キトラ古墳における菌類等生物調査報告（2）

キトラ古墳における菌類等生物調査報告（2）

著者 木川 りか, 間渕 創, 佐野 千絵, 三浦 定俊

雑誌名 保存科学

号 45

ページ 93‑106

発行年 2006‑03‑31

URL http://doi.org/10.18953/00003658

Creative Commons : 表示 ‑ 非営利 ‑ 改変禁止 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by‑nc‑nd/3.0/deed.ja

ǭȈȩӞىƴƓƚǔᓏ᫏ሁဃཋᛦ௹إԓᲢᲣ

࿐୼! ̥ͤȆۼᙎ! ஻Ȇऎ࿤! ୷ٰȆ२׆! ೰ੇ

ϧ ̟ѣь ѵџ Ȼ

! ΅Πρࡣ໩͉Ȅࣞઐ೓͂൳শయ͈༃ْͬခ̳ͥࡣ໩̜́ͤȄ2002ාͅ໲ا಩ͤ͢ͅ಺औ͈̹

͈͛ໞؚ̞̦࠺୭̯ͦȄ2004ා̥ͣอߡ̦ૺ̹͛ͣͦȃஜ༭^ˍȫ̤̞̀ͅȄ2003ා̥ͣ2004ා˕

࠮͈́͘΅Πρࡣ໩̤̫ͥͅ޿႒൝͈಺औࠫضͬ༭̱̹̦࣬Ȅུ༭͉́ஜ༭͈ඤယͬါ࿩̱̹

͈̻Ȅ2004ාࢃ฼̥ͣ2005ා͈́͘ેޙͬ৽̱͂̀༭̳࣬ͥȃ

Ϩ ̟ཇࣻಶѢ௡ࢳ^ɌɄȻ

! ΅Πρࡣ໩͈༢ൽ໐͈อߡ͈੔๵ฺ̞ͅȄ2003ාذոࣛȄ઀ஜ৒ඤ໐Ȅ༢ൽ໐ਔ༏໩ݚാ൝

̀ͅ΃Ϋ̦ࡐಠͅอ୆̱̹ȃ઀ஜ৒ඤ໐͉ࠫႺକ͇́̾ͅ෈̤ͦ̀ͤȄકඉဥ΀ΗΦȜσ́ੜ

౾̱̀͜Ȅ்๓΃Ϋ̦ठอ̳ͥેޙ̜̹́̽ȃ2003ා˕࠮ͅ઀ஜ৒̥ͣ৽ါͅ࠿੄̯̹ͦ΃Ϋ

͉ȄTrichoderma sp.ȄPenicillium sp.ȄAspergillus sp.ȄFusarium sp.ȪոષȄະۖ஠޿႒ȫȄ Cunninghamella sp.Ȫ୪ࣣ޿႒ȫ̜̹̈́̓́̽ȃ̴̞ͦ͜Ȅാિ๊͈̥֚̈́ͅഎ͙ͣͦͥͅ΃

Ϋ̜́ͥȃ̤̈́Ḙ͈͈̻̏Ȅ໩ݚാ̤̫ͥͅ΃Ϋ͈ఱอ୆͈࿚ఴ͉Ȅ໩ݚാ̦εςΏυ΅΍ϋ ࠏ͈ਏডER-002ȪȪڼȫΉη΃σίυΓΑΏȜάȜȫ́ੜ౾̯̹͈̻ͦΫέ΁υϋȪ൳২ୋȫ

́ॽષ̬ੜ౾̯̹̭ͦ͂͂Ȅ઀ஜ৒͈ഛ֔໐͈ࠫႺచॐ̦࣐̹̭̈́ͩͦ͂̽̀͢ͅȄಠ̱̩٨

஝̯̹ͦȃ

ϩ ̟ཇࣻුਮލડঝѢ௡ࢳȻ

! ΅Πρࡣ໩͈༢ൽ໐͈อߡȄ̤͍͢2004ාˍ࠮ྎ̥ͣٳই̯̹ͦ୞৒ඤ͈಺औฺ̞ͅȄ2004

ාˏ࠮ոࣛȄ୞৒ව࢛ͤ͞୞৒ඤͅ΃Ϋ̦อ୆̱̹ȃ̷͈സഽȄ௲जͅफ़޿Ȅੰݲैު̦࣐̈́

ͩͦȄ༃ْ͈͒ڐఱͬဲଷ഼̳ͥႁ̦௽̧̫̹ͣͦ̀ȃ΃Ϋ̦อࡉ̯̹ͦાࣣȄ྽޿࿀མ൝́

न̯̹৾ͦদၳͬ෽ူ̱Ȅ৽ါ̈́΃Ϋ൝͈ਅ႒ͬ಺औ̧̱̹̀ȃ΃Ϋ̦อ୆̱̹ؿਫ਼̞̾̀ͅ

͉Ȅ2005ා˕࠮͉́͘Ȅકඉဥ΀ΗΦȜσͬ৽ఘ̱̹͂࿪सͤ͢ͅැවͤͅޫਫ਼എ̈́फ़޿ैު

̦࣐̈́ͩͦȄຈါ̈́ાࣣ͉ͅΩργσθͺσΟΪΡᛞ૊࣐̠ͬાࣣ̜̹̽͜Ȫ঩ၳˍȫȃ̱̥

̱Ȅ2005ාˍ࠮̥ࣼͣȄڴ૗͈࣠࿉ͬခ̳ͥ΃Ϋ̦୞৒ඤ୞ऺષ́อࡉ̯ͦȄ̹͘΃Ϋ͈͙̈́

̴ͣȄΨ·ΞςͺȄࣖ༦̦̈́̓ईࣣ̱̹ුٞે͈΋υΣȜ͜༃࿂ͅࡉ̞੄̯̠̹ͦͥ̈́̽͢ͅȃ

! ΃Ϋ൝͈๷୆໤ͥ͢ͅגޣͬड઀ࡠͅဲ̢̹ͥ͛Ȅઁ̩̈́͂͜਩ͅˎٝȄത࠿͂΃Ϋ൝͈ੰ

ݲैު̦࣐̈́ͩͦ۬ণ̦௽̫̞̦ͣͦ̀ͥȄ୞৒ඤ͈́๷୆໤͈อ୆ၾȄ̷̤͍͈͢ਅ႒͉

2005ාոࣛྶ̥ͣͅ௩̢̧̞̀̀ͥȃ̩͂ͅȄෛ̞૗ͬ೮̳ͥ΃Ϋ͞ȄΨ·Ξςͺ൝̦୞৒ඤ

ͅࡉ̞੄̯̠̞ͦͥ̈́̽̀ͥ͢ͅȃ̹͘Ȅ୞৒ඤ́अಖ൝͈઀൲໤͜ອ้ͅอࡉ̯ͦȄ΃Ϋ͈

๭ٺ͈ڐఱ͞Ȅ֚໐৕ߖ༃͈෫ٟ͞؄అ̦̞̾̈́̽̀ͥ͂ͅএͩͦͥȃ

! ̯ͣͅȄ2005ාذոࣛͅȄ୞৒͈๷୆໤؄அ͉̯ͣͅૺ͙ȄΨ·Ξςͺͬ৽ఘ̱̹͇͇͂͊

͊ે͈໤ৗȄΊσે͈໤ৗȪΨͼ΂έͻσθȫ̦༃࿂ͬໞ̠̠͢ͅอ୆̱Ȅ̷̯͈ͣͅ໤ৗͬ

ܖ๕̱͂̀΃Ϋ͈̈́̓޿႒͈؄அ̦̯ͣͅૺ͙̜̾̾ͥȃ̯ͣͅȄड߃Ȅ୞৒ඤ͈৕ߖ͈̭͂

̭ͧ̓ͧͅݢ̦ࠪͅ୆̲Ȅ̦ࠪڐఱ̱̞̩࡛̀ય̦ૺ͙̜̭̦̾̾ͥ͂ږ෇̯̹ͦȃ

! ࡛हȄخෝ༹༷̈́ͥ͢ͅΨͼ΂έͻσθ͈ੰݲ͞ڐఱཡগͅ஠ႁͬ଄̩̳͂͂͜ͅȨ̏́ͥ

ࡠ்ͤܢ͈༃̴ْ͈͉̱͂ͤ/ ༗ࢌैު̦ૺ̞͛ͣͦ̀ͥȃ

! ոئͅમळͬࠐশਜ਼ܱ̳ͅȃ

ˏȽˍȅ3115ාˎ࠮୞৒ٳ໑শ͈ߗಎ຾ဋ޿̞̾̀ͅ!

