༶ఱڠ֟ઽڠਠΓϋΗȜڠაਬ
ల˔
ijıIJĹාˏ
֟ઽ˯˟έȜρθ
ᕳ㢌ゝ㻌
ࡇࡢᏛ⏕ㄽ㞟ࡣࠊ2011 ᖺหࡉࢀ࡚௨᮶ࠊᖺ࡛ 8 ᖺ┠࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋᖺ
ᗘࡣࠊⲈᇛᏛ⩦ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡀ㛤タࡉࢀ࡚ࡽ 20 ࿘ᖺࢆ㏄࠼ࡓࡇࡽࠊࡇࡢ㛫ࡢ
グ㘓ࡶᩚ⌮ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ୰࡛ࠊᏛ⏕ㄽ㞟ࠕⲈᇛ SC ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࠖࡀึࡵ࡚༳
ๅࡉࢀࡓ≧ἣࡶ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ2011 ᖺ 3 ᭶ 11 ᪥ᮾ᪥ᮏ㟈⅏ࡀⓎ⏕
ࡋࡓࡇ࡛༳ๅᡤࡢᶵᲔࡶቯࢀฟ∧ࡶ༴࠺ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ୰࡛ࠊ᭱⤊ᰯṇࡢཎ✏ࢆ
ୖࡆᒆࡅࡓࡢࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ༳ๅᡤࡢዧ㜚ࡼࡾᪧࡇࡂࡅหྕࡀㄌ⏕ࡋ
ࡓࡢࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢᛮ࠸ࡀࡇࡢㄽ㞟ᜥ࡙࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
͆ࣇ࢛࣮࣒͇ࣛࡣὶࡍࡿሙࢆ⾲ࡋࠊᨺ㏦Ꮫ㞟࠺Ꮫ⏕ࡢሗⓎಙࢆࡇࡢ
Ꮚࡣᢸࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ᶵ㛵࡛࠶ࡿᨺ㏦Ꮫࡣࠊᐇᵝࠎ࡞Ꮫ⏕ࡀ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ࡇࢀࡽᏛ⏕ࡢኌࡀ⪺ࡇ࠼࡚ࡃࡿࡇࠊࢇࡢࡾຬẼ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿᛮ࠸ࡀࡋࡲࡍࠋ
ᅇࡢㄽ㞟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ㢗ࡶࡋࡃࡶ࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓࠊᴦࡋ࠸ᐇ㊶ሗ࿌ࡀ㍕ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲ
ࡍࠋಟㄽ࣭༞◊ሗ࿌࡛ࡣࠊሀᐇ࡞◊✲ࡢ୰࡛⮬ࡽࡢᙇᛮ࠸ࢆ㈏࠸ࡓ➉ෆᏕࡉ
ࢇࡢಟኈㄽᩥ◊✲άືࠊᑐ↷ⓗẼࡲࡲᴦࡋࡃዧ㜚ࡉࢀࡓ༞◊ࡢάືሗ࿌
ࢆ㔠Ꮚ⣖ኵࡉࢇࡀⓎ⾲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ༞◊ࢆ⤒㦂ࡋࡓᏛ⏕ࡣࠊኚࡔࡗࡓࡅࢀ
ᴦࡋࡗࡓப࠸ࡲࡍࠋⲈᇛᏛ⩦ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᡤᒓࡍࡿᏛ⏕ࡣࡶࡗከࡃࡀ༞ᴗ
◊✲ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇࡔ᪉ࡀࡼ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㸦ᩍဨ㸧࣭Ꮫ⏕ㅮ₇ࡶ 8 ᅇ┠ࢆ㏄࠼ࡲ
ࡋࡓࠋᅇࡢᩍဨⓎ⾲ࡣ➨ 3 ௦ⲈᇛᏛ⩦ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᡤ㛗࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿሷぢṇ⾨ඛ⏕࡛
ࡋࡓࠋඛ⏕ࡢ࠾ヰࡽࡣࠊᩘᏛࠊ≉⤫ィࡢᴦࡋࡉࡀఏࢃࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ♫
⏘ᴗࢥ࣮ࢫᅾᏛ୰ࡢఫ㇂ග⏨ࡉࢇࡣࠊⱝࡾࡋ㡭㸦㸲㸲ᖺ๓㸸㸲㸶ᖺ㸧
ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡲࢀࡓࠕሯྂቡࡢቨ⏬㸦ࡦࡓࡕ࡞ᕷ㸧ࠖㄪᰝಖᏑࡘ࠸࡚ሗ࿌ࡋࡲ
ࡋࡓࠋᐇ㝿Ⓨ᥀ㄪᰝࡉࢀࡓ⪅࡛ࡋ▱ࢀ࡞࠸ሗࡸ㈗㔜࡞ቨ⏬グ㘓࡞ࡀⓎ
⾲ࡉࢀࠊ⚾ࡶ㈗࠸య㦂࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ⏕ά⚟♴ࢥ࣮ࢫᅾᏛ୰ࡢ㩾ῲⓏࡉࢇࡣࠊ
1960
ᖺ௦ࡽྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇࡔࠕ㏵ୖᅜ࡛ࡢ㎰ᴗᨭάືࠖࢆሗ࿌ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢά
ື⮳ࡿ⮬ࡽࡢᛮᙧᡂࢆ‶ᕞ㛤ᣅᅋࡢඛ㍮ࡸᐉᩍᖌࡽཷࡅࡓゝⴥ࡞ࢆ
࠼ࠊᑀヰࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ1960 ᖺ௦ࣥࢻ࡛ᙉ┐ධࡽࢀࡓᛧ࠸ヰ
ࡶ⾪ᧁ࡛ࡋࡓࠋᖺࡶࠊᨺ㏦ᏛࡣⰍࠎ࡞Ꮫ⏕ࡀ㞟ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢᛮ࠸ࢆᙉࡃ
ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ᨺ㏦ᏛⲈᇛᏛ⩦ࢭࣥࢱ࣮
ᡤ㛗 ᶓ ἑ ṇ ⰾ
┠ ḟ ᕳ㢌ゝ Ϩ ㄽㄝࠗ▱㆑࣭⤒㦂ࢆ⏕ࡋࡓᏛࡧᆅᇦ♫άື࠘ Ϩ㸫㸯 ⏕≀ࡢ㞟ᅋࢆ⤫ィᩘᏛⓗ࡞≀ᕪࡋ࡛ ࡿ ඖⲈᇛᏛ⩦ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᡤ㛗 ሷぢ ṇ⾫ 㸯 Ϩ㸫㸰 ሯྂቡࡢቨ⏬ⓎぢಖᏑ ♫⏘ᴗࢥ࣮ࢫ ఫ㇂ ග⏨ 㸷 Ϩ㸫㸱 ᪂ࡓ࡞⏕ࡁ⏥ᩫࢆồࡵ࡚㹼㏵ୖᅜ࡛ࡢ㎰ᴗᨭάືࡽ㹼 ⏕ά⚟♴ࢥ࣮ࢫ 㩾ῲ Ⓩ 㸯㸵 ϩ ಟኈㄽᩥ࣭༞ᴗㄽᩥ ϩ㸫㸯 ◊✲㛤Ⓨᢞ㈨ࡀせ⣲⏕⏘ᛶࡢୖ᪼ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪㛵ࡍࡿᐇドศᯒ ♫⤒Ⴀ⛉Ꮫࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛಟ ➉ෆ Ꮥ 㸰㸳 ϩ㸫㸰 ༞ᴗ◊✲ࢮ࣑࡛Ꮫࢇࡔࡇ ♫⏘ᴗࢥ࣮ࢫ 㔠Ꮚ ⣖ኵ 㸰㸵 Ϫ ◊✲ㄽᩥ Ϫ㸫㸯 ࣎ࣛࣥࢸάື⏕ࡁࡿຊࡢ㛵㐃ᛶ㸫࣎ࣛࣥࢸయ㦂ሿࡢཧຍ⩌ᑐ↷⩌ࡢẚ㍑㸫 ᨺ㏦ᏛᏛ㝔ಟኈ㑅⛉⏕ ⱱ࿅ ㍤ኵ 㸰㸷 ϫ ᢏ⾡ゎㄝ ϫ㸫㸯 ⥺ᙧ௦ᩘᏛࡢ≉␗್ศゎ࡛⤫ィᏛࡢᡂศศᯒࢆゎࡃ ᩘᏛඹᴦ ᒣཱྀ ᩥኵ ➉ෆ Ꮥ ▼⏣ ⣖ஂ 㸱㸵 Ϭ ▱ࡢᑠ❆ Ϭ㸫㸯 Ỉᵴ ࡀࢲࣥࢫࡍࡿ ඖⲈᇛᏛ⩦ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᡤ㛗 ⓑ▼ ᫀṊ 㸲㸱 ϭ ⚾ࡢᨺ㏦Ꮫ ϭ㸫㸯 ⚾ࡗ࡚ࡢᨺ㏦Ꮫ࣮ࣟࢻࣂࢡ ⮬↛⎔ቃࢥ࣮ࢫ ⏣㎶ ⿱⨾ 㸲㸳 ⦅㞟ᚋグ
䊠ㄽㄝ㻌
䛄ᨺ㏦Ꮫ䛾ᩍဨ䛸Ꮫ⏕䛾▱㆑䞉⤒㦂䜢⏕䛛䛧䛯Ꮫ䜃䛸ᆅᇦ♫άື䛅
㻌
䊠䠉䠍㻌 ⏕≀䛾㞟ᅋ䜢⤫ィ䛸ᩘᏛⓗ䛺≀ᕪ䛷 䜛㻌
ඖⲈᇛᏛ⩦䝉䞁䝍䞊ᡤ㛗㻌 ሷぢ㻌 ṇ⾫㻌㻝㻌 㻌 ⏕≀Ꮫ䛜ᢅ䛳䛶䛔䜛⏕≀䛾㞟ᅋ䛻䛿䚸ྠ䛨✀㢮䛾⏕≀䛛䜙ᡂ䜚❧䛳䛶䛔䜛㞟ᅋ䛸䚸␗䛺䛳䛯✀㢮䛾⏕≀ 䛜୍⥴䛻䛺䛳䛶స䛳䛶䛔䜛㞟ᅋ䛜䛒䜛䚹ྠ䛨✀㢮䛾⏕≀䛾㞟ᅋ䛷䜒䚸ேཱྀቑຍ䛻㛵ಀ䛧䛶䛔䜛ᖺ㱋䜾䝹 䞊䝥䜔䚸䜎䛰ቑຍ䛻㛵ಀ䛷䛝䛺䛔ⱝ䛔ᖺ㱋䛾䜾䝹䞊䝥䚸䛩䛷䛻ேཱྀቑຍ䛻䛿㛵ಀ䛧䛺䛟䛺䛳䛯㞟ᅋ䛺䛹䚸 ᖺ㱋ᵓᡂ䛰䛡䛻ὀ┠䛧䛶䜒」㞧䛺䝅䝇䝔䝮䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹ᛶู䜔ᰤ㣴≧ែ䚸య㉁䚸ಶయ㛫䛾⏕Ꮡ➇த䚸 䛥䜎䛦䜎䛺Ṛஸཎᅉ䛺䛹⪃䛘䜛䛸䚸䜎䛩䜎䛩」㞧䛺㞟ᅋ䛷䛒䜛䚹ே㛫䛰䛡䛷䛿䛺䛟䚸䛩䜉䛶䛾⏕≀䛾㞟ᅋ 䛿ᚲ䛪䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺」㞧䛺䝅䝇䝔䝮䜢䜒䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹 ␗䛺䛳䛯⏕≀䛷ᵓᡂ䛥䜜䜛◊✲ᑐ㇟䛿䚸⏕≀䛾✀㢮ෆ䛻䛚䛡䜛⏕Ꮡ➇த䛾䛻䚸✀㢮㛫䛻䜒⇚Ⅿ䛺 ➇த䛜ാ䛔䛶䛔䜛䚹䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺✀㢮㛫䛾┦㛵ಀ䜢ㄪ䜉䚸ἲ๎䜢ぢ䛴䛡䜛◊✲䛿䚸䜟䛯䛧㐩䛜⏕≀䛾㞟 ᅋ䜢⏝䛩䜛䛯䜑䚸䜎䛯⮬↛䛾⏕≀㞟ᅋ䛸ඹᏑ䛧䛶䛔䛟䛯䜑䛻䛿䚸Ḟ䛛䛩䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛺䛔㔜せ䝔䞊䝬䛷䛒 䜛䚹ከ䛟䛾◊✲⪅䛜Ọᖺ◊✲䜢䛴䛵䛡䛶䛝䛯䛡䜜䛹䜒䚸䛷䜒䚸⏕≀㞟ᅋ䛾୰䜔⏕≀㞟ᅋ䛾㛫䛻䛿䚸ᮍ ▱䞉᫂䛾せᅉ䛜ከ䛟Ꮡᅾ䛧䛶䛔䛶䚸◊✲䝔䞊䝬䛿ᑾ䛝䜛䛣䛸䛜䛺䛔䚹 ᮏㄽ䛷䛿䚸ඛ䛪䚸ྠ䛨✀㢮䛷ᡂ䜚❧䛳䛶䛔䜛⏕≀䛾ಶయᩘ䜔䝞䜲䜸䝬䝇䛾ቑຍ䞉⌧㇟䛾ึṌⓗ䛺つ๎ 䜢ㄝ᫂䚸ᚋ༙䛷䚸䜟䛯䛧䛸ඹྠ◊✲⪅䛯䛱䛜⾜䛳䛶䛝䛯␗䛺䛳䛯✀㢮䛾⏕≀䛜ΰྜ䛧䛶䛔䜛㞟ᅋ䛾⏕Ꮡ ᵝᘧ䛾᭱᪂䛾◊✲ᡂᯝ䛻䛴䛔䛶ᴫ␎䜢㏙䜉䜛䚹௨ᚋ䚸䛂⏕≀䛾✀㢮䛃䛾䛣䛸䜢䛂⏕≀✀䛃䛒䜛䛔䛿༢䛻䛂✀䛃 䛸䜆䚹 1䠊ྠ୍⏕≀✀䛾㞟ᅋෆ䛾ಶయᩘ䛾ቑຍ䞉ῶᑡ ྠ୍⏕≀✀䛾ಶయ䛾㞟ᅋ䜢䚸䜟䛯䛧㐩䛿ಶయ⩌䛸䜣䛷䛔䜛䚹ୖ䛻䜒㏙䜉䛯䜘䛖䛻䚸ಶయ⩌䛸䛔䛳䛶䜒䚸 䛭䛾ᵓ㐀䛿䛿䛺䛿䛰␗䛺䛳䛯ᛶ㉁䜢䜒䛳䛯ಶయ䛾」㞧䛺㞟ᅋ䛷䛒䜛䛛䜙䚸䛭䜜䜙䜢ಶయ䛤䛸䛻⣽䛛䛟ㄪ 䜉䛶䛔䛟᪉ἲ䛜䛒䜛䚹୍᪉䚸䛭䛾䜘䛖䛺ಶయ㛫䛾㐪䛔䜢⏕≀㞟ᅋ䛾䜒䛴ᛶ㉁䛸䜏䛺䛧䚸䛭䛾㞟ᅋయ䛸䛧 䛶䛾⾜ື䜢ㄪ䜉䜛᪉ἲ䛜䛒䜛䚹䛣䛣䛷䛿䚸ᚋ⪅䛾᭱䜒⡆༢䛺䜢ᣲ䛢䜘䛖䚹 ேཱྀ䜔䝞䜽䝔䝸䜰䛺䛹䛾ಶయᩘ䛾ቑຍ䜢⪃䛘䜘䛖䚹䚸ᐇ㦂䛾䛿䛨䜑䛻ಶయᩘ䛜 y0䛷䛒䜛㞟ᅋ䜢⪃䛘䜛䚹 ᛶู䛾䛺䛔䝞䜽䝔䝸䜰䛺䜙 1 ಶయ䛛䜙ጞ䜎䛳䛶䜒䚸⎔ቃ᮲௳䛜‶䛯䛥䜜䜜䜀䛹䜣䛹䜣ቑ䛘䛶䛔䛟䛜䚸ே㛫 䛾䜘䛖䛻ᛶู䛜䛒䜛ሙྜ䛻䛿䛭䛖䛿䛔䛛䛺䛔䛾䛷䚸ዪᛶ䛾ேᩘ䛰䛡䜢 y0ே䛸⪃䛘䚸⏨ᛶ䛾ேᩘ䛿↓ど䛩 䜛䚹䛒䜛୍ᐃᮇ㛫䛻 1 ಶ䛾䝞䜽䝔䝸䜰䛿 1 㛫䛷 100r %䛪䛴ቑ䛘䛶䛔䛟䛸䛩䜛䛸䚸」ィ⟬䛷 t 㛫ᚋ䛾 䝞䜽䝔䝸䜰䛾ᩘ y 䛿䚸㻌 y = y0(1 + r)t㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 (1) 䛸䛺䜛䛣䛸䛿୰Ꮫ䛷Ꮫ䜣䛰䚹䛭䛣䛷䚸1᪥䜢n➼ศ䛧䛶1/n㛫䛷䛿100r/n %䛾ቑຍ⋡䛸䛩䜛䚹䛧䛯䛜䛳䛶䚸 ᘧ 1 䛿 y= y0 ntn
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rt㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌(2)㻌 䜢ᚓ䜛䚹䠄¸
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䠄e; e = 2.7183…䠅䚹 1 ⲈᇛᏛྡᩍᤵ䚸㻌 ᨺ㏦Ꮫ⮬↛䛸⎔ቃ䝁䞊䝇㻌 Ꮫ⏕㻌㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ᘧ 2 䛿䚸䜒䛳䛸⡆༢䛺⪃䛘᪉䛷䜒ồ䜑䜙䜜䜛䚹䝞䜽䝔䝸䜰 ಶᩘ䛾▐㛫䛾ቑຍ㏿ᗘ䜢 dy/dt 䛷⾲䛧䚸䛭䜜䛿䛒䜛Ⅼ t 䛻䛚䛡䜛ಶᩘ y 䛻ẚ䛩䜛䠄ẚಀᩘ䜢୍ᐃ್ r䠅䛸䛩䜛 䛸䠖
ry
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y
1
䠄C 䛿✚ศᖖᩘ䠅 䜢ゎ䛟䛸䚸log y = rt + C 䛸䛺䜚䚸y = eC + rt 䛻䛚䛔䛶 y 0 = eCᨾ䚸ᘧ 2 䛜ᚓ䜙䜜䜛䚹 䚸ᘧ 2 䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸y0 = 1䚸r = 0.1 䛾ሙྜ䛸 r = 0.2 䛾ሙྜ䜢ẚ㍑䛧䛶ᅗ 1 䛻♧䛩䚹䛔䛪䜜䜒㛫䛻䛸䜒 䛺䛳䛶䚸䝞䜽䝔䝸䜰ᩘ䛿↓㝈䛻ྥ䛛䛳䛶ቑຍ䛧䛶䛔䛟䚹䝞䜽䝔䝸䜰䛺䛹䛾⏕≀䛷䛿䚸r 䜢」⋡䛷䛿䛺䛟 ቑຍ⋡䛸䜣䛷䛔䜛䚹 ᘧ2 䛷♧䛧䛯䝞䜽䝔䝸䜰䛾ቑຍ䜢⾲䛩㛵ᩘ䛿䚸䝞䜽䝔䝸䜰䛾⏕ᜥ䛧䛶䛔䜛⎔ቃ䛜↓㝈䜎䛷䛾ಶᩘ䜢チ ᐜ䛷䛝䜛ሙྜ䛷䛒䜛䚹䛧䛛䛧ᬑ㏻䚸⏕Ꮡ䛷䛝䜛✵㛫䜔㣗⣊䛺䛹䛾⎔ቃ䛻䛿ୖ㝈䛜䛒䛳䛶䚸ಶᩘ䛜ቑ䛘䛴 䛵䛡䜛䛸䝞䜽䝔䝸䜰䛾ቑຍ䛿ᢚไ䛥䜜䜛䚹䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺᮲௳䜢䛡ຍ䛘䛯⏕≀䛾ቑຍ䜢⾲䛩㛵ᩘ䛜 1900 ᖺ ௦䛻⪃䛘䜙䜜䛯䚹䛭䜜䛿䚸㞟ᅋ䜢ᢅ䛳䛶䛔䜛⏕≀Ꮫ䛾ᩍ⛉᭩䛻䛿ᚲ䛪グ㍕䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛂䝻䝆䝇䝔䜱䝑䜽䠄ᡂ 㛗䠅᭤⥺䛃䛷䛒䜛䚹䛭䛾ᘧ䛾ᴫᛕ䛿௨ୗ䛾䛸䛚䜚䛷䛒䜛䚹 㻌 䝅䝵䜴䝆䝵䜴䝞䜶䜢㣫⫱䝡䞁䛷㣫⫱䛧䛶䛔䜛䛸䛧䜘䛖䚹䝡䞁䛷䝅䝵䜴䝆䝵䜴䝞䜶䛜༨䜑䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛ᐜ✚䛾 ୖ㝈䜢 K䠄⎔ቃᐜຊ䛸䛔䛖䠅䚸ᐇ㦂㛤ጞ䛾้ t0䛻䛚䛡䜛ಶయᩘ䜢 y0䚸ቑຍ⋡䜢 r 䛸䛩䜛䚹้ t 䛻䛚 䛡䜛ಶయᩘ䜢 y 䛸䛩䜛䛸䚸䜎䛰䝅䝵䜴䝆䝵䜴䝞䜶ಶయ䛾ᐜྍ⬟䛺ᐜ✚䛿 K–y 䛷䛒䜛䚹䛭䛣䛷䚸ᘧ 2 䛻䛚䛡 䜛 r 䛿ᅗ 2䠄r’䛸᭩䛟䠅䛻♧䛩䜘䛖䛻䚸Ꮡᅾ䛩䜛ಶయᩘ y 䛜ቑຍ䛩䜛䛸┤⥺ⓗ䛻ῶᑡ䛧䚸ಶయᩘ y 䛜 K 䛻㐩 䛩䜛䛸ቑຍ⋡ r’䛿 0 䛻䛺䜛䛸௬ᐃ䛩䜛䚹䛣䛾ᅗ 2 䜢ᘧ䛷⾲䛩䛸䚸 r' =¿
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䛸䛺䜛䚹a 䜢ึᮇ᮲௳䛻䜘䛳䛶Ỵ䜎䜛ᐃᩘ䛸䛧䛶䛣䛾ᘧ䜢ゎ䛟䛸䚸 rtae
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㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 (4) 䛜ᚓ䜙䜜䜛䚹⏕≀Ꮫ䛾ᩍ⛉᭩䛷䛿䚸䝻䝆䝇䝔䜱䝑䜽᭤⥺䛿ᘧ 4 䛾ᙧ䛷᭩䛛䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹 䛣䛾䝻䝆䝇䝔䜱䝑䜽᭤⥺䛿䚸ྂ䛟䛛䜙䚸⏕≀Ꮫ䛷ᗈ䛟䜟䜜䛶䛝䛯᭷ྡ䛺ᘧ䛷䚸䛣䛾ᘧ䜢ᇶᮏ䛻䛧䛶䚸⏕ ≀䛾ᖺ㱋䠄䜶䞊䝆䠅䜢ຍ䛧䛯䜚䚸⏕≀䛾✀㛫䛾த䛔䠄➇த䠅䜔༠ㄪస⏝䚸ᤕ㣗స⏝䛺䛹䜢ྵ䜣䛰ᘧ䛜⪃ 䛘䜙䜜䚸㠀ᖖ䛻ከ䛟䛾◊✲ᴗ⦼䜔Ⳙ䛺㔞䛾༤ኈㄽᩥ䛾ཎⅬ䛻䛺䛳䛶䛝䛯䚹㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ᅗ 3 䛻䚸K = 10 䛻タᐃ䛧䚸✀䚻䛾 r ್䛷ᥥ䛔䛯䝻䝆䝇䝔䜱䝑䜽᭤⥺䜢♧䛩䚹䛣䛣䛷䛿䚸㈇䛾್䜢䜒䛳䛶䛔 䜛ቑຍ⋡䠄ῶᑡ⋡䠅䛾᭤⥺䜒ྵ䜎䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹 0 200 400 600 800 1000 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 䝞䜽 䝔䝸 䜰 ᩘ 䚷 㼥 䚷㛫䚷t r = 0.2 r = 0.1 ᅗ䠍 䝞䜽䝔䝸䜰ᩘ䛾ቑຍ㈇䛾 r 䛜⏕䛨䜛⌧㇟䛿䚸䛘䜀䚸⎔ቃ᮲௳䛾ᝏ䛷⎔ቃᐜຊ K 䛜పୗ䛧䛯ሙྜ䛺䛹䛻Ⓨ⏕䛩䜛䚹 ᅗ 4 䛻䚸ୡ⏺䛾ேཱྀືែ䛾ᐇែ䛸ண 䜢♧䛩䛜䚸2000 ᖺ䜎䛷䛻䛿䛔䜎䛰ቑຍ䛜⥆䛔䛶䛔䛶䚸ேཱྀᵓ 㐀䛻䛿ᖹᖖ≧ែ䛜ぢ䜙䜜䛺䛔䚹2050 ᖺ䜎䛷䛾ୡ⏺ேཱྀ䛾ண 䛷䛿䚸⎔ቃᐜຊ K 䛾Ꮡᅾ䛜ண 䛥䜜䜛 䜘䛖䛻ぢ䛘䜛䛜䚸K 䛿㣗⣊⏕⏘䜔⾨⏕䞉་⒪᮲௳䛾ᨵၿ䛻ᙳ㡪䜢ཷ䛡䛝䛟䛺䜛䛛䜙䚸K 䛿୍ᐃ್䛷䛿䛺 䛟䚸ᑗ᮶䛹䛾⛬ᗘ䛾䝷䜲䞁䜎䛷ୖ᪼䛩䜛䛛ண 䛿䜐䛪䛛䛧䛔䚹㎰ᴗᐖ䛾Ⓨ⏕ᩘ䚸㔝⏕⏕≀ᩘ䛾ኚື䚸 ⁺ᴗ㈨※㔞䛾ኚື䛾ゎᯒ䛺䛹䛻䜒䝻䝆䝇䝔䜱䝑䜽᭤⥺䛾⪃䛘᪉䛜䜟䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹 2.㻌 」ᩘ䛾⏕≀✀䛾⩌䜜䛜ᙧᡂ䛧䛶䛔䜛⏕≀㞟ᅋ 䜟䛯䛧䛿䜋䜌 20 ᖺ㛫䚸䛂ⲡཎ䛾᳜≀㞟ᅋ䛿䚸䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺᳜≀䛷䚸䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻ᵓᡂ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛛䛃䜢䚸᪥ᮏ䚸 ୰ᅜ䚸୰ኸ䝶䞊䝻䝑䝟䛾ⲡཎ䛷ㄪ䜉䛶䛝䛯䚹䛭䛣䛷ぢ䛴䛡䛯ἲ๎䛾୍➃䜢⤂䛧䛯䛔䚹◊✲⤖ᯝ䛿䚸ⲡ ཎ䛾ಖ䜔Ⲩᗫ䛧䛯ⲡཎ䛾ᅇ䚸ᐙ␆㣫ᩱ䛾⏕⏘䛻┤䛱䛻ᙺ❧䛴䜒䛾䛷䛿䛺䛔䛛䜒䛧䜜䛺䛔䛡䜜䛹䜒䚸 䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺䝔䞊䝬䛾◊✲䛜䛔䛴䛛䛿䚸㣫ᩱ⏕⏘䜔ᆅ⌫䛸ᆅᇦ䛾⎔ቃಖ䛾ᨻ⟇䛻ᙺ❧䛴䛸⪃䛘䛶䛔䜛䚹 」ᩘ䛾⏕≀✀䛷ᵓᡂ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛㞟ᅋ䜢⩌㞟䛸䛛⩌ⴠ䛸䜣䛷䛔䜛䚹 2.1㻌 ᳜≀䛾✀ᩘ䛾✵㛫ศᕸ 䠄ᩥ⊩ [1]䠅 ✵㛫ศᕸ䛸䛿䚸䛣䛣䛷䛿ⲡᆅෆ䜔᳃ᯘෆ䚸⪔ᆅෆ䛺䛹䛻䚸᳜≀䛜ศᕸ䛧䛶䛔䜛ᵝᘧ䛷䛒䜛䚹䜟䛯䛧䛯䛱 䛿䚸䜋䜌 20 ᖺ๓䛛䜙䚸䛂୍ᐃᑠ㠃✚ᙜ䜚䛾᳜≀䛾✀ᩘ䛜䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻䚸✵㛫ⓗ䛻ศᕸ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛛䛃䛻㛵ᚰ䜢 䜒䛳䛶䛝䛯䚹ᅗ5a 䛿䚸୰ᅜ㝐す┬⚄ᮌᮧ䛾ⲡཎ䛷ㄪᰝ䛧䛯⤖ᯝ䛷䛒䜛䚹45 m 䛾䝷䜲䞁ୖ䛻 50 cm u 50 cm 䛾᪉ᙧᯟ䜢 90 ಶ⨨䛔䛶䚸䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾ᯟෆ䛾᳜≀✀ᩘ䜢䛛䛮䛘䛯䚹90 ಶ䛾ᯟ䛾✀ᩘ䜢㢖ᗘศᕸ䛻䜎䛸䜑 䛯䛾䛜ᅗ5b䛷䛒䜛䚹᭱䜒ᑡ䛺䛔✀ᩘ䛾ᯟ䛷䛿4✀䚸᭱䜒ከ䛟䛾✀䛜ඹᏑ䛧䛶䛔䜛ᯟ䛷䛿11✀䛜ぢ䛴䛛䛳 䛯䚹ᖹᆒ✀ᩘ䛿᪉ᙧᯟᙜ䜚 6.28䚸ศᩓ†䛿 2.46 䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹䛣䛾㢖ᗘศᕸ䛾≉ᚩ䛿䠖ձᖹᆒ 䠘 ศᩓὀ1䚸ղ ᪉ᙧᯟᙜ䜚✀ᩘ䛾᭱ᑠ್ k 䛜䛒䜛䠄ᅗ 5b 䛷䛿 4 ✀䠅䚹䛂䛺䛬䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺≉ᚩ䛜ぢ䜙䜜䜛䛾䛛䛃䛸䚸㛗䛔㛫⪃ 䛘䛯ᮎ䚸2ᖺ๓䜅䛸Ẽ䛜䛴䛔䛯䛣䛸䛿䚸䛂䝫䜰䝋䞁ศᕸ‡䜢ྑ䛻k༢⛣ື䛧䛯㢖ᗘศᕸ䛜✀ᩘ䛾㢖ᗘศᕸ 䛻㐺ྜ䛩䜛䛃䛾䛷䛿䛺䛔䛛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹䛭䜜䜢ᅗ5c䛻♧䛩䚹ᅗ5c䛷䛿䚸ⲡཎ䛷ᚓ䜙䜜䛯✀ᩘ䛾㢖 ᗘศᕸ䛿䚸䝫䜰䝋䞁ศᕸ䜢ᕥ䛻 4 ༢⛣ື䛧䛯㢖ᗘศᕸ䛻䛛䛺䜚䜘䛟㐺ྜ䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹i ✀䛜Ꮡᅾ䛧䛶䛔䜛᪉ ᙧᯟ䛾ྜ P(i) 䜢⾲䛩୍⯡ᘧ䠄䝰䝕䝹䠅䜢ᘧ 5 䛻䠄i = 0, 1, 2, … 䠅♧䛩䠖 y r' K r'=r{1-y/K} 0 0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 ಶయ ᩘ㻌 㼥 䚷䚷㛫䚷㼠 K = ҄r = 0.1 K㻌=㻌䌲r㻌= 0.2 K = 10, r = -0.1 K = 10, r = -0.2 K = 10, r = 0.1 K = 10, r = 0.2K 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1960 1980 2000 2020 2040 ே 䚷 ཱྀ䚷 㻔൨ ே㻕 す䚷ᬺ ሷぢ䛾ண ᅜ㐃䛾ண ᅗ 㻞㻌 ቑຍ⋡䛻ไ㝈䛜䛒䜛ሙྜ r ’ = r{1–y/K} ᅗ 3㻌 䛔䜝䛔䜝䛾䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍䛻ᑐ䛩䜛 䝻䝆䝇䝔䜱䝑䜽᭤⥺ K = 0 䜘䜚ୖ䛾᭤⥺䛜ቑຍ⋡䛜㈇䛾ሙྜ 䛷䛒䜛 ᅗ 4㻌 䝻䝆䝇䝔䜱䝑䜽᭤⥺䛻䜘䜛ୡ⏺ேཱྀ䛾 ண ᅜ㐃䠖2000 ᖺ䜎䛷䛾䝕䞊䝍䛛䜙ண 䛿䚸ᑗ ᮶䛾㣗⣊䜔⾨⏕䞉་⒪䛾ᨵၿ䛻䜘䛳䛶⎔ቃ ᐜຊ K 䛾ྥୖ䜢⪃៖䛧䛶䛔䜛䠗୍᪉䚸 ሷぢ䠖2010 ᖺ䜎䛷䛾䝕䞊䝍䛰䛡䛷ண
P(0) = P(1) = … = P(k) = 0, 㻌
P(i) = e–i–k/(i–k)! (i = k, k + 1, k+2, …)㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 (5)
