᪥
᪥ᮏ⏕≀Ꮫ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ
➨ ᅇᅜ㝿⏕≀Ꮫ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ㸦ࢠࣜࢫ㸧 ௦⾲㑅ᢤヨ㦂 ➨㸯㒊㸦グ㏙ᘧ⌮ㄽၥ㢟㸧 ᖺ ᭶ ᪥㸦᭶ࠊఇ᪥㸧
ὀ ព
1.
ྛၥ㢟ᩥࢆㄞࢇ࡛ࠊ㢟ពἢࡗࡓゎ⟅ࢆࠊᩥ❶㸦ᣦᐃࡉࢀࡓሙྜࡣࠊᅗࠊ⾲㸧ࡼࡗ࡚ゎ⟅ࡋ࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ
2.
ゎ⟅ࡣࠊၥ㢟ࡈᣦᐃࡉࢀࡓゎ⟅⏝⣬グධࡋ࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋᏐᩘไ㝈ࡣ≉࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ
3.
Ꮫ⾡⏝ㄒࡣࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡲࡓࡣⱥㄒ࡛ṇࡋࡃ⏝࠸࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ4.
ゎ⟅㛫ࡣࠊ2
㛫20
ศࡋࡲࡍࠋ5.
ࡍ࡚ࡢゎ⟅⏝⣬ࠊၥ㢟␒ྕࠊཷ㦂␒ྕࠊẶྡࢆグධࡋ࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ6.
ၥ㢟ࡣ㒊࡛7
ၥ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ୰ࡣᑠၥࡀ࠸ࡃࡘ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ7.
ၥ㢟Ꮚࡣヨ㦂⤊ᚋᣢࡕᖐࡗ࡚ୗࡉ࠸ࠋཷ㦂␒ྕ Ặྡ
⣽⬊⏕≀Ꮫ࣭⣽⬊ศ
➨
➨㸯ၥ ௨ୗࡢᩥࢆㄞࡳࠊၥ㸯㹼㸲⟅࠼࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ
ᆅ⌫ୖࡣࠊⰍࠎ࡞⏕≀✀ 6SHFLHV ࡀ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ୰࡛ከ⣽⬊࡛࠶ࡿ⬨
᳝ື≀ࡣࠊ༢࡞ࡿ⣽⬊ࡢ㞟ྜయ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢಶయࢆసࡾୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ⣽⬊ࡣࡑ ࡢಶయࡢ୰࡛ࡢ⨨ࡸ㒊ᇦࡼࡗ࡚ศࡋࠊᵝࠎ࡞ᵓ㐀ࡸᶵ⬟ࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
⏕≀ࡢయ࡛ࡣ࣑ࢡࣟ࡞ศᏊࣞ࣋ࣝࡽࡼࡾࡁ࡞⣽⬊ࠊࡑࡋ࡚࣐ࢡࣟ࡞⤌⧊ࡸ
ჾᐁ࡞ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡽࡣྛࠎࡢࣞ࣋ࣝ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࠾࠸
⊂❧ࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ┦స⏝ࡋ࠶ࡗ࡚ᵓ㐀ࡸᶵ⬟ࢆ⥔ᣢࡋ ࡓࡾࠊⓎࡋࡓࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ၥ㸯 ⏕యෆ࠾ࡅࡿ
ࢱࣥࣃ
ࢡ㉁ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢ┦స⏝ࢆ♧ࡍලయⓗ࡞ࢆ࠶ࡆࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢ┦స⏝ࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ
ၥ㸰 ⣽⬊ࡢ୰の᰾⣽⬊㉁ࡢ┦స⏝ࢆ♧ࡍලయⓗ࡞ࢆ࠶ࡆࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢ
┦స⏝ࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ
ၥ㸱 ⏕యࡣከࡃࡢ⣽⬊ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡑࢀࡽࡣ᭷ᶵⓗࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚
࠸ࡿࠋ⣽⬊⣽⬊ࡢ┦స⏝ࢆ♧ࡍලయⓗ࡞ࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢ┦స
⏝ࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ
ၥ㸲 ⏕యࡣከࡃࡢ⤌⧊ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ⤌⧊㛫┦స⏝ࢆ♧ࡍලయⓗ
࡞ࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢ┦స⏝ࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ
㸦➨㸯ၥ⤊㸧
㑇ఏᏛ
➨
➨䠎ၥ㻌 ௨ୗ䛾ᩥ䜢ㄞ䜏䚸ၥ䠍ࠥ䠐䛻⟅䛘䛺䛥䛔䚹㻌
࢟ࣟࢩࣙ࢘ࢪࣙ࢘ࣂ࢚ࠊࢮࣈࣛࣇࢵࢩࣗࠊ࣐࢘ࢫ࡞ࡢࣔࢹࣝ⏕≀࡛ࡣࠊ ࢤࣀ࣒ࡢሷᇶ㓄ิࡀゎㄞࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࢤࣀ࣒㛵㐃ሗࡣࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࡋ࡚
ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺୖ࡛බ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࢟ࣟࢩࣙ࢘ࢪࣙ࢘ࣂ࢚ࡢSDLUHG 㑇ఏᏊ ࡢ࣑ࣀ㓟㓄ิሗࢆධᡭࡋࠊୖグ ✀ࡢࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࡽࠊSDLUHG
ࡢ࣑ࣀ㓟㓄ิࡢ┦ྠᛶࡀ㧗࠸ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢆ᳨⣴ࡋࡓࡇࢁࠊࡑࡢୖ㸴ࡘ ࡣࠊࢩࣙ࢘ࢪࣙ࢘ࣂ࢚ࡢ *RRVHEHUU\ *VE *RRVHEHUU\QHXUR *VEQHXURࠊ ࢮࣈࣛࣇࢵࢩࣗࡢ 3D[ 3D[ 'DQLR 3D[ 3D[ 'DQLRࠊ࣐࢘ࢫࡢ 3D[
3D[ 0XV 3D[ 3D[ 0XV࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ࣑ࣀ㓟㓄ิࢆ
┦ྠ࡞࣑ࣀ㓟ࡀᑐᛂࡍࡿࡼ࠺୪㸦ᅗ㸯㸧ࠊ࣑ࣀ㓟㓄ิᇶ࡙ࡃศᏊ⣔⤫
ᶞࢆసᡂࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ㸰㸧ࠋ
࢟ࣟࢩࣙ࢘ࢪࣙ࢘ࣂ࢚ࡢSDLUHG 㑇ఏᏊࡣࠊ⣽⬊ᙧᡂᮇࡢ⬇ࡢ๓ᚋ㍈ἢࡗ
࡚ࠊ㸵ᮏࡢ⦤≧Ⓨ⌧ࡍࡿࡇࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊ࢟ࣟࢩࣙ࢘ࢪࣙ࢘ࣂ
࢚ࡢJRRVHEHUU\ JVE㑇ఏᏊࡣయ⠇ࡈⓎ⌧ࡋࠊᑡࡋⓎ⏕ࡢ㐍ࢇࡔ⬇࡛ࡣⓎ
⌧ࢆ♧ࡍ ᮏࡢ⦤ࡀ⌧ࢀࡿࠋSDLUHG ࢆḞᦆࡋࡓኚ␗య࡛ࡣࠊ⬇ࡢయ⠇ࡀ୍ࡘ࠾
ࡁḞኻࡍࡿ␗ᖖࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊJVE ࢆḞᦆࡋࡓኚ␗య࡛ࡣྛయ⠇ࡢᙧᡂ␗ᖖ ࡀ⌧ࢀࠊ⮴Ṛ࡞ࡿࠋձSDLUHG ࡢ⩻ヂ㡿ᇦࢆ JVE ࡢไᚚ㓄ิFLVUHJXODWRU\
UHJLRQ⤖ྜࡉࡏࡓJVESDLUHG ⼥ྜ㑇ఏᏊࢆసᡂࡋࠊJVE 㑇ఏᏊࢆḞࡃࢩࣙ࢘
ࢪࣙ࢘ࣂ࢚ึᮇ⬇ᑟධࡋࠊⓎ⌧ࡉࡏࡓࡇࢁࠊṇᖖ࡞⬇Ⓨ⏕ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࠋࡉ
ࡽࠊJVE ࡢ⩻ヂ㡿ᇦࢆ SDLUHG ࡢไᚚ㓄ิ⤖ྜࡉࡏࡓ SDLUHGJVE ⼥ྜ㑇ఏᏊ
ࠊ࣐࢘ࢫࡢ SD[ 㑇ఏᏊࡢ⩻ヂ㡿ᇦࢆ SDLUHG ࡢไᚚ㓄ิ⤖ྜࡉࡏࡓ SDLUHGSD[ ⼥ྜ㑇ఏᏊࢆసᡂࡋࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ SDLUHG 㑇ఏᏊࢆḞࡃࢩࣙ࢘ࢪࣙ࢘
ࣂ࢚ึᮇ⬇ᑟධࡋࠊⓎ⌧ࡉࡏࡓࡇࢁࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶṇᖖ࡞⬇Ⓨ⏕ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࡀࠊ ᡂࡢᙧែࡣ␗ᖖࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ၥ㸯 ᅗ㸯ࡢ࣓ࣛࣥࣥࢺࡢ⤖ᯝࡀ♧ࡍ㔜せ࡞Ⅼࢆ୍ࡘ࠶ࡆ࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊ ࡑࢀࢆ㑅ࢇࡔ⌮⏤ࢆㄝ᫂ࡋ࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ
ၥ㸰 ᅗ㸰ࡢ $ࠊ%ࠊ& ࡣ 3DLUHGࠊ*VEࠊ3D[ 0XV ࡢ࠸ࡎࢀ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅗ㸯ࢆࡶ
$ࠊ%ࠊ& ࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀࡀࡢࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ᑐᛂࡍࡿ㏙࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ
ၥ
ၥ㸱 ୗ⥺㒊ձࡘ࠸࡚ࠊṇᖖ࡞⬇Ⓨ⏕ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࡇࡽศࡿࡇࢆ㏙
࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ
ၥ㸲 ᅗ㸰ࡢ㸴ࡘࡢࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ㑇ఏᏊࡢ㐍ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢάᛶࡢ 㐍ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊศࡿࡇࢆ㏙࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ
Paired -MTVTAFAAA MHRPFFN--- ---GYSTMQD MNSGQGRVNQ LGGVFINGRP LPNNIRLKIV EMAADGIRPC VISRQLRVSH Gsb-neuroi -MDMSSANS- -LRPLFA--- ---GYPFQ-- ---GQGRVNQ LGGVFINGRP LPNHIRLKIV EMAASGVRPC VISRQLRVSH Gsbgeberry -MAVSALN-- -MTPYFG--- ---GYPFQ-- ---GQGRVNQ LGGVFINGRP LPNHIRRQIV EMAAAGVRPC VISRQLRVSH Pax7_Danio MATLPGTVPR MMRPAPGQNY PRTGFPLEVS TPLGQGRVNQ LGGVFINGRP LPNHIRHKIV EMAHHGIRPC VISRQLRVSH Pax3_Danio MTALAGGISR MMRPTPPQNY PRGGYSLEVS TPLGQGRVNQ LGGVFINGRP LPNHIRHKIV EMAHHGIRPC VISRQLRVSH Pax7_Mus_m MAALPGAVPR MMRPGPGQNY PRTGFPLEVS TPLGQGRVNQ LGGVFINGRP LPNHIRHKIV EMAHHGIRPC VISRQLRVSH Pax3_Mus_m MTTLAGAVPR MMRPGPGQNY PRSGFPLEVS TPLGQGRVNQ LGGVFINGRP LPNHIRHKIV EMAHHGIRPC VISRQLRVSH