! 2004ාˎ࠮ˎ-ˏ඾ͅȄ΅Πρࡣ໩ٳ໑শ͈୞৒ඤ͈ߗܨ50ςΛΠ̹͉͘250ςΛΠσͬߗಎ

຾ဋ޿΍ϋίρȜȪBIO SAMP MBS-1000ȄηΡς਱ল২ୋȫ̽̀͢ͅ෽౷Ȫ΍ήυȜێഛ෽౷ȫ

ͅ଑̧༹̫༷̾ͥ́຾ဋ޿͈಺औ̦࣐̹ͩͦȃ

! ̷͈ࠫضȄ୞৒ඤ͈຾ဋ޿ତ͉๱ુͅઁ̩̈́Ȅ࠿੄̯̹ͦ΋υΣȜତ͉ڎ໹โ෽౷ષͅˍ΋

υΣȜ̥ͣː΋υΣȜ೾ഽ̜́ͤȄ΃Ϋ͈ਅ႒͉Verticillium sp.ȪTBK-11(m)ȄTBK-12(m)ȫ

̤͍͢Aspergillus sp.ȪTBK-13(m)ȄTBK-14(m)ȫ̜̹́̽ȃ

! ̤̈́ȄTBKດܱ͉Ȅ΅Πρࡣ໩۾߸́໦ၗ̯ͦȄ൐ނ໲ا़ࡄݪਫ਼̤̞̀ͅͺϋίσ́༗ۯ

̯̞ͦ̀ͥ༗ం޿ڼ̜̭́ͥ͂ͬা̳ȃ

ˏȽˎȅ3115ාˏ࠮.ː࠮͈ેޙ^2*!

! ୌ༃ව࢛ͤັ߃ͅႂ૗͈΃Ϋ̦Ȅၠවാນ࿂͞ධ༃ͅฒ̞΃Ϋ͈޿ঝ̦อ୆̱̹ȃ̴̞ͦ͜

કඉဥ΀ΗΦȜσͤ͢ͅಕփ૬̩फ़޿̯̹ͦȃႂ૗͈΃Ϋ͉ȄTrichoderma sp. (৽ͅˎਅ႒Ȅ TBK-1(m)ȄTBK-3(m))̷͈ఈ͉ȄPenicillium sp.ȪTBK-2(m)ȫ̦৽ါ̈́΃Ϋ̱͂̀࠿੄̯ͦ

̹ȃ

ˏȽˏȅ3115ාˑ࠮͈ેޙ^2*!

! ઀ஜ৒͈ഛ֔୞௰࿂ͅೄࠂ10cm͕͈̓΃Ϋ̦อ୆̱̤̀ͤȄAcremonium sp.ȄPenicillium

sp.Ȫෛ̞૗͈͈͜ȫ ̦࠿੄̯ͦȄAcremonium sp.͉Ȅࣱ̞̽͗͞͞٭૗ͬ೮̳͈̜ͥ́̽͜

̹ȃ୞৒ඤ̞͉̾̀ͅȄ൐༃͈ષ౤̥ͣഛ֔୞̧̳ۼ̈́̓ͅ΃Ϋ̦อ୆̱̤̀ͤȄTrichoderma sp.̦৽ါ̈́΃Ϋ̱͂̀࠿੄̯̹ͦȃ

ˏȽːȅ3115ා˒࠮.˓࠮͈ેޙ^2*!

! ୞৒ඤͅTrichoderma sp.ȄPenicillium sp.͈̈́̓΃Ϋ̦อ୆̱̞̹̀ȃકඉဥ΀ΗΦȜσ

́फ़޿̯̹͈̻ͦȄΩργσθͺσΟΪΡᛞ૊̦࣐̹̈́ͩͦȃ

ˏȽˑȅ3115ා˔࠮͈ેޙ^2*!

! 2004ා˔࠮੝੐ͅ୞৒ඤ̀ͅญၗ̱̞̀ͥ໐໦͈༃࿂̴͈͉̱͂ͤȄ༗ࢌैު̦࣐̹̈́ͩͦȃ

୒ၨັ߃͈༃࿂ͬྫম༗ࢌ̱̹̜͂Ȅ̷͈ئͅ΃Ϋ͈޿ঝ̦อࡉ̯̹ͦȃ༗ࢌ̯̹ͦ༃ْ͉Ȅ

౎ॸளसȪRP System-KΗͼίȄ२຅΄Αاڠڼ৆ٛ২ȫ͂͂͜ͅ໑ව̯ͦȄ΃Ϋ͈อ୆ͬဲ

ଷ̱̹ેఠ́༗ం̯̞ͦ̀ͥȃ

! ઀ஜ৒͈໾ण୞ͅȄڴ૗͈࣠࿉အ͈ࢹ௮ͬ̾͜΃Ϋ̦อࡉ̯ͦȄ଩५੗ఉ൐ނఱڠྴနޗ਎

ͥ͢ͅ൳೰͈ࠫضȄPhialocephala sp.͈΃Ϋ̜̭̦̥̹́ͥ͂ͩ̽ȃࣱڴ૗ͬ೮̱Ȅ̬͂ે͈

࠸ࡥ̈́΃Ϋ̜̹́ͥ͛Ȅڐఱ̱̞̠̈́͢ࡕਹ̈́చॐ̦ຈါ̜́ͥȃ ˏȽ˒ȅ3115ා˕࠮͈ેޙ^2*!

! ୞৒ඤ͉́Ȅ઀ܰ࿅̦̈́ͣTrichoderma sp.ȄPenicillium sp.ȄFusarium sp.̦̈́̓৽ါਅ

̱͂̀อ୆̱̞̹̦̀Ȅ΃Ϋ்͈ܢอࡉ͂ੜ౾́୞৒ඤ́΃Ϋ̦ఱอ୆̳̠ͥ̈́͢মఠ͉ͅঢ

̥̹ͣ̈́̽ȃ

! ໾ण୞͈Phialocephala sp.͈อ୆ํս̦ڐఱ̱̹̭̥͂ͣȄষՏ؂ளॸ΢Πς;θ10ɓဣס Ȫକॸا΢Πς;θ0.4ɓ܄ခȫ́ੰݲैު̦࣐̹̈́ͩͦȪ˕࠮29඾ȫȃ̱̥̱Ȅૺව࢛͈ၔ௰

́͘΃Ϋ̦̞̹ͩ̽̀ͥ͛͘ͅआ୲ͅঢ̴̤̽̀ͣȄࣽࢃ߫ͤ͜༐̱ੜ౾̦ຈါ̯͂ͦͥેޙ

̜́ͥȃ

ˏȽ˓ȅ3115ා21.23࠮͈ેޙ!

! ୞৒ඤ͉́ȄTrichoderma sp.ȄPenicillium sp.ȄFusarium sp.̦̈́̓৽ါਅ̱͂̀อ୆̱

̞̹̀ȃ

! ̯ͣͅȄ2004ා12࠮˕-10඾͈ത࠿Ȅ12࠮17඾͈ത࠿̤̞̀ͅȄ୞৒ඤฒࡵஜ௷ਔ༏͈τȜ π ϋ ঞ ͅ ಋ ૗ ͈ ΃ Ϋ ̦ อ ୆ ̱ ̀ ̞ ̹ ȃ ෽ ူ ͈ ࠫ ض ȄAspergillus sp.ȪTBK-30(m)ȫ ͂ Cylindrocarpon sp.ȪTBK-31(m)ȫȪৢ૯ˍȫ̦໦ၗ̯̹ͦȃ

! ̹͘Ȅฒࡵஜ௷ັ߃ͅഡ̞ͣͦ̀ͥτȜπϋঞ̦Ȅؕ૗̞̱͉̈́ڴ૗ͅ಍૗̳࡛ͥય̦͙ͣ

̠̹ͦͥ̈́̽͢ͅȃτȜπϋঞ༌ͬೄ୪۷ख़̳ͥ͂Ȅ΃Ϋ͈̠̈́͢ࢹ௮̴̢͉͙Ȅ૗͈̞̹̾

ະ೰ࠁ͈ٞે͈໤ఘ̦ࡉ̢̹ȃ෽ူ͈ࠫضȄˎ-ˏਅ႒͈Ψ·Ξςͺ̦໦ၗ̯ͦȄ̥͉̈́ͅಋ૗

̞କဣ଻૗ளͬ੄̳͈̜̹̽͜͜ȃȪ़ȫ૙຦໦ଢ଼ΓϋΗȜͅ൳೰ͬջှ̱̹̭͂ͧḘ͈̏ळ

޿͉Ȅാિ̥ͣຽ೒ͅ໦ၗ̯ͦͥΨΙσΑȆι΄Ξς;θȪBacillus megateriumȫ̞̠͂ਅ ႒͈ळ޿̜̭̦̥̹́ͥ͂ͩ̽Ȫৢ૯ˎȫȃ

ৢ૯ˍȅ2004ා12࠮͈୞৒ඤ͈ฒࡵஜ௷ັ߃͈̥ͣ໦ၗ̯̹ͦڴ૗͈Cylindrocarpon sp.(TBK-31(m))

ৢ ૯ ˎ ȅ2004ා12࠮ ͈ ୞ ৒ ඤ ͈ ฒ ࡵ ஜ ௷ ັ ߃ τ Ȝ π ϋ ঞ ͈ ಍ ૗ ໐ պ ̥ ͣ ໦ ၗ ̯ ͦ ̹ ळ ޿Bacillus megaterium ڴ૗͈૗ளͬॲ୆̱̞̀ͥ

ˏȽ˔ȅ3116ාˍ࠮͈ેޙ!

! 2005ාˍ࠮ոࣛȄ͇͇͊͊ે̞̱͉̈́Ίσે͈໤ৗ̦༃࿂͈̭̭͂ͧ̓ͧͅ੄࡛̱̹ȃ2005

ාˍ࠮˓඾ͅ൐༃Ȅධ༃Ȅୌ༃ͤ͢न̱̹͇͇̱̹৾͊͊໤ৗͬ಺͓̹̭͂ͧȄ̴̞ͦ͜ळ޿Ȅ

ࣖ༦Ȅ΃Ϋ͈ईࣣ໤̜́ͤȪৢ૯ˏȫȄ΃Ϋ̱͉͂̀ Acremonium sp.Ȫৢ૯ːȫȪTBK-23(m)Ȅ TBK-24(m)ȄTBK-26(m)ȫ̴̦̞͈ͦાਫ਼̥ͣ͜ވ೒ͅ໦ၗ̯̹ͦȃୌ༃̥͉ͣȄ̷͈͕̥ͅ

Aspergillus sp.ȪTBK-25(m)ȫ̤͍͢ڴ૗͈Cylindrocarpon sp.ȪTBK-27(m)ȫ͜໦ၗ̯̹ͦȃ

̹͘ȄΨ·Ξςͺ̱͉͂̀Ȅ͓̹̩̾΋υΣȜͬࠁ଼̳ͥRhizobium radiobacterȪৢ૯ˑȫ

͈͕̥Ȅ൐༃ͤ͢Stenotrophomonas maltophiliaȄୌ༃ͤ͢Serratia liquefaciens̞̩̈́̓̾

̥͈ਅ̦࠿੄̯̹ͦȃ

! ̹͘Ȅڴ૗͈࣠࿉အࢹ௮ͬ̾͜΃ΫPhialocephala sp.̦Ȅ2005ාˍ࠮21඾Ȅ27඾͈ത࠿শȄ

୞৒ඤୌ༃ئ઄࿂ͅอࡉ̯̹ͦȃࣱڴ૗ͬ೮̱Ȅ̬͂ે͈࠸ࡥ̈́΃Ϋ̜̹́ͥ͛Ȅ༃ْ໐ͅഢ

֊̱̞̠̈́͢ळ૤͈ಕփ̦ຈါ̯̹͂ͦȃકඉဥ΀ΗΦȜσ-˔ɓγσζςϋͤ͢ͅȄफ़޿ੜ౾

̦࣐̹̈́ͩͦȃ̷͈͈̻͉Ȅอࡉ̯ͦষలȄકඉဥ΀ΗΦȜσ-0.3ɓγσζςΰफ़޿Ȅੰݲ

ैު̦࣐̹̈́ͩͦȃ

ৢ૯ˑȅ2005ාˍ࠮˓඾Ȅ୞৒ඤ൐༃Ȅ̤͍͢ୌ༃͈ුٞે໤ৗ̥ͣ໦ၗ̯̹ͦȨ͓̹͈̜̏̾ͥ΋υ ΣȜͬࠁ଼̳ͥRhizobium radiobacter

ৢ૯ˏȅ2005ාˍ࠮͈୞৒ඤ൐༃͈ුٞે໤ৗ

ͬ۷ख़̱̹௨Ȫ๷໦ۙખȿ510ȫ

! ! ! ! ळ޿Ȅࣖ༦အळ༾Ȅ΃Ϋ̦̈́̓ई̲̽

̞̀ͥအঊֺ̢̦ͥ

ৢ૯ːȅ3116ාˍ࠮˓඾Ȅ୞৒ඤ൐༃Ȅୌ༃Ȅ ධ༃͈ුٞે໤ৗͅވ೒ͅ܄ͦ̀͘

̞̹Bdsfnpojvn!tq/!

ˏȽ˕ȅ3116ාˎ࠮.ˏ࠮͈ેޙ!

! 2005ාˎ࠮͈ത࠿̤̞͉̀ͅȄ୞৒ඤ́΃Ϋ͈͕̥Ȅअಖ൝ͅဇြ̳ͥ͂ࣉ̢ͣͦͥڴ૗Ȅ

ࣱ૗͈໤ৗ̦อࡉ̯̹ͦȃȪ़ȫ໲ا़ಖٺࡄݪਫ਼͈५࿤ੳষฎআ͈ਫ਼ࡉͦ͊͢ͅȄڴ૗͈ळ

ಿ̞͈͜Ȅݩે͈͈͉͜ಖ໯̜́ͥ͂এ̦ͩͦͥȄअಖ͈ਅ႒͉ະྶ͈̭̜̹͂͂́̽ȃ̷͈

͕̥Ȅअಖոٸ͈઀൲໤͈໯͂এ͈ͩͦͥ͜͞ȄΘΣ͈ঘڄ͜൳শͅ෇̹͛ͣͦȃ

! 2005ාˎ࠮17඾̤͍͢ˎ࠮25඾͈ത࠿͉́ȄΊσે͈໤ৗ̦ཤ༃Ȅ൐༃͜ͅ۷ख़̯̹ͦȃˎ

࠮25඾͉ͅȄ଩५੗ఉฎআͅ൳̧࣐̞̹̺ȄΊσે໤ৗ͈໦ଢ଼͈ފႁͬջှ̱̹ȃ̷͈ࠫضȄ

̭ͦ́͂͘൳အȄΊσે໤ৗ͉Ψ·Ξςͺ͞޿႒͈ईࣣ໤̜́ͤȄ΃Ϋ̱͉͂̀Acremonium sp.̦Ȅळ޿̱͉͂̀Rhizobium sp.̦܄̞͈ͦ̀ͥ͂ࠫ͘ض̜̹́̽Ȫ଩५੗ఉฎআȄজ૞ȫȃ

ˏȽ21ȅ3116ාː࠮.˒࠮͈ેޙ!