䛣䛣䛷䚸k䛿ᯟᙜ䜚᭱ᑠ䛾✀ᩘ䚸䛿ᘧ5䜢ᕥ䛻k༢⛣ື䛧䛯㢖ᗘศᕸ䠄䝫䜰䝋䞁ศᕸὀ2䠅䛾ᖹᆒ䛷䛒䜛䚹 䜎䛯䚸i = k, k + 1, k+2, … 䛷䚸ᘧ 5 䛾ᖹᆒ 䛿 + k䚸ศᩓ䛿 䛷䛒䜛䚹ᨾ䛻䚸ᖹᆒ > ศᩓ䚹 ⚾䛿䚸᳜≀䛾㞟ᅋ䛷䛔䛴䛷䜒䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺⌧㇟䛜㉳䛣䜛䛾䛿䚸ᅗ 6 䛻♧䛩䜘䛖䛺ཎᅉ䛻䜘䜛䛸⪃䛘䛶䛔䜛䠖 ձ᪉ᙧᯟෆ䛻䛿 n ಶ䛾䛚─䛜䛒䜛䠄ᅗ 6 䛷䛿 n = 9 ಶ䛾䛚─䠅䠗ղⲡཎ䛻⏕Ꮡ䛧䛶䛔䜛᳜≀✀䛻䛿䚸㠀ᖖ 䛻ከ䛟ฟ⌧䛩䜛✀䛛䜙ฟ⌧䛜䜟䛪䛛䛺✀䜎䛷䛔䜝䛔䜝䛒䜛䠗ճ✀䛤䛸䛾ฟ⌧㔞䛻ẚ䛧䛶᪉ᙧᯟෆ䛾䛚 ─䜢✀䚻䛾᳜≀✀䛜ᇙ䜑䜛䚹䜂䛸䛴䛾䛚─䛻䛿䜂䛸䛴䛾✀䛰䛡䛜ධ䜛䛜䚸ฟ⌧㔞䛾ከ䛔✀䛿䛔䛟䛴䜒䛾 䛚─䜢༨䜑䜛䚹䜂䛸䛴䛾᪉ᙧᯟෆ䛷䛿䚸1 ಶ䛰䛡䛾䛚─䜢༨䜑䜛✀䜒䛔䛟䛴䜒䛾䛚─䜢ᇙ䜑䛯✀䜒䚸✀ᩘ 䛿䛹䛱䜙䜒 1 䛷䛒䜛䚹௨ୖ䛾䜘䛖䛺䝥䝻䝉䝇䛷᪉ᙧᯟ䛤䛸䛻Ꮡᅾ䛧䛶䛔䜛✀䛸✀ᩘ䛜Ỵ䜎䜛䚸䛸䛔䛖䛾䛜ᇶ ᮏⓗ䛺✀ᩘỴᐃ䛾䝯䜹䝙䝈䝮䛷䛒䜛䛸⪃䛘䛶䛔䜛䚹 䛣䛣䛻♧䛧䛯㝐す┬⚄ᮌᮧ䛾䝕䞊䝍௨እ䛻䚸䜟䛯䛧䛯䛱䛜䜒䛳䛶䛔䜛᪥ᮏ䚸୰ᅜ䚸୰ኸ䝶䞊䝻䝑䝟䛺䛹 䛷⾜䛳䛯ㄪᰝ䝕䞊䝍䛾䛖䛱 1 䜢㝖䛔䛶䚸䛩䜉䛶ᘧ 5 䛷䛖䜎䛟⾲⌧䛷䛝䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛯䚹㻌 ᅗ 5㻌 a 45 m 䛾䝷䜲䞁ୖ䛻䛚䛔䛯䛝䛥 50 cm u 50 cm 䛾 90 ಶ䛾᪉ᙧᯟ䛤䛸䛻ฟ⌧䛧䛶䛔䛯✀ᩘ b ᪉ᙧᯟᙜ䜚✀ᩘ䝕䞊䝍䛾㢖ᗘศᕸ c ᪉ᙧᯟᙜ䜚✀ᩘ䝕䞊䝍䛸ᘧ 5䠄䝰䝕䝹䠅䛻䜘䛳䛶⾲䛧䛯㢖ᗘศᕸ ᅗ 6 䛹䛾▴ᙧᯟ䛻䜒 9 ಶ䛾䛚─䛜䛒䜛䚹䛚─䛾䛔䛟䛴䛛䛿 A䚸B䚸C䚸D 䛾䛹䜜䛛䛾✀䛻༨䜑䜙䜜䜛䚹 ฟ⌧䛾ከ䛔✀䛿䛔䛟䛴䜒䛾䛚─䜢༨䜑䜛䛜䚸ฟ⌧䛾ᑡ䛺䛔✀䛿䜑䛳䛯䛻ධ䜙䛺䛔䚹䛹䛾✀䛻䜒༨䜑䜙䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔䛚─䜒䛒䜛
2.2㻌 ✀ᵓᡂ䛻㛵䛩䜛◊✲ ᳜≀䛾✀ᵓᡂ䛜␗䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䛔䛟䛴䛛䛾ሙᡤ䜔ᮇ䛾ㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ䜢ẚ㍑䛧䛶䚸䛭䜜䜙䛾᳜≀㞟ᅋ䛾ຎ 䜔ᅇ䛾Ỉ‽䜢ุ᩿䛩䜛ᚲせᛶ䛻㏕䜙䜜䜛䛣䛸䛿ከ䛔䚹◁₍䛜㐍⾜䛧䛯䜚䚸ὥỈ䜔㔝ⅆ䛜Ⓨ⏕䛩䜛 䛸䚸᳜≀㞟ᅋ䛾✀ᵓᡂ䛿䛝䛺ኚ䜢ཷ䛡䜛䚹⾲ 1 䛿䚸䝏䝧䝑䝖⮬༊ᯇከ୕ᮧ䛾 2 䛴䛾ⲡཎ A 䛸 B 䛷 ⾜䛳䛯ㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ䛾୍㒊䛷䚸ㄝ᫂䛾䛯䜑䛻୧ⲡᆅ䛸䜒 5 䛴䛾᪉ᙧᯟ䛰䛡䜢ྲྀ䜚ฟ䛧䛯䚹16 ✀㢮䛾᳜≀䛜ฟ ⌧䛧䛯䛜䚸ྠ䛨ⲡཎෆ䛷䛒䛳䛶䜒✀ᵓᡂ䛿᪉ᙧᯟ㛫䛷␗䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䛧䚸୍⯡䛻䛿䚸␗䛺䛳䛯⟶⌮䜢⾜䛳䛶 䛔䜛ⲡཎ㛫䛷䛿䚸✀ᵓᡂ䛿䜒䛳䛸䛝䛟␗䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹䜟䛯䛧㐩䛿䚸䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺ⲡཎෆ䛸ⲡཎ㛫䛾᳜≀䛾✀ ᵓᡂ䛾䛱䛜䛔䜢ᩘ್䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹䛭䛾䛯䜑䛻䚸䝤䝺䜲-䜹䞊䝏䝇䛜 1955 ᖺ䛻⪃䛧䛯ᣦᩘ䜢ᇶ♏䛻䛖䛣 䛸䛻䛧䛯䚹ᙼ䜙䛾ᣦᩘ䛾ィ⟬ᘧ䛿䚸ぢ䛯┠䛿䛱䜗䛳䛸」㞧䛰䛜䚸䛣䛾ᘧ䛿䚸2 䛴䛾᪉ᙧᯟ䛾㛫䛷䚸ձ✀ᵓ ᡂ䛜䛟➼䛧䛔䛸䛝䛿 0䚸ղ䜎䛳䛯䛟␗䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䛸䛝䛻䛿 1 䛾್䜢䛸䜚䚸ճ䛭䛾୰㛫䛾✀ᵓᡂ䛾䛸䛝䛻䛿 0 䛸 1 䛾㛫䛾್䜢䛸䜛䚹䝤䝺䜲-䜹䞊䝏䝇䛾ᇶᮏⓗ䛺ᘧ T 䛿䚸zhi䜢➨ h ␒┠䛾᪉ᙧᯟෆ䛾➨ i ␒┠䛾✀䛜ྲྀ 䛳䛯್䚸s 䜢✀ᩘ䛸䛩䜛䛸䚸➨h ␒┠䛾᪉ᙧᯟ䛸➨k ␒┠䛾᪉ᙧᯟ䛾㛫䛾✀ᵓᡂ䛾㐪䛔䜢䛒䜙䜟䛧䛶䛔䜛䠖 ព䛾䛒䜛ᛂ⏝䜢䜂䛸䛴䛒䛢䜛䚹2009 ᖺ䚸ⲈᇛᏛ⌮Ꮫ㒊䛸୰ᅜ䛾す㎰ᯘ⛉ᢏᏛ䛾ྜྠ䛷䚸 㯤ᅵᆅᖏ䛾୰ᅜᑀኟ⮬༊䛻䛒䜛ᶆ㧗 2000 m 䛾༙⇱ⲡཎ䛷ㄪᰝ䜢⾜䛳䛯䚹䛭䛾ⲡཎ䛷䛿㛗ᖺ⥥⨺ 䛸ᒣ⨺䛾ᨺ∾䛜⾜䜟䜜䛶䛝䛯䛜䚸⤒῭Ⓨᒎ䛻క䛳䛶䛣䜜䜎䛷䜘䜚ᙉ䛔ᨺ∾䛜⾜䜟䜜䜛䜘䛖䛻䛺䜚䚸ⲡཎ䛿 ⴭ䛧䛟ᦆയ䚸◁₍䛾ᑍ๓䜎䛷䛝䛶䛧䜎䛳䛯䚹す㎰ᯘ⛉ᢏᏛ䛿䚸1982 ᖺ䛛䜙䛭䛾ⲡཎ䛾ᅇ䛾䛯䜑 䛾ᅜᐙ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛻ཧຍ䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹ᆅᇦ䛿⭾䛺㠃✚䜢༨䜑䛶䛔䛶䚸䛭䛾୰䛻ᨺ∾䜢⚗Ṇ䛧䛯ヨ㦂༊䜢 タ䛡䛯䚹䜟䛯䛧䛯䛱䛾ㄪᰝ䛾Ⅼ䛷䛿䚸2009 ᖺᙜ䜎䛰ᨺ∾䜢⾜䛳䛶䛔䛯䛸䛶䜒㈋ᙅ䛺᳜≀䛾ⲡཎ䚸ᨺ ∾⚗Ṇ 2 ᖺ㛫䛾ⲡཎ䚸ᨺ∾⚗Ṇ 7 ᖺ㛫䛾ⲡཎ䚸ᨺ∾⚗Ṇ 12 ᖺ㛫䛾ⲡཎ䛸䛔䛖䜘䛖䛻䚸5 ᖺ䛤䛸䛻ᨺ∾⚗ Ṇ27 ᖺ㛫䜎䛷䛾 7 ✀㢮䛾ⲡཎ䛜䛒䛳䛯䚹ྠᏛ䛾䛤ዲព䛻䜘䛳䛶䚸䜟䛯䛧䛯䛱䛿䛭䛾ⲡᆅ䛾ㄪᰝ䜢⾜䛳 䛯䚹䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾ⲡཎ䛻 50 cm u 50 cm 䛾᪉ᙧᯟ䜢 100 ಶ⨨䛔䛶䚸ᯟ䛤䛸䛻䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾᳜≀䛤䛸䛾✀䛾Ꮡ ᅾ㔞䜢 ᐃ䛧䛯䚹 ᐃ䛷䛿䚸0䠄Ꮡᅾ䛧䛺䛔䠅䡚4䠄㇏ᐩ䛻Ꮡᅾ䛩䜛䠅䜎䛷䛾5ẁ㝵䛾ᩘ್䜢䛘䛯䚹䛭䛾䜘䛖 䛺䝕䞊䝍䛻䜒䛸䛵䛔䛶䚸⤒Ṕ䛜␗䛺䛳䛯7䛴䛾ᨺ∾⚗Ṇ䜢䛴䛵䛡䛯ⲡཎ䛾✀ᵓᡂ䛾ẚ㍑䜢⾜䛳䛯⤖ᯝ䜢 ⾲ 2 䛻♧䛩䚹 䛣䛾⾲䛷䛿䚸๓䛻䜒㏙䜉䛯䜘䛖䛻䚸䛝䛺ᩘᏐ䛿✀ᵓᡂ䛻䛝䛺㐪䛔䛜䛒䜛䛣䛸䜢䚸ᑠ䛥䛺ᩘᏐ䛿✀ᵓ ᡂ䛜ఝ䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䜢♧䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹య䛸䛧䛶䚸ᨺ∾䜢ྠ䛨ᖺᩘ⚗Ṇ䛧䛶䛔䜛ヨ㦂༊ෆ䛾᪉ᙧᯟ㛫䛷䛿䚸✀ ᵓᡂ䛾㐪䛔䛿ᑠ䛥䛔䛡䜜䛹䜒䚸ᨺ∾⚗ṆṔ䛜␗䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛ヨ㦂༊䛾᪉ᙧᯟ㛫䛷䛿✀ᵓᡂ䛾㐪䛔䛿䛝 䛔䚹䜒䛖ᑡ䛧ヲ䛧䛟ぢ䜛䛯䜑䛻䚸⾲ 2 䛾୍㒊䜢ᢤ䛝ฟ䛧䛶䜾䝷䝣䛧䛶䜏䜛䠄ᅗ 7䠅䚹 ᅗ7a䛾ⅬA䛿䚸ᨺ∾⚗Ṇ27ᖺ㛫䛾ヨ㦂༊䛸0ᖺ䠄䛩䛺䜟䛱䚸ᨺ∾୰䠗0.7684䠅䛾ヨ㦂༊䛾ẚ㍑䛷䛒䜛䚹 B䚸C䚸… 䛸ྑୗ䜈㡰ḟ䚸ᨺ∾⚗Ṇ27ᖺ䛾ヨ㦂༊䛸ᨺ∾⚗Ṇ2ᖺ䛾ヨ㦂༊䛾✀ᵓᡂ䛾㐪䛔䠄0.7212䠅䚸27 ᖺ䛾ヨ㦂༊䛸 7 ᖺ䛾ヨ㦂༊䛾㐪䛔䠄0.6903䠅䚸… 䛸䛔䛖䜘䛖䛻ぢ䛶䛔䛟䛸䚸ᨺ∾䜢⚗Ṇ䛧䛶䛔䛯ᖺᩘ䛜 27 ᖺ䛻㏆䛵䛔䛶䛔䛟䛻䛧䛯䛜䛳䛶䚸2 䛴䛾ᨺ∾䜢⚗Ṇ䛧䛯ヨ㦂༊㛫䛾✀ᵓᡂ䛾㐪䛔䛿┤⥺ⓗ䛻ᑠ䛥䛟䛺䛳 䛶䛔䛳䛯䛣䛸䛜ศ䛛䜛䚹ᅗ 7b 䛾Ⅼ A 䛿䚸ᨺ∾୰䛾ヨ㦂༊䛸ᨺ∾⚗Ṇ 2 ᖺ㛫䛾ヨ㦂༊䛾㛫䛾✀ᵓᡂ䛾㐪 䛔䠄0.6219䠅䜢⾲䛧䚸㡰ḟྑ䛻䚸B 䛿ᨺ∾⚗Ṇ 2 ᖺ䛾ヨ㦂༊䛸 7 ᖺ䛾ヨ㦂༊㛫䛾✀㢮ᵓᡂ䛾㐪䛔䚸… 䜢 ⾲䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹䛣䛾ᅗ䛛䜙䛿䚸Ⅼ E 䛸 F 䛿 A䡚D 䜘䜚✀ᵓᡂ䛾㐪䛔䛜ᑠ䛥䛟䛶Ᏻᐃ䛧䛯✀ᵓᡂ䛾㐪䛔䜢♧䛧 䛶䛔䜛䜘䛖䛻ぢ䛘䜛䚹䜟䛯䛧䛯䛱䛿䚸䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺ᨺ∾⚗ṆṔ䛻ᚑ䛳䛯✀ᵓᡂ䜢᳨ウ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䛳䛶䚸ఱᖺ
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㛫ᨺ∾䜢⚗Ṇ䛩䜜䜀ඃⰋ䛺ⲡཎ䛜ᅇ䛷䛝䜛䛛䜢᳨ウ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛯䚹ⲡཎ䛾ᅇ䛻䛿 12 ᖺ䛛䜙 17 ᖺ䜒䛛䛛䜚䚸䜟䛯䛧㐩䛜ண䛧䛶䛔䛯䜘䜚䜒䛛䛺䜚㛗䛔ᮇ㛫䜢せ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻Ẽ䛵䛛䛥䜜䛯䚹 ⾲ 1㻌 すⶶ䠄䝏䝧䝑䝖䠅ᯇከ୕ᮧⲡཎ䛾ⲡཎ A 䛸ⲡཎ B 䛾 100 䛪䛴䛾᪉ᙧᯟ䛾᭱ึ䛛䜙 5 ᪉ᙧᯟ䛪䛴䜢䛸䜚䛰䛧䛯 16✀䛾✀ᵓᡂ䛸ฟ⌧㢖ᗘ ⾲ 2㻌 7 䛴䛾ᨺ∾䜢⚗Ṇ䛧䛯ヨ㦂༊ෆ䛚䜘䜃ヨ㦂༊㛫䛻䛚䛡䜛✀ᵓᡂ䛾㐪䛔 䛝䛺ᩘ್䛿┦␗䛜䛝䛔䛣䛸䜢䚸ᑠ䛥䛔್䛿┦␗䛜ᑠ䛥䛔䛣䛸䜢♧䛩 㻟㻚㻌 ᑠ㠃✚ᙜ䜚✀ᩘ䛾ୡ⏺グ㘓㻌 䠄ᩥ⊩ [2]䠅 䜟䛯䛧䛜ᅾ⡠䛧䛶䛔䛯ⲈᇛᏛ⌮Ꮫ㒊䛾⏕ែᏛ◊✲ᐊ䛷䛿䚸୰ᅜすᑀᕷ䛻᰿ᣐᆅ䜢䛚䛟す㧗ཎ⏕ ≀◊✲ᡤ䛸᪥ᮏ䛾ᅜ❧⎔ቃ◊✲ᡤ䛾ຓ䜢ᚓ䛶䚸ྠ◊✲ᡤ䛾୰ᅜ㟷ᾏ┬ᾏᆅ༊䛻ᡤᅾ䛩䜛ヨ㦂ᆅ 䛷䚸2001 ᖺ䛛䜙 2003 ᖺ䜎䛷ⲡཎ᳜≀䛾ㄪᰝ䜢⾜䛳䛯䚹ヨ㦂ᆅ䛾ᶆ㧗䛿 3200 m 䜒䛒䛳䛶䚸㧗ᡤ䛻័䜜䛶 䛔䛺䛔䜟䛯䛧㐩䛿䚸䜖䛳䛟䜚Ṍ䛔䛶䜒ᜥษ䜜䛧䛯䚹⛣ື䛩䜛䛾䛜䛝䛴䛛䛳䛯䛾䛷䚸ㄪᰝᆅ䛿ᐟ⯋䛾䛤䛟㏆ 䛟䛻タᐃ䛧䛯䚹䛣䛾䛣䛸䛜അ↛䛻䚸㠀ᖖ䛻ከ䛔✀ᩘ䛾ሙᡤ䛾Ⓨぢ䛻䛴䛺䛜䛳䛯䚹䛣䛾ⲡཎ䛷䛿䚸∾Ẹ䛿䚸 ᬮᏘ䛻䛿ᮧ䛛䜙ᩘkm䛛䜙ᩘ༑km㞳䜜䛯ᒣᓅᆅᖏ䛷⥥⨺䛸䝲䜽䛾ΰ⩌䜢ᨺ∾䛧䚸ኟ䛜⤊䜟䜛䛸ᮧෆ䛾ᬮ Ꮨ䛻↓ᇈ䛷 Ꮡ䛥䜜䛶䛔䛯ẚ㍑ⓗ⊃䛔ⲡཎ䛻ᨺ∾䜢⾜䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹䜟䛯䛧䛯䛱䛾ㄪᰝᆅ䛿䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺ᐮᏘ 䛻ᨺ∾䛥䜜䜛ⲡཎ䛷䛒䜛䚹ㄪᰝ䛿 8 ᭶ୖ᪪䛻⾜䛳䛯䛛䜙䚸䛭䛣䛿ᐮᏘ䛾⏝䛯䜑䛻 Ꮡ䛥䜜䛶䛔䛯ⲡཎ ᨺ∾⚗Ṇᖺᩘ 27 ᖺ㛫 22 17 12 7 2 0 ᨺ∾୰㻌 27 ᖺ㛫 0.4852† 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 22 0.5060‡ 0.3858 17 0.5795 0.4885 0.4316 12 0.6185 0.5244 0.5901 0.4051 7 0.6903 0.6544 0.6373 0.6317 0.5598 2 0.7212 0.6935 0.6381 0.7207 0.5960 