ᶨ¶´ᶩ
ͼ۔κށࠜᄉʇఖಢκށࠜᄉɪʨʪ
ᖓៜץթៀʇɼʍႾព
ಳɉΓɉɉᄑᄢɉۧς
Understanding English Phrasal Verbs from the
Viewpoints of Chinese and Japanese University Students
Tetsuya NISHIMURA Keisuke TABATA
ɉఙ ɉఖಢʍށࠜʆࠜʕͼ۔κࠜᄉʇఖಢκࠜᄉʎɴʝɵʝʉលៜʱࠜᒂɸʪϥ ɫৃʨʫʪɫɊɣɹʫʍលៜʱࠜʕͫʆʡɊఖणᄉໍʍͼʆԎϥɥϥʍݼɣ ᜟႻʱҥҳᆔʊࠜᒂɸʪɲʇɫಙʝɶɣɋThe TV Corpus ʎᖓ፥ʍ TV ˍ̀̎ ːʍˑ̀˫ʱᭂከɶɾˉ̎˧ˏʆɊЋᄍɴʫʅɣʪᜟႻʎఖण৷ʱᥟוɶɾʡ ʍʇʉʂʅɣʪɋɲɥɶɾˉ̎˧ˏɪʨଇԎɴʫʪលៜܫʍໍᄍʎࠜᒂͫಐ ᄍʇʉʪɋಢኢʆʎɊށࠜᄉʇɶʅៜࠜʱᒂৃɸʪͫʆ՞ೖᆔʉࠜᒂຫʊʃɣ ʅ൮ឡɶɊɼʍঞ৷ʱץթៀʍ࠷Аʱᄍɣʅ୯ቌɶʅɣɮɋɼɶʅͼ۔κࠜ ᄉʇఖಢκࠜᄉʍץթៀʍႾព्ʱɶʉɫʨɊࠜᄉʍႾព्ɫࠜᒂᏀ ʇ๖ៜʍၔ৷ʊম᮰ʱלɰʅɣʪᓧ৷ʱ៵ɷʪɋ ˃̎̅̎˟ᶺ¡ៜࠜࠜᒂɊᖓៜץթៀɊThe TV Corpus ᶱᶮʎɷʠʊ ɉͪᄑ̍ᨂᶨ³±²ºᶩʎɊץթៀɫఖणϥ់ʆणʊᄍɣʨʫʪᜟႻʆɡʪɲʇ ʱବɶɊTV ᥡɊంᒫɊᭉ៕Ɋࡷ៥ɊరᄘɊ˷̎́ʉʈʍɡʨʥʪԔᨂʆ ᯇᐡʊᆍܬɸʪʡʍɿʇᥙʘʅɣʪɋʝɾɊץթៀʱᏧᑦᆔʊឧᥙɶʅɣʪ˴ ˇ̎̂ˬᶦ˴ˇ̎̂ˬᶨ³±±·»µᶩʎɊץթៀʱตʍʧɥʊព៥ɶɊࠜᒂͫɊץ
ᶨ¶µᶩ թៀʱͥៜʇɶʅ៖ᠪɸʪ৷ʱ៥ɣʅɣʪɋ ©²ª¡ఖಢκɫɔכʩͫɱʪɕʇលɥʇɬɊɔɲʫʎɖכʪɗᶫɖͫɱʪɗʆɊͥ ʊɸʪʇɲɥɣɥੜءʊʉʪɕʇʎᒑɧɹɊᶱʃʍ֫ៜʇɶʅʪɋɼʫʇ ɷʧɥʊɊᖓៜʍˣʺ˜ʹˬˏ˪̎ˁ̎ʎץթៀʍ take away ʉʈʱɊɡɾ ɪʡɼʍᶲៜɫᏃɶʅᶱʃʍ֫ៜʊʉʂɾɪʍʧɥʊɊͥʃʍʇɶʅ ୴ɶɊɼʍʃʡʩʆףʊɸʪɋץթៀʱʊʃɰʧɥʇɸʪʉʨɊʣʎʩˣʺ ˜ʹˬʇɷងʆɊͥʃʍ֫ៜʇɶʅ୴ɶʅɩɣɾఄɫͫᦑɫచɣʇ৲ɥɋ ץթៀʎթៀ ¬ ĠʆථીɴʫɊӂϹʍੜءɫીᆔʊࡶɰʪʡʍᶨcome in ʣ sit downʉʈᶩʡɡʪɫɊɼɥʆɬʉɣʡʍᶨhang out ʣ pull overᶩʡࠓۦɸ ʪɋʝɾɊץթៀʎɊᏎៜͫʍၔ৷ʊܛʄɬɊթៀԳᑝៀᏃ˕ʺ˭Ɋթៀ ͭݳ֊ៀᏃ˕ʺ˭ɊթៀԾៀᏃ˕ʺ˭ʍᶳʃʊԔᯕɴʫʪɋᶨͼࢉ̍Һ ᰚ¡²ºº±»²¸³ᶩɲɥɶɾץթៀʱ The TV Corpusᶨhttps://www.english-corpora.org/ tv/ᶩʱЋʂʅᯇ्᮵ʊ൮ᎭɶɊͫϴᜟႻʱࠜᒂɸʪɲʇɫᖓៜࠜᒂᒓʊʇʂʅ ᨁʉˏ˜˙˭ʊʉʪʇᒑɧʨʫʪɋThe TV Corpus ʎ²º¶±शϐɪʨႻۦʝʆ ʊరɴʫɾ¸¶±±±ʊוʕ TV ˍ̀̎ːʾ˪˓̎˟ʍˑ̀˫ឞ´қ³¶±±ͨៜʆ ථીɴʫʅɣʪɋɲʍˉ̎˧ˏʎ˱̎˶˰̎ˎͫʆ ©³ª ʍʧɥʊ៥ɴʫɊ˝̎ ˕ʎ very informal language ʍᭂከʇɴʫʅɣʪɋ
