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˰ႜ ´´ ˀّɁʝʂʗʃ୫ԇȾᩜȬɞްᦀґᴥ˩ᴦ
ᴪᇋ͢ᄑΙϏᜊȻᇋ͢ጽຑᄑᛵىɁᄾᩜґȻ೫ᜳᴪ
ާǽᤎǽǽ̄
Quantitative Analysis of the World ´´ Countries of the Business Culture
Correlation Analysis between Business Culture and SocioEconomic Factors
-Akihisa ADACHI
ᛵǽ ǽటᆅሱɂǾ˰ႜ ´´ ˀّᴥᮓຨǾիຽɁᴯ٥ڒɥֆɓǿ͏˩պȫᴦɥߦ៎ȾǾյّɁʝʂʗʃ๊ӦȾᩜȬɞ୫ԇᄑȽ ࿑ौɥǾGeert H. Hofstede ɜȟ૬כȪȲច᭒ټȾژȸȗȹ ¹ ȷɁȈᇋ͢ᄑΙϏᜊȉȻȪȹျȪȲ˨ȺǾյّɁȦɟ ɜʝʂʗʃ୫ԇɁ࿑ौȟȼɁറȽȈᇋ͢ጽຑᄑᛵىȉᴥᒲུస͔Ǿ̷ሗޭଡ଼ǾผǾጽຑᇋ͢Ɂ ´ Ԗґ µ¶ ᛵىɥᜫްᴦ ȻᩜᣵȪȹȗɞȞȾȷȗȹǾްᦀʑ˂ʉȾژȸȢᇼޙᄑґȾɛɝɜȞȾȬɞȦȻɥᄻᄑȻȪȹȗɞǿ˿ᛵȽፀᝲɂǾ ඒɁᴯཟȺȕɞǿ ǽḧǽ¹ ȷɁᇋ͢ᄑΙϏᜊɁșȴǾȈ൏ݏ ./ ࢲኄȉȈρ̷ / ᪿيȉȈާް / ʴʃɹȉȈᩋఙ / ᅽఙȉȈး˰ / ᇣඕȉȈɽʽʐɷ ʃʒᯚ / ͲȉȈӌ / းȉȈௐᤇ / ρҝȉɁ ¸ ȷɁΙϏᜊȾȷȗȹɂǾȈɷʴʃʒଡ଼ᴥʡʷʐʃʉʽʒᴦȉȈɬʽɺ ʷɿɹʇʽȉȈʬʽɾʷɮʓȉȈᢁ̜൏ȉȈᯚᳮ̷ՠလȉȈܤॴឰ׆လȉȽȼ ²¹ ρɁᇋ͢ጽຑᄑᛵىȻɁ ȽᄾᩜȟᆬᝓȨɟȲǿ ǽḨǽͅǾᇋ͢ᄑΙϏᜊɁșȴȈቧ̚ / ԦᝩȉȾȷȗȹɂǾࢼȷȞɁॴɥધȷᇋ͢ጽຑᄑᛵىɥҋȺȠȲɕɁɁǾ пͶȻȪȹԚґȽᄾᩜɥɕȷᛵىᏰɥҋȬɞȾɂᒴɜȽȞȶȲǿ ǽʝʂʗʃ୫ԇɁّ᪨ᢎȾᩜȬɞᆅሱɂǾρ̷Ɂጽ᮷ɗഈө˨ɁͶ᮷ȾژȸȢɕɁȟ۹ȗǿటᆅሱɁ࿑ौɂǾ˨ᜤɁ റȽȈްᦀᄑፋᄑȉȽґፀȾژȸȗȹǾ࿑ްɁȈᇋ͢ᄑΙϏᜊȉᴥǽ൏ݏॖտȞࢲኄॖտȞᴦȟǾȼɁറȽȈᇋ ͢ጽຑᄑᛵىȉᴥǽɬʽɺʷɿɹʇʽᴦȻऐȢፀɆȷȗȹȗɞȞȾȷȗȹǾȦɟɜஒސɁጽ᮷ኄȾژȸȢᅺɁܵछ ॴɥᇼޙᄑȾ೫ᜳȪȲཟȾȕɞǿȨɜȾǾᝩ౼ߦ៎ȻȪȲ ´´ ˀّȾȷȗȹǾछᝉّɁȈᇋ͢ᄑΙϏᜊȉȻȈᇋ͢ጽຑ ᄑᛵىȉɁᩜΡɥዊȾґȬɞȲɔɁȈщͶᄑґʎ˂ʵȉɥഫኳȪȲཟɕǾటᆅሱɁ࿑ौȻȽȶȹȗɞǿ ɷ˂ʹ˂ʓᴷʝʂʗʃ୫ԇǾّ᪨ᢎǾްᦀґǾΙϏᜊǾᇋ͢ጽຑᄑᛵى AbstractBased on the nine types of business cultures developed by G. Hofstede et al., this paper is intended to reveal what kinds of business cultures of the 44 countries have close relationships with any kinds of “socio-economic factors” (56 factors with four categories, i.e. “Natural conditions”, “Race and Religion”, “Politics”, and “Economics and Social” ). In order to conduct the study, we have undertaken the multiple correlation analysis based on the quantitative data. The conclusions include the following two points.
ḧ The eight dimensions of the business cultures, that is, “ Power distance “, “Individualism vs. Collectivism”, “ Uncertainty avoidance “, “Long-term vs. Short-term”, “Indulgence vs. Restraint”, “High context vs. Low FRQWH[Wµ´$FKLHYHPHQWYV$VFULSWLRQµDQG´8QLYHUVDOLVPYV3DUWLFXODULVPµKDYHVLJQLÀFDQWFRUUHODWLRQV with the 29 socio-economic factors, such as “ Christian (Protestant) “,” Anglo-Saxon “, ” Mongoloid “,” Military Regime “,” Elderly Population Ratio”, “ Ratio of Female Member of Parliament “, and so on. Ḩ 1RVLJQLÀFDQWFRUUHODWLRQVKDYHEHHQIRXQGZLWKWKHVRFLRHFRQRPLFIDFWRUVVRORQJDVŽMasculinity vs.
² ᴥᄻඒᴦ ɂȫɔȾ ᴮᴫటᆅሱɁകᛵźᑔˁᠲǾаᚐᆅሱǾᄻᄑˁ࿑ौ ᴯᴫґͽഈźߦ៎ّǾᇋ͢ᄑΙϏᜊǾᇋ͢ጽຑᄑᛵىǾ ґਖ਼ศ ᴰᴫґፀȻܵछॴɁ೫ᜳ ᴱᴫɑȻɔ ǽǽᴧᴮᴫᴯᴫɂҰհૡᢐຑɒ
ᴥɂȫɔȾᴦ
ǽటᝲ୫ɂǾࢲ ²¶ ࢳ࣊ˁࢲ ²· ࢳ࣊ȾɥՙȤȲ ࢠᕹ۾ޙцպᆅሱӒ̜ഈȈஓዢూԧɬʂɬចّɁʝʂ ʗʃ୫ԇȾᩜȬɞᢎᆅሱȉȾȝȗȹǾާᤎȟઆछȪȲ ʝʂʗʃ୫ԇɁްᦀᄑّ᪨ᢎɁᆅሱɥǾҰհȝɛ ɆటհɁ ² وȾґȤȹૡᢐу᚜ȬɞɕɁȺȕɞǿ ǽటሟɁږኂɂȬɌȹާᤎȟᚐȶȹȝɝǾ୫ɂާᤎȟ ២șɕɁȺȕɞȟǾᆅሱᤈሌȾȝȗȹɂǾцպᆅሱᐐȺ ȕɞࢠᕹ۾ޙጽ؆ޙɁࠞట˧ଡ଼ૌǾែԛߧѴଡ଼ૌ Ȟɜ۾۰៱Ƚɬʓʚɮʃɗᇉדȟ֔ȨɟటᆅሱɁᛵ ȽᛵጨȻȽȶȹȗɞȦȻɥᜤȬɞȻȻɕȾǾట͔ᆅሱ ɥᦂᬂኄȞɜୈȪȹᬯȗȲյᬂɁȁȾߦȪȹ ɕǾ॑Ȟɜពɥ᚜ȬɞඒቼȺȕɞǿᴥట୫ᴦǽᴪǽҰհȞɜɁፖȠ
ᴰᴫґፀȻܵछॴɁ೫ᜳ
ǽҰհȾᜤᢐȪȲറȽਖ਼ᬲȾژȸȗȹᚐȶȲґɁፀ ɥျȬɟɃǾඒɁᣮɝȺȕɞǿ ᴥᴮᴦژᇀʑ˂ʉɁՖᪿျǾȝɛɆّҝɁ࿑ॴɁျ ǽґߦ៎ ´´ ˀّȾᩜȬɞȈᇋ͢ᄑΙϏᜊȉȈᇋ͢ጽຑ ᄑᛵىȉɁ࿑ॴɥျȪȲፀɂǾҝ᚜ ³ᴥҰհૡᢐຑɒᴦ Femininityž is concerned. 7KHVLJQLÀFDQWIHDWXUHVRIWKLVVWXG\ZRXOGEHWKHIROORZLQJWZRSRLQWVḧ Based on the scientific and quantitative approaches, we have found that the strong relations exist between certain socio-economic factors and eight dimensions of business cultures. So far, these relations are explained in empirical and qualitative ways.