0.5610 0 䠄ᨺ∾୰䠅 0.7684 0.7295 0.6298 0.8291 0.6909 0.6219 0.4307 ⲡཎ㻭䠖᪉ᙧᯟ␒ྕ ⲡཎB䠖᪉ᙧᯟ␒ྕ ✀ ྡ 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 㧗ᒣᔞⲡ 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ⫗ᯝⲡ 0 0 3 3 0 3 4 4 4 3 䪹ᰕጤ㝠⳯ 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 䪸ⱴ 2 4 4 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 ⨺ⱴ 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 㯭〓ⱏⲡ 1 1 1 2 1 0 0 4 1 0 ⚻ྔⅬᆅᱵ 3 1 3 1 3 3 3 0 0 0 㧗ᒣ၈ᯇⲡ 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 ⵦබⱥ 2 2 4 0 1 1 1 3 0 4 ⅆ㔂ⲡ 1 0 0 0 2 3 3 3 3 4 ⏑ᯇ 2 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 1 2 ⸝ᔞⲡ 0 1 1 1 0 2 1 2 1 2 ᘛྔ⡿ཱྀ⿄ 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 ⰼᔞⲡ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 す⸝⢊ᣕ 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 3 3 㧗ᒣᡎ 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 3 4 4 †27ᖺ㛫ᨺ∾ࢆ⚗Ṇࡋࡓヨ㦂༊ෆࡢ✀ᵓᡂࡢ㐪࠸㸹‡27 ᖺ㛫࠾ࡼࡧ 22 ᖺ㛫ᨺ∾ࢆ⚗Ṇࡋࡓヨ㦂༊㛫ࡢ✀ᵓᡂࡢ㐪࠸
䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛯䚹䛯䛰䛧䚸␆䛿ᬮᏘ䛻䜒ᮧෆ䛾ⲡཎ䛾୍㒊䛷㣫⫱䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄࿘ᖺᨺ∾䠅䛛䜙䚸䛭 䛾䜘䛖䛺䛸䛣䜝䛾ㄪᰝ䜒⾜䛳䛯䚹2002 ᖺ䛻䛿䚸10 m 䛾䝷䜲䞁ୖ䛻䚸10 cm u 10 cm 䛾᪉ᙧᯟ䜢 100 ಶస䛳䛶䚸 ᯟ䛤䛸䛻ᆅ㝿䛷᳜≀䜢สྲྀ䛳䛶⿄䛻ワ䜑䚸ᐇ㦂ᐊ䛻ᣢ䛱ᖐ䛳䛶✀䛤䛸䛻ศู䛧䚸⇱ᶵ䛻䛛䛡䛯ᚋ䚸᳜ ≀✀䛤䛸䛻⇱㔜䜢 ᐃ䛧䛯䚹సᴗ䜢ጞ䜑䛶䛩䛠Ẽ䛜䛴䛔䛯䛣䛸䛿䚸✀ᩘ䛜䛸䛶䜒ከ䛔䛣䛸䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹ᰣ ᮌ┴す㑣㡲㔝⏫䛻ᡤᅾ䛩䜛㎰ᯘỈ⏘┬ᪧⲡᆅヨ㦂ሙ䛾⮬↛ⲡᆅ䛸ẚ䜉䜛䛸䚸✀ᩘ䛿ᩘಸ䛒䛳䛶䚸᳜≀ 䛾ศ㢮䛻ከ䛺ᡭ㛫䜢せ䛧䛯䚹䛭䛾䛯䜑䚸ṧᛕ䛺䛜䜙 100 ಶ䛾᪉ᙧᯟ䛾᳜≀䛾୍㒊䛿ᨺᲠ䛫䛦䜛䜢䛘䛺 䛛䛳䛯䚹ḟ䛾ኟ䚸2003 ᖺ䛻䛿䚸50 m 䛾䝷䜲䞁ୖ䛻 50 cm 䛚䛝䛻๓ᖺ䛸ྠᵝ䛾᪉ᙧᯟ䜢 100 ಶタ䛡䛶䚸ㄪ ᰝ䜢⾜䛳䛯䚹䛣䛣䛷ᚓ䜙䜜䛯✀ᩘ䛾䝕䞊䝍䜢ᅗ 8 䛻♧䛩䚹2007 ᖺ䛻䛣䛾⤖ᯝ䜢䛂ୡ⏺グ㘓䛃䛸᭩䛔䛶ᅜ㝿 ㄅ䛻ᢞ✏䛧䛯䜙䚸ㄽᩥ䛾ᑂᰝጤဨ䛛䜙䛄䛂ୡ⏺グ㘓䛃䛸䛔䛖ㄒ䜢䛿䛪䛩䜘䛖䛻䛅䛸ゝ䜟䜜䛶䛿䛪䛧䛶䛧䜎䛳䛯 䛾䛿䚸ᛮ䛖䛸㏉䛩㏉䛩䜒ṧᛕ䛷䛒䜛䚹 䜟䛯䛧䛿䚸2013 ᖺ䛻䜶䝇䝖䝙䜰䛷㛤䛛䜜䛯᳜⏕Ꮫ䛾ぢᏛ᪑⾜䛻ཧຍ䛧䛯䛸䛝䚸䝞䝇䛾ῧဨ䜢ົ䜑 䛯䝍䝹䝖Ꮫ䛾ඛ⏕䛜䚸䛂䜟䛯䛧䛯䛱䛿䚸䜶䝇䝖䝙䜰ᅜෆ䛷ୡ⏺୍✀ᩘ䛜ከ䛔ⲡཎ䜢ぢ䛴䛡䜎䛧䛯䛃䛸ఱᗘ 䜒ゝ䛳䛯䚹䜟䛯䛧䛯䛱䛿䛭䛾ⲡཎ䛾䛣䛸䛿䚸1991ᖺ䛻ฟ∧䛥䜜䛯䝍䝹䝖Ꮫ䛾䝌䞊䝧䝹ᩍᤵ䜙䛾ㄽᩥ䜢ㄞ 䜣䛷▱䛳䛶䛔䛯䛜䚸䛭䜜䛿 10 cm u 10 cm ᙜ䜚ᖹᆒ 17.7 ✀䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹䜟䛯䛧䛯䛱䛾ぢ䛴䛡䛯㟷ᾏ┬䛾ⲡ ཎ䛷䛿䚸19.69 ✀䛷䛒䛳䛯䛛䜙䚸ୡ⏺グ㘓䛿䜟䛯䛧䛯䛱䛾䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䛿☜ᐇ䛷䛒䜛䚹2015 ᖺ䛻ྠ䛨Ꮫ 䛜䝏䜵䝁䛾䝤䝹䝜䛷㛤䛛䜜䚸䜟䛯䛧䛿䛣䜜䛻䜒ཧຍ䛧䛯䚹䛭䛣䛷䛿䚸䝏䝖䝸ᩍᤵ䛜ぢᏛ᪑⾜䛷䚸䛂䝏䜵䝁 䛾䛣䛾ⲡཎ䛜ୡ⏺୍✀ᩘ䛜ከ䛔䛷䛩䜘䛃䛸䛚䛳䛧䜓䛳䛯䚹ᖐᅜᚋ䚸ྠᩍᤵ䛛䜙 email 䛷ᙼ➼䛾ㄽᩥ䛜㏦䜙 䜜䛶䛝䛯䚹ㄽᩥ䛻䛿䚸䛂0.01 m2䛾䛒䜛᪉ᙧᯟ䛷䛿᭱ 18䠄20?䠅✀䛜ぢ䛴䛛䛳䛶䛔䜛䛃䛸グ䛥䜜䛶䛔䛯䚹䜟 䛯䛧䛯䛱䛾ㄪᰝ䛾㔝ᖒ䜢ぢ䜛䛸䚸0.01 m2䛾䛒䜛᪉ᙧᯟ䛷䛿 30 ✀䛜グ㘓䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛾䛷䚸䛣䛣䛷䜒䚸䜟䛯䛧 䛯䛱䛾ඃ䛿ಖ䛯䜜䛯䚹 4.㻌 ⏕ែ⣔䛷✀ᩘ䛜䜒䛴ព䚸䜎䛸䜑䛻௦䛘䛶 ✀ᩘ䛾ከᑡ䛿䚸⏕ែᏛⓗ䛻䛹䛖䛔䛖ព䜢䜒䛳䛶䛔䜛䛾䛛䠛䛭䜜䛿䛔䜝䛔䜝㆟ㄽ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹䜂䛸䛴䛿䚸 ㈶ྰ୧ㄽ䛜䛒䜛䛜䚸⮬↛⎔ቃ䛻䛚䛔䛶✀䛾ከᵝᛶ䜢ಖ䛴䛣䛸䛜䚸⮬↛䛾ᔂቯ䜢㜵䛠䛾䛷䛿䛺䛔䛛䛸䛔䛖 ㆟ㄽ䛷䛒䜛䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸ᑡ䛺䛟䛸䜒䚸⮬↛⎔ቃ䛜ேⅭ䛛ఱ䛛䛾స⏝䛷ᔂቯ䛥䛫䜙䜜䛯䛸䛝䚸ᅇ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻ᢞ ධ䛷䛝䜛✀䛿㇏ᐩ䛺᪉䛜䛔䛔䚹 2000ᖺ䛤䜝䛛䜙ゝ䜟䜜䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䛜䚸䛂㧗䛔✀ᩘ䛿᳜≀䛾⏕⏘㔞䛜㧗䛔䛣䛸䛻䛴䛺䛜䜛䛃䛸䛔䛖ㄝ ᅗ 7㻌 a ᨺ∾⚗Ṇ 27 ᖺ㛫䛾ⲡᆅ䛸䛾ⲡᆅ䛾✀ᵓᡂ䛾㐪䛔䠖ᨺ∾⚗Ṇ䛾ᖺᩘ䛜㛗䛟䛺䛳䛶䛔䛟䛸䚸✀ᵓᡂ䛾㐪䛔䛜ᑠ䛥䛟䛺 䛳䛶䛔䛟䠄ᶓ㍈䜢 x䚸⦪㍈䜢 y 䛸䛩䜛䛸䚸ᅇᖐᘧ䛿 y = 0.7554 – 0.0106x䚸㻌 R2 = 0.992䠅䠗 b ᨺ∾⚗Ṇ䛧䛯䛴䛵䛟 2 ㄪᰝᮇ㛫䛾✀ᵓᡂ䛾ኚ䠖ᨺ∾⚗Ṇ 12–17 ᖺ㛫௨㝆ⲡᆅ䛾✀ᵓᡂ䛾㐪䛔䛿ᑠ䛥䛟Ᏻᐃ䛧䛯
䛜㆟ㄽ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹䜟䛯䛧䛯䛱䛿䛻䚸䛂✀ᩘ䛾㇏ᐩ䛥䜔✀ᵓᡂ䜢䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻 䜛䛛䛃䛸䛔䛖ၥ㢟䛻㛵ᚰ䜢 ᡶ䛳䛶◊✲䛧䛶䛝䛯䛡䜜䛹䜒䚸✀ᩘ䛾㇏ᐩ䛥䛿䚸ᐇ䛿⎔ቃ䛾Ᏻᐃᛶ䜔⏕⏘㔞䛾㇏䛛䛥䛸ᙉ䛟⤖䜃䛴䛔䛶 䛔䛶䚸᭷ព⩏䛺◊✲䝔䞊䝬䛷䛒䜛䛛䜙䚸䜒䛳䛸Ⓨᒎ䛥䛫䛺䛡䜜䜀䛺䜙䛺䛔䛸⪃䛘䛶䛔䜛䚹 ὀ 1䠖ศᩓ䛸䛿 ᅗ5a䛾Წ䜾䝷䝣䜢ᕥ䛛䜙ㄞ䜐䛸䚸✀ᩘ䛿9, 8, 6, …䛷䚸90␒┠䛿5䛷䛒䜛䚹䛣䛾ᅗ䛷䛿䚸ᖹᆒ✀ᩘ䛿6.28䛷䛒䜛䛛䜙䚸ྛ᪉ ᙧᯟ䛾✀ᩘ䛛䜙ᖹᆒ 6.28 䜢ᘬ䛔䛯್䛿䚸䛂ྛ᪉ᙧᯟ䛾✀ᩘ䛜ᖹᆒ䛛䜙䛹䜜䛟䜙䛔㞳䜜䛶䛔䜛䛛䛃䜢♧䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹䛧䛯䛜䛳䛶䚸 䛭䛾 2 ್ (䝕䞊䝍–ᖹᆒ)2䛾䜒䚸ᖹᆒ䛛䜙䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾䝕䞊䝍䛜䛹䜜䛟䜙䛔㞳䜜䛶䛔䜛䛛䜢♧䛩䜂䛸䛴䛾ᣦᶆ䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔 䜛䚹䛣䛾ᣦᶆ್䛿䝕䞊䝍ᩘ䛜ከ䛔䜋䛹䛝䛟䛺䛳䛶䛧䜎䛖䛛䜙䚸䝕䞊䝍ᩘ䛷䛳䛯್䛻䛧䛶䚸䛂ศᩓ䛃䛸䜣䛷䛔䜛䠄ᐇ㝿䛻䛿 ᩘ⌮⤫ィᏛ䛾⌮ㄽ䛛䜙䚸䝕䞊䝍ᩘ䜘䜚 1 ᑠ䛥䛔್䛷䜛䠅䚹䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻䛩䜛䛸䚸␗䛺䛳䛯䝕䞊䝍ᩘ䛾䜾䝹䞊䝥䛾㛫䛷䜒ศᩓ䛾 䛝䛥䜢ẚ㍑䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ྍ⬟䛻䛺䜛䚹ᅗ 5a 䛾ᩘ್䛛䜙䛿䚸✀ᩘ䛾ศᩓ䛿䠖[(9–6.28)2 + (8–6.28)2 + (6–6.28)2 + … + (5–6.28)2]/(90–1) = 2.46 ὀ 2䠖䝫䜰䝋䞁ศᕸ䛸䛿 ᩘᏛⓗ䛻䛿䛔䜝䛔䜝䛺ᑟ䛝᪉䛜䛒䜛䛜䚸䛣䛣䛷䛿䛷ㄝ᫂䛩䜛䠄ཝᐦ䛷䛿䛺䛔䛜䠅䚹䚸㐲䛟䛛䜙㣕䜣䛷䛟䜛䝇䜼ⰼ⢊䜢୍ ᐃ䛾▷㛫䠄䛘䜀 10 ⛊㛫䠅䚸䛝䛥୍ᐃ䛾ከᩘ䛾䝅䝱䞊䝺䛷ᤕᤊ䛧䛯䛸䛧䜘䛖䚹ⰼ⢊⩌䛻䛿䛔䛛䛺䜛⃰ῐ䜒䛺䛟䚸䝷䞁䝎䝮䛺 ⩌䜜䛸䛧䛶㣕᮶䛧䛶䛔䜛䛸⪃䛘䜛䚹䝅䝱䞊䝺ୖ䛻╔䛧䛶䛔䜛ⰼ⢊⢏ᩘ䜢㢧ᚤ㙾䛷ㄪ䜉䜛䛸䚸୍ᐃ㠃✚䠄䛘䜀 1 cm2䠅ᙜ䜚ⰼ ⢊⢏ᩘ䛾㢖ᗘศᕸ䛿䝫䜰䝋䞁ศᕸ䛻ᚑ䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻䚸䜊䛝䛻✵㛫ⓗ䛻䝷䞁䝎䝮䛻ศᕸ䛧䛯⢏Ꮚ䛾୍ᐃ㠃✚ᙜ䜚⢏ Ꮚᩘ䛜䝫䜰䝋䞁ศᕸ䛷䛒䜛䚹⥺※䛛䜙㞳䜜䛯ᡤ䛷 ᐃ䛧䛯ᨺᑕᛶ≀㉁䛾୍ᐃ㠃✚ᙜ䜚⢏Ꮚᩘ䛺䛹䜒䛣䜜䛻䛒䛯䜛䚹 ཧ⪃䛻䛧䛯᪤Ꮡ䛾ᩥ⊩
[1] Chen, J., Gáborík, G., Shiyomi, M. (2016) A probability distribution model of small -scale species richness in plant communities䚹 Ecological Informatics 33: 101-108. Doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2016.04.003
[2] Chen, J., Yamamura, Y., Hori, Y., Shiyomi, M., Yasuda, Y., Zhou, H.K., Li, Y. N., Tang, Y.H. (2008) Small-scale species richness and its spatial variation in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Ecological Research 23: 657–663.