©³ª¡The TV corpus (along with the Movies Corpus) serves as a great resource to look at very informal language -- at least as well as with corpora of actual spoken English. In addition, the TV Corpus is much larger than any other corpus of informal English (other than other corpora from English-Corpora.org). For example, it is about 33x as large as the conversation portion of the BNC (including their 2014 update).
https://www.english-corpora.org/tv/ ɉBednarekᶨ³±²¹»³µµᶩʎ ©´ª ʍʧɥʊᥙʘɊៜডᒂৃʉʈʍᮾܕʆ TV ˍ̀̎
ᶨ¶¶ᶩ
ːɫ՞ೖʱᆌ୷ɸʪʇ៵ɷʅɣʪɋ
©´ª¡ %ULHÀ\79VHULHVDUHJHQHUDOO\FRQVLGHUHGDVKHOSIXOIRUEHLQJPRUHFROORTXLDO QDWXUDOLVWLFWKDQWH[WERRNVDQGXVHIXOIRUDUHDVVXFKDVYRFDEXODU\DFTXLVLWLRQFXOWXUDO SUR¿FLHQF\OLVWHQLQJFRPSUHKHQVLRQDQGÀXHQF\
ʝɾɊBerber and Veiranoᶨ³±²º»·ᶩʎ TV ˍ̀̎ːʍˑ̀˫ʎ࠷ᬫʍ់ɶលᗼ ʇᢑɿʇɷɴɺʪʧɥʊ4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Ѐʨʫʅɣʪʇᥙʘʅɣʪɋ
©µª¡Corpus-based studies of television language have grown in number, and many of these focus on contrasting the verbal language of television series and soap operas to spontaneous conversation. The general conclusion of such studies is that the spoken language presented on television simulates the spoken language occurring in natural settings to a considerable degree.
