪ࢃࡀᅜࡢ ㎰ᮧྛᆅᇦ࠾࠸࡚ᆅ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀ㸪ಶู ㎰ᐙࡢ⾰࣭㣗࣭ఫࡢᨵၿ➼㛵ࡍࡿᣦᑟຓࢆ ୰ᚰࡋ࡚⢭ຊⓗ࡞άືࢆ⾜࠸㸪ఫᒃࡢᨵၿ㸪 ㎰⦾ᮇࡢಖᏑ㣗➼╔ᐇࡑࡢᬑཬຠᯝࢆୖࡆ࡚ ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪㏆ᖺࡢ㎰ᐙ࣭㎰ᮧ⏕άࡢኚ ࡣⴭࡋ࠸ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪㸦1㸧㎰ᐙᡤᚓཬࡧᾘ㈝Ỉ ‽ࡢୖ᪼㸪㏻㏻ಙ⥙ࡢⓎ㐩ࡼࡿ㒔ᕷࡢ ὶࡢάⓎ➼㸪ࡑࡢྥୖࡀぢࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋࡋࡋ 㠃㸦2㸧⏕ά⎔ቃタ➼ࡢ≀ⓗタࡢᩚഛࡢ❧ 㐜ࢀຍ࠼࡚㸦3㸧㧗ᗘ⤒῭ᡂ㛗క࠺වᴗࡢ 㐍ᒎࡣ㸪㎰ᮧࡢΰఫ♫ࡼࡾ㸪㎰ᐙࢆ୰᰾ ࡍࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡢ⥔ᣢᙧᡂࢆᅔ㞴ࡋ࡚࠾ ࡾࡲࡍࠋྠ㸦4㸧㎰ᐙୡᖏෆ㒊ࡢከᑵᴗ㸪 ㎰ᴗປാຊࡢ⪁㱋㸪፬ே➼ࡼࡿ㎰ᐙ⏕ά ᶵ⬟ࢆపୗࡉࡏ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ㸦5㸧ࡇࢀ ࡽ㎰ᴗᑵປᙧែࡢኚࡸ㎰ᴗᢏ⾡ࡢ㧗ᗘ➼ປ ാ⎔ቃࡢኚࡼࡾ㸪᪂ࡓ࡞ᗣၥ㢟ࢆⓎ⏕ࡉ ࡏ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺㸪㎰ᐙ࣭㎰ᮧࢆࡾ
ࡲࡃ⏕άୖࡢㅖၥ㢟ࡀ⣼✚ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ͐͐ 4㸬ᚋࡢ⏕άᨵၿᬑཬᴗࢆ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ほⅬ ❧ࡗ࡚᥎㐍ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡣ㸪ࡇࢀᚲせ࡞⮬ ↛⛉Ꮫ㸪ேᩥ⛉Ꮫࡢᢏ⾡ࢯ࣮ࢫࢆᚓࡿࡓࡵࡢㄪ ᰝ◊✲㛤Ⓨ୪ࡧࡇࢀࡽࡢά⏝➼ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡾ ࡲࡍࡀ㸪⌧≧࡛ࡣ㸪㎰ᐙ࣭㎰ᮧ⏕άࡢᨵၿ㛵 ࡍࡿ⟇ࡣ⏕άᨵၿᬑཬᴗࡀ၏୍ࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ ࡿࡇ㸪⏕ά㛤Ⓨ㛵ࡍࡿヨ㦂◊✲ᶵ㛵ࡀᮍᩚ ഛ࡛࠶ࡿࡇຍ࠼㸪㎰ᮧ࣭㎰ᐙ⏕ά㛵ࡍࡿ ၥ㢟ࡢ」㞧㸪ከᵝᛶࡽᚑ᮶ࡢ♫Ꮫ㸪㎰Ꮫ㸪 ᘓ⠏Ꮫ㸪ᐙᨻᏛ㸪་Ꮫ➼ࡢ≉ᐃศ㔝ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ ◊✲ᶵ㛵࡛ࡣᑐᛂࡋࡁࢀࡎ㸪⥲ྜⓗ࡞ㄪᰝ◊✲ ᶵ㛵ࡢタ❧ࡀᙉࡃせㄳࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 5㸬ࡇࡢࡓࡵ㸪㸦1㸧㛵㐃ࡍࡿศ㔝ࡢ࢚࢟ࢫࣃ࣮ࢺ ࢆࢫ࣌ࢩࣕࣜࢫࢺࡋ࡚タ⨨ࡋ㸪ㄪᰝ◊✲ࢆ⾜ ࠺ඹ㸪㸦2㸧ྛヨ㦂◊✲ᶵ㛵ࡢㄪᰝ◊✲ࡢᡂ ᯝࢆ㞟㸪ศᯒ㸪⦅ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ✚ࢆᅗࡿ㸪 㸦3㸧ేࡏ࡚ࡇࢀࡽࡢᡂᯝࢆ⏕άᨵၿᬑཬ⤌⧊➼ ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ຠ⋡ⓗ࡞ά⏝ࢆᅗࡾࡘࡘ㸪㸦4㸧ᚲせ ᛂࡌ㸪ࢥࣥࢧࣝࢱࣥࢺάືࢆ⾜࠺⥲ྜⓗ࡞ᶵ㛵 ࡋ࡚㸪♫ᅋἲே㎰ᮧ⏕ά⥲ྜ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࢆ タ❧ࡍࡿࡇࡋ㸪50 ᖺᗘண⟬࠾࠸࡚ᡤせࡢ ⤒㈝ࡢᅜᗜ⿵ຓ㸦⥲㢠53 ⓒ㸧ࡀணᐃࡉࢀ࡚ ࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 㧗ᗘ⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࢆ⤒࡚㸪1970 ᖺ㡭ࡽࡢ㎰ᮧ♫ ࡣࡁࡃኚࡋࡓࠋ࠾࠾ࡲࡣ㸪㎰ᮧࡣ㇏ ࡞ࡾ㸪㎰ᴗࡣවᴗࡀ㐍ࡳ㸪⏕άᩥⓗ ࡣ㒔ᕷࡀ㐍ࢇࡔࠋࡘ࡚ࡢ㈋ࡋ࠸ゝࢃࢀࡓ ㎰ᮧࡣࡲࡗࡓࡃ␗࡞ࡿ㎰ᮧ⏕άୖࡢၥ㢟ࡀ⏕ ࡌࡿ≧ἣࡢ୰࡛㸪ࡑࢀᑐᛂࡍࡿ⏕άᨵၿᬑཬ ᴗࢆᐇࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ㎰ᮧ⏕ά◊✲ᶵ㛵ࡢᚲせ ࡀᾋୖࡋ㸪ࠕ㎰⏕◊ࠖࡣࡑࢇ࡞௦ᑐᛂࡍࡿ ࠸࠺㊃᪨࡛ㄌ⏕ࡋࡓࠋ ࡋࡋ㸪ࡑࡢᚋ⣙30 ᖺࢆ⤒࡚㸪㎰ᨻ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ ♫ࡣࡲࡍࡲࡍኚㇺࡋࡓࠋ≉2000 ᖺ௦ධࡗ ࡚ࡽࡣ᪂⮬⏤⩏ⓗ⤒῭యไࡀᙉࡲࡾࡔࡋ㸪 ㎰ᴗ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠕ✌ࡆࡿ㎰ᴗࠖࠕ⏕⏘ᛶࡢ㧗࠸㎰ ᴗࠖࡢᨻ⟇ࡀࡼࡾᙉࡲࡗࡓࠋᬑཬᴗ࠾࠸ ࡚ࡣ㸪⏕άᨵၿᬑཬᴗࡢᙺࡀᵕ⋢࠶ࡆࡽ ࢀ㸪ไᗘⓗᗫṆ㏣࠸㎸ࡲࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࠋࡇ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ἣࡢ୰࡛㸪ࠕ㎰⏕◊ࠖࡶࡲࡓ㸪㈈ᨻ㞴 ࠸࠺⌮⏤ࡢࡶ2004 ᖺ 3 ᭶࡛ࡢᗫṆࡀỴ ࡲࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࠋ ᙧࡋ࡚ࡣᅜ㎰ᴗᨵⰋᬑཬ༠㎰ᴗᨵⰋ ㈨㔠༠ࠕ㎰⏕◊ࠖࡀྜὶࡋ㸪ᅜ㎰ᴗᨵⰋ ᬑཬᨭ༠ࡋ࡚ฟⓎࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡔࡗ ࡓࡀ㸪ࡑࡢពࡣ㸪ࡕࡽゝ࠼ࡤᬑཬᴗ ࢆඃඛⓗ⥔ᣢࡋࡼ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡔࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢᬑཬᴗࡶ㸪⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣᢏ⾡ᬑཬ ≉ࡋ㸪ࡘ࡚ࡢ㎰ᮧ✺ࡁ่ࡉࡗࡓᬑཬဨࡢ άື᪉ἲࡣ㏵⤯࠼࡚ࡋࡲ࠾࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸦㸱㸧㎰ᮧ⏕ά⥲ྜ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢ◊✲ ࠕ㎰⏕◊ࠖࡢ◊✲᪉ἲࡣ㸪ࡽࡾ㏉ࡗ࡚ ࡳࢀࡤ≉ᚩⓗࡔࡗࡓゝ࠼ࡿࠋᏳಸ㸦2001㸸281㸧 ࡣࠕ㎰⏕◊ࠖࡢ◊✲᪉ἲࡢ≉ᚩࡘ࠸࡚㸪ձࣇ ࣮ࣝࢻㄪᰝࢆ㔜どࡍࡿ㸪ղ⌧ሙࡢㄢ㢟ゎỴ ྥࡅࡓᐇドⓗㄪᰝ◊✲ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴ㸪ճ♫⛉Ꮫ ⓗ◊✲ࢆ୰ᚰࡍࡿ㸪մࡘࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡢᐙᨻᏛ ⓗ㡿ᇦࢆ㉸࠼ࡓከศ㔝ࡢᑓ㛛㡿ᇦ㸦ேᩥ⛉Ꮫ㸪 ♫⛉Ꮫ㸪⮬↛⛉Ꮫ㸧ࢃࡓࡿᏛ㝿ⓗ◊✲ࢆ⾜ ࠺㸪ࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᐇドⓗ࡞ࣇ࣮ࣝࢻㄪᰝ ≉ࡍࡿ࠸࠺◊✲᪉ἲࡣ㸪㎰ᮧ࠸࠺⌧ሙࢆ ᣢࡘᬑཬᴗᐦ᥋㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠕ㎰⏕◊ࠖ ࡢᙉࡳ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ேࡢ⏕ࡢႠࡳࡢᇶᮏ ࡘ⥲య࡛࠶ࡿ⏕άࢆᤊ࠼ࡿࡓࡵࡢ᪉ἲࡋ࡚Ꮫ 㝿ⓗ◊✲యไࢆࡗࡓࡇࡶ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡛ ࡇࡑᏛ㝿ⓗ◊✲ࡣ⌋ࡋࡃ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ᏳಸẶࡽࡢ ࣄࣜࣥࢢࡼࢀࡤ㸪ᙜࡣࠕ㎰⏕◊ࠖࡢ◊✲ ᪉ἲᑐࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡣᏛၥ࡞ࡢ࠸࠺ᢈุⓗ ぢ᪉ࡶᑡ࡞ࡽࡎ࠶ࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࠋ ◊✲ࡢ㐍ࡵ᪉ࡣ㸪ࢸ࣮࣐ࡈ㛵ಀᑓ㛛ศ㔝ࡢ ᖖ◊✲ဨ 2㸪3 ேࡀࢳ࣮࣒ࢆ⤌ࢇ࡛ᢸᙜࡋ㸪ࡇ ࢀࢆᣦᑟ㸪ຓゝࡍࡿᏛᩍᤵ➼ࡢᏛ㆑⪅ࢆ◊✲ጤ ဨࡋ࡚እ㒊ጤクࡋࡓࠋㄪᰝ◊✲ࢆᢸ࠺◊✲㒊ࡢ ேဨࡣ㸪᭱ࡶከ࠸࡛ࡣ17 ྡ㸦1990 ᖺ㸧࡞ࡗ ࡓࠋ ᴗෆᐜࡣ㸪ձㄪᰝ◊✲άື㸪ղ◊✲ሗά ື㸪ճࢥࣥࢧࣝࢱࣥࢺάື㸪մㅮᗙ࣭◊ಟဨཷ ධࢀ࣭ࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮㸪յཷクᴗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࠕ㎰⏕◊࡛ࠖᐇࡉࢀࡓ◊✲ห⾜≀ࡘ࠸࡚ ࡣࡇࡇ࡚ࢆ⤂ࡍࡿవຊࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ 5)㸪ࡓ ࠼ࡤ୰ᚰⓗ◊✲ᴗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠗ⏕ά◊✲࣏࣮ࣞ ࢺ࠘ࡣタ❧ࡉࢀࡓึᖺᗘࡢ1976 ᖺ 3 ᭶ࡽゎ ᩓࡍࡿ2004 ᖺ 3 ᭶ࡲ࡛ࡢ 28 ᖺ㛫 62 ᕳࡀⓎ ⾜ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪౫㢗ࢆཷࡅ࡚ᐇࡋࡓࢥࣥࢧࣝ ࢱࣥࢺᴗࡢห⾜ሗ࿌᭩ࠗࢥࣥࢧࣝࢱࣥࢺ࣏ࣞ ࣮ࢺ࠘ࡣ43 ᕳ㸪ཷクᴗ➼ࡢห⾜ሗ࿌᭩ࠗཷク ㄪᰝ◊✲ሗ࿌᭩࠘ࡣ99 ᕳ㸪┦ᙜࡢ◊✲ᡂᯝࢆ ✚ࡳୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ࡇࡢ࠺ࡕᏳಸẶࡀ◊✲ဨࡋ࡚㛵ࢃࡗࡓㄪᰝ ◊✲ࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠗ⏕ά◊✲࣏࣮ࣞࢺ࠘㸦ᖺᗘ⾲♧ࡣㄪᰝ◊✲ᮇ㛫 ࢆ♧ࡍ㸧 No.14 タᅬⱁ㎰ᐙ፬ࡢᙺ㓄ศ 1978㹼
