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(1)

照応表現第二言語習得研究 : 中国語・日本語・英 語を中心に

著者 ? 勇

雑誌名 静岡大学教育研究

巻 17

ページ 1‑17

発行年 2021‑03‑18

出版者 静岡大学大学教育センター

URL http://doi.org/10.14945/00028083

(2)

↷ᛂ⾲⌧➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓ◊✲

㸫୰ᅜㄒ࣭᪥ᮏㄒ࣭ⱥㄒࢆ୰ᚰ࡟㸫

⩪ ຬ 㸦㟼ᒸ኱Ꮫ ኱Ꮫᩍ⫱ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸧

せ⣙㸸ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓ࡛ࡶᬑ㐢ᩥἲ

(Universal Grammar)

ࡀാ࠸࡚ゝㄒ⩦ᚓࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ

ࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡍࡿࠋࡓࡔ㸪⩦ᚓࡍࡿ▱㆑㡯┠ࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸

ሙྜ㸪ᬑ㐢ᩥἲࡣാ࠿ࡎ࡟୍⯡ⓗ࡞ၥ㢟ゎỴ⬟ຊ ࡢࡳࡀാࡃࠋ⩦ᚓࡍࡿ▱㆑㡯┠ࡀ᫆ࡋ࠸ሙྜ㸪ᬑ 㐢ᩥἲࡣ㉳ືࡋ㸪➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓ࡛ࡣẕㄒ⩦ᚓ࡜ྠ

ࡌ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒࡛㸪࿘ࡾ࠿ࡽࡢ࢖ࣥࣉࢵࢺࢆศᯒࡋ㸪

▱㆑㡯┠ࡢ≉ᛶࢆ㌟࡟ࡘࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࠋᬑ㐢ᩥἲࡀస

ືࡋ㸪࠿ࡘẕㄒ࡜ྠࡌ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ▱㆑㡯┠

ࢆᏛ⩦ࡍࡿሙྜ㸪ẕㄒࡢᙳ㡪࡛Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡢ➨஧ゝㄒ

⩦ᚓ࡟ಁ㐍ࡍࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᬑ㐢ᩥἲࡀసືࡋ࡞࠸

ሙྜ㸪ẕㄒ࡜ྠࡌ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ▱㆑㡯┠࠿

࡝࠺࠿↓㛵ಀ࡟㸪Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡀ୍⯡ⓗㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡛➨஧

ゝㄒࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࠋ

࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸸 ↷ᛂ⾲⌧㸪➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓ㸪ᬑ㐢ᩥἲ㸪 ẕㄒᙳ㡪

1.

ࡣࡌࡵ࡟

Chomsky (1981)

ࡀ᮰⦡ཎ⌮ (Binding Theory) ࢆ ᥦ᱌ࡋࡓ࠶࡜㸪↷ᛂ⾲⌧㸦౛࠼ࡤ㸪୰ᅜㄒࠕ⮬ᕫࠖ ࠕ௚⮬ᕫࠖ㸹᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࠕᙼ⮬㌟ࠖ㸹ⱥㄒ

himself㸧

࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⌮ㄽⓗ◊✲ࡀ↔Ⅼ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ↷ᛂ⾲

⌧ࡢ⌮ㄽⓎᒎ࡟క࠸㸪↷ᛂ⾲⌧➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓࡢ◊

✲ࡶὀ┠ࢆ㞟ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௒ࡲ࡛ⱥㄒࡢ↷ᛂ⾲⌧ࡢ

➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᩘከࡃࡢ◊✲ࡀ࠶ࡾ (Finer

and Broselow 1986; Finer 1991; Hirakawa 1990;

Thomas 1993; Yuan 1994; Matsumura 1994;

Wakabayashi 1996; Akiyama 2002; Watanabe 2008)㸪

୰ᅜㄒ࣭᪥ᮏㄒࡢ↷ᛂ⾲⌧ࡢ➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓࡢ◊✲

ࡣ ᑡ ࡞ ࠸

(Thomas 1991, 1995; Yuan 1998; ᭮ 2012)

ẕㄒ⩦ᚓ ◊ ✲࡛ࡣ㸪 ゝ ㄒ⩦ᚓ⿦ ⨨ (Language

Acquisition Device : LAD)

ࡀാࡃ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࡣᗈ ࡃཷࡅධࢀࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋLADࡣゝㄒࡢᬑ㐢ⓗᇶ┙

࡜࡞ࡿᩥἲ (Universal Grammar : UG) ࡜ᮏ㉁ⓗ࡟

ྠࡌࡶࡢࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓ

࡛ࡶ

UG

ࡀാ࠸࡚ゝㄒ⩦ᚓࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡢ࠿㸪࠶ࡿ

࠸ࡣ㸪

UG

ࡣാ࠿ࡎ࡟୍⯡ⓗ࡞ၥ㢟ゎỴ⬟ຊࡢࡳࡀ

ാࡃࡢ࠿ࠋࡇࡢၥ㢟ࡣ㸪1990ᖺ௦࡟┒ࢇ࡟㆟ㄽࡉ

ࢀࡓၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⌧ᅾࡶㄽதࡀ⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

୰ᅜㄒࠕ⮬ᕫࠖࠕ௚⮬ᕫࠖࡸ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศ࣭ࠖࠕᙼ

⮬㌟ࠖ㸪ⱥㄒ

himself

࡞࡝ࡢ↷ᛂ⾲⌧ࡀ࡝࠺࠸࠺ሙ

ྜ࡟ㄡࢆᣦࡍ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ከࡃࡢ◊✲⪅ࡀྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ

࡛ࡁࡓࠋ࡝ࡢྡモྃࡀඛ⾜モ࡜࡞ࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪

࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢつ๎ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢつ๎ࡣ㸪࢖ࣥࣉࢵࢺ࠿

ࡽࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ⩦ᚓ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡓ ࡀࡗ࡚㸪↷ᛂ⾲⌧ࡢゎ㔘࡟㛵ࢃࡿつ๎ࡣゝㄒࡢᬑ 㐢ⓗᇶ┙࡜࡞ࡿᩥἲ (UG) ࡢཎ⌮ࡢ୍㒊࡛࠶ࡿ࡜

ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋẕㄒ⩦ᚓ࡛ࡣ㸪ᗂඣࡣ⏕ࡲࢀࡘࡁ ഛ࠼࡚࠸ࡿつ๎࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚㸪࿘ࡾ࠿ࡽࡢ࢖ࣥࣉࢵ

ࢺࢆศᯒࡋ㸪ẕㄒࡢ↷ᛂ⾲⌧ࡢ≉ᛶࢆ㌟࡟ࡘࡅ࡚

࠸ࡃࠋ➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓࡢሙྜࡣ࡝࠺ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋẕㄒ࡜

➨஧ゝㄒࡢ↷ᛂ⾲⌧ࡢゎ㔘ୖࡢไ⣙ࡀྠࡌሙྜࡣ㸪 ༢࡟ẕㄒࡢ▱㆑ࢆ➨஧ゝㄒ࡟ᛂ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋ

ࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ẕㄒ࡜➨஧ゝㄒ࡛␗࡞ࡿሙྜࡣ࡝

࠺ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ

୰ᅜㄒ࡜᪥ᮏㄒࡣ㸪ẕㄒ࡜㢮ఝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᩥἲࢆ

ᣢࡘ➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓࢆࡍࡿሙྜ࡜㸪ẕㄒ࡜␗࡞ࡿᩥ

ἲࢆᣢࡘ➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓࢆࡍࡿሙྜ㸪࡝ࡕࡽࡢ⩦ᚓ ࡀᐜ᫆࡞ࡢ࠿ࢆㄪ࡭ࡿ㝿࡟㸪㠀ᖖ࡟࠸࠸ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ

ᥦ౪࡛ࡁࡿゝㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅࣭ⱥㄒ ẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡟୰ᅜㄒ↷ᛂ⾲⌧ࡢ

➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓㄪᰝ㸪୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦⪅࣭

ⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡟᪥ᮏㄒ↷ᛂ⾲

⌧ࡢ➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓㄪᰝࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ㸪୺࡟୕ࡘࡢၥ㢟

ࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ

a.

↷ᛂ⾲⌧࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪୰ᅜㄒ࡜᪥ᮏㄒࡣྠࡌ᣺ࡿ

研究論文

(3)

⯙࠸ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪ⱥㄒࡣ୰ᅜㄒ࣭᪥ᮏㄒ

࡜␗࡞ࡿ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦➨

2

⠇ࢆཧ⪃㸧

୰ᅜㄒ࣭᪥ᮏㄒ↷ᛂ⾲⌧➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓ࡛ࡣ㸪᪥

ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅࣭୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅ࡢ࡯࠺ࡀⱥㄒẕ ㄒヰ⪅ࡼࡾ⡆༢࡟⩦ᚓ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿㸽ࡘࡲ

ࡾ㸪➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓ࡟ࡣẕㄒࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿࡝࠺

࠿㸽

b.

➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓࡣẕㄒ⩦ᚓ࡜␗࡞ࡿ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࢆ

ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿㸽

c.

➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓ࡛ࡣᬑ㐢ᩥἲ

(UG)

ࡢཎ⌮ࡣാ

ࡃ࠿࡝࠺࠿㸽

2.

୰ᅜㄒ࣭᪥ᮏㄒ࣭ⱥㄒ↷ᛂ⾲⌧ඛ⾜モᣦྥ

ࠕࢺࣛࣥࣉࠖ࡜࠸࠺ྡ๓ࢆ⪺ࡃ࡜㸪ᩥ⬦ࡀ࡞ࡃ࡚

ࡶࡍࡄ࡟⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪himselfࢆ⪺ࡃ࡜㸪

୕ே⛠༢ᩘ⏨ᛶ௨እࡢ᝟ሗࡣศ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࠕJohni

said that [Tom

j

criticized himself

*i/j

]ࠖ

1)࡜࠸࠺ᩥ࡟࠾

࠸࡚㸪himself ࡢᣦ♧ᑐ㇟ࡣඛ⾜モ (antecedent) ࡢ

Tom

࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᐇ⌧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋChomsky (1981) ඛ⾜モࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ

himself

ࡢࡼ࠺࡞༢ㄒࢆ↷ᛂᙧ

(anaphor)

࡜ྡ௜ࡅࡽࢀࡓࠋ[Tom criticized ࣭࣭࣭]

ࡣ⤫⋡⠊␪ (governing category) ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ↷ᛂᙧ

himself

ࡣ⤫⋡⠊␪ෆࡢ

Tom

࡜ྠ୍ᣦᶆࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜

ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡀ㸪⤫⋡⠊␪እࡢ

John

࡜ྠ୍ᣦᶆࢆᣢࡘ ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋChomsky ࡣࡇࡢ✀ࡢไ⣙⌧㇟ࡣ ᬑ㐢ᩥἲ (UG) ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢゝㄒ࡟㐺⏝ࡍࡿ

࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸࡚㸪᮰⦡ཎ⌮ (Binding Principle) ࡜࿧ࡤ

ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

Chomsky

ࡀ᮰⦡ཎ⌮ࢆᥦ᱌ࡋࡓᚋ㸪↷ᛂ⾲⌧ࡢ

ඛ⾜モᣦྥ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⌮ㄽⓗ◊✲ࡀὀ┠ࢆ㞟ࡵࡓࠋ

୰ᅜㄒ࡜᪥ᮏㄒࡢ↷ᛂ⾲⌧ࡀ᭱ࡶ㆟ㄽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ

ゝㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪୰ᅜㄒ࡜᪥ᮏㄒࡢ↷ᛂ⾲⌧

ࡣⱥㄒࡢ↷ᛂ⾲⌧࡜ྠࡌ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ཯

㠃㸪᏶඲࡟␗࡞ࡿ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶

ࡿࠋ୰ᅜㄒ࡜᪥ᮏㄒࡢ↷ᛂ⾲⌧࡟ࡣ㸪༢⣧↷ᛂ⾲⌧

㸦౛࠼ࡤ㸪୰ᅜㄒࡢࠕ⮬ᕫࠖ㸪᪥ᮏㄒࡢࠕ⮬ศࠖ㸧࡜

」ྜ↷ᛂ⾲⌧㸦౛࠼ࡤ㸪୰ᅜㄒࡢࠕԆ⮬ᕫࠖ࡜᪥ᮏ ㄒࡢࠕᙼ⮬㌟ࠖ㸧ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋⱥㄒ↷ᛂ⾲⌧࡟ࡣ」ྜ↷

ᛂ⾲⌧㸦౛࠼ࡤ㸪himself㸧ࡋ࠿࡞࠸ࠋୗグࡢ (1) -

(10)

ࡣ୰ᅜㄒ࣭᪥ᮏㄒ࣭ⱥㄒ↷ᛂ⾲⌧ࡢ౛࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

(1) ᕐй

i

䇔Ѫ ᵾഋ

j

⴨ؑ 㠚ᐡ

i/j

.

(2)

ᙇ୕iࡣ ᮤᅄ jࡀ ⮬ศ i/jࢆ ಙ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ

࡜ ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

(3) Zhangsan

i

thinks Lisi

j

trusts himself

*i/j

. (4) ᕐй

i

䇔Ѫ ᵾഋ

j

⴨ؑ Ԇ㠚ᐡ

*i/j

.

(5)

ᙇ୕ iࡣ ᮤᅄ jࡀ ᙼ⮬㌟*i/jࢆ ಙ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸

ࡿ࡜ ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

(6) ᕐй

i

㔉Ҷ ᵾഋ

j

аᕐ 㠚ᐡ

i/*j

Ⲵ ➗⡷DŽ (7)

ᙇ୕iࡣ ᮤᅄj࡟ ⮬ศi/*jࡢ෗┿ࢆ ࠶ࡆࡓࠋ

(8) Zhangsan

i

gave Lisi

j

a photograph of himself

i/j

. (9) ᕐй

i

㔉Ҷ ᵾഋ

j

аᕐ Ԇ㠚ᐡ

i/j

Ⲵ ➗⡷DŽ

(10)

ᙇ୕ iࡣ ᮤᅄ j࡟ ᙼ⮬㌟i/jࡢ෗┿ࢆ ࠶ࡆ

ࡓࠋ

㸦௨ୖࡣస౛࡛࠶ࡿ㸧

୰ᅜㄒࠕ⮬ᕫࠖ࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡣྠࡌඛ⾜モᣦ

ྥࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ⱥㄒ

himself

࡜␗࡞ࡿ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸

ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ(1) ࡜ (2) ࡛♧ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪୰ᅜㄒ ࠕ⮬ᕫࠖ࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡣ

Chomsky

ࡀᥦ᱌ࡉࢀࡓ ᮰⦡ཎ⌮࡟㐪཯ࡋ㸪⠇ෆ࡛ࡢ᮰⦡㸦ᒁᡤⓗ᮰⦡㸧࡜

⠇ࢆ㉸࠼ࡓ᮰⦡㸦㛗㊥㞳᮰⦡㸧ࡢ୧᪉ࢆチࡍࡶࡢ࡜

⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ(1) ୰ᅜㄒࡢࠕ⮬ᕫࠖ㸪(2) ᪥ᮏ ㄒࡢࠕ⮬ศࠖࡣࠕᙇ୕ࠖࡶࠕᮤᅄࠖࡶඛ⾜モ࡜ࡍࡿ

ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ㸪(3) ⱥㄒࡢ

himself

ࡣࠕᮤᅄࠖ࡜ゎ㔘 ࡉࢀ㸪ࠕᙇ୕ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゎ㔘ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ(6) ୰ᅜㄒ ࡢࠕ⮬ᕫࠖ㸪(7) ᪥ᮏㄒࡢࠕ⮬ศࠖࡣࠕᙇ୕ࠖ࡜ゎ 㔘ࡉࢀ㸪ࠕᮤᅄࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゎ㔘ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪(8)

ㄒࡢ

himself

ࡣࠕᙇ୕ࠖࡶࠕᮤᅄࠖࡶඛ⾜モ࡜ࡍࡿ

ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪୰ᅜㄒࡢࠕԆ⮬ᕫࠖ࡜᪥ᮏㄒ ࡢࠕᙼ⮬㌟ࠖࡣⱥㄒ

himself

࡜ྠࡌඛ⾜モᣦྥࢆ♧

ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦 (4), (5) ࡜ (3); (9), (10) ࡜ (8) 㸧ࠋ

୰ᅜㄒ㸪᪥ᮏㄒ㸪ⱥㄒ↷ᛂ⾲⌧ࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥࢆࡲ

࡜ࡵࡿ࡜㸪ୗグࡢ⾲

1

ࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋ

1 ୰ᅜㄒ࣭᪥ᮏㄒ࣭ⱥㄒ↷ᛂ⾲⌧ඛ⾜モᣦྥ

ᇙࡵ㎸ࡳᩥ ஧㔜┠ⓗㄒᩥ

㏆㊥㞳

୺ㄒ

㐲㊥㞳

୺ㄒ

୺ㄒ ┠ⓗㄒ

⮬ᕫ ™

⮬ศ ™

himself

™

௚⮬ᕫ ™

ᙼ⮬㌟ ™

(4)

3.

ඛ⾜◊✲

୰ᅜㄒ࡜᪥ᮏㄒࡢࡼ࠺࡞᮰⦡ཎ⌮࡟㐪཯ࡍࡿ↷

ᛂ⾲⌧ࢆ࡝࠺ゎỴࡍࡿ࠿ࢆ⌮ㄽ◊✲ࡢ↔Ⅼ࡜࡞ࡗ

࡚࠸ࡿࠋWang and Stillings 1984)Mohanan (1982)

࡞࡝ࡣ㸪᮰⦡ཎ⌮࡟㐪཯ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ୰ᅜㄒࠕ⮬ᕫࠖ࡜

᪥ ᮏ ㄒ ࠕ ⮬ ศ ࠖ ࡀ

Chomsky

ࡢ ᣲ ࡆ ࡓ ↷ ᛂ ᙧ

(anaphor)㸪௦ྡモ㢮 (pronominal)㸪ᣦ♧⾲⌧ (R-

expressing)

࡜⊂❧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᪂ࡋ࠸㢮ࡢྡモ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪

ࠕ↷ᛂ௦ྡモ (anaphoric pronoun)ࠖ࡜ྡ௜ࡅ㸪↷ᛂ ௦ྡモࡀ↷ᛂᙧ࡜௦ྡモࡢ୧᪉ࡢ≉ᛶࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸

ࡿ࡜ᥦ᱌ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢᥦ᱌࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪୰ᅜㄒࠕ⮬ᕫࠖ

࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡀᒁᡤⓗ᮰⦡࡜㛗㊥㞳᮰⦡ࡢ୧᪉

ࢆチࡍ࡜࠸࠺஦ᐇࡀᤊ࠼ࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪

Battistella (1989), Cole, et al. (1990), Cole and Sung (1994), Huang and Tang (1991)

࡞࡝ࡣ㸪↷ᛂᙧࡀ

Logical Form (LF)

࡛₯ᅾⓗ⛣ື (covert movement) ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ඛ⾜モࡢ㏆ࡃ࡟⛣ືࡋ㸪᮰⦡ཎ⌮

ࡀ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ᥦ᱌ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪

Manzini and Wexler (1987)

ࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪⤫⋡⠊␪ࢆ

ᣑ኱ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪㛗㊥㞳᮰⦡ࡀチࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺

࡟࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ㄝ᫂ࡀ୚࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋProgovac (1992,

1993), Tang (1994), Nishigauchi (2014),

す ᇉ ෆ

(2012, 2014)

࡞࡝ࡣ㸪୰ᅜㄒ࡜᪥ᮏㄒࡢࡼ࠺࡞ゝㄒ

ࡣ₯ᅾⓗ

AGR

ࢆᣢࡘゝㄒ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᩥࡢ୰ࡢ

AGR

ࡣ㐃㙐࡟࡞ࡾ㸪⤫⋡⠊␪ࡣᩥ඲య࡟ᗈࡀࡾ㸪㛗㊥㞳 ᮰⦡ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ㄝ᫂ࡋࡓࠋ

᮰⦡ཎ⌮ࡀᥦ᱌ࡉࢀࡓ๓࡟㸪↷ᛂ⾲⌧࡟㛵ࡍࡿ

➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓ◊✲ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪⌮ㄽⓗ࡞ᯟ⤌ࡳࡀ

࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡓࡵ㸪⤖ᯝࡢㄝ᫂ࡣ୙༑ศ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

Manzini and Wexler (1987)

ࡣࠕ⤫⋡⠊␪ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ

(Governing Category Parameter)ࠖࢆᥦ᱌ࡋࡓࠋ

ࠕఱࡀ

⤫⋡⠊␪࡟࡞ࡿࡢ࠿ࠖࡣ⤫⋡⠊␪ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ࡟ࡼ

ࡗ࡚Ỵࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ⤫⋡⠊␪ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࡢ್ࡣ

5

ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ゝㄒ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ỵࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋa. ୺ㄒࢆྵ

ࡴྡモྃ (NP) ࡸ⠇ (IP); b. IP㸦୙ᐃモ⠇ࢆྵࡴ㸧

; c.

᫬ไࡢ࠶ࡿ

IP㸦୙ᐃモ⠇ࢆྵࡲ࡞࠸㸧; d.

┤᥋ ἲ᫬ไࢆᣢࡘ

IP

㸦௬ᐃἲ᫬ไࢆྵࡲ࡞࠸㸧

; e.

