鹿児島県昭和硫黄島の火山噴気孔周辺に生息する Xenograpsus testudinatus の生物学的研究

鹿児島県昭和硫黄島の火山噴気孔周辺に生息する

Xenograpsus testudinatus の生物学的研究

著者

鈴木 廣志, 岩崎 起磨, 宇都宮 悠, 岩本 海美

雑誌名

南太平洋海域調査研究報告=Occasional papers

巻

56

ページ

37-40

別言語のタイトル

Biological Study of the Hydrothermal Crab,

Xenograpsus testudinatus Ng, Huang & Ho, 2000

(Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Grapsidae)

Inhabit in the Adjacent Water of

Showa-Iwojima, Southern Japan

㮵ඣᓥ┴᫛࿴◲㯤ᓥࡢⅆᒣᄇẼᏍ࿘㎶࡟⏕ᜥࡍࡿ

Xenograpsus testudinatus ࡢ⏕≀Ꮫⓗ◊✲

Biological Study of the Hydrothermal Crab,

Xenograpsus testudinatus Ng, Huang & Ho, 2000 (Crustacea:

Decapoda: Brachyura: Grapsidae) Inhabit

in the Adjacent Water of Showa-Iwojima, Southern Japan

㮵ඣᓥ኱ᏛỈ⏘Ꮫ㒊

Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University

せ᪨ 2011 ᖺ 5 ᭶ࠊ㮵ඣᓥ┴୕ᓥᮧ◲㯤ᓥᮾ᪉⣙ 3km ࡟఩⨨ࡍࡿ᫛࿴◲㯤ᓥ࿘㎶ᾏᇦࡢⅆᒣᛶᄇẼ௜㏆࡛ ࢖࣡࢞ࢽ⛉࢝ࢽ㢮ࡀⓎぢࡉࢀࡓࠋᮏ✀ࡣྎ‴டᒣᓥࢆᇶ⏘ᆅ࡜ࡍࡿ_{Xenograpsus testudinatus ࡜ྠᐃࡉࢀ} ࡓ㸦_NGet al. 2014㸧ࠋᮏ✀ࢆྵࡴ Xenograpsus ᒓࡣୡ⏺࡛ 3 ✀ࡋ࠿ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊࡑࡢ⏕≀Ꮫⓗ▱ぢ ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟ஈࡋ࠸ࠋ➹⪅ࡽࡣ_{2014 ᖺ 5 ᭶ࡼࡾ㝶᫬ᮏ✀ࡢ⏕ែᏛⓗ◊✲ࢆ㐍ࡵࠊࡑࡢ⏕ᜥ㔞ࡀ 3,100㹼3,800} ಶయ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࠊᮏ✀ࡢศᕸࡀ᫛࿴◲㯤ᓥ༡ഃᾏ㠃࡟㝈ࡽࢀࠊ࠿ࡘࠊᓊᐤࡾࡢ୍㒊ࡢᆅᇦ࡟ࡋ࠿⏕ᜥࡋ ࡚࠸࡞࠸஦ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࠋᮏ✀ࡢಶయ⩌⏕ែᏛⓗ◊✲ࡣ⌧ᅾࡶ⥅⥆୰࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡣࡌࡵ࡟

࣍࢘࢟࢞ࢽᒓ㸦௬⛠㸧_{Genus Xenograpsus Takeda & Kurata, 1977 ࡣࠊ⌧ᅾ 3 ✀ࡢࡳࡀሗ࿌}

ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢ඲࡚ࡀᾏᗏⅆᒣࡶࡋࡃࡣⅆᒣᛶᄇẼࡀᄇฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᾏᇦ࡟ࡢࡳ⏕ᜥࡋ࡚

࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡽࡣ_{1977 ᖺ࡟ᮾி㒔ᑠ➟ཎࡢすஅᓥ᪂ᓥ࠿ࡽ᪂ᒓ᪂✀࡜ࡋ࡚グ㍕ࡉࢀࡓࢽࢩࣀ}

