新潟県の情報通信インフラと災害に対する情報通信への課題

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(1)2006−IS−98（1） 2006／11／6. 社団法人情報処理学会研究報告 IPSJ SIG Technical Report. ᣂẟ⋵䈱ᖱႎㅢା䉟䊮䊐䊤䈫 ἴኂ䈮ኻ䈜䉎ᖱႎㅢା䈻䈱⺖㗴㩷ㄭ⮮㩷 ㅴ㩷㩷 ⧯᦬㩷 ትⴕ㩷 ᣂẟ࿖㓙ᖱႎᄢቇ㩷㩷 ᣂẟ⋵䈱ᖱႎㅢା䉟䊮䊐䊤䈫ἴኂ䈮ኻ䈜䉎ㅢା䈻䈱⺖㗴䈮䈧䈇䈩䇮৻⥸ኅᐸ䈻䈱䉝䊮䉬䊷䊃⺞ᩏ䉕ⴕ 䈦䈢䇯⋵ౝ䈪䈱䊂䉳䉺䊦䊂䉞䊋䉟䊄䈱น⢻ᕈ䉕䉂䉎䈢䉄䊙䉾䊏䊮䉫䉕ⴕ䈦䈢䇯䈖䈱⚿ᨐㇺᏒㇱ䈫ਛጊ㑆࿾ ၞ䈪䈲ᄢ䈐䈭Ꮕ䈏䈅䉍䇮ㆊ⇹ൻ㜞㦂ൻ䈱ᓇ㗀䈏䈉䈎䈏䈋䉎䇯ἴኂᤨ䈱ᖱႎ෼㓸䈪䈲㔚ജ䈮ኻ䈜䉎ਇ቟䈎䉌䊤䉳䉥䈏ᦼᓙ䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎䈖䈫䇮⊒ା䈮䈲៤Ꮺ㔚⹤䉇࿕ቯ㔚⹤䈫䈇䈦䈢৻⥸⊛䈭ᯏེ䈮ᦼᓙ䈚䈩䈇䉎䈖䈫䈏䉒䈎䉎䇯㩷 A questionnaire survey has been done on the information infrastructure and personal disaster prevention in Niigata prefecture. The result was plotted on a map to find digital-divide phenomena. The distribution of the answerers showed that there is a difference between urban and rural region. This indicates an influence of depopulation. The radio was selected as the most convenient equipment to get the information about disaster, because it works even when the electric power was not supplied. The conventional equipment such as cell phone or telephone was selected as a method to inform their damages or states. 㩷䋱䋮㩷䈲䈛䉄䈮㩷ㄭᐕ䇮ᣂẟ⋵䈪䈲ᄢ䈐䈭⥄ὼἴኂ䈏ㅪ⛯䈚䈩⊒↢䈚䈩䈇䉎䇯ᐔᚑ 㪈㪍 ᐕ 㪎 ᦬䈱᳓ኂ䇮㪈㪇 ᦬䈱ᣂẟ⋵ਛ ⿧࿾㔡䇮ᐔᚑ 㪈㪏 ᐕ䈱⽕㔐╬䈪䈅䉎䇯䈖䉏䉌䇮⥄ὼἴኂ䈮ઃ㓐䈚䈩ㅢା䈱䈅䉍ᣇ䈮䈧䈇䈩䉅⒳䇱䈱ᬌ⸛䈏䈭䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎䇯ᐔᚑ 㪈㪍 ᐕ䈱ᣂẟ⋵ਛ⿧࿾㔡䈮䈧䈇䈩䈲䇮䇸ᄢ㔡ἴ䈮ኻ䈜䉎ᖱႎㅢା䈱䈅䉍䈎䈢䇹䉕䈲䈛䉄䇮⹦⚦䈭ႎ๔䈏䈭䈘䉏䇮䈠䉏䉌䈱ౝኈ䉅ᐢ▸࿐⹦⚦䈮䉒䈢䈦䈩䈇䉎䇯㪲㪈㪴㪲㪉㪴㪲㪊㪴㩷 ⥄ᴦ૕䈮䈧䈇䈩䈲ᄙ䈒䈱⹦⚦䈭⺞ᩏ䈏䈭䈘䉏䇮⋥ធ䈱ⵍἴ⠪䈮䈧䈇䈩䉅ห᭽䈪䈅䉎䇯䈠䈖䈪ᧄ⺞ᩏ⎇ ⓥ䈪䈲䇮䉋䉍ᐢ䈇▸࿐䉕ኻ⽎䈫䈚ᣂẟ⋵ోၞ䈱৻⥸ኅᐸ䉕䈫䉍䈅䈕䈢䇯䈖䈱ਛ䈮䈲ⵍἴ䈘䉏䈢ᣇ䉅䇮りㄭ䈮ἴኂ䉕⚻㛎䈚䈢ᣇ䉅฽䉁䉏䉎䇯ᧄ⎇ⓥ䈪䈲䇮䈖䉏䉌䈱ⷰὐ䈎䉌ἴኂ䈫ㅢା䈮䈧䈇䈩⺞ᩏ䉕ⴕ䈦䈢䇯㪲㪋㪴㩷㩷䋲䋮⺞ᩏ⺖㗴㩷䉁䈝䇮ᖱႎㅢାᯏེ䈱଻᦭䉅⁁ᴫ䉕⺞ᩏ䈚䈢䇯ᰴ䈮䇮ἴኂᤨ䈮䈬䈱䉋䈉䈮ᖱႎ䉕ขᓧ䈚䇮⊒ା䈜䉎䈱䈎䇮䉁䈢䇮䈠䈱䈫䈐䈱໧㗴ὐ䊶ᦼᓙ䈜䉎䈖䈫䈲૗䈎䈮䈧䈇䈩⺞䈼䈢䇯䈖䈱࿾ၞ䈪䈲ᄙ䈒䈱ἴኂ䉕૕㛎䈚䈩䈍䉍䇮ἴኂᤨ䈮䈧䈇䈩ᱜ⏕䈭ᖱႎ䈏ᓧ䉌䉏䉎䈫ᦼᓙ䈪䈐䉎䇯䈘䉌䈮䇮࿾ᣇ․᦭䈱㜞㦂ൻ䊶ㆊ⇹ൻ䈏ㅴ䉖䈪䈇䉎䇯ห䈛⋵ౝ䈪䉅䇮ㇺᏒㇱ䈫ਛጊ㑆࿾ၞ䈱Ꮕ⇣䉕᣿⏕䈮䈜䉎ᔅⷐ䈏䈅䉎䇯䈖䉏䉌䈱ὐ䈮⌕⋡䈚䈩⺞ᩏ䉕ⴕ 䈦䈢䇯㩷⺞ᩏ䈲䇮ㇷㅍ䉝䊮䉬䊷䊃䈮䉋䉍ⴕ䈦䈢䇯╙䋱࿁⋡䈲䇮䊊䊨䊷䊕䊷䉳䈎䉌㪌㪉㪐 ฬ䉕ή૞ὑ䈮᛽಴䈚ᐔᚑ 㪈㪎. −1− 1.

(2) ᐕ䋹᦬ 㪈㪍 ᣣ䈮ㇷㅍ䈚䇮㪈㪇 ᦬ 㪈㪌 ᣣ䈮✦䉄ಾ䈦䈢䇯㪈㪍㪌 ฬ䈎䉌࿁╵䈏䈅䈦䈢䇯䈖䉏䉕એᓟ䇸䋹᦬⺞ᩏ䇹䈫䈜䉎䇯 ╙䋲࿁⋡䈲ห᭽䈮䈚䈩㪌㪊㪋 ฬ䉕᛽಴䈚䇮㪈㪉 ᦬䋲䋵ᣣ䈮ㇷㅍ䈚㪈㪏 ᐕ䋱᦬ 㪉㪌 ᣣ䈮✦䉄ಾ䈦䈢䇯㪈㪋㪊 ฬ䈎䉌࿁ ╵䈏ᓧ䉌䉏䈢䇯䈖䉏䉕㪈㪉 ᦬⺞ᩏ䈫䈜䉎䇯㩷㩷䋳䋮ㅢାᯏེ䈱଻᦭⁁ᴫ㩷. 䊘䉬䉾䊃䊔䊦. 㩷 ㅢାᯏེ䈱ᚲ᦭⁁ᴫ䈮. 㪧㪟㪪. 䈧䈇䈩䈢䈝䈰䈢䇯䊌䉸䉮䊮. ៤Ꮺ㔚⹤. ⥄૕䈲ᄖㇱ䈫䈱ㅢାᯏ⢻. 䊌䉸䉮䊮. 䉕䉅䈢䈭䈇䈏䇮䉟䊮䉺䊷䊈. శㅢା. 䉾䊃䇮䊜䊷䊦䈮↪䈇䉎䈖䈫䈪. 䉬䊷䊑䊦䊁䊧䊎. ㅢାᯏེ䈫䈚䇮䈅䉒䈞䈩଻ ᦭⁁ᴫ䉕⺞䈼䈢䇯࿑䋱䈲㪐. 㪐᦬ 㪈㪉᦬. 