ఖणϥ់ʨɶɴ4 4 4ʱᥟוɶʅɣʪ TV ˍ̀̎ːʆݼᄍɴʫʪᜟႻʎఖणϥ់ʆඐ ʠʅͥᕓ֊ɴʫɾᜟႻɿʇɣɧʪɋThe TV Corpus ʆᯇ्᮵ʊץթៀʱ൮ᎭɶɊ ͫϴɪʨ᮵ʊʊʃɰʅɣɮɲʇʎႻ࠷ʍЋᄍᯇ्ʊຣʂɾ՞ೖᆔʉࠜᒂຫʇ ʉʪɋBrezinaᶨ³±²¹»¶µᶩʊපʍᠳ៵ɫʨʫʪɋ
©¶ª¡ $UJXDEO\ ZRUGV WKDW RFFXU IUHTXHQWO\ DFURVV D ODUJH QXPEHU RI FRQWH[WV DUH important because they are very likely to be encountered in a variety of communicative situations. For example, for learners of a language it is crucial to know which lexical LWHPVWKH\VKRXOGOHDUQ¿UVW
ɉಢኢʆʎ The TV Corpus ʍقៀବ࠳ᓧʱໍᄍɶɊץթៀʍ൮Ꭽʱթៀׄথ ᶫͭݳ֊ៀᶨ_vv0* _rp*ᶩʇବ࠳ɸʪɋఖण৷ʍᱝɣବቌᜟႻʆɡʪاϑথʱ ᨁខɸʪɾʠʆɡʪɋTV ˍ̀̎ːʍˑ̀˫ʎఖणϥ់ʨɶɴʱᥟוɶʅɩ
ᶨ¶·ᶩ
ʩɊاϑথʱͼʇɶɾᱝᯇ्ʍץթៀʍᒂৃʎɊᖓៜʆʍᆌдʱੜᠪɸʪࠜ ᒂᒓʊʇʂʅށΟʉࠜᒂᦋʇʉʪɋ
ᶲᶮÕéæ¡ÕסÄðóñöô ʊܛʄɮץթៀʍ
ɉThe TV Corpus ʆʎɊ൮Ꭽ˲˙˅ˏױʊɡʪ [POS] ʱଆɸʇ൮Ꭽៜʍقៀବ ࠳ɫʆɬʪɋ©·ª ʊቌɸʧɥʊܛಢᆔʉقៀʱᦦ૾ʆɬʪɿɰʆʉɮɊɴʨʉ ʪᎲԔ֊ɫᓧʆɊАɧʏথࡄៀʉʨ๚ᤑᎨᶨCMPᶩʇͫᎨᶨSPRLᶩɊԾៀ ʉʨͭݳ֊ៀᶨPRTCLᶩʇᅃ٨ԾៀᶨWHᶩɫᦦ૾ʆɬʪɋɲɥɶɾ៍Ꮂʉឮ ࠳ʱᥱɷʅɊץթៀᶨթៀᶫͭݳ֊ៀᶩɿɰʱ The TV Corpus ɪʨᯇ्᮵ʆଇ Ԏɸʪɲʇɫᓧʇʉʪɋ ©·ª ©¸ª ʎɊթៀׄথᶫͭݳ֊ៀᶨ_vv0* _rp*ᶩʆ൮ᎭɶɾᏃೖʍͫϴ²±±Аʆɡ ʪɋੜءʍˉ˿˶ʍʇɲʬʆɊLongman Dictionary of Contemporary English sixth
edition (online)ʆ [S(poken)]Ɋ[not polite]ɊLongman Advanced American Dictionary
ᶨ¶¸ᶩ ɽʫ៌ঞʍବʱϊɶʅɣʪɋاϑথʎܛಢᆔʊ Spoken ʊԔᯕɴʫɊᱝᯇ् ʍץթៀӂᕓʎ formality ʊɶʅʎͼዒʍʡʍɫݼɣɲʇɫʮɪʪɋץթៀ ʎͥᕓᆔʊ informal ʉʡʍɿʇʎ៖ᠪʆɬʉɣɲʇʊີੜɶɾɣɋ ©¸ª ץɉթɉៀ ᄍɉɉɉɉɉА ੜɉɉء ൮Ԏ௦
² COME ON Come on. Hurry up! S৵ɱɊɩɣʆɊ
ɴɡ ´²¸¶³´
³ SHUT UP Now you shut up! S not polite
ɶʢʘʪʉ ´±±¸±
´ GO ON Go on! S¡Ꮩɰʅ ³·¸¶´
µ HOLD ON No, no, no, hold on a minute,
will you? S¡হʂʅ ³µ´¹µ
¶ COME IN May I come in? Ӂʪ ²º··¸
· GET OUT Now, let me get out of here. Ԏʪ ²¹¹µ±
¸ SIT DOWN Mind if I sit down? ॎʪ ²¹±¶¹
¹ GET BACK ,KDYHWRJHWEDFNWRP\RI¿FH ʪ ²¸¶·³
º HANG ON Hang on a second. Sহʂʅ ²¸±±µ
²± COME BACK Help me! Come back here! ʪ ²·±±³ ²² FIND OUT I think we should find out how it
works.