ᩥ඲

యࠋⱥㄒࡢ⤫⋡⠊␪ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ್ࡣ

a

࡛㸪୰ᅜㄒ

࡜᪥ᮏㄒࡢ⤫⋡⠊␪ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ್ࡣ

e

࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⤫

⋡⠊␪ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪୰ᅜㄒ࡜᪥ᮏㄒࡢ⤫

⋡⠊␪ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ್ࡣᩥ඲య࡞ࡢ࡛㸪㛗㊥㞳᮰⦡

ࡶࡑࡢ⤫⋡⠊␪࡟ධࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࢖ࢱࣜ࢔ㄒ㸪ࣟࢩ࢔

ㄒ㸪࢔࢖ࢫࣛࣥࢻㄒࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ

b, c, d

ࢆ௦⾲ࡍࡿࠋ ࡇࡢ⤫⋡⠊␪ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࡣ᮰⦡ཎ⌮࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ᬑ㐢

ᩥἲ (UG) ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ⌮ㄽࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚↷

ᛂ⾲⌧ࡢ➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓࢆ◊✲ࡍࡿඛ⾜◊✲ࡀከࡃ

࠶ࡿ (Finer and Broselow 1986; Finer 1991; Hirakawa

1990; Matsumura 1994; Wakabayashi 1996; Akiyama 2002)ࠋ

᭱ึ࡟᮰⦡ཎ⌮ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚↷ᛂ⾲⌧ࡢ➨஧ゝㄒ

⩦ᚓࢆ◊✲ࡍࡿࡢࡣ

Finer and Broselow (1986)

࡛࠶

ࡾ㸪㡑ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅

6

ྡࢆᑐ㇟࡟ⱥㄒࡢ↷ᛂ⾲⌧

ࡢ⩦ᚓࢆ⪃ᐹࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋ㸪Finer (1991) ࡣ⿕㦂⪅

ࢆ㏣ຍࡋ㸪

Finer and Broselow (1986)

࡜ྠࡌࡃ㸪

UG

ࡣ ➨ ஧ ゝ ㄒ ⩦ ᚓ ࡟ ࡶ 㐺 ⏝ ࡍ ࡿ ࡜ ୺ ᙇ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ

Hirakawa (1990)

ࡣ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡟ⱥㄒࡢ

↷ᛂ⾲⌧ࡢ⩦ᚓࢆ⪃ᐹࡋ㸪ྠࡌࡃ

UG

ࡣ➨஧ゝㄒ

⩦ᚓ࡟ࡶ㐺⏝ࡍࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡋࡓࠋ

Manzini and Wexler (1987)

ࡀࠕ⤫⋡⠊␪ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛ

ࢱࠖࢆᥦ᱌ࡋࡓᚋ㸪⤫⋡⠊␪࣭୺ㄒᣦྥᛶ࣭↷ᛂ⾲

⌧ᙧែࡢ

3

ࡘࡢ㛵ಀࢆྲྀࡾᕳࡃ⌮ㄽࡀ⌧ࢀ⥆ࡅ࡚

࠸ࡿࠋ༢⣧↷ᛂ⾲⌧ࡣ㛗㊥㞳᮰⦡࡜୺ㄒᣦྥᛶࡢ

≉ᚩࢆᣢࡕ㸪୍᪉㸪」ྜ↷ᛂ⾲⌧ࡣᒁᡤⓗ᮰⦡࡜୺

ㄒ࣭┠ⓗㄒ࡜ࡶᣦࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜࠸࠺≉ᚩࢆᣢ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ༢⣧↷ᛂ⾲⌧࡜」ྜ↷ᛂ⾲⌧ࡢ≉ᚩࢆ

࠺ࡲࡃㄝ࡛᫂ࡁࡿ⌮ㄽࡣ

Battistella (1989)

LF

ື ศ ᯒ ࡜

Progovac (1992)

ࡢ ┦ ᑐ ໬ ኱ ୺ ㄒ

(relativized SUBJECT)

ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ

LF

⛣ືศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪༢⣧↷ᛂ⾲⌧ࡣ

N

0㸪」ྜ↷ᛂ

⾲⌧ࡣ

NP

ࡔ࡜ศᯒࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ༢⣧↷ᛂ⾲⌧ࡣ࣊ࢵ

ࢻ࡛࠶ࡾ (head, ༶ࡕ

N

0

)㸪࠿ࡘ㸪INFL

࠿ࡽ

INFL

࡬ࡢ⛣ືࡣ࣊ࢵࢻࡢ⛣ື࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪༢⣧↷ᛂ⾲

⌧ࡣ

LF

INFL

࠿ࡽ

INFL

࡬㐃⥆ⓗ⛣ືࡍࡿࡇ࡜

࡟ࡼࡾ㸪㛗㊥㞳᮰⦡ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿࠋ⛣ື࡜ྠ᫬࡟㸪

୺ㄒࡣ࣊ࢵࢻ࡜୍⮴ࡋ࡞࠸࡜࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛㸪༢⣧

↷ᛂ⾲⌧ࡢඛ⾜モࡣ୺ㄒᣦྥࡋ࠿࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ」ྜ

↷ᛂ⾲⌧ࡣ

N

0࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪INFL ࢆ⤒⏤ࡋ࣊ࢵ

ࢻ⛣ື࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡼࡗ࡚㸪ᒁᡤⓗ᮰⦡ࡋ࠿࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ

ࡲࡓ㸪」ྜ↷ᛂ⾲⌧ࡣ

NP

࡛㸪VP࡟௜࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡢ

࡛㸪୺ㄒ࡜┠ⓗㄒ࡟ࡼࡿ

C

⤫ᚚࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡼ

ࡗ࡚㸪୺ㄒ࡜┠ⓗㄒ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ඛ⾜モ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ

࡛ࡁࡿࠋ

┦ᑐ໬኱୺ㄒ (relativized SUBJECT) ࡛ࡣ㸪༢⣧

↷ᛂ⾲⌧ࡣ

X

0ࡢࡳࢆ኱୺ㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚ཷࡅධࢀ㸪ࡑࡢ

(5)

኱୺ㄒࡣ୍⮴㛵ಀࢆ⾲ࡍ

AGR

࡛࠶ࡾ㸪」ྜ↷ᛂ⾲

⌧ࡣ

XP

ࢆ኱୺ㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚ཷࡅධࢀࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡍࡿࠋ༢

⣧↷ᛂ⾲⌧ࡢ⤫⋡⠊␪ࡣᩥࡢ᭱ึࡢ

X

0ࡲ࡛࡟ᗈࡀ

ࡾ㸪

AGR

Spec

㸦୺ㄒ㸧࡜ྠ୍ᣦ♧࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪

ᩥࡢ୰ࡢ

AGR

ࡣ㐃㙐࡟࡞ࡾ㸪⤫⋡⠊␪ࡣᩥ඲య࡟

ᗈࡀࡾ㸪㛗㊥㞳᮰⦡ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿࠋ」ྜ↷ᛂ⾲⌧ࡢ

⤫⋡⠊␪ࡣᩥࡢ᭱ึࡢ

XP

࡞ࡢ࡛㸪ᒁᡤⓗ᮰⦡ࡋ࠿

࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓ㸪୺ㄒ࡜┠ⓗㄒ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ඛ⾜モ࡜ࡋ

࡚ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

LF

⛣ ື ศ ᯒ ࡜ ┦ ᑐ ໬ ኱ ୺ ㄒ

(relativized

SUBJECT)

ศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪༢⣧↷ᛂ⾲⌧ࡣ㸪㛗㊥㞳᮰⦡

ࡀ㐺⏝ࡍࡿ࡜ྠ᫬࡟୺ㄒᣦྥᛶࡶ‶ࡓࡉ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ

࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺୍⮴࡜㸪」ྜ↷ᛂ⾲⌧ࡣ㸪ᒁᡤⓗ᮰

⦡࡟⦡ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ྠ᫬࡟୺ㄒ࡜┠ⓗㄒ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟

ඛ⾜モ࡟࡞ࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺୍⮴ࢆᙉㄪࡍࡿࠋ➨஧ゝㄒ

⩦ᚓ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪␗࡞ࡿ↷ᛂ⾲⌧ᙧែ࡛ࡑࡢ┦ᛂ ࡍࡿ⤫⋡⠊␪࡜ඛ⾜モᣦྥࡢ୍⮴ࡀ⩦ᚓ࡛ࡁࡿ࡞

ࡽࡤ㸪

UG

ࡣ➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓ࡟ࡶാࡃ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡇࢀࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪㛗㊥㞳᮰⦡ࡀチࡍゝㄒ㸦౛

࠼ࡤ㸪୰ᅜㄒ㸪᪥ᮏㄒ㸪㡑ᅜㄒ࡞࡝㸧࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜᳨

ド࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ (Thomas 1991ˈ1993ˈ1995; White et al.

1996; Yuan 1998; 哴ㅹ 2005; ᴭ 2012)ࠋ

Tomas (1991) ࡣ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅ⱥㄒᏛ⩦⪅࡜ࢫ

࣌࢖ࣥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅ⱥㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡟㸪ⱥㄒ↷ᛂ

⾲⌧ࡢ⩦ᚓ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀẕㄒࡀ␗

࡞ࡿ஧⤌ࡢㄪᰝᑐ㇟⪅ࡀ㸪ⱥㄒ↷ᛂ⾲⌧ࡢ⩦ᚓ࡟

࠾࠸࡚ఝࡓഴྥࢆ♧ࡋ㸪ゝㄒ⩦⇍ᗘࡶ⩦ᚓ࡟ᙳ㡪 ࡀ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝࢆᚓࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ

Tomas

(1991)

UG

ࡀ➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓ࡟ࡶാࡁ㸪ẕㄒࡀ➨

஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓ࡟ࡣᙳ㡪ࡋ࡞࠸࡜୺ᙇࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪

Tomas (1995)

ࡣ୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦⪅㸪㡑

ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦⪅㸪ࢱ࢖ㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏ ㄒᏛ⩦⪅࡜ⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡟㸪

᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢ⩦ᚓ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶㄪᰝࡋࡓࠋ

Tomas

(1991)

ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀẕㄒࡀ␗࡞ࡿㄪ

ᰝᑐ㇟⪅ࡀ㸪᪥ᮏㄒ↷ᛂ⾲⌧ࡢ⩦ᚓ࡟࠾࠸࡚ఝࡓ ഴྥࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ

୍᪉㸪

Yuan (1998)

ࡣⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅

࡜᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡟୰ᅜㄒ ࠕ⮬ᕫࠖࡢ⩦ᚓࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓࠋ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒ Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡀⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡼࡾᐜ᫆࡟୰

ᅜㄒࠕ⮬ᕫࠖࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋ୰

ᅜㄒࠕ⮬ᕫࠖ࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡣྠࡌඛ⾜モᣦྥࢆ

♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛㸪ⱥㄒ↷ᛂ⾲⌧࡜ࡣ␗࡞

ࡿඛ⾜モᣦྥ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚㸪Tomas ࡜㐪ࡗ࡚㸪

Yuan

ࡣẕㄒࡀ➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓ࡟ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡋࡓࠋ

Yuan

Tomas

࡜ྠࡌ㸪UGࡀ➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓ࡟ࡶാ

ࡃ࡜ᨭᣢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

᭮ (2012) ࡣⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࢆᑐ㇟

࡟㸪୰ᅜㄒࠕ⮬ᕫࠖ࡜ࠕ௚⮬ᕫࠖࡢ⩦ᚓ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪ ᰝࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㸪 ⱥㄒ↷ᛂ⾲⌧ࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥ࡜୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ୰ᅜㄒ ࠕ௚⮬ᕫࠖࡢ⩦ᚓࡣᐜ᫆ࡔࡀ㸪ⱥㄒ↷ᛂ⾲⌧ࡢඛ⾜

モᣦྥ࡜୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸୰ᅜㄒࠕ⮬ᕫࠖࡢ⩦ᚓࡣ㞴 ࡋ࠸࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝࢆᚓࡓࠋ᭮ (2012) ࡣẕㄒⱥㄒࡢ㌿

⛣࡟ࡼࡾ୰ᅜㄒࠕ௚⮬ᕫࠖࡢ⩦ᚓࢆಁ㐍ࡋ㸪୍᪉㸪 ẕㄒⱥㄒࡢᖸ΅࡟ࡼࡾ୰ᅜㄒࠕ⮬ᕫࠖࡢ⩦ᚓࢆ㜼ᐖ ࡋࡓ࡜୺ᙇࡋࡓࠋ

↷ᛂ⾲⌧➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓࡢඛ⾜◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ẕ ㄒࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿ࡜ẕㄒࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺

஧ࡘࡢᑐ❧ࡋࡓㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

UG

ࡀ➨஧ゝㄒ

⩦ᚓ࡟ࡶാࡃ࡜ᨭᣢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪᫂☜࡞ㄝ᫂ࡣḞ ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ከゝㄒ㸦୰ᅜㄒ࣭᪥ᮏㄒ࣭

ⱥㄒ㸧㸪ከᙧែ㸦༢⣧↷ᛂ⾲⌧࣭」ྜ↷ᛂ⾲⌧㸧㸪ከ ኚᛶ㸦㛗࣭▷㊥㞳᮰⦡㸪୺ㄒ࣭┠ⓗㄒᣦྥ㸧ࡢ⥲ྜ

どⅬ࠿ࡽ↷ᛂ⾲⌧ࡢ➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓࢆ⪃ᐹࡋ㸪ẕㄒ ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿㸪➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓࡀẕㄒ⩦

ᚓ࡜␗࡞ࡿ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࢆࡍࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿㸪

UG

ࡀ➨஧ゝ ㄒ⩦ᚓ࡟ࡶാࡃ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࠋ

4.

୰ᅜㄒ↷ᛂ⾲⌧➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓㄪᰝ

ࡇࡢ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅࡜ⱥ ㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡟㸪୰ᅜㄒࠕ⮬ᕫࠖ

࡜ࠕ௚⮬ᕫࠖࡢ➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ

↷ᛂ⾲⌧ࡢᣦྥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅࡟࡜ࡗ

࡚ࡶ㞴ࡋ࠸ᩥἲ㡯┠࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࢆᑐ㇟

࡟ㄪᰝࡍࡿ㝿࡟㸪୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡀ㞟୰ࡋ࡚⟅࠼㸪㉁

ࡢ㧗࠸ㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࢆᚓࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪Yuan (1998) ࡜᭮

(2012)

ࡼࡾ⡆༢࡞ㄪᰝᩥࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪ㄪᰝࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ

ࡓࠋ

4.1. ㄪᰝᩥ

ㄪᰝᩥࢆసᡂࡍࡿ㝿࡟㸪ึ⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅ࢆ㓄៖ࡋ㸪⡆

༢࡞ㄪᰝᩥ㸪࠿ࡘࣆࣥ࢖ࣥࢆ௜ࡅࡓࡶࡢࢆసᡂࡋ

(6)

ࡓࠋㄪᰝᩥࡣୗグࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᅄࡘࡢᩥᆺ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩥᆺ

1

ࡣඛ⾜モ࡜ࡋ࡚㐲㊥㞳୺ㄒ࡜㏆㊥㞳୺ㄒࢆ࡜ࡶ

࡟チࡍࠕ⮬ᕫࠖ㸪ᩥᆺ

2

ࡣඛ⾜モ࡜ࡋ࡚㏆㊥㞳୺ㄒ ࡔࡅチࡍࠕ௚⮬ᕫࠖ㸪ᩥᆺ

3

ࡣඛ⾜モ࡜ࡋ࡚୺ㄒࡔ ࡅチࡍࠕ⮬ᕫࠖ㸪ᩥᆺ

4

ࡣඛ⾜モ࡜ࡋ࡚୺ㄒ࡜┠ⓗ

ㄒࢆ࡜ࡶ࡟チࡍࠕ௚⮬ᕫ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋㄪᰝᩥࡣ (11)

- (13) ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᩥࢆ 4

ࢭࢵࢺ㸪ྜィ

16

ᩥ㸪ࢲ࣑

࣮ᩥࢆ

8

ᩥ㸪ྜィ

24

ᩥࢆ⏝ពࡋࡓ㸦㈨ᩱ

1㸧ࠋྛᩥ

ࡣࣛࣥࢲ࣒࡟ᥦ♧ࡋࡓࠋ

(11)

ྃᆺ

1㸸

ࠕ⮬ᕫࠖᇙࡵ㎸ࡳᩥ

zhƗng

n

j u é

d e

lӿ

s ì

d u ì

z ì

jӿ

méi

x ì n

xƯn

㸦ᙇ୕ࡣᮤᅄࡀ⮬ศ࡟⮬ಙࡀ࡞࠸࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸧

“⮬ᕫ”ྍ௨ᣦ

⫯ᐃྍ௨ ኱ᴫྍ௨ ኱ᴫ୙ྍ௨ ⫯ᐃ୙ྍ௨

“ᕐ୕”㸽 [A] [B] [C] [D]

“ᮤᅄ”㸽 [A] [B] [C] [D]

ࠕ⮬ศࠖࡣㄡࢆᣦࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍ࠿

⤯ᑐ࡛ࡁࡿ ࡓࡪࢇ࡛ࡁࡿ ࡓࡪࢇ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸

⤯ᑐ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸦௨ୗ┬␎㸧㸧

(12)

ྃᆺ

2㸸ࠕ௚⮬ᕫࠖᇙࡵ㎸ࡳᩥ

]KvQJ

й

VvQ

MXl

G H

O 

V n

GXn

Ԇ

W v

] n

M 

PlL

ؑ

[nQ

[yQ

DŽ

㸦ᙇ୕ࡣᮤᅄࡀᙼ⮬㌟࡟⮬ಙࡀ࡞࠸࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸧

“Ԇ⮬ᕫ”ྍ௨ᣦ

⫯ᐃྍ௨ ኱ᴫྍ௨ ኱ᴫ୙ྍ௨ ⫯ᐃ୙ྍ௨

“ᕐ୕”㸽 [A] [B] [C] [D]

“ᮤᅄ”㸽 [A] [B] [C] [D]

(13)

ྃᆺ

3㸸ࠕ⮬ᕫࠖ஧㔜┠ⓗㄒᩥ

]KvQJ

й

VvQ

JxL

O 

V n

NiQ

Ҷ

O H

] n

M 

G H

]KiR

SLiQ

DŽ

㸦ᙇ୕ࡣᮤᅄ࡟⮬ศࡢ෗┿ࢆぢࡏࡓࠋ㸧

“⮬ᕫ”ྍ௨ᣦ

⫯ᐃྍ௨ ኱ᴫྍ௨ ኱ᴫ୙ྍ௨ ⫯ᐃ୙ྍ௨

“ᕐ୕”㸽 [A] [B] [C] [D]

“ᮤᅄ”㸽 [A] [B] [C] [D]

(14)

ྃᆺ

4㸸ࠕ௚⮬ᕫࠖ஧㔜┠ⓗㄒᩥ

]KvQJ

й

VvQ

JxL

O 

V n

NiQ

Ҷ

O H

Ԇ

W v

] n

M 

G H

]KiR

SLiQ

DŽ

㸦ᙇ୕ࡣᮤᅄ࡟ᙼ⮬㌟ࡢ෗┿ࢆぢࡏࡓࠋ㸧

“Ԇ⮬ᕫ”ྍ௨ᣦ

⫯ᐃྍ௨ ኱ᴫྍ௨ ኱ᴫ୙ྍ௨ ⫯ᐃ୙ྍ௨

“ᕐ୕”㸽 [A] [B] [C] [D]

“ᮤᅄ”㸽 [A] [B] [C] [D]

(11)

ࡣ୰ᅜㄒࠕ⮬ᕫࠖࢆྵࡴᇙࡵ㎸ࡳᩥ࡛㸪㉁ၥ

ࡀ஧ࡘ࠶ࡿࠋ୍ࡘࡣࠕ⮬ᕫࠖࡣ㐲㊥㞳୺ㄒࠕᕐ୕ࠖ

ࢆᣦࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ၥ࠸࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᅇ⟅⪅

࡟ࠕ⤯ᑐ࡛ࡁࡿࠖࡣ [A]㸪ࠕࡓࡪࢇ࡛ࡁࡿࠖࡣ [B]㸪 ࠕࡓࡪࢇ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠖࡣ [C]㸪ࠕ⤯ᑐ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠖࡣ [D]

ࡢ୍ࡘࢆ㑅ᢥࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࠋࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢ㉁ၥࡣࠕ⮬ᕫࠖ

ࡣ㏆㊥㞳୺ㄒࠕᮤᅄࠖࢆᣦࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺

ၥ࠸࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ྠࡌᇶ‽࡛ᅇ⟅⪅࡟ [A], [B], [C], [D]

࠿ࡽ୍ࡘ㑅ᢥࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࠋ

(12)

ࡣ୰ᅜㄒࠕ௚⮬ᕫࠖ

ࢆྵࡴᇙࡵ㎸ࡳᩥ㸪(13) ࡣࠕ⮬ᕫࠖࢆྵࡴ஧㔜┠

ⓗㄒᩥ࡛㸪(14) ࡣࠕ௚⮬ᕫࠖࢆྵࡴ஧㔜┠ⓗㄒᩥ

࡛࠶ࡾ㸪(11) ࡜ྠࡌࡃ㸪㉁ၥࡀ஧ࡘ࠶ࡾ㸪ᅇ⟅⪅

࡟ [A], [B], [C], [D] ࠿ࡽ୍ࡘࡢᅇ⟅ࢆ㑅ᢥࡋ࡚ࡶ

ࡽ࠺ࠋ

༠ຊ⪅ࡣ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒึ⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅

27

ྡ㸪 ⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒึ⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅

35

ྡ㸦኱Ꮫ࡛୰ᅜ

ㄒᏛ⩦Ṕ

1 - 2

ᖺ㸧࡜㸪᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒ୰⣭

Ꮫ⩦⪅

15

ྡ㸪ⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒ୰⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅

19

ྡ㸦኱Ꮫ࡛୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦Ṕ

3 - 4

ᖺ㸧࡜㸪᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒ ヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒୖ⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅

16

ྡ㸪ⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒ

ୖ⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅

17

ྡ㸦኱Ꮫ࡛୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦Ṕ

4

ᖺ௨ୖ㸧

࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅

31

ྡ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋྛ༠ຊ⪅࡟ࡣㅰ♩㔠

ࢆᨭᡶࡗࡓࠋ

4.2. ⤖ᯝ࡜ศᯒ

ࠕ͆㛟ᇊਟԕ͇㸦⤯ᑐ࡛ࡁࡿ㸧ࠖࡢᅇ⟅ࡣ

3㸪

ࠕ͆བྷᾲ

ਟԕ͇

㸦ࡓࡪࢇ࡛ࡁࡿ㸧ࠖࡢᅇ⟅ࡣ

2㸪

ࠕ͆བྷᾲнਟԕ͇

㸦ࡓࡪࢇ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸧ࠖࡢᅇ⟅ࡣ

1㸪

ࠕ͆㛟ᇊнਟԕ͇㸦⤯

ᑐ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸧ࠖࡢᅇ⟅ࡣ

0

࡛グධࡋࡓࠋ3ࡣ⤯ᑐ࡟

୰ᅜㄒࠕ⮬ᕫࠖ࡜ࠕԆ⮬ᕫࠖࡢඛ⾜モ࡟࡞ࢀࡿ࡜࠸

࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪

0

ࡣ⤯ᑐ࡟୰ᅜㄒࠕ⮬ᕫࠖ࡜ࠕԆ⮬

ᕫࠖࡢඛ⾜モ࡟࡞ࢀ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ศᩓศᯒࡣ㸪ศᯒᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࡢྛࢢ࣮ࣝ

ࣉ࡟➼ศᩓࡀ௬ᐃࡉࢀࡿሙྜ࡟ࡣ

Tukey

HSD

ἲ㸪

➼ศᩓࡀ௬ᐃࡉࢀ࡞࠸ሙྜ࡟ࡣ

Games-Howell

ࡢከ㔜ẚ㍑ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋศᯒ࡟ࡣ

SPSS Statistics Base

(7)

25

ࢆ⏝࠸࡚⾜ࡗࡓࠋ

2

ࡣㄪᰝᩥ (11) ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᇙࡵ㎸ࡳᩥࡢ୰ᅜ ㄒࠕ⮬ᕫࠖࡢ⩦ᚓ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

2 ୰ᅜㄒࠕ⮬ᕫࠖ㸦ᇙࡵ㎸ࡳᩥ㸧ࡢ⩦ᚓ⤖ᯝ

C J

J

J

E

E

E

2.91 1.77 1.47 1.64 1.79 1.57 1.94 0.14 0.62 0.63 0.81 0.79 0.80 0.81

abcdef a b c d e f

2.08 1.93 2.18 2.09 1.95 2.11 2.13 0.53 0.60 0.51 0.66 0.79 0.65 0.82

ͤ

C

ࡣ୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅㸪

J

ึࡣ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒ

ึ⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅㸪

J

୰ࡣ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒ୰⣭Ꮫ⩦

⪅㸪

J

ୖࡣ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒୖ⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅㸪

E

ࡣⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒึ⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅㸪

E

୰ࡣⱥㄒẕㄒ ヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒ୰⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅㸪

E

ୖࡣⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒ

ୖ⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅ࢆ⾲ࡍࠋ㸦௨ୗ┬␎㸧

ͤ㡯┠ࡈ࡜࡟㸪ᖹᆒ್㸦

1

⾜┠㸸

3

ࡣ⤯ᑐ࡟ࠕ⮬ᕫࠖ

ࡢඛ⾜モ࡟࡞ࢀࡿ㸹

0

ࡣ⤯ᑐ࡟ࠕ⮬ᕫࠖࡢඛ⾜モ࡟

࡞ࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ㸧ᶆ‽೫ᕪ㸦

2

⾜┠㸧ከ㔜ẚ㍑ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸦

3

⾜┠㸧ࢆグ㍕ࠋ㸦௨ୗ┬␎㸧

ͤከ㔜ẚ㍑࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣྠࡌ࢔ࣝࣇ࢓࣋ࢵࢺࡢグ㍕ࡀ

࠶ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡟ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ㛫ࡢᕪࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍ

5

㸣Ỉ‽㸧ࠋ㸦௨ୗ┬␎㸧

2

ࡣ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ึ⣭࣭୰⣭࣭

ୖ⣭㸪ⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ึ⣭࣭୰⣭࣭ୖ⣭

࡜୰ᅜே࡟ࡼࡿࠕ⮬ᕫࠖࢆྵࡴᇙࡵ㎸ࡳᩥඛ⾜モᣦ

ྥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᇙࡵ㎸ࡳᩥ࡟࠾࠸

࡚㸪୰ᅜㄒࠕ⮬ᕫࠖ࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥ

ࡣ㸪⤫⋡⠊␪ෆࡢ୺ㄒ࡜⤫⋡⠊␪ࢆ㉸࠼ࡓ⠇እࡢ

୺ㄒ㸪ࡑࡢ୧᪉ࢆチࡍࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰

ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡀ୰ᅜㄒࠕ⮬ᕫࠖࢆᏛ⩦ࡍࡿ㝿࡟㸪ᩍ⛉

᭩࡟ࡣࠕ⮬ᕫࠖࡀ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖ࡟ヂࡉࢀ㸪ࡶࡋẕ ㄒ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿ࡞ࡽ

ࡤ㸪ึ⣭࣭୰⣭࣭ୖ⣭ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡀ㐲㊥

㞳୺ㄒ࡜㏆㊥㞳୺ㄒࡢ୧᪉ࢆ୰ᅜㄒࠕ⮬ᕫࠖࡢඛ⾜

モ࡜ࡋ࡚ཷࡅධࢀࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋⱥㄒ

himself

ࡣ୰

ᅜㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢඛ⾜ᛶᣦྥ࡜␗࡞ࡾ㸪⤫⋡⠊␪ෆࡢ

୺ㄒࡢࡳඛ⾜モ࡜ࡋ࡚࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡶࡋẕㄒࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ

ཷࡅࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡣ୰ᅜ ㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢ㐲㊥㞳୺ㄒࢆඛ⾜モ࡜ࡋ࡚ཷࡅධࢀࡿ

ࡢࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

2

ࡢ୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࠿ࡽ㸪୰ᅜㄒẕ ㄒヰ⪅ࡀ㐲㊥㞳୺ㄒ (2.91) ࡜㏆㊥㞳୺ㄒ (2.08) ࡢ୧᪉ࢆཷࡅධࢀ㸪࠿ࡘ㸪㐲㊥㞳୺ㄒࡢ࡯࠺ࡀ㏆㊥

㞳୺ㄒࡼࡾࠕ⮬ᕫࠖࡢඛ⾜モ࡜ࡋ࡚ཷࡅධࢀࡸࡍ࠸

࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝࢆᚓࡓࠋ㏆㊥㞳୺ㄒࡢ㑅ᢥ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ྛ

ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛ࡣ᭷ពᕪࡣほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪 㐲㊥㞳୺ㄒࡢ㑅ᢥ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜ ㄒᏛ⩦⪅࡜ⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡢึ⣭࣭୰

⣭࣭ୖ⣭ࣞ࣋ࣝᏛ⩦⪅ࡀ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅

ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ពᕪࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ

⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅࡜ⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡣ୰

ᅜㄒࡀึ⣭ࣞ࣋ࣝ࠿ࡽୖ⣭ࣞ࣋ࣝࡲ࡛㸪ࠕ⮬ᕫࠖࡢ 㛗㊥㞳ᣦྥ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᐜㄆᗘࡀప࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀศ

࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ྛᏛ⩦ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪㏆㊥㞳୺

ㄒࡢ࡯࠺ࡀ㛗㊥㞳୺ㄒࡼࡾඛ⾜モ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᐜㄆࡀ 㧗࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪୰ᅜㄒᇙࡵ㎸

ࡳᩥࡢࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢ⩦ᚓ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪୧ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡣྠࡌ ഴྥࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡓࠋ

௨ୖࡢ⤖ᯝࡼࡾ㸪୰ᅜㄒࠕ⮬ᕫࠖࡢ㛗㊥㞳ᣦྥࡢ

⩦ᚓࡣ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅࡜ⱥㄒẕㄒヰ

⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㠀ᖖ࡟㞴ࡋ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ

ࡿࠋ୰ᅜㄒࠕ⮬ᕫࠖ࡜ඛ⾜モᣦྥࡀ୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᪥

ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡢ࡯࠺ࡀ୰ᅜㄒࠕ⮬ᕫࠖ

࡜ඛ⾜モᣦྥࡀ୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜ ㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡼࡾᐜ᫆࡟ࠕ⮬ᕫࠖࢆ⩦ᚓࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝ ࡣᚓࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡔࡅ࠿ࡽゝ࠼ࡿࡢࡣ㸪

᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡢ➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓ࡟࠾

࠸࡚ẕㄒࡢᙳ㡪ࡀほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋⱥㄒẕㄒヰ

⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡢ➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ẕㄒ ࡢᖸ΅࡟ࡼࡾ⩦ᚓࢆ㜼ᐖࡋࡓ࡜ࡣゝ࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ

࡛ࡣ㸪ㄪᰝᩥ(11) ࡢ୰ࡢࠕ⮬ᕫࠖࡣㄪᰝᩥ (12) ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠕ௚⮬ᕫࠖ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜㸪ඛ⾜モᣦྥࡣ᪥ᮏ ㄒࡶⱥㄒࡶྠࡌࡃ㸪⤫⋡⠊␪ෆࡢ୺ㄒࡢࡳඛ⾜モ

࡟࡞ࡿࠋ⾲

3

ࡣㄪᰝᩥ (12) ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢྛࢢ࣮ࣝ

ࣉࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ㄪᰝᩥ (11) ࡢࠕ⮬ᕫࠖࡣㄪᰝᩥ (12) ࡢࠕ௚⮬

ᕫࠖ࡟ኚࢃࡿ࡜㸪⾲

2

ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ẚ࡭ࡿ࡜㸪⤫⋡⠊

␪ࢆ㉸࠼ࡓ㐲㊥㞳୺ㄒࡣᐜㄆᗘࡀୗࡀࡾ㸪⤫⋡⠊

␪ෆࡢ㏆㊥㞳୺ㄒࢆ㑅ࡪ᪉ࡀቑ࠼ࡓࠋ㏆㊥㞳୺ㄒ ࡢ㑅ᢥ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒ୰⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅

࡜୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ពᕪࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡓࠋⱥ ㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒ୰⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅࡛ࡣ㸪୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ

(8)

⪅ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㏆㊥㞳୺ㄒࢆ㑅ࡤ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪

1.97

࡜࠸࠺್ࡣࠕ͆བྷᾲਟԕ͇㸦ࡓࡪࢇ࡛ࡁࡿ㸧ࠖ࡞

ࡢ࡛㸪⤫⋡⠊␪ෆࡢ㏆㊥㞳୺ㄒࢆཷࡅධࢀࡿ࡜ゝ

࠼ࡿࠋ⾲

3

ࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ㸪୧Ꮫ⩦ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡣ࡜ࡶ࡟

ẕㄒࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚㸪Ꮫ⩦ゝㄒ࡜ඛ⾜モᣦྥࡀ୍

⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ࠕ௚⮬ᕫࠖࡢ⩦ᚓࡣ⡆༢࡛

࠶ࡿ࡜♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡣࠕ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ

⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡢ➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓ࡟࠾࠸࡚ẕㄒࡢᙳ 㡪ࡀほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠖ࡜࠸࠺⾲

2

ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜▩┪

ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ␲ၥⅬࡣ⥲ྜ⪃ᐹ࡟࠾࠸࡚᪥ᮏㄒ

↷ᛂ⾲⌧ࡢ⩦ᚓ⤖ᯝ࡜⥲ྜⓗ࡟㆟ㄽࡍࡿࠋ

3 ୰ᅜㄒࠕԆ⮬ᕫࠖ

㸦ᇙࡵ㎸ࡳᩥ㸧ࡢ⩦ᚓ⤖ᯝ

C J

J

J

E

E

E

1.19 1.41 1.25 1.09 1.62 1.51 1.54 0.63 0.95 0.76 1.04 0.89 0.60 0.88

2.60 2.09 2.02 2.13 2.15 1.97 2.25 0.41 0.84 0.82 0.93 0.76 0.67 0.80 a a

ㄪᰝᩥ (13) ࡢࡼ࠺࡞஧㔜┠ⓗㄒᩥࡢࠕ⮬ᕫࠖࡣ

୺ㄒࡔࡅඛ⾜モ࡟࡞ࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥࡣ᪥ᮏ ㄒࡢࠕ⮬ศࠖ࡜ྠࡌ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ⱥㄒࡢ

himself

࡜ ␗ ࡞ ࡿ ᣺ ࡿ ⯙ ࠸ ࢆ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋ ⱥ ㄒ ࡢ

himself

ࡢሙྜ㸪୺ㄒ࡜┠ⓗㄒ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ඛ⾜モ࡟࡞

ࢀࡿࠋ⾲

4

ࡣㄪᰝᩥ (13) ࡢࡼ࠺࡞஧㔜┠ⓗㄒᩥࡢ ࠕ⮬ᕫࠖࡢ⩦ᚓ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

4 ୰ᅜㄒࠕ⮬ᕫࠖ㸦஧㔜┠ⓗㄒᩥ㸧ࡢ⩦ᚓ⤖ᯝ

C J

ึ J୰ Jୖ Eึ E୰ E

2.96 2.80 2.60 2.73 2.42 2.41 2.65 0.09 0.34 0.42 0.35 0.58 0.53 0.43 ab c ac b

0.68 0.49 0.78 0.77 1.49 1.30 1.19 0.50 0.47 0.44 0.60 0.82 0.70 0.73

ab cde f g acfg bd e

ࠕ୺ㄒࠖ࡜ࠕ┠ⓗㄒࠖࡢ㑅ᢥ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ㸪᪥ᮏㄒẕ

ㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒึ⣭࣭୰⣭࣭ୖ⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅࡜୰ᅜㄒẕㄒ ヰ⪅ࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟⤫ィⓗ࡟᭷ព࡞ᕪࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ

♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡀ ᇙࡵ㎸ࡳᩥࡢࠕ⮬ᕫࠖࡼࡾᐜ᫆࡟஧㔜┠ⓗㄒᩥࡢ ࠕ⮬ᕫࠖࢆ⩦ᚓࡋࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ

ࠕ୺ㄒࠖ࡜ࠕ┠ⓗㄒࠖࡢ㑅ᢥ࡛ࡣ㸪ⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅

୰ᅜㄒึ⣭࣭୰⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅࡜୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅ࡢᚓⅬ ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞ᕪࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡓࡀ㸪ⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅ୖ

⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅࡜୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞ᕪࡣ☜ㄆ ࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡼࡗ࡚㸪ⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅

ึ⣭࣭୰⣭࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡣࠕ⮬ᕫࠖ㸦஧㔜┠ⓗㄒᩥ㸧ࡢ ඛ⾜モᣦྥࢆ㌟࡟ࡘࡅ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ୖ⣭ࣞ࣋ࣝ࡟

࡞ࡿ࡜㸪⩦ᚓࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋⱥㄒẕㄒヰ

⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡢሙྜࡣ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ

⩦⪅࡜ྠࡌࡃ㸪ᇙࡵ㎸ࡳᩥࡢࠕ⮬ᕫࠖࡼࡾᐜ᫆࡟஧

㔜┠ⓗㄒᩥࡢࠕ⮬ᕫࠖࢆ⩦ᚓࡋࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࠕ୺ㄒࠖࡢ㑅ᢥ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ㸪᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒ

ึ⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅࡜ⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒึ⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡢ㛫

࡟᭷ពᕪࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࠕ┠ⓗㄒࠖࡢ㑅ᢥ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡣ㸪ⱥ ㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡢ࡯࠺ࡀ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅

୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡼࡾ್ࡣ㧗࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡑࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿

ࡽ㸪୰ᅜㄒࠕ⮬ᕫࠖ㸦஧㔜┠ⓗㄒᩥ㸧ࡢᏛ⩦࡟࠾࠸

࡚㸪᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅ࡢ࡯࠺ࡀⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅ࡼࡾᐜ

᫆࡟⩦ᚓࡋࡓ࡜♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪᪥ᮏㄒẕ ㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡢሙྜ㸪ẕㄒࡢᙳ㡪࡛ࠕ⮬ᕫࠖ

㸦஧㔜┠ⓗㄒᩥ㸧ࡢ⩦ᚓࢆಁ㐍ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ

ࢀࡶࠕ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡢ➨஧ゝㄒ⩦

ᚓ࡟࠾࠸࡚ẕㄒࡢᙳ㡪ࡀほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠖ࡜࠸

࠺⾲

2

ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜▩┪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⾲

3

࡜ྠࡌࡃ㸪ࡇ ࡢ␲ၥⅬࡣ⥲ྜ⪃ᐹ࡟࠾࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡍࡿࠋ

ⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡢሙྜ㸪ୖ⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅

ࡣึ⣭࣭୰⣭ࡢࣞ࣋ࣝࡼࡾࠕ⮬ᕫࠖࢆ⩦ᚓࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ

࠿ࡽ㸪ẕㄒࡢᖸ΅ࡣึ⣭࣭୰⣭ࣞ࣋ࣝ࡟㜼ᐖࡋ㸪ୖ

⣭ࣞ࣋ࣝ࡟ࡣ㜼ᐖࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡘ

ࡲࡾ㸪ࠕ⮬ᕫࠖ㸦஧㔜┠ⓗㄒᩥ㸧ࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥࢆ㌟࡟

ࡘࡅࡓ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ

ㄪᰝᩥ (13) ࡢࠕ⮬ᕫࠖࡣㄪᰝᩥ (14) ࡢࡼ࠺࡟

ࠕ௚⮬ᕫࠖ࡟ኚࢃࡿ࡜㸪ඛ⾜モᣦྥࡣ᪥ᮏㄒࡶⱥㄒ

ࡶ୰ᅜㄒ࡜ྠࡌࡃ㸪୺ㄒ࡜┠ⓗㄒࡣ඲㒊ྍ⬟࡟࡞

ࡿࠋ࡛ࡣ㸪୧ゝㄒࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢᏛ⩦⪅ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ࡝࠺࡞

ࡿ࠿ࠋ⾲

5

ࡣࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

(9)

5 ୰ᅜㄒࠕԆ⮬ᕫࠖ

㸦஧㔜┠ⓗㄒᩥ㸧ࡢ⩦ᚓ⤖ᯝ

C J

ึ J୰ Jୖ Eึ E୰ E

2.77 2.52 2.28 2.58 2.21 2.51 2.19 0.31 0.58 0.54 0.72 0.64 0.42 0.78 a a

2.14 0.94 1.25 0.89 1.89 1.30 1.66 0.57 0.72 0.60 0.86 0.81 0.71 0.70

abcd aef b cgh eg d fh

ㄪᰝᩥ (13) ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ẚ࡭ࡿ࡜㸪ࠕ⮬ᕫࠖ࠿ࡽࠕ௚

⮬ᕫࠖ࡟ኚࢃࡗࡓㄪᰝᩥ (14) ࡛ࡣ㸪୺ㄒࡢ㑅ᢥࡣ

┦ኚࢃࡽࡎ㧗࠸್ࢆ⥔ᣢࡋ㸪┠ⓗㄒࡢ㑅ᢥࡶᑡࡋ

ୖࡀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜ ㄒึ⣭࣭୰⣭࣭ୖ⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡢሙྜ㸪୺ㄒࡢ㑅ᢥ࡟࠾

࠸࡚୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞ᕪࡣ࡞࠸࡟ࡶ

࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎ㸪┠ⓗㄒࡢ㑅ᢥ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ

⪅ࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞ᕪࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅

ࡀ᪥ᮏㄒࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡎ࡟୰ᅜㄒࠕԆ⮬ᕫࠖ㸦஧㔜

┠ⓗㄒᩥ㸧ࡢ⩦ᚓࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒึ⣭࣭୰⣭࣭ୖ⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡢሙ

ྜ㸪୺ㄒࡢ㑅ᢥ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅ึ⣭୰ᅜㄒ Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡢ࡯࠺ࡀ୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅ࡼࡾᚓⅬࡀ᭷ព࡟

ప࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ┠ⓗㄒࡢ㑅ᢥ࡟࠾࠸࡚

ࡣ㸪ⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒୖ⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡢᚓⅬࡀ᪥ᮏ ㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒୖ⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡼࡾ㧗ࡃ㸪୰ᅜㄒẕ ㄒヰ⪅࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞ᕪࡣ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪 ⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅ࡢ࡯࠺ࡀ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅ࡼࡾᐜ᫆࡟

୰ᅜㄒࠕԆ⮬ᕫࠖ㸦஧㔜┠ⓗㄒᩥ㸧ࢆ⩦ᚓࡋࡓ࡜ぢ

࠼ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒୖ⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡢ┠

ⓗㄒ㑅ᢥࡀ

1.66

࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࠕࡓࡪࢇ࡛ࡁࡿࠖ࡜ࠕࡓࡪ

ࢇ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠖࡢ㛫࡛࠶ࡾ㸪᏶඲࡟ࠕԆ⮬ᕫࠖ㸦஧㔜

┠ⓗㄒᩥ㸧ࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥࢆ㌟࡟ࡘࡅࡓ࡜ࡣゝ࠸࡟

ࡃ࠸ࠋ

୰ᅜㄒࠕԆ⮬ᕫࠖ㸦஧㔜┠ⓗㄒᩥ㸧࡜ྠࡌඛ⾜モ ᣦྥࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅࡜

ⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡀ࡜ࡶ࡟ẕㄒࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ

ཷࡅࡎ㸪஧㔜┠ⓗㄒᩥࡢ୰ᅜㄒࠕԆ⮬ᕫࠖࡢ⩦ᚓࡀ 㞴ࡋ࠸࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪ⱥㄒẕㄒ ヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡢ⾲

2, 3, 4

⤖ᯝ㸪ࡘࡲࡾ㸪ⱥㄒ ࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥ࡜୍⮴ࡍࡿሙྜ㸪⩦ᚓࢆಁ㐍ࡋ㸪୍⮴

ࡋ࡞࠸ሙྜ㸪⩦ᚓࢆ㜼ᐖࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝ࡜▩┪ࡍ

ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡢ

▩┪⤖ᯝ࡜ྠࡌࡃ㸪⥲ྜ⪃ᐹ࡟࠾࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡍࡿࠋ

4.3. ୰ᅜㄒ↷ᛂ⾲⌧➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓ⤖ᯝࡢࡲ࡜ࡵ

୰ᅜㄒ↷ᛂ⾲⌧➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓࡢㄪᰝࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㸪 ௨ୗࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ

ձ ୰ᅜㄒ↷ᛂ⾲⌧ࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥ࡜ྠࡌ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸

ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᏛ⩦㡯┠࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪⩦ᚓࡀᐜ᫆ࡔ࡜ண  ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࡼࡾண ㏻ࡾ⩦ᚓࡀᐜ

࡛᫆࠶ࡿᏛ⩦㡯┠ࡶ࠶ࡾ㸪ண ࡜␗࡞ࡾᏛ⩦ࡀᐜ

࡛᫆ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓᏛ⩦㡯┠ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ

a.

ண ㏻ࡾᐜ࡛᫆࠶ࡿᏛ⩦㡯┠ࡣୗグࡢࡼ࠺࡛࠶

ࡿࠋ

࣭᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡢࠕ⮬ᕫࠖ㸦஧㔜┠

ⓗㄒᩥ㸧Ꮫ⩦

࣭᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡢࠕԆ⮬ᕫࠖ㸦ᇙࡵ

㎸ࡳᩥ㸧Ꮫ⩦

࣭ⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡢࠕԆ⮬ᕫࠖ㸦ᇙࡵ㎸

ࡳᩥ㸧Ꮫ⩦

b.

ண ࡜␗࡞ࡾᐜ࡛᫆ࡣ࡞࠸Ꮫ⩦㡯┠ࡣୗグࡢࡼ

࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

࣭᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡢࠕ⮬ᕫࠖ㸦ᇙࡵ㎸

ࡳᩥ㸧Ꮫ⩦

࣭᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡢࠕԆ⮬ᕫࠖ㸦஧㔜

┠ⓗㄒᩥ㸧Ꮫ⩦

࣭ⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡢࠕԆ⮬ᕫࠖ㸦஧㔜┠

ⓗㄒᩥ㸧Ꮫ⩦

ղ ୰ᅜㄒ↷ᛂ⾲⌧ࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥ࡜␗࡞ࡿ᣺ࡿ⯙

࠸ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᏛ⩦㡯┠࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪⩦ᚓࡀᐜ࡛᫆ࡣ

࡞࠸࡜ண ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ண ㏻ࡾ⩦ᚓࡀᐜ࡛᫆

ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓᏛ⩦㡯┠ࡶ࠶ࡾ㸪ண ࡜␗࡞ࡾᏛ⩦ࡀ ᐜ࡛᫆࠶ࡿᏛ⩦㡯┠ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ

a.

ண ㏻ࡾᐜ࡛᫆࠶ࡿᏛ⩦㡯┠ࡣୗグࡢࡼ࠺࡛࠶

ࡿࠋ

࣭ⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡢࠕ⮬ᕫࠖ㸦஧㔜┠ⓗ

ㄒᩥ㸧Ꮫ⩦

(10)

b.

ண ࡜␗࡞ࡾᐜ࡛᫆ࡣ࡞࠸Ꮫ⩦㡯┠ࡣୗグࡢࡼ

࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

࣭ⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡢࠕ⮬ᕫࠖ㸦ᇙࡵ㎸ࡳ

ᩥ㸧Ꮫ⩦

௨ୖࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ㸪ḟࡢ␲ၥⅬࡀ‪࠸࡚ࡃࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ ẕㄒࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚⩦ᚓࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿ⤖ᯝ㸪ẕㄒࡢ ᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡎ⩦ᚓࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸⤖ᯝ㸪ẕㄒࡢᖸ΅࡟ࡼ

ࡾ⩦ᚓࢆ㜼ᐖࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪ẕㄒࡢᖸ΅ࡣ⩦ᚓࢆ㜼ᐖ ࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡞▩┪ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࡀ

⌧ࢀࡓࡢ࠿㸽

௨ୖࡢ␲ၥⅬࢆᣢࡗ࡚㸪୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒ Ꮫ⩦⪅࡜ⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡟㸪᪥

ᮏㄒ↷ᛂ⾲⌧ࡢ➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓࡣ࡝࠺࠸࠺⤖ᯝ࡟࡞

ࡿ࠿ࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓࠋ

5.

᪥ᮏㄒ↷ᛂ⾲⌧➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓㄪᰝ

5.1. ㄪᰝᩥ

ㄪᰝᩥࢆసᡂࡍࡿ㝿࡟㸪୰ᅜㄒ↷ᛂ⾲⌧⩦ᚓㄪ ᰝᩥ࡜ྠࡌࡃ㸪ึ⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅ࢆ㓄៖ࡋ㸪⡆༢࡞ㄪᰝᩥ㸪

࠿ࡘ᣺ࡾ௬ྡࢆ௜ࡅࡓࡶࡢࢆసᡂࡋࡓ㸦㈨ᩱ

2㸧

ㄪᰝᩥࡣୗグࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᅄࡘࡢᩥᆺ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩥᆺ

1

ඛ⾜モ࡜ࡋ࡚㛗㊥㞳୺ㄒ࡜㏆㊥㞳୺ㄒࢆ࡜ࡶ࡟チ ࡍࠕ⮬ศࠖ㸪ᩥᆺ

2

ࡣඛ⾜モ࡜ࡋ࡚㏆㊥㞳୺ㄒࡔࡅ チࡍࠕᙼ⮬㌟ࠖ㸪ᩥᆺ

3

ࡣඛ⾜モ࡜ࡋ࡚୺ㄒࡔࡅチ ࡍࠕ⮬ศࠖ㸪ᩥᆺ

4

ࡣඛ⾜モ࡜ࡋ࡚୺ㄒ࡜┠ⓗㄒࢆ

࡜ࡶ࡟チࡍࠕᙼ⮬㌟࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ

(15)

ᩥᆺ

1㸸

ࠕ⮬ศࠖᇙࡵ㎸ࡳᩥ

ࡉࡃࡽࡣ ࡅࢇࡀ ⮬ศ

ࡌ ࡪ ࢇ

࡟ ⮬ಙ

ࡌ ࡋ ࢇ

ࡀ࡞࠸ ࡜ᛮ

࠾ࡶ

ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕ⮬ศࡌ ࡪ ࢇࠖࡣㄡࡔࢀࢆᣦࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍ࠿㸽

⤯ ᑐ

ࡐࡗࡓ࠸

ࡑ࠺ࡔ(100%)ࡓࡪࢇࡑ࠺ࡔ ࡓࡪࢇࡕࡀ࠺ ⤯ ᑐ

ࡐࡗࡓ࠸

ࡕࡀ࠺(0%)

ࠕࡉࡃࡽ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶ࠿ ࡢ ࠺ ࡏ ࠸

[A] [B] [C] [D]

ࠕࡅࢇ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶ࠿ ࡢ ࠺ ࡏ ࠸

[A] [B] [C] [D]

(16)

ᩥᆺ

2㸸

ࠕᙼ⮬㌟ࠖᇙࡵ㎸ࡳᩥ

ࡓ࠿ࡋࡣ ࡓࢁ࠺ࡀ ᙼ࠿ࢀ⮬㌟ࡌ ࡋ ࢇ࡟ ⮬ಙࡌ ࡋ ࢇࡀ࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠾ࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕᙼ࠿ࢀ⮬㌟ࡌ ࡋ ࢇࠖࡣㄡࡔࢀࢆᣦࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍ࠿㸽

⤯ ᑐ

ࡐࡗࡓ࠸

ࡑ࠺ࡔ(100%)ࡓࡪࢇࡑ࠺ࡔ ࡓࡪࢇࡕࡀ࠺ ⤯ ᑐ

ࡐࡗࡓ࠸

ࡕࡀ࠺(0%)

ࠕࡓ࠿ࡋ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶ࠿ ࡢ ࠺ ࡏ ࠸

[A] [B] [C] [D]

ࠕࡓࢁ࠺࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶ࠿ ࡢ ࠺ ࡏ ࠸

[A] [B] [C] [D]

(17)

ᩥᆺ

3㸸

ࠕ⮬ศࠖ஧㔜┠ⓗㄒᩥ

ࡉࡃࡽࡣ ࡣ࡞ࡇ࡟ ⮬ศࡌ ࡪ ࢇࡢ෗┿ࡋࡷࡋࢇࢆ ㏦࠾ࡃࡗࡓࠋ ࠕ⮬ศࡌ ࡪ ࢇࠖࡣㄡࡔࢀࢆᣦࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍ࠿㸽

⤯ ᑐ

ࡐࡗࡓ࠸

ࡑ࠺ࡔ(100%)ࡓࡪࢇࡑ࠺ࡔ ࡓࡪࢇࡕࡀ࠺ ⤯ ᑐ

ࡐࡗࡓ࠸

ࡕࡀ࠺(0%)

ࠕࡉࡃࡽ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶ࠿ ࡢ ࠺ ࡏ ࠸

[A] [B] [C] [D]

ࠕࡣ࡞ࡇ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶ࠿ ࡢ ࠺ ࡏ ࠸

[A] [B] [C] [D]

(18)

ᩥᆺ

4㸸

ࠕᙼ⮬㌟ࠖ஧㔜┠ⓗㄒᩥ

ࡅࢇࡣ ࡓࢁ࠺࡟ ᙼ࠿ࢀ⮬㌟ࡌ ࡋ ࢇࡢ෗┿ࡋࡷࡋࢇࢆ ㏦࠾ࡃࡗࡓࠋ ࠕᙼ࠿ࢀ⮬㌟ࡌ ࡋ ࢇࠖࡣㄡࡔࢀࢆᣦࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍ࠿㸽

⤯ ᑐ

ࡐࡗࡓ࠸

ࡑ࠺ࡔ(100%)ࡓࡪࢇࡑ࠺ࡔ ࡓࡪࢇࡕࡀ࠺ ⤯ ᑐ

ࡐࡗࡓ࠸

ࡕࡀ࠺(0%)