Doi.10.1007/s11284-007-0423-7 0 5 10 15 20 㟷ᾏ┬ᾏ ᐮ ᐮ ࿘ ᐮ ࿘ 02ᖺ 03ᖺ ᙅ ᙅ ᙉ ᙉ 02ᖺ 03ᖺ 05ᖺ す㑣㡲㔝 ࣂ ࣐࢜ ࢫ /0.01 m 2 ᅗ 8㻌 㟷ᾏ┬ᾏヨ㦂ᆅ䛾䝲䜽䛸⥥⨺䛾ᨺ∾ⲡᆅ䠄ᕥ䛛䜙 5 䛴䠅䚸䛚䜘䜃ᰣᮌ┴す㑣㡲㔝⏫䛾ᪧⲡᆅヨ㦂 ሙ䛾∵䛾ᨺ∾⮬↛ⲡᆅ䠄ྑ䛛䜙 4 䛴䠅䛻䛚䛡䜛䛻䛚䛡䜛 0.01 m2᪉ᙧᯟᙜ䜚ᖹᆒ✀ᩘ䛾ẚ㍑䠗ᩘᏐ䛿ㄪ ᰝ䜢⾜䛳䛯すᬺᖺ䛾ୗ2 ᱆䠗ᐮ䛿ᐮᏘ䛰䛡ᨺ∾䜢⾜䛖ⲡᆅ䚸࿘䛿࿘ᖺᨺ∾䜢⾜䛳䛶䛔䜛ⲡᆅ䠗ᙅ䛿 5 ᭶䛛 䜙 10 ᭶䜎䛷∵䛾㍍䛔ᨺ∾䜢⾜䛳䛶䛔䜛ⲡᆅ䚸ᙉ䛿ྠᵝ䛻ᙉ䛔ᨺ∾䜢⾜䛳䛶䛔䜛ⲡᆅ
㻵㻙㻞㻌 ሯྂቡ䛾ቨ⏬Ⓨぢ䛸ಖᏑ㻌
♫䛸⏘ᴗ䝁䞊䝇㻌 㻌 ఫ㇂㻌 ග⏨㻌䛿䛨䜑䛻㻌
ዉⰋ┴䛾㧗ᯇሯྂቡ䛿䚸㻝㻥㻣㻞㻔 㻠㻣㻕ᖺ䠏᭶䛻Ⓨ᥀ㄪᰝ䛜⾜䜟䜜䚸จ⅊ᒾ䜢⤌䜏ྜ䜟䛫䛯ᶓཱྀᘧ ▼ᵥ䛛䜙᪥᭶䡡ᅄ⚄䞉ே≀ീ➼䛾ᙬⰍቨ⏬䛜Ⓨぢ䛥䜜䛶䛝䛺ヰ㢟䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹Ⲉᇛ┴䜂䛯䛱䛺䛛ᕷ䛾 ሯྂቡ䛿䚸䛭䜜䛛䜙䠍ᖺ༙ᚋ䛾⩣ᖺ䠔᭶䛻ᐇ䛥䜜䛯Ⓨ᥀ㄪᰝ䛻䜘䜚䚸ண䜒䛧䛶䛔䛺䛛䛳䛯ᙬⰍቨ⏬䛜 Ⓨぢ䛥䜜䛯䚹䛣䛾㧗ᯇሯྂቡ䛾ಖᏑ䛾䛯䜑䚸ᮍ㛤ཱྀ▼ᐊ䛾ಖᏑ⛉Ꮫㄪᰝ䛜䜟䛜ᅜ䛷ึ䜑䛶ሯྂቡ䛷 ᐇ⌧䛧䚸 ‵ᗘ䚸✵Ẽ⤌ᡂ䚸ᚤ⏕≀䛺䛹䛾⛉Ꮫⓗ䝕䞊䝍䛜 ᐃ䛥䜜䛯䚹䛣䜜䜙䛿㧗ᯇሯྂቡ䛾ಖᏑᑐ⟇ 䛻ྲྀ䜚ධ䜜䜙䜜䜛䛸䛸䜒䛻䚸⮬䜙䛜㣭ྂቡ䛸䛔䛖ሯྂቡ䛻䛸䛳䛶䜒䛭䛾ᚋ䛾ಖᏑᩚഛ䛻䛔䛻ά⏝䛥 䜜䛯䚹⚾䛜⣙ 㻠㻡 ᖺ๓䛾Ꮫ⏕䛾㡭䛻䚸䛣䛾Ⓨ᥀ㄪᰝ䛻ㄪᰝᅋ䛾୍ဨ䛸䛧䛶㛵䜟䛳䛯ᙜ䛾ㄪᰝ≧ἣ䜔ᡂ ᯝ㼇ሯ 㻞㻜㻝㻠䚸⏣ᕷྐ 㻝㻥㻣㻤㼉䚸ቨ⏬䛾ಖᏑ䛸බ㛤䛺䛹䛻䛴䛔䛶䚸䜶䝢䝋䞊䝗䜒䛘䛶⤂䛧䛯䛔䛸ᛮ䛖䚹㻌 ሯྂቡ䛾䜘䛖䛻㑇య䜢⣡䜑䜛▼ᐊ䛾ቨ㠃䜔▼➼䛻䚸ᙬⰍ䞉⥺้䞉ᾋ䛝᙮䜚䛻䜘䜚ᩥᵝ䜢ᥥ䛔䛶䛔䜛 䜒䛾䜢䛂㣭ྂቡ䛃㻔ቡୣ䜢ᣢ䛯䛺䛔ᶓ✰䜒ྵ䜐㻕䛸䜣䛷䛔䜛䛜 㻝㻕䚸㧗ᯇሯྂቡ䜔䜻䝖䝷ྂቡ䛿䚸䛭䛾ᩥ ᵝᵓᡂ䛜┤᥋୰ᅜ䛾ᙳ㡪䜢ཷ䛡䛶䛔䜛䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䛯䜑䚸䛣䜜䛸䛿༊ู䛧䛶䛂ቨ⏬ྂቡ䛃䛸䜣䛷䛔䜛䚹㻌㻝䠊 ሯྂቡ䛾⨨䛸ㄪᰝ䛾⤒㐣㻌
䠍㻚䠍㻌 ሯྂቡ䛾⨨䠄ᅗ䠍䚸┿䠍䠅㻌
䜂䛯䛱䛺䛛ᕷ䛿㑣⌃ᕝ䜢㝸䛶䛶┴㒔Ỉᡞᕷ䛸᥋䛧䚸ሯྂቡ䛿 䜂䛯䛱䛺䛛ᕷ㻔ᪧ⏣ᕷ㻕୰᰿Ꮠᣦ㻔䛥䛧䜆㻕䛻ᡤᅾ䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹ኴᖹὒ 䛛䜙⣙䠐䟜䛷䚸㧗㏿㐨㊰ᮾỈᡞ㐨㊰䜂䛯䛱䛺䛛 㻵㻯 䛾䛩䛠すഃ䛻 ⨨䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹㑣⌃ᕝ䛾ᨭὶ䛾୰ᕝ䛸ᮏ㒓ᕝ䛾ᾐ㣗䜢ཷ䛡䛶Ⓨ㐩 䛧䛯䚸ᮾ୰᰿ྎᆅ䛾ᶆ㧗⣙ 㻞㻜䡉䛾ྎᆅඛ➃㒊䛻❧ᆅ䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹㻌 ሯྂቡ⩌䛿䚸ሯྂቡ䜢ቡ䛸䛧䛶࿘䜚䛻䠐ᇶ䛾᪉ቡཪ䛿ቡ 䛜ศᕸ䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹➟㇂ྂቡ⩌䛿๓᪉ᚋቡ䠎ᇶ䚸ቡ䠔ᇶ䛜ṧ䛥䜜 䛶䛔䜛䚹௨๓䛿 㻝㻤 ᇶ௨ୖᏑᅾ䛧䚸ቡୣ䛛䜙ᇰ㍯∦䛜ฟᅵ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛛 䜙ሯྂቡ⩌䛻ඛ⾜䛩䜛䠒ୡ⣖ᚋ༙㡭䛾ᮇ䛷䛒䜛䚹༑㑻✰ᶓ ✰⩌䛿䚸ᣦ䞉㤋ฟ䞉➟㇂䛾䠏䛴䛾ᨭ⩌䛻ศ䛛䜜䛶ศᕸ䛧䚸᭱㏆ 䛾☜ㄆㄪᰝ䛻䜘䜚య䛷㻞㻣㻠ᇶ䛜☜ㄆ䛥䜜䚸ᮍ☜ㄆ䛾ᩘ䜢⟬ฟ䛩䜛 䛸⥲ᩘ 㻡㻜㻜 ᇶ䜢㉸䛘䜛ᮾ᪥ᮏ᭱⣭䛾ᶓ✰⩌䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛㻞䠅䚹㻌 ሯྂቡ䛻㞄᥋䛧䛶䚸㻝㻥㻥㻟㻔ᖹᡂ 㻡㻕ᖺ 㻝㻞 ᭶䛻ᕷᇙⶶᩥ㈈ㄪᰝ 䝉䞁䝍䞊䛜ᘓ䛶䜙䜜䚸ᪧ▼ჾ௦䛛䜙୰ୡ䜎䛷䛾⪃ྂ㈨ᩱ䜔ሯ ྂቡ▼ᐊ䛾ᐇ≀ᶍᆺ䜢ᒎ♧䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹㻌䠍㻚䠎㻌 Ⓨ᥀ㄪᰝ䛾⤒㐣㻌
ᅜ䛷㑇㊧䛾Ⓨ᥀ㄪᰝ䛜⾜䜟䜜䛶䛔䜛䛜䚸ㄪᰝ䛾ཎᅉ䛿䚸Ꮿᆅ㐀ᡂ䜔㐨㊰⠏㐀➼ྛ✀㛤Ⓨ䛻క䛖 ๓ㄪᰝ䛜䜋䛸䜣䛹䛷䛒䜛䚹䛭䛧䛶䚸ㄪᰝ⤊ᚋ䛿䛣䜜䜙䛾ᕤ䛜㐍䜑䜙䜜䛶䚸㑇㊧䛿◚ቯ䛥䜜䛶䛧䜎䛖䚹 ᭷ྡ䛺㟷᳃┴䛾୕ෆᒣ㑇㊧䛿┴Ⴀ㔝⌫ሙᘓタ䚸బ㈡┴䛾ྜྷ㔝䜿㔛㑇㊧䛿ᕤሙᅋᆅ㐀ᡂ䛻క䛖๓ ㄪᰝ䛷䛒䛳䛯䛜䚸ᴟ䜑䛶㔜せ䛺㑇ᵓ䞉㑇≀䛜Ⓨぢ䛥䜜䛯䛯䜑䚸እⓗ䛻㛤Ⓨィ⏬䛜᩿ᛕ䛥䜜䛶㑇㊧䛜ಖ Ꮡ䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䛳䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䚹㻌 㻔䠍㻕 ➨䠍ḟㄪᰝ䛸ቨ⏬Ⓨぢ䠄ᅗ䠎䚸┿䠎䡚䠒䠅㻌 ሯྂቡ䛾ሙྜ䛿䚸๓㏙䛾㛤Ⓨ䛻క䛖๓ㄪᰝ䛸䛿㐪䛳䛶䚸㻝㻥㻣㻜㻔 㻠㻡㻕ᖺ䛛䜙ᮏ᱁ⓗ䛻㛤ጞ䛥䜜䛯⏣ᕷྐ⦅䛥䜣ᴗ䛾୍⎔䛾Ꮫ⾡ㄪᰝ䛸䛧䛶ᐇ䛧䛯䚹Ⓨ᥀ㄪᰝ䛿 䠏䞃ᖺィ⏬䛷䚸➨䠍ḟㄪᰝ䛿䚸㻝㻥㻣㻟㻔 㻠㻤㻕ᖺ䠔᭶䠍㻢 ᪥䛛䜙䠕᭶䠎䠐᪥ 䛻䚸ෆ㒊య㻔ᇙⴿタ㻕䜢᫂䜙䛛䛻䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢┠ⓗ䛻ᐇ䛧䛯䚹㻌 ሯྂቡ䛾Ⓨ᥀ㄪᰝ⤌⧊䛿䚸᫂ᏛᩥᏛ㒊ᩍᤵ䛾ሯึ㔜ඛ ⏕䛜ᅋ㛗䚸ຓᩍᤵ䛾ᑠᯘ୕㑻ඛ⏕䛜ᅋ㛗䛸䛧䛶䚸᫂Ꮫ䞉Ⲉᇛ 䜻䝸䝇䝖ᩍᏛ䛾Ꮫ⏕䛺䛹䛻䜘䜚ㄪᰝᅋ䛜⤌⧊䛥䜜䛯㻔⚾䛿ᙜ᫂ Ꮫ䛾䠎ᖺ⏕㻕䚹㻌 ➨ 㻝 ḟㄪᰝ䛿䚸᭱ึ䛾䠐䚸䠑᪥䛿ቡୣ䛾ᶞᮌఆ᥇䜢⾜䛔䚸୪⾜䛧䛶ቡୣ 㔞 䜢㛤ጞ䛧䛯䚹 㔞⤊ᚋ䛾ቡୣ 㔞ᅗ䛛䜙ᚓ䛯ᡤぢ䛿䚸ቡୣ㛗 㻡㻞䡉䚸ᚋ 㒊ᚄ 㻞㻤䡉䚸๓᪉㒊ᖜ 㻞㻤㻚㻡䡉䚸ᚋ㒊㧗䛥 㻡㻚㻡䡉䚸๓᪉㒊㧗䛥䠑䡉䛾๓᪉ᚋቡ 䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹ቡୣ䛾㧗䛥䛜䜋䜌ྠ䛨䛷䚸๓᪉㒊䛜Ⓨ㐩䛧䛯ቡୣ䛾≉ᚩ䛛䜙䚸 ᆺⓗ䛺ᚋᮇྂቡ䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䛜ุ᫂䛧䛯䚹ᚋᮇྂቡ䛿䚸୍⯡ⓗ䛻ᚋ㒊䛾༡ഃ 䛻ᶓ✰ᘧ▼ᐊ䛜㛤ཱྀ䛩䜛䛸ᐃ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䚹㻌 㻌 ሯྂቡ䛾య㒊䜢᥈䛩䛯䜑䛾䝖䝺䞁䝏㻔ヨ᥀⁁㻕䛿䚸▼ᐊ䛜ᚋ㒊༡ഃ䛻 㛤ཱྀ䛩䜛䛸ᐃ䛧䛶䚸ྂቡ䛾ᮾす䛾㍈䛸ᚋ㒊୰ᚰⅬ䛸䛻┤⾜䛩 䜛➨䊠䝖䝺䞁䝏䚸㍈⥺䛻ἢ䛳䛶ᚋ㒊ᮾഃ䛻➨䊡䝖䝺䞁䝏䜢タᐃ 䛧䚸Ⓨ᥀ㄪᰝ䛿䠔᭶ 㻞㻞 ᪥䛛䜙㛤ጞ䛧䛯㻔ᅗ䠎㻕䚹┿䠏㻙䠍䛿➨䊡䝖䝺䞁 䝏䛾ㄪᰝ≧ἣ䛷䚸㉥ᅵ㻔䝻䠉䝮ᒙ㻕䛸㯮ᅵ䜢䛻∧⠏≧䛻✚䜣䛷䛚 䜚䚸ᙜ䛾ቡୣ⠏㐀䛾≧ἣ䛜䜟䛛䜛䚹➨䊠䝖䝺䞁䝏䛾ㄪᰝ䜢㛤ጞ䛧 䛶䠎᪥┠䛻䚸ቡୣ〈䛾㒊ศ䛷㌾㉁จ⅊ᒾ♟䛾୍㒊ศ䛜☜ㄆ䛥䜜 䛯䚹䛣䛾㏆䛾ㄪᰝ༊䜢ᣑᙇ䛧䛶㏣ồ䛧䛯䛸䛣䜝䚸ᶓ✰ᘧ▼ᐊ䛜ᚋ 㒊䛾༡ഃ䛻㛤ཱྀ䛩䜛⨨䛷Ⓨぢ䛥䜜䛯㻔┿䠏㻙䠎㻕䚹▼ᐊ㛢ሰ㒊䛾 ㄪᰝ䛜㐍䜑䜙䜜䚸㛢ሰ䛾䛯䜑㢌䛾จ⅊ᒾ䛜✚䜏ୖ䛢䜙䜜䛶䛔 䛯䚹▼ᐊ㛢ሰ㝖ཤ䛸ᡬ▼䛾㟢ฟ䛾⤒㐣䜢┿䛷♧䛩䛜䚸㛢ሰ㒊䛾 ୗ䛾᪉䛻䛿䛝䛺♟䛜✚䜣䛷䛒䛳䛯㻔┿䠐䚸䠑㻕䚹㻌 䛣䛣䛷ㄪᰝᅋ䛾ᐟ⯋䛻䛴䛔䛶䜅䜜䛯䛔䚹ᐟ⯋䛿䚸ᆅඖ䛾୰᰿ᑠ Ꮫᰯ䛾㞄䛾䛂୰᰿㤋䛃䛸䛔䛖㞟ᡤ䛷䚸⯙ྎ䛾䛒䜛ᯈ䛾㛫䛻䝂䝄䜢 ᩜ䛔䛶ᐷἩ䜎䜚䛧䛶䛔䛯㻔ዪᏊ䛿␚䛾䛒䜛㒊ᒇ㻕䚹Ꮫ⏕䛿ᐟ⯋䛛䜙⌧ ሙ䜎䛷䚸⣙㻝㻡 ศ䜢Ṍ䛔䛶㏻䛳䛶䛔䛯䚹ᐟ⯋䛷䛿䚸ኤ㣗ᚋẖ᪥䝭䞊䝔 䜱䞁䜾䜢⾜䛳䛶䛚䜚䚸䛔䜘䛔䜘▼ᐊ䜢㛤ཱྀ䛩䜛๓᪥䛾䝭䞊䝔䜱䞁䜾䛷 䛿䚸ᡬ▼䛾㝖ཤ䜔▼ᐊෆㄪᰝ䛾ẁྲྀ䜚䞉ᙺศᢸ䛺䛹䛻䛴䛔䛶⥥ ᐦ䛻⾜䜟䜜䛯䚹㕲〇ရ䛺䛹䛾ⴿရ䛜ከᩘฟᅵ䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢ᐃ䛧 䛶䚸Ꮧ᐀➉䜢䠎䛴䛻䛳䛶ย䜔䜢ධ䜜䜛ᐜჾ䚸⋢㢮䛺䛹⣽䛛䛔䜒 䛾䛜ฟᅵ䛧䛯ሙྜ䛻ഛ䛘䛶⣡⟽䛺䛹䜒ከᩘ⏝ព䛥䜜䛯䚹䛭䛾䜎 䛷䚸䜎䛥䛛▼ᐊ䛛䜙ቨ⏬䛜Ⓨぢ䛥䜜䜛䛸䛿䚸ㄪᰝᅋ䛾ㄡ୍ே䛸䛧䛶 ண䜒䛧䛶䛔䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹㻌 ண࿌㏻䜚䚸䠕᭶ 㻝㻞 ᪥༗๓ 㻝㻜 䚸ᡬ▼㝖ཤసᴗ䜢㛤ጞ䛧䛯䛜䚸ᡬ▼䛜䛝䛳䛱䜚䛸⋞㛛䛻⣡䜎䛳䛶䛔䛶ື 䛛䛺䛛䛳䛯䛯䜑䚸ᡬ▼䜢ᡭ๓䛻ᘬ䛝ಽ䛩䛣䛸䛻䛺䛳䛯䚹༗๓ 㻝㻝 䚸ከᩘ䛾ᕷẸ䜔ሗ㐨㝕䛜ぢᏲ䜛୰䛷䚸 㟼䛛䛻⋞㛛䜢㞳䜜䛯ᡬ▼䛾ዟ䛻㉥䛔ᙧ䛾ᅗᩥ䜢┠䛻䛧䚸䜎䛞䜜䜒䛺䛔ᙬⰍቨ⏬䛾Ⓨぢ䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹ᡃ 䛜ᅜ䛷၏୍䚸Ⓨ᥀ㄪᰝ䛻䜘䛳䛶ᮍ㛤ཱྀ▼ᐊ䛛䜙ቨ⏬䛜Ⓨぢ䛥䜜䛯▐㛫䛷䛒䛳䛯㻟㻕㻌㻔┿䠒㻕䚹㻌 ┿䠏㻙䠎㻌 ሯྂቡㄪᰝ㢼ᬒ㻔▼ᐊ㏆㻕 ࣺਇ ލ௫ݻกࠬ෫ܢ