ᶨܫʱᶩɣ
ԎɸɊᇽʪ ²´¹±±
²³ GO BACK Let's go back! टʪɊʪ ²³µ¹¹
²´ CALM DOWN Well, now, look, just calm down. ᗹʀᇗɮ ²²´¹·
²µ GET UP Help me get up. ᢰɬʪɊዒʀͫ
ɫʪ ²²³¸º
²¶ WAKE UP wake up! ᆾʱងʝɸ ²²³¸µ
²·
GET DOWN Nj Okay, let’s get down to business. Njɼʫʆʎಢᯌ ʊӁʩʝɶʦɥ
º³±´ GET DOWN nj Get back. Get down. njϹʱϵɮɸ
ʪ ²¸ GET OFF We get off the train at the next stop
in Oxnard. ᬆʩʪ ¸´¶·
²¹ PICK UP Go ahead. Pick up your fork. ନɣͫɱʪ ¸²¸·
ᶨ¶¹ᶩ ³±
LOOK OUT Nj Hey, what's a light... - Look out! Njʱʃɰʬ
·²¸± LOOK OUT nj I'll look out for her. njͥᄉળاʊୂ
ɸᶨforᶩ
³²
GO OUT Nj Why don't we go out for dinner? NjݹԎɸʪ
¶¹¶² GO OUT nj Why don't you go out with him? njϊɬɥᶨwithᶩ CHECK OUT Nj We have to check out these
things. Njʘʪ
¶¹¶² CHECK OUT nj I haven't check out of the hotel
yet.
nj˗ʽ˙˅ʸʼ ˞ɸʪᶨofᶩ WELCOME
BACK Welcome back. ɩटʩʉɴɣ ¶¹¶²
³µ COME OUT Please come out! Ԏʪ ¶´¸³
³¶ TURN AROUND Turn around. ଶʩ᥏ʪ ¶³¸¹
³· END UP We always end up in an argument. Ꮉ ᆔ ʊ A ʊ
Ӂʪᶨinᶩ µ¸¸¸
³¸ SLOW DOWN Hey, slow down now. ˏ˪̎˟ʱᗹʇɸɊ
ʍʲʒʩɸʪ µ¸¸µ
³¹ WATCH OUT Watch out! informal ʱ ʃ
ɰʬ µ¸±¶
³º GET IN Get in there. ΎʪɊӁʪ µ¶±²
´± OPEN UP Open up! ɰʪ µµ±¶
´² LISTEN UP Listen up! Sີੜɶʅᒫɣ
ʅɮʫ µ³´·
´³ GIVE UP I give up.
ɡɬʨʠʪɊʣ ʠʪɊԕʩʱ ʃɰʪᶨon）
µ²º¸
´´
COME UP Nj Come up here. Njʣʂʅɮʪ
µ²¶¹ COME UP nj He's come up with wonderful
ideas. nj৲ɣʃɮᶨwithᶩ
´µ HOLD UP Hold up! হʂʅ µ±¶¶
´¶ BACK OFF Back off! ˦˙˅ɸʪ ´¹±·
´· TAKE OFF We'd better take off. See you tomorrow.
informalᶨ৵ʊᶩ
ዒʀאʪ ´´¸¸
´¸ GO DOWN Let's go down. ᬆʩʪᶨtoᶩɊ
ᜓɮᶨtoᶩ ´´¶¶
´¹ SET UP He's already set up the meeting. Aʱཇѹɸʪ ´´³·
ᶨ¶ºᶩ
µ± FIGURE OUT I still can't figure out how it
happened. Ⴞពɸʪ ´²¸º
µ² SHOW UP They'll probably show up before
we leave. informalႻʫʪ ´²µ¶
µ³ STAND BY Nj Stand by. I'll call you back. Njহʂʅ ´±´º STAND BY nj I'll stand by you. nj A ʍՏʊʉʪ
µ´
GET ON Nj All right, let's get on with it. Njᶨɸɯʊᶩᜓ թʱ߂ɸʪ
´±´¹ GET ON nj She used to get on the bus for
years. njΎʪ
µµ MOVE ON Move on. ҳʗʟ ³º¹±
µ¶ COME ALONG Please, come along with me. ͥʊಿʪᶨwithᶩ ³º¸´
µ· C'M ON Come on. ɴɡ ³º²³
µ¸ STAND UP Someone has to stand up for her. Aʍɾʠʊዒʀ ͫɫʪᶨforᶩ ³¹º¸ µ¹ GROW UP You'll understand when you grow
up. ીᫎɸʪ ³¹¶¶
µº LOOK AROUND Look around. ؝ېʱۋɸ ³¹²µ
¶± HANG OUT Why don't you hang out with me tonight?
informalʕ ʨ ʕ ʨɸʪᶨwithᶩ ³¸²·
¶² FUCK OFF Fuck off. ɥɺʬ ³·µ¸
¶³ CARRY ON Carry on. Ꮩɰʪ ³·±´
¶´ COME DOWN He wants you to come down right away.
