[論説] 被災者体験談のコーディングによる津波避難心理・行動分析手法の提案 −1944 年東南海地震を事例に−

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(1)Ṕྐᆅ㟈 ➨ 29 ྕ䠄2014䠅㻌 173-182 㡫 ཷ௜᪥㻌 2014/01/19䠈㻌 ཷ⌮᪥㻌 2014/06/26. ⿕⅏⪅య㦂ㄯ䛾䝁䞊䝕䜱䞁䜾䛻䜘䜛ὠἼ㑊㞴ᚰ⌮䞉⾜ືศᯒᡭἲ䛾ᥦ᱌ 䠉1944 ᖺᮾ༡ᾏᆅ㟈䜢஦౛䛻䠉 රᗜ┴❧኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔㻌 ⎔ቃே㛫Ꮫ◊✲⛉*㻌 ཭Ᏻ㻌 ⯟ኴ, ᮌᮧ㻌 ⋹Ḣ. Proposing Analysis Method of Psychology and Behavior about Tsunami Evacuation Using Victims’ Experiences Recorded in Qualitative Data: Application to the 1944 Tonankai Earthquake Kota TOMOYASU, Reo KIMURA Graduate School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo 1-1-12, Shinzaike-honcho, Himeji-shi, Hyogo 670-0092, Japan Appropriate evacuation is the most effective way to reduce the loss of lives by tsunami. Clarifying human psychology and behaviors about tsunami evacuation is the important issue. We believe that quantitative analysis of victims’ experiences is required. However, there are not enough cases to analyze because large tsunami occurrence is low frequency. We propose the analysis method of psychology and behavior about tsunami evacuation using victims’ experiences recorded in qualitative story data. Victims’ experiences teach a lot of knowledge and lessons, but it is difficult to be used in statistical analysis. Therefore, we convert victims’ experiences to quantitative data for statistical analysis. In this paper, we clarified the factors that promote or inhibit appropriate evacuation by our proposed method using experiences of the 1944 Tonankai Earthquake in Japan. We extracted three factors. Encouraging evacuation by some neighbors strongly promoted commencement of evacuation. Starting evacuation immediately was the most important factor to save lives. On the other hand, detour on the way to the evacuation site, and doing preparation for evacuation terribly inhibited efficient evacuation. These results showed availability of our proposed method and effective use of victims’ experiences. Keywords: Human Psychology and Behavior, Determinants of Tsunami Evacuation, Statistical Analysis of Victims’ Experience Stories 㼲㻝㻚㻌䛿䛨䜑䛻㻌 1.1 ὠἼ㑊㞴⾜ືศᯒ䛻䛚䛡䜛య㦂ㄯ䛾㔜せᛶ㻌 ὠἼ䛻䜘䜛ேⓗ⿕ᐖ䛾ῶᑡ䛿䠈ᮾ᪥ᮏ኱㟈⅏௨ ๓䜘䜚䜟䛜ᅜ䛾㔜せ᪋⟇䛸䛧䛶఩⨨䛵䛡䜙䜜䛶䛔䛯䠊 2005 ᖺ 3 ᭶䠈୰ኸ㜵⅏఍㆟(2005a)䛿䠈኱ᆅ㟈䛾ே ⓗ⿕ᐖ䞉⤒῭⿕ᐖ䛻䛴䛔䛶㐩ᡂ᫬ᮇ䜢ྵ䜑䛯ලయⓗ ┠ᶆ䠄ῶ⅏┠ᶆ䠅䜢ᐃ䜑䛯䛂ᆅ㟈㜵⅏ᡓ␎䛃䜢⟇ᐃ䛧䛯䠊ᮾ༡ᾏ䞉༡ᾏᆅ㟈䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䛂௒ᚋ 10 ᖺ䛷Ṛ⪅ ᩘ䛸⤒῭⿕ᐖ㢠䜢༙ῶ䛥䛫䜛䛃䛸䛔䛖ῶ⅏┠ᶆ䛾ୗ䛻 ලయⓗ䛺ᩘ್┠ᶆ䜢ᐃ䜑䛯䠊䛣䛣䛷䛿≉䛻ே䚻䛾ὠ Ἴ㑊㞴ព㆑䛾ྥୖ䛻䜘䜛⿕ᐖ㍍ῶ䛻኱䛝䛺ᩘ್┠ ᶆ䛜タᐃ䛥䜜䛶䛔䛯䠊䜎䛯䠈2005 ᖺ 7 ᭶䛻䛿䛂㜵⅏ ᇶᮏィ⏬䛃䛜኱䛝䛟ಟṇ䛥䜜䠈䛭䛾୰䛻䛿䛂䝇䝬䝖䝷ᆅ 㟈ὠἼ䜢ᩍカ䛸䛧䛯ὠἼ㜵⅏ᑐ⟇䜢᥎㐍䛩䜛䛃䛸䛔䛖. ᩥゝ䜒ᤄධ䛥䜜䛯[୰ኸ㜵⅏఍㆟(2005b)]䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈 2011 ᖺ 3 ᭶ 11 ᪥䛻ᮾ໭ᆅ᪉ኴᖹὒἈ䜢㟈※䛸䛩䜛 ᆅ㟈䛜Ⓨ⏕䛧䠈ᆅ㟈䛸䛭䜜䛻క䛖ὠἼ䛻䜘䛳䛶䠈ᮾ໭ ᆅ᪉䜢୰ᚰ䛸䛧䛶⣙ 2 ୓ே䛜≛≅䜎䛯䛿⾜᪉୙᫂䛸䛺䛳䛯[ᾘ㜵ᗇ⅏ᐖᑐ⟇ᮏ㒊(2013)]䠊㐺ษ䛺㑊㞴⾜ ື䜢䛸䜜䜀ὠἼ⅏ᐖ䛻䜘䜛⿕ᐖ䛿኱䛝䛟పῶ䛷䛝䜛䛸䛔䜟䜜䛶䛔䜛䛜䠈ᐇ㝿䛻䛿ᮾ᪥ᮏ኱㟈⅏䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒㑊㞴䛾ពᛮỴᐃ䛜㐜䜜䜛䛣䛸䜔䠈ṇ䛧䛔㑊㞴⾜ື䜢⾜䛘䛺䛔䜿䞊䝇䛜ከ䚻䛒䛳䛯[ᮧ஭(2011)]䠊༡ᾏ䝖䝷䝣ᕧ኱ᆅ㟈䛾Ⓨ⏕ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜㧗䜎䜛 21 ୡ⣖๓༙䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈௒ᚋⓎ⏕䛩䜛ὠἼ䛻䜘䜛ேⓗ⿕ᐖ䜢పῶ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䠈㐺ษ䛺㑊㞴⾜ື䜢ಁ㐍䞉㜼ᐖ䛩䜛せᅉ䛾ศ ᯒ䛿୙ྍḞ䛷䛒䜛䠊㻌. 䛈670-0092 රᗜ┴ጲ㊰ᕷ᪂ᅾᐙᮏ⏫ 1-1-12 㻌㟁Ꮚ䝯䞊䝹: [email protected] *. - 173 -.

