㘻☼ᕈߩ৻ᰴరኒ⹜㛎ߦ߅ߌࠆ৻ᰴ߅ࠃ߮ੑᰴኒേ
ᷡ᳓ ᱜ༑⼱Ꮉ ᄢノ
㠽ขᄢቇᄢቇ㒮Ꮏቇ⎇ⓥ⑼␠ળၮ⋚ᎿቇኾᧁᎿቇࠦࠬ
Primary and Secondary Consolidation Behavior in Oedometer Tests of Saturated Cohesive Soil
Masayoshi SHIMIZU, Daiki TANIGAWA
Civil Engineering Course, Department of Management of Social Systems and Civil Engineering,
Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University
Tottori, 680-8552 Japan
E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract: A series of oedometer tests were conducted on saturated cohesive soil. The height of specimen was varied as 1, 2 and 4cm. At the specimen's bottom, pore-water pressure was measured to judge the time at which the primary consolidation ends, tEOP. and vertical load was also measured to estimate the friction mobilizing on the side surface of the specimen. The primary and secondary consolidation strains developing before tEOP were estimated based on the secondary compression rate, CĮ, which was determined from the strain vs. time relationships after tEOP. The estimated primary consolidation strain was compared with the strain predicted by Terzaghi's theory of consolidation.
Key Words: Primary consolidation, Secondary compression, Side friction, Terzaghi's theory, Saturated cohesive soil,
㧝㧚ߪߓߦ 㘻☼ᕈߩ ৻ᰴర ኒ⹜㛎ࠍ ⴕߞߚ㧚ଏ⹜ ߩෘߐࠍ㧠cm㧘㧞cm㧘㧝cm ߣᄌ߃ߡ㧘ߐࠄߦ ゲᄌએᄖߦ㧘ᐩ㕙ߦ߅ߌࠆゲ⩄㊀ߣ㑆㓗᳓ࠍ ᷹ቯߒߚ㧚ᐩ㕙ゲ⩄㊀ߪኒࡦࠣߣଏ⹜ߣߩ ᡂࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆߚߦ᷹ቯߒߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘㑆㓗᳓ ߪ৻ᰴኒ⚳ੌᤨ㑆ࠍ್ቯߔࠆߩߦ↪ߒߚ㧚 ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘 ㆊ㑆㓗 ᳓ᶖᢔ ᓟߩേ߆ࠄ ੑᰴ❗ㅦᐲ CĮࠍቯߒ㧘ߘࠇߦၮߠߡㆊ 㑆㓗᳓ᶖᢔ೨ߩ৻ᰴኒ߅ࠃ߮ੑᰴኒ㊂ࠍផ ቯߒߚ㧚ߐࠄߦ Terzaghi ߩኒℂ⺰ࠍㆡ↪ߒߡ㧘 ৻ᰴኒ㊂ߩផቯ୯ߣᲧセߔࠆ㧚 㧞㧚⹜ᢱ߅ࠃ߮ଏ⹜ᣇᴺ ✵ࠅߒౣ ኒߒߚ㘻 ☼ᕈ ⹜ᢱ㧔⮮☼ 㧕ࠍ↪ߒߚ㧚ᄢဳኒ ኈེߢᦨᄢኒജ 73kPa ߢ੍ኒߒߚ߽ߩߢࠆ㧚㧝ߣ࿑㧝ߦ ⹜ᢱߩ‛ℂ⊛ᕈ⾰ࠍ␜ߔ㧚⹜ᢱࠍ⋥ᓘ6cm㧘ෘߐ 㧔H0㧕ࠍ1㧘2 ߅ࠃ߮ 4cm ߩଏ⹜ߦᢛᒻߒߚ㧚 㧟㧚⹜㛎ⵝ⟎߅ࠃ߮⹜㛎ᣇᴺ ࿑㧞ߦ⹜㛎ⵝ ⟎ߩో ࿑ࠍ␜ߔ 㧚ߎߩ⹜㛎ⵝ ⟎ࠍᮡḰኒ⹜㛎ᯏߦ⸳⟎ߒ㧘㕙ឃ᳓ᐩ㕙㕖 ឃ᳓ߩ᧦ઙߢኒࠍⴕߞߚ㧚 ࡞ 100kPa ࠍ↪ߐߖ㧘ኒ⩄㊀ࠍ 9.8 ߆ࠄ 1256(kPa)߹ߢ⩄㊀ჇಽᲧ㧝ߢᲑ㓏⊛ߦタ⩄ߒߚ㧚 ኒ⩄㊀㧔࿑㧝ෳᾖ㧕ࠍଏ⹜ᢿ㕙Ⓧߢ㒰ߒߚ୯ 㧝 ⹜ᢱߩ‛ℂ⊛ᕈ⾰ ☸ሶኒᐲ (g/cm3) 2.683 ࠪ࡞࠻ಽ (%) 55.5 ☸ᐲ ☼ಽ (%) 45.5 ᶧᕈ㒢⇇ (%) 56.7 ႟ᕈ㒢⇇ (%) 31.1 ࠦࡦࠪࠬ࠹ࡦࠪ ႟ᕈᜰᢙ (%) 25.6 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 ☸ᓘ㧔mm㧕 ㅢ⽻⊖ ಽ₸㧔㧑㧕 ࿑㧝 ☸ᓘടⓍᦛ✢
ࠍኒജ㧔p㧕ߣ߮㧘ኒߩᲑ㓏ࠍ⼂ߔࠆ㧚 ࡞100kPa ࠍ↪ߐߖࠆߣタ⩄ߦ⚂ 3kPa ಽ ߩะ߈ߩജ߇↢ߓࠆ㧚ᓥߞߡ㧘ᱜߩኒജ ߪ p ࠃࠅ⚂ 3kPa ዊߐ㧚ᔅⷐߦᔕߓߡᱜߩ ኒജࠍprߣᦠߊ㧚 ኒᤨ㑆ߪ㧘ฦᲑ㓏ߢ24 ᤨ㑆ߢࠆ㧚 㧠㧚⹜㛎⚿ᨐ߅ࠃ߮⠨ኤ 㧠㧚㧝 㑆㓗᳓ߩേ ࿑㧟㧔a㧕㨪㧔c㧕ߦ㑆㓗᳓ߣᤨ㑆ߩ㑐ଥࠍ␜ ߔ㧚ઍ⊛ߥߣߒߡ㧘p㧩9.8㧘39.2 ߅ࠃ߮ 314kPa ߩᲑ㓏ࠍ␜ߔ㧚ਅߦㅀߴࠆࠃ߁ߦᄖߪ ࠆ߇㧘㑆㓗᳓ߪタ⩄㧔t㧩0㧕ᓟ㧘৻ᣤߒ㧘 ߘߩᓟૐਅߔࠆ㧚ߎߩേ߆ࠄ㧘ㆊ㑆㓗᳓߇ ᶖᢔߒߚߣ್ᢿߒߚᤨ㑆㧔tEOP㧕ࠍቯߒߚ㧔࿑ ߦߪࡑࠢߢ␜ߒߚ㧕㧚 p㧩9.8kPa㧔H0㧩1cm㧕ߦ߅ߡ㧘ኒ⩄㊀ࠍ タ⩄ߔࠆ೨㧘㑆㓗᳓߇࡞ࠃࠅૐߊ㧘ኒ⩄ ㊀ࠍタ⩄ߒߚᤨ㧘㑆㓗᳓ߪ߹ߛਛߢߞߚ㧚 ߹ߚ㧘ߔߴߡߩኒᲑ㓏ߢH0㧩4cm ߩ႐วߦ㑆 㓗᳓ߩㅦᐲ߇ㆃะ߇ࠄࠇߚ㧚 ߎࠇࠄߩ⽎ࠍ⠨ᘦߔࠆߣ㧘㑆㓗᳓᷹ቯ⚻ 〝ߩࡈ࠶ࠪࡦࠣ߇ਇචಽߢߞߚน⢻ᕈ߇⠨߃ ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ࡈ࠶ࠪࡦࠣߪ㧘ଏ⹜ᐩ㕙ߦ⸳⟎ߒߚ ࡐࠬࠬ࠻ࡦߣ㧘ߘߩਅߩജᄌ឵ེߦߟߥ ߇ࠆ⚦ሹࠍ⣕᳇ߔࠆߎߣߣᷙߒߚ⇣‛ࠍឃ㒰ߔ ࠆߚߦⴕ߁㧚 H0㧩㧝cm ߩ⹜㛎ߩ p㧩9.8kPa ߩᲑ㓏ߣ H0=4cm ߩ⹜㛎ߢ⸥ߩᓇ㗀߇ᄢ߈߆ߞߚߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ㧚ߘ ߩ⚿ᨐ㧘․ߦ㧘H0㧩㧝cm ߩ p㧩9.8kPa ߩ႐วߦ tEOPࠍቯߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚ㧚 ࿑㧟ߦ߅ߡ㧘ㆊ㑆㓗᳓ߪኒജߩჇ ಽߣหߓߛߌߒߡߥ㧚ߎࠇߪタ⩄ߣหᤨ ߦኒ߇ㅴⴕߒ㧘ㆊ㑆㓗᳓߇ᷫዋߒߡߊߚ ߢࠆ㧚 ࿑㧠ߦㆊ㑆㓗᳓ߩᦨᄢ୯㧔ǻumax㧕ߣኒ ജჇടಽ㧔ǻp㧕ߩᲧ㧔B ୯㧕ߣኒജߩ㑐 ଥࠍ␜ߔ㧚p㧩40kPa ߩᲑ㓏ߢ B ୯߇ᦨᄢߦߥࠅ㧘 ߘࠇએ㒠ߪ㧘p ߩჇടߣߣ߽ߦૐਅߔࠆะߦ ࠆ㧚 ࿑㧡ߦฦଏ⹜ෘߐH0ߦ߅ߌࠆኒജ㧔p㧕 ߣtEOPߩ㑐ଥࠍ␜ߔ㧚 ࿑㧞 ⹜㛎ⵝ⟎ ٨ ㆊ㑆㓗᳓ᶖᢔὐ㧔H0=㧝cm㧕 ً ㆊ㑆㓗᳓ᶖᢔὐ㧔H0=㧞cm㧕 ع ㆊ㑆㓗᳓ᶖᢔὐ㧔H0=㧠cm㧕 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 0.01 1 t 䋨min䋩 100 10000 u 䋨 kP a䋩 䋱cm 䋴cm 䋲cm p =9.8kPa (a) p=9.8kPa 90 100 110 120 130 0.01 1 100 10000 t 䋨min䋩 u 䋨 kP a䋩 䋱cm 䋴cm 䋲cm p =39.2kPa (b) p=39.2kPa 90 140 190 240 290 0.01 1 t 䋨min䋩 100 10000 u 䋨 kP a䋩 䋱cm 䋴cm 䋲cm p =314kPa (c) p=314kPa ࿑㧟 úlog t 㑐ଥ
ߎߩ࿑߆ࠄ㧘ߤߩኒᲑ㓏ߦ߅ߡ߽ଏ⹜ ෘߐ߇ዊߐ߶ߤ㧘ㆊ㑆㓗᳓ߩᶖᢔ߇ᣧߎ ߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ㧚ߎࠇߪ㧘ଏ⹜ෘߐ߇ዊߐ߶ߤᦨ ᄢឃ᳓〒㔌߇⍴߆ࠄߢࠆ㧚 ߹ߚ㧘ฦଏ⹜ෘߐH0ߦኻߒߡ㧘p ߇ᄢ߈ߊ ߥࠆ߶ߤ㧘tEOPߪᄢ߈ߊߥߞߡࠆ㧚 ࿑㧢ߦ㧘tEOPࠍлt ᴺߢ᳞ߚ t100ߣᲧセߒߚ㧚 лt ᴺߢ᳞ߚ t100ࠍ tEOPߢ㒰ߒߚ୯ࠍଏ⹜Ფ ߦ␜ߒߡࠆ㧚ߎߎߢ㧘ଏ⹜ෘߐ 1cm ߩ p㧩 9.8kPa ߩᲑ㓏ߢߪ㧘వߦㅀߴߚℂ↱ߦࠃࠅᱜ⏕ ߥ tEOPࠍቯߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚߚ㧘࿑␜ߒߡߥ㧚 ࿑߆ࠄ㧘ߤߩ⩄㊀Ბ㓏ߢ߽ t100㧔лt ᴺ㧕㧨tEOP ߩ㑐ଥߦࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘⩄㊀߇ᄢ߈ߊ ߥࠆߦߟࠇߡ㧘ߘߩᏅ߇ᄢ߈ߊߥߞߡࠆ㧚 0.01 0.1 1 1 10 100 1000 10000 pr 䋨kPa䋩 t100 䋨㺕 tᴺ䋩 /tEOP 䋱cm 䋴cm 䋲cm ࿑㧢 tEOPߣt100㧔лt ᴺ㧕ߩᲧセ 㧠㧚㧞 ߭ߕߺߩേ ࿑㧣㧔a㧕㨪㧔h㧕ߦ߭ߕߺߣᤨ㑆ߩ㑐ଥࠍ␜ߔ㧚 หߓኒജߦኻߒߡ㧘ෘߐߩ⇣ߥࠆฦଏ⹜ߩ േࠍᲧセߒߡࠆ㧚ߤߩ⩄㊀Ბ㓏ߦ߅ߡ߽ㆊ 㑆㓗᳓߇ᶖᢔߒߚᤨὐߩ߭ߕߺ㧔İEOP㧕ߪଏ ⹜ෘߐߦࠃߞߡ⇣ߥߞߚ㧚ᱜⷙኒ⁁ᘒ㧔p҈ 157kPa㧕ߢߪ㧘ଏ⹜ෘߐ߇ᄢ߈߶ߤ İEOP߇ ᄢ߈ߊߥࠆะ߇ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߎߩߎߣߪ㧘৻ᰴ ኒਛߦ߅ߡ߽ੑᰴኒ߇ߎߞߡࠆน⢻ᕈࠍ ␜ໂߒߡࠆ㧚 t㧪tEOPߢߩേࠍࠆߣ㧘ߤߩ⩄㊀Ბ㓏ߦ߅ ߡ߽ଏ⹜ෘߐߦ㑐ࠊࠄߕ㧘߭ߕߺߪᤨ㑆ߩኻᢙ ߦኻߒߡ⋥✢⊛ߦᄌൻߒߡࠆ㧔Ⴧടߒߡࠆ㧕 ߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ㧚 㧠㧚㧟 Terzaghi ߩኒℂ⺰ߣߩᲧセ 㧔㧝㧕ੑᰴኒ․ᕈ t㧪tEOPߦ߅ߡ⊒↢ߒߚ߭ߕߺߪߔߴߡੑᰴ ኒࠃࠆ߭ߕߺ İs ߢࠅ㧘㧠㧚㧞ߢᜰ៰ߒߚࠃ߁ ߦİsߪ D H C t d d S log (1) ߩ㑐ଥߦᓥߞߡᄌൻߔࠆߣቯߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ㧚 t҈t0 ߦ߅ߡੑᰴኒ߇↢ߓࠆߣ⠨߃ߡ㧘ᑼ(1) ࠍt㧩t0ߦ߅ߡİs㧩0 ߩೋᦼ᧦ઙߩਅߢⓍಽߔࠆ ߣ 0 log t t C s H ǩ (2) ߣߥࠆ㧚 㧔㧞㧕ቯ ৻ᰴኒ㊂İpࠍ İp㧩İ㧙İs (3) ߣߒߡ⹏ଔߔࠆ㧚ߎߎߦİ ߪታ᷹߭ߕߺߢࠆ㧚 ߐࠄߦ㧘ਅߩ 㧞ߟߩ ቯࠍ⸳ߌ ߡ㧘ߘࠇߙࠇ ߩቯߩਅߢ৻ᰴ߅ࠃ߮ੑᰴኒ㊂ࠍផቯߒߚ㧚 ቯ㧝㧦t0㧩tEOP ߣቯߔࠆ㧘හߜ㧘t㧨tEOP ߦ߅ ߡੑᰴኒ߇↢ߓߥ㧘ᓥߞߡ t㧨tEOP ߦ߅ߌ ࠆታ᷹߭ߕߺ İ ߪߔߴߡ৻ᰴኒ㊂ߢࠆߣቯ ߔࠆ㧚 ቯ㧞㧦t0㧨tEOPߣቯߔࠆ㧚t㧨tEOPߦ߅ߡ㧘 ੑᰴኒ߇⊒↢ߔࠆ㧚ੑᰴኒİsߪᑼ㧔2㧕ߢ ࠊߐࠇ㧘৻ᰴኒ㊂İpߪᑼ㧔3㧕ߢࠊߐࠇࠆ㧚 㧔㧟㧕ቯ㧝ߦၮߠߊ৻ᰴኒߩℂ⺰୯ ታᤨ㑆t ߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆᤨ㑆ଥᢙ TVߪ 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1 10 100 1000 10000 pr 䋨kPa䋩 B 䋨 㼺 uma x /㼺 p䋩 䋱cm 䋴cm 䋲cm ࿑㧠 B ୯́log p 㑐ଥ 0.1 1 10 100 1000 1 10 100 1000 10000 pr 䋨kPa䋩 t EOP 䋨 mi n䋩 䋱cm 䋴cm 䋲cm ࿑㧡 tEOP㧙log p 㑐ଥ
ޓ V v c H t T 2 (4) ߢ᳞ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߎߎߦcVߪታ᷹࠺࠲ߦлt ᴺࠍ ㆡ↪ߒߡ᳞ߚኒଥᢙߢࠆ㧚Tvߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆ ኒᐲߪ㧘ℂ⺰ࠃࠅ㧘 ) exp( 2 1 0 2 2
¦
f m Tv M M U (5) ߎߎߦ ٨ ㆊ㑆㓗᳓ᶖᢔὐ㧔H0=㧝cm㧕㧘ً㧔H0=㧞cm㧕㧘ع㧔H0=㧠cm㧕 0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 0.01 1 100 10000 t 䋨min䋩 İ 䋱cm 䋴cm 䋲cm p =9.8kPa 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.01 1 100 10000 t 䋨min䋩 İ 䋱cm 䋴cm 䋲cm p =19.6kPa(a) p=9.8kPa (b) p=19.6kPa