ࡲࡃ⏕άୖࡢㅖၥ㢟ࡀ⣼✚ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ͐͐ 4㸬ᚋࡢ⏕άᨵၿᬑཬᴗࢆ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ほⅬ ❧ࡗ࡚᥎㐍ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡣ㸪ࡇࢀᚲせ࡞⮬ ↛⛉Ꮫ㸪ேᩥ⛉Ꮫࡢᢏ⾡ࢯ࣮ࢫࢆᚓࡿࡓࡵࡢㄪ ᰝ◊✲㛤Ⓨ୪ࡧࡇࢀࡽࡢά⏝➼ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡾ ࡲࡍࡀ㸪⌧≧࡛ࡣ㸪㎰ᐙ࣭㎰ᮧ⏕άࡢᨵၿ㛵 ࡍࡿ⟇ࡣ⏕άᨵၿᬑཬᴗࡀ၏୍ࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ ࡿࡇ㸪⏕ά㛤Ⓨ㛵ࡍࡿヨ㦂◊✲ᶵ㛵ࡀᮍᩚ ഛ࡛࠶ࡿࡇຍ࠼㸪㎰ᮧ࣭㎰ᐙ⏕ά㛵ࡍࡿ ၥ㢟ࡢ」㞧㸪ከᵝᛶࡽᚑ᮶ࡢ♫Ꮫ㸪㎰Ꮫ㸪 ᘓ⠏Ꮫ㸪ᐙᨻᏛ㸪་Ꮫ➼ࡢ≉ᐃศ㔝ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ ◊✲ᶵ㛵࡛ࡣᑐᛂࡋࡁࢀࡎ㸪⥲ྜⓗ࡞ㄪᰝ◊✲ ᶵ㛵ࡢタ❧ࡀᙉࡃせㄳࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 5㸬ࡇࡢࡓࡵ㸪㸦1㸧㛵㐃ࡍࡿศ㔝ࡢ࢚࢟ࢫࣃ࣮ࢺ ࢆࢫ࣌ࢩࣕࣜࢫࢺࡋ࡚タ⨨ࡋ㸪ㄪᰝ◊✲ࢆ⾜ ࠺ඹ㸪㸦2㸧ྛヨ㦂◊✲ᶵ㛵ࡢㄪᰝ◊✲ࡢᡂ ᯝࢆ㞟㸪ศᯒ㸪⦅ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ✚ࢆᅗࡿ㸪 㸦3㸧ేࡏ࡚ࡇࢀࡽࡢᡂᯝࢆ⏕άᨵၿᬑཬ⤌⧊➼ ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ຠ⋡ⓗ࡞ά⏝ࢆᅗࡾࡘࡘ㸪㸦4㸧ᚲせ ᛂࡌ㸪ࢥࣥࢧࣝࢱࣥࢺάືࢆ⾜࠺⥲ྜⓗ࡞ᶵ㛵 ࡋ࡚㸪♫ᅋἲே㎰ᮧ⏕ά⥲ྜ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࢆ タ❧ࡍࡿࡇࡋ㸪50 ᖺᗘண⟬࠾࠸࡚ᡤせࡢ ⤒㈝ࡢᅜᗜ⿵ຓ㸦⥲㢠53 ⓒ㸧ࡀணᐃࡉࢀ࡚ ࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 㧗ᗘ⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࢆ⤒࡚㸪1970 ᖺ㡭ࡽࡢ㎰ᮧ♫ ࡣࡁࡃኚࡋࡓࠋ࠾࠾ࡲࡣ㸪㎰ᮧࡣ㇏ ࡞ࡾ㸪㎰ᴗࡣවᴗࡀ㐍ࡳ㸪⏕άᩥⓗ ࡣ㒔ᕷࡀ㐍ࢇࡔࠋࡘ࡚ࡢ㈋ࡋ࠸ゝࢃࢀࡓ ㎰ᮧࡣࡲࡗࡓࡃ␗࡞ࡿ㎰ᮧ⏕άୖࡢၥ㢟ࡀ⏕ ࡌࡿ≧ἣࡢ୰࡛㸪ࡑࢀᑐᛂࡍࡿ⏕άᨵၿᬑཬ ᴗࢆᐇࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ㎰ᮧ⏕ά◊✲ᶵ㛵ࡢᚲせ ࡀᾋୖࡋ㸪ࠕ㎰⏕◊ࠖࡣࡑࢇ࡞௦ᑐᛂࡍࡿ ࠸࠺㊃᪨࡛ㄌ⏕ࡋࡓࠋ ࡋࡋ㸪ࡑࡢᚋ⣙30 ᖺࢆ⤒࡚㸪㎰ᨻ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ ♫ࡣࡲࡍࡲࡍኚㇺࡋࡓࠋ≉2000 ᖺ௦ධࡗ ࡚ࡽࡣ᪂⮬⏤⩏ⓗ⤒῭యไࡀᙉࡲࡾࡔࡋ㸪 ㎰ᴗ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠕ✌ࡆࡿ㎰ᴗࠖࠕ⏕⏘ᛶࡢ㧗࠸㎰ ᴗࠖࡢᨻ⟇ࡀࡼࡾᙉࡲࡗࡓࠋᬑཬᴗ࠾࠸ ࡚ࡣ㸪⏕άᨵၿᬑཬᴗࡢᙺࡀᵕ⋢࠶ࡆࡽ ࢀ㸪ไᗘⓗᗫṆ㏣࠸㎸ࡲࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࠋࡇ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ἣࡢ୰࡛㸪ࠕ㎰⏕◊ࠖࡶࡲࡓ㸪㈈ᨻ㞴 ࠸࠺⌮⏤ࡢࡶ2004 ᖺ 3 ᭶࡛ࡢᗫṆࡀỴ ࡲࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࠋ ᙧࡋ࡚ࡣᅜ㎰ᴗᨵⰋᬑཬ༠㎰ᴗᨵⰋ ㈨㔠༠ࠕ㎰⏕◊ࠖࡀྜὶࡋ㸪ᅜ㎰ᴗᨵⰋ ᬑཬᨭ༠ࡋ࡚ฟⓎࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡔࡗ ࡓࡀ㸪ࡑࡢពࡣ㸪ࡕࡽゝ࠼ࡤᬑཬᴗ ࢆඃඛⓗ⥔ᣢࡋࡼ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡔࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢᬑཬᴗࡶ㸪⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣᢏ⾡ᬑཬ ≉ࡋ㸪ࡘ࡚ࡢ㎰ᮧ✺ࡁ่ࡉࡗࡓᬑཬဨࡢ άື᪉ἲࡣ㏵⤯࠼࡚ࡋࡲ࠾࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸦㸱㸧㎰ᮧ⏕ά⥲ྜ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢ◊✲ ࠕ㎰⏕◊ࠖࡢ◊✲᪉ἲࡣ㸪ࡽࡾ㏉ࡗ࡚ ࡳࢀࡤ≉ᚩⓗࡔࡗࡓゝ࠼ࡿࠋᏳಸ㸦2001㸸281㸧 ࡣࠕ㎰⏕◊ࠖࡢ◊✲᪉ἲࡢ≉ᚩࡘ࠸࡚㸪ձࣇ ࣮ࣝࢻㄪᰝࢆ㔜どࡍࡿ㸪ղ⌧ሙࡢㄢ㢟ゎỴ ྥࡅࡓᐇドⓗㄪᰝ◊✲ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴ㸪ճ♫⛉Ꮫ ⓗ◊✲ࢆ୰ᚰࡍࡿ㸪մࡘࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡢᐙᨻᏛ ⓗ㡿ᇦࢆ㉸࠼ࡓከศ㔝ࡢᑓ㛛㡿ᇦ㸦ேᩥ⛉Ꮫ㸪 ♫⛉Ꮫ㸪⮬↛⛉Ꮫ㸧ࢃࡓࡿᏛ㝿ⓗ◊✲ࢆ⾜ ࠺㸪ࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᐇドⓗ࡞ࣇ࣮ࣝࢻㄪᰝ ≉ࡍࡿ࠸࠺◊✲᪉ἲࡣ㸪㎰ᮧ࠸࠺⌧ሙࢆ ᣢࡘᬑཬᴗᐦ᥋㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠕ㎰⏕◊ࠖ ࡢᙉࡳ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ேࡢ⏕ࡢႠࡳࡢᇶᮏ ࡘ⥲య࡛࠶ࡿ⏕άࢆᤊ࠼ࡿࡓࡵࡢ᪉ἲࡋ࡚Ꮫ 㝿ⓗ◊✲యไࢆࡗࡓࡇࡶ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡛ ࡇࡑᏛ㝿ⓗ◊✲ࡣ⌋ࡋࡃ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ᏳಸẶࡽࡢ ࣄࣜࣥࢢࡼࢀࡤ㸪ᙜࡣࠕ㎰⏕◊ࠖࡢ◊✲ ᪉ἲᑐࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡣᏛၥ࡞ࡢ࠸࠺ᢈุⓗ ぢ᪉ࡶᑡ࡞ࡽࡎ࠶ࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࠋ ◊✲ࡢ㐍ࡵ᪉ࡣ㸪ࢸ࣮࣐ࡈ㛵ಀᑓ㛛ศ㔝ࡢ ᖖ◊✲ဨ2㸪3 ேࡀࢳ࣮࣒ࢆ⤌ࢇ࡛ᢸᙜࡋ㸪ࡇ ࢀࢆᣦᑟ㸪ຓゝࡍࡿᏛᩍᤵ➼ࡢᏛ㆑⪅ࢆ◊✲ጤ ဨࡋ࡚እ㒊ጤクࡋࡓࠋㄪᰝ◊✲ࢆᢸ࠺◊✲㒊ࡢ ேဨࡣ㸪᭱ࡶከ࠸࡛ࡣ17 ྡ㸦1990 ᖺ㸧࡞ࡗ ࡓࠋ ᴗෆᐜࡣ㸪ձㄪᰝ◊✲άື㸪ղ◊✲ሗά ື㸪ճࢥࣥࢧࣝࢱࣥࢺάື㸪մㅮᗙ࣭◊ಟဨཷ ධࢀ࣭ࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮㸪յཷクᴗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࠕ㎰⏕◊࡛ࠖᐇࡉࢀࡓ◊✲ห⾜≀ࡘ࠸࡚ ࡣࡇࡇ࡚ࢆ⤂ࡍࡿవຊࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ 5)㸪ࡓ ࠼ࡤ୰ᚰⓗ◊✲ᴗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠗ⏕ά◊✲࣏࣮ࣞ ࢺ࠘ࡣタ❧ࡉࢀࡓึᖺᗘࡢ1976 ᖺ 3 ᭶ࡽゎ ᩓࡍࡿ2004 ᖺ 3 ᭶ࡲ࡛ࡢ 28 ᖺ㛫 62 ᕳࡀⓎ ⾜ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪౫㢗ࢆཷࡅ࡚ᐇࡋࡓࢥࣥࢧࣝ ࢱࣥࢺᴗࡢห⾜ሗ࿌᭩ࠗࢥࣥࢧࣝࢱࣥࢺ࣏ࣞ ࣮ࢺ࠘ࡣ43 ᕳ㸪ཷクᴗ➼ࡢห⾜ሗ࿌᭩ࠗཷク ㄪᰝ◊✲ሗ࿌᭩࠘ࡣ99 ᕳ㸪┦ᙜࡢ◊✲ᡂᯝࢆ ✚ࡳୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ࡇࡢ࠺ࡕᏳಸẶࡀ◊✲ဨࡋ࡚㛵ࢃࡗࡓㄪᰝ ◊✲ࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠗ⏕ά◊✲࣏࣮ࣞࢺ࠘㸦ᖺᗘ⾲♧ࡣㄪᰝ◊✲ᮇ㛫 ࢆ♧ࡍ㸧 No.14 タᅬⱁ㎰ᐙ፬ࡢᙺ㓄ศ 1978㹼 80 ᖺᗘ No.15 ㎰ᴗᚑ⪅ࡢ⏕ά⮬⏤㛫 1980㹼 82 ᖺᗘ No.19 ᪂ࡋ࠸㎰ᮧ♫ᣦᶆ̿㎰ᮧ㞟ⴠࡢᆅᇦ デ᩿̿ 1981㹼83 ᖺᗘ No.21 ㎰ᴗᆺ㎰ᐙ⏕ά 1983㹼85 ᖺᗘ No.25 ㎰ᐙⱝጔࡢከᵝ࡞⏕άほ 1984㹼86 ᖺ ᗘ No.27 ㎰ᮧⓗ⮬↛ࡢࡶࡘᩍ⫱ຊ 1986㹼88 ᖺ ᗘ No.29 ᪂ࡋ࠸ศᯒᡭἲࡼࡿ㎰ᐙࡢᐙィᵓ㐀 1986㹼88 ᖺᗘ No.34 ⏕άࡢ⮬❧ࡋࡓ⮬❧⤒Ⴀ㎰ᐙࡢᙧᡂ 1989㹼91 ᖺᗘ No.40 ᆅᇦάᛶྥࡅࡓ㎰⏘ຍᕤ 1992㹼 94 ᖺᗘ No.47 ⏕ ά ࡢ ど Ⅼ ࡽ ࡢ ⤒ Ⴀ య ホ ౯ ᡭ ἲ 1995㹼97 ᖺᗘ No.59 ዪᛶ㉳ᴗࡢከ㠃ᛶホ౯ࡢᡭἲ 2001㹼 03 ᖺᗘ ࠗࢥࣥࢧࣝࢱࣥࢺ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ࠘㸦ᖺ᭶⾲♧ࡣห⾜ᖺ ᭶ࢆ♧ࡍ㸧 No.6 ᒣ┴▼⏫ࡢࡪ࠺᱂ᇵ࠾ࡅࡿୖ ྥࡁసᴗࡢᨵၿᑐ⟇ 1980 ᖺ 3 ᭶ No.7 ᒣ┴୍ᐑ⏫ࡢࡶࡶ᱂ᇵ࠾ࡅࡿ⬮❧స ᴗࡢᐇែ⑂ປ㍍ῶᑐ⟇ 1980 ᖺ 3 ᭶ No.8 ᰣᮌ┴┈Ꮚ⏫ࡢࡓࡤࡇస㎰ᐙࡢసᴗᨵ ၿᑐ⟇ 1980 ᖺ 3 ᭶ No.12 ㎰ᐙ፬ேࡢᗣ⟶⌮ᑐ⟇̿⩌㤿┴㤋ᯘ ᕷ̿ 1983 ᖺ 3 ᭶ No.33 ୰ᒣ㛫ᆅᇦࡢࣇ࣮࣒࣍ࣜࢹ࣮ࡼࡿ ᆅᇦάᛶ 1997 ᖺ 3 ᭶ No.35 ᆅᇦෆᚠ⎔ࡼࡿከᵝ࡞ᑵᴗᶵタ ྥࡅ࡚ 1997 ᖺ 3 ᭶ No.38 ྎᡤࡽࡣࡌࡲࡿሁ⫧࡙ࡃࡾ 㒔ᕷཔ ⰰࡢሁ⫧㑏ඖ㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝ 1998 ᖺ3 ᭶ No.39 ⁺༠፬ே㒊ࡢ⤌⧊ᇶ┙ᙉάືάᛶ ྥࡅ࡚ 2000 ᖺ 3 ᭶ No.41 ዪᛶࡀࡿ 21 ୡ⣖ࡢ⁺ᮧ 2001 ᖺ 3 ᭶ No.42 ᜨ㑣ᕷ㎰ᮧዪᛶࣅࢪ࣭ࣙࣥᥦゝ᭩ 2002 ᖺ3 ᭶ ࠗཷクㄪᰝ◊✲ሗ࿌᭩࠘ ࣭ࡍࡄࢀࡓ㎰ᴗ⤒Ⴀࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍᬽࡽࡋᴗㄪᰝ ⤖ᯝሗ࿌ 1985 ᖺ 3 ᭶ ༓ⴥ┴㎰ᯘ㒊㎰ᴗᨵ Ⰻㄢጤク ࣭㣗ᩱᾘ㈝ᨭฟࡢᅜ㝿ẚ㍑㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝሗ࿌ 1987 ᖺ 3 ᭶ ㎰ᯘỈ⏘┬⮧ᐁᡣㄪᰝㄢጤク ࣭ᩍ⫱ⓗ࡞άືࡢሙࡋ࡚ࡢ㎰ᒣᮧࡢᙺά ⏝㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝሗ࿌ 1989 ᖺ 3 ᭶ ᅜᅵᗇィ ⏬࣭ㄪᩚᒁጤク ࣭㎰ᐙࡢ⏕ά㇋㢮ࡢ⏕⏘࣭⏝≧ἣ㛵ࡍࡿ ㄪᰝሗ࿌ 1987 ᖺ 3 ᭶㹼1990 ᖺ 3 ᭶ ᪥ᮏ ㇋㢮ᇶ㔠༠ጤク ࣭㎰ᮧᆅᇦ࠾ࡅࡿ㇋㢮⏝㸪ᾘ㈝ᣑ㛵ࡍ ࡿㄪᰝሗ࿌ 1991 ᖺ 3 ᭶㹼1994 ᖺ 3 ᭶ ᪥ ᮏ㇋㢮ᇶ㔠༠ጤク ࣭㎰ᮧ⏕ά᪂ᣦᶆ㛤Ⓨᴗሗ࿌̿㎰ᮧ⏕άࡢࡺ ࡾࡢ㐀̿ 1994 ᖺ 3 ᭶ ㎰ᯘỈ⏘┬㎰⏘ ᅬⱁᒁ፬ே࣭⏕άㄢጤク ࣭ࠕ㎰ᴗἲே࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶࡢᑵᴗ᮲௳ࠖ 1995 ᖺ3 ᭶ ㎰ᯘỈ⏘┬⮧ᐁᡣ⏬ㄢጤク ࣭ࠕዪᛶࢆ᰾ࡋࡓ㎰ᒣ⁺ᮧࡢᆅᇦάᛶࢆ᥈ࡿࠖ 1996 ᖺ 3 ᭶ ㎰ᯘỈ⏘┬㎰⏘ᅬⱁᒁጤク ࣭ࠕ㎰ᴗ⤒ႠయࡢⓎᒎࡑࡢせᅉ㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝ◊ ✲ࠖ 1997 ᖺ 3 ᭶ ᪥ᮏ୰ኸ➇㤿᪂㎰ᨻ᥎ 㐍ㄪᰝ◊✲ᴗጤク ࣭ࠕ㓗㎰⤒Ⴀ࣭ᯝᶞ⤒Ⴀ࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶࡢ㈨⏘ᙧᡂࠖ 2000 ᖺ 3 ᭶ ㎰Ỉ┬ዪᛶ࣭ᑵ㎰ㄢጤク ࣭ࠕዪᛶ㎰ᴗ⪅ࡢᆅྥୖ㛵ࡍࡿᐇែㄪᰝࠖ 2000 ᖺ 4 ᭶ ㎰Ỉ┬ዪᛶ࣭ᑵ㎰ㄢጤク ࣭ࠕᐙ᪘⤒Ⴀ༠ᐃࡢᐇ⾜ᛶᚋࡢ᥎㐍ྥࡅ࡚ ̿ዪᛶ㎰ᴗ⪅ࡢཧ⏬᥎㐍ࢆࡵࡊࡋ࡚̿ࠖ2001 ᖺ3 ᭶ ㎰Ỉ┬ዪᛶ࣭ᑵ㎰ㄢጤク ࣭ࠕỈ✄」ྜ⤒Ⴀ࣭⏿స⤒Ⴀ࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶࡢ㈨⏘ ᙧᡂࠖ 2001 ᖺ 3 ᭶ ㎰Ỉ┬ዪᛶ࣭ᑵ㎰ㄢጤ ク ࣭ࠕዪᛶ㎰ᴗ⪅ࡢ㈨⏘ᙧᡂ⤒Ⴀ࣭♫ཧ⏬ࡢ⌧ ≧ࠖ 2002 ᖺ 3 ᭶ ㎰Ỉ┬ዪᛶ࣭ᑵ㎰ㄢጤク ᅇࡢᗙㄯ࡛㕥ᮌ㸦ᕝ㸧㑥ᏊẶࡶࡾ㏉ ࡗ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢㄪᰝ◊✲ࢆ᥎㐍 ࡍࡿ࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ᑐ㇟㎰ᐙࡢ㑅ᐃࡸㄪᰝ⚊౫ 㢗࣭ᅇ࠾࠸࡚ྛ┴ࡢ⏕άᨵⰋᬑཬဨࡀᯝࡓ ࡋࡓᙺࡀࡁࡗࡓࠋ㎰ᮧ⌧ሙࢆࡼࡃ▱ࡾಙ 㢗ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓᆅᇦࡢ⏕άᨵⰋᬑཬဨࡔࡽࡇࡑ㸪 ㄪᰝࡢ㊃᪨ࢆ⌮ゎࡋ㸪ㄪᰝ⚊ࡢᅇ⋡ࡣ┦ᙜ 㧗ࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࠋ ◊✲⤖ᯝࡣ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ࠸࠺ᙧ࡛ࡲࡵࡽࢀ㸪 ࡲࡓ㸪⏕άᨵⰋᬑཬဨࡢㅮ⩦࠸࠺ᙧ࡛⌧ሙ ㏉ࡉࢀ࡚ࡶ࠸ࡗࡓࠋࠕ㎰⏕◊࡛ࠖࡣࠕᆅᇦ♫ ⏕ά◊✲ㅮᗙࠖࢆᐇࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᅜࡢ㒔㐨ᗓ ┴ฟྥࡁ㸪ㅮ⩏ࢆࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪භᮏᮌ1958 ᖺࡘࡃࡽࢀࡓ㎰ᯘ┬⏕άᨵၿㄢࡢ⏕άᨵၿᢏ ⾡◊ಟ㤋࡛ࡣ㸪ࠕ㎰⏕◊ࠖ㛵ಀ⪅ࡶ῝ࡃ㛵ࢃࡾ㸪
ᑓ㛛ᢏ⾡ဨࡢᑓ㛛◊ಟࢆᢸࡗࡓᏳಸẶࡣࡇࡇ࡛ ฟࡗࡓᅜໃࡢ⏕άᨵⰋᬑཬဨࡢࡘ࡞ࡀ ࡾࡀ࡛ࡶ⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋ๓ᅇࡢᗙㄯ㸦᪥ᮏ㎰ ᮧ⏕άᏛ㸦2017㸸32㹼33㸧㸧࡛ࡶ㸪ඖ⏕άᨵ Ⰻᬑཬဨࡢ⚟⏣⨾ὠᯞẶࡸ㈏࠸ࡉᏊẶࡀභᮏ ᮌ◊ಟࡸࠕ㎰⏕◊ࠖࡢ◊✲ሗ࡛ከࡃࢆᏛࢇࡔ ࡇࡀㄒࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡔࡽࡇࡑ㸪2004 ᖺࡢࠕ㎰ ⏕◊ࠖࡢゎᩓࡣ㸪⌧ሙࡢ⏕άᨵⰋᬑཬဨࡗ ࡚ࡶ࡞ࡾࡁ࡞ࢩࣙࢵࢡ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ⏕άᨵⰋ ᬑཬဨࡣ㸪ࠕ㎰⏕◊ࠖࢆኻ࠺ࡇ࡛㸪࡞⌮ㄽ ⓗ㊊ሙࢆኻࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸱㸬ᑓᴗ㎰ᐙࡢᐙィ◊✲ 㸦㸯㸧㎰ᐙᐙィㄪᰝ◊✲ࡢព⩏᪉ἲ ᏳಸẶࡢ◊✲ࡣࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࢇ᫂ࡽࡉ ࢀ࡚ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓ㎰ᐙᐙィ◊✲ࢆ㸪ヲ⣽࡞ᐇែㄪ ᰝࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ᵓ⠏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡶࡢࡔࡗࡓ 6)ࠋᏳಸ Ặࡢ㎰ᐙᐙィ◊✲ᡂᯝࡣ㧗ᗘ⤒῭ᡂ㛗௨㝆ࡢ㇏ ࡉࢆᐇ⌧ࡋࡓࡉࢀࡿ㎰ᐙ࠾࠸࡚㸪⤒Ⴀ ᐙィࢆ࠸ࡗࡓࢇ᫂☜ศࡅࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚㸪࠸ ࢃࡺࡿ⤒Ⴀࡢᐇࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪⏕ά⤒῭ࡢษ ࡉࢆ⨨࡙ࡅ㸪ࡑࡢࡇࡼࡗ࡚⏕άࡢᐇ㸪 ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠕᗣ࡛ᛌ㐺࡛㇏࡞⏕άࠖ㸦㎰ᮧ⏕ά ⥲ྜ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸦1986㸸3㸧㸧ࢆぢࡘࡵ┤ࡑ࠺ ࡋࡓࡇࢁ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓ㸪ᐙィࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡣᐙ ィࡢࢧࣇࡣࡦࡘ࡛࠶ࡿᤊ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ ࡔࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ㎰ᐙᐙィࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡣ ༑ศ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆᐇែㄪᰝࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡽᐇドࡋ㸪 ᐙ᪘ဨࡦࡾࡦࡾࡢಶࡋ࡚ࡢᐙィࡶ╔┠ ࡍࡿᚲせᛶ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ᐙィࡢᐙ᪘ෆᵓ㐀ࡶ╔┠ ࡍࡿᚲせᛶࢆᥦ♧ࡋࡓ࠸࠺Ⅼ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ᏳಸẶࡣࠕ㎰⏕◊ࠖ࠾࠸࡚㸪≉ᰝࡋ ࡚㛵ࢃࡗࡓࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ3 ᮏࡀ⮬㌟ࡢ◊✲ࡢ ࡁ࡞ᡂᯝ࡞ࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࠋሗ࿌᭩ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ձ ࠕ㎰ᴗࡢᆺ㎰ᐙ⏕άࠖ㸦㎰ᮧ⏕ά⥲ྜ◊✲ ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸦1986㸧㸧ղࠕ᪂ࡋ࠸ศᯒᡭἲࡼࡿ㎰ ᐙࡢᐙィᵓ㐀ࠖ㸦㎰ᮧ⏕ά⥲ྜ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ 㸦1989㸧㸧ճࠕ⏕άࡢどⅬࡽࡢ⤒Ⴀయホ౯ᡭἲࠖ 㸦㎰ᮧ⏕ά⥲ྜ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸦1998㸧㸧ࡋ࡚ࡲ ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢ㞟ᡂࡋ࡚Ᏻಸ㸦2005㸧ࡀ ࠶ࡾ㔜せᩥ⊩࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᏳಸẶࡢ◊✲ࡢព ࢆ᥈ࡿࡓࡵࡣࡸࡣࡾୖグ3 ᮏࡢ࣏࣮ࣞࢺࡢ ⨨࡙ࡅ≉ពࡀ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪3 ᮏ ࡢ࣏࣮ࣞࢺࡣᴗࡋ࡚ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀಶูࡢࣉ ࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡗࡓࡢࡔࡀ㸪ᏳಸẶࡢ◊✲ᒎ 㛤࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ձᑐ㇟ࡢฟ࠸◊✲ㄢ㢟ࡢ Ẽ࡙ࡁЍղㄢ㢟ᑐ㇟ࡢᵓ㐀ゎ᫂Ѝճᡭἲ㛤Ⓨ ◊✲ࡢ⌧ሙ㑏ඖ࠸࠺㸪㐃⥆ࡘ㐍ᒎ㐣⛬࡛࠶ ࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᏳಸẶࡗ࡚ࡇࡢ㐣 ⛬ࡣ⮬㌟ࡢ◊✲⤒㦂ࡽ⮬↛Ṍࡲࢀࡓ◊✲᪉ ἲࡔࡗࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺ᛮࢃࢀࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࡢ◊✲᪉ἲ ࡣࡲࡓᬑཬဨࡢάື᪉ἲࡶ㔜࡞ࡿࠋ ௨ୗ࡛ࡣ㸪3 ᮏࡢ࣏࣮ࣞࢺἢࡗ࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡒ ࢀࡢ㐣⛬ࡈᏳಸẶࡢ◊✲ᡂᯝࡢせⅬࢆ♧ࡍࠋ ࡞࠾㸪ᏳಸẶࡢ◊✲ᡂᯝࡣࠕ㎰⏕◊࡛ࠖࡢ◊✲ 㝈ࡽࡎⴭ᭩ࡸㄽᩥࡲࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡣ ゝ࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࡍ࡚ゐࢀࡿ‽ ഛࡀ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪3 ᮏࡢ࣏࣮ࣞࢺࢆ୰ᚰࡍ ࡿ㎰ᐙᐙィ◊✲↔Ⅼࢆ⤠ࡾࡓ࠸ࠋ 㸯㸧ඃࢀࡓᑓᴗ㎰ᐙࡢฟ࠸ ̿ᑐ㇟ࡢฟ࠸◊✲ㄢ㢟ࡢẼ࡙ࡁ ᏳಸẶࡢ◊✲࠾࠸࡚㸪ࡲࡎ㔜せࡔࡗࡓࡢࡣ ᑐ㇟ࡢฟ࠸࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ඃࢀࡓᑓᴗ㎰ᐙࡢฟ࠸࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕᑓᴗ㎰ᐙࡣ㸪 ࡍࡄࢀࡓᐙ᪘⩌࠸࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ ࡢ☜ಙࢆࡶࡘࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋ͐͐᪥ࡢᑓᴗⓗ ㎰ᐙࡢඃࢀࡓႠࡳࢆᗈࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀᚲせ࡞ࡢ ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠖ㸦Ᏻಸ㸦2005㸸164㸧㸧ࠋ ᏳಸẶࡀ᭱ึฟࡗࡓࡢࡣ㸪80 ᖺ௦ᙜ㎰ ᴗᡤᚓࡀ⏫ᮧᅾఫࡢປ⪅ୡᖏࡵඛධྠ Ỉ‽࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ព࡛ࡢࠕ⮬❧⤒Ⴀ㎰ᐙࠖ ࡋ࡚ࡢᆺ⤒Ⴀ㎰ᐙࡔࡗࡓࠋࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡛ࡣ 㓗㎰㎰ᐙタᅬⱁ㎰ᐙࢆ㑅ᐃࡋ㸪௨ୗࡢㄪᰝ ࢆᐇࡋࡓࠋ ձ ᑐ㇟㎰ᐙࡢᆺࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ⤫୍ⓗ ᤊ࠼ࡿẁ㝵༊ศࢆタᐃࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ ͆ࢃࡀᐙࡢṌࡳグ㘓͇ ղ ୍ᖺ㛫㸦1984 ᖺ 1 ᭶㹼12 ᭶㸧ࡢᐙィ⡙グ㘓 ⤒Ⴀ⡙ググ㘓 ճ ㎰⦾ᮇ㎰㛩ᮇูࡢྛᮇࡑࢀࡒࢀఇ᪥ࢆࡣ ࡉࡴ4 ᪥㛫ࡢᐙ᪘ဨဨࡢ⏕ά㛫グ㘓 մ ⪔ᆅࡢ㈚ࡑࡢ⠊ᅖ㸪ෙ፧ⴿ⚍ࢆྵࡴ 㝿㛵ಀࡢ⌧≧ࡑࡢኚ㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝ յ ⤒Ⴀ࣭⏕ά㐠Ⴀࡢཧ⏬≧ἣ࣭ㄆ▱ᗘ㸪ពྥ ㄪᰝ ࡇࢀࡽㄪᰝࡣ⌧ᅾࡢ♫≧ἣ⏕ࡁࡿ⚾ࡓࡕ ࡽࡍࡿ㸪࡞ࡾࣉ࣮ࣛ࣋ࢺ㋃ࡳ㎸ࢇࡔ ࡶࡢ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ぢ࠼ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ヲ ⣽࡞ㄪᰝ⚊࡙ࡃࡾࡣ㸪ᙜࡋ࡚ࡣㄪᰝ◊✲ࡢ ᇶ♏࡛࠶ࡾ㸪Ỵࡋ࡚≉ู࡞࠶ࡾ᪉࡛ࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࡋࡋ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ヲ⣽࡞ㄪᰝࢆ㸪ࡋࡶ㔞ⓗ ࡶᐇࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡢࡣ㸪⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡾᅔ㞴 ࡞࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕ㎰⏕◊࡛ࠖࡣ㸪ᙜࡇ࠺ࡋࡓㄪᰝࢆᅜྛ
ᑓ㛛ᢏ⾡ဨࡢᑓ㛛◊ಟࢆᢸࡗࡓᏳಸẶࡣࡇࡇ࡛ ฟࡗࡓᅜໃࡢ⏕άᨵⰋᬑཬဨࡢࡘ࡞ࡀ ࡾࡀ࡛ࡶ⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋ๓ᅇࡢᗙㄯ㸦᪥ᮏ㎰ ᮧ⏕άᏛ㸦2017㸸32㹼33㸧㸧࡛ࡶ㸪ඖ⏕άᨵ Ⰻᬑཬဨࡢ⚟⏣⨾ὠᯞẶࡸ㈏࠸ࡉᏊẶࡀභᮏ ᮌ◊ಟࡸࠕ㎰⏕◊ࠖࡢ◊✲ሗ࡛ከࡃࢆᏛࢇࡔ ࡇࡀㄒࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡔࡽࡇࡑ㸪2004 ᖺࡢࠕ㎰ ⏕◊ࠖࡢゎᩓࡣ㸪⌧ሙࡢ⏕άᨵⰋᬑཬဨࡗ ࡚ࡶ࡞ࡾࡁ࡞ࢩࣙࢵࢡ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ⏕άᨵⰋ ᬑཬဨࡣ㸪ࠕ㎰⏕◊ࠖࢆኻ࠺ࡇ࡛㸪࡞⌮ㄽ ⓗ㊊ሙࢆኻࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸱㸬ᑓᴗ㎰ᐙࡢᐙィ◊✲ 㸦㸯㸧㎰ᐙᐙィㄪᰝ◊✲ࡢព⩏᪉ἲ ᏳಸẶࡢ◊✲ࡣࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࢇ᫂ࡽࡉ ࢀ࡚ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓ㎰ᐙᐙィ◊✲ࢆ㸪ヲ⣽࡞ᐇែㄪ ᰝࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ᵓ⠏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡶࡢࡔࡗࡓ 6)ࠋᏳಸ Ặࡢ㎰ᐙᐙィ◊✲ᡂᯝࡣ㧗ᗘ⤒῭ᡂ㛗௨㝆ࡢ㇏ ࡉࢆᐇ⌧ࡋࡓࡉࢀࡿ㎰ᐙ࠾࠸࡚㸪⤒Ⴀ ᐙィࢆ࠸ࡗࡓࢇ᫂☜ศࡅࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚㸪࠸ ࢃࡺࡿ⤒Ⴀࡢᐇࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪⏕ά⤒῭ࡢษ ࡉࢆ⨨࡙ࡅ㸪ࡑࡢࡇࡼࡗ࡚⏕άࡢᐇ㸪 ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠕᗣ࡛ᛌ㐺࡛㇏࡞⏕άࠖ㸦㎰ᮧ⏕ά ⥲ྜ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸦1986㸸3㸧㸧ࢆぢࡘࡵ┤ࡑ࠺ ࡋࡓࡇࢁ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓ㸪ᐙィࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡣᐙ ィࡢࢧࣇࡣࡦࡘ࡛࠶ࡿᤊ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ ࡔࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ㎰ᐙᐙィࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡣ ༑ศ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆᐇែㄪᰝࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡽᐇドࡋ㸪 ᐙ᪘ဨࡦࡾࡦࡾࡢಶࡋ࡚ࡢᐙィࡶ╔┠ ࡍࡿᚲせᛶ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ᐙィࡢᐙ᪘ෆᵓ㐀ࡶ╔┠ ࡍࡿᚲせᛶࢆᥦ♧ࡋࡓ࠸࠺Ⅼ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ᏳಸẶࡣࠕ㎰⏕◊ࠖ࠾࠸࡚㸪≉ᰝࡋ ࡚㛵ࢃࡗࡓࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ3 ᮏࡀ⮬㌟ࡢ◊✲ࡢ ࡁ࡞ᡂᯝ࡞ࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࠋሗ࿌᭩ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ձ ࠕ㎰ᴗࡢᆺ㎰ᐙ⏕άࠖ㸦㎰ᮧ⏕ά⥲ྜ◊✲ ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸦1986㸧㸧ղࠕ᪂ࡋ࠸ศᯒᡭἲࡼࡿ㎰ ᐙࡢᐙィᵓ㐀ࠖ㸦㎰ᮧ⏕ά⥲ྜ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ 㸦1989㸧㸧ճࠕ⏕άࡢどⅬࡽࡢ⤒Ⴀయホ౯ᡭἲࠖ 㸦㎰ᮧ⏕ά⥲ྜ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸦1998㸧㸧ࡋ࡚ࡲ ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢ㞟ᡂࡋ࡚Ᏻಸ㸦2005㸧ࡀ ࠶ࡾ㔜せᩥ⊩࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᏳಸẶࡢ◊✲ࡢព ࢆ᥈ࡿࡓࡵࡣࡸࡣࡾୖグ3 ᮏࡢ࣏࣮ࣞࢺࡢ ⨨࡙ࡅ≉ពࡀ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪3 ᮏ ࡢ࣏࣮ࣞࢺࡣᴗࡋ࡚ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀಶูࡢࣉ ࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡗࡓࡢࡔࡀ㸪ᏳಸẶࡢ◊✲ᒎ 㛤࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ձᑐ㇟ࡢฟ࠸◊✲ㄢ㢟ࡢ Ẽ࡙ࡁЍղㄢ㢟ᑐ㇟ࡢᵓ㐀ゎ᫂Ѝճᡭἲ㛤Ⓨ ◊✲ࡢ⌧ሙ㑏ඖ࠸࠺㸪㐃⥆ࡘ㐍ᒎ㐣⛬࡛࠶ ࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᏳಸẶࡗ࡚ࡇࡢ㐣 ⛬ࡣ⮬㌟ࡢ◊✲⤒㦂ࡽ⮬↛Ṍࡲࢀࡓ◊✲᪉ ἲࡔࡗࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺ᛮࢃࢀࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࡢ◊✲᪉ἲ ࡣࡲࡓᬑཬဨࡢάື᪉ἲࡶ㔜࡞ࡿࠋ ௨ୗ࡛ࡣ㸪3 ᮏࡢ࣏࣮ࣞࢺἢࡗ࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡒ ࢀࡢ㐣⛬ࡈᏳಸẶࡢ◊✲ᡂᯝࡢせⅬࢆ♧ࡍࠋ ࡞࠾㸪ᏳಸẶࡢ◊✲ᡂᯝࡣࠕ㎰⏕◊࡛ࠖࡢ◊✲ 㝈ࡽࡎⴭ᭩ࡸㄽᩥࡲࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡣ ゝ࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࡍ࡚ゐࢀࡿ‽ ഛࡀ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪3 ᮏࡢ࣏࣮ࣞࢺࢆ୰ᚰࡍ ࡿ㎰ᐙᐙィ◊✲↔Ⅼࢆ⤠ࡾࡓ࠸ࠋ 㸯㸧ඃࢀࡓᑓᴗ㎰ᐙࡢฟ࠸ ̿ᑐ㇟ࡢฟ࠸◊✲ㄢ㢟ࡢẼ࡙ࡁ ᏳಸẶࡢ◊✲࠾࠸࡚㸪ࡲࡎ㔜せࡔࡗࡓࡢࡣ ᑐ㇟ࡢฟ࠸࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ඃࢀࡓᑓᴗ㎰ᐙࡢฟ࠸࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕᑓᴗ㎰ᐙࡣ㸪 ࡍࡄࢀࡓᐙ᪘⩌࠸࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ ࡢ☜ಙࢆࡶࡘࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋ͐͐᪥ࡢᑓᴗⓗ ㎰ᐙࡢඃࢀࡓႠࡳࢆᗈࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀᚲせ࡞ࡢ ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠖ㸦Ᏻಸ㸦2005㸸164㸧㸧ࠋ ᏳಸẶࡀ᭱ึฟࡗࡓࡢࡣ㸪80 ᖺ௦ᙜ㎰ ᴗᡤᚓࡀ⏫ᮧᅾఫࡢປ⪅ୡᖏࡵඛධྠ Ỉ‽࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ព࡛ࡢࠕ⮬❧⤒Ⴀ㎰ᐙࠖ ࡋ࡚ࡢᆺ⤒Ⴀ㎰ᐙࡔࡗࡓࠋࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡛ࡣ 㓗㎰㎰ᐙタᅬⱁ㎰ᐙࢆ㑅ᐃࡋ㸪௨ୗࡢㄪᰝ ࢆᐇࡋࡓࠋ ձ ᑐ㇟㎰ᐙࡢᆺࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ⤫୍ⓗ ᤊ࠼ࡿẁ㝵༊ศࢆタᐃࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ ͆ࢃࡀᐙࡢṌࡳグ㘓͇ ղ ୍ᖺ㛫㸦1984 ᖺ 1 ᭶㹼12 ᭶㸧ࡢᐙィ⡙グ㘓 ⤒Ⴀ⡙ググ㘓 ճ ㎰⦾ᮇ㎰㛩ᮇูࡢྛᮇࡑࢀࡒࢀఇ᪥ࢆࡣ ࡉࡴ4 ᪥㛫ࡢᐙ᪘ဨဨࡢ⏕ά㛫グ㘓 մ ⪔ᆅࡢ㈚ࡑࡢ⠊ᅖ㸪ෙ፧ⴿ⚍ࢆྵࡴ 㝿㛵ಀࡢ⌧≧ࡑࡢኚ㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝ յ ⤒Ⴀ࣭⏕ά㐠Ⴀࡢཧ⏬≧ἣ࣭ㄆ▱ᗘ㸪ពྥ ㄪᰝ ࡇࢀࡽㄪᰝࡣ⌧ᅾࡢ♫≧ἣ⏕ࡁࡿ⚾ࡓࡕ ࡽࡍࡿ㸪࡞ࡾࣉ࣮ࣛ࣋ࢺ㋃ࡳ㎸ࢇࡔ ࡶࡢ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ぢ࠼ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ヲ ⣽࡞ㄪᰝ⚊࡙ࡃࡾࡣ㸪ᙜࡋ࡚ࡣㄪᰝ◊✲ࡢ ᇶ♏࡛࠶ࡾ㸪Ỵࡋ࡚≉ู࡞࠶ࡾ᪉࡛ࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࡋࡋ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ヲ⣽࡞ㄪᰝࢆ㸪ࡋࡶ㔞ⓗ ࡶᐇࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡢࡣ㸪⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡾᅔ㞴 ࡞࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕ㎰⏕◊࡛ࠖࡣ㸪ᙜࡇ࠺ࡋࡓㄪᰝࢆᅜྛ ᆅࡢ⌧ᆅ࡛㎰ᐙಙ㢗ࡉࢀࡓᬑཬဨࡢ㐃ᦠ༠ຊ ࡢࡶ⾜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ㎰ᮧ◊✲ࡀᬑཬဨ࠸ ࠺ேࢆࡋ࡚⤖ࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡣ㸪࡛ࡶ Ꮫࡪࡁࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋᬑཬࡢ ࡣᆅᇦ♫ධࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪◊✲ࡶ ࡲࡓࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࡇࡢᘏ㛗ࡋ࡚㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᆅᇦ ࡢ࢜ࣝ࢞ࢼࢬࡢ୍ဨࡋ࡚࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡀ ゝ࠼࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ᏳಸẶࡣୖグㄪᰝࢆࡶᐙィᵓ㐀ࡘ࠸࡚ ᳨ドࡋ㸪ࡑࡇࡽᆺ⤒Ⴀ㎰ᐙࡢᐙィᵓ㐀ࡢ≉ ᚩࡋ࡚㸪≉ḟࡢ◊✲ㄢ㢟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ௨ୗ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ศᯒ⤖ᯝࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓࠋ ձᐙィᨭฟࡣᏘ⠇ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪≉タᅬⱁ ㎰ᐙࡣ㎰⦾ᮇᾘ㈝ࡀⴠࡕ㎸ࡴഴྥ࠶ࡿ ղᐙィ㈝⏝ࡢୖࢆ༨ࡵࡿࡢࡣ㸪㣧㣗㈝㸪ࡇ ࡙࠸࣭㏦㔠㸪㝿㈝ࡢ3 ㈝┠࡛࠶ࡿ ճᾘ㈝ᙧែࡣᐙ᪘ᵓᡂ㸦ୡ௦ᩘ㸧࣭ᐙ᪘࿘ᮇࡢ ࢫࢸ࣮ࢪࡼࡾつᐃࡉࢀࡿ մୡᖏဨಶࠎே࡛ࡳࡿ㸪ᚋ⥅⪅ࡸࡑࡢࡢ Ꮚ౪ᑐࡍࡿᨭฟ㞟୰ࡋ㸪⤒Ⴀࡢጔࡢࡓࡵ ࡢᨭฟࡣࡈࡃࢃࡎࡋ࡞࠸ յ⌧≀ᾘ㈝ࡣᾘ㈝ᨭฟィࡢ14㸣ࢆ༨ࡵ㸪ࡑࢀ ࡀᐙィཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࡣ↓どࡋ࠼࡞࠸ ࡇࡇ࡛≉ᏳಸẶࡢ◊✲యᙧᡂࡗ࡚㔜 せࡔࡗࡓᛮࢃࢀࡿࡢࡣ㸪ᐙィࢆୡᖏ⥔ᣢ㛵 ࢃࡿ㈝┠㓄ศࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃୡᖏဨಶࠎேࡢ㓄ศ ≧ἣࢆࡶศᯒࡋࡓ࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡇࡽ⤒ Ⴀࡢጔࡢࡓࡵࡢᨭฟ㢠ࡀᴟ➃ᑡ࡞࠸ഴྥ ࡞ࡿ࠸࠺ᐇࢆⓎぢࡋࡓⅬ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᏳಸẶࡣ㸪 ⤒῭ᡂ㛗࣭⤒ႠⓎᒎ࠸࠺ගᙳࡢ㒊ศࢆ᫂ࡽ ࡍࡿㄢ㢟Ⓨ᥀◊✲࡛࠶ࡗࡓㄒࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸰㸧᪂ࡋ࠸ศᯒᡭἲࡼࡿ㎰ᐙࡢᐙィᵓ㐀 ̿ㄢ㢟ᑐ㇟ࡢᵓ㐀ゎ᫂ Ᏻ ಸ Ặ ࡀ ㎰ ᐙ ࡢ ᐙ ィ ㄪ ᰝ ◊ ✲ ࢆ ⾜ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ 1980㹼90 ᖺ௦ࡣ㸪㎰ᮧࡗ࡚ኚᐜࡢ௦࡛ࡶ ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ㎰ᴗ⏕⏘࠾࠸࡚ࡣᶵᲔ࣭༢స➼ ࡀ㐍ࡳ㸪ୡᖏဨࡀ㎰እᑵᴗࡍࡿ㎰ᐙࡀ୍⯡ ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᖺ㔠➼ࡢ♫ಖ㞀ไᗘࡀᩚഛࡉࢀ ࡓࠋᐙィࡋ࡚ࡣ㎰እᑵᴗୡᖏဨࡸ㎰ᐙ㧗㱋⪅ ࡢಶே㔞ࡼࡿࢧࣇࡀ⏕ࡌ㸪ࡦࡘࡢ㎰ᐙ ෆ࡛⤒Ⴀࡀᣢࡘࢧࣇࡢࡶ」ᩘࡢಶேⓗ ࡞ࢧࣇࡀᣢࡓࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ♫ ኚࡢ୰࡛㸪ࢧࣇࡣᐙࡦࡘ࠸࠺๓ᥦ ❧ࡗࡓᚑ᮶ࡢㄪᰝ◊✲ᡭἲࢆぢ┤ࡍᚲせࡀ⏕ ࡌࡓࠋ ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ᏳಸẶࡀᥦ♧ࡋࡓࡢࡀ㸪⤒Ⴀጤ ࡡࡽࢀ࡚㣗㈝࣭ఫᒃ㈝࣭ග⇕Ỉ㐨㈝➼ࡢୡᖏ⥔ ᣢ㈝ࡢከࡃࢆᣐฟࡍࡿࠕࢧࣇࠖ㸪ྛୡᖏ ဨࡢ㔞ጤࡡࡽࢀ࡚ಶே⥔ᣢ㈝ࢆᣐฟࡍ ࡿࠕᑠࢧࣇࠖࡢᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ㄪᰝࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡩࡓࡘࡢᴫᛕࢆࡶ㸪ࢧ ࣇࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿᡭẁࡋ࡚ࡢࠕᐙィ⡙ඖᖒࠖ㸦ᐙ ィ⡙ඖᖒ࣭ᐙィ࡛ࡗࡓ⮬ᐙ⏕⏘≀⾲ཱྀ࣭ᗙ⮬ ືᘬࡁⴠࡋ୍ぴ⾲ࡢ୍ᘧ㸧ᑠࢧࣇᢕᥱ ࡋ࡚ࡢࠕࡇ࡙࠸ᖒࠖࡢࡩࡓࡘࡢᖒ⡙ࢆసᡂࡋ㸪 ከୡ௦ྠᒃࡢ㎰ᐙ21 ᡞࢆᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚ 1 ᖺ㛫 ࡢグᖒࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ㞟ィࡋ㸪ヲ⣽ࡘ⭾࡞ศᯒࢆ ᐇࡋࡓࠋ ヲ⣽࡞ཎࢹ࣮ࢱ⭾࡞ศᯒࡢ㈗㔜ᛶࡣࡶࡕ ࢁࢇ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࡢ◊✲ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚Ẽ࡙ࡉࢀࡿ ࡢࡣ㸪ᏳಸẶࡢᐙィ◊✲ࡀ༢⤒Ⴀデ᩿ࡍࡿࡇ ࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡗࡓ࠸࠺ព⩏࡛࠶ࡿࠋ Ᏻಸ㸦2005㸸108㸧ࡣ⮬㌟ࡢ◊✲ࡢពࢆ㸪ࠕྠ ୍ୡᖏෆ」ᩘᏑᅾࡍࡿࢧࣇࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ┦ 㛫ࡢ㔠㖹ࡢὶࢀ㸪࡞࠸ࡋὶࢀ᪉ࢆศᯒࡍࡿࡇ ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㸪᪥ࡢ㎰ᐙࡢᐙ᪘㛵ಀࡢᐇែゝཬ ࡍࡿࡇࢆヨࡳࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ᐙィయࡢ࡞ ࡛ࡢ㈌ᖯࡢὶࢀ࣭ὶࢀ᪉ࡑࡢᐙ᪘ࡢᐙ᪘㛵ಀ ࡀᫎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢㄆ㆑❧ࡗࡓᐙィศᯒ࡛࠶ ࡿࠖ㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪ᏳಸẶࡢ㎰ᐙᐙィ ㄽࡣࡑࡢඛ㎰ᐙᐙ᪘ㄽࢆぢࡘࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ ࡿࠋᏳಸẶࡣᐙィࡢᮏ㉁ࡘ࠸࡚௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺ ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋ ࠕᐙィࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿධᨭฟࡢ2 ࡘࡢὶࢀࢆ ㄪᩚࡋࡘࡘ㸪ᐙ᪘ဨဨࡢᨭฟ㓄ศࢆྜ⌮ⓗ ⾜࠾࠺ࡍࡿ࠶ࡿ⛛ᗎࡀୡᖏ࠶ࡽࢃࢀࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡀᐙィ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢᇶ♏ⓗ࡞༢ࡀᐙ᪘࡛ ࠶ࡾ㸪ᐙィࢆඹ᭷ࡋ㸪⟶⌮ࡍࡿ⾜Ⅽࡀ⾜࡞ࢃࢀ ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࡢᐙィࡢඹ᭷ࡣ㸪ධࡢ࡞࠸ேࠎࢆᢇ 㣴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ⤒῭ไᗘࡋ࡚ࡢྜ⌮ᛶࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠸ ࡿࠖࠋ㸦Ᏻಸ㸦2005㸸136㸧 ⌧௦♫࠾ࡅࡿᐙィࡢಶูࡣ㸪⌧௦ᐙ᪘ ㄽ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᕷẸ♫ㄽࡽࡍࢀࡤࠕಶࠎேࡢ⮬ ᚊᛶ㸪యᛶࡢ☜❧ࠖࡶᤊ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࡋࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡣ୍᪉࡛ࠕᐙᗞࡢ⤫ᣓ⟶⌮ᶵ⬟ࠖ ࡢ႙ኻ㸪ࠕᐙ᪘ဨࡢࣂࣛࣂࣛࠖ㸪ࠕᐙᗞ⏕ά࣭ᐙ ᪘ࡢᔂቯࠖࡢ㞄ࡾྜࢃࡏ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᏳಸẶࡣࡑ ࠺ࡋࡓ⌧௦ᐙ᪘ㄽᑐࡋ࡚㸪ᐙィࡀࡦࡾࡢே 㛫ࡢ⟶⌮⊂ࡉࢀࡎ㸪ᐙ᪘ෆࡢヰࡋྜ࠸ࡢ࡞ ࡛ㄪᩚࡉࢀ㸪⤒Ⴀࡀ⥔ᣢࡉࢀ㸪ᐙࡀ⥔ᣢࡉࢀ ࡿ㸪ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞㎰ᐙࡢᐙィࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ព⩏ࢆぢ ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸱㸧⏕άࡢどⅬࡽࡢ⤒Ⴀయホ౯ᡭἲ ̿ᡭἲ㛤Ⓨ◊✲ࡢ⌧ሙ㑏ඖ ᏳಸẶࡢ㎰ᐙᐙィ◊✲ࡣ㸪⌧ሙᙺ❧ࡓࡏࡿ ࡓࡵ㸪㎰ᐙ⮬ࡽࡀႠ㎰࣭⏕άᨵၿィ⏬ࢆࡘࡃࡿ
㝿ࡸᬑཬဨࡀ㎰ᐙࢆᣦᑟࡍࡿ㝿ᙺ❧ࡘホ౯ᡭ ἲࡢ㛤Ⓨ㐍ࢇࡔࠋ⫼ᬒࡣ㎰ᯘỈ⏘┬ࡀ 1992 ᖺᥦ♧ࡋࡓࠕ୰㛗ᮇࣅࢪࣙࣥࠖࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ≉㎰ᐙዪᛶࡢ㐺ṇ࡞ホ౯ᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞㎰ᴗࢆ ࠺ᐇ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࠸࠺ᨻ⟇ㄢ㢟ࡀᾋୖࡋ ࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛㸪㎰ᐙࢆ⤒῭ྜ⌮ᛶࡢࡳุ࡛᩿ࡍࡿ ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ձ⤒Ⴀࡢᛶ㸪ղᵓᡂဨࡢ⏕ࡁ ⏥ᩫ㸪ճᵓᡂဨࡢᗣࡢ㓄៖ุ᩿ᇶ‽ࢆ⨨ ࡁ㸪⤒Ⴀయホ౯⏕άࡢどⅬࢆຍ࠼ࡿヨࡳࢆࡋ ࡓࠋ ᡭἲࡣ4 ࡘࡢࢫࢸࢵࣉ⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࡽࢀࡓࠋ➨ 1 ࢫࢸࢵࣉ㸸⤒Ⴀ⡙㸪ᐙィ⡙㸪⏕ά㛫グ㘓㸪ࠕ⏕ ά㔜どᗘࢳ࢙ࢵࢡ⾲ࠖࡢグ㘓Ѝ➨ 2 ࢫࢸࢵ ࣉ㸸グ㘓ࡢ㞟ィ࣭ᩚ⌮ࠕ⏕ά㔜どᆺ㎰ᐙ⤒Ⴀ⥲ ᣓ⾲ࠖЍ➨3 ࢫࢸࢵࣉ㸸デ᩿Ѝ➨ 4 ࢫࢸࢵࣉ㸸 ࣉࣛࣥࢽࣥࢢ ࡇࡢホ౯ᡭἲࡣ㸪ከࡃࡢᬑཬဨࡸ㎰ᐙࡀᏛࡧ㸪 ᐇ㊶ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᡭἲ㛤Ⓨ◊✲ ࢆᇶ♏ࡋࡓᏳಸ㸦1997㸧ࡣ᪥ᮏ㎰ᮧ⏕άᏛ ࠾࠸࡚㧗࠸ホ౯ࢆཷࡅ㸪2002 ᖺᗘࡢᏛ㈹ࡀ ㉗ࡽࢀࡓࠋ 㸲㸬ᏳಸẶࡢ㎰ᐙᐙィㄪᰝᏛࡪ◊✲᪉ἲ ᏳಸẶࡀ 1998 ᖺ⏕άࡢどⅬࡽࡢ⤒Ⴀయ ホ౯ᡭἲࢆୡၥ࠺࡚ࡽ㸪20 ᖺࡀ⤒ࡗࡓࠋ᭱ ᚋ㸪ᏳಸẶࡢ㎰ᐙᐙィ◊✲ࢆ㸪◊✲᪉ἲࡢど Ⅼࡽព࡙ࡅ㸪ࡑࡇࡽࡇࢀࡽࡢ㎰ᮧ⏕ά ◊✲ࡘ࠸࡚ⅬࡢㄽⅬࢆᣲࡆࡓ࠸ࠋ ➨୍ࡣ㸪ᏳಸẶࡢ㎰ᐙᐙィ◊✲ࡣ⏕άᨵⰋ ᬑཬဨࡢ㐃ᦠࡼࡗ࡚ᒎ㛤ࡋࡓ࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛࠶ ࡿࠋ◊✲࠸࠺⌮ㄽᵓ⠏㸪ᬑཬ࠸࠺ᐇ㊶ᵓ ⠏ࡢ㐃ᦠࡀ㸪ࡲࡉ㎰ᮧࡋࡗࡾ㊊ሙࢆ⨨ ࡁ㸪㎰ᮧ✺ࡁ่ࡉࡿ῝ࡉࢆ࠼࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡔ ࡽࡇࡑ㸪ᏳಸẶࡢ◊✲ࡢሙࡔࡗࡓࠕ㎰⏕◊ࠖࡢ ゎᩓࡣ⏕άᨵⰋᬑཬဨࡗ࡚ࡶࡁ࡞③ᡭ ࡞ࡾ㸪⏕άᨵၿᬑཬไᗘࡢᙅయࡣ㸪㸪㎰ᮧ ⏕ά◊✲ࡢពࢆぢ࠼࡙ࡽࡃࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡳࡿࡇࡶ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࡾ㏉ࡗ࡚㸪⌧ᅾࡢ⚾ࡓࡕࡣ㸪㎰ᮧ✺ࡁ่ ࡉࡿ◊✲ࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡞ࢸ࣮࣐࡞ ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡣ ࡘ࡚ࡢᬑཬဨࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᆅᇦࡶ⏕ࡁࡼ࠺ ࡍࡿ࢜ࣝ࢞ࢼࢨ࣮ࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ꮡᅾࡶ㔜せ࡞ࡿ ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ➨ࡣ㸪ᏳಸẶࡢ㎰ᐙᐙィ◊✲ࡢᑐ㇟ࡣ㸪 ⮬❧⤒Ⴀࡋ࡚ࡢከୡ௦ྠᒃᑓᴗ㎰ᐙ⨨ࢀ ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ୍㈏ࡋ࡚◊✲ᑐ㇟ീࢆ㈏࠸ࡓᏳಸẶࡔ ࡽࡇࡑ㸪ᑓᴗ㎰ᐙࡢࡇࢆ῝ࡃ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡇ㐪࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡓࡔ㸪୍᪉࡛㸪⌧ᐇ ࡢ㎰ᮧ࡛ࡣᑓᴗ㎰ᐙࡣࡈࡃᑡ࡞࠸య࡞ࡾ㸪 වᴗᙧែࡶᵝࠎ㸪㠀㎰ᐙࡢ࠺ࡀከ࠸ࡢࡀ୍⯡ ⓗ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㎰ᐙࡢᐙ᪘㛵ಀࡸᵓ㐀ࡶ ࡞ࡾከᵝ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪Ꮫ㝿ⓗ࡞㛵ᚰ ࡛ゝ࠼ࡤ㸪1980 ᖺ௦㡭ࡽࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ㄽࡸ᭷ᶵ ㎰ᴗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀฟ࡚ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪㎰ᐙዪ ᛶࡶᑡ࡞ࡽࡠᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡔࢁ࠺ࡀ㸪 ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡞㎰ᮧࡢኚᑐࡋ࡚ࡢ㎰ᮧ⏕ά◊ ✲ࡢษࡾ㎸ࡳࡣᙅࡗࡓࡼ࠺ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ ⚾ࡓࡕࡣ࠸ࡲ㸪ࡶࡗᑀ㎰ᮧ⏕άࡢᐇែ ᢕᥱࢆࡍࡁࡁ࡚࠸ࡿឤࡌࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪 ௦ࡢ✺ࡁ่ࡉࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௦ࡢ✺ࡁ่ࡉ ࡾ㛵㐃ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪㎰ᨻࡢ┦ᑐ࠸࠺ㄢ㢟ࡶ࠶ ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ◊✲⪅ࡋ࡚ࡢ❧ࡕ⨨ࡢၥ㢟࡛࠶ ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣㄽⅬࡢᥦ♧௨ୖࡢ‽ഛࡣ࡞࠸ࡢࡔ ࡀ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵ ࡶ㸪㎰ᮧ⏕ά◊✲Ꮫࡪᚲせࡣࡲࡔࡲࡔ࠶ࡿࠋ ὀ 1㸧᪥ᮏ㎰ᮧ⏕άᏛ㸦2017㸸36㸧ࢆཧ↷ࡢࡇࠋ 2㸧ᮏ⠇ࡣࡋ࡚ᏳಸᏊẶࡽࡢࣄࣜࣥࢢ ᣐࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 3㸧ࠕ㎰⏕◊ࠖࡢタ❧ࡣ㸪་ᖌ࡛࠶ࡾ㎰ᯘ┬௦ ┠⏕άᨵၿㄢ㛗ࢆົࡵࡓ▮ཱྀගᏊẶࡢᑾຊࡀ ࡁࡗࡓࠋ▮ཱྀẶࡣ❧ᮇ㸦1975 ᖺ 11 ᭶㸧 ࡽ➨භᮇࡢ㏵୰㸦1992 ᖺ 5 ᭶㸧ࡲ࡛ᑓົ⌮ࢆ ົࡵ㸪ࡑࡢᚋࡣஸࡃ࡞ࡽࢀࡿ┤๓ࡢ➨ᮇ㸦1994 ᖺ5 ᭶㸧ࡲ࡛⌮㛗࡞ࡾ㸪⏕άᨵၿᬑཬᴗ ࢆࡼࡾᐇࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡢ㎰ᮧ⏕ά◊✲యไ࡙ࡃ ࡾࢆ≌ᘬࡋࡓࠋ▮ཱྀẶࡘ࠸࡚▱ࡿࡣ㸪ࡓ ࠼ࡤᐩ⏣㸦2006㸧ࡀཧ⪃࡞ࡿࠋ 4㸧㎰ᮧ⏕ά㛵㐃ࡢ◊✲ᶵ㛵ࡣ㸪ࠕ㎰⏕◊ࠖࡼࡾࡶ ඛᅜࡢ㎰ᯘỈ⏘┬ヨ㦂◊✲ᶵ㛵ࡸᏛ㎰Ꮫ㒊㸪 ㎰༠࠾࠸࡚ᒎ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡓṔྐࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ᮏ᮶࡛࠶ࢀࡤᮏㄽ✏࡛ࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞◊✲ᶵ㛵 ࡢ㛵㐃➼ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㏣࠺ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪‽ഛ ㊊ࡢࡓࡵᚋࡢㄢ㢟ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢࡇ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᕝᔱ┘ಟ㸦1993㸧ヲ㏙ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 5㸧ห⾜≀࣭◊✲ࡢᡂᯝࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㎰ᮧ⏕ά⥲ྜ ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸦2004㸸115㹼134㸧࡚ᥖ㍕ࡉ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 6㸧ᏳಸẶࡢ㎰ᐙᐙィ◊✲ࡣ㸪ᜠᖌ࡛࠶ࡿᐑᓮ♩Ꮚ Ặ㸦ᐙᨻᏛ㸪᪥ᮏዪᏊᏛ㸧ࡢᩍ࠼Ꮡᅾࡀ ࡁ࠸ࡀ㸪ᅇࡣࡑࡇࡲ᳨࡛ウࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ ࡗࡓࠋ ᘬ⏝࣭ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ 1㸧ᏳಸᏊࠕ⏕άࡢどⅬࡽ㎰ᴗ⤒Ⴀయࡢయᛶ
㝿ࡸᬑཬဨࡀ㎰ᐙࢆᣦᑟࡍࡿ㝿ᙺ❧ࡘホ౯ᡭ ἲࡢ㛤Ⓨ㐍ࢇࡔࠋ⫼ᬒࡣ㎰ᯘỈ⏘┬ࡀ 1992 ᖺᥦ♧ࡋࡓࠕ୰㛗ᮇࣅࢪࣙࣥࠖࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ≉㎰ᐙዪᛶࡢ㐺ṇ࡞ホ౯ᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞㎰ᴗࢆ ࠺ᐇ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࠸࠺ᨻ⟇ㄢ㢟ࡀᾋୖࡋ ࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛㸪㎰ᐙࢆ⤒῭ྜ⌮ᛶࡢࡳุ࡛᩿ࡍࡿ ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ձ⤒Ⴀࡢᛶ㸪ղᵓᡂဨࡢ⏕ࡁ ⏥ᩫ㸪ճᵓᡂဨࡢᗣࡢ㓄៖ุ᩿ᇶ‽ࢆ⨨ ࡁ㸪⤒Ⴀయホ౯⏕άࡢどⅬࢆຍ࠼ࡿヨࡳࢆࡋ ࡓࠋ ᡭἲࡣ4 ࡘࡢࢫࢸࢵࣉ⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࡽࢀࡓࠋ➨ 1 ࢫࢸࢵࣉ㸸⤒Ⴀ⡙㸪ᐙィ⡙㸪⏕ά㛫グ㘓㸪ࠕ⏕ ά㔜どᗘࢳ࢙ࢵࢡ⾲ࠖࡢグ㘓Ѝ➨ 2 ࢫࢸࢵ ࣉ㸸グ㘓ࡢ㞟ィ࣭ᩚ⌮ࠕ⏕ά㔜どᆺ㎰ᐙ⤒Ⴀ⥲ ᣓ⾲ࠖЍ➨3 ࢫࢸࢵࣉ㸸デ᩿Ѝ➨ 4 ࢫࢸࢵࣉ㸸 ࣉࣛࣥࢽࣥࢢ ࡇࡢホ౯ᡭἲࡣ㸪ከࡃࡢᬑཬဨࡸ㎰ᐙࡀᏛࡧ㸪 ᐇ㊶ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᡭἲ㛤Ⓨ◊✲ ࢆᇶ♏ࡋࡓᏳಸ㸦1997㸧ࡣ᪥ᮏ㎰ᮧ⏕άᏛ ࠾࠸࡚㧗࠸ホ౯ࢆཷࡅ㸪2002 ᖺᗘࡢᏛ㈹ࡀ ㉗ࡽࢀࡓࠋ 㸲㸬ᏳಸẶࡢ㎰ᐙᐙィㄪᰝᏛࡪ◊✲᪉ἲ ᏳಸẶࡀ 1998 ᖺ⏕άࡢどⅬࡽࡢ⤒Ⴀయ ホ౯ᡭἲࢆୡၥ࠺࡚ࡽ㸪20 