第2章 必修教科等の研究 9 英語 伝えあいたいことを伝えあえる力の育成を目指した英語授業の創造 : 言語活動中心の英語授業で培うコミュニケーション能力

㧥 ⧷⺆

વ߃޽޿ߚ޿ߎߣࠍવ߃޽߃ࠆജߩ⢒ᚑࠍ⋡ᜰߒߚ⧷⺆᝼ᬺߩഃㅧ

֣⸒⺆ᵴേਛᔃߩ⧷⺆᝼ᬺߢၭ߁ࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ⢻ജ֣ ᨋ ⑲᮸ 㧝㧚⎇ⓥਥ㗴ߦࠃߖߡ 㧔㧝㧕ߪߓ߼ߦ ਛቇ 1 ᐕ↢ߩᦨೋߩ⧷⺆ߩ᝼ᬺߢ↢ᓤ㆐ߦߎࠇ߆ ࠄߩ⧷⺆ߩ⋡ᮡࠍᦠ߆ߖࠆߣ㧘ޟ⧷⺆ߢ޿ࠈࠎߥߎ ߣࠍ⹤ߖࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅߚ޿ޕޠߣ╵߃ࠆ↢ᓤ߇ᄙ޿ޕ ↢ᓤߩߎߩᕁ޿ࠍታ⃻ߒߚ޿ߣᕁ޿㧘᝼ᬺࠍߒߡ޿ ࠆޕ⧷⺆ߪ⸒⪲ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߩ㆏ౕ ߢ޽ࠆޕࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ⢻ജࠍ⢒ᚑߔࠆߎߣ߇ ⧷⺆⑼ߩ⋡ᮡߢ޽ࠆޕࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ⢻ജࠍ⢒ ᚑߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪᖱႎࠍ⊒ାߒ㧘ߘߒߡฃାߔࠆ⢻ജ ߩ⢒ᚑ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆޕߘߩߚ߼ߦߪઁ⠪ߦવ㆐ߔࠆ ᣇᴺ㧔How to say㧕ߩ⠌ᓧߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ޕߒ ߆ߒ޿ߊࠄવ㆐ߔࠆᣇᴺࠍりߦߟߌߡ߽㧘વ㆐ߔࠆ ౝኈ(what to say)ߣ⋧ᚻ߇޿ߥߊߡߪࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯ ࡚ࠪࡦߪᚑࠅ┙ߚߥ޿ޕ 㧔࿑㧝㧦ᧄᩞ⧷⺆⑼ߦ߅ߌࠆ⋡ᮡ㧕 ߢߪ㧘ࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍߣࠆ႐㕙ߣߪߤࠎߥ႐ 㕙ߛࠈ߁߆ޕ⋧ᚻߦવ߃ߚ޿ౝኈ߇޽ߞߚࠅ㧘⋧ᚻ ߩ⠨߃߇ಽ߆ࠄߕ㧘ߘࠇࠍ⍮ࠅߚ޿ߣ߈㧘߹ߚߪ⋧ ᚻߦߒߡ߶ߒ޿ߎߣ߿⋧⺣߇޽ߞߚࠅߔࠆߣ߈ߥ ߤ㧘Ᏹߦ⺕߆ࠍ⋧ᚻߦ૗߆ࠍવ߃ࠆᔅὼᕈ߇޽ࠆߣ ߈ߢ޽ࠆޕߎߩᔅὼᕈߣ⹤ߔౝኈ(what to say)ࠍ↢ ᓤ⥄り߇ᷓ߼ߚ⸒⺆ᵴേࠍ᝼ᬺߩਛߦ઀⚵ࠎߢ޿ߊ ߎߣߢ㧘વ߃ߚ޿ߎߣࠍવ߃ว߃ࠆജߩ⢒ᚑࠍ߼ߑ ߒߚ᝼ᬺߩ޽ࠅᣇ(࿑ 1)ࠍ⠨߃ߡ޿ߊޕ 㧔㧞㧕⎇ⓥߩ᭎ⷐ Ԙવ߃ᣇ㧔how to say㧕ߣવ߃ࠆౝኈ㧔what to say㧕ࠍਔᣇࠍᗧ⼂ߒߚ᝼ᬺߩ᭴ᚑ વ߃ᣇߩߺߦߎߛࠊࠆߩߢߪߥߊ㧘ᦨೋߦવ߃ࠆ ౝኈࠍ⸳ቯߒ㧘⸒⺆᧚ᢱߩᒻߣ૶߁႐㕙ࠍᗧ⼂ߒߥ ߇ࠄᢎ߃ࠆޕ߹ߚવ߃ࠆౝኈࠍᷓ߼ࠆߎߣߢ㧘↢ᓤ ㆐ߩવ߃ߚ޿᳇ᜬߜ߇㜞߹ࠆߎߣ߽ᦼᓙߢ߈ࠆޕ ԙ⺒߻㧘⡞ߊ㧘⹤ߔ㧘ᦠߊߩ 4 