㻔䠎㻕 ಖᏑ⛉Ꮫㄪᰝ䛾ᐇ㻌 ዉⰋ┴㧗ᯇሯྂቡ䛷ᙬⰍቨ⏬䛜Ⓨぢ䛥䜜䛶䛝䛺㡪䜢 䜣䛰䛜䚸䛩䛷䛻୰ୡ䛻┐᥀䛥䜜䛶䛔䛶ቨ⏬䛾ಖᏑ≧ែ䛿 Ⰻ䛟䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹㧗ᯇሯྂቡ䛾ಖᏑ䛾䛯䜑䛻䛿䚸༓ᩘⓒᖺ㛫䛹 䛾䜘䛖䛺⎔ቃ᮲௳䛻䛒䛳䛯䛾䛛䛾䝕䞊䝍䛜ᚲせ䛰䛳䛯䛜䚸ᙜ 䛭䛾䜘䛖䛺䛣䛸䜢ㄪ䜉䛯䛜䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹䛭䛣䛷䚸ᮾிᅜ❧ᩥ ㈈◊✲ᡤ䛛䜙䛾౫㢗䛻䜘䜚ሯྂቡ䛷ㄪᰝ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䜚䚸 䠔᭶ 㻟㻝 ᪥䛻ᮾிᅜ❧ᩥ㈈◊✲ᡤಖᏑ⛉Ꮫ㒊䛾ᑓ㛛ᢏᐁ䛻䜘 䜚䚸ᡃ䛜ᅜ䛷ึ䜑䛶ᮍ㛤ཱྀ▼ᐊ㻔⋞㛛䛻ᡬ▼䛜䛒䛳䛯䛯䜑䚸⋞ᐊ ෆ䛷䛿䛺䛟⩎㐨㒊䛾✵Ẽ䜢᥇ྲྀ㻕䛾 ‵ᗘ䞉✵Ẽ⤌ᡂ䞉ᚤ⏕≀䛺䛹 䛾ಖᏑ⛉Ꮫㄪᰝ䛜ᐇ䛥䜜䛯䚹ᙜ᪥䛾ㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ䛿䚸 ᗘ䛿እẼ 䛜 㻟㻞 ᗘ䛾䛻 㻝㻡 ᗘ䚸‵ᗘ䛿እẼ㻢㻡䠂䛾㻥㻞䠂䚸Ⅳ㓟䜺䝇⃰ᗘ 䛿እẼ䛾 㻡㻜 ಸ䛸䛔䛖㧗⃰ᗘ䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹㻌 㻔䠏㻕 ➨䠎䞉䠏ḟㄪᰝ㻌 ➨㻞 ḟㄪᰝ䛿䚸⩣ᖺ䠔᭶䠍᪥䛛䜙䠔᭶ 㻟㻜 ᪥䛻ᐇ䛧䛯䚹䛟䜃䜜㒊䛾➨䊣䝖䝺䞁䝏ෆ䛻Ⓨぢ䛥䜜䛯จ⅊ᒾ ⩌䛾ᛶ᱁䜢᫂䜙䛛䛻䛩䜛䛣䛸䜔䚸ቡୣつᶍ➼䛾☜ㄆ䜢┠ⓗ䛻ቡୣ〈㒊ྛᡤ䜔࿘ᇼ䛾ㄪᰝ䜢ᐇ䛧䛯䚹จ ⅊ᒾ䛾♟⩌䛿䚸♟䛰䛡䛷䛿䛺䛟◚○䛥䜜䛯▼䛜ከ䛟䚸ᩘ䞃ᡤ䛻䜎䛸䜎䛳䛶ฟᅵ䛧䛯䚹䛣䛾㞟▼㑇ᵓ䛿䚸ᶓ ✰ᘧ▼ᐊᵓ⠏䛾సᴗሙ䛸䛩䜛ぢ᪉䚸䛒䜛䛔䛿ᶓ✰ᘧ▼ᐊᵓ⠏䛻㝿䛧䛶䛾䚸ᆅ㙠⚍ⓗ䛺ྂቡ⚍♭䛾ሙᡤ 䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹㻌 ➨䠏ḟㄪᰝ䛿䚸㻝㻥㻣㻢㻔 㻡㻝㻕ᖺ䠔᭶䠍᪥䛛䜙䠔᭶ 㻞㻡 ᪥䛻ᐇ䛧䛯䚹ቡୣ༡ഃ䛾࿘ᇼᙧែ䜔๓᪉㒊す 㝮䛾㝣ᶫ≧㑇ᵓᏑྰ䜢☜ㄆ䛩䜛䛾䛜┠ⓗ䛷䛒䜛䚹ㄪᰝ䛾⤖ᯝ䚸ቡୣ༡ഃ䛾࿘ᇼ䛿ቡୣ䛻ἢ䛳䛯ᙧ䛷䜔 䜔䛟䜃䜜䛯ᙧ䛷䚸๓᪉㒊す㝮䛻䛿㝣ᶫ䛜Ꮡᅾ䛧䛶䛔䛯䠄ᅗ䠏䠅䚹㻌
䠎䠊ሯྂቡ䛾つᶍ䛸ᵓ㐀㻌
䠎㻚䠍㻌 ቡୣ䛾ᙧែ䛸つᶍ䠄ᅗ䠏䠅㻌
䠏ᅇ䛻䜟䛯䜛Ⓨ᥀ㄪᰝ䛷䛿䚸㍈⥺ୖཬ䜃ᚋ㒊䞉๓᪉㒊䞉䛟䜃 䜜㒊䞉๓᪉㒊㝮䛻 㻝㻡 ᮏ䛾䝖䝺䞁䝏䜢タᐃ䛧䛶ㄪᰝ䜢ᐇ䛧䛯䚹ㄪᰝ ⤊ᚋ䛾ᡤぢ䛛䜙䚸ሯྂቡ䛾⠏㐀䛾つᶍ䜢ඖ䛩䜛䛸䚸㛗 㻡㻢㻚㻡䡉䚸ᚋ㒊ᚄ㻌 㻟㻞㻚㻡䡉䚸๓᪉㒊ᖜ㻌 㻟㻤㻚㻡䡉䛷䚸࿘ᇼᗏ㠃䛛䜙䛾ቡ ୣ䛾㧗䛥䛿䚸ᚋ㒊㧗䛥㻌 㻣㻚㻡䡉䚸๓᪉㒊㧗䛥 㻣㻚㻞䡉䛾ィ ್䜢ᚓ䛯䚹㻌 ࿘ᇼ䛿䝻䞊䝮ᒙ䜢ษ᩿䛧䛶㐀䜙䜜䛶䛚䜚䚸࿘ᇼ䛿ቡୣഃ䛷䛿䜋 䜌୍┤⥺䛷䚸┪ᙧ࿘ᇼ䛾≧ἣ䜢♧䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹䛣䜜䛻ᑐ䛧䚸༡ഃ䛾࿘ᇼ 䛿䚸䛟䜃䜜㒊㏆䛷ቡୣᙧែ䛻ἢ䛳䛯ᙧ䛷☜ㄆ䛥䜜䛯䚹ᮏྂቡ䛾࿘ᇼ 䛿䚸㏻ᖖ䛾๓᪉ᚋቡ䛻䜏䜙䜜䜛ᕥྑᑐ⛠䛾ᙧ䛷䛿䛺䛟䚸ᴟ䜑䛶㢮 䛾ᑡ䛺䛔䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䛸ุ᫂䛧䛯䚹㻌䠎㻚䠎㻌 ▼ᐊ䛾つᶍ䛸ᵓ㐀䠄ᅗ䠐䞉䠑䞉䠒䠅㻌
ሯྂቡ䛾ෆ㒊య䛿䚸୧⿇ᆺ⋞㛛䛾ᶓ✰ᘧ▼ᐊ䛷䛒䜛䚹▼ᐊ䛿 ᚋ㒊୰ᚰ䛛䜙䚸༡䛻⣙ 㻠䡉䛾⨨䛻ዟቨ䜢⨨䛔䛶䛔䜛䚹▼ᐊ୰㍈⥺䛿 㻝㻡 ᗘᮾ䜢♧䛧䚸㛤ཱྀ䛿༡༡す䛾᪉ゅ䛻䛺䜛䚹ቡୣ❧㠃ᅗ䛛䜙ぢ䜛䛸䚸 ⋞ᐊኳ▼䛿ᚋ㒊ቡ㡬㒊䜘䜚 㻠㻚㻢䡉ୗ䛻䛒䜚䚸⋞ᐊᗋ㠃䛿ቡ㡬㒊䜘䜚 ⣙ 㻢㻚㻝䡉䜒ୗ䛻䛒䜛䠄ᅗ䠐䠅䚹䛣䛾䛣䛸䛛䜙䚸▼ᐊ䛿ᙜ䛾ᆅᒣ䜢᥀䜚ୗ䛢䛶䚸ᵓ⠏䛥䜜䛯䛣䛸䜢♧䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹㻌㻌 㻌 ▼ᐊ䛾ᡭ๓䛻䛿㛗䛥⣙ 㻠䡉䚸ୗ➃ᖜ 㻜㻚㻤䡉䛾㐨䛜࿘ᇼ䜎䛷⥆䛔 䛶䛚䜚䚸ᗏ㠃䛻䛿จ⅊ᒾ䛾ᩜ▼䛜ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䜛䚹㐨䛿ᆅᒣ䜢᥀䜚䛣䜣 䛷タ䛡䜙䜜䚸ୖ⦕㒊ᖜ䛿䚸⩎㐨ᐤ䜚䛷䛿 㻝㻚㻡䡉䚸࿘ᇼඛ➃㒊䛷䛿 㻝䠊㻥 䡉䛷䛒䜛䚹㻌 ▼ᐊ䛿䚸⋞ᐊ䞉⋞㛛㒊䞉⩎㐨㒊䛛䜙ᵓᡂ䛥䜜䚸⋞ᐊ䛿䚸ዟቨ䠍ᯛ䚸ᮾ ቨ䠍ᯛ䚸すቨ䠎ᯛ䚸ኳ▼䠏ᯛ䚸ᗋ▼䠓ᯛ䛾จ⅊ᒾ䛾ᯈ▼䜢⤌䜏ྜ䜟 䛫䛶㐀䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹⋞ᐊ䛾つᶍ䛿䚸㛗䛥䠏䡉䚸ዟቨᖜ 㻝㻚㻡䡉䚸୰ኸ㒊㧗 䛥 㻝㻚㻠䡉䜢 䜛䚹ዟቨ▼䛿᪉ᙧ䛾ษ▼䛷䛿䛺䛟䚸ྎᙧ≧䛾▼ᮦ䜢⏝ 䛔䚸ᮾすഃቨ䛻᥋䛩䜛䛩䛝㛫䛻䛿୕ゅ㗹≧䛾ワ䜑▼䛜⨨䛛䜜䛶䛔 䜛䚹ワ䜑▼㒊䜔ⱝᖸ䛾䛩䛝㛫䛻䛿䚸ⓑⰍ⢓ᅵ䛜┠㈞䜚䛸䛧䛶ワ䜑㎸䜎 䜜䛶䛔䛯䚹ዟቨ䜔୧ഃቨ䛿䚸ෆഃ䛻䜔䜔ഴᩳ䛧䛶❧䛶䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹 ᗋ㠃䛿䜋䜌Ỉᖹ䛷䚸ኳ▼䛿ዟቨ䛛䜙⋞㛛䛻䛛䛡䛶⣙ 㻞㻜 ᗘഴᩳ䛧 䛶䛔䛯䚹ᗋ㠃䛻䛿㑇㧁䠍య䛜ᶓ䛯䜟䜚䚸䠍䡚䠎䟛䛾ཌ䛥䛷᭷ᶵ㉁ᅵ䛜ሁ✚ 䛧䚸᳜≀䛾᰿䛜ᗋ㠃䛻ᗈ䛜䛳䛶䛔䛯䚹䠄ᅗ䠒䚸┿䠒䠅䚹㻌 ⋞㛛㒊䛿䚸ᰕ▼䛸ᰕ▼ୖ䛾ᴎ▼㻔䜎䛠䛥䛔䛧㻕䚸ᰕ▼㛫䛻⨨䛛䜜䛯㛫ษ▼䛷 ᵓᡂ䛥䜜䚸⋞ᐊ䛸⩎㐨䜢༊ศ䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹ᰕ▼䛾⩎㐨ഃ䛻䠍ᯛ䛾ᯈ▼䛜❧䛶䛛 䛡䜙䜜䛶䚸⋞ᐊ䜢㛢ሰ䛧䛶䛔䛯䚹䛣䛾㛢ሰ▼䛜Ᏻᐃ䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖䛻ᰕ▼䛸ᴎ▼ 䛾ෆഃ䛻῝䛥䠑䡚䠒䟛䚸ᖜ 㻝㻜 䟛䛾ᯙ㻔䜋䛮㻕䛜✸䛳䛶䛒䛳䛯䚹ᯙ㠃䛻䛿㗬ṑ≧ 䛾㐃⥆୕ゅᩥ䛜ᥥ䛛䜜䛶䛔䛯䚹㛢ሰ䛾ᯈ▼䛿䚸㧗䛥 㻝㻚㻞䡉䚸ୖᖜ 㻜㻚㻥䡉䚸ୗ ᖜ 㻝㻚㻞䡉䚸ཌ䛥䛿ୖ➃ 㻝㻝 䟛䚸ୗ➃ 㻞㻜 䟛䛾ྎᙧ≧䜢࿊䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹㻌 ⩎㐨䛿࿘ᇼ䜘䜚⥆䛟㐨䛾ᘏ㛗ୖ䛻⨨䛧䚸㛗䛥䛿ᮾቨഃ䛷 㻝㻚㻟䡉䚸ᖜ䛿 ୰ኸ䛷 㻝㻚㻞䡉䚸㧗䛥 㻝㻚㻡䡉䜢 䜛䚹୧ഃ䛸䜒䠏ẁ✚䜏䛷⠏䛛䜜䚸ኳ▼䛿䠍ᯛ 䛾䜏䛷䛒䜛䛯䜑䚸⩎㐨㒊య䜢そ䛳䛶䛿䛔䛺䛔䚹ኳ▼䛾୰ኸ㒊䛻䛿䚸ୖ 䛛䜙䛾ᅽຊ䛻䜘䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛ட䛜ධ䛳䛶䛔䛯䚹㻌
䠏䠊ሯྂቡ䛾ฟᅵ㑇≀㻌
䠏㻚䠍㻌 ▼ᐊෆ䛾㑇≀䠄ᅗ䠒䚸┿䠓䠅㻌
㻌 ሯྂቡ䛾ฟᅵ㑇≀䛿䚸▼ᐊෆⴿရ䛸ቡୣෆ㒊䛛䜙䛾ฟᅵ ရ䛻ู䛷䛝䜛䚹▼ᐊෆⴿရ䛿䚸ᙜึண䛧䛶䛔䛯䜒䛾䛸 ኚ␗䛺䜚䚸ഹ䛛䛺㕲〇ရ䛾䜏䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸ቡୣෆ㒊䛛䜙 䛿䚸▼ᐊ㛢ሰ▼୰䚸▼ᐊ๓ᗞ㒊䚸࿘ᇼ㒊䚸ቡୣ㒊➼ከ䛟䛾㑇≀ 䛜䜏䜙䜜䛯䚹ቡୣྛᡤ䜔㞟▼㑇ᵓ䛛䜙䛿䚸ᅵᖌჾ䞉㡲ᜨჾ∦䛜 ฟᅵ䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹㻌 ▼ᐊᗋ㠃୰ኸ䛻䛿䚸ഃ㢌䛾ே㦵䠍య䛜䛒䜚䚸㢌㦵䞉⬨㧊 㦵䞉㦵┙䞉⭣㦵䛺䛹䛾୍㒊ศ䛜☜ㄆ䛥䜜䛯䛻㐣䛞䛺䛔䚹⫘㦵 䜔䛾ᨭ㦵䛿䜋䛸䜣䛹⭉ᮙ䛧䚸ே䛾ᙧ䛾⠊ᅖ䛻㦵⢊䛾ศᕸ䛜ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䜛䛰䛡䛷䛒䜛䚹ᮾிᏛே㢮Ꮫᩍ ᐊᇰཎ㑻ᩍᤵ䛻䜘䜜䜀䚸㌟㛗 㻝㻢㻜 䟛䛾䛛䛺䜚㡹䛺ᡂே䛾⏨ᛶ䛷䛒䜛䛸䛾ྠᐃ⤖ᯝ䜢ᚓ䛯䚹㻌 㻌 䛣䛾㑇㧁䛾⭡㒊䛻ి⏝䛧䛯≧ែ䛷䚸ᑠย䠍ཱྀ䛜ษ䜚ඛ䜢༡䛻ྥ䛡䛶ῧ䛘䛶䛒䛳䛯䚹㛗 㻟㻤 䟛䛾㯮⁽ ሬ䜚䛾㖟䛷䚸㢌䛿ᮌ㉁䛾㐀䜚ฟ䛧䛷䚸㢌䛻㖟〇⣣㏻䛧⎔䛜䛡䜙䜜䚸㠧㒊ศ䛻ย䜢ྞ䜛䛩䛔㖟〇 䛾ྞ㔠ල䛜䛔䛶䛔䜛䚹㑇㧁䛾⭜㒊ᮾഃ䛻㟷㖡〇㈐㔠ල䜢╔䛧䛯ยᏊ㻔ᑠย㻕䛸ẟᢤᙧ㕲〇ရ䛜ῧ䛘 䛶䛒䛳䛯䚹ยᏊ䛿⌧Ꮡ㛗 㻝㻟㻚㻣 䟛䚸ẟᢤᙧ㕲〇ရ䛿㛗 㻥㻚㻡 䟛䛷䚸ย䜢ᖏ䜃䜛㝿䛻⏝䛔䜛ල䛷䛿䛺䛔䛛⪃䛘䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹䛭䛾ᮾഃ䛾ቨ䛞䜟䛻㕲㙨䠍ᮏ䛜䚸ษ䜚ඛ䜢ዟቨ䛻ྥ䛡䛶Ⓨぢ䛥䜜䛯䚹䛣䛾䛻ዟቨ ▼䛸ᗋ▼䛸䛻ᣳ䜎䜜䛶䚸䜔䜚䛜䜣䛺䠍ᮏ䛜Ⓨぢ䛥䜜䛯䚹⋞ᐊ䛾ධ䜚ཱྀ䛻㏆䛔㒊ศ䛻䚸୕ゅᙧ䞉㛗᪉ᙧ䛾㏱ 䛛䛧䜢ᣢ䛴㕲∦䛜᳨ฟ䛥䜜䛯䚹▼ᐊ䛛䜙䛿䛣䛾䠒Ⅼ䛜ฟᅵ䛧䛯䛾䜏䛷䚸ሯྂቡ䛾ⴿရ䛸䛧䛶䛿䚸㉁䞉 㔞䛸䜒䛻㈋┦䛷䛒䜛䚹㻌
䠏㻚䠎㻌 ▼ᐊ๓ᗞ㒊䛾㑇≀䛸㏣ⴿ䠄┿䠓䞉䠔䠅㻌
▼ᐊ๓ᗞ㒊䛾㑇≀䛿䚸࿘ᇼ䛾⦆ᩳ㠃䛻䛒䛳䛯ᮾす䛾䠎䛴䛾♟⩌ 䛛䜙ฟᅵ䛧䛯䜒䛾䛸䚸▼ᐊ㐨୧ഃ䛾ቡୣᇶᗏ㠃ୖ䛻ᩓᕸ䛧䛶䛔䛯 ᅵᖌჾ∦䛸䛜Ꮡᅾ䛧䛶䛔䛯䚹㻌 ᮾഃ♟⩌䛿ᶞᮌ䛾᰿䛻䜘䜛᧠䜢ཷ䛡䛶䛚䜚䚸♟⩌ୗཬ䜃䛭䛾 ࿘㎶䛻ᩓ䛧䛯≧ែ䛷ከ䛟䛾㕲〇ရ䛜᳨ฟ䛥䜜䛯䚹㑇≀䛿䚸㕲㔲䠎 ಶయศ䞉㕲〇⎔䠎ಶ䞉㕲㔥䠎ᮏ䞉➟㗩≧㕲ჾ䠎ಶ䞉㕲㙨䛜㻞㻟Ⅼ௨ୖ㻔 䛻ⱼ㒊➼䛾᩿∦ 㻝㻠 Ⅼ㻕ฟᅵ䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹すഃ♟⩌ୗ䛾䜋䜌୰ኸ㒊䛛䜙䚸㕲㖝 㻝 ཱྀ䛜᳨ฟ䛥䜜䛯䚹㕲㖝䛿ษ 䜚ඛ䜢୍㒊Ḟ䛟䛜䚸㻝㻣㻚㻢 䟛䜢 䜛䚹ቡୣ䛻䛿ᇰ㍯䜔ⵌ▼䛿ぢ䜙䜜䛺䛔䚹㻌 䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺ฟᅵ≧ἣ䜢䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻⪃䛘䜛䛛䚹䛣䜜䜙䛾㕲〇ရ䛿䚸ᮏ᮶▼ᐊෆ䛻䛒䛳䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜚䚸᭱ึ䛾 ᇙⴿ䛻ⴿ䛥䜜䛯䜒䛾䛜䠎ᅇ┠䛾ᇙⴿ䛻ᥙ䛝ฟ䛥䜜䛶䚸จ⅊ᒾ䛾㛢ሰ♟䛸୍⥴䛻ᤞ䛶䜙䜜䛯䜒䛾䛸 ᥎ᐃ䛷䛝䜛䛾䛷䛿䛺䛔䛛䚹䛴䜎䜚䚸ሯྂቡ䛿㏣ⴿ䛜⾜䜟䜜䚸䠎ᅇᇙⴿ䛜⾜䜟䜜䛯䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹ᖺ ௦䛿䚸ሯྂቡ䛾⠏㐀䛜䠓ୡ⣖ึ㢌䚸䠎ᅇ┠䛾ᇙⴿ䛜๓ⴥ䛛䜙୰ ⴥ㡭䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹㻌䠐䠊ሯྂቡ䛾ቨ⏬㻌
ሯྂቡ䛾ቨ⏬䛿䚸ᶓ✰ᘧ▼ᐊ䛾⋞㛛䞉ዟቨ䞉ᮾす୧ቨ䛻ᗄ ఱᏛᩥᵝ䛸ྛ✀䛾ჾ≀䜢ᥥ䛔䛯ල㇟ⓗ䛺ᩥᵝ䛸䛜ᥥ䛛䜜䛶䛔䛯 䠄ᅗ䠓䠅䚹ᩥᵝ䛿䚸▼ᮦ䛾จ⅊ᒾ䛾ୖ䛻ⓑⰍ⢓ᅵ䜢ୗሬ䜚䛧䚸䝧䞁 䜺䝷㻔㓟➨䠎㕲㻕䜢㢦ᩱ䛸䛧䛶Ⰽ㩭䜔䛛䛻ᩥᵝ䛜ᥥ䛛䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹㻌䠐㻚䠍㻌 ⋞㛛䛾ቨ⏬➼䠄┿䠕䠅㻌
⋞㛛䛾㛢ሰ▼䛜❧䛶䛡䛶䛒䛳䛯ᴎ▼㻔䜎䛠䛥䛔䛧㻕䛸㛛ᰕ▼䛾ෆ ഃ䛻䛿䚸ᖜ䠔䟛䜋䛹䛾ᯙ≧䛾ẁᕪ䛜᙮䜚㎸䜎䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹䛣䛾ẁᕪ 䛾ୖ䛸ᕥྑ䛾䠏㠃䛻䚸㐃⥆୕ゅᩥ䛜ᩥ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹୕ゅᩥ䛿䝣 䝸䞊䝝䞁䝗䛷ᥥ䛛䜜䚸ᴎ▼㒊䛿ᖜ 㻝㻚㻞䡚㻝㻚㻣 䟛䛾ኴ䛔⥺䛷䚸㛛ᰕ ▼䛿 㻜㻚㻢䡚㻝㻚㻜 䟛䛾⣽䛔⥺䛷ᥥ䛛䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹⋞㛛ෆഃ䛾ᴎ▼䛸㛫 ษ▼䛻䛿䚸㠃䛻㉥Ⰽ䛾ᙬⰍ䛜ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䜛䛜䚸㛛ᰕ▼䛻䛿ㄆ 䜑䜙䜜䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹䜎䛯䚸ኳཬ䜃ᗋ㠃䛻䛿䚸㠃䛻䝧䞁䜺䝷䛜䛛 䛺䜚Ⰽ⃰䛟ሬᕸ䛥䜜䛶䛔䛯䚹㻌 వㄯ䛻䛺䜛䛜䚸ᅗ䠓䛿ቨ⏬ᐇ ᅗ䛷䛣䛾ᐇ ཎᅗ䛾సᡂ䛾䛯䜑䚸Ꮫ⏕ 䛜䝯䝆䝱䞊䛷 䜛⪅䛸ᅗ㠃䛻グ㘓䛩䜛⪅䛜䠎ே䝨䜰䛻䛺䛳䛶䚸⊃䛔▼ᐊ ෆ䛷ᐇ సᴗ䜢⾜䛳䛯䚹▼ᐊෆ䛻 㻞㻜 䝽䝑䝖䛾⺯ගⅉ䛜䠍ᮏධ䜜䛶䛒䜚䚸 㻟㻜 ศㄪᰝ䛩䜛䛸 ᗘ䛜䠏ᗘୖ䛜䜛䛾䛷䚸⺯ගⅉ䜢ᾘ䛧䛶Ⓨ◙䝇䝏䝻 䞊䝹䛷ධ䜚ཱྀ䜢ሰ䛔䛷▼ᐊእ䛷ᚅ䛱䚸 ᗘ䛜ୗ䛜䛳䛶䛛䜙㛤䛧䛯䚹㻌 ⚾䛜ᢸᙜ䛧䛯䛾䛿ዟቨ䛷䚸୍⥴䛻సᴗ䛧䛯䛾䛿䚸䠍ᖺඛ㍮䛾ᮏ⏣ගᏊ 䛥䜣䛷䛧䛯䚹ᮏ⏣䛥䜣䛿ሯྂቡ䛾ㄪᰝ䛜䛝䛳䛛䛡䛷䚸ྂቡ䛾㢦ᩱ䞉䝧 䞁䜺䝷➼䛾◊✲䜢㐍䜑䚸䛭䛾ᚋᏛ䜔ᕞᅜ❧༤≀㤋䛻䛚䜑䛻䛺䜚䚸䠑䚸䠒ᖺ๓䛛䜙ᨺ㏦Ꮫ䛾ᐈဨᩍᤵ䛸䛧䛶䛂༤≀㤋㈨ᩱಖᏑㄽ㻔㻓㻝㻞㻕䛃䜢ᢸᙜ䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹㻌
䠐㻚䠎㻌 ዟቨ䛾ቨ⏬䠄ᅗ䠓䚸┿䠍䠌䠅㻌
ዟቨ䛿ୗᗏᖜ㻝㻚㻡䡉䚸ୖ➃ᖜ㻝㻚㻝䡉䚸㧗䛥 㻝㻚㻡䡉䛾ྎ ᙧ䛷䚸す㝮㒊䛿୍㒊ⴠ䛧䚸ୗ䛾᪉⣙ 㻟㻡 䟛䛾ᩥ ᵝ䛿ⴠ䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹䛣䛾ᶓ⥺䛜ᪧ⾲ᅵ䛸ቡୣ┒ᅵ䛾 ቃ䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䚸䛣䜜䜙䛾ᆅᒙ䛾Ỉศ䛾ྵ᭷㔞䛾ᕪ䛷䚸 จ⅊ᒾ䛻ᾐ㏱䛧䛯Ỉศ䛾ᙳ㡪䛻䜘䜚䚸䛣䛾䝷䜲䞁䛛䜙 ୗ䛾㢦ᩱ䛜ⴠ䛧䛶䛧䜎䛳䛯䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹ᙧ䛾୕ ゅᩥ䠔ಶ䛜䚸㐃⥆䛧䛶䛔䛯䛸᥎ᐃ䛥䜜䜛䚹䛭䛾ୖ䛻ᆶ ┤䛻ᥥ䛛䜜䛯 㻝㻡 ᮏ䛾Წ≧䛾ᵕ䛛㖝䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛ᅗ ᩥ䛜䛒䜛䚹䛭䛾ྑ䛻▮䜢ධ䜜䛶⫼୰䛻⫼㈇䛖㠋㻔䜖䛞㻕䛜ᑠ䠎ಶ䛒 䜚䚸䛭䛾ྑୖ䛻ᖗᏊ䛾䜘䛖䛺ᙧ䛾䜒䛾䛜䛒䜚䚸ᘪ䜢ᑕ䜛ᡭ䜢ಖㆤ䛩 䜛䛯䜑䛾㜵ල䛷䛒䜛㠞㻔䛸䜒㻕䛜䠎ಶୖୗ㏫䛻ᥥ䛔䛶䛒䜛䚹㻌 ྑ➃䛻䛿䚸ย䠏ᮏ䛜ᩳ䜑䛻ᥥ䛔䛶䛒䜚䚸ᮾ䛾㨣㛛䛾⨨ 䛻䚸ย䜢❧䛶䛛䛡䛯䜘䛖䛺≧ែ䜢⾲䛧䛶䛔䜛䛸᥎ᐃ䛥䜜䜛䚹ዟቨ 䛾୰ኸ㒊䛻䛿䚸䠎ಶ䛾䝗䞊䝘䝒≧䛾⎔≧ᩥ䛜ᥥ䛔䛶䛒䜚䚸ᕥഃ䛜 㻟㻠㻚㻠 䟛䚸ྑ䛜 㻟㻞 䟛䛷䛒䜛䚹䝁䞁䝟䝇≧ჾල䛷ᑠ䛾䜢ᥥ䛝䚸ᖜ 㻝㻜 䟛䛾ᙧᖏෆ䛻㓟㕲䜢ሬᕸ䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹ᕥഃ䛾ᙬⰍ䛿ᬯ〓Ⰽ 䛷䚸ྑ䛿㉥Ⰽ䛻㏆䛔䚹䛣䛾⎔≧ᩥ䛿ዟቨ୰ኸ㒊䛻⨨䛧䚸ዟቨ䛾 ቨ⏬䛾୰䛷䜒䛳䛸䜒㔜せ䛺䚸㇟ᚩⓗ䛺ព䜢ᣢ䛳䛶䛔䛯䜒䛾䛸⪃䛘 䜙䜜䜛䚹ኴ㝧䛸᭶䛒䜛䛔䛿㙾ཪ䛿⺬䛾┠䛺䛹䛾⪃䛘᪉䛜䛒䜛䚹㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䛭䛾ୖ䛾ୖୗ୕ゅᩥ䛿䜘䛟䜟䛛䛳䛶䛔䛺䛔䚹ዟቨ䛾ୖ➃䛻䛿䠎 ẁ䛾㐃⥆୕ゅᩥ䛜䛒䜛䚹㐃⥆୕ゅᩥ䛿䚸୧ഃ䛾ᮾቨ䞉すቨ䛻䜒ᥥ 䛔䛶䛒䜚䚸䛧䜑⦖䛜ᙇ䜚䜑䛠䜙䛥䜜䛯≧ែ䛸᥎ᐃ䛧䛶䛔䜛᪉䜒䛔䜛䚹㻌䠐㻚䠏㻌 ᮾቨ䛾ቨ⏬䠄ᅗ䠓䚸┿䠍䠍䞉䠍䠏䠅㻌
ྑഃ䛾ᮾቨ䛾ୖ➃䛻䛿䚸㐃⥆୕ゅᩥ䛜ᥥ䛔䛶䛒䜛䚹ዟቨ㏆䛟䛻 㐃⥆୕ゅᩥ䛛䜙ྞ䜚ୗ䛢䛯ᙧ䛾ᑠᩥ䛜䛒䜚䚸䛭䛾䛩䛠ୗ䛻ⷘᡭ ≧䛾㢌 ᩥ䛜䛒䜛䚹㢌 ᩥ䛾ྑୗ᪉䛾୰ኸ㒊䛻䛿䚸Ỉᖹ䛺ᯈ ≧䛾ᶓ⥺䛾ୖ䛻୰䛜䛟䜃䜜䛯㠋䛜䠎ಶ䛸༙≧䛾ᴙ䛸ᛮ䜟䜜䜛 ᅗᩥ䠏ಶ䛜୪䜣䛷䛔䜛䚹㻌 ᮾቨ䛾ྑ➃ഃ䛻䚸䜔䜔䛽䛨䜜䛯㛗᪉ᙧ䜢࿊䛩䜛᱆ᙧᅗᩥ䛜 ᥥ䛔䛶䛒䜛䛜䚸䜢䜏䛺䛔≉␗䛺ᩥᵝ䛷䛒䜛䚹䛣䛾ୗ䛻䚸ᑠᙧ䛾 ᅗᩥ䛜䠔ಶᥥ䛔䛶䛒䜛䚹᱆ᙧᅗᩥ䛾ୗ䛾䠎ಶ୍ᑐ䛾㛗㠐ᙧ䛾ᅗᩥ䛿䚸㤿䛻䜎䛯䛜䜛䛻㊊䜢ධ䜜䜛㚞 㻔䛒䜆䜏㻕䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹㚞ᙧᅗᩥ䛾ୗ䛻䠎ಶ䠍ᑐ䛾พᏐᙧᅗᩥ䛜ᥥ䛛䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹พᏐᙧ䛾ୖ䛻䛂ኵ䛃Ꮠ ᙧ䛾ᅗᩥ䜢㍕䛫䛶䛒䜚䚸㤿ල䛷䛿䛺䛔䛛䛸䜒⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䛜᫂䛷䛒䜛䚹䛣䛾ᕥഃ䛻䛥䛧䜀ᙧᅗᩥ䚸䛭䛾ᕥ 䛻㧗 㻞㻡 䟛䛾㢕⋢䛸䜏䜙䜜䜛ᅗᩥ䛜ᥥ䛛䜜䚸୍␒ᕥഃ䛻᭷่Წ≧ᅗᩥ䛜ᥥ䛛䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹㻌䠐㻚䠐㻌 すቨ䛾ቨ⏬䠄ᅗ䠓䚸┿䠍䠎䠅㻌
ᕥഃ䛾すቨ䛾ୖ➃䛻䛿䚸ᮾቨ䛸ᑐᛂ䛩䜛ᙧ䛷㐃⥆୕ゅᩥ䛜ᥥ䛔䛶䛒䜛䚹䛭䛾ୗ䛻䠕ಶ䛾ᩥ䛜୪ิ䛧 䛶䛚䜚䚸䛣䜜䜙䛿㙾䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹ዟ䛾䠐ಶ䛿┤ᚄ 㻝㻡 䟛䚸ᡭ๓䛾䠑ಶ䛿┤ᚄ 㻝㻠㻚㻡 䟛䛷䚸䝁䞁䝟䝇䛷 䜢ᥥ䛔䛶䛛䜙ሬᙬ䛧䛶䛒䜛䚹䛭䛾ୗ୰ኸ㒊䛻᭶䛾䜘䛖䛺༙ᙧ䛾ᅗᩥ䛜䛒䜚䚸⯚䛸᥎ᐃ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹すቨ䛾ධ䜚ཱྀ䜢ධ䛳䛶䛩䛠䛾⨨䛻䚸ᮾቨ䛸ྠ䛨ᅗ䛾䠎ಶ䠍ᑐ䛾พᏐᙧᅗᩥ䛸㚞ᙧᅗᩥ䛜ᥥ䛔䛶䛒䜛䚹㻌
䠑䠊ሯྂቡ䛾ಖᏑ䛸බ㛤㻌
䠑㻚䠍㻌 බ㛤ಖᏑタ䛾タ⨨䠄ᅗ䠔䞉䠕䠅㻌
㻝㻥㻣㻟 ᖺ䠍䠍᭶䛻䚸ಖᏑ⛉Ꮫ䞉⪃ྂᏛ䞉ᘓ⠏ᕤᏛ䛺䛹䛾Ꮫ㆑⤒㦂⪅ 䛛䜙䛺䜛䛂ሯྂቡಖᏑᑐ⟇㆟䛃䛜タ⨨䛥䜜䚸ሯྂቡ䛾ಖᏑ䛻 䛴䛔䛶᳨ウ䛜㐍䜑䜙䜜䛯䚹ቨ⏬Ⓨぢ䛛䜙䠐䛛᭶ᚋ䛾 㻝㻥㻣㻠 ᖺ䠍᭶ 㻞㻟 ᪥䛻䚸ᅜ䛾ྐ㊧ᣦᐃ䜢ཷ䛡䛯䚹㻝㻥㻣㻣㻔 㻡㻞㻕ᖺ䠎᭶䛾ಖᏑᑐ⟇ ㆟䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸ಖᏑ䛩䜛䛰䛡䛷䛿䛺䛟බ㛤䜢๓ᥦ䛸䛩䜛ᇶᮏ᪉㔪䛜 Ỵᐃ䛥䜜䛯䚹ᅜྐ㊧ᣦᐃᆅ䛿⚾᭷ᆅ䛷䛒䜚䚸㻝㻥㻣㻣 ᖺᗘ䜎䛷䛻ᣦᐃᆅ䜢 ㉎ධ䛧䛯䚹㻝㻥㻣㻥㻔 㻡㻠㻕ᖺ䠎᭶䛻䛿䚸බ㛤ಖᏑタタ⨨ᇶᮏᵓ䛜⟇ ᐃ䛥䜜䛶䚸䛭䛾ᚋタィᴗົጤク䚸ᩚഛᕤ䛜ᕤ䛥䜜䚸㻝㻥㻤㻜㻔㻡㻡㻕ᖺ 㻝㻜 ᭶䛻䚸ቨ⏬Ⓨぢ௨᮶䠓ᖺ䛻ர䜛ㄪᰝ◊✲䛾ᮎ䛻බ㛤ಖᏑタ䛜ᡂ 䛧䛯㼇⏣ᕷᩍጤ 㻝㻥㻤㻝㼉䚹୍⯡බ㛤䛿䚸㻝㻥㻤㻜 ᖺ 㻝㻜 ᭶䛻ึ䜑䛶䠐᪥㛫ᐇ 䛥䜜䛯䚹䛥䜙䛻䚸ಖᏑᑐ⟇㆟䜢ᨵ⤌䛧䚸ሯྂቡ䛾ಖᏑᑐ⟇䛸ᚋ䛾 ಖᏑ䛾⤒㐣Ⅼ᳨ཬ䜃༑㑻✰ᶓ✰⩌䜢ྵ䜑䛯⎔ቃᩚഛ➼䜢᳨ウ䛩 䜛䛯䜑䚸㻌 ಖᏑ⛉Ꮫ䞉ᘓ⠏ᕤᏛ䞉⪃ྂᏛ➼䛾ᑓ㛛ᐙ䛛䜙䛺䜛ሯྂቡ➼ ಖᏑᑐ⟇ጤဨ㻔⌧ྐ㊧ಖᏑᑐ⟇ጤဨ㻕䛜 㻝㻥㻤㻝㻔 㻡㻢㻕ᖺ䠐᭶タ⨨䛥䜜䛯䚹㻌 ᣦᐃᆅෆ䛿ᩓ⟇䛜䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖䛻බᅬ䛸䛧䛶ᩚഛ䛥䜜䚸▼ᐊ➼䛾 ᗘ䞉‵ᗘ䛿ᖖ ᐃ䛥䜜䚸⟶⌮Ჷ䛷グ 㘓䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹୍⯡බ㛤䛿䚸▼ᐊෆ⎔ቃ䛸እẼ⎔ቃ䛸䛜䛒䜎䜚ᕪ䛜䛺䛔Ꮨ⠇䛷䛒䜛㻔䠏᭶ᮎ䡚䠐᭶ୖ᪪㻕 䛸⛅㻔㻝㻝 ᭶ୖ᪪㻕䛾ᖺ䠎ᅇ㻔ྛ䠔᪥㛫㻕ᐇ䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹୍⯡බ㛤䛿䚸ẖᖺබ㛤๓ᚋ䛻ྐ㊧ಖᏑᑐ⟇ጤဨ ጤဨ䛻䜘䜛Ⅼ᳨䞉ㄪᰝ䜢ᐇ䛧䚸≧ែ䜢☜ㄆ䛧䛶䛛䜙බ㛤䜢ᐇ䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹㻌䠑㻚䠎㻌 ሯྂቡቨ⏬䛾⌧≧㻌