ᬆʩʅɮʪɊ
ʣʂʅɮʪ ³µº¹
¶µ GO IN Shall we go in? Ӂʪ ³´·³
¶¶ STAY BACK Stay back, please. ᶨԳʊԎɹᶩթɪʉ ɣɊͬɫʂʅɣʪ ³´¶·
¶· MAKE UP
Nj I know that nothing can make
up for what I did. Njʠʮɺʪ ³³·± MAKE UP nj Make up your mind. njɸʪ
¶¸ STAND BACK Stand back! াʬʊͬɫʪ ³±´º
¶¹ STAY DOWN Stay down, everyone! ɶʢɫʲɿʝʝʆ Ü ʱϢɺʅ Þ ɣʪ ³±²¸
¶º SETTLE DOWN Settle down. ᗹʀᇗɮ ²º±¸
·± STEP BACK Step back, please. ͥฯͬɫʪ ²¹²´
ᶨ·±ᶩ
·³ GO UP Now, hold it here while I go up there.
ɡ ɫ ʪɊᶨ ٨ ᯌ ʍܬʊ᥎ʄɣ ʅᶩᜓɮ
²¸²¹
·´ GO OVER We'll just go over and say hello. ᶨܬʱීԕʂʅᶩ
᥎ʄɣʅᜓɮ ²·¹¹
·µ TAKE OUT Take out the garbage. ԎɸɊכʩԎɸ ²¶º¹
·¶ PULL UP Pull up a chair. ঃʂʐʂʅɮʪ ²¶¸µ
·· TAKE ON We'll take on extra work. ঃɬלɰʪ ²¶µµ ·¸ WAIT UP Don't wait up for me. ࡕʉɣʆহʃɊ
Sহʂʅ ²¶´±
·¹ COME OVER Come over here and take a look. ʣʂʅɮʪɊ᥎
ʄɣʅᜓɮ ²¶³·
·º
PUT UP Nj Just put up with it for now. Njુɸʪᶨwithᶩ ²µº· PUT UP nj I've put up the fence. nj A ʱॱʅʪ
PUT UP Ǎ All you have to do is put up the money.
Ǎ A ᶼ ɩ ᨅ ᶾ ʱࡉϊɸʪ
¸± KEEP ON Just keep on reading. ɶᏙɰʪᶨ~ingᶩ ²µ¹³ ¸² MOVE IN When did you move in here? ঃʂᢳɶʅɮʪ ²µ¸± ¸³ PULL OVER Pull over at the next corner. ᤁʱหʠʪɊᓫ
ʊࡉʪᶨtoᶩ ²µ´¶
¸´ CLEAN UP We'd better clean up. ɬʫɣʊɸʪ ²µ´²
¸µ
KEEP UP Nj Keep up the good work. NjᏙɰʪ
²µ´± KEEP UP nj He couldn't keep up with us. njᦅʫɹʊʃɣ
ʅɣɮᶨwithᶩ ¸¶ PISS OFF Did you do something to piss off
Jack?
S not polite
Aʱʟɪʃɪɺʪ ²´º¹
¸·
GET OVER Nj Get over it [yourself]. NjΎʩᢳɧʉɴɣ ²´ºµ GET OVER nj Get over here [there, to A].
njɲʂʀʊಿʅ Ü ɼɲʊᜓʂʅɊ¡ Aʊᜓʂʅ Þ
¸¸
LOOK UP Nj Look up there. Njᶨͫʱᶩʅ
²´¹± LOOK UP nj I have to look up words in the
ᶨ·²ᶩ ¸¹
TAKE OVER I could take over that part of your work.
ঃɬᏘɯɊίϐ
ɸʪ ²´¸²
WORK OUT Nj If things don’t work with me, I’ll
give you a call. Njɥʝɮɣɮ
²´¸² WORK OUT nj I'll work out the details, and talk
to you later.
njពɬనɪɸɊ ពɸʪ
¹± CUT OFF You can't cut off news just like that. ԕʩɸ ²´¶²
¹² HANG UP
Nj I f o r g o t t o h a n g u p t h e telephone.