(2) ⾲ 1 ᮏ◊✲䛷䝁䞊䝕䜱䞁䜾䜢⾜䛳䛯 1944 ᖺᮾ༡ᾏᆅ㟈⿕⅏య㦂ㄯ䛾䝸䝇䝖 Table 1. Reference lists of victims experiences in 1944 Tonankai Earthquake 㻺㼛. Ⓨ⾜ᖺ ᭩ྡ ⴭ⪅ 㻝㻝㻥㻤㻠 ᫛࿴㻝㻥ᖺ㻝㻞᭶㻣᪥Ⓨ⏕ ᮾ༡ᾏᆅ㟈య㦂ㄯ ᑿ㮖ᕷ⥲ົㄢ㻞㻝㻥㻤㻥 ᮾ༡ᾏᆅ㟈ὠἼ䜘䜚㻠㻡ᖺ ᆅ㟈య㦂 ⣖ໃ⏫ 㻟㻝㻥㻥㻠 య㦂ㄯ䛸グ㘓㞟 ᫛࿴㻝㻥ᖺ㻝㻞᭶㻣᪥ᮾ༡ᾏᆅ㟈ὠἼ ᾏᒣ⏫㒓ᅵ㈨ᩱ㤋䞉ᾏᒣ㒓ᅵྐ◊✲఍ 㻠㻝㻥㻥㻡 ᮾ༡ᾏᆅ㟈య㦂ㄯ㞟䠄᫛࿴㻝㻥ᖺ㻝㻞᭶㻣᪥䠅 ᑿ㮖ᕷ❧୰ኸබẸ㤋㻡㻞㻜㻜㻜 ஧༑ୡ⣖䛾⮬↛⅏ᐖ グ㘓䛸㻝㻠㻡䛾ドゝ ᪧᅄ᪥ᕷ䜢ㄒ䜛఍ 㻢㻞㻜㻜㻜 ᛀ䜜䛺䛔䟿䛒䛾᪥䛾኱ὠἼ ᮾ༡ᾏᆅ㟈య㦂グ ༡ᓥ⏫ᩍ⫱᣺⯆఍㈨ᩱ䝉䞁䝍䞊㒊 ⦅ 㻣㻞㻜㻜㻝 ᮾ༡ᾏᆅ㟈య㦂ㄯ㞟 ᑿ㮖ᕷ❧▮὾බẸ㤋㻤㻞㻜㻜㻡 ᮾ༡ᾏ䞉༡ᾏᆅ㟈ㄅ ༡ໃ⏫ᩍ⫱ጤဨ఍ 㻥㻞㻜㻜㻣㻙㻞㻜㻜㻥 ᮾ༡ᾏᆅ㟈䛾⿕⅏ㄪᰝ㻔඲㻝㻟෉㻕 ྡྂᒇ኱Ꮫ⅏ᐖᑐ⟇ᐊ䠄ᮌᮧ⋹Ḣ䞉ᯘ⬟ᡂ䠅. 㻌 1.2.㻌 ᮏ◊✲䛾┠ⓗ 䛣䜜䜎䛷䛻䜒ὠἼ㑊㞴⾜ື䛾ศᯒ䛻㛵䛩䜛◊✲䛿䛔䛟䛴䛛⾜䜟䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊᪩ᕝ䞉௒ᮧ(2002)䛿ὠἼᖖく ᆅᇦ䜢ᑐ㇟䛻䠈ὠἼ᝿ᐃ᫬䛻䛚䛡䜛ᆅᇦ䛾ᖹᆒ㑊㞴⋡䛾ண 䝰䝕䝹䜢᳨ウ䛧䛯䠊䛣䛣䛷䛿ྛᆅᇦ䜢 1 䝃䞁䝥䝹䛸䛧䛶䛚䜚䠈ಶே䛾㑊㞴䛾ពᛮỴᐃ䞉⾜ື䜢 ᑐ㇟䛸䛧䛶䛔䛺䛔䠊᱓ἑ䞉௚(2006)䛿 2004 ᖺ䛻⣖ఀ ༙ᓥἈ䜢㟈※䛸䛧䛶Ⓨ⏕䛧䛯ᆅ㟈䛻䜘䜛ὠἼ㑊㞴䜢 ᑐ㇟䛻䠈㔠஭䞉∦⏣(2012䠈2013)䛿 2011 ᖺᮾ໭ኴᖹ ὒἈᆅ㟈䛻䜘䜛ὠἼ㑊㞴䜢ᑐ㇟䛸䛧䛶䠈ಶே䛾㑊㞴⾜ື䛻╔┠䛧䛯㉁ၥ⣬ㄪᰝ䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊䛣䜜䜙䛿䛂㑊㞴䛃䜢䛩䜛䛛䛧䛺䛔䛛⮬య䛾ពᛮỴᐃ䛻↔Ⅼ䜢䛧䜌䛳䛯ㄪᰝ䞉ศᯒ䛷䛒䜚䠈ពᛮỴᐃ䛾ᚋ䛻䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺⾜ື 䜢䛸䛳䛶㑊㞴䜢᏶஢䛧䛯䛾䛛䛸䛔䛖㑊㞴⾜ື䛾䝥䝻䝉䝇䜎䛷䜢ᑐ㇟䛸䛧䛶䛔䛺䛔䠊䜎䛯䠈㉁ၥ⣬䛻䜘䜛ㄪᰝ 䛿䠈㉁ၥ㡯┠䛻ᰂ㌾ᛶ䛜䛺䛔䛯䜑ಶே䛾㑊㞴ពᛮ Ỵᐃ䛻㛵䜟䜛せ⣲䛾⥙⨶ⓗ䛺ㄪᰝ䠈⿕⅏⪅䛾⾜ື 䛾ヲ⣽䛺⫼ᬒ䛾ᢕᥱ䜢⾜䛖䛣䛸䛿㞴䛧䛔䠊ᮏ◊✲䛿䠈 య㦂ㄯ䛛䜙ಶே䛾㑊㞴⾜ື䛾䝥䝻䝉䝇䜢ศᯒ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈㑊㞴䛾ពᛮỴᐃ䜔㐺ษ䛺㑊㞴⾜ື䛻ᙳ㡪䜢୚ 䛘䜛せᅉ䜢᫂䜙䛛䛻䛩䜛Ⅼ䛷䛣䜜䜙䛾◊✲䛸␗䛺䜛䠊 ᮏ◊✲䛷ᑐ㇟䛸䛩䜛ᆅ㟈ὠἼ⅏ᐖ䛿 1944 ᖺᮾ༡ ᾏᆅ㟈䛷䛒䜛䠊ᮏ◊✲䛷䛿䠈ᩥ❶䛸䛧䛶グ㏙䛥䜜䛯య 㦂ㄯ䜢䝁䞊䝕䜱䞁䜾䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷ᩘ್䝕䞊䝍໬䛧䠈⤫ィゎᯒ䜢㐺⏝䛩䜛ᡭἲ䜢ᥦ᱌䛩䜛䠊䝁䞊䝕䜱䞁䜾䛸䛿䠈 ⮬⏤ᅇ⟅䜔䜲䞁䝍䝡䝳䞊䛷䛾ᅇ⟅ෆᐜ䜢䜹䝔䝂䝸䞊 ู䛻䝁䞊䝗䜢๭䜚᣺䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈ᩥᏐ䝕䞊䝍䜢ᩘ್䝕䞊䝍䛻⨨䛝᥮䛘䜛సᴗ䛾䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䠊䝁䞊䝕䜱䞁䜾䛻䜘䜚䠈 ᩥᏐ䝕䞊䝍䛷䛒䜛య㦂ㄯ䛻⤫ィゎᯒ䜢⾜䛖䛣䛸䜢ྍ ⬟䛻䛩䜛䠊䛥䜙䛻䠈య㦂ㄯ䛷䛿య㦂ෆᐜ䛜ヲ㏙䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛯䜑䠈㉁ၥ⣬ㄪᰝ䛷䛿㞴䛧䛔⿕⅏⪅䛾⾜ື䛾 ⫼ᬒ䛾ᢕᥱ䠈⪃ᐹ䛜䛷䛝䜛䠊య㦂ㄯ䛾ᩘ್䝕䞊䝍໬ 䛿䠈༢䛻㑊㞴⾜ື䛾䝥䝻䝉䝇䜢ศᯒ䛷䛝䜛Ⅼ䛰䛡䛷䛺䛟䠈య㦂ㄯ䛾᪂䛯䛺ά⏝ἲ䛻䛴䛺䛜䜛䛸䛔䛖ព⩏䜢䜒䛴䠊ᮏㄽᩥ䛷䛿䠈1944 ᖺᮾ༡ᾏᆅ㟈䛻䛚䛡䜛య㦂ㄯ䜢䝁䞊䝕䜱䞁䜾䛧䠈䛭䛾ศᯒ⤖ᯝ䛛䜙ὠἼ㑊㞴ᚰ ⌮䞉⾜ື䛻䛴䛔䛶⪃ᐹ䛩䜛䠊䜎䛯ᮏ◊✲䛷䛾ᥦ᱌ᡭ ἲ䛾᭷⏝ᛶ䜔௒ᚋ䛾య㦂ㄯά⏝䛾䛒䜚᪉䛻䛴䛔䛶䜒 ᳨ウ䜢⾜䛖䠊. ᅗ 1 䝁䞊䝕䜱䞁䜾ᚋ䛾⿕⅏య㦂ㄯ䝕䞊䝍㻌䠄ᥖ㍕䛻䛒䛯䜚Ặྡ䜢ሬ䜚䛴䜆䛧䛶ຍᕤ䠅 Fig. 1. Coded data from victims experiences (some personal data were concealed) §2.㻌 1944 ᖺᮾ༡ᾏᆅ㟈䛻䛚䛡䜛య㦂ㄯ䛾䝁䞊䝗໬ 2.1㻌 1944 ᖺᮾ༡ᾏᆅ㟈 ᮏ◊✲䛷䛿䠈1944 ᖺ(᫛࿴ 19 ᖺ)12 ᭶ 7 ᪥䛾ᮾ༡ ᾏᆅ㟈䛻䜘䛳䛶Ⓨ⏕䛧䛯ὠἼ䛻ὀ┠䛧䛯䠊䛣䛾ὠἼ 䛿䠈ఀ㇋༙ᓥ䛛䜙⣖ఀ༙ᓥ䜎䛷䜢く䛳䛯䜒䛾䛷䠈Ώ ㎶(1998)䛻䜘䜛䛸䠈㟼ᒸ┴ୗ⏣ᕷᰠᓮ䛷䛿 2.5m䠈ឡ ▱┴୍Ⰽ⏫䛷䛿 1.5m䠈࿴ḷᒣ┴᪂ᐑᕷ䛷䛿 2.0m䡚 5.0m 䛾ὠἼ䛻く䜟䜜䛯䛜䠈᭱䜒㧗䛔ὠἼ䛻く䜟䜜䛯䛾䛿୕㔜┴䛷䛒䛳䛯䠊⌧ᅾ䛾ᑿ㮖ᕷ䛷䛿 2.7m䡚 9.0m䠄┒ᯇ䞉㈡⏣䠅䠈኱⣖⏫䠄㘊ᮧ䠅䛷䛿 7.0m䠈༡ఀໃ ⏫䛷䛿 5.5m䡚6.0m䠄ྜྷὠ䞉⚄⏫䠅䠈⇃㔝ᕷ䛷䛿 3.0m 䡚6.3m䠄஧ᮌᓥ䠅䠈⣖໭⏫䠄㛗ᓥ⏫䠅䛷䛿 4.0m 䛸䛔䛖 ὠἼ䛻く䜟䜜䛯䠊ὠἼ䛻䜘䜛୕㔜┴䛾Ṛ⪅䞉⾜᪉୙ ᫂⪅䛿 589 ྡ䠈࿴ḷᒣ┴䛾Ṛ⪅䞉⾜᪉୙᫂⪅䛿 50 ྡ䛻䛾䜌䛳䛯[Ᏹబ⨾(2003)]䠊 ➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓᮎᮇ䛾ሗ㐨⟶ไ䛻䜘䜚䠈㌷㟂㔜せ ⏘ᴗᆅ䛷䛒䛳䛯ᮾᾏᆅ᪉䛾⿕ᐖ䛿䠈㌷஦ᶵᐦ䛸䛧䛶 ฎ⌮䛥䜜䛯[୰᪥᪂⪺♫఍㒊(1983)䠈ᒣୗ(1986)]䠊䛭䛾䛯䜑⤌⧊ⓗ䛺⿕ᐖㄪᰝ䜢⾜䛖䛣䛸䛿䛷䛝䛪䛻䠈౛䛘. - 174 -.

(3) 䜀⩣᪥䛾ᮅ᪥᪂⪺䛷䛿䛂⿕ᐖഹᑡ䛃䛸䛔䛖䜟䛪䛛 3 ẁ 䛾グ஦䜢ᥖ㍕䛧䛯䛰䛡䛷䛒䛳䛯[ᮌᮧ(2004)䠈ᮌ⫤䞉 ௚(2005)]䠊ὠἼ⅏ᐖ䛾⿕⅏ᆅ䛻䛿䠈⿕⅏⪅䛻䜘䜛ὠ Ἴ䛾య㦂ㄯ䛜ከ䛟ṧ䛥䜜䜛䜒䛾䛰䛜䠈1944 ᖺᮾ༡ᾏ ᆅ㟈䛿䠈㐃⥆䛩䜛✵く䜔ᡓᚋ䛾ΰ஘ᮇ䞉㧗ᗘ⤒῭ᡂ 㛗ᮇ䛾୰䛷䠈⿕⅏య㦂䛿グ᠈䛾ዟᗏ䛻ᇙ䜒䜜䜛䛣䛸䛸䛺䜚䠈⿕⅏య㦂ㄯ䛜ㄒ䜙䜜ጞ䜑䛯䛾䛿ᡓᚋᩘ༑ᖺ 䛜⤒㐣䛧䛯ᚋ䛾䛣䛸䛷䛒䛳䛯䠊䛭䛾䛯䜑䠈⿕ᐖ䛾኱䛝䛥䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䠈⌧Ꮡ䛧䛶䛔䜛య㦂ㄯ㈨ᩱ䛿䛭䜜䜋䛹ከ䛟䛺䛛䛳䛯䠊䛭䛣䛷ᮌᮧ䠄2008䠅䛿䠈య㦂ㄯ䛛䜙ὠἼ㑊㞴䛾ᩍカ䜢ᢳฟ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䠈୕㔜┴㜵⅏༴ᶵ⟶⌮㒊ᆅ㟈ᑐ ⟇ᐊ䛾ዟ㔝┿⾜Ặ䠄2006 ᖺᗘᙜ᫬䠅䛾༠ຊ䛾䜒䛸䛻䠈 ྛᕷ⏫ᮧ䛾ᙺሙ䜒䛧䛟䛿ᅗ᭩㤋䞉බẸ㤋䛻↷఍䜢䛛䛡䛶㈨ᩱ䜢཰㞟䛧䛯䠊ᮏㄽᩥ䛷䛿ᮌᮧ䠄2008䠅䛜཰㞟䛧䛯య㦂ㄯ䜢୰ᚰ䛻䠈⾲ 1 䛻♧䛩ὠἼ䛻䜘䜛⿕ᐖ䛜 ⏒኱䛷䛒䛳䛯୕㔜┴䛻䛚䛡䜛య㦂ㄯ䜢ᑐ㇟䛸䛧䛯䠊 2.2 య㦂ㄯ䛾䝁䞊䝕䜱䞁䜾 య㦂ㄯ䛿⿕⅏⪅䛾ヲ⣽䛺㑊㞴䝥䝻䝉䝇䛜グ䛥䜜䛶䛚䜚䠈⅏ᐖ᫬䛾ே㛫ᚰ⌮䞉⾜ື䛾≉ᛶ䜢᫂䜙䛛䛻䛩䜛ᡭ䛜䛛䜚䛸䛺䜛䠊኱ὠἼ䛿ప㢖ᗘ஦㇟䛷䛒䜛䛯䜑䠈㑊㞴⾜ື䜢ศᯒ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛾஦౛䛿ከ䛟䛺䛔䠊䛭䛾䛯䜑䠈㐣ཤ䛾⅏ᐖ஦౛䜢㐺ษ䛺㑊㞴⾜ື䛾ᥦ᱌ 䛻䛴䛺䛢䜛䛯䜑䛻䠈⌧ᅾ䛻ṧ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛㈗㔜䛺య㦂ㄯ䜢䛒䜙䜖䜛᪉ἲ䜢䜒䛳䛶ᩍカ䛸䛧䛶᪼⳹䛧ά䛛䛧䛶䛔䛛䛺䛡䜜䜀䛺䜙䛺䛔䠊䛭䛣䛷ᮏ◊✲䛷䛿䠈䝁䞊䝕䜱䞁䜾䛻䜘䜛య㦂ㄯ䛾ᩘ್䝕䞊䝍໬䜢⾜䛔䠈⤫ィゎᯒ 䛾ᡭἲ䛻ᇶ䛵䛟ᐃ㔞ⓗ䛺ศᯒ䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊య㦂ㄯ䛿 ከ䛟䛾ᩍカ䜢ෆໟ䛩䜛㈨ᩱ䛷䛒䜛䛜䠈䛭䛾඲䛶䛜ᩥ Ꮠ䝕䞊䝍䛷䛒䜛䛯䜑䠈⤫ィゎᯒ䜢㐺⏝䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿⡆ ༢䛷䛿䛺䛔䠊య㦂ㄯ䛿䠈㏻ᖖ䛿䠈య㦂ㄯ㞟䛸䛧䛶ឤ ᝿ᩥ䛾㞟ྜ䛸䛧䛶ㄞ䜏≀䛻䛺䛳䛯䜚䠈≀ㄒ䛸䛧䛶Ꮫᰯ 䛺䛹䛾㜵⅏ᩍ⫱⣲ᮦ䠄๪ㄞᮏ䠅䛸䛧䛶౑䜟䜜䜛⛬ᗘ 䛷䛒䜛䠊䛧䛛䜒䛣䜜䜙䛾ሙྜ䛿䠈䛒䜛ᩘಶ䛾䛂≉ᚩⓗ 䛺䛃ㄞ䜏≀䞉๪ㄞᮏ䛸䛧䛶ά⏝䛷䛝䛭䛖䛺య㦂ㄯ䜀䛛䜚䛻↔Ⅼ䛜ᙜ䛶䜙䜜䠈య㦂ㄯ඲య䛻↔Ⅼ䛜ᙜ䛶䜙䜜䜛䛣䛸䛿䜎䜜䛷䛒䜛䠊䛧䛛䛧య㦂ㄯ඲య䜢ᩘ್䝕䞊䝍䛻ኚ᥮䛩䜜䜀䠈య㦂ㄯ඲య䠄⿕⅏⪅඲ဨ䛾▱ぢ䞉ᩍ カ䠅䛛䜙⿕⅏⪅䛾య㦂䛾ヲ⣽䛾⪃ᐹ䛻䜘䜛ᐃᛶⓗ䛺 ศᯒ䠈⤫ィゎᯒ䛻䜘䜛ᐃ㔞ⓗ䛺ศᯒ䜢䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䠈䜘䜚ᙉ䛔ㄽᣐ䜢䜒䛳䛶䠈ᢳฟ䛧䛯▱ぢ䞉ᩍカ䜢♧ 䛩䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䠊䝁䞊䝕䜱䞁䜾䛷䛿䠈ಶேᒓᛶ䠈ᆅ㟈Ⓨ⏕᫬䛾≧ἣ䠈 ὠἼ㑊㞴᫬䛾≧ἣ䠈ᚰ⌮䞉⾜ື䛺䛹䠈ὠἼ㑊㞴䛾ᡂ ྰ䛻㛵䜟䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛せ⣲䜢య㦂ㄯ䛛䜙ㄞ䜏ྲྀ䜚䠈䝁䞊䝗໬䛧䠈䜶䜽䝉䝹䛻ධຊ䛧䛯䠄ᅗ䠍䠅䠊ᖺ㱋䜔ᛶู ➼䛾ಶேᒓᛶ䜔ᆅ㟈䛾ᦂ䜜䜢ឤ䛨䛯ሙᡤ➼䛾ᆅ㟈 Ⓨ⏕᫬䛾≧ἣ䠈ὠἼ䛸䛾㐼㐝䛾᭷↓䜔㑊㞴‽ഛ䛾 ᭷↓➼䛾ὠἼ㑊㞴᫬䛾≧ἣ䜢ධຊ䛧䛯䠊㑊㞴䛾ᡂ ྰ䛻㛵䜟䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛せ⣲䛸䛧䛶䝁䞊䝗໬䛧䛯㡯┠. 䜢⾲ 2 䛻䜎䛸䜑䛯䠊㔞ⓗ䝕䞊䝍䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿┤᥋ධຊ䛧, ㉁ⓗ䝕䞊䝍䛻㛵䛧䛶䛿䠈2 ್䛷⾲䛥䜜䜛せ⣲䛻䛴䛔䛶䛂0䛃䛛䛂1䛃䜢ධຊ䛧䠈」ᩘ䛾䜹䝔䝂䝸䞊䛻ศ䛡䜙䜜䜛せ ⣲䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䜹䝔䝂䝸䞊䛻๭䜚᣺䛳䛯␒ྕ䜢ධຊ䛧䛯䠊 ౛䛘䜀ᖺ㱋䛾䜘䛖䛺㔞ⓗ䝕䞊䝍䛿 18 ṓ䛺䜙䜀┤᥋ 䛂18䛃䛸ධຊ䛩䜛䠊ὠἼ䛸䛾㐼㐝䛾᭷↓䛾䜘䛖䛺 2 ್᝟ ሗ䛿䠈ὠἼ䛸㐼㐝䛧䛶䛔䜜䜀䛂1䛃䠈㐼㐝䛧䛶䛔䛺䛡䜜䜀䛂0䛃䛸䛔䛳䛯ධຊ䜢⾜䛖䠊䜎䛯䠈ᆅ㟈䛾ᦂ䜜䜢ឤ䛨䛯 ሙᡤ䛾䜘䛖䛺」ᩘ䛾䜹䝔䝂䝸䞊䛻ศ䛡䜙䜜䜛せ⣲䛿䠈 ⮬Ꮿ䛺䜙䛂1䛃䠈⫋ሙ䛺䜙䛂2䛃䠈䛭䛾௚䛾ሙᡤ䛺䜙䛂3䛃䠈䛸䛔䛖䜘䛖䛻䜹䝔䝂䝸䞊䛻๭䜚᣺䛳䛯␒ྕ䜢ධຊ䛩䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈య㦂ㄯ䛾グ㏙䛛䜙ㄞ䜏ྲྀ䜜䛺䛛䛳䛯䜒䛾䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿Ḟᦆ್䛸䛧䛯䠊䛣䛖䛧䛯䝁䞊䝕䜱䞁䜾䜢⾜䛖䛣䛸䛷䠈 య㦂ㄯ䛻⤫ィゎᯒ䜢㐺⏝䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ྍ⬟䛻䛺䜛䠊య 㦂ㄯ㈨ᩱ䛛䜙䠈ᴟ➃䛻グ㏙䛜▷䛔䜒䛾䜔ὠἼ㑊㞴䛾㐣⛬䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾グ㏙䛜↓䛔䜒䛾䜢㝖䛔䛯 154 ௳䛾య ⾲ 2㻌⿕⅏⪅య㦂ㄯ䛛䜙䝁䞊䝗໬䛧䛯㡯┠ Table 2. List of coded items from victims experiences 㻺㼛㻌㡯┠. - 175 -. 㻝 ಶேᒓᛶ 㻞 ᐙ᪘ 㻟 ᆅ㟈Ⓨ⏕᫬䛾≧ἣ. ኚᩘ ᖺ㱋 ᛶู ⫋ᴗ ྠᒃᐙ᪘䛾᭷↓ ᐙ᪘ෆ䛾せ᥼ㆤ⪅䛾᭷↓ ᆅ㟈䛾ᦂ䜜䜢ឤ䛨䛯ሙᡤ ᆅ㟈䛾ᦂ䜜䜢ឤ䛨䛯ሙᡤ䛾㧗ᗘ. ᒇෆ䞉ᒇእ䛷ᆅ㟈䛾ᦂ䜜䜢ឤ䛨䛯 ᆅ㟈┤ᚋ䛾ಖ㌟⾜ື ᆅ㟈䠙ὠἼ㐃᝿䠄ᆅ㟈Ⓨ⏕ᚋ䠅 ὠἼ䛾▱㆑ 㻠 ᆅ㟈Ⓨ⏕┤ᚋ䛾ᚰ⌮䞉⾜ື ὠἼ䛾๓඙ᐹ▱ ὠἼ䛾๓඙䜢ぢ䛯䛜㐃᝿䛿䛺䛛䛳䛯 Ᏻྰ☜ㄆ⾜ື 㑊㞴᫬䛾ྠ⾜⪅ せ᥼ㆤ⪅䜈䛾㑊㞴ᨭ᥼ 㻡 ὠἼ㑊㞴᫬䛾≧ἣ 㑊㞴᫬䛾ᣢ䛱≀ 㑊㞴‽ഛ 㑊㞴‽ഛ㛤ጞ䛾Ⓨືᅉ ⚾≀䛻㛵䛩䜛⏝ព ௙஦䛻㛵䛩䜛⏝ព 㑊㞴ᨭ᥼䛾䛯䜑䛾ᤚ⣴ 㑊㞴㛤ጞ䛾Ⓨືᅉ ὠἼ䛜᮶䜛䛸ᛮ䜟䛺䛛䛳䛯䛛䜙㐜䜜䛯 ࿘ᅖ䛾㆙࿌䜢⪺䛛䛺䛛䛳䛯䛛䜙㐜䜜䛯. 㻢 ὠἼ㑊㞴᫬䛾ᚰ⌮䞉⾜ື. 㻣䛭䛾௚. ࿘ᅖ䛜㑊㞴䛧䛺䛛䛳䛯䛛䜙㐜䜜䛯 ࿘ᅖ䛻㆙࿌䛧䛯㑊㞴᫬䛾ᐤ䜚㐨 ⮬Ꮿ䛻ྥ䛛䛳䛯 ⫋ሙ䛻ྥ䛛䛳䛯 ᾏ䜢ぢ䛻⾜䛳䛯 ே䜢᥈䛧䛻⾜䛳䛯䛭䛾௚䛾ሙᡤ䛻ྥ䛛䛳䛯㑊㞴᫬䛻ᛴ⾜䛧䛯䛛 ᛴ⾜䛧䛯䝍䜲䝭䞁䜾 ὠἼㄆ▱䛾䝍䜲䝭䞁䜾ㄆ▱䛧䛯ὠἼ䛾≧ែ ᆅ㟈Ⓨ⏕䛛䜙ὠἼㄆ▱䜎䛷䛾᫬㛫㻔ศ㻕 ὠἼ䛸䛾㐼㐝 ὠἼ㐼㐝䛾⛬ᗘ ฟᡠ䜚 ᐙ᪘䛾Ᏻྰ☜ㄆ䛾᫬ᮇ ᐙᒇ⿕ᐖ䛾⛬ᗘ.

(4) 䛯䠈ᅗ 2 䛻♧䛩䜘䛖䛻䠈ᆅ㟈䠙ὠἼ 㐃᝿䛜䛒䛳䛯ே䛿 87䠊5%䛜ᆅ㟈 ┤ᚋ䛻ᮘ䛾ୗ䛻㞃䜜䜛䛺䛹䛾ಖ㌟ 87.5% 12.5% ᆅ㟈䠙ὠἼ㐃᝿䛒䜚⾜ື䜢⾜䛳䛯䛾䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䠈ᆅ㟈䠙 (n=11) ὠἼ㐃᝿䛜䛺䛛䛳䛯ே䛿 36.4%䛧䛛ᆅ㟈┤ᚋ䛾ಖ㌟⾜ື䜢⾜䛳䛶䛚䜙䛪䠈䜹䜲 2 ஌᳨ᐃ䛾⤖ᯝ䠈⤫ ィⓗ䛻᭷ព䛺ᕪ䛜䜏䜙䜜䛯 ᆅ㟈䠙ὠἼ㐃᝿䛺䛧 36.4% 63.6% (n=16) 䠄X2(1)=7.7, p<.05䠅䠊ಖ㌟⾜ື䜢䛸䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛ே䛿㜵⅏ព㆑䛜㧗䛟䠈 ᆅ㟈ὠἼ⅏ᐖ䛾䜲䝯䞊䝆䜢ᣢ䛳䛶 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 䛔䜛ே䛰䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊䛭䛾䛯䜑䠈 ᅗ 2㻌䛂ᆅ㟈䠙ὠἼ㐃᝿䛃䛸䛂ᆅ㟈┤ᚋ䛾ಖ㌟⾜ື䛃䛸䛾㛵ಀ ಖ㌟⾜ື䛸ᆅ㟈䠙ὠἼ㐃᝿䜢ే 䛫ᣢ䛳䛶䛔䜛ഴྥ䛻䛒䜛䛸᥎ᐹ䛥 Fig. 2. Relation between “earthquake-tsunami association” and 䜜䜛䠊䛭䜜䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䠈ಖ㌟⾜ື䜢䛸 “self-protection behavior from seismic shaking” 䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛺䛔ே䛿䠈ᆅ㟈䠙ὠ Ἴ㐃᝿䜒䛺䛔ഴྥ䛻䛒䜛䛸䛔䛖ᐇ ▱㆑䛒䜚 ▱㆑䛺䛧 ែ䛜䜏䜙䜜䛯䠊 90.9% 9.1% N=55 ὠἼ䛾▱㆑ 䛭䛾୍᪉䠈ᆅ㟈䠙ὠἼ㐃᝿䛿 ᚲ䛪䛧䜒㑊㞴䛾㛤ጞ䛻⤖䜃䛴䛔䛶㐃᝿䛒䜚㐃᝿䛺䛧䛔䛺䛔䛸䛔䛖஦ᐇ䛜ศᯒ䛛䜙䜟䛛 66.0% 34.0% N=50 ᆅ㟈䠙ὠἼ㐃᝿ 䛳䛶䛝䛯䠊య㦂ㄯ䛻䜘䜛䛸䠈㑊㞴⾜ ື䛿 3 䛴䛾Ⓨືᅉ䛻䜘䛳䛶㛤ጞ䛥 ⮬ᕫุ᩿䛷㑊㞴䛧䛯 ⮬ᕫุ᩿䛷㑊㞴䛧䛺䛛䛳䛯䜜䛶䛚䜚䠈ᆅ㟈䠙ὠἼ㐃᝿䛻䜘䛳 51.5% 48.5% ⮬ᕫุ᩿䛻䜘䜛㑊㞴 N=33 䛶㑊㞴䜢㛤ጞ䛩䜛䛸䛿㝈䜙䛺䛔䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䛳䛯䠊3 䛴䛾Ⓨືᅉ䛸䛿䠈䛂ὠἼ䛾く᮶䜢ぢ䜛䛣䛸䛃䠈䛂࿘ᅖ䛛 ᅗ 3㻌 ὠἼ䛛䜙䛾㐺ษ䛺㑊㞴䜢䛩䜛䛯䜑䛾᮲௳ 䜙㑊㞴䜢䛩䜛䜘䛖䛻㆙࿌䜢ཷ䛡䜛䛣 Fig. 3. Conditions of appropriate evacuation behavior from tsunami 䛸䛃䠈䛂ᆅ㟈䠙ὠἼ㐃᝿䛻ᇶ䛵䛟⮬ 䜙䛾ุ᩿(⮬ᕫุ᩿)䛃䛸䛔䛖㑊㞴㛤㦂ㄯ䛻䛴䛔䛶䝁䞊䝕䜱䞁䜾䜢⾜䛔䠈䝕䞊䝍䝉䝑䝖䜢స ጞ䛾䛝䛳䛛䛡䛸䛺䜛✀䚻䛾せᅉ䛷䛒䜛䠊୰䛷䜒ᆅ㟈䠙 ᡂ䛧䛯䠊 ὠἼ㐃᝿䜢䜒䛳䛶⮬䜙䛾ุ᩿䛷㑊㞴䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿ᐜ᫆ 䝁䞊䝕䜱䞁䜾䛧䛯䝕䞊䝍䛾ಶேᒓᛶ䛺䛹䜢䜎䛸䜑䜛䛷䛿䛺䛔䠊ᆅ㟈䛾ᚋ䛻ὠἼ䛜く᮶䛩䜛䛸䛔䛖▱㆑䛜䛸䠈ᛶู䛿⏨ᛶ䛜 53.9%䠈ዪᛶ䛜 41.6%䠈4.5%䛜୙᫂ 䛒䛳䛶䜒䠈ᆅ㟈䛛䜙ὠἼ䛾く᮶䜢㐃᝿䛷䛝䛺䛔ሙྜ 䛷䛒䛳䛯䠊ᖺ㱋䛿 10 ṓᮍ‶䛜 4.5%䠈10 ௦䛜 26.0%䠈䜔䠈㐃᝿䜢䜒䛳䛶䜒䠈㑊㞴⾜ື䛻⛣䛫䛺䛔ሙྜ䛜ከ 20 ௦䛜 23.4%䠈30 ௦䛜 20.8%䠈40 ௦௨ୖ䛜 3.2%䠈䛔䠊ὠἼ䛾▱㆑䜢䜒䛴ே䛾୰䛷䜒ᆅ㟈䠙ὠἼ㐃᝿䛜 22.1%䛜୙᫂䛰䛳䛯䠊ḟ䛻䠈ὠἼ䛸䛾㐼㐝䛾᭷↓䜢ぢ䛒䛳䛯ே䛿 60.0%䛧䛛䛚䜙䛪䠈䛥䜙䛻䛭䛾୰䛷䜒⮬ᕫ 䛯䛸䛣䜝䠈㐼㐝䛧䛺䛛䛳䛯ே䛿 56.5%䠈㐼㐝䛧䛯ே䛿 ุ᩿䛷㑊㞴䛧䛯ே䛿 51.5%䛸⣙༙ᩘ⛬ᗘ䛧䛛䛔䛺䛛 27.3%䠈16.2%䛜୙᫂䛷䛒䜚䠈཰㞟䛧䛯య㦂ㄯ䛾 4 ศ 䛳䛯䠄ᅗ 3䠅䠊ὠἼ䛾▱㆑䜢ᣢ䛳䛶䛔䛶䜒䠈ᆅ㟈䠙ὠἼ 䛾 1 ௨ୖ䛜ὠἼ䛸㐼㐝䛧䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䛳䛯䠊䛣䛾㐃᝿䜢䜒䛶䛺䛔䠈⮬ᕫุ᩿䛷㑊㞴䛷䛝䛺䛔ཎᅉ䛸䛧䛶䠈䝕䞊䝍䜢฼⏝䛧䛶䠈ὠἼ㑊㞴⾜ື䛻䛴䛔䛶ศᯒ䜢⾜ ὠἼ⿕ᐖ䛾኱䛝䛥䜢㐣ᑠホ౯䛧䛶䛧䜎䛳䛯䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛳䛯䠊䛜⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊⿕ᐖ䜢㐣ᑠホ౯䛧䛯䛯䜑䛻䠈ὠἼ䛾䛣䛸䜢᝿㉳䛧䛶ᾏ䛾ᵝᏊ䜢ぢ䛻⾜䛳䛯䜚䠈ὠἼ䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ §3. 䝁䞊䝕䜱䞁䜾䛻䜘䜛ὠἼ㑊㞴ᚰ⌮䞉⾜ືศᯒ 䜢᝿㉳䛧䛺䛜䜙䜒䠈㑊㞴䜢䛧䛺䛛䛳䛯䛸䛔䛖䜿䞊䝇䛜䛒 3.1 ᆅ㟈䠙ὠἼ㐃᝿ 䛳䛯䠊䜎䛯䠈⿕ᐖ䜢㐣ᑠホ౯䛩䜛ཎᅉ䛸䛧䛶䠈䝸䝇䜽ᚰ ᆅ㟈䠙ὠἼ㐃᝿䛸䛿䛂ᆅ㟈䛜㉳䛝䛯䜙䠈༶ᗙ䛻ὠ ⌮Ꮫ䛾◊✲ศ㔝䛷䛒䜛䝸䝇䜽ㄆ▱䛻䛚䛡䜛ㄆ▱䝞䜲 Ἴ䛾䛣䛸䜢ᛮ䛔ᾋ䛛䜉䜛䛣䛸䛃䛷䛒䜛[໭ཎ䞉௚(2012)]䠊䜰䝇䛜ാ䛔䛶䛔䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊䝸䝇䜽䜢㐣ᑠ ᆅ㟈䛾Ⓨ⏕䛛䜙ὠἼ䛾く᮶䜢㐃᝿䛷䛝䛺䛡䜜䜀䠈⿕ホ౯䛧䛯䛯䜑䛻䠈ὠἼ䛾䛣䛸䜢᝿㉳䛧䛶ᾏ䛾ᵝᏊ䜢ぢ ⅏⪅䛜⮬䜙䛾ุ᩿䠄⮬ᕫุ᩿䠅䛷ὠἼ㑊㞴⾜ື䜢㛤䛻⾜䛳䛯䜚䠈ὠἼ䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ䜢᝿㉳䛧䛺䛜䜙䜒䠈㑊㞴䜢 ጞ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿䛷䛝䛺䛔䠊䛭䛾䛯䜑䠈⮬ᕫุ᩿䛷㑊㞴䜢䛧䛺䛛䛳䛯䛸䛔䛖䜿䞊䝇䛜䛒䛳䛯䠊㛤ጞ䛩䜛䛻䛿ᆅ㟈䠙ὠἼ㐃᝿䛜ᚲせ᮲௳䛷䛒䜛䠊䜎 ಖ㌟⾜ື䜢⾜䛳䛯. ಖ㌟⾜ື䜢⾜䜟䛺䛛䛳䛯. - 176 -.

(5) ಶே䜢䛸䜚䜎䛟♫఍⎔ቃ䛛䜙䠈䛥䜎䛦䜎䛺䝸䝇䜽᝟ሗ 䛜䜒䛯䜙䛥䜜䜛䛸䛝䠈䝸䝇䜽᝟ሗ䛜ಶே䛻䛸䛳䛶䛒䜎䜚䛻 ኱䛝䛺⬣ጾ䜢䜒䛯䜙䛩䜒䛾䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛ሙྜ䛻䠈ே㛫䛿䛭䜜䜢ཷ䛡ධ䜜䜘䛖䛸䛫䛪䛻䠈᤼㝖䛧䛯䜚䠈↓ど䛧䛯䜚䛩䜛䠊䝸䝇䜽ᑐᛂ⾜ື ᤼㝖. ♫఍⎔ቃ. ಶே. 䝸䝇䜽᝟ሗ. 吸吧吂叻吢叹向吷吐. ↓ど. 䝸䝇䜽᝟ሗ䛾ཷᐜ 䝸䝇䜽ㄆ▱ 䠄᝟ሗ䛾䜖䛜䜏䠅. 䝸䝇䜽ᑐᛂ⾜ື. ᗈ℩ᘯᛅ䠄2006䠅 ↓㜵ഛ䛺᪥ᮏே䜘䜚. ᅗ 4㻌䝸䝇䜽ᚰ⌮Ꮫ䛻䛚䛡䜛䝸䝇䜽ㄆ▱䝰䝕䝹 Fig. 4. Model of risk perception in risk psychology. ὠἼ䛾く᮶䛻䜘䜛㑊㞴. 25.6%. 䛶Ṛ䛻⚾䛾ᗂ཭㐩䜒ఱே䛛Ṛ䛻䜎䛧䛯䠊⏕䜎䜜䛶ጞ 䜑䛶య㦂䛩䜛኱䛝䛺ᆅ㟈䛺䛾䛻䠈䛭䛾䛸䛝䠈⚾䛿ὠἼ 䛜䛟䜛䛣䛸䛺䛹ᑡ䛧䜒⪃䛘䜎䛫䜣䛷䛧䛯䠊䛃(䛄ᛀ䜜䛺䛔䟿䛒䛾᪥䛾኱ὠἼ㻌 ᮾ༡ᾏᆅ㟈య㦂グ䛅)䛸䛔䛖䜘䛖䛺䠈ὠἼ䛾▱㆑䜢䜒䛳䛶䛔䛶䜒ᆅ㟈䠙ὠἼ㐃᝿䛻䛴䛺䛜䜙䛺䛔䛣䛸䜢♧䛩グ㏙䛜䛒䜛䠊䛭䛾䛯䜑䠈ᆅ㟈䠙 ὠἼ㐃᝿䜢䜒䛴䛻䛿䠈ὠἼ䛻㛵䛩䜛ṇ☜䛺▱㆑䜢䜒䛴䛰䛡䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈ὠἼ⅏ᐖ䛜⮬ศ⮬㌟䛻䜒㉳䛣䜚ᚓ䜛䛣䛸䛰䛸䛔䛖ព㆑䜢㔊ᡂ䛧䛶䛔䛟䛣䛸䛷䠈ṇᖖᛶ䝞䜲䜰䝇䛻ᡴ䛱຾䛴ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛䠊. ⮬ᕫุ᩿䛻䜘䜛㑊㞴. 16.5%. ࿘ᅖ䛾㆙࿌䛻䜘䜛㑊㞴. 57.9% N=121. ᅗ 5㻌 ὠἼ㑊㞴䛾Ⓨືᅉ Fig. 5. Trigger of evacuation behavior from tsunami 䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺䝸䝇䜽᝟ሗ䛾䜖䛜䜏䜢ᘬ䛝㉳䛣䛩䛾䛜䠈䝸䝇䜽ㄆ▱䛻䛚䛡䜛ㄆ▱䝞䜲䜰䝇䛾䝯䜹䝙䝈䝮䛷䛒䜛[ᗈ ℩(2006)](ᅗ 4)䠊ὠἼ䛾䝸䝇䜽ㄆ▱䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿ㄆ▱䝞䜲䜰䝇䛾୍✀䛷䛒䜛ṇᖖᛶ䝞䜲䜰䝇䛜ാ䛔䛶䛔䜛䛸⪃ 䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊ṇᖖᛶ䝞䜲䜰䝇䛸䛿䝸䝇䜽䜢㐣ᑠホ౯䛩䜛ㄆ▱䝞䜲䜰䝇䛾䛣䛸䛷䛒䜚䠈䛂䛒䜛⠊ᅖෆ䛷䛒䜜䜀ㄆ▱ 䛥䜜䛯␗ᖖᛶ䜢䛺䜛䜉䛟ṇᖖ䛺䝁䞁䝔䜽䝇䝖䛷ぢ䛶䛧䜎䛚䛖䛸䛩䜛䛃䛸䛔䛳䛯ே㛫䛾ᚰ⌮䝥䝻䝉䝇䛻㉳ᅉ䛩䜛䜒䛾䛸䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛[᪥ᮏ䝸䝇䜽◊✲Ꮫ఍(2000)]䠊ὠἼ⅏ ᐖ䛾ሙྜ䛷䛒䜜䜀䠈ᆅ㟈䛾ᦂ䜜䛜䛚䛥䜎䛳䛯ᚋ䛾≧ ἣ䜢䛺䜛䜉䛟ṇᖖ䛸䜏䛺䛭䛖䛸䛔䛖ᚰ⌮䛛䜙䠈ὠἼ䛾䝸䝇䜽䜢ⓗ☜䛻ㄆ▱䛷䛝䛺䛔䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛜㉳䛣䜚ᚓ䜛䠊య 㦂ㄯ䛾୰䛷䜒䛂ᆅ㟈䛾䛒䛸䛻䛿ὠἼ䛜䛟䜛䜎䛷䠈䛤㣤䜢⅕䛟䜂䜎䛜䛒䜛䛛䜙䠈䛭䛾䛖䛱㏨䛢䜜䜀䛔䛔䛸⪺䛔䛶䜎䛧䛯䠊䛭䛾䛟䜙䛔䛾䛣䛸䛿䠈䛰䜜䛷䜒▱䛳䛶䛯䛸ᛮ 䛔䜎䛩䠊䛻䜒䛛䛛䜟䜙䛪ఱ 10 ே䜒䛾䜂䛸䛜㏨䛢㐜䜜. 3.2 㑊㞴㛤ጞ䛾Ⓨືᅉ ๓㏙䛾䜘䛖䛻ᆅ㟈䠙ὠἼ㐃᝿䛿䛝䜟䜑䛶㔜せ䛷䛒䜛䛜䠈䛭䜜䛰䛡䛷㐺ษ䛺㑊㞴䜢ྍ⬟䛸䛩䜛䜒䛾䛷䛿䛺䛔䠊㑊㞴㛤ጞ䛾Ⓨືᅉ䛾๭ྜ䜢䜏䜛䛸䠈࿘ᅖ䛾㆙࿌ 䛜᭱䜒㑊㞴⾜ື䛾ᐇ᪋䛻ᙳ㡪䜢୚䛘䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜛䠄ᅗ 5䠅䠊࿘ᅖ䛛䜙䛾㆙࿌䛻䜘䛳䛶㑊㞴䛩䜛ே䛜ከ 䛔䛣䛸䛿䠈㑊㞴䛾ពᛮỴᐃ䛜࿘ᅖ䛾ே㛫䛾ゝື䛻ᙉ 䛔౫Ꮡᛶ䜢ᣢ䛴䛣䛸䜢♧၀䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊ຍ⸨䞉௚(2009) 䛾 2006 ᖺ༓ᓥิᓥἈᆅ㟈䛻䛚䛡䜛ㄪᰝ䛷䜒䠈ᆅ㟈䛾ᦂ䜜䛜㑊㞴䛾䛝䛳䛛䛡䛻䛺䛳䛯ே䛿䜋䛸䜣䛹䛔䛺䛛䛳䛯䠊䛣䛾䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈࿘ᅖ䛛䜙䛾᝟ሗ䛻ᙉ䛟౫Ꮡ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿䠈♫఍᝟ໃ䛜␗䛺䛳䛶䛔䛶䜒ኚ䜟䜙䛺䛔ே㛫䛾 