㪘㪛㪪㪣䊐䉜䉪䉲䊚䊥. ᦬䊶㪈㪉 ᦬䈮䈍䈔䉎ㅢାᯏ 㪠㪪㪛㪥. ེ䈱଻᦭⁁ᴫ䉕␜䈜䇯㔚 ⹤䈲䋸䋰䌾䋹䋰䋦䈱ኅᐸ䈪 ଻᦭䈚䈩䈇䉎䇯៤Ꮺ㔚⹤. 㔚⹤ 㪇㪅㪇㩼. 㪉㪇㪅㪇㩼. 㪋㪇㪅㪇㩼. 㪍㪇㪅㪇㩼. 㪏㪇㪅㪇㩼. 㪈㪇㪇㪅㪇㩼. 䈲㪊 ಽ䈱䋲䈱ኅᐸ䈪ᚲ᦭䈚㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 ࿑䋱㩷 ㅢାᚻᲑ䈱଻᦭⁁ᴫ㩷䈩䈇䉎䇯୘ੱ䈱㪊 ಽ䈱䋲䈏㩷 ᚲ᦭䈚䈩䈇䉎䈮䉅䈎䈎䉒䉌䈝䇮ᣂẟ ⋵䈪䈲㪊 ಽ䈱䋱䈱ኅᐸ䈏ᚲ᦭䈚䈩䈇䈭䈇䇯䈖䉏䈲䇮㜞㦂⠪䈣䈔䈱ኅ ᐸ䈭䈬䈲ᚲ᦭䈚䈩䈇䈭䈇䈖䈫䈮䉋䉎䇯䊌䉸䉮䊮䈲䋵䋰䋦ᒙ䈪䇮䈾䈿ඨᢙ䈱 ኅᐸ䈮䈅䉎䈖䈫䈏䉒䈎䉎䇯ᐔᚑ 㪈㪎 ᐕ䈱㪐 ᦬䈫㪈㪉 ᦬䈱⺞ᩏ䈱䈢䉄䇮䈖䈱䋳䊱᦬㑆䈮⪺䈚䈇ᄌൻ䈲䈭䈇䇯䈚䈎䈚㪘㪛㪪㪣䉇శㅢା䈱િ䈶䈏ᄢ䈐䈒䇮䊑䊨䊷䊄䊋䊮䊄䈏⌕ታ䈮ᶐㅘ䈚䈧䈧䈅䉎䈖䈫䈏䉒䈎䉎䇯㩷㩷 ࿑䋲㩷䈲䇮䊑䊨䊷䊄䊋䊮䊄䈱଻᦭ ⁁ᴫ䉕␜䈜䇯଻᦭⁁ᴫ䉕⷗䉎䈫ㇺ Ꮢㇱ䊶ᐙ✢㆏〝ᴪ䈇䈮㓸ਛ䈜䉎௑㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 ࿑䋲㩷䊑䊨䊷䊄䊋䊮䊄䈱଻᦭⁁ᴫ㩷䋨㪐 ᦬䊶䋱䋲᦬䋩㩷 ะ䈏䈅䉎䇯ᣥ⷏⫱ේ㇭䊶ᣥਅ↰᧛䊶㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷䃂࿕ቯ㔚⹤㩷㩷䂾䊑䊨䊷䊄䊋䊮䊄㩷 ᣥᩔየᏒ䈍䉋䈶ᨰፒᏒ䈱ධㇱ࿾ၞ㩷䈮䊑䊨䊷䊄䊋䊮䊄䈱ⓨ⊕ၞ䈏䈅䉎䇯㩷. −2− 2.

(3) 䋴䋮ἴኂ䈫ᖱႎㅢା㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㪍㪇㪅㪇㩼. 䋴䋮䋱 ㅢାᚻᲑ㩷 ἴኂᤨ䇮䈫䉍䉒䈔ⵍἴ䈚䈢䈫䈐䈱ᖱ ႎㅢା䈲㊀ⷐ䈪䈅䉎䇯ᣂẟ⋵ਛ⿧. 㪌㪇㪅㪇㩼㪋㪇㪅㪇㩼. ࿾㔡䈱䈫䈐䉅䇮㔡Ḯ䈮ㄭ䈇䈫䈖䉐䈪䈲ㅢା䈏ㅜ⛘䈋䇮৻ㇱ䈪䈲⠉ᦺ. 㪊㪇㪅㪇㩼. ⓨ䈎䉌⏕⹺䈜䉎䉁䈪ⵍἴᖱႎ䈲ᓧ. 㪉㪇㪅㪇㩼. 䋹᦬ 㪈㪉᦬. 䉌䉏䈭䈎䈦䈢䇯৻ᣇ䇮ᓳᣥᵴേ䈪㪈㪇㪅㪇㩼. 㪤㪚㪘䉇࿾ၞ᡼ㅍዪ䈏ᵴべ䈚䈢䇯㓸⪭Ფ䈮ⴡᤊ៤Ꮺ䈏ᔅⷐ䈪䈅䉎. 㪪㪧㪟. ઁ 䈱. 䉟. 䊮. 䈠. 䊈. 䉾䊃. ㅍ 䉺䊷. ᤊ. ή. 㒐 ἴ. ⴡ. ᡽ ⴕ. ᡼. ✢. ⹤ 㔚. Ꮺ ៤. ਄. 䊁䊧. ૶↪䈚䈩䈇䉎䉅䈱䈪䈭䈔䉏䈳㜞㦂. 䊎 ࿾. 䊤䉳. ╬䈱ᗧ⷗䉅䈅䉎䇯䈖䈖䈪䈲䇮ㅢᏱ䇮. ᵄ. 