GCVSKILNRY QETGSIRPGV IGGSKPR-IA TPEIENRIEE YKRSSPGMFS WEIREKLIRE GVCDRSTAP- ----SVSAIS GCVSKILNRY QETGSIRPGV IGGSKPK-VT SPEIETRIDE LRKENPSIFS WEIREKLIKE GFAD---PP- ----STSSIS GCVSKILNRF QETGSIRPGV IGGSKPR-VA TPDIESRIEE LKQSQPGIFS WEIRAKLIEA GVCDKQNAP- ----SVSSIS GCVSKILCRY QETGSIRPGA IGGSKPRQVA TPDVEKRIEE YKRENPGMFS WEIRDKLLKD GVCDRGTVPS GEASSVSSIS GCVSKILCRY QETGSIRPGA IGGSKPKQST TPDVEKKIEE YKRENPGMFS WEIRDKLLKD GICDRNNVP- ----SVSSIS GCVSKILCRY QETGSIRPGA IGGSKPRQVA TPDVEKKIEE YKRENPGMFS WEIRDRLLKD GHCDRSTVP- ----SVSSIS GCVSKILCRY QETGSIRPGA IGGSKPKQVT TPDVEKKIEE YKRENPGMFS WEIRDKLLKD AVCDRNTVP- ----SVSSIS RLVRGRDAP- ---LDNDMSS ASGSPAGDGT KASSSCGSDV SGGHHNNGKP SDEDISDCES EPGIALKRKQ RRCRTTFSAS RLLRGS---- --- DRGSEDG--- RKDYTINGIL GGR--- -DSDISDTES EPGIPLKRKQ RRSRTTFTAE RLLRGS---- --- ---SGSG--- -TSHSIDGIL GGGAGSVG-- -SEDESEDDA EPSVQLKRKQ RRSRTTFSND RVLRARFGK- ---KDDDDEC DKKDEDG-EK KTKHSIDGIL GDK--GNR-- -TDEGSDVES EPDLPLKRKQ RRSRTTFTAE RMLRCKFGGN GDEDEDDDEV EKREIEENER RAKHSIDGIL GDR--SSH-- -SDEGSDVDS EPGLPLKRKQ RRSRTTFTAE RVLRIKFGK- ---KEDDEEG DKKEEDG-EK KAKHSIDGIL GDK--GNR-- -LDEGSDVES EPDLPLKRKQ RRSRTTFTAE RILRSKFGKG ---EEEEADL ERKEAEESEK KAKHSIDGIL SERASAPQ-- -SDEGSDIDS EPDLPLKRKQ RRSRTTFTAE QLDELERAFE RTQYPDIYTR EELAQRTNLT EARIQVWFSN RRARLRKQHT SVSGGAPGGA AASVSHVAAS SSLPSVVSSV QLEALERAFS RTQYPDVYTR EELAQTTALT EARIQVWFSN RRARLRKH-- --- --- --- QIDALERIFA RTQYPDVYTR EELAQSTGLT EARVQVWFSN RRARLRKQ-- --- ---LNT QQVPSFA--- QLEELEKAFE RTHYPDIYTR EELAQRTKLT EARVQVWFSN RRARWRKQ-- --- ---AGA NQLAAFNHLL QLEELERAFE RTHYPDIYTR EELAQRAKLT EARVQVWFSN RRARWRKQ-- --- ---AGA NQLMAFNHLI QLEELEKAFE RTHYPDIYTR EELAQRTKLT EARVQVWFSN RRARWRKQ-- --- ---AGA NQLAAFNHLL QLEELERAFE RTHYPDIYTR EELAQRAKLT EARVQVWFSN RRARWRKQ-- --- ---AGA NQLMAFNHLI PSMAPLAMMP GSLDPATVYQ QQYDFYGSHA NISVSAAAPM ASSNLSPGIT TTPPHHHQFY NPSANTASYI MPGENGNTTP SGGSN--- --- ---SG--- ---LSPM NSGSSNVGVG V--- --- --GLSGATAP PTSTS--- --- ---FG--- ---ATPT TSAAPAPNMG M--- --- --SLYSSQSW PGGFP----P TGMPTLPTYQ LPESTY---- ---PS TTLSQDGSST LHRPQ--- --- --PLPPSSMH PGGFP----P SAMSSLQPYQ LADSPYP--- ---PSSI SQVSEQPS-T VHRPQ--- --- --PLPPTSVH PGGFP----P TGMPTLPPYQ LPDSTY---- ---PT TTISQDGGST VHRPQ--- --- --PLPPSTMH PGGFP----P TAMPTLPTYQ LSETSYQ--- ---PTSI PQAVSDPSST VHRPQ--- --- --PLPPSTVH TGNIIVSSYE TQLGSVYGTE TETHQTMPRN ESPNESVSSA FGQLPPTPNS LSAVVSGAGV TSSSGANSGA DPSQSLANAS LGYGPLGV-- ---GSMAGYS PAPGT--TAT GAGMNDGVHH AAHAPSSHHS AATAAAAAHH HTQMGGYDLV QSAAQH---- PSSGAYENHA AYGGSVASMS PASST--SGT SSAAHSPVQT QAQQPGTGSE