Ḩ In addition, we have constructed the excel program to analyze a particular country among the 44 countries. This program has been developed to reveal which socio-economic factors have strong relationships with certain types of business cultures in the country
Keywords: business culture, international comparative analysis, multiple correlation analysis , socio-economic factors ɁᣮɝȺȕɞǿ ᴥᴯᴦᇋ͢ᄑΙϏᜊȻᇋ͢ጽຑᄑᛵىɁᄾᩜ ǽᴶȷɁᇋ͢ᄑΙϏᜊɁșȴǾȈ൏ݏ ./ ࢲኄȉȈρ̷ / ᪿ يȉȈާް / ʴʃɹȉȈᩋఙ / ᅽఙȉȈး˰ / ᇣඕȉȈɽʽ ʐɷʃʒᯚ / ͲȉȈӌ / းȉȈௐᤇ / ρҝȉɁ ¸ ȷɁ ΙϏᜊȾȷȗȹɂǾȈɷʴʃʒଡ଼ᴥʡʷʐʃʉʽʒᴦȉȈɬ ʽɺʷɿɹʇʽȉȈʬʽɾʷɮʓȉȽȼ ²¸ ρɁᇋ͢ጽ ຑᄑᛵىȻɁȽᄾᩜᴥᒲႏ࣊ᝩऻ R² ᴷ°.µ ͏˨ᴦ ȟᆬᝓȨɟȲǿͅǾᇋ͢ᄑΙϏᜊɁșȴȈቧ̚ / Ԧᝩȉ ȾȷȗȹɂǾȈɬʽɺʷɿɹʇʽጕȉȽȼ ³ ȷɁᬱᄻȾ ȷȗȹɂǾˢްɁॴɥɕȷȦȻȟᆬᝓȺȠȲɕɁɁǾ пͶȻȪȹɂԚґȽᝢӌɥધȷᇋ͢ጽຑᄑᛵىᏰɂ࿑ ްȺȠȽȞȶȲᴥᒲႏ࣊ᝩऻขްΡୣ R² ᴷ°.²¸ᴦǿ ǽȦɟɜ ³ ȷɁᬱᄻɥֆɔǾҋȨɟȲᇋ͢ጽຑᄑᛵى ɂǾඒɁ ²¹ ρȺȕɝǾյᇋ͢ᄑΙϏᜊȻɁߦख़ᩜΡ ɥျȪȹᇉȪȲɕɁȟ᚜ ² ȺȕɞǿᬱᄻɁᜫްศȾ ɛɝࡿծȨɟɞཟɕȕɞȟǾᒲུస͔Ǿ̷ሗޭଡ଼Ǿผ ȻȗȶȲȈጽຑᄑᛵىȉȟ ²° ᬱᄻҋȨɟȹȝɝǾ ҋᬱᄻпͶȾߦȪȹɂǾρୣȺɂ ·³ᴢᴥ¹ ᬱᄻɁᇋ͢ ᄑΙϏᜊпͶȺɁጮҋᛵىୣпͶȾߦȬɞҾնᴦǾ ൈໄϡو࢜Ρୣ±¹ᴦ ɁፏߦϏɁʣ˂ʃȺɂ ¸¸ᴢɁɰɱɮ ʒɥԬɔȹȗɞǿ ᴥҋȨɟȲᇋ͢ጽຑᄑᛵىᴦ ǽˁᒲུస͔ ᴮ ᬱᄻᴥጮǽ± ᬱᄻᴦᴷǽఊͲຣ ǽˁ̷ሗޭଡ଼ ±³ ᬱ ᄻᴥ ጮ ³° ᬱ ᄻ ᴦᴷǽ ̷ ሗᴥ п · ԖґᴦǾɷʴʃʒଡ଼ᴥ}ᴦͅ ǽˁผ ᴳᬱᄻᴥጮ ±² ᬱᄻᴦᴷǽᇋ͢˿ᏲǾᢁ ̜൏Ǿக٥ᴥп ³ Ԗґᴦͅ ǽˁጽຑᇋ͢ ᴶ ᬱ ᄻᴥ ጮ ±¶ ᬱ ᄻ ᴦᴷ OECD ӏ ᄴǾ GDPǾ۾ޙޙလǽͅ ǽǽǽ ²¹ ᬱᄻᴥጮ µ¸ ᬱᄻᴦ ᴥาᴦጮϏɂǾᛓɥֆɓҋୣȺȕɞǿ
³ ᴥᴰᴦᇋ͢ጽຑᄑᛵىɁ࿑ौȻܵछॴɁ೫ᜳ²°ᴦ ǽҋȨɟȲᇋ͢ጽຑᄑᛵى ²¹ ρȾȷȗȹǾյᛵىȟ ȼɁറȾᇋ͢ᄑΙϏᜊȾᄾᩜȪȹȗɞȞɥျȬɟɃǾ ˩ᜤɁᣮɝȺȕɞǿ࿑ȾǾ̷ሗᴥп ¶ ᬱᄻᴦǾޭଡ଼ᴥɷ ʴʃʒଡ଼ᴥʡʷʐʃʉʽʒᴦᴦǾผᴥᇋ͢˿ᏲّɎȞǾ ´ ᬱᄻᴦǾጽຑᴥOECD ӏᄴّᴦɁ ±² ᬱᄻȾȷȗ ȹɂǾൈໄϡو࢜ΡୣɁնፏߦϏȟ ².° ɥᠯțȹȝɝǾ ऐȗᝢӌɥધȷȦȻȟɜȞȻȽȶȲǿ ḧǽᒲུస͔ǽᴷǽҋȨɟȲᛵىɂǾȈఊͲຣȉ± ᬱᄻɁɒȺȕɝǾᩜᣵȬɞᇋ͢ᄑΙϏᜊɕȈᩋఙ / ᅽఙȉɁ ± ᬱᄻɁɒȻȽȶȹȗɞǿ Ḩǽ̷ሗǽᴷǽటᬱᄻᏰȾȝȗȹɂǾɬʽɺʷɿɹʇʽ ጕȽȼ ¶ ȷɁᬱᄻɥᜫްȪȲȟǾ¶ ᬱᄻпȹȟ ॴɁȕɞᬱᄻȻȪȹҋȨɟȲǿȨɜȾǾȦɟɜᴳ ᬱᄻɁյൈໄϡو࢜ΡୣɁፏߦϏɂǾпȹ ².° ɥᠯ țȹȝɝᇋ͢ᄑΙϏᜊȻᯚȗᩜᣵॴɥધȷȦȻȟ࿑ ौȻȽȶȹȝɝǾ࿑ȾǾȈɬʽɺʷɿɹʇʽȉǾȈʬ ʽɾʷɮʓȉɁ ² ᬱᄻɂ۹ȢɁᇋ͢ᄑΙϏᜊȻᯚȗ ᩜᣵॴɥɕȷȦȻȟҜȪȲǿțɃȈɬʽɺʷɿ ɹʇʽȉጕɁّᴥᔐّǾዢّȽȼᴦȾȝȗȹɂǾᪿ يɛɝɕȈρ̷ȉɥȪǾȈʴʃɹȉɥሥᄑȾ ២આȪȈቧ̚ȉɥᚐȗǾȈӌȉȾژȸȗȲȈး˰ȉ ȺɁɥɔɞϿտȟऐȗǿᣡȾǾȈʬʽɾʷɮʓȉ ጕɁّᴥஓటǾ˹ّȽȼᴦɂǾȈ൏ݏȉȾिᬲȺȈާ ްȉȈᩋఙȉɁտȟऐȢǾρ̷ɛɝɕȈᪿيȉɥ ȬɞϿտȟȕɞȦȻȟɜȞȻȽȶȲǿɑȲǾ ȈʳʐʽȉጕɁّᴥʟʳʽʃǾʃʤɮʽǾȰɁக ٥ȽȼᴦȾȝȗȹɂǾȈௐᤇȉᄑȽʵ˂ʵɥɦ ȫɞȟǾȈᅽఙȉॖտȟऐȢǾȈͲɽʽʐɷʃʒȉȺ ষ᚜းȟៈȞȺȕɞཟȟ࿑ौȻȽȶȹȗɞǿȈͲ ɽʽʐɷʃʒȉȺȕɞཟɂǾȈɼʵʨʽȉጕɁّᴥʓ ɮʎȽȼᴦɕպറɁϿտɥધȶȹȗɞǿȦɟɜɁច ཟɂǾக఼Ȟɜጽ᮷ᄑȾଊȨɟȹ఼ȲȦȻȻն ᄑȺȕɞ²±ᴦ ǿ ḩǽޭଡ଼ǽᴷǽటᬱᄻᏰɂǾյّුɁޭଡ଼ȾᩜȬɞ̷ՠ ഫɥ᚜ȬൈȺȕɝǾɷʴʃʒଡ଼ᴥ³ ԖґᴦǾ ɮʃʳʪଡ଼Ƚȼ · ᬱᄻɥᜫްȪȲǿፀȻȪȹɂǾ ʰʊʮଡ଼ɥֆɓпȹɁᬱᄻȟͷɜȞɁᇋ͢ᄑΙϏᜊ ȻॴɥધȷᬱᄻȻȪȹҋȨɟȲȟǾյൈໄϡ و࢜Ρୣɂȗȭɟɕ ±.° ɥ˩وȶȹȝɝǾᇋ͢ᄑΙ ϏᜊȻɁᩜΡॴɂᢎᄑͲȗȦȻȟᇉȨɟȹȗɞǿ щͶᄑȾɂǾɷʴʃʒଡ଼ȾȷȗȹɂǾȈρ̷ȉॖտ ! "#$ %& '() *+ ,-. /01 234 54 678 9: !"#$ ;<= 7> ?@A #B CDEFG ! "#$% &'()* '()* +,-. &/()0 /()0 1,-2345. &6(00 6(00 789 ,:;. &/()6 &<(=' =(>) *(*/
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´ ɁཟȺޭ์ɥᠯțȲцᣮཟȟȕɞɕɁɁǾȈɷʴʃ ʒଡ଼ᴥɵʇʴʍɹᴦȉȈɷʴʃʒଡ଼ᴥɵʇʴʍɹᴨూ ଡ଼͢ᴦȉɂǾȈ൏ݏȉȈᇣඕȉȈးȉɁ ³ ȷɁᇋ͢ ᄑΙϏᜊȻᩜΡȟȕɞˢȺǾȈɷʴʃʒଡ଼ᴥʡʷ ʐʃʉʽʒᴦȉɂǾȈԦᝩȉȈʴʃɹȉȈᅽఙȉȻɁᩜ ΡȟȕɝǾ˵ᐐȟ۾ȠȢႱȽɞ࿑ॴɥȪȹȗɞȦ ȻȟᇉȨɟȹȗɞǿɑȲǾȈɮʃʳʪଡ଼ȉɂǾȈ൏ݏȉ ȈးȉȻᩜΡȟȕɝǾȈʜʽʄ˂ଡ଼ȉɂȈ൏ݏȉȈʴ ʃɹȉȈρҝȉȻǾɑȲȈ͂ଡ଼ኄȉɂȈᯚɽʽʐɷ ʃʒȉȻˢްɁᩜΡȟȕɞȦȻȟɜȞȾȽȶȲǿ ȦɟɜɁចཟɂǾਾȁɁˢᓐᄑȽԱ៎ɗ൞ྲ۾˧ ᴥ²°°¶ᴦȽȼɁᜤᢐȻɕɎɏˢᒵȪȹȗɞɛșȾ९ ɢɟɞ²²ᴦ ǿ ḪǽผǽᴷǽటᬱᄻᏰȺɂǾးཟȾȝȗȹȈᒲႏ˿ ᏲّȉȈਜր˿ّȉȾᝉछȬɞȞǾးཟɑȲɂ ᤈՍᴥ±¸°° ࢳ͏᪃ᴦɁˢްఙᩖȈᇋ͢˿ᏲّȉȈᢁ ̜൏ȉȈக٥ᴥ³ ԖґᴦȉȾᝉछȬɞȞքȞȾ ȷȗȹǾյᬱᄻුȾᛓୣᤣժɁҰ૬Ⱥп ´´ ˀّ Ɂґ᭒ɥᚐȗǾɑȲǾȈڨᤍҤᴥᯚ / ͲᴦȉȈᑸ ຏࣖ࣊ᴥᯚ / ͲᴦȉɁ ² ᬱᄻɥ͇ӏȪǾ ±± ᬱᄻɥ ᜫްȪȲǿґɁፀǾȈᇋ͢˿ᏲّȉȈᢁ̜൏ّȉ Ȉக٥ᴥ³ ԖґᴦȉȈڨᤍҤȉɁ ¶ ᬱᄻȟ ҋȨɟȲǿщͶᄑȾɂǾȈᇋ͢˿ᏲȉȈᢁ̜൏ّȉ ɥጽ᮷ȪȹȗɞّȺɂǾцȾȈᇣඕȉȈᯚɽʽʐɷ ʃʒȉɁཟȺцᣮȪȲऐȗϿտȟȕɝǾȨɜȾɂȈᇋ ͢˿ᏲّȉȺɂȈ൏ݏȉɁϿտȟǾȈᢁ̜൏ّȉ ɂȈᪿيȉȈާްȉȈρҝȉɁ࿑ौȟऐȗȦȻǾɑȲǾ ʧʵʒɶʵˁʃʤɮʽˁʟʳʽʃɁʳʐʽጕȈக ٥ȉȾȝȗȹɂǾȈᪿيȉȈး˰ȉȻȗșᇋ͢ᄑΙ ϏᜊȟऐȗϿտȾȕɞȦȻȟɜȞȾȽȶȲǿȦɟ ɜɁចཟȾȷȗȹɕǾਾȁɁˢᓐᄑȽԱ៎ȻɎɏˢ ᒵȪȹȗɞȻțɛș²³ᴦǿɑȲǾᔐዢᘈɁʡʷʐ ʃʉʽʒጕɁɷʴʃʒଡ଼ّȟୈᥓȪȲȈ٥ᴥᔐ ዢᘈᴦȉȾȝȗȹɂǾȈᇣඕȉɁϿտȟऐȗཟɕǾҰ ᣖɁḩɁፀȻնᄑȽю߁ȻȽȶȹȗɞǿȽȝǾ ȈڨᤍҤȉȾȷȗȹɂǾҤȟᯚȗّɎȼǾᣡȾ ষᬂɁ᚜းȟៈߋȺȕɝȈͲɽʽʐɷʃʒȉɁϿ տȟˢްሌ࣊ސ٣ȬɞፀȻȽȶȲ²´ᴦǿ ḫǽጽຑǽᴷǽȦȦȺɂǾȈGDPȉɁɎȞǾȈܑጙږᚐ ᆬ࣊ȉȽȼ˰ႜᦿᚐȟኍްȪȲጽຑ๊ӦၥہȾᩜ Ȭɞ፱նൈȽȼɥֆɓ ±´ ᬱᄻɥᜫްȪȲȟǾ ॴɁȕɞᛵىɂǾȈGDPȉȈ± ̷छȲɝ GDPȉ ȈOECD ӏᄴّȉɁ ³ ȷɁᬱᄻɁɒȻȽȶȲǿȦɁ șȴǾȈOECD ӏᄴّȉɂǾȈࢲኄȉȈρ̷ȉȈး˰ȉȈௐ ᤇȉȻऐȢፀɆȷȗȹȝɝǾյൈໄϡو࢜ΡୣɁፏ ߦϏȟ ±.° ɥ˨وȶȹȗɞཟȟ࿑ौȻȽȶȹȗɞǿ ɑȲǾȈGDPȉɂȈቧ̚ȉȻǾȈᴮ̷छȲɝ GDPȉ ɂȈӌȉɁᇋ͢ᄑΙϏᜊȻǾሌ࣊ɂͲȗɕɁɁˢ ްɁᩜᣵȟȕɞȦȻȟҜȪȲǿȦɟɜɂǾਾȁɁ ˢᓐᄑᜁȻɕɔȹնॴȟᯚȗɕɁȻᐎțɞ²µᴦ ǿ Ḭǽᇋ͢ǽᴷǽఊऻȾǾȦɁґȺɂȈ̷ՠȉȾᩜȬɞ ចൈɁɎȞǾࢳᳮǾ᥆ࢍԇǾ៥ߋǾଡ଼ᑎǾሉኄ Ɂᇋ͢ഫᣲɁ۹റԇȾᩜᣵȬɞൈɥ˹॑Ⱦ ²´ ᬱᄻɥᜫްȪȲǿፀȻȪȹɂǾȈ̷ՠ߈࣊ȉȈᯚᳮ ̷ՠလȉȈ᥆ࢍ̷ՠလȉȈ۾ޙޙလȉȈܤॴឰ ׆လȉȈఊ۾ഫȉɁ ¶ ᬱᄻȟҋȨɟȲȟǾ ȗȭɟɕյൈໄϡو࢜Ρୣɂ ±.° ɥ˩وȶȹȗɞཟ ȾႡȟ॒ᛵȺȕɞǿȈᯚᳮ̷ՠလȉɂȈާްȉȈᩋ ఙȉȻɁᄾᩜȟȕɝǾȈ̷ՠ߈࣊ȉɂȈᩋఙȉȈးȉ ȻǾȈ᥆ࢍ̷ՠလȉɂȈᯚɽʽʐɹʃʒȉǾȈܤॴ ឰ׆လȉɂȈʴʃɹȉȈး˰ȉȻǾȈఊ۾ഫ ȉɂȈးȉȈρҝȉȻˢްɁᩜΡȟȕɞȦȻȟ ᇉȨɟǾˢᓐᄑȽࢠឧȾɕˢᒵȪȲፀȻȽȶȲ²¶ᴦǿ ȪȞȪǾȈ۾ޙޙလȉȾȷȗȹɂǾȰɁϏȟᯚȗ ȻȈᩋఙȉᄑȽտȟऍɑɝȈᅽఙȉᄑȽտȟ ऐȢȽɞȻɁፀȟीɜɟǾछқ̙ȻɗɗՕȪȲ ю߁ȻȽȶȲǿȦɟɥୟțȹᜓȬɟɃǾᇋ͢ᄑΙ ϏᜊɁșȴȈௐᤇ / ρҝȉȻȈᩋఙ / ᅽఙȉɁᬱᄻ ɂᣡᄾᩜɁϿտȟȕɞȦȻȞɜᴥขްΡୣ R²ᴺ °.³·ᴦǾᯚޙධԇȾɛɝȈௐᤇȉᄑȽՁҬȾɛɞᚐ ӦɥȬɞտȟऐɑɝǾȰɁȦȻȾɛȶȹ࿎̜ ɥԨጠԇˁᝲျԇȪȹˢऺȾҜȪǾȈᅽఙᄑȉȽ ɗፀᝲɥɔɞϿտȟऐɑɞɁȺɂȽȗȞȻ ລȨɟɞǿ ᴥᴱᴦȈґʎ˂ʵȉȾɛɞ˿ᛵᴳˀّɁґȻӛॴɁ ೫ᜳ²·ᴦ ǽటᆅሱɁఊɕᛵȽᄻᄑɂǾґߦ៎ ´´ ˀّȾȷȗ ȹǾյّුɁȈᇋ͢ᄑΙϏᜊȉɁ࿑ौɥछᝉّɁȈᇋ͢ ጽຑᄑᛵىȉɁ࿑ौȻፀɆȷȤɞȦȻȾȕɞǿ̾وᩒᄉ ȪȲȈґʎ˂ʵȉɂǾп ´´ ˀّȾȷȗȹґȟժᑤ ȻȽȶȹȗɞȟǾ͏˩ȺɂǾպґʎ˂ʵɥႊȗȹǾஓ టɁɎȞǾߋۢ٥ڒɁ˹ߴ͙ഈȾȻȶȹᩜΡȟȗȻᐎ țɜɟɞዢّǾ˹ّǾʫɷʁɽǾʉɮǾʣʒʔʪɁ µ ˀ ّȾȷȗȹǾஓటȻᢎȪȷȷȰɁȈᇋ͢ᄑΙϏᜊȉɁ ࿑ॴȻȈᇋ͢ጽຑᄑᛵىȉɁᩖɁᄾᩜȾȷȗȹျȪǾ ஒސаᚐᆅሱɗˢᓐᄑȽਾȁɁᅺȻնᒵȬɞȞքȞȾ ژȸȗȹǾȰɁӛॴɥᆬᝓȬɞȦȻȻȪȲȗǿ ǽȽȝǾᇋ͢ᄑΙϏᜊɁșȴȈɽʽʐɷʃʒᯚ / ͲȉȽȼǾ छᝉّɁʑ˂ʉȟу᚜ȨɟȹȗȽȗᬱᄻȾȷȗȹɂǾ ᴥᴰᴦȾȝȗȹҋȪȲᇋ͢ጽຑᄑᛵىȾژȸȗȹو ࢜ࣻȾɛɞɥᚐȗ೫ɥӏțȹȗɞǿ ḧǽஓటǽᴷǽґߦ៎ ´´ ˀّȻᢎȪȲکնǾஓట
µ ɁȈᇋ͢ᄑΙϏᜊȉɁ࿑ौɂǾȈቧ̚ȉȈᯚɽʽʐɷ ʃʒȉȈးȉȈௐᤇȉɁϿտȟ࿑ȾऐȗȦȻɁɎȞǾ ȈާްȉȈᩋఙȉɁཟȺɕࢲ٫ɥ˨وɞϿտɥȪȹ ȗɞȦȻȾȕɞǿ ǽȦɟɜɁ࿑ॴɂǾஓటȟȈʬʽɾʷɮʓጕȉȈ͂ ଡ଼ኄȉɁّȺȕɞȦȻǾผᄑȾɂผఙ͏᪃ɕᩋ ȢᄑȾȈᢁ̜൏ّȉȺȕȶȲȦȻɁɎȞǾጽ ຑᄑȾɂး٣ȈOECD ӏᄴّȉȺȕɝȈGDPȉɁ ൌȟ۾ȠȢǾȨɜȾᇋ͢ᄑȽϫᬂȻȪȹȈ̷ՠ߈ ࣊ȉȈᯚᳮ̷ՠလȉȈ᥆ࢍ̷ՠလȉȟȗȭɟɕᯚ ȗȦȻɗǾȈఊ۾ഫȉȟɔȹᯚȗպᄑ ȽّȺȕɞȦȻȻᩜᣵȪȹȗɞȦȻȟଊȺȠ ɞǿ ḨǽዢّǽᴷǽዢّɁȈᇋ͢ᄑΙϏᜊȉɁ࿑ौɂǾȈࢲኄȉ ȈʴʃɹȉȈᅽఙȉȈӌȉɁϿտȟऐȗȦȻɁɎȞǾ Ȉρ̷ȉȈቧ̚ȉȈး˰ȉȈௐᤇȉɁཟȺɕˢްɁϿտ ɥȪȹȗɞཟȾȕɞǿȦɟɥஓటȻᢎȬɞȻǾ Ȉρ̷ȉȈʴʃɹȉȈᅽఙȉȈး˰ȉȈͲɽʽʐɷʃʒȉ ȈӌȉɁ ¶ ཟȺஓటȻᣡɁϿտɥȪȹȗɞȟǾȈቧ ̚ȉɁᬂȺɂцᣮȪȲ࿑ॴɥȪȹȗɞȦȻȟґȞ ɞǿ ǽȦɟɜɁϿտɂǾዢّȟȈɬʽɺʷɿɹʇʽጕȉ ɁّȺȕɝȈɷʴʃʒଡ଼ᴥʡʷʐʃʉʽʒᴦȉɁ̷ ՠလȟᯚȢǾጽຑᇋ͢ᄑȾɂȈOECD ӏᄴّȉ Ⱥ ˰ ႜ ఊ ۾ ൌ ɁȈGDPȉ ɥ ȪȈ± ̷ छ Ȳ ɝ GDPȉȈ۾ޙޙလȉȟᯚȗȦȻȻᩜᣵȪȹȗɞȦ ȻȟଊȺȠɞǿȦɁșȴȈOECD ӏᄴّȉȈGDPȉ ɂஓటȻцᣮȪȹȝɝǾȰɁཟȺȈቧ̚ȉɁᇋ͢ᄑ ΙϏᜊȟ˵ّȺцᣮȪȹȗɞᛵىȻȽȶȹȗɞɕɁ ȻລȺȠɞǿ ḩǽ˹ّǽᴷǽ˹ّɁȈᇋ͢ᄑΙϏᜊȉɁ࿑ौɂǾȈᪿيȉ ȈʴʃɹȉȈᇣඕȉȈρҝȉɁϿտȟऐȗȦȻȺȕɝǾ Ȉ൏ݏȉȈቧ̚ȉȈᩋఙȉȈᯚɽʽʐɷʃʒȉɁᴱཟȺ ɕˢްɁॴտɥȪȹȗɞȦȻȾȕɞǿஓటȻᢎ ȬɞȻǾȈʴʃɹȉɁཟȺஓటȻɂᣡɁϿտɥȪ ȹȗɞȟǾȦɁཟɥȤɃǾȈ൏ݏȉȈᪿيȉȈᇣඕȉ ȈᯚɽʽʐɷʃʒȉɁ ´ ཟȺஓటȻцᣮȪȹȗɞȦ ȻȟґɞǿͯȪǾȈ൏ݏȉȈᪿيȉȈᇣඕȉȺɂஓట ɛɝɕȨɜȾऐȗϿտɥȪȹȗɞȦȻǾͅǾȈᯚ ɽʽʐɷʃʒȉɁཟȺɂஓటȻᢎȪ˹ّɁሌ࣊ɂ ȞȽɝͲȗȦȻȟ࿑ौȻȽȶȹȗɞཟȾɕႡȬɞ ॒ᛵȟȕɠșǿ ǽȦɟɜɁϿտɂǾ˹ّȟȈʬʽɾʷɮʓጕȉɁّ ȺȕɝȈ͂ଡ଼ኄȉɁ̷ՠလȟᯚȢǾผᄑȾɂȈᇋ ͢˿ᏲȉɁȈᢁ̜൏ȉɁّȺȕɝȈڨᤍҤȉȟ ΗུȻȪȹᯚȗّȺȕɞȦȻǾጽຑᇋ͢ᄑȽᬂȺɂ ȈGDPȉൌȟ˰ႜቼᴯͱȾɑȺॲછ۾ȪȲɎȞȈఊ ۾ഫȉȟͲȗ۹ّȺȕɞȦȻȾफᬭ ȨɟȹȗɞȦȻȟଊȺȠɞǿஓటȻᢎȪȲکնǾ ȈʬʽɾʷɮʓጕȉȈ͂ଡ଼ኄȉȈGDPȉɁൌȈᢁ̜ ൏ȉɁᬂȺɂцᣮȪȲཟɥȪȹȗɞɕɁɁǾȈᇋ ͢˿ᏲّȉȺȕɝǾȈOECD ӏᄴّȉȻȽȶȹȗȽ ȗȦȻǾпᬂᄑȽዢّኄɁୈᥓɥՙȤȲȦȻȟȽȢ Ȉக٥ᴥᔐዢᘈᴦȉȾᝉछȪȽȗȦȻǾȈ̷ՠ߈࣊ȉ Ȉ᥆ࢍ̷ՠလȉȈᯚᳮԇလȉȟஓటɎȼᯚȢིȢǾ ۹ّȺȕɞȻȗșཟȺஓటȻɂႱȽɞᇋ͢ᄑ ΙϏᜊȟސ٣ȪȹȗɞɕɁȻᐎțɜɟɞǿ ḪǽʫɷʁɽǽᴷǽʫɷʁɽɁȈᇋ͢ᄑΙϏᜊȉɂǾȈᪿ يȉȈᅽఙȉȈး˰ȉɁϿտȟऐȢǾȈ൏ݏȉȈቧ̚ȉȈާ ްȉɁཟȺɕˢްɁϿտɥȪȹȗɞɁȟ࿑ौȺȕ ɞǿஓటȻᢎȬɞȻǾȈᅽఙȉȈး˰ȉȈͲɽʽʐ ɷʃʒȉɁཟȺᣡɁϿտɥȬɞɎȞǾȈ൏ݏȉȈᪿ يȉɁཟȺɂஓటɛɝɕȨɜȾऐȗϿտɥȪȹȗ ɞǿ ǽȦɟɜɁϿտɂǾʫɷʁɽȟȈఊͲຣȉȟᢎ ᄑᯚȗȈʳʐʽጕȉɁّȺȕɝǾȈɷʴʃʒଡ଼ᴥɵ ʇʴʍɹᴦȉɁഫȟᯚȢǾผᄑȾɂȞȷȹᩋ ȢʃʤɮʽȾɛȶȹୈᥓȨɟȲȈக٥ᴥʃʤɮ ʽኄᴦȉȺȕɝǾȰɁऻȈᢁ̜൏ȉȟፖȠǾး٣ ȺɕȈڨᤍҤȉȟᢎᄑऐȗȦȻǾȨɜȾɂǾጽ ຑᇋ͢ᬂȺஒȾȈOECD ӏᄴّȉȻȽȶȹȝɝȈܤ ॴឰ׆လȉɕᢎᄑᯚȗȦȻȾᩜᣵȪȹȗɞȦȻ ȟґȞɞǿஓటȻᢎȪȲکնǾ̷ሗˁޭଡ଼ᬂɁɎ ȞȈܤॴឰ׆လȉɁཟȺ۾ȠȢႱȽɞɕɁɁǾȈᢁ ̜൏ّȉȈOECD ӏᄴّȉȺȕɞཟȺஓటȻцᣮ ȪȹȝɝǾɑȲȈக٥ᴥʃʤɮʽኄᴦȉȺȕɝ ඔዢҚऐȾɛɞୈᥓɥͶ᮷ȪȲཟȺɕцᣮȪȹȗɞ ȦȻȞɜǾȈቧ̚ȉȈާްȉɁᬂȺऐȗ᭒ͬॴȟȕɞ ɎȞǾȈ൏ݏȉȈᪿيȉɁᇋ͢ᄑΙϏᜊȺɕ᭒ͬȪȲ Ͽտȟސ٣ȪȹȗɞȻລȨɟɞǿ ḫǽʉɮǽᴷǽʉɮɁȈᇋ͢ᄑΙϏᜊȉɁ࿑ौɂǾȈᪿيȉ ȈԦᝩȉȈᅽఙȉɁϿտȟऐȢǾɑȲǾȈρҝȉɁཟ ȺɕǽˢްɁϿտɥધȷɕɁȻລȨɟɞཟȾȕ ɞǿஓటȻᢎȬɞȻǾȈԦᝩȉȈᅽఙȉȈͲɽʽʐ ɷʃʒȉɁཟȺᣡɁϿտȟȕɞȟǾˢȺȈާްȉȈᇣ ඕȉȈးȉɁཟȺஓటȻцᣮȪȲॴտɥȪǾȨ ɜȾȈ൏ݏȉȈᪿيȉɁᬂȺɂஓటɛɝɕˢ࠙ऐȗ Ͽտȟސ٣ȬɞȦȻȟᇉȨɟȹȗɞǿ ǽȦɟɜɁϿտɂǾʉɮȟȈఊͲຣȉȟࢠȾᯚ ȢȈʬʽɾʷɮʓጕȉɁّȺȕɝǾȈ͂ଡ଼ኄȉɁഫ ȟɔȹᯚȗȦȻǾผᄑȾɂȈᢁ̜൏ȉɁ ୈᥓȟፖȠȈڨᤍҤȉȟᢎᄑऐȗධխɥȬɞ ȦȻǾጽຑᇋ͢ᬂȺɂȈఊ۾ഫȉȟᯚȗպ ّȺȕɞȦȻȻᩜΡȟȕɞȦȻȟґɞǿஓటȻ
¶ ᢎȪȲکնǾȈఊͲຣȉɗȈOECD ӏᄴȉȈGDPȉ ɁཟȺႱȽɞɕɁɁǾˢȺȈʬʽɾʷɮʓጕȉȈ͂ ଡ଼ኄȉȈᢁ̜൏ȉȈఊ۾ഫȉɁཟȺцᣮཟ ȟ۹ȗȦȻȞɜǾȈᇋ͢ᄑΙϏᜊȉȺцᣮཟȟސ٣ ȬɞᑔȻȽȶȹȗɞȻᐎțɜɟɞǿ ḬǽʣʒʔʪǽᴷʣʒʔʪɁȈᇋ͢ᄑΙϏᜊȉɂǾʉɮ ȻպറȾȈᪿيȉȈʴʃɹȉȈᇣඕȉɁϿտȟऐȗཟ ȟ࿑ौȺȕɝǾȈᯚɽʽʐɷʃʒȉɁᬂȺɕˢްɁ ϿտȟɞȦȻȟްȨɟɞǿஓటȻɁᢎȾȝȗ ȹɕȈԦᝩȉȈʴʃɹȉɁཟȺᣡɁϿտȟȕɞȟǾȈ൏ ݏȉȈᪿيȉȈᇣඕȉȈᯚɽʽʐɷʃʒȉɁᴱᬱᄻȺ цᣮȪȲϿտɥȪǾ࿑ȾȈ൏ݏȉȈᪿيȉȾȷȗ ȹɂǾஓటɥ˨وɞऐȗϿտȟȕɞȦȻȟᇉȨɟȹ ȗɞǿ ǽȦɟɜɁϿտȟႆȫȹȗɞᛵىȾȷȗȹɒɞȻǾ պّɁȈఊͲຣȉȟᢎᄑᯚȢǾȈʬʽɾʷɮʓጕȉ ɁّȺȕɝȈ͂ଡ଼ኄȉɁഫȟᢎᄑᯚȗȦȻǾ ผᬂȺɂԧԈʣʒʔʪȺධխɥˢႱȾȬɞᬂɕ ȕɞȟǾ፱ȫȹɞȻȈᢁ̜൏ȉȈக٥ᴥᔐ ዢᘈᴦȉȈպᴥ͂ʃʤɮʽኄᴦȉȟᛵȺȕɝǾȈڨᤍ ҤȉɕᢎᄑᯚȗཟȟଊȺȠɞǿɑȲጽຑᇋ͢ ᬂȺɂȈ̷ՠ߈࣊ȉȈఊ۾ഫȉȟȻɕȾ ᢎᄑᯚȗȦȻɕᛵȺȕɞǿȦɟɥஓటȻᢎȪȲ کնǾʉɮȻպറȾȈఊͲຣȉȈOECD ӏᄴȉȈᇋ ͢˿ᏲّȉɁཟȺਾّȻ۾ȠȢႱȽɞɕɁɁǾˢ ȺȈʬʽɾʷɮʓጕȉȈ͂ଡ଼ኄȉȈᢁ̜൏ȉȈக ٥ᴥᔐዢᘈᴦȉȈఊ۾ഫȉɁཟȺцᣮȪȹ ȗɞȦȻȞɜǾȈᇋ͢ᄑΙϏᜊȉȺ۹ȢɁцᣮཟȟ ސ٣ȬɞᑔȻȽȶȹȗɞȻᐎțɜɟɞǿ ǽ͏˨Ǿ̾وɁᆅሱȾɛɝഫኳȪȲȈґʎ˂ʵȉȾɛ ɝǾஓటǾዢّǾʫɷʁɽǾ˹ّǾʉɮǾʣʒʔʪȾᩜ Ȫ ȹ ḧ ᵻ Ḭ Ɂ ፀ ᝲ ɥ ी Ȳ ȟǾ Ȧ ɟ ɜ ɂǾT. Morrison ᴥ±¹¹°ᴦǾR.T.Moranᴥ±¹¹±ᴦȾȝȤɞᜤᣖȻɕ۹ȢɁཟ ȺնȪȹȗɞ²¸ᴦ ǿ
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ᴥᴮᴦፀᝲ ǽ͏˨ǾȦɟɑȺᝲȫȹ఼ȲចཟɥျȪǾటᆅሱɁፀ ᝲɥᇉȮɃඒɁᣮɝȺȕɞǿ ḧǽ¹ ȷɁᇋ͢ᄑΙϏᜊɁșȴǾȈ൏ݏ ./ ࢲኄȉȈρ̷ / ᪿيȉȈާް / ʴʃɹȉȈᩋఙ / ᅽఙȉȈး˰ / ᇣඕȉȈɽ ʽʐɷʃʒᯚ / ͲȉȈӌ / းȉȈௐᤇ / ρҝȉɁ ¸ ȷɁΙϏᜊȾȷȗȹɂǾȈɷʴʃʒଡ଼ᴥʡʷʐʃ ʉʽʒᴦȉȈɬʽɺʷɿɹʇʽȉȈʬʽɾʷɮʓȉȈᢁ ̜൏ȉȈᯚᳮ̷ՠလȉȈܤॴឰ׆လȉȽȼ ²¸ ρɁᇋ͢ጽຑᄑᛵىȻɁȽᄾᩜȟᆬᝓȨɟ ȲǿͅǾᇋ͢ᄑΙϏᜊɁșȴȈቧ̚ / ԦᝩȉȾȷ ȗȹɂǾԚґȽॴɥધȷᇋ͢ጽຑᄑᛵىᏰɥ࿑ ްȺȠȽȞȶȲȟǾρҝȾɂࢼȷȞɁᛵȽᬱᄻɥ ҋȬɞȦȻȟҋ఼ȲǿȦșȪȹҋȨɟȲᇋ͢ጽ ຑᄑᛵىɂ፱ ²¹ ρȺȕɞǿ ḨǽటᆅሱɂǾ˨ᜤɁፀȾژȸȗȹǾ࿑ްɁᇋ͢ጽຑ ᄑᛵىȟˢᓐᄑȾȼɁറȽʝʂʗʃ୫ԇɁ࿑ौᴥᇋ ͢ᄑΙϏᜊᴦȻऐȗᄾᩜɥȪȹȗɞȞȾȷȗȹǾ க఼Ɂጽ᮷ኄȾژȸȢᅺɥǾᇼޙᄑްᦀᄑȽਖ਼ศ ȾɛȶȹژᇀȸȤɞȦȻȟҋ఼ȲཟȾᏲȟȕɞǿ ḩǽȨɜȾǾḧɁፀȾژȸȗȹǾґߦ៎ ´´ ˀّȾ ȷȗȹǾछᝉّɁʝʂʗʃ୫ԇɁ࿑ौᴥᇋ͢ᄑΙϏ ᜊᴦȟȈȼɁറȽᇋ͢ጽຑᄑᛵىȾژȸȗȹႆȫȹ ȗɞɁȞȉɥґȬɞȲɔɁᇼޙᄑȽʟʶ˂ʪʹ˂ ɹɥഫኳȪǾஓటǾዢّǾʫɷʁɽǾ˹ّǾʉɮǾ ʣʒʔʪɁᴳɻّȾȷȗȹպґʎ˂ʵɁӛॴȟ ᆬᝓȨɟȲǿ ᴥᴯᴦᐎߔȻᝥᭉ ǽటᆅሱȾᩜȬɞҤጙɥᐎߔȪǾ̾ऻɁᝥᭉȻȪȹျ ȬɟɃඒɁᣮɝȺȕɞǿ ḧǽȈᇋ͢ᄑΙϏᜊȉɁ࿑ौɥᝢȬɞȽȈᇋ͢ጽ ຑᄑᛵىȉɁҋȟ˪ԚґȺȕɞǽᴷǽ̾وɁᆅሱ ȾȝȗȹɂǾᇋ͢ᄑΙϏᜊɁșȴȈቧ̚ / ԦᝩȉȾ फᬭȬɞᇋ͢ጽຑᄑᛵىȾȷȗȹǾԚґȽॴɥ ધȷᬱᄻᏰɥҋȬɞȦȻȟҋ఼ȽȞȶȲǿȈቧ̚ / ԦᝩȉȾȷȗȹɂǾछқǾȈ̷ሗˁޭଡ଼ȉɗǾȈᇋ ͢ጽຑᄑᛵىȉɁȽȞȺɕȈGDPȉȈ̷ՠ߈࣊ȉɁ ɎȞȈܤॴឰ׆လȉȽȼʊɮʚ˂ʁʐɭȾᩜȬɞ ᬱᄻȟऐȢफᬭȪȹȗɞȻɁްɥᚐȶȲȦȻȞ ɜǾȦɟɜȾᩜᣵȬɞᬱᄻɥࢼȷȞᜫްȪͽഈɥ ஃȪȲǿȪȞȪǾ̙ȾՕȪǾ̾وᆅሱȾȝȗȹɂ ԚґȽॴɥધȷᬱᄻᏰɥᄉȬɞȾɂᒴɜȽ ȞȶȲɁɂරॡȺȕɞǿ̾ऻɁᝥᭉȻȪȹɂǾஒސ ɁᬱᄻȾӏțȹǾȈᒲུస͔ȉɗȈጽຑᇋ͢ȉȾᩜ ȬɞᬱᄻɁછЭᴥǽю᪘ټȞูټȞǾ²ˁ³ ඒ ႇഈɁလኄᴦɥ೫ȬɞȦȻȽȼȟȕȥɜɟɞǿ ɑȲǾȈɽʽʐɷʃʒᯚ / ͲȉȽȼǾᒲႏ࣊ᝩऻ ขްΡୣᴥR²ᴦȟ °.