ᬑ㐢ⓗ䛺≉ᛶ䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䛜⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊䛣䛾≉ᛶ䛿ㄆ▱䝞䜲䜰䝇䛾୍✀䛷䛒䜛ྠㄪᛶ䝞䜲䜰䝇䛻䜘䛳䛶ㄝ᫂䛥䜜䜛䠊ྠㄪᛶ䝞䜲䜰䝇䛸䛿䠈䝸䝇䜽 ᝟ሗ䜢ㄆ▱䛧䛶䛔䛶䜒࿘ᅖ䛜⾜ື䛩䜛䜎䛷⾜ື䜢㉳䛣䛭䛖䛸䛧䛺䛔䛸䛔䛖㘒ㄗ䜢⏕䜐䛸䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛[ᗈ℩ (2006)]䠊ྠㄪᛶ䝞䜲䜰䝇䛿䠈࿘ᅖ䛜㑊㞴䜢ጞ䜑䜛䜎䛷㑊㞴䜢䛧䛺䛔䛸䛔䛖䛻䛴䛺䛜䜛䛯䜑䠈㑊㞴⾜ື䜢㜼 ᐖ䛩䜛せᅉ䛸䛧䛶ၥ㢟ど䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈どⅬ䜢 ኚ䛘䜛䛸䠈䜒䛧࿘ᅖ䛜㆙࿌䜢䛩䜜䜀㑊㞴⾜ື䜢ಁ㐍䛩䜛せᅉ䛻䜒䛺䜚䛖䜛䛸䜒䛔䛘䜛䠊ྠㄪᛶ䝞䜲䜰䝇䛜㑊㞴⾜ື䜢ᙉ䛟ಁ㐍䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿䠈࿘ᅖ䛾㆙࿌䛜᭱䜒㑊㞴䛾Ⓨືᅉ䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䛯䛸䛔䛖஦ᐇ䛛䜙䛖䛛䛜䛘䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈⮬ᕫุ᩿䛷㑊㞴䛧䛯ே䛸࿘ᅖ䛛䜙䛾㆙࿌䛷㑊㞴䛧䛯ே䛷䛿䠈ὠἼ䛸䛾㐼㐝⋡䛻᭷ព䛺ᕪ䛜䜏䜙䜜䛺䛛䛳䛯(X2(1)=2.0, n.s.)䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈࿘ᅖ䛾㆙࿌䛷㑊㞴䛧䛯ே䜒⮬ᕫุ᩿䛷㑊㞴䛧䛯ே䜒䠈䛭䛾Ⓨືᅉ䛿㐪䛳䛶䛔䛶䜒㑊㞴䛥䛘䛩䜜䜀ྠ⛬ᗘ䛾๭ྜ䛷⿕ᐖ䜢ච䜜䛶䛔䛯䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜛䠊䛭䛾䛯䜑䠈⮬ᕫุ᩿䛻䜘䜛㑊㞴䛰䛡䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈࿘ᅖ䛛䜙䛾㆙࿌䛻䜘䜛㑊㞴䛜ὠἼ䛻䜘䜛⿕ᐖ䛾పῶ䛻ຠᯝⓗ䛸䛔䛘䜛䠊䜒䛱䜝䜣య㦂ㄯ䛾୰䛻䛿࿘ᅖ䛾ே䛾ゝື䛜㑊㞴㛤ጞ䜢㐜䜙䛫䜛せᅉ䛸䛺䛳䛯䜿䞊䝇䜒䜏䜙䜜䛯䠊౛䛘䜀䠈䛂䛄ὠἼ䛜᮶䜛䛷䠊䛅䛸ゝ䜟䜜䛯䛜䠈⚾䛿䛄ὠἼ䛜 ᮶䜛䜒䜣䜔䛳䛯䜙䠈䜒䛖᮶䜛䜔䜝䜔䠊䛅䛸ヰ䛧䛺䛜䜙ู䜜䛯䠊䛃(䛄ᮾ༡ᾏᆅ㟈ὠἼ䜘䜚 45 ᖺ ᆅ㟈య㦂䛅)䛸䛔䛖 య㦂ㄯ䛷䛿䠈࿘ᅖ䛛䜙䛾㆙࿌䜢⪺䛝ධ䜜䛺䛛䛳䛯䛣䛸䛷㑊㞴㛤ጞ䛜㐜䜜䛶䛧䜎䛳䛯䛣䛸䛜䛖䛛䛜䛘䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈䛂ὠἼ䛜᮶䜛䛸ᛮ䛳䛯䛾䛷እ䛻ฟ䛶䜏䜛䛸䠈䝫䞁䝥䛾. - 177 -.

(6) ཱྀ䛛䜙Ỉ䛜ໃ䛔䜘䛟ฟ䛶䛔䜎䛧䛯䠊㏆䛟䛾䛚䜀䛒䛥䜣䛜ፉ䛥䜣䛸䛚⡿䜢䛴䛝䛛䛡䛶䛚䜚䠈䛚䜀䛒䛥䜣䛿䠈䛄᫇ 䛿ᆅ㟈䛜᮶䜛䛸䛝䠈஭ᡞ䛾Ỉ䛜䠉⁲䜒䛺䛟䛺䛳䛶䛧䜎䛳䛯䛡䛹䠈௒䛿䝫䞁䝥䛾Ỉ䛜ฟ䛸䜛䛷䠈ὠἼ䛿䛡䛘䜈䜣䠊䛅䛸ゝ䛳䛶䛔䜎䛧䛯䠊䛭䜜䛷䠈䛾䜣䜃䜚䛸὾䜈⾜䛝䜎䛧䛯䠊䛃(䛄᫛࿴ 19 ᖺ 12 ᭶ 7 ᪥Ⓨ⏕ ᮾ༡ᾏᆅ㟈య 㦂ㄯ䛅)䛸䛔䛖య㦂ㄯ䛷䛿䠈ὠἼ䛾く᮶䜢᝿㉳䛧䛯䛻䜒㛵䜟䜙䛪䠈࿘ᅖ䛾ே䛜ὠἼ䛾く᮶䜢ྰᐃ䛧䛯䛯䜑䛻㑊㞴㛤ጞ䛜㐜䜜䛶䛔䛯䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜛䠊䛣䜜䜙䛾య㦂ㄯ䛛䜙䠈ᆅᇦ䞉࿘ᅖ䜈䛾ᙳ㡪ຊ䛜ᙉ䛔ே䛷䛺䛡䜜䜀㆙ ࿌䛜⪺䛝ධ䜜䜙䜜䛺䛔ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜䛒䜛䛣䛸䜔䠈࿘ᅖ䛾㛫㐪䛳䛯ゝື䛜㑊㞴㛤ጞ䛾㐜䜜䜢ᘬ䛝㉳䛣䛩䛣䛸䛜⪃ 䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊䛭䛾䛯䜑䠈࿘ᅖ䛾㆙࿌䛷㑊㞴䜢㛤ጞ䛩䜛 ே䜢ቑຍ䛥䛫䜛䛻䛿䠈䛂⮬἞఍ᙺဨ䜔⮬୺㜵⅏⤌⧊ 䛾䝸䞊䝎䞊䛸䛔䛳䛯䠈㜵⅏䛾ᑓ㛛▱㆑䜢䜒䛴䜉䛝䠈ᆅ ᇦ䛻ᙉ䛔ᙳ㡪ຊ䜢䜒䛴ே䛯䛱䛜䠈ᆅ㟈䠙ὠἼ㐃᝿䜢 ⌮ゎ䛧⮬ᕫุ᩿䛻䜘䜛㑊㞴䜢⾜䛔䠈䛭䛾㑊㞴䛾㐣⛬ 䛻䛚䛔䛶ᆅᇦ䛻䛚䛡䜛⅏ᐖᑐᛂ䛸䛧䛶࿘ᅖ䛻㑊㞴䜢 ࿧䜃䛛䛡䜛䛣䛸䛃䛜኱䛝䛺ຠᯝ䜢ᣢ䛴䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊䛣䜜䛻䜘䛳䛶䠈㑊㞴㛤ጞ䜢㜼ᐖ䛩䜛せᅉ䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛ྠㄪᛶ䝞䜲䜰䝇䜢䠈㑊㞴⾜ື䛾Ⓨືᅉ䛸䛧䛶฼⏝ 䛷䛝䜛䠊 §4. 㐺ษ䛺㑊㞴⾜ື䜢ಁ㐍䞉㜼ᐖ䛩䜛せᅉ 4.䠍 ὠἼ㑊㞴⾜ື䛻㛵䛩䜛Ỵᐃᮌศᯒ 㐺ษ䛺㑊㞴⾜ື䛸䠈䛭䜜䜢ಁ㐍䞉㜼ᐖ䛩䜛せᅉ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾㛵ಀᛶ䜢᫂䜙䛛䛻䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䠈ὠἼ䛸䛾㐼㐝䛾᭷↓䜢┠ⓗኚᩘ䛸䛧䠈㑊㞴⾜ື䛻㛵䜟䜛せ⣲䜢ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ䛸䛧䛶ከኚ㔞ゎᯒ䛾ᡭἲ䛾୍䛴䛷䛒䜛Ỵᐃ ᮌศᯒ䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊Ỵᐃᮌศᯒ䛸䛿䠈⤖ᯝഃ䛾ኚᩘ䜢 ┠ⓗኚᩘ䛸䛧䠈ཎᅉഃ䛾ኚᩘ䜢ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ䛸䛧䛶ኚᩘ 㛫䛾㛵㐃䜢Ⓨぢ䛩䜛䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊ලయⓗ䛻䛿䠈䝃䞁䝥䝹䜢⧞䜚㏉䛧䝃䝤䜾䝹䞊䝥䛻ศ๭䛧䠈䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾䝃䝤䜾䝹䞊䝥䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈┠ⓗኚᩘ䛻ᑐ䛧䛶≉䛻ᙳ㡪ຊ䛾 ᙉ䛔ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ䜢᥈䛧ฟ䛩ᡭἲ䛷䛒䜛䠊ᮏศᯒ䛷䛿ὠ Ἴ䛸䛾㐼㐝䛾᭷↓䜢┠ⓗኚᩘ䛸䛧䠈㑊㞴⾜ື䛻㛵䜟䜛せ⣲䜢ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ䛸䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈ὠἼ䛸䛾㐼㐝䛾᭷↓ 䛻ᙉ䛔ᙳ㡪䜢୚䛘䛶䛔䜛せ⣲䜢᫂䜙䛛䛻䛩䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈 ኚᩘ㛫䛾㛵㐃䜢䝜䞊䝗䛸ᯞ䛻䜘䛳䛶♧䛧䠈ὠἼ䛸㐼㐝䛧䛯ே䛸㐼㐝䛧䛺䛛䛳䛯ே䜢༊ู䛩䜛⤒㊰䜢どぬ໬ 䛩䜛Ⅼ䜒Ỵᐃᮌศᯒ䛾≉ᚩ䛷䛒䜛䠊ὠἼ䛸䛾㐼㐝䛾 ᭷↓䜢ᕥྑ䛩䜛䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍䛸䛺䜛ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ䛸䛧䛶䠈௨ ୗ䛾ኚᩘ䜢⏝䛔䛯䠊䞉ᖺ㱋䞉ᛶู 䞉ᆅ㟈䛾ᦂ䜜䜢ឤ䛨䛯ሙᡤ 䞉⮬Ꮿ 䞉⫋ሙ 䞉䛭䛾௚䛾ሙᡤ 䞉ᒇෆ䞉ᒇእ䛷ᆅ㟈䛾ᦂ䜜䜢ឤ䛨䛯. 