ᛛ⢻ߩ⛔วࠍᗧ⼂ߒ ߚ⸒⺆ᵴേ ⸒⺆ᵴേߦ߅޿ߡ߽㧘⺒ࠎߛ߽ߩߦߟ޿ߡ⹤ߔ㧘 ᦠ޿ߚߎߣࠍ⺒߻ߣ޿ߞߚ㧘ⶄᢙߩᛛ⢻ࠍ⛔วߒߚ ᵴേࠍߔࠆߎߣߢ⋧ᚻࠍᗧ⼂ߒߚታ〣⊛ߥ⸒⺆ᵴേ ߣߥࠆޕ Ԛ࠺ࠖࡌ࡯࠻ߩᵴേߢ⋧ᚻߣᗧ⷗ࠍ੤ᵹߒߥ߇ࠄ⥄ ಽߩᗧ⷗ࠍવ߃ߡ޿ߊᵴേ ࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍߣߞߡ޿ࠆߣ⋧ᚻߩ⹤ࠍ⡞߈ ᧄ⺰ߩⷐᣦ વ߃ߚ޿ߎߣࠍવ߃ว߃ࠆࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ⢻ജߩ⢒ᚑߩߚ߼ߦߪ㧘᭽ޘߥ⸒⺆ᵴേ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆޕ ⧷⺆⑼ߦ߅ߌࠆ⸒⺆ᵴേߦߟ޿ߡߪਛቇᩞߩቇ⠌ᜰዉⷐ㗔ߦ޽ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘ޟታ㓙ߦ⸒⺆ࠍ૶↪ߒߡ੕޿ߩ ⠨߃߿᳇ᜬߜࠍવ߃ว߁ᵴേޠߣޟ⸒⺆᧚ᢱߦߟ޿ߡℂ⸃ߒߚࠅ✵⠌ߒߚࠅߔࠆᵴേޠࠍࡃ࡜ࡦࠬࠃߊⴕ ߁ᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆޕ⸒⺆᧚ᢱߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ޟ੹㧘ቇ⠌ߒߡ޿ࠆ⸒⺆᧚ᢱࠍ૶߃ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆߣ૗߇ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ ߦߥࠆߩ߆ޠࠍ⍮ࠆߎߣߢ㧘↢ᓤߩᗧ᰼ࠍᒁ߈಴ߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠆޕ߹ߚ㧘ઁ⠪ߣࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯ࠪ ࡚ࡦࠍߣࠆߚ߼ߦߪઁ⠪ߦવ㆐ߔࠆᣇᴺ㧔how to say㧕ࠍ⠌ᓧߔࠆߎߣߪᄢ੐ߢ޽ࠆޕߘࠇߣหᤨߦޟઁ ⠪ߦવ㆐ߒߚ޿ౝኈ(what to say)߽ᄢᄌ㊀ⷐߥ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆޕ↢ᓤ߇ࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍߣࠅߚ޿ߣᕁ ߁ࠃ߁ߥ⹤㗴߿㗴᧚߇ᔅὼߢ޽ࠆޕߘߒߡ㧘⥄ಽߩવ߃ߚ޿ߎߣߛߌࠍવ߃ࠆߩߢߪߥߊ,વ߃ว߃ࠆജ ࠍ⢒߻ߚ߼ߦߪ㧘⥄ࠄ⊒ାߔࠆജߣੱߣ㑐ࠊࠅว߁ജ߇ᔅⷐߛߣ⠨߃ࠆޕߘߩߚ߼ߦߪ㧘߅੕޿ߩ⠨߃߿ ᳇ᜬߜࠍવ߃ว߁⸒⺆ᵴേࠍㅢߒߡ,᭽ޘߥ߽ߩߩ⷗ᣇ㧘⠨߃ᣇߦ⸅ࠇ㧘߅੕޿ߩᗧ⷗ࠍዅ㊀ߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘 ⥄ಽߩ⠨߃ࠍવ߃ࠆᣇᴺࠍ૕㛎⊛ߦቇ߫ߖࠆߎߣ߇ᄢಾߢ޽ࠆޕ⸒⺆ᵴേਛᔃߣߒߚ᝼ᬺࠍዷ㐿ߔࠆਛ ߢ㧘વ߃ߚ޿ߎߣࠍવ߃ว߃ࠆജߩ⢒ᚑࠍ⋡ᜰߒߚ᝼ᬺࠍഃㅧߒߚ޿ޕ