µ ᵻ °.· ሌ࣊ȾႡɑȶȹȗɞᇋ ͢ᄑΙϏᜊɁᬱᄻȟȕɝǾȨɜȾጀ࣊ɥױȬɞȲ ɔᤛҒȽᇋ͢ጽຑᄑᛵىɥȬɞ॒ᛵȟȕɞɕɁ Ȼᐎțɜɟɞǿ Ḩǽґߦ៎ّȾᩜȬɞʑ˂ʉ˪ᠴǽᴷǽȈᇋ͢ᄑΙϏ ᜊ ȉ Ⱦ ȷ ȗ ȹ ɂǾG.Hofstede ɗ F. Trompanaars ȟ૬כȪȲɕɁɥˢӏࡾᴥൈໄϡࢃϏԇᴦȪȹҟ ႊȪȹȗɞȟǾȦɁșȴ F. Trompanaars ȟ૬כȪ· ȲȈɽʽʐɷʃʒᯚ / ͲȉȈӌ / းȉȈௐᤇ / ρҝȉ ɁᬱᄻȾȷȗȹɂǾЫȁȦɟɜɁґߦ៎ȻȽȶȲ ّɁୣɂ ´° ˀّሌ࣊ȺȕɝǾటᆅሱȾȝȗȹछᝉ ᬱᄻȾᩜȬɞʑ˂ʉȟҟႊȺȠɞّୣɕ ³° ˀّሌ ࣊ȾႡɑȶȹȗɞǿట͔ȾȷȗȹɂǾਾȁɁ᪅ႜɥ ᠯțȲґɕȕɞȟǾȈ˰ႜΙϏᜊᝩ౼ȉᴥWVSᴦ Ƚȼ᭒ͬᝩ౼ȾɛɞᛃީǾ͍ఉɕ̾ऻ೫ȬɌȠɕ ɁȻᐎțɜɟɞǿ ǽɑȲǾᇋ͢ጽຑᄑᛵىȾᩜȪȹɕǾȈᇋ͢ί᪩ፈ ͇ᭊȉȈ۾ޙޙလȉȈፏߦ៥ٌလȉȽȼȾȷȗȹɂǾ छᝉʑ˂ʉɥу᚜ȪȹȗɞّᒲͶȟԚґȺɂȽȗȲ ɔǾᄾᩜґȽȼɁஃȾȕȲɝǾʑ˂ʉȟީп Ⱦीɜɟɞߦ៎ّୣȟ ³° ˀّɥ˩وɞมȻ Ƚȶȹȗɞɻ˂ʃɕސ٣ȬɞǿȦɟɜɁᬱᄻɁ ॴɁґȾȕȲȶȹɂǾˢްɁႡίɥ͇Ȭ॒ᛵȟȕ ɞȻᐎțɜɟɞǿȪȲȟȶȹǾȈᇋ͢ᄑΙϏᜊȉȻ ᄾᩜɥȬᇋ͢ጽຑᄑᛵىȻȪ̾وҋȪȲ ²¹ ρ ɁᬱᄻɁșȴǾȈ۾ޙޙလȉኄɁॴȾȷȗȹ ɂȦɁ֞ȺႡȟ॒ᛵȺȕɞǿ ḩǽᇋ͢ጽຑᄑᛵىȻȪȹᜫްȪȲ µ¶ ᬱᄻɁጀ౼ѓ೫ ǽᴷǽ̾وᜫްȪȲ µ¶ ρɁᇋ͢ጽຑᄑᛵىȾȷ ȹɕǾඒɁറȽᜊཟȞɜጀ౼ɥᚐȗѓ೫Ȭɞͺ٥ ȟ۾ȺȕɞȻᐎțɜɟɞǿቼˢȾȈޭଡ଼ȉȾȷȗȹ ɂǾյّɁޭଡ଼ҝ̷ՠഫȾᩜȬɞʑ˂ʉɂ̾و ҟႊȪȲዢّ CIA ɁͅȾᛓୣސ٣ȪǾʑ˂ʉᩖȺ ୣϏȟȞȽɝႱȽȶȹȗɞȦȻȟȕȥɜɟɞǿȨɜ ȾȈɷʴʃʒଡ଼ᴥɵʇʴʍɹᴦȉȽȼޭଡ଼ȾᩜȬɞ ᬱᄻɥ̾وᴴᬱᄻᜫްȪȲȟǾɷʴʃʒଡ଼Ɂޭ์ɥ ȼɁറȾґ᭒ȬɞȞǾКଡ଼ɗᤍଡ଼ɥ͂ଡ଼ȻˢજȬɞ ȦȻɁழȽȼǾ೫ȬɌȠཟȟࢼȷȞސ٣Ȭɞǿ ɑȲǾȈ̷ሗȉȾȷȗȹɂǾዊΠԇɁȲɔȾǾ᪨ Ɂ̷ՠഫȾᩜɢɜȭّюȺఊ۾ɁഫɥȬ ɞ̷ሗȾɛȶȹछᝉّɁȈ̷ሗȉɥˢऺȾᜫްȪȹ ȗɞཟȾɕႡȟ॒ᛵȺȕɞǿ ǽቼ̝ȾǾGDP ȽȼȈᇋ͢ጽຑȉȾᩜȬɞᬱᄻȾ ȷȗȹɂǾژటᄑȾу᚜ȨɟȲఊཟɁʑ˂ʉɥ ҟႊȪȹȗɞȟǾʝʂʗʃ୫ԇᒲͶɂᩖɥȞȤȹ ɗȞȾ۰ԇȪȹᚐȢॴɁɕɁȺȕɞȻລȨ ɟǾȰɁ֞Ⱥ˹ّȽȼᣋࢳॲᩋɥᤁȥȹȗɞّ ȾȷȗȹǾʝʂʗʃ୫ԇɁ࿑ौɥґȬɞȲɔɁᛵ ىȻȪȹɂǾఊᣋཟɁୣϏȺɂȽȢǾᤈՍˢްఙ ᩖɁࢲ٫ϏȽȼɥҟႊȬɌȠȺɂȽȗȞȻȗșཟȺ ȕɞǿȦɟɜ ² ཟȾȷȗȹɂǾటᆅሱɁፀᝲɁጀ࣊ ɥױȬɞ˨ȺᛵȽᝥᭉȺȕɞȻᐎțɜɟɞȟǾ ˢްɁᜊᄑژໄȾژȸȗȲʑ˂ʉѿျɥᚐȶȹȗ ɞኄǾፀᝲɁ۾ౕɗ̾وᩒᄉȪȲґʎ˂ʵɁӛ ॴᒲͶɥಏࣄȞɜᛷȬɎȼɁ̜ᬱȺɂȽȗȻ९୳Ȩ ɟɞǿ ḪǽّුɁʝʂʗʃ୫ԇɁ࿑ौɥ ¹ ȷɁȈᇋ͢ᄑΙϏᜊȉ ȾɛȶȹˢऺȾԖґȪȹȗɞȦȻɁழǽᴷǽ̾و ɁᆅሱȾȝȗȹɂǾȈ̷ሗˁޭଡ଼ȉȽȼɁᤏȗȟᇋ ͢ᄑΙϏᜊɁᤏȗȻ߈ȾᩜᣵȪȹȗɞȦȻȟɜ ȞȻȽȶȲǿȪȞȪǾȰɁȦȻᒲͶȟǾ̷ሗǾޭଡ଼ ɁႱȽɞȟຉ٣ȪȹȗɞّȾȷȗȹɂǾᇋ͢ᄑ ΙϏᜊɕ۹റȽറᄾɥ֔Ȭɞժᑤॴȟ۾ȺȕɞȦȻ ɥᇉדȪȹȗɞǿȪȲȟȶȹǾዢّɗ˹ّȽȼ۹റ Ƚ̷ሗˁޭଡ଼ȟຉ٣Ȭɞ۾ّɂɕȻɛɝǾʣʒʔʪ Ƚȼᛓ᫆Ƚධխᄑ٥ڒᄑᑔɥȬɞّȾȷȗȹґ ɥᚐș᪨ȾɂǾటᆅሱɁറȾّпͶɥ႕ˢᄑȾˢ ȷɁ᭒ټȾ࢜ࠖȨȮɞਖ਼ศᴥʃʐʶɴʉɮʡԇᴦɂǾ കᜊᄑˁζᅪᄑȽɬʡʷ˂ʋȻȪȹˢްɁӛॴɥ ɕȷɕɁȺȕɞȻᐎțɜɟɞɕɁɁǾȰɁ᪅ႜɥԚ ґᝓឧȪ۹ᜏᄑȽ೫ґɥɔɞ॒ᛵȟȕɞȦȻ ɥॗɟɞɌȠȺɂȽȗǿ ḫǽґߦ៎ّɁછЭǽᴷǽ̾وɁᆅሱȾȝȗȹɂǾʑ˂ ʉՖᪿɁᫍ࣊ɗͽഈՠୣኄɁᜊཟɥᐎਁȪǾґ ߦ៎ّɥ ´´ ˀّȾҤ᪅ȮȩɞɥीȽȞȶȲǿ࿑ȾǾ ̾ऻᄉࠕȟఙशȨɟȹȗɞɬʟʴɵចّȾȷȗȹ ɂǾɲʂʡʒɥȠґߦ៎۶ȻȪȹȗɞǿɑȲǾ ɬʂɬǾԧዢɁចّȾȷȗȹɕǾ॒ȭȪɕԚґȽߦ ៎ّୣȻȽȶȹȗȽȗǿ̾ऻɂǾʑ˂ʉՖᪿɁᫍ࣊ ɗஓጕ͙ഈɁҋаɁมɕӨಘȪȷȷǾߦ៎ኰٍ ɥᬲඒછ۾ȬɞȦȻȟ॒ᛵȺȕɞȻ९୳Ȩɟɞǿ ᴥᴰᴦటᆅሱɁᏲǽ ǽࠥᅇɁ˹ߴ͙ഈȾȝȗȹɕ˹ԧዢǾ˹ّǾూԧɬʂ ɬȾȝȗȹ̜ഈɥࠕᩒȬɞ͙ഈȟۄӏȪȹȗɞȟǾˢ ȺɂȦɟɜ˹ߴ͙ഈɂ۶ࠕᩒɁጽ᮷ɗյّɁศҤ࣊Ƚ ȼȾᩜȬɞߩᩌᄑᅺឧȾ̈ȪȗȦȻȞɜǾّ᪨ᄑ̜ഈ૬ ଆ̬ຒǾး٥ࡾکȾȝȤɞ̷̜ᫀႊከျȽȼɁᬂȺറȁ ȽʒʳʠʵɗᜮᜧȾߵȽȞɜȭᤜᤃȪȹȗɞǿȰɁᑔ ȾɂǾ۶ࠕᩒɁጽ᮷ɗّ᪨ᄑʝʂʗʃ̬ຒɁߩᩌᄑᅺ ឧȾ̈Ȫȗ˹ߴ͙ഈȟǾɺʷ˂ʚʵȽ̜ഈࠕᩒɥᚐșȾ ȕȲɝǾّюȾȝȗȹᩋࢳڗȶȹȠȲ࿑Ɂጽ؆ʃʉɮ ʵɗ͙ഈ୫ԇɥҋаɁး٥िഈ׆ȾɕིឧȾᤛႊȪ ȲɝǾஓటํɁʝʂʗʃ̬ຒȾȝȤɞᐎțɗਖ਼ศɥّ ᪨ᩖɁ̬ຒȾɕᤛႊȪɛșȻȬɞȦȻȾᠭىȬɞɻ˂ʃ ɕ۹ȗȻᐎțɜɟɞǿ ǽటᆅሱɂǾҋᄾਖ਼ّɁʝʂʗʃ୫ԇɁ࿑ौᴥȈᇋ͢ ᄑΙϏᜊȉᴦȻȰɁᑔऻȾސ٣ȬɞᛵىᴥȈᇋ͢ጽຑᄑᛵ ىȉᴦɥǾȈͶጕᄑˁᇼޙᄑȉȾျȪǾ˹ߴ͙ഈȟ۶ ̜ഈɥя໙ȾࠕᩒȬɞȾȕȲɝ॒ᛵȻȽɞ˪ժඑȽژᇀ ᄑᅺឧɁˢȷɥ૬ΖȬɞɕɁȻȪȹᏲɥȬɞȻ९୳ Ȩɟɞǿ࿑ȾǾ̾وɁᆅሱȾɛȶȹǾȈᇋ͢ᄑΙϏᜊȉ