FMTSTYG--- ---VGSSNAT YPSAAY---- QGGLSADS-- ---GSAYGLS SNRHTFSSYS ETFMSPTASS NHMNP-VSNG LSPQVMSI-- ---LSNPSAV PSQPQH---- QSGLGSGPGA QEGSSAYCLS SGRHGFSGYS DGYVAAPGHA NPVNPSISNG LPSQVMG--- ---LLNPGAV PHQPQS---- QGGLAAAAAA ADTSSAYG-- -ARHSFSSYS DSFMNPGAPS NHMNP-VSNG LSPQVMSI-- ---LSNPSAV PPQPQA---- QSTIPSNA-- -DSSSAYCLP STRHGFSSYT DSFVPPSGPS NPMNPTIGNG LSPQVMGL-- ---LTNHGGV PHQPQT---- AGSEELSAAL KVESVDLIAA SQSQLYGGWS SMQALRPNAP LSPEDSLNST SSTSQALDVT AHQMFHPYQH TPQYASYPAP --- ---GF PGGFAQPGH- --- ---FGSQNYY HQDYSKLTI- ----DDFSKL TADSVSKISP --- ---SM PQTPATSA-- --- --- --- ---EQL RSQFASAAAS --- ---DF SISPLHGGL- --- ---EASNPIS ASCSQRSDP- ----IKSVDS LASTQSYCPP --- ---DF ALSPLTGGL- --- ---EPSTGMP ASCHSSQRLE ALPGLPSMPA LPSSQSYCPS --- ---DF SISPLHGGL- --- ---DSASSIS ASCSQRADS- ----IKPGDS LPTSQSYCPP --- ---DY ALSPLTGGL- --- ---EPTTTVS ASCSQRLEH- ----MKNVDS LPTSQPYCPP GHAHSHHGHP HAPHPHAHPH PQYAGAHPH- --- YPPPSSSAHF MPQNFNAAAF PSPSKVNYTT MPPQPFYPSW S-LHLSDNYS KLEAPSNWSQ AAYHAAANYN AHVAQHQLND YAAAAAHGNP ---ASAY SHPLPTQGQA ---KYW G-SH--- ---HPSTWD- -SYNFAGSF- --- FPPASAAGNH ---ISGY HHQVDQKSSM MTTAPTYPYF --TYSATSYS VDPVTAGYQY SQYGQTAVD- --- YLAKNVSL-- ---STQR RMKLGDHSAV LGLLQVETGQ --SYSSPGYS VD-HVASYQY SQYGQSKVN- --- TSTVTTVERL ---SRVY PLKRASFGLV E--- --TYSTTGYS VDPV-AGYQY SQYGQTAVD- --- YLAKNVSL-- ---STQR RMKLGEHSAV LGLLPVETGQ --TYSTAGYS MDPV-TGYQY GQYGQSAFH- --- YLKPDIA--- --- --- --- Y-S-
GFAY --AY --
ᅗ䠍 㻼㼍㼕㼞㼑㼐 䛸䛾┦ྠᛶ䛾㧗䛔䝍䞁䝟䜽㉁䛾䜰䝷䜲䞁䝯䞁䝖
䜰䝭䝜㓟䛿䜰䝹䝣䜯䝧䝑䝖୍ᩥᏐ䛷䚸㓄ิ䛾䜼䝱䝑䝥䛿䛂㻙䛃䛷⾲グ䛧䛯䚹
ᅗ 㻞 ᅗ䠍䛾䜰䝷䜲䞁䝯䞁䝖䛻ᇶ䛵䛟ศᏊ⣔⤫ᶞ
⣔⤫ᶞ䛿᭱ᑬἲ䛷సᡂ䛧䛯䚹ᯞୖ䛾ᩘᏐ䛿ᯞ䛾ศᒱ䛾☜䛛䜙䛧䛥䜢♧䛩䝤䞊䝖䝇䝖䝷䝑䝥☜⋡
䠄㻑䠅䜢♧䛩䚹
㸦➨㸰ၥ⤊㸧
᳜≀ᙧែᏛ࣭᳜≀⏕⌮Ꮫ
➨
➨㸱ၥ ௨ୗࡢᩥࢆㄞࡳࠊၥ㸯ࠥ㸳⟅࠼࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ
᳜≀ࡢⴥࡢ୰ࡢᵓ㐀ࢆ㢧ᚤ㙾࡛ほᐹࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊᗞ⏕࠼࡚࠸ࡿ㸯ᮏࡢࣖࣈ
ࢶࣂ࢟ࡢᮌࡽࠊྠࡌࡃࡽ࠸ࡢࡁࡉࡢ㸰ᯛࡢⴥࢆ᥇ྲྀࡋࡓࠋ୍ᯛࡣ᪥୰ࡼࡃ 㝧ࡢᙜࡓࡗ࡚࠸ࡿⴥࠊࡶ࠺୍ᯛࡣᮌࡢෆഃ࠶ࡗ࡚㝧ࡀ࠶ࡲࡾᙜࡓࡽ࡞࠸ⴥࢆ
㑅ࢇࡔࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢⴥࡘ࠸࡚ࠊⴥ⬦ᑐࡋ࡚ᆶ┤࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࣑࢝ࢯ࡛ࣜษ
∦ࢆษࡾࠊᚓࡽࢀࡓษ∦࡛ࣉࣞࣃ࣮ࣛࢺࢆస〇ࡋ࡚㢧ᚤ㙾࡛ほᐹࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋᅗ 㸯ᅗ㸰ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢⴥࡢษ∦ࡽస〇ࡋࡓࣉࣞࣃ࣮ࣛࢺࢆ㢧ᚤ㙾࡛ほᐹࡋ ࡓࡁࡢ┿࡛࠶ࡾࠊ୰ኸ㒊ࡀⴥ⬦㸦⥔⟶᮰㸧ࡢ㒊ศ┦ᙜࡍࡿࠋ
ᅗ㸯ᅗ㸰ࡢ୧᪉ࡶ
100
ಸࡢಸ⋡࡛ᙳࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋၥ㸯 ᅗ㸯ᅗ㸰ࡢୖഃࡣⴥࡢ⾲ഃ㸦ྥ㍈ഃ㸧ࠊࡑࢀࡶഃ㸦⫼㍈ഃ㸧ࡢࡕ
ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᅗࡘ࠸ุ࡚᩿ࡋࡓ᰿ᣐࡶ⟅
࠼࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ
ၥ㸰 ᅗ㸯ࡢ
a
b
ࡢ⤌⧊࡛㍺㏦ࡉࢀࡿ࠾ࡶ࡞≀㉁ࡣఱࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ⤌⧊ࡘ࠸࡚≀㉁ྡࢆ㸯ࡘࡎࡘ⟅࠼࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ
ၥ㸱 ᅗ㸯ࡢ
c