! ୞৒ඤ͉́௖་̴ͩͣΊσે͈໤ৗ͞΃Ϋ͈อ୆̦͙ͣͦȄത࠿̮͂ͅੰݲȄफ़޿̦࣐̈́ͩ

̹ͦȃ

! ː࠮28඾͈ത࠿́Ȅ୞৒ඤ́Χ΍ηθΏȪ୆ంಖȫ̦อࡉ̯ͦȄȪ़ȫ໲ا़ಖٺࡄݪਫ਼͈

५࿤ੳষঙͤ͢ͅΪΊΐυΧ΍ηθΏ͂൳೰̯̹ͦȃ̯ͣͅȄˑ࠮12඾Ȅˑ࠮18඾͈ത࠿͉́Ȅ

୞৒ඤ́ఉତ͈઀̯̈́Χ΀̦อ୆̱ȄȪ़ȫ໲ا़ಖٺࡄݪਫ਼͈५࿤ੳষঙȄ઀༰ࢨຳঙ͢ͅ

ͤ·υΨΥ΅Φ΋Ψ΀͂൳೰̯ͦȄ਀ैު́ੰݲ̯̹ͦȃ̭͈ಖ͈ဘಖ͉ݤ࿐ಎ͞ാિಎ̞ͅ

̭̦ͥ͂౶̤ͣͦ̀ͤȄ̷̤̩ͣ୞৒ඤֵ́ا̱̹͈͂͜এͩͦͥȃ̭͈ࢃ͜Ȅ̱̩͊ͣΧ΍

ηθΏȄ΅Φ΋Ψ΀̦̈́̓༛ڕ̯ͦȄˑ࠮19඾͉ͅȄ΅ΑͼθΏ͈֚ਅȄ˒࠮13඾͉ͅθ΃Ο

̈́̓Ḙ͈̏শܢȄ୞৒ඤ̯̰́̈́͘͘अಖ͞઀൲໤̦ࡉ̥̹̾̽ȃ

ˏȽ22ȅ3116ා˓࠮ո͈ࣛેޙ!

! 2005ා˓࠮Ȅठ͍༃̴ْ͈͉̱͂ͤ/ ༗ࢌैު̦ٳই̯ͦȄධ༃͈ιΙσΓσυȜΑȪMCȫ

ͥ͢ͅޑا̦࣐̹̈́̓ͩͦȃ

! 2005ා˓࠮ˍ඾Ȅୌ༃ٰ͈͈̞̈́պ౾͈৕ߖ༌̴͉̱͂ͤैު͈षȄ৕ߖͅ઀ࣱ̯̞̦̈́ࠪ

̜̞̞͈̦̀ͥอࡉ̯̹ͦȪৢ૯˒ȫȃ

ৢ૯˒ȅ2005ා˓࠮ˍ඾Ȅ୞৒ୌ༃̴̥͉̱̹ͣ͂ͤ৕ߖ༌Ȫ໙࿩12˿̉ȫͅࡉ̹ͣͦࠪȪৢ૯೹ރȇ ਘ໘ܿ੅໐Ȅ୼࿤ᰦખȫ

! ̯ͣͅȄ˓࠮ˑ඾͈ैު͈षȄ൐༃͈৕ߖ͈ນ఑̻ͅঀဥ̯̞̹ͦ̀τȜπϋঞͅȄࣱ૗͈

΃Ϋ͂ؕ૗̞؄̦ͦอ୆̱̞̹̀ȃ๷ઁ৕ߖ༌͉ͅ΃Ϋ͈޿ঝ̦၁͙̞̾̀Ȅ৕ߖͬ؄̱̞̀

ͥအঊ̦۷ख़̯̹ͦȪৢ૯˓ȫȃ̹͘Ȅୌ༃ဇြ͈๷ઁ৕ߖ༌͈ၔ࿂͉Ȅࣱ૗ͅ؄̞ͦ̀ͥအ ঊ̦۷ख़̯̹ͦȪৢ૯˔ȫȃ

! ̯ͣͅȄ˓࠮15඾͈ത࠿শ͉ͅȄධ༃ਁଭͅฒ̞΃Ϋ͈޿ঝ̦ఉ̩ࡉ̹ͣͦȪৢ૯˕ȫ̹͛Ȅ કඉဥ΀ΗΦȜσ-0.3ɓγσζςΰफ़޿Ȅੰݲैު̦࣐̹̈́ͩͦȃ

! ˔࠮12඾͈ത࠿͉́Ȅཤ༃ͅȄୌ༃͈͂ߛͅࢩ̞ํս́Ȅതșࣱ̞͂Ώη̦ఉ̩͙̹ͣͦȃ ఉ̩͉ഉષ̜̹̦́̽Ȅ৕ߖ༃͜ͅڐ̦̞̹̽̀ȃତ΃ਫ਼Ȅˏ-ˑmm͕͈̓ႂ૗͈Ώη̦̜̽

̹ȃ࡚໌ͬ܄͚஠࿂ͅΊσે໤ৗ̦͙̹ͣͦȃ

! ධ༃͉́Ȅਁଭْ࿂ષ͜ͅȄळ̥̞ු͈̜ͤͥၥ̦อ୆̱̞̹̀ȃ൐༃͞ୌ༃͉́Ȅഉ໐໦

̴ࣱ͙̦͙̹ͣͦͅȃૺව້࢛߃͉ͅฒ̞΃Ϋ̦ถ̩ڐ̦̞̹̽̀ȃ

! ̯ͣͅȄ˔࠮19඾͈ത࠿͉́Ȅ൐༃਱ඵ঑Ȫඔȫْ͈࿂ષ͜ͅΊσે໤ৗ̦ݞ̞̹ͭ́Ȫৢ

૯10Ȅऒȫȃ

ৢ૯˓ȅ2005ා˓࠮ˑ඾Ȅ୞৒൐༃͈ນ఑̻ͅঀဥ̯̞̹ͦ̀τȜπϋঞͅັ಍̱̞̹̀๷઀৕ߖ༌ͅ

΃Ϋ̦̥͙̞̞ͣ̾̀ͥအঊ(ऒ! ȿ22Ȅ! ֲ! ȿ32ȫ

ৢ૯˔ȅ3116ා˓࠮ˑ඾Ȅ୞৒ୌ༃͈๷઀৕ߖ༌

͈ၔ࿂ࣱ̦૗ا̱̞̀ͥအঊȪȿ51ȫ

ৢ૯˕ȅ3116ා˓࠮26඾Ȅ୞৒ධ༃ͅอ୆̱̞̀

̹΃Ϋ൝Ȫৢ૯೹ރȇਘ໘ܿ੅໐Ȅ୼࿤

ᰦખȫ!

ˏȽ23ȅ3116ා˕࠮͈ેޙ!

! 2005ා˕࠮ˎ඾͈ത࠿͉́Ȅཤ༃ࣱ̞̱͙̦ͅอ୆̱Ȅ̷͈ͩͤ͘ͅฒ̞͇͇̱̹͊͊໤ৗ

̦ڐ̦̞̭̦̽̀ͥ͂ږ෇̯̹ͦȪৢ૯11ȫȃࣱ̞̱͙͈໐໦͉Ȅ࿩˔ɓ͈γσζςϋକဣס

̽̀͢ͅੜ౾̦࣐̹ͩͦȃ̯ͣͅȄධ༃Ȅਁଭْ࿂ષ͈ळ̥̞ු͈̜ͤͥၥ͈ତ̦௩̢Ȅ஠ఘ

͇͇̱̹ͬ͊͊໤ৗ̦̤̤̞̹̽̀Ȫৢ૯12ȫȃ̭͈̥ͦ́̈́́͘Ȅ̽͂͜͜ಠ̱̞๭ٺેޙ

͂ࣉ̢̹͈ͣͦ́Ḙ͈̏඾Ȅકඉဥ΀ΗΦȜσ-0.3ɓγσζςΰफ़޿̱̹͈̻ȄΩργσθ ͺσΟΪΡᛞ૊̦࣐̹ͩͦȃ

ৢ૯21ȅ2005ා˔࠮19඾͈ඔȪऒȫȪৢ૯೹ރȇਘ໘ܿ੅໐Ȅ୼࿤ᰦખȫ̤͍͢2005ා˕࠮ͅ·ςȜ ΣϋΈ̱̹͈̻͈ͬ2005ා10࠮13඾͈ඔȪֲȫ

ৢ૯22ȅऒȇ2005ා˕࠮ˎ඾ͅཤ༃ͅอ୆̱̞̹̀ෛႂ૗͈̱͙Ȅ̤͍͢ฒ̞͇͇̱̹͊͊໤ৗ

! ! ! ! ֲȇ2005ා˕࠮ˎ඾! ཤ༃ෛႂ૗໐͈न৾দၳ! (৘ఘࡐ๷ޢ! 10෼)