¸ ɥျᜓȬɞȲɔȾ॒ᛵȻȽɞ ²¹ ρɁᇋ͢ጽຑᄑᛵىɥ ҋ࿑ްȪȲȦȻǾȝɛɆǾߦ៎ّȟ ´´ ّȾႡɑɞȦ Ȼɗʑ˂ʉᖞሥɁ᪅ႜɂȕɞɕɁɁǾّුɁᇋ͢ᄑΙϏ ᜊɁ࿑ौɥዊᜁᄑȾျᜓȬɞȲɔɁȈґʎ˂ʵȉ ɥқɔȹഫኳ϶ȪȲཟȺǾటᆅሱɁᏲɂߴȨȢȽȗ ɕɁȻᐎțɞǿ า ±¹ᴦ టᆅሱȺɂو࢜ґɁਖ਼ศɥႊȗȹȗɞȟǾአް ȨɟȲյϡو࢜ΡୣɁϏɂյᝢ۰ୣᴥᇋ͢ጽຑᄑᛵ ىᴦɁລްԨͱȾɛȶȹϏȟ۾ȠȢࡿծȨɟȲɔǾᝢ ۰ୣᄾ̠ᩖɁᝢӌɥᢎ೫Ȭɞ˨Ⱥᫍȟȕɞǿ ൈໄϡو࢜ΡୣɂǾȦɁറȽٌᫍɥᜓขȪǾյᝢ۰ ୣȟᚱᝢ۰ୣᴥᇋ͢ᄑΙϏᜊᴦȾ˫țɞफᬭ࣊ɥ ᢎȺȠɞɛșȾȬɞȲɔǾյ۰ୣɥࢲ٫ °ᴩґୠ ± Ⱦ ൈໄԇȪȲکնȾȝȤɞو࢜ΡୣȻȪȹአȨɟȲϏ Ⱥȕɞǿȕɞᝢ۰ୣȟ ± ൈໄϡࢃ۰ӦȪȲȻȠȾᴩ ൈໄԇȨɟȲᚱᝢ۰ୣȟͷԨͱ۰ӦȬɞȞɥ᚜Ȭǿ ²°ᴦ ̾وҋȪȲ ²¹ ρɁᇋ͢ጽຑᄑᛵىɁܵछॴ೫ᜳ ɁȲɔȾɂǾట఼ǾࢿኰȽаᚐᆅሱɁґǾȝɛɆట ᆅሱȺҟႊȪȲʑ˂ʉȻɂȪȲᜳʑ˂ʉɁՖᪿ ґኄȟ॒ᛵȺȕɞǿటᆅሱȾȝȗȹɂǾරॡȽȟɜ ᩖɁҤጙኄɕȕɝ॒ȭȪɕȰɁȲɔɁԚґȽͽഈȟ ᚐțȹȗȽȗมȾȕɞȟǾȦȦȺɂᇋ͢ጽຑᄑᛵى ɁյґɁșȴǾȈޭଡ଼ȉȾȷȗȹɂǾऻᣖᴥา ²²ᴦ ɁറȽژᇀᄑ୫စȾɛɞܵछॴɁ೫ᜳɥஃȪȲǿɑ ȲǾȈ̷ሗȉȈผȉȾȷȗȹɂǾछᝉᬱᄻȾᩜȬɞ͍ ᚜ᄑȽّɥୣˀّȻɝȕȥǾछᝉّɁ୫ԇ࿑ॴȾᩜȪ ᜤ ᢐ Ȫ ȹ ȗ ɞ ஒ ސ ୫ စᴥ ˿ Ⱦ T. Morrisonᴥ±¹¹°ᴦᴦ ȻɁնॴɥᆬᝓȬɞᩖᄑਖ਼ศȾɛɝ೫ᜳɥᚐȶȹ ȗɞᴥา ²± ՎྃᴦǿȽȝǾȈጽຑᇋ͢ȉɁґȾȷȗ ȹɂǾᝲျᄑȾࢠឧ˨ȰɁɛșȽᩜΡȟᄉႆȪीɞȞ քȞɥढࣻᄑȾ೫ᜳȬɞȾႡɔȩɞɥीȽȞȶȲǿ ²±ᴦ țɃǾT. Morrisonᴥ±¹¹°ᴦȺɂǾᔐّᴥɬʽɺ ʷɿɹʇʽᴦǾʑʽʨ˂ɹᴥɼʵʨʽᴦǾʟʳʽʃᴥʳ ʐʽᴦǾʋɱɽᴥʃʳʠᴦǾʨʶ˂ʁɬᴥʬʽɾʴɬʽᴦ Ɂ୫ԇ࿑ॴȻȪȹඒɁറȽଊȟȨɟȹȗɞǿ ǽᔐّᴥɬʽɺʷɿɹʇʽᴦᴷȈࢠȾρ̷˿ᏲᄑȺȕ ɞǿρ̷ɁɮʕʁɬʋʠɗȟȨɟǾऐӌȽʴ˂ ʊ˂ʁʍʡȟᄉȨɟɞȉȈ˨ॖտȟऐȢǾ̷ȁɂ ȫȶȢɝᐎțȹ৳Ⱦขɥ˩Ȭȉǽᴹρ̷Ǿቧ̚Ǿ ʴʃɹǾး˰Ǿӌᴻ ǽʑʽʨ˂ɹᴥɼʵʨʽᴦᴷȈˢᓐȾȞȽɝလᄽȽᝈȪ ɥȬɞǿʄʚʄʚșȻȞɦȫɜɟɞȞɕȪɟȽȗ ȟǾտȦșɂȰɟȟௐᣮȽɁȺȾȪȽȗɛșȾȉ ᴹͲɽʽʐʐɷʃʒᴻ ǽʟʳʽʃᴥʳʐʽᴦᴷȈґᄑˁ੧ҜᄑȽཟȾȶ ȹǾεᢷᄑȽɰɮʍʒɗʷʂʍɹȾߋɦȳឰᝲɥࠕᩒ ȬɞȉȈᡇɛɝɬɮʑɭɬɥɔȹȪǾষڨȾ ߦȪȹґᄑ੧ҜᄑȽݎӯȺȬɞȉȈ̜ɛɝɕɮ ʫ˂ʂɥɔȹឰᝲȬɞȉȈʴʃɹɂїȨȭǾ˪ᆬȞ Ƚ఼߬ȾɢȲɞᩋఙᄑ႕ɥȲȹɞȻȗșȦȻɂߵȽ ȗȉȈ̷ҰȺষɥҋȬɞȦȻȾɂȽȗȉ ᴹௐᤇǾᅽఙǾͲɽʽʐɷʃʒᴻ ǽʋɱɽᴥʃʳʠᴦᴷȈ៎ᄑȽᚐӦኰȾिșɛɝɕ ̷ᩖᩜΡɥȬɞȉȈ˿ᜊᄑȽᜁɗԱ៎Ȼᜊᄑ ̜Ɂ˵ɥ፱նȪȹழɥҜȬɞȉᴹρҝᴻ ǽʨʶ˂ʁɬᴥʬʽɾʷɮʓᴦᴷȈ൏ݏɥ߰ȪǾˁˁˁȉ ȈጸᎥɥɑȭТаȪȹᐎțɞϿտȟऐȢǾขްऻɂȬ ȣȾᪿيɁୈધɥȻɝȷȤɞǿߦɗᝲ̚ɂఖɑȭǾ ࢠȾٍ֚ȻɁᝩ֪ɥᐎțȹᚐӦȬɞȉȈࢳᩋᐐɗ٥ͱ Ɂᯚȗ̷ɂȗ߰ୢɥՙȤɞȉᴹ൏ݏǾᪿيǾʴʃɹǾ ᩋఙᴻǽ ²²ᴦ ൞ྲ۾˧ᴥ²°°±ᴦȾɂǾյޭଡ଼ȾȷȗȹඒɁറȽ ଊȟȕɞǿᴹᴻюɂߦख़Ȭɞᇋ͢ᄑΙϏᜊǿ ǽʰʊʮଡ଼ᴷȈ۾۰նျᄑȺး˰˹॑˿ᏲɁޭଡ଼ȉȈް ͳȪȹȗȽȗɁȺǾܑጙȺᄾਖ਼ȻɁαᭅᩜΡɥᆬȾ ȪȹȝȞȽȗȻާ॑ȺȠɑȮɦȉᴹး˰ॖտᴻ ǽɷʴʃʒଡ଼ᴷȈʛɰʷɁ˿एȟɷʴʃʒଡ଼Ɂॴಐɥ ขްȸȤɑȪȲǿˁˁˁǾॲȗȺጶఞᴥఊऻɁߜҜᴦ ɥᣊțɞໄ϶ɥȪȽȤɟɃȽɜȽȗǿȰɁፀǾး˰ ȾߦȪȹིᩜ॑ᴥᇣඕᴦȻȽɝɑȬǿˁˁˁˁ̷ɂᄒǾ ˨Ⱦȷ൏ݏȾिșɌȠȺȬǿᇘȾႏ఼ȪȽȗ൏ݏɂ ȽȢǾ̾ȕɞ൏ݏɂпȹᇘȾɛȶȹȹɜɟȲɕɁȳ ȞɜȺȬǿȉȈʰʊʮଡ଼ȺɂՁҬȻȪȹǾୗຑɁԨͱɂ ʰʊʮȺȪȲǿȪȞȪǾɷʴʃʒଡ଼Ⱥɂˢ̷ɅȻ ɝȟᚹȠɥՙȤǾᇘɁّȾоɝȲɝоɟȽȞȶȲɝȪ ɑȬǿୗຑɁԨͱȟρ̷Ɂ᯽ȺȕɞȻȗșཟȺǾᣋ ͍ᄑˁρ̷˿ᏲᄑȽޭଡ଼ȺȕɞȻțɞȺȪɚșǿȉ Ȉʷ˂ʨଡ଼͢Ɂʫʽʚ˂ȺȕɞȦȻȟǾୗຑȨɟɞȲ ɔɁ॒ᛵస͔Ⱥȕɞǿଡ଼͢ȾᆍᩌȨɟɟɃǾ٥ဌȾᕶ ȴɞȦȻɥ֞ȪɑȪȲǿȉᴹᇣඕǾ൏ݏǾρ̷Ǿး ᴻ ǽʡʷʐʃʉʽʒᴷȈʵʉ˂ȟ᪬̷ঢ়ɥಏચȾّ൏ ӌɥژᇀȸȤȲཟɕᛵȺȬǿˁˁˁˁᅊɁɷʴʃʒ ଡ଼ाɂ٥˨ȾȕȶȹɂǾᒲґᒲᡵɁȲɔȺɂȽȢǾ᪬ ̷ɁȲɔȾႆȠǾ᪬̷Ⱦ̈́țɞɁȺȕɞȞɜǾᒲґȺ ɂ॒ᛵȻȪȽȗȟǾ᪬̷ȾɂႊȺȕɝǾ॒ᛵȺȕɞ ȦȻɥɕǾȝɁȟɁటॴȾिȶȹᚐșɁȺȕɞǿȉȈȰ ɁȲɔ̷ȁɂǾ˰ΫюᇣඕɋȻᮠɝȹɜɟɑȬǿᇣ ඕȻɂǾඕఖɥਾ৻ȬɞȻȗș֞ȺɂȽȢȹǾᒲґ ɁᚐӦпȹɥˢްɁᄻᄑɁȲɔȾጸᎥȬɞȻȗș ֞ǿˁˁˁȦșȪȹǾҟ༁ȰɟᒲͶɥᒲࢄᄻᄑȻȪǾˁˁˁ ȰșȬɞȻǾЄȤɃЄȢɎȼȝᦂȟɑɞǿȝᦂȟ
¹ ɑɞɁɂǾᇘɁঐߢȟȰȦȾȕɞȻȗș֞ȾȽɞǿ ӎɂȗȗȦȻȽɁȺȕɞǿȉᴹᪿيǾԦᝩǾᅽఙᴻ ǽɮʃʳʪଡ଼ᴷȈɰʽʨᴥɮʃʳʪцպͶᴦȻɂǾך ˢᇘɬʍʳ˂ɥሱɁ˿൏ᐐǾȰɁΈाˁᬶᐐʪʙ ʽʨʓɥ٥˨ȾȝȤɞ͍ျ̷ȻȪȹᝓɔɞʪʃʴʪɁ ጸᎥȬɞޭଡ଼цպͶȺȬǿˁˁˁ˰ႜศȺȕɞɮʃʳ ʪศɂךˢȺǾȦɟȾɛȶȹǾʪʃʴʪɁ̷᭒цպͶ ȻȪȹɁˢͶॴȟઆίȨɟɞɢȤȺȬǿȉȈʪʙʽʨʓ ɁඳऻǾȰɁޭଡ଼ᄑ൏ݏɥፕȣᐐɂȗɑȮɦȟǾผ ᄑ൏ݏɥፕ੪ȪȹɰʽʨɥፋလȬɞᐐȻȪȹǾɵʴʟ ᴥᇘɁΈाɁ͍ျ̷ᴦȟᤣɃɟɑȬǿȉȈɮʃʳʪศȾ ɛɞȻǾ̷ᩖɁӦɂпȹǾɮʃʳʪศɁȽȞȾߦख़ ȬɞҜɥɕȴɑȬǿศҜɂᝉछȬɞ୫ᴥศໃᴦ ȞɜᄽˁᩖȾ߳ȞɟɑȬǿศໃȞɜҜɥ߳ȢɁ ȟศޙɁ̜̈́ȺȬǿˁˁˁศऺɂᇘȟͽȶȲɕɁȺǾ ෫ᤕ˪۰ȺȬǿȉᴹ൏ݏǾးᴻ ǽ͂ଡ଼ᴷȈεഈɁᄻᄑȻɂͷȺȪɚșȞǿᜁɝɥɅɜ ȗȹᜓᑱȬɞȦȻȺȬǿȺɂǾᜁɝȻɂͷȞǿᜁȶȲ ȕȻȺȽȗȻǾȰɟɂɢȞɜȽȗǿȻȗșȦȻɂǾ͂ ଡ଼ɁεഈᐐȲȴɂɒȽǾᜁɝȟȽȾȞᅺɜȽȗɑɑε ᚐɥፖȤǾ͂ଡ଼ɥɝȲȮȹȗɞɁȺȬǿȉȈሳᜊȻ ɂǾȕɜəɞ̜࿎ᴥˢҒចศᴦȟሳȺȕɝِްᄑȽ ͶɥધȲȽȗȻᜊȫɞ९ȺȬǿˁˁˁˁᕹɗᜊॡ ȾȦȳɢɝȬȡɞȻǾ˰ႜɁȕɝɁɑɑɁݎɂȷȞɔ ȽȗǾȻȗș˿एȺȬǿˁˁˁˁᕹɗȰɟɁ᚜ȬԖҝǾ ᜊॡɥǾુȹȹȪɑțȻȗșɁȺɂȽȗɁȺȬȟǾȰ ɟɥِްԇˁͶԇȬɞȦȻȽȢǾȰɁտȦșȾȕɞ ˰ႜɁȕɞȟɑɑɁݎɁɥɓȪɠ۾̜ȾȪɛșᴥȳ ȞɜǾȰɟɥᕹȺ᚜းȬɞکնȾɂǾᅶᅀȪȲɝǾ ᣡᝢȾȽȶȲɝǾնျȾȽȶȲɝȬɞᴦᴪȻȗșᐎ țȺȕɞȉᴹᯚɽʽʐɷʃʒᴻ ǽɑȲǾర˨ᓦᴥ²°°°ᴦȾɂǾʜʽʓɯ˂ଡ଼Ǿȝɛ ɆȰɁژᇀȻȽȶȲա͍ɮʽʓɁޭଡ଼ᴥʚʳʬʽଡ଼ᴦ ȾȷȗȹඒɁറȽଊȟȕɞǿ ǽʜʽʓɯ˂ଡ଼Ǿʚʳʬʽଡ଼ᴷȈᡵґࢃҝȟޭଡ଼ᄑȾ ಏચȸȤɜɟȹȗȲǿ̷ȁɂ॒ȭȗȭɟȞɁሗ݂Ⱦࠖ ȬɞȟǾሗ݂ɥᤣɉȦȻɂȺȠȽȞȶȲǿȉȈ̷ᩖɁ ᯽ɂǾഈɁᢞ࣯Ⱦɛȶȹ෫ᤕȾႆɑɟ۰ɢɞȟǾ̷ᩖ ɂး˰Ⱥᐥъʣ˂ʊɥޙɦȺױᚐഈɥሥɒǾᇞᇌɥ ɦȫǾሗ݂ɁᏲөɥަɝǾɛɝᓦȗ఼˰ɋɁѓႆɥ᭐ șɌȠɕɁȻȨɟȲǿˁˁˁႆɑɟȞɢɝǾඳȾȞɢȶ ȹ෫ᤕȾํᢆȬɞᢞ࣯ȞɜɁ᯽ɁᜓᑱɂǾȦɁɁȴ ɮʽʓɁޭଡ଼ɥ៩Ȣژట֤ᭉȻȽɝǾɮʽʓ̷ȾȻȶ ȹ̷ႆȾȝȤɞఊ۾Ɂᩜ̜॑ȻȽȶȲǿȉȈʜʽʓɯ˂ ଡ଼ɂ۹ᇘଡ଼ȺǾˁˁˁȉȈʜʽʓɯ˂ଡ଼ȺɂǾᇞɝɁሗ ᭒ȟɔȹ۹ȗȦȻȟ࿑ौȻȽȶȹȗɞǿˁˁˁᇞɝ ɂαᐐɁᏲөȻȨɟǾްɔɜɟȲᇞɝɥඩȪȢᚐșȦ ȻȺᇘɁঐগȟीɜɟɞȻαȫɜɟȹȗɞǿȉᴹ൏ݏǾ ʴʃɹǾρҝᴻ ²³ᴦ Ȉᢁ̜൏ȉɁъټɂǾʃɵʵʒǾʃɵʵʘȾɛɞ ᢁ ȟ ጙ ¶° ࢳ ፖ ȗ Ȳ ɮ ʽ ʓ ʗ ʁ ɬ Ⱥ ȕ ɠ șǿT. Morrisonᴥ±¹¹°ᴦȾɂǾඒɁറȽᜤᢐȟȕɞǿ ǽɮʽʓʗʁɬᴷȈᠯᒲུᄑȽސ٣ɥऐȢαȫǾȰɟ ȟާްȻާ॑ɁɛɝȼȦɠȻȽɞȉȈʝʂʗʃɗᇋ̬ ɁکȺฉɥ߰ȬɞǿयɜɂฉɁᩖɥȻɞȦȻȺ ᐎțɞᩖɥɕȷȉȈՕᝲȬɞȦȻɂ܅ᇊȾȕȲɞȲ ɔǾɔȶȲȾȈʘ˂ȉȻȗɢȽȗǿȰȦȺȈЕᇊᄑȽ ȈɮɲʃȉȻటछɁȈɮɲʃȉɁԖҝɥɔɞ॒ᛵ ȟȕɞȉȈ˿Ȳɞᩜ॑ɂρȁɁมȻȰɁछ̜ᐐȾտ ȤɜɟǾௐᤇᄑȽʵ˂ʵɗศҬȾɂȕɑɝᄻɥտȤɜ ɟȽȗȉȈ९ขްȾɂͤፋᄑȾǾᩜΡᐐп׆ɥࢊȠ ᣅɦȺᝈȪնȗɥࠅȢȪǾˢᒵཟɥҋȬɗɝɥȻ ɞȉᴹᇣඕǾᯚɽʽʐɷʃʒǾᪿيǾާްǾρҝᴻ ²´ᴦ ȦɁፀɂǾষ᚜းɁៈȞȽȈͲɽʽʐɷʃʒȉ ɁّȾȝȗȹɂǾȈڨᤍҤȉȟऐȗȻȗșᩜΡȟސ ٣ȬɞȦȻɥ֞ȬɞǿȴȽɒȾǾȈڨᤍҤȉȻᴶ ρɁȈᇋ͢ᄑΙϏᜊȉȻɁԨᄾᩜΡୣ R ɥɞȻǾȈ൏ ݏ / ࢲኄȉ+°.·°ǾȈρ̷ / ᪿيȉǭ °.¶¸ǾȈɽʽʐɷʃ ʒᯚ / Ͳȉǭ °.³±ǾȝɛɆȈӌ / းȉǭ °.´µǾȈး ˰ / ᇣඕȉǭ °.³¹Ȉௐᤇ / ρҝȉǭ °.´µ ȻȽȶȹȗɞǿ ȦɁȦȻȞɜǾڨᤍҤɥᚐșکնǾȈ൏ݏȉȈᪿيȉȈး ȉȈᇣඕȉȈρҝȉɁϿտȟᯚȗɎȼȈڨᤍҤȉȟ ᚐȗȗȦȻǾȨɜȾɂǾȈͲɽʽʐɷʃʒȉᴥষɁ ᚜းȟៈȞᴦȽّȾȝȗȹɂǾᇋ͢Ɂ˪ާްԇوᤧɁ ȲɔɁˢኍȻȪȹȈڨᤍҤȉȟᛵȽਖ਼ȻȽɝ ीɞȦȻɥᇉדȬɞɕɁȻߔȬɞǿ ²µᴦ țɃǾ± ̷छȲɝ GDP ʒʍʡɁʘʵɰɱ˂ȻǾ ఊ˩ͱɁɮʽʓȾȷȗȹǾT. Morrisonᴥ±¹¹°ᴦɂඒ ɁറȾଊȪȹȗɞǿ ǽʘʵɰɱ˂ᴥӌ ¯ းǽ«µ´ᴦᴷȈρ̷Ɂɮʕʁɬ ʋʠɗɥȪǾᇋ͢ᄑ٥ͱɛɝɕρ̷Ɂᑤӌɥ ɦȫɞȉ ǽɮʽʓᴥӌ ¯ းǽǭ ²¶ᴦᴷȈఊɕȨɟɞɁ ɂȰɁکɁมȻ̷ᩖᩜΡǿȳȟȕȢɑȺɕɵ˂ʃʒ ɁౕɥɂɒҋȬȦȻɂȽȗȉȈɵ˂ʃʒɁᤏȗɂట ᄑȽɕɁȳȻɁᜁȟ̷ȁȾɂȪɒȷȗȹȗɞȉȈ߂ ֤ᝲᄑᜊȟ॑ɁܝࣄȾȕɞȲɔǾᩖȾળɝوȨɟ ɞȦȻɂȽȢǾᒲґɁہᤃɥՙȤоɟɞȦȻȦȰȟᏩ ोȉ ²¶ᴦ ȦɁፀɂǾȈఊ۾ഫȉȟᯚȗّǾԴȴȈպ ᄑȽّȉȾȝȗȹɂǾȈးȉȈρҝȉɁϿտȟऐȗ ȦȻɥ֞ȪȹȗɞǿщͶᄑȾɂᬤّǾɿɰʂɬʳʝ ɬȽȼɁᄑȾ٫ˢᄑȽّȾȝȗȹɂǾးɥᑌ ްȪץᭉɥρҝ̜ষȾژȸȗȹѿျȬɞϿտȟȕɞȦ
±° Ȼɥ֞ȪȹȝɝǾਾȁɁˢᓐᄑȽԱ៎ȻնȪȹȗ ɞȻᐎțɞǿ˵ّȾȷȗȹɂǾT. Morrisonᴥ±¹¹°ᴦ ȾඒɁറȽଊȟȕɞǿ ǽᬤّᴥఊ۾ഫǽ¹¸ᴢᴦᴷȈρ̷ᄑȽԱ៎ɗ ᜁȟҜɁژໄȻȽɞȉȈࢳߵᐐɂࢳᩋᐐɥ߰ୢǾఏ िȪǾࢳᩋᐐɂࢳᩋᐐȾߦȪȹ൏ݏȻ͖ɥɕȷȉ ᴹးǾρҝᴻ ǽɿɰʂɬʳʝɬᴥఊ۾ഫ ¹°ᴢᴦᴷȈးɥ ȰɁɑɑՙоɟɞϿտȟȕɞȉǿᴹးǾρҝᴻ ²·ᴦ յّɁஒސаᚐᆅሱɗˢᓐᄑȽᅺȾȷȗȹɂǾT. Morrisonᴥ±¹¹°ᴦǾR.T. Moranᴥ±¹¹±ᴦȽȼȟ͍᚜ᄑ Ƚ୫စȺȕɞȻᐎțɞǿᝊጯɂǾ˩ᜤา ²¸ Վྃǿ ²¸ᴦ T. Morrisonᴥ±¹¹°ᴦȾȝȤɞᩜᣵȬɞᜤᣖɥّු ȾऀႊျȬɟɃǾඒɁᣮɝȺȕɞǿ ǽஓటᴷȈ˿ᜊᄑȺጽ᮷ɥɦȫǾͤፋᄑΙϏȾِږ ȬɞǿᪿيȾߦȬɞऐȗड़॑ɁȲɔǾȻɕȬɟɃௐ ᤇᄑˁᝲျᄑȻȗșɛɝǾஓట̷ᒲɁ९ᐎศɥધ ȷɛșȾțɞǿ͏॑ͤ॑୫ԇȺȕɞȉȈᪿيюɁ ɁˢᒵȾऐȢȦȳɢɞȉȈ̷ͅȻպȫȺȕɞȦȻɥ ɛȪȻȪǾˁˁˁǾӱәɥױȻȬɞәЄᜊȻᪿيȺɁ ̷ᩖᩜΡȟρ̷Ɂႆ๊Ⱦާްɥ˫țɞȉȈފΖɁᬰȞ ɜষɥᒲҤȬɞȦȻɥޙɆǾȰɁȁɁมȾख़ȫ ȲᚐӦɥȻɞȉȈպኄɁ٥ͱɁᐐպॖɁቧ̚ɂࢠȾ ༜Ȫȗȉᴹቧ̚ǾާްǾᯚɽʽʐɷʃʒǾးǾρҝᴻ ǽዢّᴷȈґᄑȽ९ᐎɥɦȫǾ࿎̜ɥȬȣȾ៎ ԇȬɞϿտȟऐȗǿͤፋɛɝɕᬆɥȉȈௐᤇᄑ ʵ˂ʵȟ߰ȨɟǾˁˁȉȈ˰ႜɁȼɁّɛɝɕρ̷˿ ᏲȟᄉᤎȪȹȗɞّȉȈˢρ̷ȻȪȹɁᒲґɁސ٣Ǿ ᒲᄉॴȻρ̷ɁഈɥȬɞّȺȕɝǾșɌȠ ȾɂȲɔɜɢȭȾȈʘ˂ȉȻșȉȈՓ̷ɂȕɑɝ ۹ȢɕȲȭǾ॒ᛵȾख़ȫȹΈȗɢȤɞȉȈӱӣɥᏩो ȻȪǾЄȢȦȻȟ̷ႆɁᄻᄑȺȕɞɛșȾțɞȉȈρ ̷Ɂൡ͢ࢲኄɂศȾɛȶȹίᜳȨɟȹȗɞȉȈቧ̚ȟ ᇋ͢Ɂژటʵ˂ʵȻɒȽȨɟȹȗɞȟǾᄾ̠Ηސᄑम ҾґઆɁᐎțɕऐȗȉȈТᇸȺȕɞȦȻǾขӌȾ ߋɓȦȻȟᯚȢΙȨɟɞȉȈ̷ᩖᄑտ˨ɛɝ࿎ᄑ ඬȟТаȨɟɞȉᴹࢲኄǾρ̷Ǿቧ̚ǾʴʃɹǾᅽ ఙǾး˰ǾӌǾௐᤇᴻ ǽʫɷʁɽᴷȈ९ᐎศɂ˿ᜊᄑˁጽ᮷˿ᏲᄑȉȈץᭉ ᜓขȾȕȲȶȹɂௐᤇᄑȽʵ˂ʵɗҬȾिșɛɝǾ ࿑යॴȾาᄻȪɛșȻȬɞȉȈॖขްɁ᪨Ⱦɂ ɗᪿيɁҟȟ۾ȠȽᛵጨȻȽɞǿʫɷʁɽȺɁʝʂ ʗʃȾɂǾɑȭᄾਖ਼Ȼρ̷ᄑȽᩜΡɥኳȢȦȻȟ॒ᛵ ȺȕɞȟǾȰɁȲɔɁךˢɁศɂȻᜆȪȢȽɞ ȦȻȉȈρ̷Ɂ੫ᑤɗᅺឧɛɝǾᪿيюȺɁᤛख़ӌȟ ȨɟɞȉȈᪿيɁʫʽʚ˂պۢɂ፯߈ȽՓষȻρ ̷ᄑȽᩜΡȺऐȢፀɃɟǾˁˁȉȈ႒ɜȪȨɥለ૯Ȭɞ ʨʋʃʬɂɔȹऐȢǾˁˁȉᴹ൏ݏǾᪿيǾቧ̚Ǿ ާްǾᅽఙǾး˰ᴻ ǽʉɮᴷȈႱȽɕɁȾߑ߁ȉȈщͶᄑˁጽ᮷˿Ᏺᄑˁ ᪨ᄑȽᐎțȟژటȺǾఝ఼ɛɝɕးɁɎșȟ Ȩɟɞǿρ̷ᄑȽȞȞɢɝɁȟҬɗศɛɝТа ȨɟɞȉȈߴ̋͂ଡ଼ȺɂፏߦᄑȽఏिɥऐȗȹȝɜȭǾ ρȁ̷ȟᒲґȟᤣɦȳଡ଼țȾिșȉȈᒲґɥऐȢ˿ए ȬɞȦȻɂߵȽȢǾٍ֚Ɂ९ɗᒲɜɁᇋ͢ᄑ٥ͱɥ ୖȾᥓਁȬɞȉȈ९ขްɂ᪡࠙ᄑˁ˹܄ᪿ൏ᄑȽ ൏ݏɁ˩ȺᚐɢɟɞȉȈ˨Ɂᐐɂ৮যȢǾ˩Ɂᐐɂ ˨ɁᐐȾߦȪȹୢɥșȉȈ߂֤ȻᤆȾɛȶȹпȹ ȟขɔɜɟȹȗɞȻᐎțɞȲɔǾ఼߬ȾߦȪȹщͶᄑ Ƚ̙ລɥȹɞȦȻɂȽȗȉȈρ̷Ɂᇋ͢ᄑ٥ͱɂȰ Ɂ̷ɁഈȾɛȶȹȺɂȽȢǾ߂֤ᴥɵʵʨᴦɁፀ ȻᐎțɜɟȹȗɞȉᴹᪿيǾԦᝩǾᅽఙᴻ ǽɑȲǾ R.T. Moranᴥ±¹¹±ᴦǾպᴥ²°°¶ᴦȾȝȤɞᩜ ᣵȬɞᜤᣖɥ˹ّȻʣʒʔʪȾȷȗȹျȬɟɃǾඒ ɁᣮɝȺȕɞǿ ǽ˹ّᴷȈՋ߈ȨȾඑȤǾ˪ᅩȽɕɁȺȕȶȹɕǾ ȾَȨɟȲɕɁɥျᜓȬɞȦȻȟȺȠɞȉȈ˹ّ Ɂ̬ຒᐐɂষɥ᚜ȾҋȪȹඒɁਖ਼ɥߔᅺȨɟɞɛș ȽȦȻɂȪȽȗȉȈ˹ّ୫ȟୣԛࢳȾɕɢȲɞධխ ɥધȶȹȝɝǾዢ̷ّɛɝɕᩋఙᄑȽȾȶȹȗ ɞȻȗșȦȻɥȪȶȞɝᝓឧȬɌȠȉȈȞȷȹɁ˹ّ ȺɂǾႆ๊ȟȕɑɝȾȾɛȶȹҤȨɟǾୈᥓȨɟ ȹȗȲȲɔǾஒɁ൏ݏᪿيȾᒲґᒲᡵɥնȮɞȦȻ ȟఊɕᛵȨɟȲȉȈষڨȟʒʍʡȾͤɢɞɑȺȾᩋ ȗ֤͎ጕፋɥȲȼɜȽȤɟɃȽɜȽȗȉȈᄾਖ਼ɛɝɕ ጽຑᄑȽҟᄬɥीɞȲɔȾǾ˹̷ّɂ『ܵԦȮȭ』Ȼ ȗșϯɝɁʶʒʴʍɹɥɛȢႊȗɞȉȈܑጙɁ˹Ⱦֆ ɑɟȹȗȽȗکնȺɕǾᒲґᤎɂί឴ɥՙȤɞȦȻȟ ȺȠɞȻȗșᝓឧȉȈ˹̷ّɂሶུɁܑጙᆍȾᄽᬂ ȪȹɕӦɂȪȽȗǿˁˁมȟ۰ɢɟɃǾն̜ᬱ ɥᆍȬɞȦȻɂᓦȢȕɞȦȻȺȕɞȉᴹ൏ݏǾᪿيǾ ቧ̚ǾᩋఙǾʴʃɹǾᇣඕǾᯚɽʽʐɷʃʒǾρҝᴻ ǽʣʒʔʪᴷȈКଡ଼ɂǾʣʒʔʪ̷ɁᐎțȻͤፋȾ ۾ȠȽफᬭɥ˫țȹȠȲǿධխᄑȾɂǾఊ۾ȺɕȶȻ ɕᛵȽޭଡ଼ɂ͂ଡ଼Ⱥȕɞǿˁˁˁʣʒʔʪ̷Ɂ ·°ᴢ ȟ͂ଡ଼ȾऐȗफᬭɥՙȤȹȗɞǿȉȈࣈɁጽຑኍɂ ʓɮʬɮᴥᬆᴦȺȕɝǾȰɁᚐɂٌᫍɥͧȶȹȗ ɞȟǾ۰ᬆȟ॒ᛵȺȕɞȻȗșࣈɁᦉɂɜȞȺ ȕɞǿȉȈʣʒʔʪɂǾ۹ୣɁྒ॑ȺሥᄑȽʝʂʗʃ ʞ˂ʡʵɥȪȹȝɝǾȨɜȾȦɁറȽඕᄑȽәЄ ӌȾӏțȹǾʣʒʔʪɂറȁȽۿུໃɥધȶȹȗ ɞǿȉȈͅɁКଡ଼୫ԇٚȻպȫറȾǾʣʒʔʪȾȝȗȹ ɂᯚᳮᐐȟࢠȾ߰ୢȨɟɞǿˁˁˁࢳᥓɁጽ؆ᐐɂǾ ጽ᮷Ⱦߋɒ᠊ȢǾ߰ୢȨɟɞɌȠߦ៎ȻȪȹɢɟ
±± ɞǿȉȈࢍکጽຑɁᄉࠕȻȻɕȾǾʣʒʔʪɁጽ؆ᐐɗ ʝʂʗʃʞ˂ʡʵɂǾ̷ᩖᩜΡȳȤȽȢґᄑȽᐎț ɥધȴܿɔȹȗɞȟǾȪȞȪǾ៎ᄑȽʵ˂ʵȾژ ȸȢᚐӦɛɝɕǾ̷ᩖᩜΡɥɛɝȬɞȦȻȾ۰ɢ ɝɂȽȗǿȉȈॖขްȾȕȲȶȹɂǾࢠȾɁȦȻ ȟॡᭀȾȕɞǿʣʒʔʪ̷ɂ९ขްȾȕȲɝǾࢠȾ ᒲґɁȾȻȶȹͷȟˢႭʣʃʒȽɁȞɥᐎțȹข ȬɞȉȈȟʣʒʔʪᇋ͢ɁژటԨͱɥഫȪȹ ȗɞǿȟާпɥίᜳȬɞȻȻɕȾǾаᇔࡄઙȟ ɥ۾ҒȾȬɞໃȻɕȽȶȹȗɞǿȉȈࢍکጽຑɋɁሉ ᚐɂǾ̷ȁȾറȁȽભɁൡ͢ɥ૬ΖȪȹȗɞȟǾˢ ȺӎᐐȻ܅ᐐȟᆬȾᄉႆȬɞȽȼǾ̷ȁȾ۾ ȠȽ˪ާɥႆȯȪɔȹȗɞȦȻɕ̜Ⱥȕɞǿȉᴹᪿ يǾʴʃɹǾᇣඕǾᯚɽʽʐɷʃʒᴻ Վᐎ୫စᴥᴥ˨ᴦᴥ˩ᴦцᣮᴦ
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in China, Reed Academic Publication Asiaᴥ͍ႎ᤺ί ᄶᜭˁႎ˹ˢԩˁɵɹɸʱɰʒʽᜭȊ˹ّɁʝʂʗʃ ୫ԇȋҋ࿂ᆅǽ²°°± ࢳᴦ ާሥୖȊৰᝩ౼ȺɒȲ˹ڜˁ˹ߴ͙ഈɁɬʂɬҋ ႩȈбȻ᪒ȉȋஓҔࡾഈᐨ ²°±´ ࢳ ࠨ̢ފˁڕຈᅺׄˁ۾᩸ףഈ۾ޙ JGSS ᆅሱʅʽʉ˂ Ȋʑ˂ʉȺɞూɬʂɬɁϧ࣐Ȼᇋ͢źూɬʂɬᇋ ͢ᝩ౼Ⱦɛɞஓᬤ˹իɁᢎȄ³ȅȋʔɵʕʁʮҋ࿂ǽ ²°±³ ࠨ̢ފˁ˨ႎбˁ۾᩸ףഈ۾ޙ JGSS ᆅሱʅʽʉ˂ Ȋʑ˂ʉȺɞూɬʂɬɁ୫ԇȻΙϏᜊźూɬʂᇋ ͢ᝩ౼Ⱦɛɞஓᬤ˹իɁᢎȄ²ȅȋʔɵʕʁʮҋ࿂ ²°±² ࠨ̢ފˁίႎ႒Ȋʑ˂ʉȺɞూɬʂɬɁᜊ źూɬʂɬᇋ͢ᝩ౼Ⱦɛɞஓᬤ˹իɁᢎȋʔɵʕʁ ʮҋ࿂ ²°°¹ юࠞȊّ᪨ᇋ͢Ȼʝʂʗʃ୫ԇȋޙ୫ᇋǽ±¹¹· ࢳ ነණ᪽Ȉஓ˹ʝʂʗʃɁɵʵʋʭ˂ɸʭʍʡȉᴥµ وʁ ʴ˂ʄᴦȊɬʂɬˁʨ˂ɻʍʒʶʝʯ˂ȋ²°°¶.°¹.±µ, pp³°-³±, ԇޙࡾഈᣮαᇋǽ²°±¶ ͅ ࿁Тˁᬳ០ъފȊʕʯ˂ʃȺɢȞɞʲ˂ʷʍʛյّ ȋᔯ९ᇋǽ²°±´ ࢳ ᣲ̜өᕻȊɬʂɬ ´µ ɵّɁّॴȋPHP ᆅሱǽ ²°±µ ࢳ ᣮ፱ᆅȊ˰ႜ˿ᛵّΙϏᜊʑ˂ʉʠʍɹȋպՓᮁǽ ²°°¸ ࢳ ᣮ፱ᆅˁஓటʴɿ˂ʋʅʽʉ˂Ȋ˰ႜ ¶° ɵّ ΙϏ ᜊʑ˂ʉʠʍɹȋպՓᮁǽ²°°´ ࢳ ԩޙȦȳɢɝϘഒȊّॴɁᤏȗȟɂȶȠɞɢȞɞ టȋธҋంᐨǽ²°±± ࢳ ൞ྲ۾˧Ȋ˰ႜȟɢȞɞޭଡ଼ᇋ͢ޙоᩌȋኊంǽ ²°°¶ ࢳ ᮗᠰগᏩފˁಜջᏲᕻˁႱ୫ԇጽ؆Ԧ͢ᕻȊႱ୫ԇ ጽ؆Ɂ˰ႜᴪȰɁျᝲȻᡇȋᄌಕంǽ²°±³ ࢳ ᮗᠰগᏩފȊʊɮʚ˂ʁʐɭˁʨʗʂʫʽʒȻႱ୫ԇጽ ؆ȋᝲǽ²°±± ࢳ ᮗᠰগᏩފȊႱ୫ԇጽ؆ᝲɁࠕᩒȋޙ୫ᇋǽ²°°° ࢳ ᅊ᧾ˢխȈɬʂɬȾȝȤɞޭଡ଼ឧȻͤፋᄑȽΙϏᜊᴪ ّ᪨ᢎᝩ౼Ɂʑ˂ʉґȉȊࠞ፱ն୫ԇኍޙȋ ´(²)ǽᣮࢊ (µ), pp³²¶-³´µ, ࠞޙ۾ޙǽ²°±² ర˨ᓦȊ˰ႜޭଡ଼̜ъȋផᝬᇋǽ²°°° ࢳ շరቛȊȬȣȾमȷ˹̷ّȻșɑȢȷȠȕșᡇʐɹ ʕʍɹȋ፱նศ͎ҋ࿂ǽ²°±° ࢳǽቼ ± ቛ շ˧ˁᓱ̢ຏ̄ˁ̝᪡ڛாᇑ Ȋɬʂɬˁ܀ࢲู ΙϏᜊّ᪨ᢎᝩ౼ᴪ୫ԇ۹റͶɁፋᇼޙᄑᜓᴪ ፱նڨ֖ంȋፋୣျᆅሱǽ²°±µ ࢳ շ˧Ȋၥ܀ࢲูΙϏᜊّ᪨ᢎᝩ౼ᴪూɬʂɬ֚ᣃ ចّɁαᭅɁፋᇼޙᄑᜓᝢᴪ፱նڨ֖ంȋፋୣ ျᆅሱǽ²°±° ࢳ շ˧ȊూɬʂɬΙϏᜊّ᪨ᢎᝩ౼ᴪూɬʂɬɁα ᭅɁፋᇼޙᄑᜓᝢᴪ፱նڨ֖ంȋፋୣျᆅሱǽ ²°°¸ ࢳ