ᖺࡀ⤒ࡗࡓࠋ᭱ ᚋ㸪ᏳಸẶࡢ㎰ᐙᐙィ◊✲ࢆ㸪◊✲᪉ἲࡢど Ⅼࡽព࡙ࡅ㸪ࡑࡇࡽࡇࢀࡽࡢ㎰ᮧ⏕ά ◊✲ࡘ࠸࡚ⅬࡢㄽⅬࢆᣲࡆࡓ࠸ࠋ ➨୍ࡣ㸪ᏳಸẶࡢ㎰ᐙᐙィ◊✲ࡣ⏕άᨵⰋ ᬑཬဨࡢ㐃ᦠࡼࡗ࡚ᒎ㛤ࡋࡓ࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛࠶ ࡿࠋ◊✲࠸࠺⌮ㄽᵓ⠏㸪ᬑཬ࠸࠺ᐇ㊶ᵓ ⠏ࡢ㐃ᦠࡀ㸪ࡲࡉ㎰ᮧࡋࡗࡾ㊊ሙࢆ⨨ ࡁ㸪㎰ᮧ✺ࡁ่ࡉࡿ῝ࡉࢆ࠼࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡔ ࡽࡇࡑ㸪ᏳಸẶࡢ◊✲ࡢሙࡔࡗࡓࠕ㎰⏕◊ࠖࡢ ゎᩓࡣ⏕άᨵⰋᬑཬဨࡗ࡚ࡶࡁ࡞③ᡭ ࡞ࡾ㸪⏕άᨵၿᬑཬไᗘࡢᙅయࡣ㸪㸪㎰ᮧ ⏕ά◊✲ࡢពࢆぢ࠼࡙ࡽࡃࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡳࡿࡇࡶ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࡾ㏉ࡗ࡚㸪⌧ᅾࡢ⚾ࡓࡕࡣ㸪㎰ᮧ✺ࡁ่ ࡉࡿ◊✲ࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡞ࢸ࣮࣐࡞ ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡣ ࡘ࡚ࡢᬑཬဨࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᆅᇦࡶ⏕ࡁࡼ࠺ ࡍࡿ࢜ࣝ࢞ࢼࢨ࣮ࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ꮡᅾࡶ㔜せ࡞ࡿ ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ➨ࡣ㸪ᏳಸẶࡢ㎰ᐙᐙィ◊✲ࡢᑐ㇟ࡣ㸪 ⮬❧⤒Ⴀࡋ࡚ࡢከୡ௦ྠᒃᑓᴗ㎰ᐙ⨨ࢀ ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ୍㈏ࡋ࡚◊✲ᑐ㇟ീࢆ㈏࠸ࡓᏳಸẶࡔ ࡽࡇࡑ㸪ᑓᴗ㎰ᐙࡢࡇࢆ῝ࡃ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡇ㐪࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡓࡔ㸪୍᪉࡛㸪⌧ᐇ ࡢ㎰ᮧ࡛ࡣᑓᴗ㎰ᐙࡣࡈࡃᑡ࡞࠸య࡞ࡾ㸪 වᴗᙧែࡶᵝࠎ㸪㠀㎰ᐙࡢ࠺ࡀከ࠸ࡢࡀ୍⯡ ⓗ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㎰ᐙࡢᐙ᪘㛵ಀࡸᵓ㐀ࡶ ࡞ࡾከᵝ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪Ꮫ㝿ⓗ࡞㛵ᚰ ࡛ゝ࠼ࡤ㸪1980 ᖺ௦㡭ࡽࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ㄽࡸ᭷ᶵ ㎰ᴗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀฟ࡚ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪㎰ᐙዪ ᛶࡶᑡ࡞ࡽࡠᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡔࢁ࠺ࡀ㸪 ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡞㎰ᮧࡢኚᑐࡋ࡚ࡢ㎰ᮧ⏕ά◊ ✲ࡢษࡾ㎸ࡳࡣᙅࡗࡓࡼ࠺ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ ⚾ࡓࡕࡣ࠸ࡲ㸪ࡶࡗᑀ㎰ᮧ⏕άࡢᐇែ ᢕᥱࢆࡍࡁࡁ࡚࠸ࡿឤࡌࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪 ௦ࡢ✺ࡁ่ࡉࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௦ࡢ✺ࡁ่ࡉ ࡾ㛵㐃ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪㎰ᨻࡢ┦ᑐ࠸࠺ㄢ㢟ࡶ࠶ ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ◊✲⪅ࡋ࡚ࡢ❧ࡕ⨨ࡢၥ㢟࡛࠶ ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣㄽⅬࡢᥦ♧௨ୖࡢ‽ഛࡣ࡞࠸ࡢࡔ ࡀ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵ ࡶ㸪㎰ᮧ⏕ά◊✲Ꮫࡪᚲせࡣࡲࡔࡲࡔ࠶ࡿࠋ ὀ 1㸧᪥ᮏ㎰ᮧ⏕άᏛ㸦2017㸸36㸧ࢆཧ↷ࡢࡇࠋ 2㸧ᮏ⠇ࡣࡋ࡚ᏳಸᏊẶࡽࡢࣄࣜࣥࢢ ᣐࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 3㸧ࠕ㎰⏕◊ࠖࡢタ❧ࡣ㸪་ᖌ࡛࠶ࡾ㎰ᯘ┬௦ ┠⏕άᨵၿㄢ㛗ࢆົࡵࡓ▮ཱྀගᏊẶࡢᑾຊࡀ ࡁࡗࡓࠋ▮ཱྀẶࡣ❧ᮇ㸦1975 ᖺ 11 ᭶㸧 ࡽ➨භᮇࡢ㏵୰㸦1992 ᖺ 5 ᭶㸧ࡲ࡛ᑓົ⌮ࢆ ົࡵ㸪ࡑࡢᚋࡣஸࡃ࡞ࡽࢀࡿ┤๓ࡢ➨ᮇ㸦1994 ᖺ5 ᭶㸧ࡲ࡛⌮㛗࡞ࡾ㸪⏕άᨵၿᬑཬᴗ ࢆࡼࡾᐇࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡢ㎰ᮧ⏕ά◊✲యไ࡙ࡃ ࡾࢆ≌ᘬࡋࡓࠋ▮ཱྀẶࡘ࠸࡚▱ࡿࡣ㸪ࡓ ࠼ࡤᐩ⏣㸦2006㸧ࡀཧ⪃࡞ࡿࠋ 4㸧㎰ᮧ⏕ά㛵㐃ࡢ◊✲ᶵ㛵ࡣ㸪ࠕ㎰⏕◊ࠖࡼࡾࡶ ඛᅜࡢ㎰ᯘỈ⏘┬ヨ㦂◊✲ᶵ㛵ࡸᏛ㎰Ꮫ㒊㸪 ㎰༠࠾࠸࡚ᒎ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡓṔྐࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ᮏ᮶࡛࠶ࢀࡤᮏㄽ✏࡛ࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞◊✲ᶵ㛵 ࡢ㛵㐃➼ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㏣࠺ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪‽ഛ ㊊ࡢࡓࡵᚋࡢㄢ㢟ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢࡇ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᕝᔱ┘ಟ㸦1993㸧ヲ㏙ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 5㸧ห⾜≀࣭◊✲ࡢᡂᯝࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㎰ᮧ⏕ά⥲ྜ ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸦2004㸸115㹼134㸧࡚ᥖ㍕ࡉ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 6㸧ᏳಸẶࡢ㎰ᐙᐙィ◊✲ࡣ㸪ᜠᖌ࡛࠶ࡿᐑᓮ♩Ꮚ Ặ㸦ᐙᨻᏛ㸪᪥ᮏዪᏊᏛ㸧ࡢᩍ࠼Ꮡᅾࡀ ࡁ࠸ࡀ㸪ᅇࡣࡑࡇࡲ᳨࡛ウࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ ࡗࡓࠋ ᘬ⏝࣭ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ 1㸧ᏳಸᏊࠕ⏕άࡢどⅬࡽ㎰ᴗ⤒Ⴀయࡢయᛶ ᅇࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࠖ1997 ᖺ 12 ᭶㸪ࠗ㎰ᮧ⏕ά◊✲࠘ ➨42 ᕳ➨ 1 ྕ㸪24㹼30 ࣮࣌ࢪ 2㸧ᏳಸᏊࠗ⌧௦㎰ᐙࡢᐙィᵓ㐀㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲࠘ ᘓᖆ♫㸪2005 ᖺ 3㸧ᏳಸᏊࠕ♫ᅋἲே ㎰ᮧ⏕ά⥲ྜ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ ࣮ࠖ2001 ᖺ㸪ࠗ᪥ᮏᐙᨻᏛㄅ࠘➨52 ᕳ➨ 3 ྕ㸪 281㹼283 ࣮࣌ࢪ 4㸧ᕝᔱⰋ୍┘ಟ࣭᪥ᮏ㎰ᮧ⏕ά◊✲⦅ࠗ㎰ᮧ⏕ ά◊✲ࡢ㌶㊧ᒎᮃ࠘⟃Ἴ᭩ᡣ㸪1993 ᖺ 5㸧ᐩ⏣⚈அுࠕ▮ཱྀගᏊ⏕άᨵၿ̿᪥ᮏࡢ⤒㦂 ࢆάࡍ㎰ᮧ㛤Ⓨᡭἲࠖ2006 ᖺ 6 ᭶㸪ࠗࢪ◊ ࣮࣡ࣝࢻ࣭ࢺࣞࣥࢻ࠘No.129㸦➨ 12 ᕳ➨ 6 ྕ㸧㸪 12㹼15 ࣮࣌ࢪ 6㸧᪥ᮏ㎰ᮧ⏕άᏛࠗ㎰ᮧ⏕ά◊✲࠘➨ 60 ᕳ➨ 1 ྕ㸪2017 ᖺ 2 ᭶ 7㸧㎰ᮧ⏕ά⥲ྜ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࠗ⏕ά◊✲࣏࣮ࣞࢺ 21 ㎰ᴗࡢᆺ㎰ᐙ⏕ά࠘1986 ᖺ 3 ᭶ 8㸧㎰ᮧ⏕ά⥲ྜ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࠗ⏕ά◊✲࣏࣮ࣞࢺ 29 ᪂ࡋ࠸ศᯒᡭἲࡼࡿ㎰ᐙࡢᐙィᵓ㐀࠘ 1989 ᖺ 3 ᭶ 9㸧㎰ᮧ⏕ά⥲ྜ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࠗ⏕ά◊✲࣏࣮ࣞࢺ 47 ⏕άࡢどⅬࡽࡢ⤒Ⴀయホ౯ᡭἲ࠘1998 ᖺ 3 ᭶ 10㸧㎰ᮧ⏕ά⥲ྜ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࠗ29 ᖺࡢ࠶ࡺࡳ࠘ 2004 ᖺ 3 ᭶ 㸦2019 ᖺ 5 ᭶ 15 ᪥ ཷ⌮㸧