! 2005ාذܢ͈ݢࠣ̈́୆໤๭ٺ͈ڐఱ͈̹͛Ȅٸ໐͈๷୆໤ڠȄ̤͍͢ཡ޿ཡḨ͈୺࿝زȪࣞ

ುࢼٚฎআȄ଩५੗ఉฎআȄࡣനఊ჊ฎআȫ൳̢࣐͈̠Ȅ˕࠮16඾Ȅ࡛౷಺औ̦࣐̹ͩͦȃ̷

͈ࠫضȄ௙̲̀༃࿂͈͇͇̱̹͊͊໤ৗ͞Ίσે͈໤ৗ͉ͅȄ̤͍̹̺̱̞ତ͈Ψ·Ξςͺ͂

̷ͦͅ΃Ϋࣖ͞༦̦̈́̓ई୆̱̞̀ͥેఠ̦۷ख़̯̹ͦ²⁾ȃ̹͘Ȅ෽ူ͈ࠫض̥ͣ͜൳အ͈౶ࡉ

̦ං̹ͣͦ^2Ȅ3)ȃ

! ̭͈শͅȄٸ໐୺࿝ز̥͉ͣȶ̭͈̠͇͇̱̹̈́͊͊͢໤ৗ͞Ίσે͈໤ৗͬ༃࿂ͅ༶౾̳

ͥ͂ȄΨ·Ξςͺ̦ଚప̱̹ࢃȄ΃Ϋࣖ͞༦̵้̦̞̞̽ͅ૓Ȅജٳ̳ͥخෝ଻̦̜ͥȷ̭͂

̦ঐഊ̯̹ͦ^2-4)ȃ̭͈ેޙͬ਋̫Ȅ୺࿝ز̥ͣȶ̧̺̫́ͥȄ்ܢͅ༃̴ْ͉̱ͬ༗ࢌ̳̭ͥ

͂ȃ̷̦ͦະخෝ̜́ͦ͊Ȩ̏́ͥࡠ͇͇̱̹ͤ͊͊໤ৗȄΊσે͈໤ৗͬੰݲ̳̭ͥ͂ȷ͂Ȅ

࡛౷̀ͅ੩࡞̦̜̹̽ȃ

! ࡣനฎআ͈Ψͼ΂έͻσθ͈ੰݲͅ۾̱

͈̀੩࡞⁴⁾ͬ͏̢͘Ȅ͇͇̱̹͊͊໤ৗȄΊ σે໤ৗ͈ੰݲ༹༷͈࠿൦̦࣐̹̈́ͩͦȃ

̷͈ࠫضȄ༃࿂͈ાਫ਼̽̀͢ͅȄ৕ߖ͈ે

ఠ͉ఱ̧̩։̈́ͤȄ൐༃͈֚໐Ȅཤ༃͈֚

໐̞͉̾̀ͅȄ̠̳̞ෛഽً͈ॸاକளဣ סͬဥ༹̞༷̦ͥഐဥ̧̭̦̥́ͥ͂ͩ̽

̹Ȫৢ૯10ֲȄৢ૯13ȫȃ̱̥̱Ȅධ༃ਁ

ଭ߃༏͈৕ߖ͈ેఠ͉Ȅ̶̞৻̜́ͤȄ൳

༹̲༷̦ঀဥ̧̞̭̦́̈́͂ྶ̥ͣ͂̈́̽

̹ȃાࣣͅ؊̲̀Ȅࢯ޿स͈̈́̓ঀဥ͜࠿

൦̵̰ͥͬං̞̈́ેޙ̜́ͥȃ

! ̹͘Ȅ൳඾ͬޏͅȄ༃࿂͈કඉ͉Ȅકඉ ဥ΀ΗΦȜσ͈యͩͤͅȄકඉဥͼΕίυ ΩΦȜσͬ৽ఘ̱͂̀ဥ༹̞༷ͥͅ୨ͤఢ

̢̹ͣͦȃȪ঩ၳˍȫ

! ˕࠮22඾Ȅ˕࠮29඾͉ͅȄ૥ਹͅ༃࿂͈

ેఠͬږ෇̱̦̈́ͣȄ͇͇̱̹͊͊໤ৗ͈

ੰݲैު̦࣐̹ͩͦȃ༹̭͈༷́Ȅ൐༃Ȅ

ৢ૯23ȅऒȇ2005ා˕࠮ˎ඾ਁଭ໐໦͈အঊȪৢ૯೹ރȇਘ໘ܿ੅໐Ȅ୼࿤ᰦખȫ

! ! ! ֲȇ2005ා˕࠮ˎ඾ਁଭ๶͈ષ͈ฒ૗͈ၥȄन৾দၳ(৘ఘࡐ๷ޢ! X10)

ৢ૯24ȅ2005ා˕࠮16඾! ཤ༃͈Ψͼ΂έͻσ θੰݲ༹͈࠿൦

ୌ༃͈̈́̓ેޙ͉̥̈́ͤ٨஝̦͙̹ͣͦȃ̱̥̱Ȅධ༃̈́̓Ȅ൳༹̲༷́·ςȜΣϋΈ̧̦́

̞̈́ાਫ਼̞͉̾̀ͅȄੰݲ͉ࣾඳͬޭ̹͛ȃ̹͘Ȅධ༃ਁଭ͈Ίσે໤ৗ̢͈̠ͅ໮ે͈΃Ϋ

̦อ୆̱̞̹̀ȃકඉဥͼΕίυάσͺσ΋Ȝσ́फ़޿Ȅੰݲ̱̹͈͈͜Ḙ͈̠̏̈́͢মఠ̦

߫ͤ༐̯ͦͥ͂Ȅ৕ߖْٰ͈͞Ⴆا̦ૺ̞̩̹ͭ́͛Ȩ̏́ͥࡠ்̞ͤ༃ْ͈༗ࢌ̦བͦͥ͘ȃ

! ̭͈˕࠮͈֚Ⴒ͈༃࿂͈ୈऔ͈ಎ́Ȅ৕ߖ̭ͦ́͘͜ͅ໐໦എ͉ͅ෇ে̯̞̹̦ͦ̀ࠪȄ֚

໐͉ڐఱȄ̷̹͈͘ତ͜ड߃Ȅ௩̢̞̞̭̦̀̽̀ͥ͂ྶ̥̹ͣ̈́̽ͅȪৢ૯14ȫ⁵⁾ȃඅͅȄ

ਁଭ͈·ςȜΣϋΈͬদ͙̹षͅȄ๶ֵ͈ષͅอࡉ̯̹ͦ઀̯̞ࠪȪৢ૯15ȫȄਁଭષ༷͈ࠪ

͉̈́̓Ȅ̮̩ड߃੄̧࡛̱̹͈̜̀́ͥ͜ȃ

! ̭͈মఠͬ਋̫Ḙ͈̏ͦ́͘ത࠿শ͈ৢ૯ܱ჏̹̹̭ͬ̓̽͂ͧȄࣽා͉̞̦̽̀ࠪͅఱ̧

̩̹̈́̽ͤȄ૧̹̦ࠪͅږ෇̯̠̹ͦͥ̈́̽͢ͅؿਫ਼̦̜̹̽⁵⁾ȃ

! ˕࠮16඾ͅ಺औ̱̹ष͈๷୆໤ਅ̞͉̾̀ͅȄ΃Ϋ͈ਅ႒͉Acremonium sp.ȄFusarium sp.Ȅ Paecilomyces sp.ȄPenicillium sp.ȄTrichoderma sp.ȄCylindrocarpon sp. ̈́̓Ȅ̥̈́ͤఉ အ଻̦̜̭̦ͥ͂া̯ͦ^2Ȅ3)Ȅ͇͇̱̹͊͊΋υΣȜ̩ͬ̾ͥΨ·Ξςͺ͜ତਅ႒̦໦ၗ̯ͦ̀

̞ͥȃ̭̞ͦͣ̾̀ͅȄ࡛हȄમ̱̞൳೰̦ૺ̞͛ͣͦ̀ͥȃ

ˏȽ24ȅ3116ා21࠮͈ેޙ!