䞉ᆅ㟈ὠἼ㐃᝿䛾᭷↓ 䞉㑊㞴㛤ጞ䛾Ⓨືᅉ 䞉⮬ᕫุ᩿䛷㑊㞴䞉࿘ᅖ䛛䜙䛾㆙࿌䛷㑊㞴䞉㑊㞴᫬䛻ᛴ⾜䛧䛯䝍䜲䝭䞁䜾䞉ὠἼ䜢ぢ䜛๓䛛䜙ᛴ䛔䛰䞉ὠἼ䜢ぢ䛶䛛䜙ᛴ䛔䛰䞉㑊㞴‽ഛ 䞉㑊㞴᫬䛾ᐤ䜚㐨䛾᭷↓ 䞉せ᥼ㆤ⪅䜈䛾㑊㞴ᨭ᥼䛾᭷↓ 䞉ᐙ᪘䛾Ᏻྰ☜ㄆ䛾᫬ᮇ 䞉ᆅ㟈Ⓨ⏕┤ᚋ䛻☜ㄆ䞉ᆅ㟈Ⓨ⏕䛛䜙䛧䜀䜙䛟ᚋ䛷☜ㄆ䛺䛚䠈ゎᯒ䝋䝣䝖䛻䛿 IBM SPSS Decision Trees 䜢⏝ 䛔䛯䠊 ศᯒ䛾⤖ᯝ䠈㐺ษ䛺㑊㞴⾜ື䛻ᙉ䛔ᙳ㡪䜢୚䛘䜛せ⣲䛸䛧䛶䠈䛂ᛴ⾜䛧䛯䝍䜲䝭䞁䜾䛃䠈䛂㑊㞴᫬䛾ᐤ䜚㐨䛃䠈䛂㑊㞴‽ഛ䛃䛾 3 ኚᩘ䛜ᢳฟ䛥䜜䛯䠄ᅗ 6䠅䠊ᅗ୰䛾Წ 䜾䝷䝣䛿䛩䜉䛶䛂ὠἼ䛸䛾㐼㐝䛾᭷↓䛃䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾ഴ ྥ䛷䛒䜚䠈⥳䛜䛂㐼㐝䛺䛧䛃䛰䛳䛯ே䛾๭ྜ䠈㉥䛜䛂㐼㐝䛒䜚䛃䛰䛳䛯ே䛾๭ྜ䛷䛒䜛䠊ᅗ䜢ୖ䛛䜙ぢ䜛䛸䠈䛂ὠἼ䛸䛾㐼㐝䛾᭷↓䛃䜢ᕥྑ䛩䜛୍␒኱䛝䛺せᅉ䛸䛧䛶䛂ᛴ⾜䛩䜛䝍䜲䝭䞁䜾䛃䛜ᢳฟ䛥䜜䛯䠊ὠἼ䜢ぢ䜛 ๓䛛䜙ᛴ⾜䛧䛶䛔䛯ே䛿⤫ィⓗ䛻᭷ព䛻㧗䛔๭ྜ䛷 ὠἼ䛸㐼㐝䛧䛶䛔䛺䛛䛳䛯䠊 ᭦䛻ᅗ䜢ぢ䛶䛔䛟䛸䠈ḟ䛻䛂㑊㞴‽ഛ䛃䜢⾜䛳䛯䛛 ྰ䛛䠈䛂㑊㞴᫬䛾ᐤ䜚㐨䛃䜢䛧䛯䛛ྰ䛛䛸䛔䛖 2 䛴䛾せ ⣲䛜㑊㞴䛾ᡂྰ䛻ᙳ㡪䜢୚䛘䛶䛔䛯䠊䛴䜎䜚䠈㑊㞴 ᫬䛻㑊㞴‽ഛ䞉ᐤ䜚㐨䜢䛫䛪䠈ὠἼ䜢ぢ䜛๓䛛䜙ᛴ⾜䛧䛶䛔䛯ே䛜᭱䜒ὠἼ䛸㐼㐝䛩䜛๭ྜ䛜ప䛟䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䛳䛯䠊⤖ᯝ䜢䜎䛸䜑䜛䛸䠈䛂ὠἼ䜢ぢ䜛๓ 䛛䜙ᛴ䛠䛃䛸䛔䛖ὠἼく᮶䛾ษ㏕ᛶ䜢ព㆑䛧䛯⾜ື䛜㐺ษ䛺㑊㞴⾜ື䜢኱䛝䛟ಁ㐍䛧䛶䛚䜚䠈䛂㑊㞴㛤ጞ䜎䛷䛾‽ഛ䛻᫬㛫䜢䛛䛡䜛䛃㑊㞴‽ഛ䛻䜘䜛㑊㞴䛾㠀 ༶⾜ᛶ䜔䛂㧗ྎ䛻┤⾜䛫䛪䛻㑊㞴᫬䛾ᐤ䜚㐨䜢䛩䜛䛃㑊㞴ሙᡤ䜈䛾㠀┤⾜ᛶ䛜䠈㐺ษ䛺㑊㞴⾜ື䜢㜼 ᐖ䛩䜛せᅉ䛸䛧䛶኱䛝䛺ᙳ㡪䜢୚䛘䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䛳䛯䠊 4.2 ὠἼく᮶䛾ษ㏕ᛶ ᛴ⾜䛩䜛䝍䜲䝭䞁䜾䛿ὠἼ䛸䛾㐼㐝⋡䛻᭱䜒኱䛝䛺 ᙳ㡪䜢୚䛘䛶䛚䜚䠈ὠἼ䜢ぢ䜛๓䛛䜙ᛴ䛔䛰ே䛾 81.6%䛜ὠἼ䛻㐼㐝䛫䛪䛻㑊㞴䜢᏶஢䛧䛶䛔䛯䠊ᆅ 㟈䠙ὠἼ㐃᝿䜔࿘ᅖ䛛䜙䛾࿧䜃䛛䛡䛺䛹䜢䜒䛸䛻ὠ Ἴ䛾䝸䝇䜽䜢ㄆ▱䛧䠈ὠἼく᮶䛾ษ㏕ᛶ䜢ព㆑䛧䛶ⓗ ☜䛺㑊㞴⾜ື䜢㛤ጞ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈ὠἼ䛻䜘䜛⿕ᐖ䜢኱ 䛝䛟ῶ䜙䛫䜛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䜢♧䛩⤖ᯝ䛸䛔䛘䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈㑊㞴㛤ጞ䛾Ⓨືᅉ䛜㑊㞴䛾ᡂྰ䛻኱䛝䛺ᙳ㡪䜢ཬ䜌䛥䛺䛔䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈ᆅ㟈䠙ὠἼ㐃᝿䛻ᇶ䛵䛟䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䛛䠈. - 178 -.

(7) ὠἼ䛸䛾㐼㐝䜹䝔䝂䝸 % 67.4 䛺䛧䛒䜚 32.6 ྜィ 100.0. n 87 42 129. 䜹䝔䝂䝸䛺䛧䛒䜚 ྜィ. ষ৿. ဌசऩ. ిજऩ. ਫનऩ. ὠἼ䜢ぢ䛶䛛䜙ᛴ䛔䛰䜹䝔䝂䝸䛺䛧䛒䜚 ྜィ. % n 81.6 80 18.4 18 76.0 98. ਖ਼૵. ᅗ 㻣㻌⾜ື䛾䝟䝑䜿䞊䝆໬ Fig. 7. Packaging decision-making process (cognition䠈decision and behavior). 㑊㞴᫬䛻ᛴ⾜䛧䛯䝍䜲䝭䞁䜾 (X2(1)=37.4,p<.01) ὠἼ䜢ぢ䜛๓䛛䜙ᛴ䛔䛰. ੳੴ. % n 22.6 7 77.4 24 24.0 31. 㑊㞴᫬䛾ᐤ䜚㐨 (X2(1)=9.6,p<.01) ᐤ䜚㐨䛒䜚䜹䝔䝂䝸䛺䛧䛒䜚 ྜィ. ᐤ䜚㐨䛺䛧. % n 70.9 39 29.1 16 42.6 55. 䜹䝔䝂䝸䛺䛧䛒䜚 ྜィ. % n 95.3 41 2 4.7 33.3 43. 㑊㞴‽ഛ (X2(1)=9.2,p<.01). ‽ഛ䛺䛧 n 䜹䝔䝂䝸 % 100.0 35 䛺䛧䛒䜚 0 0.0 27.1 35 ྜィ. ὠἼ䛸䛾㐼㐝䛺䛧 ὠἼ䛸䛾㐼㐝䛒䜚. ‽ഛ䛒䜚䜹䝔䝂䝸䛺䛧䛒䜚 ྜィ. % n 75.0 6 2 25.0 6.2 8. N=129. ᅗ 6㻌 ὠἼ㑊㞴⾜ື䛻㛵䛩䜛Ỵᐃᮌศᯒ䛾⤖ᯝ Fig. 6. Result of decision tree analysis about determinants of tsunami evacuation ࿘ᅖ䛾㆙࿌䛻䜘䜛䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䛛䛻㛵䜟䜙䛪䠈ὠἼく ᮶䛾ษ㏕ᛶ䜢ព㆑䛧䛯⾜ື䜢䛸䜛䛣䛸䛣䛭䛜⫢ᚰ䛸䛔䛘䜛䠊䛭䛣䛷䠈ᮏㄽᩥ䛷䛿㑊㞴⾜ື䛻䛚䛡䜛䛂⾜ື䛾䝟䝑䜿䞊䝆໬䛃䛾㔜せᛶ䜢୺ᙇ䛧䛯䛔䠊⾜ື䛾䝟䝑䜿䞊䝆 ໬䛸䛿䠈䝸䝇䜽䛾㎿㏿䛺ㄆ▱䛛䜙䠈䛸䜛䜉䛝⾜ື䜢㐺ษ 䛻ุ᩿䛧䠈ṇ☜䛺⾜ື䜈⛣䛧䛶䛔䛟䜎䛷䛾㑊㞴⾜ື 䛻㛵䛩䜛䛂ㄆ▱䞉ุ᩿䞉⾜ື䛃䛸䛔䛖ᚰ⌮䞉⾜ື⛉Ꮫⓗ 䛺䝥䝻䝉䝇䜢䠈୍䛴䛾䝟䝑䜿䞊䝆䛸䛧䛶㌟䛻䛴䛡䜛䛣䛸. ᅗ 8㻌 ⤮⏬໬䛥䜜䛯య㦂ㄯ (ᗉྖᑠⓒྜ䛥䜣䛾య㦂) (1) 㻌 Fig. 8. Visualization of victim’s experiences (Sayuri Shoji) (1) 䛷䛒䜛䠄ᅗ 7䠅䠊ὠἼ⅏ᐖ䛾㝿䛻䛿䠈⮬䜙䛾㌟䛻༴㝤䛜ཬ䜆䜎䛷䛾᫬㛫䛜㠀ᖖ䛻ษ㏕䛧䛶䛔䜛䛯䜑䠈⅏ᐖ 䛜Ⓨ⏕䛧䛶䝸䝇䜽䜢ㄆ▱䛧䛶䛛䜙䠈䛿䛨䜑䛶ุ᩿䞉⾜ື 䜢⪃䛘䜛䛾䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈ㄆ▱䛛䜙⾜ື䜎䛷䛾䝥䝻䝉䝇䜢䝟䝑䜿䞊䝆໬䛧䛶䠈஦๓䛻◊ಟ䞉カ⦎䛺䛹䛷య䛻ぬ䛘䛥䛫䜛䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䠊Ọ⏣䞉ᮌᮧ(2013)䛜ሗ࿌䛧䛯ᇸ⋢ ┴⇃㇂ᕷ❧ጔ἟ᑠᏛᰯ䛾ᩍ⫱஦౛䛿䛂⾜ື䛾䝟䝑䜿䞊䝆໬䛃䛜ᐃ╔䛧䛯ᡂᯝ䜢䛒䜙䜟䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊Ọ⏣䞉 ᮌᮧ䠄2013䠅䛿ඣ❺⏕ᚐ䛻䠈⥭ᛴᆅ㟈㏿ሗ䜢⪺䛔䛯䛸䛝䛾ᑐᛂ⾜ື䜢䠈⥅⥆ⓗ䛻ᩍ⫱䛧䛶䛝䛯䠊⥭ᛴᆅ 㟈㏿ሗ䜢⪺䛔䛯䜙༶ᗙ䛻ᆅ㟈䜢ㄆ▱䛧䠈㌟䜢Ᏺ䜛䛯䜑䛾㐺ษ䛺ุ᩿䜢䛧䠈ṇ☜䛻⾜ື䛩䜛䛸䛔䛖䝟䝑䜿䞊䝆໬䜢㌟䛻䛴䛡䜛䜘䛖䛻ᩍ⫱䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮䜢సᡂ䠈ᐇ⾜䛧䛯䠊䛭䛾⤖ᯝ䠈ᮾ᪥ᮏ኱㟈⅏䛾㝿䠈ከ䛟䛾ᑠᏛᰯ 䛷䛿ඣ❺⏕ᚐ䛜䝟䝙䝑䜽䜢㉳䛣䛩䛺䛹䛾ΰ஘䛜⏕䛨䛶䛔䛯䛾䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䠈ᇸ⋢┴⇃㇂ᕷ❧ጔ἟ᑠᏛᰯ䛷䛿䠈 Ἵ䛝ྉ䜣䛰䜚䛩䜛ඣ❺䛿୍ே䜒↓䛟䠈䝇䝮䞊䝈䛻㑊㞴䛜᏶஢䛧䛯䛸䛔䛖䠊ὠἼ㑊㞴䛸⥭ᛴᆅ㟈㏿ሗ䛸䛔䛖஦ ౛䛾㐪䛔䛿䛒䜛䜒䛾䛾䠈ὠἼ㑊㞴䛻䛚䛡䜛ὠἼく᮶ 䛾ษ㏕ᛶ䜢⪃䛘䜛䛸䠈䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺⾜ື䛾䝟䝑䜿䞊䝆໬ 䛿䠈㐺ษ䛺㑊㞴⾜ື䜢⾜䛖䛯䜑䛻⪃䛘䛺䛡䜜䜀䛔䛡䛺䛔䠈ே㛫䛾ᇶᮏⓗ≉ᛶ䜢཯ᫎ䛧䛯ᑐ⟇䛷䛒䜛䠊. - 179 -.