ሯྂቡ䛾ቨ⏬Ⓨぢ௨᮶䚸䛒䛸ᩘᖺ䛷༙ୡ⣖䜢ྥ䛛䛘䜛䚹ቨ⏬䛾ಖᏑ≧ἣ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䚸㏆ᖺຎ䛾 ೃ䛜䜏䜙䜜䜛䛯䜑䚸ᙜᕷྐ㊧ಖᏑᑐ⟇ጤဨጤဨ㛗䛷䛒䜛▮ᓥᅞ㞝᫂Ꮫᩍᤵ䜢௦⾲⪅䛸䛧䛶䚸 ᪥ᮏᏛ⾡⯆⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝⿵ຓ㔠䛻䜘䜛ሯྂቡ䛾ಖᏑ⛉Ꮫⓗ◊✲䛜䛺䛥䜜䚸䛭䛾◊✲ᡂᯝ䛜ሗ࿌䛥 䜜䛶䛔䜛㼇▮ᓥ䜋䛛㻞㻜㻝㻠㼉䚹ᡂᯝሗ࿌᭩䛻䜘䜛䛸䚸䛂ሯྂቡቨ⏬䛾ຎ⌧㇟䛻Ẽ䛜䛔䛯䛾䛿㻝㻥㻥㻜ᖺ௦ ᮎ䛷䛒䜛䚹ᖺ䛾Ⅼ᳨䛾ᢡ䚸ᮾഃቨ䛾㠋䛾㢦ᩱ䛜จ㞟䛧䛶䚸య䛻Ⰽ䛜ⷧ䛟ぢ䛘䜛䛣䛸䛻Ẽ䛜䛔䛯 䛾䛷䛒䜛䚹䛣䛾⌧㇟⮬య䛿Ⓨ᥀ㄪᰝ䛻ዟቨᕥഃ⎔≧ᩥ䛻ぢ䜙䜜䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䛳䛯䛜䚸䛭䛾⠊ᅖ䛜ᣑ䛧 䛶䛔䜛ᠱᛕ䛜䛒䜚䚸㻞㻜㻝㻝㻔ᖹᡂ 㻞㻟㻕ᖺᗘ䛛䜙䠏䞃ᖺ䛾⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝䛻䜘䜛ㄪᰝ䜢ᐇ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䛳䛯䚹ቨ⏬ 㠃䛾ᐃⅬほᐹ㻔䝕䝆䝍䝹┿ᙳ䞉㻰㻹㻿 䛻䜘䜛ᣑ┿ᙳ㻕䜔ཎᅉゎ᫂䛾䛯䜑ᐇ㦂㻔ቨ⏬䜢ᛅᐇ䛻ᶍ䛧 䛯ᐇ㦂䝃䞁䝥䝹䜢సᡂ䛧䚸䛝䛺 ‵ᗘኚ䜢᪩䛔䝃䜲䜽䝹䛷⧞䜚㏉䛩䛣䛸䛷䚸ᐇ㦂䝃䞁䝥䝹䛻ཬ䜌䛩 ᙳ㡪䛸ኚ䛻䛴䛔䛶᳨ド䛩䜛䛯䜑䛾ᐇ㦂㻕䜢⥅⥆ᐇ䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹䛣䛖䛧䛯⌧㇟䛾ཎᅉ䛸䛧䛶⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䛣䛸 䛿䚸ቨ⏬㠃䛾ᒁᡤⓗ䛺Ỉ䛾䜅䜛䜎䛔䛻䛒䜛䛾䛷䛿䛺䛔䛛⪃䛘䛶䛔䜛䛜䚸䛭䛾ලయⓗ䛺䝯䜹䝙䝈䝮➼䛿 䛟᫂䛸ゝ䜟䛦䜛䜢ᚓ䛺䛔㻔せ⣙ᢤ⢋㻕䚹䛃䛸䛾䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䚹䠍᪥䜒᪩䛔ゎ᫂䛸ಖᏑᑐ⟇䛜ᚅ䛯䜜䜛䚹㻌䛚䜟䜚䛻㻌
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ሯྂቡ䛾Ⓨ᥀ㄪᰝᙜ䛾≧ἣ䜔ᡂᯝ䛺䛹䛻䛴䛔䛶㏙䜉䛶䛝䛯䛜䚸᭱ᚋ䛻ሯྂቡ䛾≉ᚩ䜢䜎䛸䜑 䜛䛸ḟ䛾䜘䛖䛻䛺䜛䚹䐟ᅜ䛾ᩘ䛒䜛㣭ྂቡ䛾୰䛷䚸Ꮫ⾡ㄪᰝ䛷䛒䜛Ⓨ᥀ㄪᰝ䛻䜘䛳䛶ᮍ㛤ཱྀ▼ᐊ䛛䜙 ቨ⏬䛜Ⓨぢ䛥䜜䛯᪥ᮏ䛷၏୍䛾ྂቡ䚸䐠㣭ᶓ✰䛜ὶ䜢༨䜑䜛ᮾ᪥ᮏ䛷䚸๓᪉ᚋቡ䛾ᶓ✰ᘧ▼ ᐊ䛻ᙬⰍቨ⏬䜢ᣢ䛴ྂቡ䛷䛿ᮾ᪥ᮏ䛷᭱ึ䛾Ⓨぢ䛷䛒䜚䚸ᅜⓗ䛻䜒⚟ᒸ┴⋤ሯྂቡ䛺䛹༑ᩘ䛧䛛 Ⓨぢ䛥䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔ᴟ䜑䛶㈗㔜䛺ྂቡ䚸䐡ྂቡ䛾ᮍ㛤ཱྀ▼ᐊෆ䛾ಖᏑ⛉Ꮫⓗㄪᰝ䛜䜟䛜ᅜ䛷ึ䜑䛶ᐇ䛥䜜䚸ᚋ䛾ྂቡ◊✲ୖ䛾㔜せ䛺⛉Ꮫⓗ䝕䞊䝍䜢ᥦ౪䛧䛯ྂቡ䚸䐢㞄᥋䛧䛶⠏䛛䜜䛶䛔䜛ᮾ᪥ᮏ᭱ ⣭䛾ᶓ✰⩌䛷䛒䜛༑㑻✰ᶓ✰⩌䛸䛾㛵㐃䛺䛹䚸ไ䛾ኚ㑄䜔ྂ௦ྐ䜢⪃䛘䜛ୖ䛷㔜せ䛺ྂቡ㻌
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ሯྂቡ௨እ䛾ᅜ䛻Ꮡᅾ䛩䜛⣙ 㻢㻣㻜 ᇶ䛾㣭ྂቡ䛿䚸Ụᡞ௦௨๓䛻䛩䛷䛻㛤ཱྀ䛧䛶䛔䛯䜒䛾䜒 䛒䜚䚸ᅵᮌᕤ䜔㎰సᴗ䛺䛹䛾ᇙⶶᩥ㈈ㄪᰝ௨እ䛾അ↛䛾ᶵ䛻Ⓨぢ䞉☜ㄆ䛥䜜䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䚹㏫䛻 ゝ䛘䜀䚸ᮏ᱁ⓗ䛺ㄪᰝ䛻䜘䛳䛶ቨ⏬䛜☜ㄆ䛥䜜䛯ሯྂቡ䛿䚸ఱ䛸ᜨ䜎䜜䛯ྂቡ䛷䛒䜛䛛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛜䛔 䛘䜛䚹䜎䛯䚸๓㏙䛾䜘䛖䛻⪃ྂᏛ䛰䛡䛷䛿䛺䛟䚸ቨ⏬Ⓨぢ๓䞉Ⓨぢ௨ᚋ䜒ಖᏑ⛉Ꮫ䛺䛹䛾Ꮫ㝿ⓗ䛺ಖᏑ䛸 බ㛤䛻䛴䛔䛶ᡭཌ䛔ㄪᰝ◊✲䛜㐍䜑䜙䜜䛶䛝䛯䛣䛸䜒⏬ᮇⓗ䛺䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䚹㻌㻌
䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺⁛ከ䛻䛺䛔ᶵ䛻❧䛱䛖䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛯䛣䛸䛿䚸⚾䛻䛸䛳䛶ᴟ䜑䛶㈗㔜䛺య㦂䛷䛒䜚䚸䛭䛾ᚋ䚸 ⏣ᕷ㻔䜂䛯䛱䛺䛛ᕷ㻕ᩍ⫱ጤဨ䛾ᩥ㈈ᢸᙜ⪅䛸䛧䛶䚸ሯྂቡ䛾ಖᏑ䛸බ㛤䛻ᦠ䜟䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛯 䛣䛸䛿ᖾ䛫䛺䛣䛸䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹䜎䛷ṧ䛥䜜䛶䛝䛯ሯྂቡ䛺䛹䛾ᩥ㈈䛿䚸䜅䜛䛥䛸䛾ᩥ䛸Ṕྐ䜢≀ㄒ䜛 ㈗㔜䛺ᩥ㑇⏘䛷䛒䜚䚸ಖᏑ䛸㐺ษ䛺ά⏝䜢ᅗ䜚䚸ᏊᏞ䜈ఏ䛘䛶䛔䛛䛺䛡䜜䜀䛺䜙䛺䛔䛸⪃䛘䛶䛔䜛䚹㻌 㻌 䛆ㅰ㎡䛇㻌 ᮏ✏䛿䚸㻞㻜㻝㻣 ᖺ 㻝㻞 ᭶ 㻝㻜 ᪥䛻Ⲉᇛ┴❧ᅗ᭩㤋䛻䛚䛔䛶㛤ദ䛥䜜䛯䚸ᨺ㏦ᏛⲈᇛᏛ⩦䝉䞁䝍 䞊䛾➨䠔ᅇᩍဨ䞉Ꮫ⏕ㅮ₇䛾ሗ࿌䜢⣬ᩘ䛻ྜ䜟䛫䛶ᵓᡂ䛧䚸ຍ➹䞉ಟṇ䛧䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䚹ㅮ₇ሗ࿌ ཬ䜃ᮏ✏సᡂ䛻䛒䛯䛳䛶䚸䜂䛯䛱䛺䛛ᕷᩍ⫱ጤဨᩥ㈈ᐊཬ䜃ྠᕷᇙⶶᩥ㈈ㄪᰝ䝉䞁䝍䞊䛛䜙 ┿⏬ീ䞉ᅗ㠃➼䛾㈨ᩱ䛾ᥦ౪䛷ኚ䛚ୡヰ䛻䛺䜚䜎䛧䛯䚹䛣䛣䛻グ䛧䛶䚸ᚰ䜘䜚ឤㅰ⏦䛧ୖ䛢䜛䚹㻌 䛆ト䛇㻌 㻌 㻝㻕㻌 㣭ྂቡ䛿ᅜ䛷⣙㻢㻣㻜 ᇶ䛜☜ㄆ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛜䚸䛭䛾ෆ䛾⣙㻢 䛜ᕞ䛻ศᕸ䛧䚸ᕞ䛾ḟ䛻ከ䛔䛾䛿䚸Ⲉᇛ┴䞉⚟ᓥ┴䞉ᐑᇛ┴䛷䚸≉ 䛻ᙬⰍ䛾䜒䛾䛿㫽ྲྀ┴䛾 㻝 ௨እ䛿䚸ᕞ䛸Ⲉᇛ䞉⚟ᓥ䞉ᐑᇛ┴䛾䜏䛻ศᕸ䛩䜛䚹ᮾ᪥ᮏ䛷ቡୣ䜢┒ᅵ䛧䛯㧗ሯ䛾㣭ྂቡ䛿Ⲉᇛ┴䛾 䜏䛻Ꮡᅾ䛧䚸⚟ᓥ┴䜔ᐑᇛ┴䛾䜒䛾䛿䛩䜉䛶ᶓ✰䛷䛒䜛䠷䜂䛯䛱䛺䛛ᕷබ♫㻞㻜㻝㻜 䜋䛛䠹䚹㻌 㻞㻕㻌 䠓ୡ⣖๓ⴥ䛛䜙䠕ୡ⣖๓ⴥ䛻⠏㐀䛥䜜䛯༑㑻✰ᶓ✰⩌䛿䚸㻞㻜㻜㻤㻔ᖹᡂ 㻞㻜㻕ᖺᗘ 䛛䜙 㻞㻜㻝㻠㻔ᖹᡂ 㻞㻢㻕ᖺᗘ䜎䛷☜ㄆㄪᰝ䛜ᐇ䛥䜜䛯䚹㤋ฟᨭ⩌䊠༊➨ 㻟㻡 ྕ䛿ᮍ 㛤ཱྀ䛷䚸㻞㻜㻝㻞㻔ᖹᡂ 㻞㻠㻕ᖺ䛻Ⓨ᥀ㄪᰝ䛜ᐇ䛥䜜䚸ย䞉ยᏊ䞉ே㦵䜔ከᩘ䛾㡲ᜨ ჾ䛺䛹䛜᳨ฟ䛥䜜䛯䚹㛗 㻡㻞 䟛䛾ย䛿ⷘᡭย䛷䚸ยᏊ䛿䠑ཱྀฟᅵ䛧 㻝 ཱྀ䛿㛗 㻞㻡 䟛䛷䚸㔠㖡〇䛾㔠ල䜢ഛ䛘䛯㠀ᖖ䛻⳹䛺ยᏊ䛷䛒䜛㻔┿ 㻝㻠㻕䚹䛣䛾ยᏊ䛾ฟ ᅵ䛿䛺䛟䚸ṇ㝔ᚚ≀䛻㢮䛜ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䜛㼇䜂䛯䛱䛺䛛ᕷබ♫㻞㻜㻝㻢㼉䚹㻌 㻟㻕㻌 ሯྂቡ䛾ቨ⏬䛜Ⓨぢ䛥䜜䛶䛛䜙䠍㐌㛫ᚋ䛾䠕᭶ 㻝㻥 ᪥䛻䛿䚸⏣ᕷෆ䛾ᑠᏛ⏕㻔䠑䞉䠒ᖺ⏕㻕䛸୰Ꮫ⏕ཬ䜃ᕷẸ䜈䛾Ⓨ᥀ㄪᰝ୰䛾⥭ᛴ䛾 ୍⯡බ㛤䛜ᐇ䛥䜜䚸㻝 㻞 ༓ே䜒䛾᪉䚻䛜ぢᏛ䛻ゼ䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹㻌 せཧ⪃ᩥ⊩㻌 ሯึ㔜㻌 㻞㻜㻝㻠㻌 䛄㣭ྂቡ䛾ୡ⏺䜢䛥䛠䜛䛅⚈ఏ♫㻌 㻌 䈜䛣䛾ሯඛ⏕䛾ⴭస䛿ከᩘ䛒䜚㻌 ⏣ᕷᩍ⫱ጤဨ㻌 㻝㻥㻤㻝㻌 䛄ྐ㊧ሯྂቡಖᏑᩚഛሗ࿌᭩䛅㻌 ྠᕷᩍ⫱ጤဨ㻌 ⏣ᕷྐ⦅䛥䜣ጤဨ㻌 㻝㻥㻣㻟㻌 䛄⏣ᕷሯቨ⏬ྂቡ㻌 ➨୍ḟⓎ᥀ㄪᰝᴫせ䛅㻌 ྠᕷྐ⦅䛥䜣ጤဨ㻌 ⏣ᕷྐ⦅䛥䜣ጤဨ㻌 㻝㻥㻣㻤㻌 䛄⏣ᕷྐ㻌 ู⦅䊠㻌 ሯቨ⏬ྂቡ䛅㻌 ⏣ᕷ㻌 㻌 㬞ᚿ⏣⠜㻌 㻞㻜㻜㻡㻌 䛄ሯྂቡ䛅㻌 ྠᡂ♫㻌 䚸ᕝᓮ⣧ᚨ㻌 㻝㻥㻤㻞㻌 䛄Ⲉᇛ䛾㣭ྂቡ䛅㻌 ᪂㢼ᅵグ♫㻌 㻌 ᅜ❧ṔྐẸ༤≀㤋㻌 㻝㻥㻥㻟㻌 䛄㣭ྂቡ䛾ୡ⏺䛅㻌 ᮅ᪥᪂⪺♫㻌 ᅜ❧ṔྐẸ༤≀㤋㻌 㻝㻥㻥㻡㻌 䛄㣭ྂቡ䛜ㄒ䜛䜒䛾㻌 ྂ௦᪥ᮏே䛾ᚰ㇟㢼ᬒ䛅㻌 ྠ༤≀㤋㻌 ᅜ❧ṔྐẸ༤≀㤋㻌 㻝㻥㻥㻥㻌 䛄ᅜ❧ṔྐẸ༤≀㤋◊✲ሗ࿌➨㻤㻜 㞟㻌 㣭ྂቡ䛾ㅖၥ㢟䛅㻌 ྠ༤≀㤋㻌 㻔㈈㻕䜂䛯䛱䛺䛛ᕷ⏕ά䞉ᩥ䞉䝇䝫䞊䝒බ♫㻌 㻞㻜㻝㻜㻌 䛄㣭ྂቡ䛾ୡ⏺㻌 බ㛤ㅮᗙ䛂䜂䛯䛱䛺䛛ᕷ䛾⪃ྂᏛ䛃➨㻞 ᅇ䛅㻌 ྠබ♫㻌 㻔㈈㻕䜂䛯䛱䛺䛛ᕷ⏕ά䞉ᩥ䞉䝇䝫䞊䝒බ♫㻌 㻞㻜㻝㻢㻌 䛄༑㑻✰ᶓ✰⩌㻌 ᮾ᪥ᮏ᭱⣭䛾ᶓ✰⩌䛾ㄪᰝ䛅㻌 ྠᕷᩍ⫱ጤဨ㻌 ▮ᓥᅧ㞝⦅㻌 㻞㻜㻝㻠㻌 䛄ሯྂቡ䛾ಖᏑ⛉Ꮫⓗ◊✲㻌 ᪥ᮏᏛ⾡⯆⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝⿵ຓ㔠◊✲ᡂᯝሗ࿌᭩䛅㻌 ᫂Ꮫ㻌 㻌