! 2005ා˕࠮ͅȄ๷୆໤ͥ͢ͅ༃࿂͈͇͇̱̹͊͊໤ৗ͈๭ٺͅح̢Ȅ৕ߖ͈͈ࠪତ̦௩̢̀

̞̞̭̽̀ͥ͂ͬ਋̫Ȅ2005ා10࠮13඾Ȅ΋ϋ·ςȜΠ๷୆໤͈୺࿝ز̜́ͥ૩זႁฎআ൳࣐

̢͈̠Ȅ࡛౷಺औ̦࣐̹ͩͦȃ

! ̹͘Ȅ൳඾Ȅ2005ාˏ࠮̨̳͉̦࣐́͂ͤͩͦͅͅȄ༗ۯ̯̞̹ͦ̀৕ߖ༌ͬږ෇̱̹̭͂

ͧȄ৕ߖ͈ၔ௰̩͖͙̦̜ͤͅḘ̷ࣱ̞̏ͅ໤ৗ̦̹̞̽̀ͥ͘ؿਫ਼̦̜ͥાࣣ̦̜̭ͥ͂͜

ږ෇̯̹ͦȪৢ૯16ȫȃ৕ߖນ࿂̧̦̜̞̹ࠪ̀ͅؿਫ਼͈ၔ௰͉Ḙ͈̠̏̈́͢ࢹ௮̥ͣૺͭ́

̦ࠪఱ̧̩̹̈́̽خෝ଻͜াऐ̯̹ͦȃ

! ૩זฎআ࡛ͤ͢౷͈́ර܉۷ख़͈౲ٴ̞̹̺̞̹́ਫ਼ࡉͬါ࿩̳ͥ͂Ȅոئ͈̠̈́ͥ͢ͅȃ

! ȶນ࿂໐໦͉ͅࡉ̢̩̈́̀͜Ȅ͉̦̯̹ͦ৕ߖ͈ၔ௰̦ࠪͅٳ̞̞̹̞̠̭̀͂͂Ȅ઀̯̈́

̦̥͈ࠪ̈́ͤΑάȜΡ́ఱ̧̩̞̠̭̥̈́ͥ͂͂ͣȄ৕ߖၔ௰̥͈̈́ͭͣͅࡔ֦̦̜ͥ͂এͩ

ͦͥȃ୞৒ඤ໐͉100ɓ߃̞৔ഽ̜̭̥́ͥ͂ͣȄ৕ߖ͈ၔ௰ͅକ͈ၠͦൽ̦ంह̱̞̀ͥخ

ෝ଻̜ͥ͜ȃઁၾ͈କ̦̩͖͙̈́̓ͅၡͤ͘Ḙ̷̏ͅ๷୆໤้̦૓̱Ȅ̷͈య৫ॲ໤͂৕ߖ͈

ౢॸ΃σΏ;θ̦฽؊̱̀ဣ̫̩̞̠̀ͥ͂خෝ଻͜ࣉ̢ͣͦͥȃࣽٝȄ৕ߖ໐໦͈̞ࠪ̾ͅ

ৢ૯25ȅ2005ා˕࠮29඾! ഛ͈֔ࠪȪೄࠂ̤

̷͢ˍcmȫ͈႕

ৢ૯26ȅ2005ා˕࠮29඾! ਁଭ͈ષ͈Ίσે

͈؄ͦȪ྽޿କ́ཛྷ੕̵̯̀൲̥̱

̹̭͂ͧȫ̤͍͢๶ֵ͈ષ͈ࠪ

̀ٸ௰̥ͣ۷ख़̱̹̦Ȅࢩ̞ํս̹ͩ̽̀ͅ৕ߖ໐໦̦຾̞̞̀ͥؿਫ਼̦̜̭̦̥̹ͥ͂ͩ̽

Ȫධ༃ȫȃ৕ߖ̦၂ئ༲ٟ̳̭ͥ͂ͬ๰̫̹͈ͥ͛αΑΠ༹༷͉̈́Ȩ்̺̫̩̏́ͥญ̨৾ͤȄ

༗ం̳̭̺ͥ͂͂এ̠ȃ͈ࠪ໐໦̥ͣȄࢯ޿଻໤ৗͬಕව̳̭ͥ͂͜ࣉ̢̦ͣͦͥȄ̳́ͅ຾

̞̞̀ͥ໐໦͉࢘ͅض̦̞̈́͂এͩͦͥȃȷ

! ̯ͣͅȄ͈̻͈૩זฎআ͈಺औͤ͢ͅḘ͈̏শത͈́୞৒ඤ༃࿂͈͇͇̱̹͊͊໤ৗ̥͉ͣ

SphingomonasȄPseudomonas̈́̓ȄΨͼ΂έͻσθͬैͥΨ·Ξςͺ̱̩͂̀͢౶̞ͣͦ̀

͈̦ͥ͜໦ၗ̯̹̭̦ͦ͂༭̯̞࣬ͦ̀ͥ⁶⁾ȃ̭͈̠̈́͢Ψ·Ξςͺ̦Ȅ༃࿂͈͇͇̱̹͊͊໤

ৗȄΨͼ΂έͻσθ͈ࡔ֦̞͂̈́̽̀ͥخෝ଻̦̞ࣞ͂ࣉ̢ͣͦͥȃ

Ϫ ̟ॵૐ฾ћѢ୸ॣȻ

! ௖చ৔ഽ̦͕͖100ɓ͈ࡣ໩۪ޏ̤̞͉̀ͅȄુͅ΃Ϋ͞ळ޿൝๷୆໤͈อ୆ͥ͢ͅ๭ٺ͂

ႋ̵ࣣ͈ͤͩેޙ̜́ͥȃ๷୆໤͈ईࣣਬࣣఘ̜͇͇̱̹́ͥ͊͊໤ৗȄΊσે໤ৗȪΨͼ΂

έͻσθȫ͈༃࿂͈́ڐఱȄ૗͈ෛ̞΃Ϋ͈อ୆̈́̓Ȅ๷୆໤ͥ͢ͅབ̱̩̞̈́͘גޣ̦஠ఘ

ͅ௩ح̱̞̀ͥેޙ̜́ͥ͂͂͜ͅȄ৕ߖ࿂ͅอ୆̱̞͈̀ͥࠪ௩ح̈́̓Ȅ༃ْ͈ۯၑ͈ത́

ࣾඳ̧ͬͩ͛Ȅ๱ુͅࡕ̱̞ેޙ̜̞̰ͥ͂ͩͥ͂ͅං̞̈́ȃ

! ๷୆໤ଷࢄ༹͈༷͈࠿൦ͬ໵࣐̱̾̾͜Ȅࣽࢃ͜ࡕਹ̈́࠙٦͈͂͜Ȩ̏́ͥࡠ̳͙̥ͤ͞ͅ

༃ْ͈༗ࢌैު̦ૺ̭̦͛ͣͦͥ͂ޑ̩བͦͥ͘ȃ̭͈ેޙͬ͏̢͘Ȅ2005ා10࠮ͤ͢Ȅ༃ْ

͈৾ͤٸ̱/༗ࢌैު̦ஜു̱́ૺ̭͛ͣͦͥ͂͂̈́ͤȄ2005ා12࠮࡛हȄ༃ْ͈ેޙͬ૥ਹͅ

฻౯̱̦͈̈́ͣ༃ْ͈৾ͤٸ̱/༗ࢌैު̦Ȅخෝ̈́ࡠͤ௸̥͞ͅૺ̞͛ͣͦ̀ͥȃ

ଅ૝Ȼ

! ུ༭࣬ಎ͈๷୆໤͈಺औȄ൳೰̜̹̱͉ͤ̀͘ͅȄ଩५੗ఉ൐ނఱڠྴနޗ਎Ȫ࡛Ξ·ΦΑ σ΄˪˟˥˩˞মު໐ڠ੅ࡺ࿚ȫȄࣞುࢼ࣭ٚၛ֓࿪຦૙຦מ୆ࡄݪਫ਼מ୆๷୆໤໐ಿȄ̈́ͣ