䉥. 㪇㪅㪇㩼. ⠪䈏૶䈇䈖䈭䈞䈭䈇䈫䈇䈉㩷 ⷰὐ䈎䉌䇮৻⥸⊛䈮Ᏹ↪䈚䈩䈇䉎㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 ࿑䋳㩷 ἴኂᤨ䈮ᖱႎ෼㓸䈜䉎ᚻᲑ㩷䉅䈱䈱ਛ䈎䉌䈬䈱ㅢାᇦ૕䈮ᦼᓙ䈜䉎䈎䈮䈧䈇䈩⺞䈼䈢䇯㩷 ࿑䋳䈲䇮ἴኂᤨ䈱ᖱႎ෼㓸䈪䉅䈦䈫䉅ା㗬䈜䉎ㅢାᚻᲑ䉕䈚䉄䈜䇯ㆬᛯ⢇䈲䇮៤Ꮺ㔚⹤䊶㪧㪟㪪䊶䊤䉳䉥䊶䊁䊧䊎䋨࿾਄ᵄ䋩䊶ⴡᤊ᡼ㅍ䊶࿕ቯ㔚⹤䊶䉟䊮䉺䊷䊈䉾䊃䊶㒐ἴⴕ᡽ή✢䊶䈠䈱ઁ䋨⥄↱⸥ㅀ䋩䈫䈚䈢䇯䋱䈧䈣䈔䉕ㆬᛯ䈜䉎⸳໧䈪䈅䈦䈢䈏䇮ⶄᢙ࿁╵䈱႐ว䉅䈅䉍䇮ว⸘䈲ᔅ䈝䈚䉅䋱䋰䋰䋦䈫䈲䈭䉌䈭䈇䇯㪐 ᦬䈫㪈㪉 ᦬䉕 ಽ䈔䈩㓸⸘䈚䈢䇯䊤䉳䉥䈱ᖱႎ䉕ᦼᓙ䈜䉎ੱ䈲䋵䋰䋦䇮䊁䊧䊎䈲䋴䋰䌾䋳䋰䋦䇮៤Ꮺ㔚⹤䈏䋳䋰䌾䋲䋰䋦䈪䈅䉍䇮 ࿕ቯ㔚⹤䇮㒐ἴⴕ᡽ή✢䇮ⴡᤊ᡼ㅍ䇮䉟䊮䉺䊷䊈䉾䊃䈫⛯䈒䇯㩷㩷䊁䊧䊎䈱ᖱႎ㊂䈲䊤䉳䉥䈮Ყ䈼㕖Ᏹ䈮ఝ䉏䈩䈇䉎䇯䈚䈎䈚䇮㔚ജ䈻䈱ਇ቟䈎䉌䊤䉳䉥䈏ᖱႎ෼㓸䈱ᚻ Ბ䈫䈚䈩ᦼᓙ䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎䇯㪐 ᦬䈱⺞ᩏ䈪䈲䇮䊁䊧䊎䈲䊤䉳䉥䈫ห⒟ᐲᦼᓙ䈘䉏䉎ᖱႎᇦ૕䈪䈅䈦䈢䇯䈚䈎䈚䇮 ᐔᚑ 㪈㪎 ᐕ 㪈㪉 ᦬ 㪉㪉 ᣣ䈮᥸㘑㔐䈮䉋䉎ᄢ஗㔚䈏ᣂẟᏒ䉇ਅ⿧࿾඙䈪⊒↢䈚䈢䇯䈖䈱䈢䉄㔚ജ䈱ᔅⷐ䈭䊁䊧䊎䈲ᖱႎ㊂䈏ᄙ䈇䈮䉅䈎䈎䉒䉌䈝䇮ἴኂᤨ䈮ା㗬䈪䈐䈭䈇䈫⠨䈋䉎ੱ䈏ᄙ䈒䈭䈦䈢䇯㪈㪉 ᦬䈱䉝䊮䉬䊷䊃䈲㪉㪌 ᣣ䈎䉌⊒ㅍ䈚䈢䈢䉄䇮䈤䉊䈉䈬䈖䈱ᤨᦼ䈫㊀䈭䈦䈢䇯㩷䈧䈑䈮䇮ἴኂᤨ䈮ᖱႎ. ៤Ꮺ㔚⹤. 䉕⊒ା䈜䉎ᚻᲑ䈮䈧䈇. 㪧㪟㪪. 䈩䈢䈝䈰䈢䇯㩷. 㪈㪌㪅㪉㩼㪈㪎㪅㪍㩼. ࿾਄䊁䊧䊎᡼ㅍ ⴡᤊ䊁䊧䊎᡼ㅍ. 䈱ㆬᛯ⢇䈲䇮ᖱႎ䉕ข. 㔚⹤. 㪇㪅㪍㩼㪉㪍㪅㪎㩼㪊㪅㪍㩼. 䉟䊮䉺䊷䊈䉾䊃. 㪋㪅㪉㩼. ࿾ၞ㒐ἴή✢. 䈢䇯䈖䈱⚿ᨐ䉕࿑䋴䈮␜. 䈠䈱ઁ. 䈜䇯㩷 ᖱ ႎ䉕⊒ା䈜䉎. ਇ᣿. ᚻᲑ䈫䈚䈩䈲䇮りㄭ䈮䈅. 㪇㪅㪍㩼. 䊤䉳䉥. ᖱႎ䉕⊒ା䈜䉎ᚻᲑ. ᓧ䈜䉎ᚻᲑ䈫ห᭽䈮䈚. 㪋㪋㪅㪉㩼. 㪈㪅㪉㩼㪈㪋㪅㪌㩼㪇㩼. 㪈㪇㩼. 㪉㪇㩼. 㪊㪇㩼. 㪋㪇㩼. 䉎៤Ꮺ㔚⹤䊶࿕ቯ㔚⹤㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 ࿑䋴㩷 ἴኂᤨ䈮ᦼᓙ䈘䉏䉎ᖱႎ䉕ㅍା䈜䉎ᚻᲑ㩷. −3− 3. 㪌㪇㩼.