ߥ߇ࠄ㧘⋧ᚻߦ߁߹ߊ⥄ಽߩᗧ⷗ࠍવ߃ߡ޿ߊᔅⷐ ߇޽ࠆޕ߹ߚ⥄ಽߩᗧ⷗ࠍવ߃ࠆߛߌߢߥߊ㧘⋧ᚻ ߦኻᔕߒߥ߇ࠄ⥄ಽߩᗧ⷗ࠍવ߃ࠆߎߣߢᔅⷐߣߥ ߞߡߊࠆޕ 㧔㧟㧕⎇ⓥ઒⺑ ⧷⺆ߢߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ⢻ജࠍၭ߁ߚ߼ߦ ߪ㧘᭽ޘߥ⸒⺆ᵴേࠍⴕ߁ᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆޕ⧷⺆⑼ߩ᝼ ᬺߢߩ⸒⺆ᵴേࠍⴕ߁਄ߢᄢಾߥⷐ⚛߇㧟ߟ޽ࠆߣ ⠨߃ࠆޕ 㧝ߟ⋡ߪવ߃ᣇࠍ⠌ᓧߔࠆ⸒⺆ᵴേߣታ㓙ߦ੕޿ߩ ⠨߃߿᳇ᜬߜࠍવ߃ว߁⸒⺆ᵴേࠍࡃ࡜ࡦࠬࠃߊⴕ ߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆޕ 㧞ߟ⋡ߪ㧘⹤ߔ㧘⡞ߊ㧘⺒߻㧘ᦠߊߩ㧠ߟߩᛛ⢻ ߩⶄᢙࠍ⛔วߒߚᵴേࠍߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘⋧ᚻࠍ ᗧ⼂ߒߚᵴേߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆޕ߹ߚ㧘વ߃ ࠆౝኈࠍᷓ߼㧘⋧ᚻߦવ߃ࠆߎߣࠍᗧ⼂ߒߚ⸒⺆ᵴ േߦߔࠆߎߣ߽ᄢಾߢ޽ࠆޕ 㧟ߟ⋡ߪ᜿ᜦ߿⾈޿‛ߢߩળ⹤ߣ⸒ߞߚ޽ࠆ⒟ᐲ ࡄ࠲࡯ࡦߩ᳿߹ߞߚᣣᏱળ⹤ߛߌߢߥߊ㧘⥄ಽߩ⠨ ߃ࠍ⋧ᚻߦવ߃㧘߹ߚ⋧ᚻߩ⠨߃ߦኻߒߡ⥄ಽߩ⠨ ߃ࠍㅀߴࠆߣ޿ߞߚᵴേࠍలታߐߖࠆߎߣ߽ᄢಾߢ ޽ࠆޕ ߎࠇࠄߩⷐ⚛ࠍḩߚߒߚ⧷⺆⑼ߢߩ⸒⺆ᵴേࠍల ታߐߖࠆߎߣߢ⧷⺆ߢߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ⢻ജࠍ ၭ߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕ 㧞㧚ታ〣଀ 㧔㧝㧕ታ㓙ߦ੕޿ߩ⠨߃ࠍવ߃ว߁⸒⺆ᵴേߦߟߥ ߍࠆߚ߼ߩવ߃ᣇࠍ⠌ᓧߔࠆ⸒⺆ᵴേߩలታ නర᭴ᚑ(࿑㧞)ߣߒߡߪၮᧄ⊛ߦ⸒⺆᧚ᢱߩ૶޿ ᣇࠍ⠌ᓧߒߘߩᓟᵴ↪ߔࠆߣ⸒߁ᒻ߇᥉ㅢߢ޽ࠆޕ ߒ߆ߒ㧘⠌ᓧߔࠆߣ߈ߦනߥࠆᢎᏧਛᔃߩᢥᴺ⺑᣿ ߿Ṷ⠌໧㗴ߩ➅ࠅ㄰ߒߩߺߦ㗬ࠆߩߢߪߥߊ㧘૶޿ ߥ߇ࠄ㧘⠌ᓧߒߡ޿ߊࠃ߁ߥනర᭴ᚑߦߔࠆߎߣߢ ߘߩ⸒⺆᧚ᢱߩᒻ㧘ᗧ๧㧘૶޿ᣇ߇りߦߟ޿ߡ޿ߊޕ (࿑ 2㧦නర⋡ᮡ) ߒ߆ߒၮᧄ੐㗄ࠍℂ⸃ߒߥ޿߹߹ᵴ↪ߔࠆߎߣߪ಴ ᧪ߥ޿ߩߢ㧘Dialogue(ળ⹤)ߩ✵⠌ߢᒻߣ႐㕙ࠍ⠌ ᓧߔࠆޕDialog ߢ޽ࠆߩߢ㧘೨ᓟߩᵹࠇ߆ࠄ Dialog ో૕ߩᗧ๧ࠍ⠨߃ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕߘࠇࠍ↢߆ߒ㧘 ౝኈߣ႐㕙ߣᒻߦ↢ᓤ߇ᵈ⋡ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߥᢥᴺᜰዉ ࠍⴕ߁ޕ߹ߕ㧘Dialogue ߩ࡝ࠬ࠾ࡦࠣࠍⴕ߁ޕ࡝ࠬ ࠾ࡦࠣᓟ㧘᭎ⷐࠍ⡞߈ขࠄߖ㧘ߘߩᓟ㧘޿ߊߟ߆ߩ ⊒໧ࠍⴕ߁ޕ᝼ᬺߩዉ౉ߩญ㗡ዉ౉ߣߒߡߘߩ߹߹ ૶߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕTT ߩᤨߥߤߪᢎᏧߢᦨೋߦ Dialog ࠍṶߓ㧘ߘߎ߆ࠄ↢ᓤߦળ⹤ߩౝኈࠍផ᷹ߐ ߖࠆߎߣ߽޽ࠆ߇㧘ߢ߈ࠆ㒢ࠅ↢ᓤߦ⹤ߒ߆ߌ㧘↢ ᓤߣߩࠗࡦ࠲࡜࡚ࠢࠪࡦࠍㅢߒߡ᝼ᬺߩዉ౉ࠍߔ ࠆޕ ଀(ਅ✢ㇱ߇ᧄᣣߩᜰዉᢥᴺ੐㗄)