͍ͅ૩זႁࡇၛࢩോఱڠ๷୆໤ࢥڠࡄݪ৒ޗ਎̤ͅଲდ̈́ͥ͂͂͜ͅͅȄ༃ْ͈༗ం༷ૻ̾ͅ

̧̱̀͘͜ఱ་ܲਹ̈́੩࡞̧̞̹̺̱̹ͬ͘ȃ̹͘Ȅࡣനఊ჊΍ρμڼ৆ٛ২ࡄݪٳอ౜൚৾

೿࿨͉ͅȄ༃ْ͈๷୆໤͈ੰݲ༹͞࿪स൝̧̱̾̀ܲ͘ͅਹ̥̾৘षഎ̈́੩࡞̧̞̹̺̱ͬ͘

̹ȃȪ़ȫ඾ུ૙຦໦ଢ଼ΓϋΗȜ๷୆໤দࡑهȄ෯ાࢼঙ͉ͅȄ๷୆໤͈൳೰ͅष̱Ȅ̤ଲდ

̱̹̈́ͤ͘ͅȃܱ̱̀૤ͤۜ͢৫̞̹̱̳͘ȃ

ৢ૯27ȅ2005ාˏ࠮17඾̨͉̦࣐࡛͂ͤͩͦ̀ͅह༗ۯ̯̞ͦ̀ͥ৕ߖ༌͈ၔ௰ࣱ͙̞̩͖͙ͣͦͥͅ

ऒȇ৕ߖນ࿂! ນ࿂͉͉ࠪͅൢో̱̞̞̀̈́ȃࣱ̞஌͉૒໤͈आȃ

ֲȇ৕ߖၔ࿂! ࣱ̞̩͖͙Ȫࠪેȫ̦୆̲̞̀ͥȃȪৢ૯೹ރȇਘ໘ܿ੅໐Ȅ୼࿤ᰦખȫ

४ࣉ໲ࡃ!

ˍȫ࿐୼̥ͤȄऎ࿤୷ٰȄۼᙎ஻Ȅ२׆೰ੇȇ΅Πρࡣ໩͈ஜ৒̤͍͢୞৒̤̫ͥͅ޿႒಺औ༭࣬Ȅ༗

ంشڠȄ44Ȅ165Ƚ171Ȫ2005ȫ

ˎȫ଩५੗ఉȇ΅Πρࡣ໩୞৒಺औȪ໹଼17ා˕࠮16඾৘ঔȫ͈ಎۼ༭࣬Ȅඅ༆ঃ୥΅Πρࡣ໩͈༗ం

Ȇڰဥ൝ͅ۾̳ͥ಺औࡄݪտ֥ٛȪల˔ٝȫ঩ၳˑ-ːȄȪ2005ȫ໲ا಩

ˏȫࣞುࢼٚȇ΅Πρࡣ໩͈๷୆໤಺औ̞͈̾̀ͅਫ਼ࡉȄඅ༆ঃ୥΅Πρࡣ໩͈༗ంȆڰဥ൝ͅ۾̳ͥ

಺औࡄݪտ֥ٛȪల˔ٝȫ঩ၳˑ-ˑȄȪ2005ȫ໲ا಩

ːȫࡣനఊ჊ȇ2005ා˕࠮16඾΅Πρࡣ໩͈๷୆໤಺औ̞͈̾̀ͅਫ਼ࡉȄඅ༆ঃ୥΅Πρࡣ໩͈༗ంȆ ڰဥ൝ͅ۾̳ͥ಺औࡄݪտ֥ٛȪల˔ٝȫ঩ၳˑ-˒ȄȪ2005ȫ໲ا಩

ˑȫඅ༆ঃ୥΅Πρࡣ໩͈༗ంȆڰဥ൝ͅ۾̳ͥ಺औࡄݪտ֥ٛȪల˔ٝȫ঩ၳˑ-ˎȄȪ2005ȫ໲ا಩

˒ȫ૩זႁȇ2005ා10࠮13඾΅Πρࡣ໩͈಺औ̞͈̾̀ͅਫ਼ࡉȄඅ༆ঃ୥΅Πρࡣ໩͈༗ంȆڰဥ൝ͅ

۾̳ͥ಺औࡄݪտ֥ٛȪల˔ٝȫ঩ၳˑ-˓ȄȪ2005ȫ໲ا಩

΅ȜχȜΡȇࡣ໩ȪtumulusȫȈ΃ΫȪmouldsȫȈΨ·ΞςͺȪbacteriaȫ

Ƀ঩ၳˍɄ! ΅Πρࡣ໩Ȅ୞৒Ȅ઀ஜ৒൝ͅঀဥ̯̹ͦफ़޿ੜၑဥ͈࿪स

Ȫˍȫ2005ා˕࠮ոஜ

! ޫਫ਼എ̈́फ़޿͉ͅȄ৽ͅકඉဥ΀ΗΦȜσ̦ဥ̞ͣͦȄાࣣ͉̽̀͢ͅȄકඉဥ΀ΗΦȜσ -0.3ɓγσζςϋ̦ঀဥ̯̹ͦȃ̩͂ͅఛ଻͈̞ࣞ΃Ϋͬफ़޿̳ͥष͉ͅȄٰ̥ͣ׿̞ાਫ਼ͅ

ࡠͤકඉဥ΀ΗΦȜσ-˔ɓγσζςϋ̹͉͘˔ɓγσζςϋକဣס̦ဥ̞̭̜ͣͦͥ͂̽͜

̹ȃ

! ޫਫ਼എ̈́΃Ϋ͈ੜ౾̺̫͉́చ؊̧̞́̈́ાࣣͅΩργσθͺσΟΪΡᛞ૊̦࣐̹ͩͦાࣣ

̜̹̽͜ȃ୞৒̤̫ͥͅΩργσθͺσΟΪΡᛞ૊͈඾শ͂ঀဥ࿪सၾ͉Ȅոئ͈೒̜ͤ́ͥȃ

2004ාˎ࠮˓඾! ˒gȄˎ࠮13඾! ˒gȄˏ࠮21඾! ˒gȄː࠮˕඾! ˕gȄː࠮30඾! 12gȄˑ

࠮20඾! ːgȄ˒࠮16඾! 12gȄ˓࠮ˏ඾! 12gȄ˓࠮16඾! 10gȃ̭ͦո͉ࣛȄ̴͉̱͂ͤশ͈

ैު৪հ஠͈۷ത̥ͣȄຈါ̦̫̈́ͦ͊අ࣐̞̭̱̹̈́ͩ̈́͂͂ͅȃ

Ȫˎȫ2005ා˕࠮ոࣛ

! ਲြ͉Ȅْٰ͞૽ఘ͈͒հ஠଻ͬࣉ̢Ȅકඉဥ΀ΗΦȜσȪ࿩70 v/v%΀ΗΦȜσȫͬಎ૤ͅ

ঀဥ̧̱̹̦̀Ḙ༹͈༷͉̏́࢘ض̦ષ̧̦̩̹̭ͣ̈́̈́̽̀͂Ȅݞ͍೩ෛഽ́΀ΗΦȜσ̦

ॼ̹̽षͅळ޿͈̈́̓וူ࡙̈́ͥͅાࣣ̦̜͈ͥ͂ঐഊ̦̜ͤȄ2005ා˕࠮16඾ոࣛȄકඉဥ ͼΕίυΩΦȜσȪ࿩70 v/v%ȫͬ৽ఘ༹̳༷͂ͥͅ୨ͤఢ̢̹ȃ̭͈̠̈́͢ͺσ΋Ȝσͬ৽ఘ