(4) 䈪䋳ಽ䈱䋲䉕භ䉄䉎䇯䉁䈢䇮ᔅ 䈝䈚䉅ⵍἴ⠪䈱┙႐䈪䈲࿁ ╵䈚䈩䈍䉌䈝䇮ⵍἴ⠪䈮ኻ䈚䈩቟ุ䉕⏕⹺䈜䉎䈫䈇䈉⠨䈋 ᣇ䈱࿁╵䉅฽䉁䉏䈩䈇䉎䇯㩷䋴䋮䋲㩷 ᖱႎ䈱ౝኈ㩷 ἴኂᤨ䈱᰼䈚䈇ᖱႎ䊶વ䈋䈢䈇ᖱႎ䈮䈧䈇䈩࿁╵䉕ᓧ 䈢䇯㩷 ࿑䋵䈲ἴኂᤨ䈮᰼䈚䈇 ᖱႎ䈪䈅䉎䇯⥄↱⸥ㅀ䈱䈢䉄 ⶄᢙ࿁╵䈪䈅䉎䇯ಽ㘃䈏࿎ 㔍䈭䉅䈱䉅䈅䉎䈏䇮࿑䈮␜䈜䉋䈉䈭䉨䊷䊪䊷䊄䈪䉁䈫䉄䈢䇯㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 ࿑䋵㩷 ἴኂᤨ䈮᰼䈚䈇ᖱႎ䋨⥄↱⸥ㅀ䋩㩷䋵䋰䋦એ਄䈱࿁╵⠪䈎䉌ⵍἴ㩷 ⁁ᴫ䈏䈅䈕䉌䉏䈩䈇䉎䇯䈖䈖䈪䈱ⵍἴ⁁ᴫ䈲䇮ⷫᣖ䊶 ⍮ੱ䈱ⵍἴ⁁ᴫ䉅฽䉁䉏䉎䈏䇮ᄢㇱಽ䈲᡼ㅍ䈮䉋䉍 વ䈋䉌䉏䉎䉋䈉䈭ో૕⊛䈭 ⵍἴ⁁ᴫ䈪䈅䉎䇯䊤䉟䊐䊤䉟䊮䈲䇮䊤䉟䊐䊤䉟䊮䈱ᓳᣥ ੍ቯ䈱ᖱႎ䈪䈅䉎䇯䊤䉟䊐䊤䉟䊮䈏ㆤᢿ䈘䉏䈢䈫䈐䇮䈇䈧ᓳᣥ䈜䉎䈎䈏㊀ⷐ䈭໧ 㗴䈫䈭䉎䇯੤ㅢᖱႎ䈲䇮ⵍ ἴ⠪䈻ᡰេ䈮ⴕ䈒䈢䉄䈱 ㆏〝ᖱႎ䈏ਥ䈭䉅䈱䈪䈅䉎䇯りౝ㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 ࿑䋶㩷 ἴኂᤨ䈮વ䈋䈢䈇ᖱႎ䋨⥄↱⸥ㅀ䋩㩷䈱቟ุ䈲↢⸘䉕৻䈧䈮䈜䉎㩷 ኅᣖ䈱቟ุᖱႎ䈪䈅䉎䇯ᓳᣥᖱႎ䈮䈲䊤䉟䊐䊤䉟䊮䉅฽䉁䉏䉎䇯࿾ၞᖱႎ䊶ㆱ㔍႐ᚲ䊶᳓㘩ᢱ䈱ᖱႎ䊶ᡰ េౝኈ䈲䇮⋥ធⵍἴ䈚䈢䈫䈐䈱㊀ⷐ䈭ᖱႎ䈪䈅䉎䇯㩷㩷 ࿑䋶䈲ἴኂᤨ䈮વ䈋䈢䈇ᖱႎ䉕␜䈜䇯䈖䉏䉅⥄↱⸥ㅀ䈱䈢䉄䇮ᄢ䉁䈎䈮䉨䊷䊪䊷䊄䉕ㆬ䈶䉁䈫䉄䈢䇯⚂䋴䋰䋦䈏ኅᣖ䈱቟ุ䉕વ䈋䈢䈇䈫䈚䈩䈇䉎䇯ᰴ䈮ⵍἴ⁁ᴫ䈪䈅䉎䈏䇮ᢥᗧ䈎䉌䈜䉎䈫䇮⥄ಽ䈏ή੐䈪䈅䉎䈫䈇䈉ᖱႎ䈱ᣇ䈏ᄙ䈇䇯ⵍኂ䉕ฃ䈔䈩ᢇഥ䉇ᢇេ䉕᳞䉄䉎┙႐䈱ੱ䈲ዋ䈭䈇䇯⥄ಽ䈱቟ุ䊶⥄ಽ䈱ᚲ࿷䉅 ห᭽䈭䈖䈫䈏䈇䈋䉎䇯ᢇഥଐ㗬䊶េഥଐ㗬䈏ዋ䈭䈇䇯㩷㩷 ࿑䋷䈲䇮ἴኂᤨ䈮ㅪ⛊䉕ข䉍䈢䈇⋧ᚻ䉕␜䈜䇯ኅᣖ䇮ⷫᚘ䇮⍮ੱ䈱㗅䈪䈅䉎䇯ኅᣖ䈲↢⸘䉕৻䈧䈮䈜䉎 ኅᣖ䈱䈖䈫䈪䈅䉍䇮⥄ቛ䈎䉌ᄖ䈮಴䈩䈇䉏䈳⥄ቛ䈮䇮⥄ቛ䈮䈇䉏䈳ᄖ䈮಴䈩䈇䉎ኅᣖ䈱቟ุ⏕⹺䈏⋡⊛ −4− 4.