(8) ⮬Ꮿ. 71.4. 䛭䛾௚. 23.0. ᾏ. 11.7. ⫋ሙ. 5.2. .0. 10.0. 20.0. 30.0. 40.0. 50.0. 60.0. 70.0. 80.0 䠂. N=139. ᅗ 9 㑊㞴ሙᡤ䜎䛷䛾ᐤ䜚㐨䛷ྥ䛛䛳䛯ሙᡤ Fig. 9. Detour destination on the way to the evacuation site ᐤ䜚㐨䜢䛧䛺䛛䛳䛯 ⮬Ꮿ (n=52). ᐤ䜚㐨䜢䛧䛯. 59.6%. ⫋ሙ (n=53). 40.4%. 45.3%. 䛭䛾௚䛾 ሙᡤ (n=27). 54.7%. 18.5%. 0%. 81.5%. 20%. 40%. 60%. 80%. 100%. ᅗ 11㻌 ⤮⏬໬䛥䜜䛯య㦂ㄯ (ྜྷ⏣ᐃኈ䛥䜣䛾య㦂) (2)㻌 Fig. 11. Visualization of victims experiences (Teishi Yoshida) (2). ᅗ 10㻌 ᆅ㟈䛾ᦂ䜜䜢ឤ䛨䛯ሙᡤ䛸ᐤ䜚㐨䛸䛾㛵ಀ Fig. 10. Relation between “place when the disaster struck” and “detour on the way to the evacuation site” 4.3 㑊㞴‽ഛ䛻䜘䜛㑊㞴䛾㠀༶⾜ᛶ 㑊㞴䛾‽ഛ䛻᫬㛫䜢㈝䜔䛧䠈㑊㞴䜢༶ᗙ䛻⾜䜟䛺䛔䛣䛸䛿䠈㑊㞴䛾᏶஢䜢㐜䜙䛫䜛኱䛝䛺せᅉ䛸䛺䜛䠊㑊㞴‽ഛ䛿ᐙ㈈䛻㛵䛩䜛‽ഛ䛻㝈䜙䛪䠈⫋ሙ䛾䜒䛾䜢ᣢ䛱ฟ䛩‽ഛ䜢䛩䜛ሙྜ䜒䛒䜛䠊౛䛘䜀䛂䛚䜀䛾Ᏻ ྰ䜢☜ㄆ䛧䛯ᚋ䠈ඖᖒ䜢☜ಖ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻㖟⾜䜈ᡠ䛳䛯䠊௚䛾⾜ဨ䛿䜏䛺䠈⮬ศ䛾ᢸᙜ䛩䜛ඖᖒ䜔ᡭᙧ䜢 ᣢ䛱䛺䛜䜙ᒣ䛾ୖ䛻㑊㞴䛧䛶䛔䛳䛯䠊䛃(䛄ᮾ༡ᾏᆅ㟈䛾⿕⅏ㄪᰝ(඲ 13 ෉)䛅ᗉྖᑠⓒྜ䛥䜣䠈ᅗ 8)䛸䛔䛖 య㦂ㄯ䛷䛿䠈⫋ሙ䛻ᐤ䜚㐨䜢䛧䛯䛖䛘䛻䠈⫋ሙ䛾䜒䛾䜢ᣢ䛱ฟ䛩‽ഛ䜢䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺㑊㞴‽ഛ䛿⮴ ࿨ⓗ䛺㐜䜜䛸䛺䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜䛒䜛䛯䜑䠈ὠἼ㑊㞴䛾㝿䛻䛿㑊㞴‽ഛ䜢䛫䛪䛻䠈䛯䛰䛱䛻㑊㞴⾜ື䛻⛣䜛䜉䛝䛷䛒䜛䠊 4.4 㑊㞴ሙᡤ䜈䛾㠀┤⾜ᛶ ༶ᗙ䛻㧗ྎ䛻┤⾜䛫䛪䛻䠈㑊㞴᫬䛾ᐤ䜚㐨䜢䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿䠈㑊㞴䛾᏶஢䜢ᙉ䛟㜼ᐖ䛩䜛䠊ᅗ 9 䜢ぢ䜛䛸䠈ᐤ 䜚㐨䜢䛧䛶ྥ䛛䛳䛯ඛ䛿⮬Ꮿ䛜᭱䜒ከ䛛䛳䛯䠊䛣䜜䛿 ᐙᒇ䜔ᐙ᪘䛾Ᏻྰ☜ㄆ䜢⾜䛚䛖䛸䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ཎᅉ䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊䛭䛾䛯䜑⮬Ꮿ௨እ䛾ሙᡤ䛷ᆅ 㟈䛾ᦂ䜜䜢ឤ䛨䛯ே䛿Ᏻྰ☜ㄆ䛾䛯䜑⮬Ꮿ䛻ྥ䛛䛖 ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜㧗䛔䛸᥎ 䛥䜜䜛䠊ᆅ㟈䛾ᦂ䜜䜢ឤ䛨䛯ሙ. ᡤ䛸㑊㞴᫬䛾ᐤ䜚㐨䛾㛵ಀ䜢䜏䜛䛸᭷ព䛺ᕪ䛜䛒䜚䠄X2(1)=11.0, p<.01䠅䠈⮬Ꮿ䛷ᆅ㟈䛾ᦂ䜜䜢ឤ䛨䛯ே 䛜᭱䜒ᐤ䜚㐨䜢䛩䜛๭ྜ䛜ప䛟䠈䛭䜜௨እ䛾ሙᡤ䛷䛿 ᐤ䜚㐨䛩䜛๭ྜ䛜㧗䛟䛺䛳䛶䛔䛯䠄ᅗ 10䠅䠊䛣䜜䜙䛾ศ ᯒ䛛䜙䠈Ᏻྰ☜ㄆ䛾䛯䜑䛻㑊㞴䛾᏶஢䛜㐜䜜䛶䛔䜛䜿䞊䝇䛜ከ䛔䛣䛸䛜䛖䛛䛜䛘䜛䠊య㦂ㄯ䛷䜒䛂䛄䛖䛱䜈 ᖐ䛳䛯䜙䠈ẕぶ䛜ᚅ䛳䛸䜛䛅䛸ᛮ䛳䛶䠈䝇䝇䜻䛾✑䜢ධ 䜜䛯⿄䜢ᣢ䛳䛯䜎䜎䠈ᾏἢ䛔䛻䛒䜛䛖䛱䛻ྥ䛛䛳䛶㉮䛳䛶⾜䛳䛯䜣䛥䠊䠄୰␎䠅ὠἼ䛜䛹䜣䛹䜣ୖ䛜䛳䛶䛝䛶 ᐙ䛻㛢䛨䛣䜑䜙䜜䛯䠊䜋䛔䛷䛯䜆䜣ᐙ䛤䛸䛹䞊䛳䛸ὶ 䛥䜜䛯䛾䛛䛺䠈䜒䛖䛭䛣䛷⚾䛿Ẽ䜢ኻ䛳䛶グ᠈䛜䛺䛟䛺䛳䛶䛧䜎䛖䜣䛥䛽䠊䛃(䛄ᮾ༡ᾏᆅ㟈䛾⿕⅏ㄪᰝ(඲ 13 ෉)䛅ྜྷ⏣ᐃኈ䛥䜣䠈ᅗ 11䠅䛸䛔䛖䜘䛖䛻䠈Ᏻྰ☜ㄆ䛻 ྥ䛛䛳䛯䛣䛸䛷䠈࿨䜢ⴠ䛸䛩༴㝤䛻䛥䜙䛥䜜䛯䜿䞊䝇䛜䜏䜙䜜䛯䠊 ὠἼ㑊㞴᫬䛾Ᏻྰ☜ㄆ䛻㛵䛧䛶䛿䠈䛂ὠἼ䛶䜣䛷䜣䛣䛃䛾ᩍカ䜢ඹ᭷䛧䛶䛔䛟䛣䛸䛜㔜せ䛸䛺䜛䠊䛂ὠἼ 䛶䜣䛷䜣䛣䛃䛸䛿ὠἼ䛾ᖖ⩦ᾏᓊ䛸⛠䛥䜜䛯୕㝣ἢᓊ 㒊䛻ఏ䜟䜛ὠἼ䛻䜘䜛≛≅䜢ᑡ䛺䛟䛩䜛䛯䜑䛾ᡄ䜑䛾ゝⴥ䛷䛒䜛䠊䛣䛾ᩍ䛘䛿䠈ᑠ䛥䛺ᦂ䜜䛾ᚋ䛷୙ព䛻 ᢲ䛧ᐤ䛫䛶᮶䛯᫂἞ 29 ᖺ(1896)䛾୕㝣ὠἼ䛾䛸䛝䠈ぶᏊ䠈඗ᘵ䠈ጜጒ䛺䛹䠈ᐙ᪘䛜஫䛔䛻ຓ䛡ྜ䛚䛖䛸䛧. - 180 -.