ࢩ࣐࣍࢘࢟࢞ࢽ_{X. novaeinsularis Takeda & Kurata, 1977ࠊྎ‴໭᪉ࡢடᒣᓥ࠿ࡽሗ࿌ࡉࢀࡓ}

X. testudinatus N. K. Ng, Huang & Ho, 2000ࠊཬࡧࢽ࣮ࣗࢪ࣮ࣛࣥࢻ໭᪉ᾏᇦ࡟࠶ࡿࢣ࣐ࣝࢹ

1993 ᖺࠊ㮵ඣᓥ┴༑ᓥᮧᝏ▼ᓥࡢᾏᗏ Ἠࠊཬࡧࠊᮾி㒔ᑠ➟ཎㅖᓥ໭◲㯤ᓥ࡛ࢽࢩࣀ

ࢩ࣐࣍࢘࢟࢞ࢽࡢ⏕ᜥࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ㸦Ṋ⏣ࡽ _{1993㸧ࠊ2014 ᖺ࡟ࡣ㮵ඣᓥ┴୕ᓥᮧ᫛࿴◲㯤}

ᓥ࿘㎶ᾏᇦ࠿ࡽ_{X. testudinatus ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀࡿ࡞࡝㸦N}G et al. 2014㸸ᅗ 1&2㸧ࠊᮏᒓࡢ᪥ᮏ

࿘㎶ᾏᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᪂ࡓ࡞⏕ᜥᆅࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᮏᒓࡢ࢝ࢽ㢮࡟

㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡣࠊࡑࡢ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡀศ㢮Ꮫⓗ◊✲࡛ࠊ⏕≀Ꮫⓗࠊ⏕ែᏛⓗ◊✲ࡣ_JENGet al.㸦2004b㸧

࡟ࡼࡿ_{X. testudinatus ࡢᦤ㣵⏕ែ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲࡜ྠ᫬࡟⾜ࡗࡓྠ✀ᗂ⏕ࡢᙧែࢆグ㍕ࡋࡓ}

ࡶࡢ㸦_JENGet al. 2004a㸧ࡔࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊᾏᗏⅆᒣࡸⅆᒣᛶᄇẼࡢᄇฟ

ࡍࡿ≉␗࡞⎔ቃ࡟⏕ᜥࡍࡿᮏᒓࡢ⏕ែࢆ◊✲ࡍࡿୖ࡛୙ྍḞ࡞⏕≀Ꮫⓗᇶ♏▱ぢࢆᚓࡿ ࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࡓࠋ ᮏ◊✲ࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿ࡟ᙜࡓࡾࠊㄪᰝ᥇㞟࡟ࡈ༠ຊ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓᮏᏛỈ⏘Ꮫ㒊⦎⩦⯪༡ᫍ୸ࡢ ᖜ㔝᫂ṇ⯪㛗ࡣࡌࡵ஌⤌ဨⓙᵝ࡟῝ࡃឤㅰࡋࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ⌧ᆅ࡛ࡢ _{SCUBA ࡟ࡼࡿᶆᮏ} ᥇㞟࡟ከ኱࡞ᑾຊࢆ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓᮏᏛᢏ⾡㒊⫋ဨᯇᒸ⩫ዪྐࠊ୕ᓥᮧ◲㯤ᓥᅾఫࡢᲚཎẶ࡟ ῝ㅰ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ࡞࠾ࠊᮏ◊✲㈝ࡢ୍㒊ࡣᏛ㛗⿢㔞⤒㈝㺀ࢥ࢔◊✲㺁࡟ࡼࡿࠋ ᮦᩱ࠾ࡼࡧ᪉ἲ ㄪᰝࡣࠊ_{2014 ᖺ 5 ᭶ࠊ8 ᭶ࠊ10 ᭶࡟᫛࿴◲㯤ᓥ༡ഃᾏ㠃ࡢᾏᓊ⥺࡟ἢࡗ࡚ 10 Ⅼࠊ8 ᭶} ཬࡧ_{10 ᭶࡟ࡣࡇࡢ 10 Ⅼ࡟ຍ࠼ᾏᓊ࠿ࡽἈ࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚ 50m ࡢࣛ࢖ࣥࢆ 2 ᮏ୪⾜ࡋ࡚タ⨨ࡋ} ࡚⾜ࡗࡓࠋᾏᓊ⥺࡟ἢࡗࡓ_{10 Ⅼ࡛ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ 2 ಶࢆ 1 ⤌࡜ࡋࡓࢺࣛࢵࣉ㸦ᕷ㈍ࡢ㨶࢟ࣛ} ࣮㸸ࢧ࢖ࢬࡣ_{26.5×26.5×39cmࠊ┠ྜ࠸⣙ 2mm㸧ࢆ 1 ᫨ኪタ⨨ࡋࡓࠋ50m ࡢࣛ࢖ࣥࢺࣛࣥࢭ} ࢡࢺἲ࡛ࡣࠊ_{5m 㛫㝸࡟ 2 ಶ 1 ⤌ࡢࢺࣛࢵࣉࢆ 1 ᫨ኪタ⨨ࡋࡓࠋ᥇㞟ಶయࡣ⢭ᗘ 0.05 ੈࡢ} ࣀࢠࢫ࡛⏥㛗ࠊ⏥ᖜࢆィ ࡋࠊ㞤㞝ࠊᢪ༸ࡢ᭷↓ࢆグ㘓ࡋࠊ୍㒊ࡢಶయࢆ㝖ࡁᨺὶࡋࡓࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ_{5 ᭶࡜ 10 ᭶ࡢㄪᰝ࡛ࡣ࣐࣮࢟ࣥࢢἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚⏕ᜥ㔞ࢆ᥎ᐃࡋࡓࠋᐇ㦂ᐊ࡟ᣢࡕᖐࡗ} ࡓᢪ༸ಶయࡣ཮║ᐇయ㢧ᚤ㙾ୗ࡛༸ᩘࢆィᩘࡍࡿ࡜ྠ᫬࡟ࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ_{50 ༸ࢆ㑅ࡧฟࡋ༸ᚄ} ࢆ ᐃࡋࡓࠋྠ᫬࡟ࠊㄪᰝᾏᇦࡢỈ㉁㸦_{pH㸧࠾ࡼࡧẼἻ୰ࡢ඲◲໬≀㔞ࡶ ᐃࡋࡓࠋ} ᅗ_{1 ᫛࿴◲㯤ᓥᾏᇦ࡛᥇㞟ࡉࢀࡓ Xenograpsus}

testudineatus Ng, Huang & Ho, 2000 ᅗ2 ⏕ᜥᾏᇦᾏᗏࡢᵝᏊ

3

⤖ᯝ࠾ࡼࡧ⪃ᐹ ㄪᰝᾏᇦࡢ_{pH ್ࡣᖹᆒ 6.1±0.03㸦ࢹ࣮ࢱᩘ 11㸧࡜㏻ᖖࡢᾏỈࡢ್㸦⣙ 8.3㸧ࡼࡾప࠸} ್ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋẼἻ࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿ඲◲໬≀ࡣ_{0.3ppm ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽ◲໬≀㔞࡜ pH ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟} ࡣఱࡽ࠿ࡢ㛵ಀࡀண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊ௒ᅇࡣㄪᰝ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࡛௒ᚋㄪᰝࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ 5 ᭶ࡢㄪᰝ࡛ࡣ࢜ࢫ 365 ಶయࠊ࣓ࢫ 93 ಶయࡀ᥇㞟ࡉࢀࠊ࣐࣮࢟ࣥࢢἲ࡟ࡼࡿ⥲⏕ᜥᩘࡣ 3,717 ಶయ୪ࡧ࡟ 3,258 ಶయ࡜᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡓࠋ10 ᭶ࡢㄪᰝ࡛ࡣ࢜ࢫ 351 ಶయࠊ࣓ࢫ 52 ಶయࡀ ᥇㞟ࡉࢀࠊ⥲⏕ᜥᩘࡣ _{3,147 ಶయ࡜᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡓࠋᚑࡗ࡚ࠊᮏ✀ࡣ᫛࿴◲㯤ᓥ༡ഃᾏ㠃ࡢ} ⣙_{100m×50m ࡢ㝈ࡽࢀࡓ⠊ᅖ࡟ 3,100㹼3,700 ಶయࡀ⏕ᜥࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ} ᢪ༸ಶయࡀ_{5 ᭶࡟☜ㄆࡉࢀ 8 ᭶࡟ࡣ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽᮏ✀ࡢ⏘༸᫬ᮇࡣ௚ࡢ࢖࣡} ࢞ࢽ⛉ྠᵝࠊ᫓㹼ึኟ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ⏥㛗⤌ᡂࡢᏘ⠇ኚ໬ࢆࡳࡿ࡜ࠊ_{10 ᭶࡟} ᑠᆺಶయࡢຍධࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࠊࡑࡢᚋࠊ㞝࡛ࡣ⩣ࠎᖺࡢ_{10 ᭶ࡲ࡛ࠊ㞤࡛ࡣ⩣ᖺࡢ 5 ᭶ࡲ࡛} ᫂░࡞ࢧ࢖ࢬ⩌ࡀぢ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ㞝ࡣ⣙_{2 ᖺࠊ㞤ࡣ⣙ 1 ᖺ༙ࡢᑑ࿨࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ} ᮏ✀ࡢศᕸࡀỈ㉁ࠊ≉࡟ప࠸_{pH ್࡜㛵㐃ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜⪃࠼ࠊⅆᒣ⏤᮶ࡢẼἻࡀ} ᄇฟࡍࡿ⟠ᡤࡢᩘ࡜ಶయᩘࡢ㛵ಀࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࡀࠊ᫂░࡞ṇࡢ┦㛵ࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽᮏ✀ࡢศᕸᵝᘧࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟୍ᵝศᕸ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊἢᓊ㒊࡟㞟୰ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ ศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊἢᓊ࠿ࡽ_{20㹫㞳ࢀࡓἈྜ࡛ࡶ 4 ಶయ௨ୖฟ⌧ࡍࡿⅬࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ࠿ࡘἢᓊ} 㒊ࡢಶయࡢ⏥㛗ࡀࠊἈྜࡢᆅⅬࡢಶయ࡟ẚ࡭࡚኱ࡁ࠸ഴྥࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢᆅⅬࡢ_{pH ್ࡣ} 7.58ࠊ୪ࡧ࡟ 7.94 ࡜㏆ഐࡢᆅⅬࡢࡑࢀࡼࡾప࠿ࡗࡓࠋ௒ᅇࡢㄪᰝ࡛ࡣࡲࡔ୙༑ศ࡛࠶ࡿ ࡢ࡛ࠊ௒ᚋࢢࣜࢵࢻㄪᰝ࡞࡝ヲ⣽࡞ㄪᰝࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩

JENG, M. S., CLARK, P. F. and NG, P. K. L. 2004a. The First Zoea, Megalopa, and First Crab Stage of

the Hydrothermal Vent Crab, Xenograpsus testudinatus (Decapoda: Brachyura: Grapsoidea) and Systematic Implications for the Varunidae. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 24: 188-212.

JENG, M. S., NG, N. K. and NG, P. K. L. 2004b. Hydrothermal Vent Crabs Feeds on Marine Snow.

Nature, 432: 969.

MCLAY, C. L. 2007. New Crabs from Hydrothermal Vents of the Kermadec Ridge Submarine

Volcanoes, New Zealand: Gandalfus gen. nov. (Bythograeidae) and Xenograpsus (Varunidae) (Decapoda: Brachyura). Zootaxa, 1524: 1-22.

NG, N. K., HUANG, J. F. and HO, P. H. 2000. Description of a New Species of Hydrothermal Crab,

Xenograpsus testudinatus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Grapsidae). In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Marine Biology in Taiwan – Crustacean and Plankton Taxonomy,

Ecology and Living Resources (Eds. HWANG, J. S., WANG, C. H. and CHAN, T. Y.), 191-199,

NG, N. K., SUZUKI, H., SHIH, H. T., DEWA, S. I. and NG, P. K. L. 2014. The Hydrothermal Crab,

Xenograpsus testudinatus Ng, Huang & Ho, 2000 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Grapsidae) in Southern Japan. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 127(2): 391-399.

TAKEDA, M. and KURATA, Y. 1977. Crabs of the Ogasawara Islands. IV. A Collection Made at the

New Volcanic Island, Nishino-Shima-Shinto, in 1975. Bulletin of National Science Museum (A) Zoology, 3(2): 91-111.

Ṋ⏣ṇ೔࣭Ṋෆᏹྖ࣭Ⳣ἟ᘯ⾜ _{1993㸬ࢽࢩࣀࢩ࣐࣍࢘࢟࢞ࢽࡢ෌Ⓨぢ㸬⮬↛⎔ቃ⛉Ꮫ◊}

✲㸪_6㸸59-64㸬

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