(5) 䈪䈅䉎䇯⥄ቛ䈫ቇᩞ䊶⡯႐䋨ળ ␠䋩㑆䈱ㅢା䈪䈅䉎䇯䈖䈖䈪䈲䇮 ⵍἴ䈚䈢႐ว䉕ᗐቯ䈚䈩䈇䉎 ੱ䈲ዋ䈭䈇䉋䈉䈣䇯ⵍἴ䈚䈢႐ ว䈲䇮∛㒮䊶ᶖ㒐䊶⼊ኤ䊶⥄ᴦ ૕䈭䈬䈫䈱ㅪ⛊䈏ᔅⷐਇนᰳ 䈣䈏䇮䈖䈱⺞ᩏ䈪ᗧ⼂䈚䈩䈇䉎 ੱ䈲ዋ䈭䈇䇯㩷䋴䋮䋳㩷 ࿎䈦䈢ὐ䊶ਇ቟䈫ᕁ䈉ὐ㩷 ἴ ኂ ᤨ 䈱ᖱ ႎ ㅢ ା 䈪࿎ 䈦䈢 ὐ䊶ਇ቟䈫ᕁ䈉ὐ䉕⡞䈇䈢䇯࿑䋸䈲䈠䉏䉕䉁䈫䉄䈢䉅䈱䈪䈅䉎䇯㪈㪉 ᦬ 㪉㪉 ᣣ䈱ᄢ஗㔚䈱ᓇ㗀䈪㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 ஗㔚䈱࿁╵䈏㪉㪐 ฬ䇮㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 ࿑䋷㩷 ἴኂᤨ䈮ㅪ⛊䉕ข䉍䈢䈇⋧ᚻ㩷 ៤Ꮺ㔚⹤䈫࿕ቯ㔚⹤䈱ਇ ㅢ䉕䈅䈕䉎ੱ䈏䈠䉏䈡䉏㪉㪎 ฬ䈪䈅䈦䈢䇯੤ㅢ✂䈱 ㆤᢿ䇮㔚ᳰ䈏䈭䈇䇮䊁䊧䊎䈱ⷞ⡬䈏䈪䈐䈭䈇╬䈏䈅䈕䉌䉏䈢䇯ㅢା䈻䈱ਇ቟ 䈭ὐ䈱ᄢㇱಽ䈲䇮៤Ꮺ㔚 ⹤䊶࿕ቯ㔚⹤䈱ਇㅢ䉕䈅䈕䈩䈇䉎䇯ㅢାᯏེ䈫䈚䈩䈠䉏䈣䈔ᦼᓙ䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎䈖䈫䈱䈅䉌䉒䉏䈪䈅䉎䇯㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 ࿑䋸㩷 ἴኂᤨ䈮ᖱႎㅢା䈪࿎䈦䈢ὐ䊶ਇ቟䈫ᕁ䈉ὐ㩷㩷䋵䋮ἴኂᤨ䈮䈍䈔䉎ㅢା䈱໧㗴ὐ㩷 ೨ㅀ䈱䉋䈉䈮䇮஗㔚䇮៤Ꮺ㔚⹤䊶࿕ቯ㔚⹤䈱ਇㅢ䈏৻⥸ኅᐸ䈱໧㗴ὐ䈫䈚䈩⺞ᩏ䈱⚿ᨐ᣿䉌䈎䈫䈭䈦䈢䇯ၮᧄ⊛䈭䉟䊮䊐䊤䈫䈚䈩㔚ജ䈍䉋䈶ㅢାᯏེ䈲㊀ⷐ䈪䈅䉎䇯㔚ജ䈲⃻࿷䈾䈫䉖䈬䈱䉅䈱䈏ଐሽ䈚䈩䈍䉍ᓇ㗀䈲ᭂ䉄䈢ᄢ䈐䈇䇯ㅢାᯏེ䈪䈲䇮៤Ꮺ㔚⹤䊶࿕ቯ㔚⹤䈻䈱ᦼᓙ䈏㕖Ᏹ䈮ᄢ䈐䈇䇯᥉Ბᗧ⼂䈚䈭䈇䈪৻⥸⊛䈮૶䈦䈩䈇䉎䉅䈱䈣䈏䇮․䈮㜞㦂⠪䈮䈲䈠䈱௑ะ䈏ᒝ䈇䇯㩷㩷 ㅢା䊈䉾䊃䊪䊷䉪ㆤᢿ䈱ේ࿃䈫䈚䈩䈲䇮஗㔚䈮䉋䉎ㆤᢿ䈫ㅢା䊈䉾䊃䊪䊷䉪䈱ᢿ✢䈏䈅䈕䉌䉏䉎䇯஗㔚䈮䉋䉎ㆤᢿ䈱႐ว䇮ᄙ䈒䈲੍஻㔚Ḯ䈮䉋䉎⊒㔚䈪⋥ᵹ䈱䋴䋸㪭䉕ଏ⛎䈚⚂䋱ㅳ㑆⒟ᐲ䈲⛽ᜬ䈪䈐䉎䇯ㅢା䊈䉾䊃䊪䊷䉪䈱ᢿ✢䈮䈧䈇䈩䈲䇮࿁✢䈱䊦䊷䊒ൻ䊶ⶄᢙൻ䈏ᔅⷐ䈪䈅䉎䇯ⴡᤊ៤Ꮺ䈱䉋䈉䈭࿾਄ἴኂ䈫ή✼䈭 ᣇᑼ䉅䈅䉎䈏䇮᥉Ბ䈎䉌૶䈦䈩䈇䈭䈇䈫✕ᕆᤨ䈮䈲ᓎ┙䈢䈭䈇น⢻ᕈ䈏䈅䉎䇯࿖ౝ䈪䈲ᄤ㗂ⴡᤊ䈱⸘↹ −5− 5.