ࠕࡅࢇ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶ࠿ ࡢ ࠺ ࡏ ࠸

[A] [B] [C] [D]

ࠕࡓࢁ࠺࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶ࠿ ࡢ ࠺ ࡏ ࠸

[A] [B] [C] [D]

(15)

ࡣ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࢆྵࡴᇙࡵ㎸ࡳᩥ࡛㸪㉁

ၥࡀ஧ࡘ࠶ࡿࠋ୍ࡘࡣࠕ⮬ศࠖࡣ㐲㊥㞳୺ㄒࠕࡉࡃ

ࡽࠖࢆᣦࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ၥ࠸࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᅇ⟅

⪅࡟ࠕ⤯ᑐࡑ࠺ࡔࠖࡣ [A]㸪ࠕࡓࡪࢇࡑ࠺ࡔࠖࡣ [B]㸪 ࠕࡓࡪࢇࡕࡀ࠺ࠖࡣ [C]㸪ࠕ⤯ᑐࡕࡀ࠺ࠖࡣ [D] ࡢ

୍ࡘࢆ㑅ᢥࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࠋࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢ㉁ၥࡣࠕ⮬ศࠖ

ࡣ㏆㊥㞳୺ㄒࠕࡅࢇࠖࢆᣦࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺

ၥ࠸࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ྠࡌᇶ‽࡛ᅇ⟅⪅࡟ [A]㸪[B]㸪[C]㸪

[D]

࠿ࡽ୍ࡘ㑅ᢥࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࠋ

(16)

ࡣ᪥ᮏㄒࠕᙼ⮬

㌟ࠖࢆྵࡴᇙࡵ㎸ࡳᩥ㸪

(17)

ࡣࠕ⮬ศࠖࢆྵࡴ஧㔜

┠ⓗㄒᩥ࡛㸪(18) ࡣࠕᙼ⮬㌟ࠖࢆྵࡴ஧㔜┠ⓗㄒ

ᩥ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪(15) ࡜ྠࡌࡃ㸪㉁ၥࡀ஧ࡘ࠶ࡾ㸪ᅇ⟅

⪅࡟ [A], [B], [C], [D] ࠿ࡽ୍ࡘࡢᅇ⟅ࢆ㑅ᢥࡋ࡚

ࡶࡽ࠺ࠋㄪᰝᩥࡣ (15) - (18) ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᩥࢆ

4

ࢭࢵ

ࢺ㸪ྜィ

16

ᩥ㸪ࢲ࣑࣮ᩥࢆ

8

ᩥ㸪ྜィ

24

ᩥࢆ⏝

ពࡋࡓࠋྛᩥࡣࣛࣥࢲ࣒࡟ᥦ♧ࡋࡓࠋ

༠ຊ⪅ࡣ୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒึ⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅

20

ྡ㸪 ⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒึ⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅

16

ྡ㸦኱Ꮫ࡛୰ᅜ

ㄒᏛ⩦Ṕ

1 - 2

ᖺ㸧࡜㸪୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒ୰⣭

(11)

Ꮫ⩦⪅

20

ྡ㸪ⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒ୰⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅

16

ྡ㸦኱Ꮫ࡛୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦Ṕ

3 - 4

ᖺ㸧࡜㸪୰ᅜㄒẕㄒ ヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒୖ⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅

20

ྡ㸪ⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒ

ୖ⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅

15

ྡ㸦኱Ꮫ࡛୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦Ṕ

4

ᖺ௨ୖ㸧

࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅

42

ྡ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋྛ༠ຊ⪅࡟ࡣㅰ♩㔠

ࢆᨭᡶࡗࡓࠋ

5.2. ⤖ᯝ࡜ศᯒ

ࠕ⤯ᑐࡑ࠺ࡔࠖࡢᅇ⟅ࡣ

3㸪

ࠕࡓࡪࢇࡑ࠺ࡔࠖࡢᅇ

⟅ࡣ

2㸪

ࠕࡓࡪࢇࡕࡀ࠺ࠖࡢᅇ⟅ࡣ

1㸪

ࠕ⤯ᑐࡕࡀ࠺ࠖ

ࡢᅇ⟅ࡣ

0

࡛グධࡋࡓࠋ3ࡣ⤯ᑐ࡟᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖ

࡜ࠕᙼ⮬㌟ࠖࡢඛ⾜モ࡟࡞ࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪

0

ࡣ⤯ᑐ࡟᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖ࡜ࠕᙼ⮬㌟ࠖࡢඛ⾜モ࡟

࡞ࢀ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ศᩓศᯒࡣ㸪ศᯒᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࡢྛࢢ࣮ࣝ

ࣉ࡟➼ศᩓࡀ௬ᐃࡉࢀࡿሙྜ࡟ࡣ

Tukey

HSD

ἲ㸪

➼ศᩓࡀ௬ᐃࡉࢀ࡞࠸ሙྜ࡟ࡣ

Games-Howell

ࡢከ㔜ẚ㍑ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋศᯒ࡟ࡣ

SPSS Statistics Base 25

ࢆ⏝࠸࡚⾜ࡗࡓࠋ

6

ࡣㄪᰝᩥ (15) ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᇙࡵ㎸ࡳᩥࡢ᪥ᮏ ㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢ⩦ᚓ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

6 ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖ㸦ᇙࡵ㎸ࡳᩥ㸧ࡢ⩦ᚓ⤖ᯝ

J C

ึ C୰ Cୖ Eึ E୰ E

2.08 1.65 2.03 2.30 1.64 1.39 1.52 0.39 0.70 0.49 0.38 0.71 0.64 0.76

a b c bdef d ace f

2.10 2.06 1.71 2.04 1.81 1.97 1.78 0.28 0.50 0.50 0.49 0.67 0.54 0.77

ͤ

J

ࡣ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅㸪

C

ึࡣ୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒ

ึ⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅㸪

C

୰ࡣ୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒ୰⣭Ꮫ⩦

⪅㸪

C

ୖࡣ୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒୖ⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅㸪

E

ࡣⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒึ⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅㸪

E

୰ࡣⱥㄒẕㄒ ヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒ୰⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅㸪

E

ୖࡣⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒ

ୖ⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅ࢆ⾲ࡍࠋ㸦௨ୗ┬␎㸧

᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࢆྵࡴᇙࡵ㎸ࡳᩥࡢሙྜ㸪㐲㊥㞳

୺ㄒ࡜㏆㊥㞳୺ㄒࡀ࡜ࡶ࡟ࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢඛ⾜モ࡜࡞ࡿ

ࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୰ᅜㄒࠕ⮬ᕫࠖࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥࡣ

᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖ࡜ྠࡌ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡶࡋẕㄒࡢ㌿⛣

ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤ㸪୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡀ⡆༢࡟

᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࢆ⩦ᚓ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ண ࡋࡓࠋ

6

ࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ㸪㏆㊥㞳୺ㄒࡢ㑅ᢥ࡟࠾࠸࡚ྛ

ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢ㛫࡟᭷ពᕪࡀほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㐲㊥

㞳୺ㄒࡢ㑅ᢥ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒᏛ

⩦⪅ୖ⣭ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ್ࡣ୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦

⪅ึ⣭ࣞ࣋ࣝࡼࡾ᭷ព࡟㧗࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪୰ᅜㄒẕ ㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦⪅ୖ⣭ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ್ࡣⱥㄒẕㄒヰ

⪅᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦⪅ྛࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡼࡾࡶ㧗࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡘࡲ

ࡾ㸪୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒୖ⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡣࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢ ඛ⾜モ࡜ࡋ࡚㐲㊥㞳୺ㄒࢆཷࡅྲྀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ࡜

࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏ ㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡀ㸪᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࣞ࣋ࣝࡀୖࡀࡿ࡟ࡘࢀ

ࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ࡜

ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪ⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡀࠕ⮬ศࠖ

ࡢඛ⾜モ࡜ࡋ࡚㐲㊥㞳୺ㄒࡢᐜㄆᗘࡀప࠸ࡇ࡜࠿

ࡽ㸪᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖ㸦ᇙࡵ㎸ࡳᩥ㸧ࡢ⩦ᚓࡀⱥㄒẕ ㄒヰ⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㞴ࡋ࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋⱥ ㄒẕㄒࡢᖸ΅࡟ࡼࡾ㸪᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖ㸦ᇙࡵ㎸ࡳᩥ㸧 ࡢ⩦ᚓࢆ㜼ᐖࡋࡓ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ

ࡶࡋ୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡀẕㄒ୰ᅜㄒ ࡢ㌿⛣࡟ࡼࡾ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢඛ⾜モࢆุ᩿ࡋ࡚࠸

ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ึ⣭ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢᏛ⩦⪅࡛ࡶ㐲㊥㞳୺ㄒࢆ

㑅ᢥࡍࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ึ⣭ࣞ࣋ࣝᏛ⩦⪅ࡢ 㐲㊥㞳୺ㄒ㑅ᢥࡀᑡ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ẕㄒ୰ᅜ ㄒࡢ㌿⛣ࡣ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

(15)

ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄪᰝᩥࡢࠕ⮬ศࠖࡣㄪᰝᩥ (16) ࡢ

ࡼ࠺࡟ࠕᙼ⮬㌟ࠖ࡟ኚࢃࡿ࡜㸪ࠕᙼ⮬㌟ࠖࡢඛ⾜モ

࡜ࡋ࡚㏆㊥㞳୺ㄒࡔࡅチࡍࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋᇙࡵ㎸ࡳ

ᩥ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪୰ᅜㄒࠕԆ⮬ᕫࠖ࡜ⱥㄒ

himself

ࡢඛ

⾜モᣦྥࡣ᪥ᮏㄒࡢࠕᙼ⮬㌟ࠖ࡜ྠࡌ㸪㏆㊥㞳୺ㄒ

ࢆඛ⾜モ࡜ࡋ࡚ጇᙜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡶࡋẕㄒࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷ

ࡅࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪୧Ꮫ⩦ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡣᐜ᫆࡟᪥ᮏㄒࡢࠕᙼ

⮬㌟ࠖࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⾲

7

ࡣ୧Ꮫ⩦ࢢࣝ

࣮ࣉࡢ⩦ᚓ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

7

ࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ㸪୧Ꮫ⩦ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡣࠕᙼ⮬㌟ࠖ

ࡢඛ⾜モ࡜ࡋ࡚㏆㊥㞳୺ㄒࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿ್ࡀ⾲

6

ࡾୖࡀࡾ㸪㐲㊥㞳୺ㄒࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿ್ࡣప࠿ࡗࡓࠋ୰

ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒึ⣭࣭୰⣭࣭ୖ⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅㸪ⱥㄒ ẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒึ⣭࣭୰⣭࣭ୖ⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅࡜᪥ᮏㄒẕ ㄒヰ⪅ࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟⤫ィⓗ࡟᭷ព࡞ᕪࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜

参照

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