Nj A ᶼ ᭙ ់ ᶾ
ʱԕʪ ²´µ²
HANG UP nj I'll hang up his coat. nj A ʱɪɰʪ
¹³ PUT DOWN Let me put down my drink. Aʱᑝɮ ²´²µ ¹´ BRING IN We should bring in a doctor. AʱଚɬӁʫʪ ²´²² ¹µ SPLIT UP That doesn't mean that we're going
to split up. Ԡʫʪ ²´±µ
¹¶ BREAK UP I think it's best for us to break up. Ԡʫʪᶨwithᶩ ²³¸²
¹· TURN OFF Turn off the TV! Aʱɸ ²³··
¹¸ LIE DOWN You need to lie down! ීʊʉʪ ²³·²
¹¹ HEAD BACK We'll head back. ʪᶨtoᶩ ²³¶³
¹º MOVE OUT Let's move out!
American English SԎʪɊ Ԏɪɰʪ
²²´¸
º±
PUT OUT Nj Put out the light. Nj A ʱɸ
²²´· PUT OUT nj I put out some breakfast in case
you kids haven't eaten yet. nj A ʱԎɸ
º²
TURN UP Nj He'll turn up. NjႻʫʪ
²²´³ TURN UP nj Turn up the heat. nj A ᶼ ᮬ ᨃ ʉ
ʈᶾʱͫɱʪ
º³ SHUT DOWN I shut down the system. Aʱѩหɸʪ ²²²µ
º´
GO AROUND Nj Let's go around the lake. Njͥۋʩɸʪ
²²±µ GO AROUND nj We don't go around seeing each
other.
njʧɮ᷾ɸʪɊ ᷾ɶʅʏɪʩɣʪ
ºµ SIT BACK Please sit back. ɮʃʬɯɊʍʲ
ʒʩɸʪ ²±µ²
º¶ CHILL OUT Just chill out. informalӲ ᮀ ʊ
ᶨ·³ᶩ º·
GO OFF Nj The lights will go off in a
minute. Njɧʪ
²±²´ GO OFF nj The bomb went off. njူᆌɸʪ
GO OFF Ǎ She went off to work [college].
ǍχΟʊԎɪɰ ʪ Ü ށࠜʊࠜ ɸʪ Þ
º¸ WALK OUT Let's walk out of here. ฯɣʅԎʪ º¹³
º¹ FALL BACK Everybody fall back! াᥠɸʪ º¸º
ºº CHEER UP Come on, cheer up. ҮʱԎɸ º¸¶
²±± BELIEVE IN Do you believe in him? Aʱдᯈɸʪ º¶³
©¸ª ʍץթៀʎᖓៜࠜᒂᒓɫଆɴɧʅɩɬɾɣᜟႻᑳʇʉʪɫɊᖓៜࠜᒂᒓʎ ©¸ª ʍץթៀʱʈʫɿɰ˴ˏ˕̎ɶʅɣʪʍɿʬɥɪɋಢኢʆʎ A ށࠜʍͼ۔ κࠜᄉᶵʇఖಢκࠜᄉᶵʊץթៀʍЋᄍАʱʉɫʨɊɼʫɽʫʍੜءʱ ពጏɶʅʡʨʂʅɣʪɋࠜᄉʎ TOEICµ±± ᷾ ·±±̂˯́ʍࠜᄉʇʉʪɋ ɉᏃೖʱʪʇɊͼ۔κࠜᄉʍʚɥɫݼɮฬពɶʅɣʪץթៀɫɊgo on ᶨᏙɰʪᶩɊhang onᶨহʂʅᶩɊcheck outᶨʘʪᶩɊend upᶨᎹᆔʊ᷾ʊӁʪᶩɊ