T:Hello. Do you have any plans for this Sunday? S:Plan?

T:Yes.

T:What plan do you have? S:Shopping.

T:Oh,you are going to go shopping this Sunday. Right?

ޛ੹ᣣߩ⴫⃻ࠍ૶ߞߡ⸒޿⋥ߔޜ S:Yes.

T:Mr.٤٤is going to go shopping this Sunday. 㧔ੱ⒓ࠍᄌ߃ߡ⸒޿឵߃㧘ో૕߳ߩℂ⸃ࠍଦߔ㧕 T:What are you going to buy?

ޛ⹤ࠍߟߥߍߡ޿ߊޕޜ S:᦯ޕ

T:Clothes. You are going to buy clothes.Right? S:Yes.

T:Does Mr.٤٤have any plans for this Sunday? S:Yes, he does.

T:What is he going to do this Sunday? He is going to _….

S:go shopping.

T:What is he going to buy? S:He is going to buy clothes.

ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ↢ᓤߣߩࠗࡦ࠲࡜࡚ࠢࠪࡦࠍㅢߓߡ㧘↢ ᓤ߇޽ࠆ⒟ᐲᢥߩᗧ๧ࠍߟ߆߼ߚ਄ߢ㧘Dialog ߩ✵ ⠌ࠍ߅ߎߥ߁ޕ✵⠌ߩ㓙ߦ߽ታ㓙ߦ૶߁႐㕙ࠍᗧ⼂ ߒ㧘୘ੱߢߪߥߊࡍࠕߢߩ✵⠌ࠍⴕ߁ޕ ✵⠌ߩ઀ᣇ ╙ 1 Ბ㓏㧦ᓎഀࠍ੤ઍߒߥ߇ࠄ㖸⺒✵⠌ࠍᢙ࿁ ╙ 2 Ბ㓏㧦৻ᣇߪᣣᧄ⺆ߢ߽߁ ᣇߪ⧷⺆ߢ㖸⺒ޕ ଀߃߫

A:Don_{’t eat snacks before dinner.}

B:ࠊ߆ߞߡࠆࠃޕߢ߽߅⣻߇ߔ޿ߡ޿ࠆࠎߛ㧘߅Უ ߐࠎ

A:No. You must waite.

ߎߩࠃ߁ߦᣣᧄ⺆ߣ⧷⺆ࠍᷙߗߡ⺒߻ߎߣߢࠃࠅ⁁ ᴫࠍ⠨߃ߥ߇ࠄ⺒߼ࠆޕߘߩᤨߩᣣᧄ⺆ߪߢ߈ࠆ㒢 ࠅ⥄ಽߚߜ߇᥉Ბ૶߁ࠃ߁ߥ⸒⪲ߢ⹤ߔࠃ߁ߦߐߖ ࠆޕߘ߁ߔࠆߎߣߢᗵᖱߥߤࠍㄟ߼ߡ⺒ߺ߿ߔߊߥ

英

語

ࠅ㧘↢ᓤߩ㖸⺒߇↢߈↢߈ߣߒߡߊࠆޕ ╙ 3 Ბ㓏㧦৻ᣇߪᢎ⑼ᦠࠍᜬߞߡ㧘߽߁ ᣇߪᢎ⑼ ᦠࠍᜬߚߕߦ✵⠌ޕᓎഀࠍ੤ઍߒߥ߇ࠄᢙ࿁ޕ ╙ 4 Ბ㓏㧦ਔᣇᜬߚߕߦ㖸⺒ޕ ╙ 5 Ბ㓏㧦Basic Dialog ࠍੑੱߢṶߓࠆޕ ߎߩࠃ߁ߦવ߃ᣇࠍ⠌ᓧߔࠆ⸒⺆ᵴേߦ߅޿ߡ ߽㧘නᢥߩߺࠍᢎ߃ࠆߩߢߪߥߊ㧘ᢥ⣂ߩਛߢ⧷⺆ ࠍ⠌ᓧߔࠆ⸒⺆ᵴേߦߔࠆߎߣߢ㧘ታ㓙ߦ૶߁႐㕙 ࠍᗧ⼂ߢ߈ࠆޕ 㧔2㧕ⶄᢙߩᛛ⢻ࠍ⛔วߒ㧘વ߃ࠆౝኈࠍᷓ߼ࠆᵴ↪ ߩᲑ㓏ߩ⸒⺆ᵴേߩలታ ԘᏪᵴേߣߒߡ㧘2 ಽ㑆ߩ short Chat㧔⍴޿ળ⹤㧕 ࠍⴕ߁ޕ Short chat ߩขࠅ⚵ߺߢ᳇ࠍߟߌࠆὐ߇ 3 ߟ޽ ࠆޕ৻ߟ⋡ߪ⹤ߛߒߩࡈ࡟࡯࠭ߪ⥄ಽߩߎߣ߆ࠄ⹤ ᆎ߼ࠆޕ଀߃߫㧘ޟߤࠎߥࠫࡖࡦ࡞ߩޚޚ߇ᅢ߈߆ޠ ߣ޿߁⹤㗴ߢ⹤ࠍߔࠆߣ߈ߦߪ

What kind of books do you like? ߣ⸒߁⾰໧߆ࠄᆎ߼ࠆߩߢߪߥߊ㧘

I like books. I like love stories.ߣ⹤ߛߒ⋧ ᚻ߽ᅢ߈߆ߤ߁߆ࠍ዆ߨߡ޿ߊߣ⸒߁ᒻࠍ↪޿ߡ޿ ࠆޕޛ⾗ᢱ޽㧦short chat ߩ⹤㗴㓸ޜ

᥉ㅢߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߢ޿߈ߥࠅ What did you do last night?╬ߣ⇼໧ᢥ߆ࠄ⹤ߒ಴ߖ߫⼊ኤߩ዆ ໧ߦㄭ޿ࠃ߁ߥශ⽎ࠍฃߌࠆޕࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ ߩਛߢߩੱߣߩ㑐ࠊࠅว޿ࠍᗧ⼂ߒߚ⸒⺆ᵴേߦߥ ࠆࠃ߁ߦᔃ߇ߌࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆޕ 2 ߟ⋡ߪ⋧ᚻࠍᄌ߃ߥ߇ࠄⴕ߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆޕ⹤ߔߣ ߈ߦᛶ᛫߇ߥ޿⋧ᚻߣ⹤ߒߚᣇ߇ᵴേߪߒ߿ߔ޿ὐ ߪ޽ࠆߩߛ߇㧘޿ߟ߽หߓ⋧ᚻߛߣ޿ߊࠄ⹤㗴ࠍᄌ ߃ߡ߽෹㆐ห჻ߛߣᣢ⍮ߩᖱႎߩ߿ࠅߣࠅߦߥߞߡ ߒ߹߁ߎߣ߽ᄙ޿ޕߘߎߢ 4 ੱ⃰ߩਛߢ 2 ࿁߆ࠄ 3 ࿁಴᧪ࠆࠃ߁ߦ⹤ߔߣ߈ߩ⋧ᚻߩ੤ઍߩ઀ᣇࠍ᳿߼ ߡ޿ࠆޕ ޛ⾗ᢱ޿㧦ࡍࠕߩ੤ઍߩ઀ᣇޜ 3 ߟ⋡ߪ⹤ߒߚౝኈࠍ࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ߔࠆޕ⹤ߒߚౝኈࠍ ࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ߔࠆߎߣߢ㧘⹤ߒߚౝኈ߇ℂ⸃ߢ߈ߡ޿ࠆ ߆ߩ⏕⹺߇಴᧪ࠆޕ߹ߚ㧘⹤ߒߚౝኈࠍᦠߊߣ޿߁ 㧠ᛛ⢻ߩߟߥ߇ࠅ߽↢߹ࠇߡߊࠆޕ ߹ߚ㧘ᵴ↪ߩᲑ㓏ߦ߅޿ߡߪ૗ࠍ⹤ߔߩ߆ߣ⸒߁ ߎߣߦ㊀ὐࠍ⟎߈ߚ޿ޕ↢ᓤ߇⹤ߔౝኈࠍᷓ߼ࠄࠇ ࠆߚ߼ߩᵴേߣߒߡᕁ⠨࠷࡯࡞ࠍ೑↪ߒߚޕ ޛ⾗ᢱ߁㧦ࠬࡇ࡯࠴ߩౝኈࠍ⠨߃ࠆᕁ⠨࠷࡯࡞ޜ ޛ⾗ᢱ߃㧦ࠬࡇ࡯࠴ߩౝኈࠍ⠨߃ࠆᕁ⠨࠷࡯࡞ 2ޜ ⹤ߔౝኈߩⷰὐࠍਈ߃ࠆߎߣߢ㧘↢ᓤ㆐ߩౝኈߦ 1 ࿁⋡ 2 ࿁ ⋡ 3 ࿁⋡