┦ᙜࡍࡿ⤌⧊ࡣࠊ⣽⬊⣽⬊ࡢ㛫㝽㛫ࡀከ࠸ࠋࡇࡢ⣽⬊㛫 㝽ࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇᙺ❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠊⴥ࡛⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿගྜᡂ㛵㐃ࡅ࡚⟅࠼࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ
ၥ㸲 ⴥ⬦㸦⥔⟶᮰㸧ࡢ⤌⧊ࡢ୰ࡣ⣽⬊ቨࡀཌࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ⣽⬊ࡶከࡃᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋ
≀㉁ࡢ㍺㏦௨እ࡛ࠊⴥ⬦ࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙺࢆᢸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠊ
⟅࠼࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ
ၥ㸳 ᅗ㸯ᅗ㸰ࡢࡕࡽࡀ㝧ࡢࡼࡃᙜࡓࡗ࡚࠸ࡿⴥࡢ㢧ᚤ㙾┿࡛࠶ࡿ⪃
࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠊุ᩿ࡋࡓ᰿ᣐࡶ⟅࠼࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ
㸦➨㸱ၥ⤊㸧
Ⓨ⏕⏕≀Ꮫ
➨
➨㸲ၥ ࢘ࢽࡢⓎ⏕㛵ࡍࡿ௨ୗࡢᩥࢆㄞࢇ࡛ࠊၥ㸯㹼㸱⟅࠼࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ
࢘ࢽࡣྂࡃࡽⓎ⏕⏕≀Ꮫࡢࣔࢹࣝື≀ࡋ࡚⏝ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ࢘ࢽࡢཷ⢭
༸ࡣࠊື≀ᴟ᳜≀ᴟࢆ㏻ࡿ㍈ᖹ⾜࡞㠃࡛㸰ᅇࡢ༸ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚㸲⣽⬊ᮇ࡞
ࡿࠋ➨㸱༸࡛㸲⣽⬊ᮇࡢྛ⌫ࡣࠊື≀ᴟ᳜≀ᴟࢆ㏻ࡿ㍈┤ゅ࡞㠃࡛༸
ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࠊ⬇ࡣ㸶⣽⬊ᮇ࡞ࡿࠋ⬇ࡣࡑࡢᚋ༸ࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࡚ࠊ⬊⬇ᮇࠊཎ
⭠⬇ᮇࢆ⤒࡚ࠊࣉࣝࢸ࢘ࢫᗂ⏕࡞ࡿࠋ
ၥ㸯 ࢘ࢽࢆྵࡴᲲ⓶ື≀ࡣࠊᡂయࡢᙧែࠊᵓ㐀ࡢⅬ࡛ࡣ⬨⣴ື≀࡞ࡾ␗
࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊື≀ศ㢮ୖࡣྠࡌࡁ࡞ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉྵࡲࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡁ࡞ࢢࣝ
࣮ࣉࡢྡ⛠ࠊ࡞ࡐ୧⪅ࡀྠࡌࢢ࣮ࣝࣉྵࡲࢀࡿࠊⓎ⏕ᵝᘧࡢⅬὀ┠ࡋ
࡚⟅࠼࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ
ၥ㸰 ࢘ࢽ⬇⌫ࡢⓎ⏕࣭ศࡢ⬟ຊࢆㄪࡿࡓࡵࠊ௨ୗࡢᐇ㦂ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࠋ
࠙ᐇ㦂㸯ࠚ 㸲⣽⬊ᮇࠊྛ⌫ࢆ༢㞳ࡋ࡚Ⓨ⏕ࡉࡏࡿࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ⌫ࡣࠊ ᑠࡉ࠸࡞ࡀࡽࡰ࡞ࣉࣝࢸ࢘ࢫᗂ⏕Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿ㸦ᅗ
A
㸧ࠋ࠙ᐇ㦂㸰ࠚ 㸶⣽⬊ᮇࠊ᳜≀ᴟഃࡢ㸲⣽⬊ࢆ⣽⬊ሢࡋ࡚ศ㞳ࡋ࡚Ⓨ⏕ࡉࡏ
ࡿࠊࣉࣝࢸ࢘ࢫᗂ⏕ࡢື≀ᴟഃ㢮ఝࡋࡓᵓ㐀ࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿ㸦ື≀ᴟ㸧ࠋ᳜≀
ᴟഃࡢ㸲⣽⬊ࢆྠᵝⓎ⏕ࡉࡏࡿࠊࣉࣝࢸ࢘ࢫᗂ⏕ࡢ᳜≀ᴟഃ㢮ఝࡢᵓ㐀
ࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿ㸦᳜≀ᴟ㸧㸦ᅗ
B
㸧ࠋB
ᅗ
A
ᅗB
࠙ᐇ㦂㸯ࠚ࠾ࡼࡧ࠙ᐇ㦂ϩࠚᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊ࢘ࢽ⬇⌫ࡢศື≀ᴟࠊ᳜≀
ᴟࡢ㍈ࡢ㛵ಀࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼ࢆ㏙࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ
ၥ
ၥ㸱 ࢘ࢽ⬇ࡢึᮇⓎ⏕࠾ࡅࡿ㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ࡢ㔜せᛶࢆㄪࡿࡓࡵࠊ࠙ᐇ㦂㸱ࠚ ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࠋ
࠙ᐇ㦂㸱ࠚ ࢘ࢽࡢཷ⢭༸ࢆࠊṇᖖᾏỈࠊ㑇ఏᏊࡢ㌿ࢆ㜼ᐖࡍࡿ⸆ရ㸦
ࢡࢳࣀ࣐ࢩࣥ
D㸧ࢆྵࡴᾏỈ୰࡛Ⓨ⏕ࡉࡏࠊ⌫࠾ࡅࡿࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ྜᡂࢆ
ᐃࡋࡓࠋ⤖ᯝࡣᅗ
C
♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋཎ⭠ᙧᡂࡣࠊཷ⢭ᚋ⣙10
㛫࡛㉳ࡇࡿࠋࢡࢳࣀ࣐ࢩࣥ
D
ྵ᭷ᾏỈ୰࡛Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓ⬇࡛ࡣ⣽⬊ศࡀ㉳ࡇࡽࡎࠊ⬇ࡣᮍ ศ࡞⣽⬊ሢ࡞ࡿࠋᅗ
C
࠙ᐇ㦂㸱ࠚࡢࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ྜᡂࡢኚᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊึᮇ⬇࠾ࡅࡿ
DNA