̳͂ͥफ़޿༹͉Ȅ༃ْ͈͒גޣ͞Ȅ̴͉̱͂ͤैު͈͒גޣ̦̽͂͜͜ઁ̞̈́͂ࣉ̢༷ͣͦͥ

༹̜́ͥത̥ͣनဥ̯̞ͦ̀ͥȃ2005ා9࠮ո͈ࣛ࿪स͈ঀ̞໦̫͈ࡔ௱͉ոئ͈೒̜ͤ́ͥȃ

୞৒ඤဥ! Ȫ̴̞ͦ͜ခܥ΄Αဥݟਓ۲ͬ௡಍̱̹ཡඉζΑ·̱ͬ̀ैު͈̭͂ȫ ȪˍȫકඉဥͼΕίυΩΦȜσȪ࿩70 v/v%ȫ

୞৒ඤ́Ȅ༃࿂͈फ़޿ͅঀဥȃٰ͈̜̭ͥ͂ͧ͜خȃ

ȪˎȫͼΕίυΩΦȜσȪ75v/v%ȫ! ȼ! ًॸاକள! Ȫˏw/v%ȫ

! ͇͇͈͊͊Ψͼ΂έͻσθ͈ੰݲ͈षȄخෝ̭̈́͂ͧ́ঀဥȃ

! Ȫًॸاକளဣס͉Ȅ̷͈͉́͘͘ॸ଻Ȫˏɓ೾ഽ́pH4.5 -5 ೾ഽȫ̜͈́ͥ́ȄNaOH

ͬഞح̱Ȅಎ଻̱̹͈͜ͅȫ Ȫˏȫًॸاକளକ! Ȫˎw/v%ȫ

! ͇͇͈͊͊Ψͼ΂έͻσθ͈ੰݲ͈षȄخෝ̭̈́͂ͧ́ঀဥȃ

ঀဥ̱̹͈̻͉Ȅ྽޿କ̜̞͉ͥୈୋକ́ࠚ̩஄૆ȄडࢃͅકඉဥͼΕίυΩΦȜσͬഭ

ື̱̀फ़޿ȃȪًॸاକளဣס͉Ȅ̷͈͉́͘͘ॸ଻Ȫˏɓ೾ഽ́pH4.5 -5 ೾ഽȫ̜́ͥ

͈́ȄNaOHͬഞح̱Ȅಎ଻̱̹͈͜ͅȫ

ȪːȫͼΕίυΩΦȜσȪ75v/v%ȫ! ȼ! Kathon CG͈ခ଼࢘໦Ȫ0.014w/v%ȫ

! ͇͇͈͊͊Ψͼ΂έͻσθ͈ੰݲ࣐̹̜ͬ̽͂Ȅ͕̥͈࿪स̦਱໦ੰݲ̯̹͈̻ͦȄخ

ෝ̭̈́͂ͧ́ঀဥȃΨͼ΂έͻσθ͈ࡔ֦͂̈́ͥΨ·Ξςͺ͈୆֗ͬဲ̢ȄΨͼ΂έͻσ θ͈ڐఱͬཡগ̳ͥȃKathon CG͈ခ଼࢘໦͉͂Ȅ5-·υυ-2-ιΙσ-4ȽͼΕΙͺΖςϋ-3-

΂ϋȄ̤͍͢2-ιΙσ-4-ͼΕΙͺΖςϋ-3-΂ΰ̜ͥȃ

ȪˑȫͼΕίυΩΦȜσȪ75v/v%ȫ! ȼ! γσθͺσΟΪΡȪˍw/v%ȫ

! ఛ଻͈ޑ̞΃Ϋͬफ़޿̳ͥषͅঀဥȃ

! ٰ͈̜ͥાਫ਼͉́ঀဥ̱̞̈́ȃȪγσθͺσΟΪΡ͈দ࿪ͬ37w/vɓ̱͂̀Ȅˍw/vɓͅ

̠̈́ͥ͢ͅഞحȫ

̷͈ఈȄ઀ஜ৒ဥȄ૽ఘဥ Ȫ˒ȫકඉဥ΀ΗΦȜσ

! ୞৒ͅව৒̳ͥषȄैު৪͈કඉͅঀဥȪͼΕίυΩΦȜσ͉ඉ଻̦ޑ̞̹͛Ȅ૽ఘͅ

͉ঀဥ̱̞̈́ȫȃ̹͘Ȅ୞৒ඤ̜́̽̀͜Ȅैު৪̴̦͉̱͂ͤैު͈षȄೄ୪਀́૘ͦ

ͥ໐໦̞͉̾̀ͅȄਲြ೒ͤકඉဥ΀ΗΦȜσͬঀဥ̳ͥȃ

̭͈͕̥Ȅࣣ̞৾ͤ໐͈෻஌໐൝ͅ΃Ϋ̦୆̢̧̞͈̀ͥ͂ੰݲͅঀဥȃ Ȫ˓ȫ΃Ϋ΅ρȜȪခ଼࢘໦! ষՏ؂ளॸȫ

! ࣣ̞৾ͤ໐͈ാ̈́̓ͅ΃Ϋ̦อ୆̧̱̞͈̀ͥ͂फ़޿ͅঀဥȃ

Ȫ̹̺̱Ḙ͈̏࿪स͉Ȅͺσ΋Ȝσً͞ॸاକள̈́̓͂ई̶ͥ͂Ȅ؂ள̦อ୆̧̱ͩ͛̀

ܓࡏ̜͈́ͥ́Ȅঀဥ̜̹͉̽̀ͅ਱໦̈́ಕփ̦ຈါ̜́ͥȫ

! ΩργσθͺσΟΪΡᛞ૊͉Ȅࡔ௱̱࣐̞̦͂̀ͩ̈́Ȅ2005ාذܢո͈ࣛ๷୆໤้͈૓

͞ΘΣ͈௩حฺ̞ͅȄ2005ා˕࠮ˎ඾Ȅ˕࠮16඾ͅȄ̷̸ͦͦ! ˒gͬঀဥ̱̀ȄΩργ σθͺσΟΪΡᛞ૊̦࣐̹̈́ͩͦȃ

Investigation of Biological Issues in Kitora Tumulus during Its Restoration Work (2)

Rika KIGAWA, Hajime MABUCHI, Chie SANO and Sadatoshi MIURA

Excavation of Kitrora Tumulus started at the end of January 2004. As some parts of its plaster walls with beautiful mural paintings had become detached, it was decided to relocate such parts from their stone support and to restore them in a safe environment. This report describes the biological issues encountered during restoration work.

In the course of the excavation of the tumulus and the restoration of the mural paintings in early 2004, some moulds such as Trichoderma sp., Penicillium sp. and Fusarium sp. were seen inside the tumulus. Phialocephala sp., which is a very tough mould, was also found on stones in the front room. At the end of 2004, dark coloured moulds such as Cylindrocarpon sp.

also started to be seen in the tumulus. A bacterium, Bacillus megaterium, which secreted brown coloured substances, was isolated from a piece of paper which had been used to consolidate fragile parts on the plaster. In early 2005, small colonies of viscous gel started to be seen on some parts of the walls. Such gel was a mixture of some bacteria and fungi, Acremonium sp., etc. Therefore, such colonies were treated with about 70% volume ethanol – 0.3% formalin. Insects were also found often in the tumulus during spring and early summer.

In the summer of 2005, the viscous gel suddenly increased to formȨbiofilmȩon the plaster walls. It was very viscous, covering parts of the walls, and 70% volume ethanol was not effective to remove it. In September 2005, investigation of such substances inside the tumulus was performed with the help of specialists on microbes or microbial control. With their adviceȄ the bilfilm was removed, where it was possible, with a low concentration of hydrogen peroxide solution, then treated with about 70% of isopropyl alcohol. Such method was effective on some parts where plaster was relatively intact and robust, but it could not be applied to places where plaster was very fragile, for example on the south wall that had a very precious painting of a phoenix.

Furthermore, in the fall of 2005, small holes with black substances inside became obvious on the plaster walls. It seemed that the hole had developed from the back side of the plaster.

By investigation, a specialist on microbes in concrete suggested that such holes might have been caused by some activity of microbes at places with small spaces on the back side of the plaster.

It is very important to relocate the mural paintings as soon as possible and to keep them in a safe environment in order to protect such paintings from quick break down by microbial attack.