(6) 䈏ਛᢿ䈘䉏䇮࿾਄䈪䈱䊈䉾䊃䊪䊷䉪䈲䉋䉍㊀ⷐ䈫䈭䉎䇯㩷 ᰴ䈮䇮৻⥸ኅᐸ䈪໡↪㔚ജ䋨䋱䋰䋰㪭䋩䈏ㆤᢿ䈘䉏䈢႐ว䈱ㅢା䈻䈱ᓇ㗀䉕⠨䈋䉎䇯䉁䈝䇮࿕ቯ㔚⹤䈲䇮 ࿁✢䈏ஜ࿷䈪䈅䉏䈳ㅢ⹤น⢻䈪䈅䉎䇯৻⥸䈮䈲䈅䉁䉍⍮䉌䉏䈩䈇䈭䈇䈱䈪䇮ትવ䈲ᔅⷐ䈪䈅䉎䇯㪠㪧㔚⹤ 䈲䋱䋰䋰㪭䈱㔚Ḯ䈏䈭䈇䈫ㅢା䈪䈐䈭䈇䇯䊊䊥䉬䊷䊮䉦䊃䊥䊷䊅䈪䈲࿕ቯ㔚⹤䈲ㅢା䈪䈐䈭䈎䈦䈢䈏䇮㪠㪧㔚 ⹤䈏ㆇ⦟䈒ធ⛯䈪䈐䈢䈫䈇䈉⹤䉅䈅䉎䇯䈖䉏䈲䇮↢䈐䈩䈇䉎䊉䊷䊄䈣䈔䉕વ䉒䈦䈩ㅢା䈏䈪䈐䈢䈫䈇䈉䈖䈫䈪䈅䉎䇯៤Ꮺ㔚⹤䈪䈲䇮䊋䉾䊁䊥䊷䈮㔚ജ䈏ᱷ䈦䈩䈇䉏䈳ㅢ⹤น⢻䈪䈅䉎䇯㩷 ᡼ㅍ䈮䈧䈇䈩䉂䉎䈫ኅᐸ↪䊁䊧䊎䈲䋱䋰䋰㪭䈱੤ᵹ㔚Ḯ䈏ᔅⷐ䈪䈅䉍䇮஗㔚ᤨ䈮䈲ᓎ䈮┙䈢䈭䈇႐ว 䈏ᄙ䈇䇯䈖䈱䈢䉄ᖱႎขᓧ䈱䈢䉄䈮䊤䉳䉥䈏ᄙ䈒ᦼᓙ䈘䉏䉎䇯㩷䋱䋰䋰㪭䈱੤ᵹ㔚Ḯ䉕ᓧ䉎䈢䉄䈮䈲䇮੤ᵹ⊒㔚ᯏ䈏ᔅⷐ䈪䈅䉎䇯Ꮢ⽼䈲䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎䈏䇮৻⥸ኅᐸ䈮䈲䈭䈇䇯৻⥸ኅᐸ䈪䉅䈦䈫䉅ኈᤃ䈮䈋䉌䉏䉎੤ᵹ㔚Ḯ䈫䈚䈩䈲䇮⥄േゞ䈱䉲䉧䊷䊤䉟䉺䊷䈎䉌䈱⋥ᵹ䋨䋱䋲㪭䋩䉕䇮䉟䊮䊋䊷䉺䉕੺䈚䈩૶䈉ᣇᴺ䈪䈅䉎䇯Άᢱ䈪䈅䉎䉧䉸䊥䊮䈱㊂䈮䉋䉍೙㒢䈘䉏䉎䇯䈖䉏䈮䉋䉍ゞタ㪫㪭䊶䊤䉳䉥䈅䉎䈇䈲៤Ꮺ㔚⹤䈱ల㔚╬䈮૶↪䈜䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䉎䇯䈠䈱䈾䈎䇮䊐䊥䊷䊒䊧䉟䊤䉳䉥䋨ᚻᏎ䈐⊒㔚ᯏ䈧䈐䊤䉳䉥䇮䊐䊥䊷䊒䊧䉟␠ධ䉝䊐䊥䉦䋩䈱䉋䈉䈭ᚻᏎ䈐⊒㔚ᯏ䈧䈐䈱䊤䉳䉥䉇ల㔚ᯏེ䈏Ꮢ⽼䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎䇯㩷䈘䉌䈮䇮੹ᐕ 㪋 ᦬䈎䉌㐿ᆎ䈚䈢៤Ꮺ㔚⹤䈱䊪䊮䉶䉫䈲䇮ゞタ㪫㪭䉋䉍䉅䈘䉌䈮ᶖ⾌㔚ജ䈱ዋ䈭䈇↹௝ᢥሼ ᖱႎᯏེ䈫䈚䈩᦭ᦸ䈪䈅䉎䇯ㅢା࿁✢䈱ⶄᢙൻ䈮䉅ኻᔕ䈜䉎䇯䈢䈣䈚䇮ㅢ⹤ᤨ䈫ห⒟ᐲ䈱ᶖ⾌㔚ജ䈪䈅䉍䇮 ዁᧪䈲Άᢱ㔚ᳰ䈱䉋䈉䈭䉅䈱䈏ᔅⷐ䈫䈭䉎䈪䈅䉐䈉䇯㩷㩷䈖䈖䈪䈲䇮Ꮢ⽼䈪৻⥸⊛䈭㔚Ḯ䈱䉂䉕ข䉍਄䈕䈩䈐䈢䈏䇮㜞㦂⠪䈲䇮ἴኂᤨ䈮․೎䈭ⵝ⟎䉕૶䈉䈖䈫䈏 ᭂ䉄䈩㔍䈚䈇䇯䈠䈱ᗧ๧䈪ᒝ࿕䈭䉟䊮䊐䊤䇮ఝ䈚䈇ㅢାᯏེ䉕ᦼᓙ䈚䈢䈇䇯㩷㩷䋹䋮䉁䈫䉄㩷㩷 ᖱႎ䉟䊮䊐䊤䈫ἴኂ䈮ኻ䈜䉎ᖱႎㅢା䈱⺖㗴䈫㗴䈚䈩⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ䉕ⴕ䈦䈢䇯㩷䉁䈝䇮ᖱႎㅢାᯏེ䈱଻᦭ ⁁ᴫ䉕⺞䈼䈢䇯䊌䉸䉮䊮䈱᥉෸₸䈲⚂䋵䋰䋦䇮䊑䊨䊷䊄䊋䊮䊄䉅ᕆㅦ䈮ᶐㅘ䈚䈧䈧䈅䉎䈏䇮ਛጊ㑆࿾ၞ䈪䈲ㇺᏒㇱ䈮Ყ䈼ㆃ䉏䈩䈇䉎䇯ἴኂᤨ䈮䈧䈇䈩䈲㔚ജ䉇ㅢାᯏེ䈮ਇ቟䉕ᜬ䈦䈩䈇䉎䇯䈚䈎䈚䇮䉅䈦䈫䉅 ᦼᓙ䈚䈩䈇䉎ᯏེ䈲䇮䊤䉳䉥䉇៤Ꮺ㔚⹤䈫䈇䈦䈢ㅢᏱ૶䈦䈩䈇䉎䉅䈱䈪䈅䉎䇯㩷㩷㩷㜞㦂ൻ䊶ㆊ⇹ൻ䈮䉋䉍ਛጊ㑆࿾ၞ䈪䈲ᖱႎൻ䈏ㆃ䉏䈩䈇䉎䇯ἴኂᤨ䈮䈖䉏䉕⵬䈉ᚻᲑ䈫䈚䈩䇮ᒝ࿕䈭䉟䊮䊐䊤䊶ఝ䈚䈇ㅢାᯏེ䈠䈚䈩໪⫥ᵴേ䈏ᔅⷐ䈪䈅䉎䇯㩷㩷 ᧄ⎇ⓥ䈲䇮ା⿧ᖱႎㅢାᙣ⺣ળᣂ਎ઍᖱႎㅢା✂ᆔຬળ䈱ᆔ⸤⎇ⓥ䈮䉋䉍ⴕ䉒䉏䈢䉅䈱䈪䈅䉎䇯㩷㩷 ෳ⠨ᢥ₂ [㧝] ᄢ㔡ἴߦ߅ߌࠆᖱႎㅢାߩ޽ࠅᣇߦ㑐ߔࠆᬌ⸛ળ‫ޟ‬ᄢ㔡ἴߦ߅ߌࠆᖱႎㅢାߩ޽ࠅᣇߦ㑐ߔ ࠆᬌ⸛ળႎ๔ᦠ‫(ޠ‬2005) [㧞] 㔡ἴᓳ⥝ࡆ࡚ࠫࡦ╷ቯᙣ⹤ળ‫ޟ‬ᣂẟ⋵ਛ⿧ᄢ㔡ἴᓳ⥝ࡆ࡚ࠫࡦ‫ޠ‬ᣂẟ⋵㧔2005㧕 [㧟] ਛ⿧࿾㔡ᣂẟᄢቇ⺞ᩏ࿅‫ޟ‬ᣂẟ⋵ㅪ⛯ἴኂߩᬌ⸽ߣᓳ⥝߳ߩⷞὐ‫ޠ‬ᣂẟᄢቇ㧔2005㧕 [㧠] ㄭ⮮ ㅴ ⧯᦬ትⴕ‫ޟ‬ᖱႎࠗࡦࡈ࡜ߣἴኂߦኻߔࠆᖱႎㅢା߳ߩ⺖㗴㧔ᣂẟ⋵㧕 ‫ޠ‬ ା⿧ᖱႎㅢାᙣ⺣ળᣂ਎ઍᖱႎㅢା✂ᆔຬળ 2005 ᐕᆔ⸤⎇ⓥႎ๔(2006) −6− 6.

(7)