(9) 䛿䠈ὠἼく᮶䛾ษ㏕ᛶ䜢ព㆑䛧䛶ᛴ⾜䛧䠈㑊㞴‽ഛ 䛻䜘䜛㑊㞴䛾㠀༶⾜ᛶ䜔ᐤ䜚㐨䛸䛔䛳䛯㑊㞴ሙᡤ䜈䛾㠀┤⾜ᛶ䜢ᢚไ䞉᤼㝖䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜≉䛻㔜せ䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䛳䛯䠊ὠἼく᮶䛾ษ㏕ᛶ䜢ព㆑䛧䠈⾜ື䛾䝟䝑䜿䞊䝆໬䛻ᇶ䛵䛔䛶㑊㞴⾜ື䜢⾜䛖䛣䛸䛷䠈㑊㞴䛾䛝䛳䛛䛡䛜ᆅ㟈䠙ὠἼ㐃᝿䛛࿘ᅖ䛾㆙࿌䛛䛻㛵䜟䜙䛪䠈⿕ᐖ䜢ච䜜䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈㑊㞴ሙᡤ䜈䛾㠀┤⾜ᛶ䜢⪃䛘䜛䛖䛘䛷䛿䠈䛂ὠἼ䛶䜣䛷䜣䛣䛃䛾ᩍ カ䜢෌ㄆ㆑䛧䠈ඹ᭷䛧䛶䛔䛟䛣䛸䛜㔜せ䛷䛒䜛䠊 ᮏㄽᩥ䛷ᢅ䛳䛯య㦂ㄯ䛾䜋䛸䜣䛹䛿䠈⮬἞య䞉⮬ ἞఍䛜䜎䛸䜑䛯య㦂ㄯ㞟䛛䜙ᚓ䜙䜜䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜚䠈⿕ ⅏⪅䛜⮬⏤䛻᝿㉳䛧グ㏙䛧䛯ᙧᘧ䛾䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊䛭䛾䛯䜑య㦂⪅㛫䛻䛚䛡䜛グ㏙ෆᐜ䛻୍㈏ᛶ䞉ᵓ㐀ᛶ 䛜Ꮡᅾ䛧䛺䛔䠊య㦂ㄯ䛻䜘䛳䛶䠈グ㏙䛾㔞䜔ෆᐜ䛜䜀䜙䜀䜙䛷䛒䜚䠈䝁䞊䝕䜱䞁䜾䛧䛯㝿䛻ᚲ↛ⓗ䛻Ḟᦆ ್䛜ከ䛟䛺䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䛳䛯䠊౛䛘䜀䠈௒ᚋ䠈ᚋୡ䛻ṧ 䛩䛯䜑䛻᪂䛯䛻య㦂ㄯ䜢཰㞟䛩䜛㝿䛻䛿䠈༙ᵓ㐀໬ 㠃᥋ἲ䜢⏝䛔䛯཰㞟ἲ䛜᭷ຠ䛷䛒䜛䠊༙ᵓ㐀໬㠃᥋ ἲ䛸䛿䠈㉁ၥ඲య䛾ෆᐜ䜔ᵓ㐀䜢タィ䛧䛯ୖ䛷䠈ᐇ 㝿䛻䜲䞁䝍䝡䝳䞊䜢䛩䜛㝿䛻䛿୍ᐃ䛾㉁ၥ䛻䛧䛯䛜䛔㠃᥋䜢䛩䛩䜑䛺䛜䜙䠈⿕㠃᥋⪅䛾≧ἣ䜔ᅇ⟅䛻ᛂ 䛨䛶㠃᥋⪅䛜㉁ၥ䛾⾲⌧䠈㡰ᗎ䠈ෆᐜ䜢⮫ᶵᛂኚ䛻 ኚ䛘䜛㠃᥋ἲ䛷䛒䜛[ಖᆏ䞉௚(2000)]䠊༙ᵓ㐀໬㠃᥋ ἲ䛿䠈ㄪᰝ䛾ᵓ㐀䜢䜒䛱䛺䛜䜙䠈㠃᥋⪅䛾ᑐᛂ䛾ᰂ ㌾ᛶ䜢䜒䛱䛒䜟䛫䛶䛔䜛䠊タィ䛧䛯ᵓ㐀䛻ᇶ䛵䛔䛯 ୍ᐃ䛾㉁ၥ䛻䜘䛳䛶䠈⿕⅏⪅㛫䛾ẚ㍑䛜ᐜ᫆䛻⾜䜟䜜䛯䜚䠈Ḟᦆ್䛾ῶᑡ䛻䜘䜚ᬑ㐢ᛶ䛾᳨ウ䛜ᐜ᫆䛻䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖䛻䛺䜛䠊䛥䜙䛻䠈㠃᥋⪅䛜⿕㠃᥋⪅䛾≧ἣ 䜔ᅇ⟅䛻ᛂ䛨䛯ᑐᛂ䜢䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈⿕⅏⪅䛾㑊㞴⾜ ື䛻㛵䜟䜛ヲ⣽䛺⫼ᬒ䜢ᢕᥱ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䠊༙ᵓ 㐀໬㠃᥋ἲ䜢⏝䛔䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈㉁ၥ⣬ἲ䛻䛚䛡䜛ẚ㍑ §5. 䜎䛸䜑 ᐜ᫆ᛶ䛸㠃᥋ἲ䛾ᰂ㌾ᛶ䜢ᣢ䛴ㄪᰝ䛜ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜚䠈 ᮏ◊✲䛷䛿䠈య㦂ㄯ䜢䝁䞊䝕䜱䞁䜾䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷⤫ィ⿕⅏⪅య㦂ㄯ䛾཰㞟䛻᭷ຠ䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊ゎᯒ䛻㐺⏝䛩䜛ศᯒᡭἲ䜢ᥦ᱌䛧䠈1944 ᖺᮾ༡ᾏ ௒ୡ⣖๓༙䛻༡ᾏ䝖䝷䝣ᕧ኱ᆅ㟈䛾Ⓨ⏕䛜༴᝹䛥 ᆅ㟈䛻䛚䛡䜛య㦂ㄯ䛾ศᯒ䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊䜎䛯䠈ศᯒ⤖ 䜜䛶䛔䜛⌧ᅾ䠈ὠἼ䛿ప㢖ᗘ஦㇟䛷䛿䛺䛟䛂䜟䛜䛣䛸 ᯝ䛸䛧䛶௨ୗ䛾▱ぢ䞉ᩍカ䜢ᢳฟ䛧䛯䠊 ព㆑䛃[ᮌᮧ(2013)]䜢ᣢ䛳䛶௒ᚋ஌䜚ษ䛳䛶䛔䛛䛺䛡 ᆅ㟈䠙ὠἼ㐃᝿䛿ṇᖖᛶ䝞䜲䜰䝇䛾䜘䛖䛺ே㛫≉ 䜜䜀䛺䜙䛺䛔஦㇟䛷䛒䜛䠊ᮾ᪥ᮏ኱㟈⅏䛾య㦂ㄯ䛻 ᛶ䛻䜘䜚䠈㑊㞴㛤ጞ䛻ᚲ䛪䛧䜒┤⤖䛧䛺䛔䠊䛭䛾䛯䜑䠈䛴䛔䛶䜒䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺⪃䛘᪉䛻䜘䛳䛶ᮍ᮶䜈ά䛛䛩䛣䛸 ᆅ㟈䠙ὠἼ㐃᝿䛻ᇶ䛵䛔䛶䠈⮬䜙䛾ุ᩿䛷㑊㞴䜢㛤䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾᳨ウ䛜ᛴ䛜䜜䜛䠊䛭䛾㝿䠈䛯䛰༢䛻య㦂 ጞ䛩䜛䛻䛿ṇᖖᛶ䝞䜲䜰䝇䛻ᡴ䛱຾䛯䛺䛡䜜䜀䛺䜙 ᩥ䞉ឤ᝿ᩥ䜢᭩䛟䛰䛡䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈䜲䞁䝍䝡䝳䞊ㄪᰝ䛾ෆ 䛺䛔䠊䜎䛯䠈㑊㞴㛤ጞ䛾Ⓨືᅉ䜢䜏䜛䛸䠈࿘ᅖ䛛䜙䛾 ᐜ䞉ᵓ㐀䜢タィ䛧䛯䛖䛘䛷య㦂ㄯ䜢཰㞟䛧䠈ᮏ◊✲䛷 ㆙࿌䛷㑊㞴䜢ጞ䜑䛯ே䛜᭱䜒ከ䛟䠈ྠㄪᛶ䝞䜲䜰䝇 ᥦ᱌䛧䛯ศᯒᡭἲ䜢㐺⏝䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿᭷⏝䛺᪉ἲ䛾 1 䛜㑊㞴䜢ಁ㐍䛧䛶䛔䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜䜏䜙䜜䛯䠊⮬ᕫุ᩿ 䛴䛷䛒䜛䛸⪃䛘䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䠊䛻䜘䜛㑊㞴䛛࿘ᅖ䛾㆙࿌䛻䜘䜛㑊㞴䛛䛸䛔䛖㑊㞴䛾 Ⓨືᅉ䛾㐪䛔䛿䠈㑊㞴䛾ᡂྰ䛻኱䛝䛺ᙳ㡪䛜䛺䛔䛯 ㅰ㎡䜑䠈࿘ᅖ䛾㆙࿌䛻䜘䜛㑊㞴䜒㐺ษ䛺⾜ື䛻䛴䛺䛜䛳㻌 ༏ྡ䛚䜘䜃ᑠᒣ┿⣖༤ኈ䛾ᰝㄞ䛸⦅㞟ᢸᙜ䛾ᯇ 䛶䛔䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊 ᾆᚊᏊ༤ኈ䛻䜘䛳䛶ᮏㄽ䛿ᨵၿ䛥䜜䛯䠊グ䛧䛶ឤㅰ 㑊㞴⾜ື䜢ಁ㐍䞉㜼ᐖ䛩䜛せᅉ䜢᫂䜙䛛䛻䛩䜛䛯䛩䜛䠊䜑䛻䠈Ỵᐃᮌศᯒ䜢⾜䛳䛯⤖ᯝ䠈䛂ᛴ⾜䛩䜛䝍䜲䝭䞁 ᑐ㇟ᆅ㟈䠖1944 ᖺᮾ༡ᾏᆅ㟈䜾䛃䠈䛂㑊㞴᫬䛾ᐤ䜚㐨䛃䠈䛂㑊㞴‽ഛ䛃䛾 3 䛴䛾ኚᩘ䛜 ᢳฟ䛥䜜䛯䠊ศᯒ⤖ᯝ䛛䜙䠈㐺ษ䛺㑊㞴⾜ື䜢⾜䛖䛻. 䛶⤖ᒁ䛿ඹಽ䜜⌧㇟䜢᮶䛯䛧䛯య㦂䛛䜙䛝䛶䛔䜛䠊䛂䛶䜣䛷䜣䛃䛸䛿䛂䛶䜣䛷䛻䛃䛂㖭㖭䛻䛃䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛷䠈䛭䜜䛻୕㝣ᆅ᪉ㄒ䛻≉᭷䛾䛂䛣䛃䛜௜䛔䛶䛂ὠἼ䛶䜣䛷䜣䛣䛃䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䛾䛿䠈ὠἼ䛾䛸䛝䛿஫䛔䛻ே䛾䛣䛸䛻䛿ᵓ䜟䛪䛻ぶ䛷䜒Ꮚ䛷䜒䛂⮬ศ䛾࿨䛿⮬ศ䛷Ᏺ 䜜䛃䠈ඹಽ䜜䛾ᝒ๻䜢㜵䛤䛖䛸䛔䛖䛾䛜┿ព䛸䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊[໭ཎ䞉௚(2012)]䠊௒᪥䛾䛂⅏ᐖ᫬せ᥼ㆤ⪅䛃䛾ၥ 㢟䠈య䛾୙⮬⏤䛺䛚ᖺᐤ䜚䜔㞀ᐖ⪅䛾㑊㞴䛿䛹䛖䛩䜛䛾䛛䛸䛔䛖ၥ㢟䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䛿䠈ᒣୗ(2008)䛜䠈⅏ᐖ᫬ せ᥼ㆤ⪅䛾ၥ㢟䜢䛭䛾ᐙᗞ䜎䛛䛫䛻䛩䜛䛾䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈 ᆅᇦ䞉㞟ⴠ඲య䛾ၥ㢟䛸䛧䛶ᤊ䛘䜛䜉䛝䛰䛸ᣦ᦬䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊⮬୺㜵⅏⤌⧊䛺䛹䛷ᡭຓ䛡䛩䜛ே䚻䜢䝸䝇䝖໬ 䛧䠈ㄡ䛜ㄡ䛾㑊㞴䜢䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻ᡭຓ䛡䛩䜛䛛䜢⪃䛘䠈 ᚲせ㈨ჾᮦ䜢ᩚഛ䛩䜛䛺䛹䠈᪥㡭䛛䜙䛾ྲྀ䜚Ỵ䜑䛸‽ ഛ䞉カ⦎䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䜛䠊䛣䜜䛿䛂⮬ศ䛾࿨䛿⮬ศ䛷Ᏺ 䜛䛃䛸䛔䛖⪃䛘᪉䜢ᇶᮏ䛸䛧䛯䛂⮬ศ䛯䛱䛾ᆅᇦ䛿⮬ศ 䛯䛱䛷Ᏺ䜛䛃䛸䛔䛖㜵⅏ᛮ᝿䛾ᐇ㊶䛷䛒䛳䛶Ỵ䛧䛶▩ ┪䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈䛯䛰₍↛䛸䛂䜏䜣䛺䛷ᡭຓ䛡䛧䛺䛡䜜䜀…䛃䛸䛔䛖⮬ព㆑䛜䠈䛔䛦䛸䛔䛖᫬䛻䛛䛘䛳䛶ΰ ஘䜢ᣍ䛝䠈ඹಽ䜜䜢ቑ䜔䛩䛣䛸䛻䛴䛺䛜䜛䛸䛔䜟䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊㐣ཤ䛾⅏ᐖ஦౛䛛䜙䛾ᩍカ䛻ὀ┠䛧䠈య㦂ㄯ䛛䜙 సᡂ䛧䛯䝕䞊䝍䝉䝑䝖䛻䛴䛔䛶ලయⓗ䛺ศᯒ⤖ᯝ䜢䜒䛸䛻⪃ᐹ䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻య㦂ㄯ䜢ά⏝䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿䠈㐣䛞䛯䜒䛾䜢䛯䛰ᩚ⌮䛩䜛䛰䛡䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈௒ᚋ䛾㜵⅏ᑐ⟇䜢䛩䛩䜑䜛䛖䛘䛷᭷⏝䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜛䠊䜒䛱䜝䜣ᮏ◊✲䛷ᥦ᱌䛧䛯ᡭἲ䛜䠈య㦂ㄯ䛾ά⏝᪉ ἲ䛾඲䛶䛷䛿䛺䛔䠊㐣ཤ䛾⅏ᐖ䛻䛚䛡䜛య㦂ㄯ䛾㔜せᛶ䜢෌ㄆ㆑䛧䠈⌧ᅾ䛻ά䛛䛩䛯䜑䛾᪉⟇䜢䠈௒ᚋ 䜒ᥦ᱌䛧䛶䛔䛟䛣䛸䛜ồ䜑䜙䜜䜛䠊. - 181 -.

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