ࡢ㌿ࠊ ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ྜᡂࠊ࠾ࡼࡧⓎ⏕ࡢ㛵ಀࡘ࠸࡚᥎ㄽࡋ࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ㸦➨㸲ၥ⤊㸧
⏕⌮Ꮫ࣭ෆศἪᏛ
➨
➨㸳ၥ Ỉ࣭㟁ゎ㉁௦ㅰ㛵ࡍࡿ௨ୗࡢᩥࢆㄞࡳࠊၥ
1
㹼5
⟅࠼࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋᆅ⌫ୖࡢ⏕ࡣᾏࡢ୰࡛ㄌ⏕ࡋࡓ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀࢆᫎࡋ࡚ࠊ⏕≀ࡢయ
ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿᡂศ࡛᭱ࡶከ࠸ࡢࡣỈ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࢇࡢ⏕≀ࡣỈࢆኻ࠺⏕ࡁ࡚⾜ࡅ࡞
࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊࡼࡃ
Ỉࡣ⏕ࡢẕゝࢃࢀࡿࠋᚤ㔞࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊཎጞࡢᾏࡶᏑᅾࡋࡓࠊỈ࢜ࣥࡋ࡚⁐ࡅ㎸ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿఱ✀㢮
ࡢඖ⣲ࠊ
Caࠊ Pࠊ Kࠊ Sࠊ Naࠊ Mgࠊ Cl
ࡶࠊ⣽⬊ෆ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣయෆࡢ⏕άືࡗ࡚ࡁࢃࡵ࡚㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ⏕≀ࠊࡃື≀ࡣࠊ⣽⬊ෆእ࠾ࡅࡿ
ࡇࢀࡽࡢ↓ᶵ࢜ࣥ㸦㸻㟁ゎ㉁㸧⃰ᗘࢆ୍ᐃࡢ⠊ᅖෆࡵ࡚࠾ࡃࠊ࠸࠺ㄪ⠇ᶵ
⬟ࢆⓎ㐩ࡉࡏࡓࠋ࢜ࣥ⃰ᗘࡢㄪ⠇ࡣࠊ⣽⬊ෆ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣయෆࡢỈศ㔞ᕥྑࡉࢀࡿࡢ
࡛ࠊ୧᪉ࡢㄪ⠇ᶵ⬟ࡣࠊ࠶ࢃࡏ࡚Ỉ࣭㟁ゎ㉁௦ㅰ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᾐ㏱ᅽㄪ⠇ࡼࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ື≀ぢࡽࢀࡿయᾮࡢᾐ㏱ᅽㄪ⠇ࡣࡁࡃ
2
ࡘࡢᆺࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᾐ㏱ᅽ㡰ᛂᆺᾐ㏱ᅽㄪ⠇ᆺศࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋከࡃࡢ⬨᳝ື≀ࡣ⏕ᜥሙᡤ㛵ࢃࡾ࡞ࡃᾐ㏱ᅽㄪ⠇ᆺ࡛࠶ࡿ
ࡀࠊᾏ⏕ࡁࡿከࡃࡢ↓⬨᳝ື≀୍㒊ࡢ⬨᳝ື≀ࡣࠊᾐ㏱ᅽ㡰ᛂᆺ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ௨ୗ♧ࡋࡓ⾲ࡣࠊࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ࣟࣈࢫࢱ࣮ࡢ➽⣽⬊࠾ࡼࡧ⾑₢୰ࡢ࠾ࡶ࡞࢜ࣥ⃰
ᗘ㸦mM㸧ᾐ㏱ᅽ⃰ᗘ㸦mOsm/L㸧ࢆࠊᾏỈࡢࡑࢀẚ㍑ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ⾲
ࡽࠊᾏ⏕ࡁࡿ↓⬨᳝ື≀ࡢᾐ㏱ᅽㄪ⠇ࡢ≉ᚩࢆㄞࡳྲྀࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
↓ᶵ࢜ࣥ⃰ᗘ㸦mM㸧 ➽⣽⬊ ⾑ ₢ ᾏ Ỉ
Na 25 517 457
K 188 9 10
Ca 4 16 10
Mg 20 10 52
Cl 53 527 535
SO
41 19 28
↓ᶵ࢜ࣥ⃰ᗘ㸦
mM
㸧436 1104 1092
↓ᶵ࢜ࣥࡢᾐ㏱ᅽ⃰ᗘ
㸦
mOsm/L
㸧386 977 966
㠀ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢳࢵ⣲㸦
mM
㸧602 4
ᾐ㏱ᅽ⃰ᗘ㸦
mOsm/L
㸧988 981 966
ෆ⏣㸦1981
㸧ࡼࡾᢤ⢋࣭ᨵኚࡑࡢࢆḟ࠶ࡆࡿࠋ
ձ ⾑₢ࡢ⤌ᡂࡣᾏỈࡢࡑࢀ㏆࠸ࡀࠊᾐ㏱ᅽ⃰ᗘࡣᾏỈࡼࡾࢃࡎ㧗࠸ࠋ ղ ➽⣽⬊ࡢᾐ㏱ᅽ⃰ᗘࡣࠊ⾑₢ࡢࡑࢀ➼ᅽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ճ ⣽⬊ෆࡢᾐ㏱ᅽ⃰ᗘࡣࠊ㠀ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢳࢵ⣲ࡼࡗ࡚㧗ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
࠸ࡗࡓࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ
Mg
2+ SO4
2-ࡢ⾑₢୰⃰ᗘࡀᾏỈࡼࡾప࠸ࡢࡣࠊࡑࡢ ࡓࡵࡢㄪ⠇ᶵᵓࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡓࡵࡔ࠸࠺ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊᾏ⏕ࡁࡿ↓⬨᳝ື≀࡛ࡣయᾮࡢᾐ㏱ᅽ⃰ᗘࡀᾏỈ㏆࠸ࡀࠊయ⣽⬊
ෆࡢ↓ᶵ࢜ࣥࡢᾐ㏱ᅽ⃰ᗘࡣࠊ⬨᳝ື≀ࡢయ⣽⬊ࡢ⣙
300 mOsm/L
㏆࠸ࠋࡲࡓࣄࢺࡢ㉥⾑⌫࡛ࡣ⣽⬊ෆࡢ
Na
+⃰ᗘࡀ19 mM
ࠊK
+⃰ᗘࡀ136 mM
ࠊ⣽⬊እࡢNa
+⃰ ᗘࡀ155 mMࠊ K
+⃰ᗘࡀ5 mM
࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡼࡗ࡚⏕ࡎࡿ࢘
⣽⬊ෆእࡢ㟼 Ṇ⭷㟁ᕪࡣࠊࣟࣈࢫࢱ࣮ࡢ⣽⬊ෆእࡢ㟼Ṇ⭷㟁ᕪࡁ࡞㐪࠸ࡀ࡞࠸ᾐ㏱ᅽㄪ⠇ᆺࡢື≀࡛࠶ࡿ⬨᳝ື≀ࡣࠊ
࢚
యᾮࡢᜏᖖᛶࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢෆศἪ⣔ࢆ୰ᚰࡍࡿᶵᵓࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᾐ㏱ᅽࡸሷ⃰ᗘࢆ⥔ᣢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⬨᳝ື≀ࡢ㐍ࢆ⪃
ᐹࡍࡿࠊᾏ⏕ࡁࡿ↓⬨᳝ື≀࡛ࡣࠊࡶࡶ⣽⬊⮬㌟ࡀࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡓᾐ㏱ᅽࠊ
pH
ࠊ ሷ⃰ᗘࡼࡗ࡚⣽⬊ෆࡢᜏᖖᛶࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿᶵ⬟ࡀࠊ⬨᳝ື≀࡞ࡿࠊಶయయࡋ࡚ᾐ㏱ᅽࡸሷ⃰ᗘࢆㄪ⠇ࡍࡿࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࠊయᾮࡢᜏᖖᛶࢆ⥔ᣢࡍ
ࡿᶵ⬟ࢆⓎ㐩ࡉࡏࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸᥎ᐹࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ၥ㸯 ୗ⥺㒊ࡢỈࡣ⏕ࡢẕ࠸࠺⾲⌧ࡣࠊỈࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ⏕ࡢㄌ⏕ࡣ࡞ࡗࡓ
࠸࠺ព࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ࡛ࡣࠊỈࡢࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᛶ㉁ࡀࠊ⏕ࡢㄌ⏕ᚲ㡲࡛࠶ࡗࡓ ࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࠕỈ⣲⤖ྜࠖ࠸࠺⏝ㄒࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࡑࢀࢆ㏙࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ
ၥ
2
ୗ⥺㒊࠶ࡿඖ⣲ࡢ࠺ࡕCaࠊ Pࠊ Kࠊ Na
ࡀ⣽⬊ࡢࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᶵ⬟㛵ࢃࡿࡢࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀࡘ࠸࡚⡆₩㏙࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ
ၥ
3
ձ ⾑₢ࡢ⤌ᡂࡣᾏỈࡢࡑࢀ㏆࠸ࡀࠊᾐ㏱ᅽ⃰ᗘࡣᾏỈࡼࡾࢃࡎ㧗࠸ࠊ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡼࡗ࡚ࣟࣈࢫࢱ࣮࡛ࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇࡀ㉳ࡁࡿࢆ㏙࡞ࡉ
࠸ࠋ
ၥ
4
ୗ⥺㒊࢘ࠊࣟࣈࢫࢱ࣮ࡢ⣽⬊ෆእࡢ㟼Ṇ⭷㟁ᕪࡀࣄࢺࡢ㉥⾑⌫ࡢࡑࢀᕪ࡞࠸᭩ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࢆࠊ ᐃ್ࡀ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ⣽⬊
ෆእࡢ࢜ࣥ⃰ᗘࡽ⪃ᐹࡋ࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ
ၥ
5
ୗ⥺㒊࢚ࡣࠊయᾮࡢᜏᖖᛶࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢෆศἪ⣔࠶ࡿࠋ့ஙື≀ࡀᾐ㏱ᅽㄪ⠇⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿせ࡞࣍ࣝࣔࣥྡࢆ࠶ࡆࡼࠋࡲࡓࡑࡢ୰ࡽ
1
ࡘࢆ㑅ࡧࠊ ࡑࡢᾐ㏱ᅽㄪ⠇࠾ࡅࡿാࡁࢆ⡆₩㏙࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ㸦➨㸳ၥ⤊ࢃࡾ㸧
᳜≀⏕⌮࣭⏕ែᏛ࣭⾜ືᏛ
➨
➨ 㸴 ၥ ᾏ ὒ ⏕ ែ ⣔ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ௨ ୗ ࡢ ᩥ ࢆ ㄞ ࡳ ࠊ ၥ 㹼 ⟅ ࠼ ࡞ ࡉ ࠸ ࠋ
ᖏᇦࡸளᐮᖏᇦࡢᾏὒ࡛ࡣࠊ⾲ᒙࡢỈ ࠊᰤ㣴ሷ㢮ࡢ⃰ᗘࠊගྜᡂࢆ⾜࠺ࣉࣛࣥࢡࢺࣥ㸦᳜≀ࣉࣛࣥࢡࢺࣥ㸧ࡢ⌧Ꮡ㔞ࡀᏘ⠇ⓗኚࡍࡿࠋ㝣ࡽࡢᙳ 㡪ࡀẚ㍑ⓗᑡ࡞࠸ᾏᇦࡢ⾲ᒙ࠾ࡅࡿࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ㡯┠ࡢ୍⯡ⓗ࡞Ꮨ⠇ኚࢆᅗ 㸯♧ࡍࠋ᳜≀ࣉࣛࣥࢡࢺࣥ⌧Ꮡ㔞ࡣቑຍࡍࡿ⌧㇟ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࠊࡇࢀࡣࠕ
ࡢࣈ࣮࣒ࣝࠖࡼࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࠕࡢࣈ࣮࣒ࣝࠖࡢᚋࡣࠊ᳜≀ࣉࣛࣥࢡࢺ
ࣥࡢ⌧Ꮡ㔞ࡣపୗࡋࠊኟࡣప࠸್ࢆ♧ࡍࡇࡀከ࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊ⛅୍ⓗቑຍ ࡍࡿࡀࠊ⛅ࡽࡅ࡚ࡣప࠸್ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ
ࠕࡢࣈ࣮࣒ࣝࠖࡢᮇ㸦
I
㸧ኟࡢ⌧Ꮡ㔞ࡢᑡ࡞࠸ᮇ㸦II
㸧࡛᳜≀ࣉࣛࣥࢡࢺࣥ⩌㞟ࢆ᥇ྲྀࡋࠊᰤ㣴ሷ㢮ࡢ୍✀࡛࠶ࡿ◪㓟ሷࡢ⃰ᗘࠊ᳜≀ࣉࣛࣥࢡࢺ
ࣥࡼࡿ◪㓟ሷ྾㏿ᗘࡢ㛵ಀࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࠊᅗ㸰♧ࡍࡼ࠺୧⪅࡛㐪࠸
ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᰤ㣴ሷ྾ᶵ⬟ࡢ㐪࠸ࡣࠊ᳜≀ࣉࣛࣥࢡࢺࣥࡢඃ༨
✀ࡀᏘ⠇ⓗኚࡍࡿせᅉࡢ୍ࡘࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᅗ
1
ᖏᇦࠊளᐮᖏᇦࡢᾏὒࡢ⾲ᒙ࠾ࡅࡿࠊỈ ࠊᰤ㣴ሷ㢮⃰ᗘࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ᳜≀ࣉࣛࣥࢡࢺࣥ⌧Ꮡ㔞ࡢᏘ⠇ኚ
ᅗ
2
ᅗ㸯ࡢ㸦I㸧ᮇ㸦II㸧ᮇ⏕ᜥࡍࡿ᳜≀ࣉࣛࣥࢡࢺࣥࡢ◪㓟ሷ྾㏿ᗘ◪㓟ሷ⃰ᗘࡢ㛵ಀ
ၥ㸯 ࠕࡢࣈ࣮࣒ࣝࠖࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀᾘ⁛ࡍࡿ⌮⏤ࢆㄝ᫂ࡋ࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ
ၥ㸰 ⾲ᒙࡢᰤ㣴ሷ⃰ᗘࡀ⛅࠾࠸࡚ቑຍࡍࡿ⌮⏤ࢆㄝ᫂ࡋ࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ
ၥ㸱 㸦
I
㸧ᮇ࠾ࡼࡧ㸦II
㸧ᮇࡢ᳜≀ࣉࣛࣥࢡࢺࣥ⩌㞟ࡢᰤ㣴ሷ྾ᶵ⬟ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀᅗ㸰ࡢ
A
࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣB
ࡢࡕࡽ┦ᙜࡍࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ⟅࠼࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺ุ᩿ࡋࡓ⌮⏤ࢆㄝ᫂ࡋ࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ
ၥ㸲 ᖏᇦࡸளᐮᖏᇦ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ㝣ࡽࡢᙳ㡪ࡀࡁ࠸ᾏᇦ࡛ࡣࠊ᳜≀ࣉ
ࣛࣥࢡࢺࣥ⌧Ꮡ㔞ࡣࠊᅗ㸯ࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ꮨ⠇ኚࢆ♧ࡉ࡞࠸ࡇࡀከ࠸ࠋࡇࡢ
ࡼ࠺࡞ᾏᇦ࠾ࡅࡿ⌧Ꮡ㔞ࡢኚ࠾࠸࡚ࠊᅗ㸯♧ࡍኚ᭱ࡶ␗࡞ࡿ
⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿᏘ⠇ࢆ⟅࠼࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊᅗ㸯ࡢ┦㐪Ⅼࢆࠊࡑࡢ⌮⏤
ࡶㄝ᫂ࡋ࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ
㸦➨㸴ၥ⤊ࢃࡾ㸧
ື≀ศ㢮Ꮫ࣭⣔⤫Ꮫ
➨
➨㸵ၥ ື≀ࡢ⣔⤫㛵ࡍࡿ௨ୗࡢᩥࢆㄞࢇ࡛ࠊၥ㸯㹼㸱⟅࠼࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ
ື≀⏺ࡢึᮇࡢ⣔⤫㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡶ✀ࠎࡢ㆟ㄽࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᅗ㸯ࡣࠊ
ࡋ࡚ᙧែᏛᇶ࡙࠸࡚ᥦၐࡉࢀࡓࠊึᮇࡢື≀⏺ࡢ⣔⤫ᶞ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ⣔⤫ᶞ
࡛ࡣࠊᾏ⥥ື≀㸦࣓࢝ࣥ㸧ࡀࡑࡢࡢື≀ࡢጜጒ⩌࡛࠶ࡾࠊ่⬊ື≀㸦ࢡࣛ
ࢤࠊࢯࢠࣥࢳࣕࢡ࡞㸧ࡀ᭷᷸ື≀㸦ࢡࢩࢡࣛࢤ㸧ࡑࡢࡢᕥྑ┦⛠ື≀
ᑐࡍࡿጜጒ⩌ࡋ࡚⾲ࢃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋ㏆ᖺࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞௬ㄝࡶᥦฟࡉ
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㸦௬ㄝ㸧᭷᷸ື≀ࡣࠊᕥྑ┦⛠ື≀ࡢጜጒ⩌࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ᭷᷸ື≀่⬊ື≀ࡀ ᕥྑ┦⛠ື≀ࡢጜጒ⩌࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊᖹᯈື≀㸦ᯈᙧື≀㸧࠸࠺ࡁࢃࡵ࡚
༢⣧࡞యไࡢື≀ࡀⓎぢࡉࢀࠊࡇࡢື≀ࡣ᭷᷸ື≀ࠊ่⬊ື≀ᕥྑ┦⛠ື≀
ᑐࡋ࡚ጜጒ⩌࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ၥ㸯 ᅗ㸯࡞ࡽࡗ࡚ࠊୖࡢ௬ㄝ㐺ྜࡍࡿ⣔⤫ᶞࢆᥥࡁ࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ
ၥ㸰 ⣔⤫ᶞ࡛ࡣࠊ༢⣔⤫⩌ࠊഃ⣔⤫⩌ࠊከ⣔⤫⩌ࢆ༊ูࡍࡿࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᐃ
⩏ࢆ㏙ࠊᅗ㸯ࡢ⣔⤫⩌ࡢ୰࡛༢⣔⤫⩌ࠊഃ⣔⤫⩌ࡳ࡞ࡍࡇࡢ࡛ࡁࡿ
ື≀⩌ࡢࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀ୍ࡘ࠶ࡆ࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ
ၥ㸱 ⣔⤫ᶞࡢసᡂᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣࠊࠕእ⩌ࠖࡢタᐃࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ㔜せᛶࡢ
⌮⏤ࠊእ⩌ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡿ⩌ࡀ‶ࡓࡍࡁ᮲௳ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧᅗ㸯ࡢศ㢮⩌ࡢእ⩌
ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡿࡢ㐺ࡋࡓ⏕≀ࡀ࡞ࢇ࡛࠶ࡿࠊ⟅࠼࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ
㸦➨㸵ၥ⤊㸧