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.01 1 100 10000 t 䋨min䋩 İ 䋱cm 䋴cm 䋲cm p =39.2kPa 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.01 1 100 10000 t 䋨min䋩 İ 䋱cm 䋴cm 䋲cm p =78.5kPa (c) p=39.2kPa (d) p=78.5kPa 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.01 1 100 10000 t 䋨min䋩 İ 䋱cm 䋴cm 䋲cm p =157kPa 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.01 1 100 10000 t 䋨min䋩 İ 䋱cm 䋴cm 䋲cm p =314kPa
(e) p=157kPa (f) p=314kPa
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.01 1 100 10000 t 䋨min䋩 İ 䋱cm 䋴cm 䋲cm p =628kPa 0.020 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.01 1 100 10000 t 䋨min䋩 İ 䋱cm 䋴cm 䋲cm p =1256kPa (g) p=628kPa (h) p=1256kPa ࿑㧣 İ́log t 㑐ଥ
Ǹ 2 1 2m M 㧔m㧩0㧘1㧘2̖㧕 ߢਈ߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ቯࠃࠅ㧘U㧩100㧑ߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆ ߭ߕߺİ100ߪ İ100㧩İEOP (6) ߢਈ߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚છᗧߩኒᐲ U ߦኻߔࠆ߭ߕߺ ࠍİ’ߣ߅ߊߣ㧘İ’ߪᑼ(6)ࠃࠅ İ’㧩 İEOPU (7) ߢ᳞ࠄࠇࠆ㧚 ᑼ(4)㧘(5)㧘(7)ࠃࠅ㧘İ’㧙t ߩℂ⺰⊛㑐ଥࠍ᳞ ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ㧚 㧔㧠㧕ቯ㧞ߦၮߠߊ৻ᰴኒߩℂ⺰୯ ࿑㧤ෳᾖࠍෳᾖߔࠆ㧚İp㧙t 㑐ଥࠃࠅ t㧩tEOPߦ ߅ߌࠆ߭ߕߺ㧔İpEOP㧕ࠍቯߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߩ ߢ㧘İp90ߪ İp90㧩İpEOP×0.9 (8) ߢ᳞ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߐࠄߦİp㧙t 㑐ଥࠃࠅ㧘İp90ߦ߅ ߌࠆታᤨ㑆㧔t90㧕ࠍផቯߢ߈ࠆߩߢޔcVߪᑼ(4) ࠃࠅ㧘 90 2 90 t H T cV V (9) ߢ᳞ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ታᤨ㑆t ߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆᤨ㑆ଥᢙ TV ߪᑼ㧔4㧕ߢ᳞ࠄࠇࠆ㧚Tvߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆኒᐲߪ㧘 ℂ⺰ࠃࠅ㧘ᑼ㧔5㧕ߢਈ߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚છᗧߩኒᐲ U ߦኻߔࠆ߭ߕߺࠍ İp’ߣ߅ߊߣ㧘İp’ߪ İp’㧩 İpEOPU (10) ߢ᳞ࠄࠇࠆ㧚 ᑼ㧔4㧕㧘㧔5㧕㧘㧔8㧕㧘㧔9㧕㧘㧔10㧕ࠃࠅ㧘İp’㧙t ߩ ℂ⺰⊛㑐ଥࠍ᳞ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ㧚 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.1 1 10 t 䋨min䋩100 1000 10000 İ İEOP İp İ İs 1 CĮ p =314kPa tEOP İpEOP H0=1cm ࿑㧤 İ㧘İs㧘İp㑐ଥ 㧔㧡㧕⚿ᨐߩᲧセ ࿑㧥(a)㨪(c)ߦ p㧩314kPa㧔ᱜⷙኒ⁁ᘒ㧕ߦ ߅ߌࠆ 1) ታ᷹ İ㧙log t 㑐ଥ 2) ቯ㧝ߦၮߠߊℂ⺰⊛ İ’㧙log t 㑐ଥ 3) ቯ㧞ߦၮߠߊ İp㧙logt 㑐ଥ 4) ቯ㧞ߦၮߠߊℂ⺰⊛ İp’㧙log t 㑐ଥ ࠍ␜ߒߚ㧚ቯ㧞ߦၮߠߡ İp’ࠍ᳞ࠆߦߪ㧘t0 ߩ୯߇ᔅⷐߢࠆ㧚࿑㧥ߪ t0 ࠍߘࠇߙࠇ࿑ࠠࡖ ࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߦ␜ߒߚࠃ߁ߦቯߒߚ߽ߩߢࠆ㧚 ࿑㧥ߦ߅ߡ İ ߣ İ’ࠍᲧߴࠆ㧚H0㧩㧝cm ߣ㧞 cm ߩ႐วߦߪ㧘İ ߣ İ’ߩേ߇ోߊ⇣ߥߞߡ ࠆ㧚หߓᤨ㑆ߦ߅ߡℂ⺰୯ࠃࠅ߽ታ᷹୯߇ᄢ߈ ٨ ㆊ㑆㓗᳓ᶖᢔὐ 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.1 1 10t 䋨min䋩100 1000 10000 İ İp İp’ İ İ ’ p =314kPa H0=1cm (a) H0㧩㧝cm㧔t0㧩0.05min㧕 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.1 1 10t 䋨min䋩100 1000 10000 İ İ İ İp’ İp p =314kPa H0=2cm (b) H0㧩㧞cm㧔t0㧩0.05min㧕 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.1 1 10t 䇭䋨min䋩100 1000 10000 İ İ İp’ İp p =314kPa H0=4cm İ ’ (c) H0㧩㧠cm㧔t0㧩0.4min㧕 ࿑ 㧥 İ 㧙 log t 㑐 ଥ 㧔 ℂ ⺰ ୯ ߣ ߩ Ყ セ 㧘 p=314kPa㧕
ߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘t㧨tEOPߦ߅ߡ߽ੑᰴኒ߇↢ߓߡ ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠆߴ߈ߢࠆ㧚H0㧩㧠cm ߩ႐วߦߪ İ ߣ İ’ߩᦛ✢ߪૃߚᒻ⁁ߢߪࠆ߇㧘ᤨ㑆߇ᄢ߈ ߊ⇣ߥߞߡࠆ㧚ߎߩࠃ߁ ߦ㧘৻ᰴኒ⚳ੌࠍ tEOPߢ್ቯߒߡ߽ Terzaghi ߩℂ⺰ߢታ᷹୯ࠍ⺑ ߢ߈ߥ㧚 ᓟㅀߔࠆࠃ߁ ߦ㧘ଏ⹜ ෘߐ߇ ᄢ߈߶ߤ 㕙ᡂ߇ᄢ߈ߊߥࠆ㧚H0㧩4cm ߩ႐วߦߪ㧘 㕙ᡂߩᓇ㗀߇ᄢ߈ߎߣ߇㑐ଥߒߡࠆ߆߽ߒ ࠇߥ㧚 ᰴߦ㧘İpߣ İp’ࠍᲧߴࠆ㧚H0=1cm ߣ 2cm ߩ႐ วߦߪ㧘േ߇ోߊ⇣ߥߞߡࠆ㧚H0=4cm ߩ႐ วߪૃߚᒻ⁁ߢߪࠆ߇㧘ᤨ㑆߇⧯ᐓ⇣ߥߞߡ ࠆ㧚ቯ㧞ߢߪ㧘 t㧪tEOP ߦ߅ߡ↢ߓࠆੑᰴ ኒ․ᕈࠍ Cǩߢ⹏ଔߒߡ㧘ߘࠇࠍ t㧨tEOPߦኻߒߡ ߽ᒛߒߚ㧚ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ t㧨tEOP ߦ߅ߡ↢ߓࠆ ੑᰴኒ㊂ࠍ⠨ᘦߒߡ߽㧘৻ᤨኒ㊂ İp ߩേ ߪTerzaghi ߩℂ⺰ߣ⇣ߥߞߚ㧚 ߎߩߎߣߪ㧘 ቯߩㆡ ↪ᕈߦ㒢 ⇇߇ࠆߎߣ ࠍ␜ߒߡࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ߇㧘ࠆߪㆊ㑆㓗 ᳓ᶖᢔ೨ߢߞߡ߽ Terzaghi ߩℂ⺰ߢ⺑ߢ ߈ߥേࠍ␜ߔߣ߁น⢻ᕈุ߽ቯߢ߈ߥ㧚 㧠㧚㧠 H2ೣߩᬌ⸽ Terzaghi ߩኒℂ⺰ߢߪኒᤨ㑆ߪጀෘߩ 2 ਸ਼ ߦᲧߒߡ㐳ߊߥࠆ㧚ߎߩߎߣࠍᬌ⸽ߔࠆߚߦ㧘 ฦ⩄㊀Ბ㓏ߢ t90ࠍଏ⹜㑆ߢᲧセߒߚ㧚H0=2cm ߩ t90 ࠍၮḰߦߒߡᲧߢߔ㧚t90 ߣߒߡлt ᴺߦ ࠃߞߡ᳞ߚ႐วߣ tEOPߩ 90㧑ߩ୯㧔t90EOP㧕ߩ ႐วߦߟߡ㧘ߘࠇߙࠇ㧘࿑10 ߅ࠃ߮࿑ 11 ߦ␜ ߒߚ㧚 0.1 1 10 1 10 100 1000 10000 pr 䋨kPa䋩 t90 /t90 䋨H 0 =2 cm 䋩 䋱cm 䋴cm 䋲cm H2 ࿑ 10 лt ᴺߦࠃߞߡ᳞ߚ t90ߦࠃࠆ H2ೣߩᬌ ⸽ ߎߎߢ t100ߢߪߥߊߢ t90ߢᲧセߒߚߩߪ㧘лt ᴺߢߪ t100ࠍቯߢ߈ߥ߆ࠄߢࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘࿑ ਛߩ H2 pߪ㧘ଏ⹜ෘߐ 2cm ࠍၮḰߦߒߚ႐ว ߩฦଏ⹜ߩ H2 ೣߩℂ⺰୯ߢࠆ㧚ߥ߅㧘ଏ⹜ ෘߐߪೋᦼෘߐH0ߦࠃࠅ⹏ଔߒߚ㧚 ࿑ 10 ࠃࠅ㧘лt ᴺߢߪᱜⷙኒ⁁ᘒߦࠆߣ H2ೣߪ߶߷ᚑ┙ߒߡࠆ㧚t<t90 ߦ߅ߌࠆታ᷹ ኒ㊂ߪ Terzaghi ߩℂ⺰ߢ⺑ߢ߈ࠆߎߣࠍߔ㧚 ৻ᣇ㧘࿑ 11 ߦ߅ߡ㧘t90EOP ߢߪߤߩᲑ㓏ߢ߽ H2 ೣ߇ᚑ┙ߒߡߥ㧚ߎߩߎߣߪㆊ㑆㓗᳓ ߩᶖᢔᤨὐࠍ t100 ߣߔࠆߣ t100 એ೨ߩേ߇ Terzaghi ߩℂ⺰ߦᓥࠊߥߎߣࠍߒߡࠆ㧚 лt ᴺߪゲᄌ߆ࠄ t90ࠍ᳞ߡ߅ࠅ㧘t90EOPߪ 㑆㓗᳓㧔ᶖᢔᤨ㑆 t100㧕߆ࠄ᳞ߡࠆߚ㧘 ↪ߒߡࠆ࠺࠲߇⇣ߥߞߡࠆ㧚ߎࠇ߇ H2 ೣߩᬌ⸽⚿ᨐߦᏅ߇↢ߓߚℂ↱ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚 㧠㧚㧡 㕙ᡂߦߟߡ ࿑12 ߦ㧘p㧩314kPa ߦ߅ߌࠆ㧘ᐩ㕙ゲ⩄㊀ߩ ᷹ቯ୯㧔න㕙Ⓧᒰߚࠅߩജߦ឵▚㧕߆ࠄ࡞ ࠍᒁߚ୯㧔pu㧕ߣᤨ㑆ߩ㑐ଥࠍ␜ߔ㧚᷹ቯ୯ߪ ᐩ㕙ߦ↪ߔࠆోᔕജߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆ㧚 puߪH0߇ᄢ߈߶ߤዊߐߊߥߞߚ㧚H0߇ᄢ߈ ߶ߤଏ⹜㕙Ⓧ߇ᄢ߈ߩߢ੍ᗐߐࠇߚ⚿ᨐ ߢࠆ㧚ߚߛߒ㧘㕙ᡂജߩᄢ߈ߐ㧔=p-pu㧕 ߪH0ߦᲧߒߡߥ㧚 180 230 280 330 0.01 1 100 10000 t 䋨min䋩 pu䇭 䋨kP a䋩 䋱cm 䋴cm 䋲cm p =314kPa ࿑12 pu㧙log t 㑐ଥ ࿑ 13 ߦ puߩᦨᄢ୯㧔pumax㧕ߣ prߩᲧ㧔pumax/ pr㧕ࠍp ߦኻߒߡ␜ߒߚ㧚ߎߩᲧ㧔pumax/ pr㧕߇ዊ ߐ߶ߤ㕙ᡂߩᓇ㗀߇ᄢ߈ߎߣࠍߔ㧚 ࿑ࠃࠅ㧘߶ߣࠎߤߩ⩄㊀Ბ㓏ߢ㧘pumax ߪ pr ࠃ 0.01 0.1 1 10 1 10 100 1000 10000 pr 䋨kPa䋩 t90 /t90 䋨H 0 =2 cm 䋩 䋱cm 䋴cm 䋲cm H2p ࿑11 t90EOPߦࠃࠆH2ೣߩᬌ⸽
ࠅዊߐߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ㧚 ⹜㛎ᓟߦ⹜ᢱ ߇ߥ⁁ ᘒߢኒ ⩄㊀ߣᐩ㕙⩄ ㊀ߩ㑐ଥࠍ⺞ߴߚ߇㧘Ᏹߦ৻ቯߩ㑐ଥߦߥࠄߥ ߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ㧚ߎࠇߪ㧘ኒኈེߩᐩ᧼߇ࡇࠬ ࠻ࡦ⁁ߦߥߞߡ߅ࠅ㧘᳓ኒᕈࠍ⏕ߔࠆߚࡇࠬ ࠻ࡦ㕙ߦ O ࡦࠣࠍⵝ⌕ߒߡࠆߚߢࠆ ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚 ߒ߆ߒ㧘ߎߩ ࠃ߁ߥⵝ ⟎ߩ᭴ㅧ ߩᡂࠍ⠨ ᘦߒߚߣߒߡ߽㧘ᡂജߪ H0 ߇ᄢ߈߶ߤᄢ߈ ߊߥࠆ㧚 㕙ᡂജ߇ H0 ߦࠃߞߡ⇣ߥࠆߎߣߪ㧘tEOP ߦኻߒߡ H2 ೣ߇ᚑࠅ┙ߚߥ߆ߞߚߎߣߩ߭ߣߟ ߩⷐ࿃ߢࠆน⢻ᕈ߇ࠆ㧚 ߹ߚ㧘H0=1cm ߢ p㧩80kPa ߦ߅ߡ pumax/ pr=1 ߣߥࠅᡂ߇ߥ߆ߞߚߣ್ᢿߐࠇࠆ߇㧘p㧩20 ߆ ࠄ 40kPa ߦタ⩄ߒߚߣ߈㧘pumax/ prߩ୯߇ਅ߇ߞ ߡ ࠆ ߚ タ ⩄ ᧼ ╬ ߦ ᒁ ߞ ដ ߆ ࠅ ߇ ↢ ߓ 㧘p㧩 80kPa ߦߥߞߚᤨᒁߞដ߆ࠅ߇ᄖࠇ㧘ߘߩേߦ ࠃࠅ pumax/ pr߇㧝ߣ߁୯ߦ߹ߢߒߚߣᕁࠊ ࠇࠆ㧚 㧡㧚⚿⺰ ᧄ⎇ⓥߢᓧࠄࠇߚਥߥ⍮ࠍ߹ߣࠆ㧦 㧔㧝㧕৻ᰴኒ⚳ੌᤨ㧔tEOP㧕ߩ߭ߕߺİEOPߪ㧘 ଏ⹜ߩෘߐ㧔H0㧕ߦࠃߞߡ⇣ߥߞߚ㧚 㧔㧞㧕หߓኒജߦኻߒߡ㧘tEOPߪH0߇ᄢ߈ ߶ߤᄢ߈ߊߥߞߚ㧚 㧔㧟㧕ቯ㧝ᬌ⸽⚿ᨐ߆ࠄ㧘t㧨tEOPߢߩኒേ ߪTerzaghi ߩኒℂ⺰ߛߌߢߪ⹏ଔߢ߈ߥ㧚 㧔㧠㧕ቯ㧞ߩᬌ⸽⚿ᨐ߆ࠄ㧘t㧨tEOPߢ↢ߓࠆੑ ᰴኒ․ᕈࠍ㧘t㧪tEOPߦ߅ߌࠆੑᰴ❗ㅦᐲCĮ ߢ⹏ଔߔࠆߦߪ㒢⇇߇ࠆ㧚 㧔㧡㧕H0߇ᄢ߈߶ߤ㧘㕙ᡂജ߇ᄢ߈ߊߥ ࠆ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘ታ㛎ᯏߩ᭴ㅧ⊒↢ߔࠆᡂ߇ሽ ߒ㧘ߘߩᡂ߽৻ቯߢߥߚ㧘৻ቯߦߔࠆ߹ߚ ߪዊߐߊߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆ㧚 ᧄ⎇ⓥߩ㗴ὐࠍߍ㧘ᓟߩ⺖㗴ߣߔࠆ㧦 㧔㧝㧕tEOPࠍúlog t 㑐ଥ߆ࠄቯߔࠆߣ߈ߦਥ ⷰ߇ࠆ㧚 㧔㧞㧕H0㧩1cm ߣ 4cm ߩ⹜㛎ߪ㑆㓗᳓ߩᔕ╵ ߇ࠃߊߥ㧚ౣᕈࠍ⏕߆ࠆߴ߈ߢࠆ㧚 ⻢ㄉ ᧄ⎇ⓥߩ৻ㇱߪ╙ੑ⪺⠪ߩතᬺ⎇ⓥ㧔Ꮏቇㇱᧁ Ꮏቇ⑼㧕ߣߒߡታᣉߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢࠆ㧚ߏᜰዉࠍ ⾦ߞߚ᭑ẖᢎߦ⻢ᗧࠍߔࠆ㧚߹ߚጤᚑᢘ ᛛⴚ⡯ຬߦߪᛛⴚ⊛ߥߏᜰዉࠍߚߛߚ㧚⻢ᗧ ࠍߔࠆ㧚 ฃℂ ᐔᚑ21 ᐕ 10 7 ᣣ 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1 10 100 1000 10000 pr 䋨kPa䋩 pum ax /pr 䋱cm 䋴cm 䋲cm ࿑13 pumax/ pr㑐ଥ