㑐ߔࠆ⠨߃ߪᷓ߹ߞߡ޿ߚޕ߹ߚ⾗ᢱ㧔߁㧕㧘㧔߃㧕 ࠍ૶߁ߎߣߢ㧘⧷⺆ߩࠬࡇ࡯࠴ߣߒߡવ߃ߚ޿ౝኈ ߇߱ࠇߕߦ᭴ᚑ߇ߒߞ߆ࠅߣߒߚࠬࡇ࡯࠴ࠍᦠߌߡ ޿ࠆ↢ᓤ߇ᄙ߆ߞߚޕ ߹ߚߎࠇࠄߩࡢ࡯ࠢࠪ࡯࠻ߪࠬࡇ࡯࠴ߩ✵⠌ߩ㓙 ߦࡔࡕߣߒߡ૶↪ߒߡ߽ࠃ޿ߎߣߦߒߚޕߎࠇߪ㧘 ߚߛ㧘ࠬࡇ࡯࠴ࠍਣᥧ⸥ߒߡߒ߹߁ߣ㧘⧷⺆ߩᗧ๧ ࠍ޽߹ࠅℂ⸃ߒߡ޿ߥ޿߹߹㧘ᥧ⸥ߒߡ޿ࠆ႐ว߇ ޽ࠆޕࡔࡕࠍ⷗ߥ߇ࠄ⹤ߒߚ޿ౝኈࠍ⏕⹺ߒߡ㧘⧷ ⺆ߢ⹤ߘ߁ߣߔࠆߣ߽߁৻ᐲ⥄ಽߩ⧷⺆ߢ⹤ߔᔅⷐ ߇಴ߡߊࠆޕߎߩ✵⠌ᣇᴺࠍขࠅ౉ࠇࠆߎߣߢ㧘↢ ᓤ㆐ߪߔߴߡㄉᦠߦ㗬ࠆࠊߌߢߥߊ㧘ߢ߈ࠆ㒢ࠅ㧘 ⥄ಽߩ૶߃ࠆ⧷⺆ߢࠬࡇ࡯࠴ߩᢥࠍ૶߁↢ᓤ߇Ⴧ߃ ߚޕ߹ߚવ߃ߚ޿⋧ᚻࠍᗐቯߔࠆߎߣߢᢥ┨ߦ߽ታ 㓙ߩࠛࡇ࠰࡯࠼ࠍߚߊߐࠎ੤߃ߚ⧷ᢥ߇ᄙߊߥߞ ߚޕᚻ⚕ᒻᑼߦߒߚ႐วߥߤߪ㧘⋧ᚻ߇㄰੐ࠍᦠ߈ ߚߊߥࠆࠃ߁ߥᢥࠍᦠ޿ߡ޿ࠆ↢ᓤ߽ᄙ߆ߞߚޕ ޛ⾗ᢱ߅㧦↢ᓤࠬࡇ࡯࠴ේⓂޜ ߹ߚ㧘ᵴേߩਛߢ⥄ಽߩવ߃ߚ޿ߎߣߛߌࠍવ߃ࠆ ߩߢߪߥߊ,વ߃ว߃ࠆജࠍ⢒߻ߚ߼ߦߪ㧘⥄ࠄ⊒ା ߔࠆജߣੱߣ㑐ࠊࠅว߁ജ߇ᔅⷐߛߣ⠨߃ࠆޕߘߩ ߚ߼ߦߪ㧘߅੕޿ߩ⠨߃߿᳇ᜬߜࠍવ߃ว߁⸒⺆ᵴ േࠍㅢߒߡ,᭽ޘߥ߽ߩߩ⷗ᣇ㧘⠨߃ᣇߦ⸅ࠇࠆᵴേ ߽ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆޕ߅੕޿ߩᦠ޿ߚ߽ߩ߿ࠬࡇ࡯࠴ࠍ⡞ ߊߎߣߢ㧘⦟ߐ߿㆑޿ߦ⸅ࠇࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕ߹ߚ㧘 ࠦࡔࡦ࠻ߥߤࠍ߽ࠄ߁ߎߣߢ㧘ᰴߩᵴേ߳ߩᗧ᰼߽ ਄߇ࠆലᨐ߇ᦼᓙߢ߈ࠆޕ⋧ᚻ߇ߤ߁ฃߌᱛ߼ߡ޿ ࠆߩ߆ࠍ⍮ࠆߎߣߪ㧘⥄ಽߩ૞ຠࠍቴⷰ⊛ߦ⷗ࠆജ ࠍ㙃߁ߎߣߦ߽ߟߥ߇ࠆޕࠦࡔࡦ࠻ࠍ⺒߻ߎߣߢ㧘 ⥄ಽߩ૞ຠߩ⹏ଔߦ߽ߥࠆޕ ޛ⾗ᢱ߆㧦↢ᓤ૞ຠޜ 㧔3㧕࠺ࠖࡌ࡯࠻ߩᵴേߢ⋧ᚻߣᗧ⷗ࠍ੤ᵹߒߥ߇ࠄ ⥄ಽߩᗧ⷗ࠍવ߃ߡ޿ߊ⸒⺆ᵴേ ޟ࠺ࠖࡌ࡯࠻ޠߣ⡞ߊߣ㧘ޟ⋧ᚻࠍℂዮߢ⸒޿⽶ ߆ߔߚ߼ߩᣇᴺޠߣᕁࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ㕙߇޽ࠆ߇㧘ᧄ᧪ ߪ⑳ߚߜߩᣣᏱߩ↢ᵴߦ߽ߨߑߒߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ ࠆޕ଀߃߫㧘ᰴߩㅳᧃߩ੍ቯ㧘᥅ߏ㘵ߦ૗ࠍ㘩ߴࠆ ߆ߣ޿߁ࠃ߁ߥᣣᏱ⊛ߥ⹤㗴߆ࠄ㧘ᤨ੐໧㗴߿᡽ᴦ ໧㗴ߥߤ㧘⑳ߚߜߪ᭽ޘߥ໧㗴ߦߟ޿ߡᕁ⠨ߒ㧘߹ ߚߪ㧘๟࿐ߩੱߣᗧ⷗ࠍ੤ᵹߒߚࠅߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘ߘࠇ ߙࠇߩ੐ᨩߦߟ޿ߡ,ߤ߁⸃᳿ߒߡ޿ߊ߆ࠍ್ᢿߒ㧘 ⥄ಽߩ┙႐߿ⴕേࠍ᳿ቯߒߥ߇ࠄ↢ᵴߒߡ޿ࠆߩߢ ޽ࠆޕ࠺ࠖࡌ࡯࠻ߪᣣᏱߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߩ৻ ㇱߢ޽ࠅ㧘⋧ᚻࠍᛂߜ⽶߆ߔߣ⸒߁ࠃࠅઁ⠪ࠍࠃࠅ ࠃߊℂ⸃ߔࠆߚ߼ߩ,߹ߚ⥄ಽࠍࠃߊℂ⸃ߒߡ߽ࠄ ߁ߚ߼ߩᄢಾߥᚻᲑߢ޽ࠅ㧘ࠃࠅቴⷰ⊛ߦᕁ⠨ߒ㧘 ್ᢿࠍਅߔߚ߼ߩᔅⷐߥ⢻ജࠍ⢒ᚑߔࠆߚ߼ߩ⍮⊛ ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߣ⠨߃ࠆޕ↢ᓤ㆐ߦߣߞߡ⥄ಽߩᗧ⷗ࠍㅀ ߴࠆߣ߈,ߤ߁ߒߡ߽㔍ߒ޿⴫⃻ࠍ૶߁௑ะ߇޽ࠆ ߇㧘⋧ᚻߩᗧ⷗ࠍ⡞߈,ߘࠇߦᔕߓߡහ⥝ߢᗧ⷗ࠍㅀ ߴࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘ㄉᦠߦ㗬ࠄߕߦ੹߹ߢ⠌ߞߡ߈ߚ⴫⃻ ࠍ೑↪ߒߡ㧘⥄ಽߩᗧ⷗߇⸒߃ࠆߎߣߦ᳇ߠ߆ߖߚ ޿ޕ߹ߚ㧘࠺ࠖࡌ࡯࠻ߢ૶߁․᦭ߩ⴫⃻ࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆ ߎߣߪᔅⷐߛ߇㧘ᣂߒߊ⠌ᓧߔߴ߈⸒⺆᧚ᢱ߽ߥߊ㧘 ౝኈ߇㊀ⷐߦߥࠆޕ⋧ᚻߣߩࠃࠅࠃ޿ᗧ⷗੤ᵹߩߚ ߼ߩ⧷⺆ࠍ૶߁ߎߣ߇ᔅὼߣߥࠅ㧘⧷⺆߇ᚻᲑߣߥ ࠆࠃ߁ᜰዉߒߡ޿߈ߚ޿ޕ