come alongᶨͥʊɮʪᶩɊmove inᶨঃʂᢳɶʅɮʪᶩɊmove outᶨԎɪɰʪᶩ ʉʈʆɡʂɾɋᥤʊఖಢκࠜᄉɫݼɮฬពɶʅɣʪץթៀɫɊset upᶨཇѹɸ ʪᶩɊ¿JXUHRXWᶨႾពɸʪᶩɊsettle downᶨᗹʀᇗɮᶩɊpull upᶨঃʂʂʅɮʪᶩɊ take onᶨঃɬלɰʪᶩɊshut downᶨѩหɸʪᶩʉʈʇʉʂʅɣʪɋᶱ
ᶳᶮᒑࡗ ɉͼ۔κށࠜᄉʇఖಢκށࠜᄉʍฬពͭฬពʍआʎɲʫʝʆʍࠜᒂᏀʍͼʆ ʊʃɣɾץթៀʇɼɥʆʉɣץթៀʍआɫͥʃʍیʇʉʂʅɣʪʇᒑɧʨ ʫʪɋᒓʍआʎɊɲʫʝʆʍࠜᒂӑࡄɊବࡶӑࡄʍᦒɣʊʧʪʡʍɿʇ੍࠳ ɴʫɊ۔ʆີᆾɴʫʅɣʪץթៀᑳʊɣɮʨɪʍᦒɣɫࠓۦɶʅɣʪɲʇɫ ౣቌɴʫʅɣʪɋThe TV Corpus ʆʎᯇ्᮵ʆঞ៌ᜟႻʱଇԎʆɬʪɲʇɪʨɊ ఖणᄉໍʆʡЋᄍᯇ्ʍᱝɣᜟႻʱҥҳᆔʊࠜᒂʆɬʪშ݄ʍථጶɫᓧʇ ʉʂʅɣʪɋᢑʍఖಢៜ၅Ɋͼ۔ៜ၅ʍˉ̎˧ˏɫ௨ѹɴʫʪɲʇʆɊ՞ೖ
ᶨ·´ᶩ
ᆔʉఖणᜟႻʍבᒑᢁ௶ɫӁʆɬʪɲʇʊʉʪɫɊႻీʆʎʝɿɼʍ௨ѹ ʊᔷʂʅɣʉɣɋÜnot politeÞ ʍᜟႻʎঞʉɫʨᆌдɸʪᜟႻʇɶʅʎͭᦞԕ ʇʉʪɫɊלдɶʅႾពʆɬʪᓧՏʎʇʉʪɋףៜᜟႻʍႾពɊᦉᄍʱᒑ ɸʪʇɊThe TV CorpusɊɡʪɣʎఖಢៜ၅Ɋͼ۔ៜ၅ TV Corpus ʎɊށࠜ ᄉɫʊʃɰʪʘɬᜟႻʍͼᆔʉܫཆʇʉʪʆɡʬɥɋ
ɉఖಢκࠜᄉɫݼɮฬጏɶɾץթៀʊɊset upᶨཇѹɸʪᶩɊ¿JXUHRXWᶨႾពɸ ʪᶩɊsettle downᶨᗹʀᇗɮᶩɊpull upᶨঃʂʂʅɮʪᶩɊtake onᶨঃɬלɰ ʪᶩɊshut downᶨѩหɸʪᶩɫɡʪɋɲʫʨʍץթៀʎఖಢʍᖓៜᓑʍͼʆ ๚ᤑᆔՏɫᑝɪʫʅɣʪᜟႻɿʇୟࡗʆɬʪɋ࠷ᬫʊ The TV Corpus ʆᱝᯇ ्ʆЋᄍɴʫʅɣʪᜟႻʆɡʩɊᒂৃʍ৷ʍᱝɣʡʍʆɡʪɋset upɊshut downʍฬព႟ʊʃɣʅʎɊݹಿៜʱឯࡄɶʉɣͼ۔ៜʊࡩɶɊˑ˙˞ʸ˙˭Ɋ ˍ˹˙˞˖ʼ̉ʱݹಿៜʇɶʅכʩӁʫʅɣʪఖಢៜʍឯࡄ৷ɫম᮰ɶʅɣʪ ʇᒑɧʨʫʪɋحᝒᖓៜʇئʏʫʪ០ʂɾᖓៜᜟႻɫࡸʉɪʨɹࠓۦɸʪͼɊ ץթៀʍព᧽ʊʃɣʅʎˑ˙˞ʸ˙˭Ɋˍ˹˙˞˖ʼ̉ʍʧɥʊᓏ࠳ᆔʊЀᄍ ɸʪΟАʡʨʫʪɋݹಿៜɫఖಢៜʇɶʅᥨɸʪᬫʊʎɊʣʎʩಢಿʍៜ ᑵɫʉʮʫʉɣɲʇɫށԕʆɡʩɊᦞԕʉכʩӁʫఄɫᏢପɴʫʪɲʇʆɊ ݹ۔ៜࠜᒂʊҥϴʊ҇ɮɲʇʊʉʪɋɼʍͥАɫಢኢʍץթៀʍᏃೖʊႻ ʫʅɣʪɋ ᶴᶮɩʮʩʊ ɉಢኢʆԝɶɾץթៀʍ˫̂̎ːʱࠬӂʊ˴ˏ˕̎ɸʪɲʇʆɊᖓៜʍᜟႻ ՏɫᡋɪʊʉʩɊʝɾ TV ˍ̀̎ːʍႾពʍͥՕʊʡʉʪɋಢኢʆʎͫϴ²±± ʍץթៀʱ૨ʂɾɫɊ³±±Ɋ´±±ʇ௦ʱ݇ʣɶʅᒂৃɶʅɣɮɲʇʡಐᆯʆɡʪɋ The TV Corpusʆʎ²±±ۋϒͫᄍɣʨʫʅɣʪץթៀɫµ¹±൮ԎɴʫɾɫɊɲʍ ɡɾʩʝʆʍץթៀʱ˴ˏ˕̎ɸʪɲʇʆఖणϥ់ʊʉץթៀʍᜟႻՏɊ ႾពՏɫʊϊɮɲʇʊʉʪɿʬɥɋ ɉBrodyᶨ³±±´»³²´ᶩʎɊTV ˍ̀̎ːʍˑ̀˫ʍ৷ᢑʱ ©¹ª ʍʧɥʊʝʇʠʅ ɣʪɋ
ᶨ·µᶩ
©¹ª¡ Good dialogue has a generally accepted definition. It’s dialogue that is concise, witty, believable, and revealing of human character and emotion.