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ޛ⾗ᢱ㧦ᜰዉ᩺㧝ޜ ߎߩ᝼ᬺߢߪ㧘߹ߕࡢ࡯ࠢࠪ࡯࠻ߦߪ޽ࠆ࠻ࡇ࠶ࠢ ߦߟ޿ߡߩ⾥ᚑߩᗧ⷗߇ᦠ޿ߡ޽ࠅ㧘ߘࠇߦ෻⺰ߔ ࠆߣ޿߁ᵴേࠍⴕߞߚޕࡢ࡯ࠢࠪ࡯࠻ߦᗧ⷗߇ᦠ޿ ߡ޽ࠆߎߣߢ㧘৻ߟߩ࠻ࡇ࠶ࠢߦⶄᢙߩ෻⺰߇ߢ߈㧘 ߹ߚ㧘޽ࠄ߆ߓ߼ᦠ޿ߡ޽ࠆ⴫⃻ࠍ↪޿ߡ෻⺰ߩᗧ ⷗ࠍᦠߊ↢ᓤ߽ᄙ߆ߞߚޕ޽ࠄ߆ߓ߼ᦠ޿ߡ޽ࠆ⴫ ⃻ߪߢ߈ࠆߛߌᣢ⠌੐㗄ࠍ↪޿ࠆߎߣࠍᔃ߇ߌߚޕ ޛ⾗ᢱ߈㧦࠺ࠖࡌ࡯࠻↪ࡢ࡯ࠢࠪ࡯࠻ޜ ߹ߚ㧘᝼ᬺߩᦨᓟߦߪ 2 ߟߩ┙႐ࠍ〯߹߃ߡ㧘⥄ಽ ߩᗧ⷗ࠍ߹ߣ߼ࠆᵴേࠍⴕߞߚޕ↢ᓤߪࡢ࡯ࠢࠪ࡯ ࠻ߩᗧ⷗ࠍෳ⠨ߦߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘⥄ಽߩᗧ⷗ࠍ⧷⺆ߢ⴫ ⃻ߢ߈ߡ޿ࠆ↢ᓤ߇ᄙ߆ߞߚޕߎࠇߪ㧘ታ㓙ߦ⥄ಽ ߩᗧ⷗ࠍㅀߴࠆᵴേࠍߔࠆߎߣߢ⸒⺆ߩવ߃ࠆౝኈ ߇චಽቯ⌕ߒߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ ޛ⾗ᢱߊ㧦࠺ࠖࡌ࡯࠻ᓟߩ↢ᓤߩ߹ߣ߼ޜ

࠺ࠖࡌ࡯࠻ߩ߹ߣ߼ߣߒߡ㧘8 ੱߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢ᭽ޘ ߥ࠻ࡇ࠶ࠢߢ࠺ࠖࡌ࡯࠻ࠍⴕߞߚޕ ޛ⾗ᢱ:ᜰዉ᩺㧞ޜ ޛ⾗ᢱߌ㧦࠺ࠖࡌ࡯࠻↪ࡢ࡯ࠢࠪ࡯࠻ޜ 㧟㧚ᚑᨐߣ⺖㗴 ᝼ᬺᓟߦ↢ᓤߦ࠺ࠖࡌ࡯࠻ߦߟ޿ߡߩ㧡Ბ㓏ߩ⥄Ꮖ ⹏ଔߣ⸥ㅀᒻᑼߩࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻ࠍߣߞߚޕ ⾰໧㧝ޟ⋧ᚻߩᗧ⷗ࠍࠃߊ⡞߈㧘Ⓧᭂ⊛ߦ⥄ಽߩᗧ ⷗ࠍㅀߴࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚޕޠ 㧡㧦㧝㧠ੱ 㧠㧦㧝㧢ੱ 㧟㧦㧤ੱ 㧞㧦㧝ੱ㧝㧦㧝ੱ 㧔↢ᓤߩᗵᗐ㧕 ࡮2 ᢥએ਄ߢ╵߃ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ߈ߚޕ ࡮⋧ᚻߩᗧ⷗ࠍࠃߊ⡞߆ߥ޿ߣ෻⺰ߢ߈ߥ޿ߩߢ⋧ ᚻߩᗧ⷗ࠍࠃߊ⡞ߊࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚޕ ࡮ޟߥࠆ߶ߤޠߣᕁ߁ᗧ⷗߇ߚߊߐࠎ޽ࠅ㧘ੱߦࠃ ࠅⷞὐ߇᭽ޘߛߣᕁߞߚޕ ࡮⧷⺆ߪ߽ߜࠈࠎߛ߇㧘ᣣᧄ⺆ߩᗧ⷗ߣߒߡ޽߹ࠅ ⠨߃߇ᶋ߆߫ߥ߆ߞߚޕ ࡮ࠫࡖ࠶ࠫߩ઀ᣇࠍ੐೨ߦ✵⠌ߒߡ޿ߚߩߢ㧘ὐᢙ ߪߟߌ߿ߔ߆ߞߚޕ ࡮ࠫࡖ࠶ࠫࠍߒߡ޿ࠆߣㅜਛߢὐᢙߩઃߌᣇ߇ว㑆 ߦߥߞߡ߈ߚޕ 㧔ෳⷰ⠪ߩᗵᗐ㧕 ࡮ኻᚢᒻᑼߦߔࠆߎߣߢ㧘࠺ࠖࡌ࡯࠻ࠍߔࠆേᯏߠ ߌ߇㜞߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ߚޕ ࡮ណὐၮḰ߽᣿⏕ߢ㆐ᚑߒߚ޿⋡ᮡ߳ߣㄭߠߊߎߣ ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕ ࡮ࡏࠗࠬ࡟ࠦ࡯࠳࡯߿ࡢ࡯ࠢࠪ࡯࠻ࠍ↪޿ࠆߎߣߢ ⷗⋥ߒࠍߒߡࡈࠖ࡯࠼ࡃ࠶ࠢߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈㧘ᰴ࿁ ߪࠃࠅࠃ޿߽ߩߦߥࠆߎߣ߇ᦼᓙߢ߈ࠆޕ ࡮⧷⺆߇⧰ᚻߥ↢ᓤ߳ߩᚻ┙ߡߣߒߡ㧘ߤ߁ߒߡ߽ ಽ߆ࠄߥ޿න⺆ߪᣣᧄ⺆ࠍ૶ߞߡ߽ࠃ޿ߣߐࠇߡ޿ ߚޕߒ߆ߒߘߩ㓙߽⧷⺆ߩ⺆㗅ߢ⹤ߔࠃ߁ߦᜰዉߐ ࠇߡ޿ߚޕߎߩ߿ࠅᣇߪ⾥ุਔ⺰޽ࠆߣᕁ߁߇㧘ળ ⹤ࠍㅜಾࠇߐߖߕ㧘ߔߴߡߩ↢ᓤ߇ᵴേߦขࠅ⚵߼ ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆߚ߼ߦߪ᦭ലߛߣᕁߞߚޕ ࠺ࠖࡌ࡯࠻ࠍߔࠆߎߣߢ⧷⺆ࠍવ߃ࠆജ߇ߟ޿ߡ ߈ߚߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ↢ᓤ߇ᄙ߆ߞߚޕᣣᧄ⺆ߢߪ⠨߃ ࠄࠇߡ߽⧷⺆ߦ⋥ߔߣ߈ߦߪ⺆ᒵ߿ᢥᴺߩ೙㒢߇޽ ࠅ㧘⥄ಽߩ⍮ߞߡ޿ࠆ⧷⺆ߢ㧘᣿⏕ߦߒ߆߽◲ẖߦ ⴫⃻ߔࠆᣇᴺࠍቇࠎߛߣ⸒߁↢ᓤ߇ᄙ߆ߞߚޕ⺖㗴 ߣߒߡߪ㧘࠻ࡇ࠶ࠢߦࠃࠅᗧ⷗ߩ಴߿ߔߐ߇߆ߥࠅ ㆑ߞߚߣ⸒߁ὐߣ⺆ᒵ߿ᢥᴺ੐㗄ߩ೙㒢߆ࠄવ߃ߚ ޿ౝኈ߇⥄ାࠍᜬߞߡવ߃ࠄࠇߥ޿ߣ⸒߁ߎߣ߇޽ ߞߚޕ߹ߚහ⥝ߢ⧷⺆߇⴫⃻ߢ߈ߥ޿ߎߣߢ࠺ࠖࡌ ࡯࠻߇ṛࠆ႐ว߽޽ߞߚޕ੹࿁ߪහ⥝ߢߩ࠺ࠖࡌ࡯ ࠻ߦ᜸ᚢߒߚ߇੐೨ߦḰ஻ߒߡߊࠆ႐ว߽੹ᓟ⹜ߒ ߡ޿߈ߚ޿ޕ 㧠㧚⚳ࠊࠅߦ ⧷⺆ߢ࠺ࠖࡌ࡯࠻ࠍߔࠆߩߪਛቇ↢ߦߣߞߡߪ࿎ 㔍ߥ⺖㗴߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿ޕߒ߆ߒ㧘ੱߣߩ㑐ࠊࠅߩਛ ߢߒ߆ࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ⢻ജߪ⢒ߚߥ޿ߣ⠨߃ ࠆޕ⧷⺆⑼ߢߩ⸒⺆ᵴേࠍ૕㛎ߔࠆߎߣߢੱߣߒߞ ߆ࠅߣ㑐ࠊߞߡ޿ߌࠆജࠍ⢒ߡࠆ⧷⺆⑼ߩ᝼ᬺࠍ૞ ࠅ਄ߍߡ޿߈ߚ޿ޕ 㧡㧚ෳ⠨ᢥ₂ عਛፉᵗ৻㧔1997㧕ޟ⧷⺆ߩ࠺ࠖࡌ࡯࠻᝼ᬺ 30 ߩᛛޠ ᣿ᴦ࿑ᦠ عELEC ห෹ળ⧷⺆ᢎ⢒ቇળ㧔2008㧕ޟᲑ㓏⊛ࠬࡇ࡯ ࠠࡦࠣᵴേ㧠㧞ޠਃ⋭ၴ

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