ˑ̀˫ʎҮಿɊፍཿʆɊᇽʊࡎʞɊ̀ʸ̀˜ʹɫɡʩɊκ৷ʇʱᜟԎ ɸʪʡʍʇɴʫʅɣʪɋBednarekᶨ³±²¹ᶩʍ Series Editor’s Preface ʍͼʊʎต ʍʧɥʉលוɫɡʩɊɔႾពɶʣɸɴɕɔʾ̉˕̎˜ʺ˷̉˞৷ɕɔಢၑʆɡʪ ɲʇɕɫ TV ˍ̀̎ːʍၔʇɶʅɱʨʫʅɣʪɋ
©ºª¡ ... TV dialogue is an important part of a carefully crafted artefact designed to inform, entertain, and influence. ... TV dialogue needs to sound convincingly real without necessarily replicating actual features of natural interaction. (Bednarek 2018:xi) ͼ۔ɩʧʒఖಢʍࠜᄉɫ The TV Corpus ʍʧɥʉఖण৷ʱטరɶɾលៜᢁ௶ʱ ӁɸʪɲʇʆɊʧʩ࠷ᣊᆔʉលៜࠜᒂɫᓧʇʉʪɋɼɥɶɾឍɪʨɊఖ ಢៜ၅Ɋͼ۔ៜ၅ʍ TV Corpus ʍᆍܬɫওɮಙʝʫʪɋఖणʊࡋᇗɶɊЋᄍᯇ ्ʱᦞഓʊטరɶɾៜࠜࠜᒂಲʍɴʨʉʪᆌ࢘ɫρাಜহɴʫʪɋ ີ ᶱɉಢኢʆɶɾฬ០ᏃೖʊʃɣʅʎɊለኴࡩᡑᒓʗʍ᧖ɪʨ៍Ꮂʉܫʍᤓʎ ɧʪɲʇʊɸʪɋ בᒑ௮ႈ
Bednarek, Monika. (2018). Language and Television Series: A Linguistic Approach to TV
Dialogue. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Berber, Sardinha, Tony and Veirano, Pinto, Marcia. (2019). “Dimensions of Variation across American Television Registers,” International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 24(1), 3-32. Brezina, Vaclav. (2018). Statistics in Corpus Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Brody, Larry. (2003). Television Writing from the Inside Out: Your Channel to Success. New York:
Applause Cinema and Theatre Books.
Davies, Mark. (2019-). The TV Corpus: 325 million words, 1950-2018. Available online at https:// www.english-corpora.org/tv/.
ᶨ·¶ᶩ ˎ˹̉˴ˇ̎̂ˬ̍˴ˇ̎̂ˬਇࠍᶨ³±±·ᶩᶮɖթៀʱЋɣɲʉɸɾʠʍᖓحໍᄍ᤺Ӎɗ δᶺಚఖԎ၅ᶮ ͼࢉШބ̍Һᰚиᶨ²ºº±ᶩᶮɖำװᆔʊɴɯʪႻϐʍᖓ௮ຫɗδᶺށиᰄಅॉᶮ ͪᄑআᑬ̍ᨂиᶨ³±²ºᶩᶮɖరᄘʍˑ̀˫ʆʸ˅˜ʹˬʊងɧʪᖓៜץթៀ´±±ɗδᶺ କᶮ ᤺Ӎ
Longman Advanced American Dictionary third edition (online)
Available online at http://longmandictionariesusa.com/.
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English sixth edition (online)
