フェルミ衛星による活動銀河ジェット観測の新展開

全文

(1)./01) ῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῎.

(2) . . .

(3) . 169ῌ8555 3ῌ4ῌ1. e-mail: [email protected]. . . . . . 739ῌ8526 . ! 1ῌ3ῌ1. e-mail: [email protected]. Lukasz STAWARZ. !. "#$%&'()*"# e-mail: [email protected]. $. %. &. ". #. 252ῌ5210 +,-./012345 3ῌ1ῌ1. e-mail: [email protected]. '. SLAC 6789:. Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysis and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory,. 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA e-mail: [email protected]. on Behalf of the Fermi LAT Collaboration

(4)

(5) )*#+,- ./012345678#9:; <=. !"#$%&'(. >?@ABCD. EFGH

(6) IJ# KLMNOPQRS#TUV W/XYZ[\]^_Z>Q6O` a

(7) A6b+6- W/XY#:cdef5@#ghb5ijkbA'( elm#nao5 pqrs>tuvwOxyeaz+5+,- ob> {|}0 F~ A >,v vwo 200 L na 0 #\>]^_Z>Oek

(8) h#eo5+,-. 1. ()*+, -./012343 56. ~L GcQ k pM V WO @FCOA GY=>O 100 Q ^Cqrs ;<=>cO'. ;<=>?@"#ABCDEF GHIJKLM. @ 1910 ^qAOqrV abc. NOPFQ RSOTUAV WOXYZ[MN. deLJ ¡nY¢~£PrO G¤¥. O\@V 1]^_EàbcdeLJfOgh. ()QV WCWCc})¥rE~@¦. ijklmnopFqrs Zt=>Oukvw@. G~§¥QV wO¨©^ªF«JO¨©Y¬. MNkxyzV _EF@Wo{|OHIJKL}. }UO G®¯°L()QV ±²Y³´. 486. Rµ¶·. 2010 8 ¶.

(9) ῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῎ ῍ῌ῏῎ῑῐ. 1)

(10) . ] K+@O ÎMC2.

(11)

(12) . _D*` Large Area Telescope (LAT) . . EGRET D*48 6 a Sb NFc. 2) !"# $% (Auger) &. Kd8 1/5O BMeC2T K1. '()*+,%- . GeV 0.8 TO 1EI 20 MeV gM 300 GeV . " #

(13) .!/ 0. N)*+,%fd%w1N7). 1!23) 3" 4!5 . QCt8 75(NgT9:;h.

(14) .#"6$%1&7. 1/6=" N. . 8. 9:;<'%1-=! 1990 (>: ?:@ (CGRO: Compton Gamma-Ray Obser-. jQV. 6g[gMNUV%W%tH i -1FQ!E0!8 . vatory) @ ) A B C 2 EGRET (Energetic. +@ 11 700 1s

(15) .1. Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope) D*4 271. D* EGRET 10 m+F2J. E MeVῌGeV 9:;1+F GHI. - 10 a1jN8) klmnj8.

(16) .24) K#. R!j UV%W% Ko BL Lac !. EGRET L, BM-J ./BC5. Flat Spectrum Radio QSO; FSRQO 2 . N O P01NQ! RST5 UV%. 56

(17) 2Gw%

(18) 2b. W%!XYC2Z N[\ ]34^. `% %b

(19) 9)j QCpMC5N. 56

(20) [C[C'E#_:à. N ¡¢£%wb¤ Eqr2 +. +bc A KCen A: d7 8 1,200 9eO :Hf. @D*29:;s¥t. 5D*BC2gh !NHijN;k U. 5 u¦1vtw1§xy"BN. 66 J 1E 5). N. V%W%lN<m= !nN>?@AB12. ¨+% X z 9:;. C! DEo%p IqHj[C[CF. %b 2©{9:;5Ebu. -1-"2G;k1E. !rsMC. +| LAT ª%pt5L. EGRET t'"UV%ub+% . -}~ +BC5N10)ῌ14)

(21) .E.

(22) HE 1vI2N;wx%JK. . !" NGC 1275, 3C279, Cen A 56. 9:;'Eyz%ABQ!. «%U/¬®.<¯+. ]+F^ 2 56gM9:; 20 {. 1N BM'#u ]~"^ @. [2L6M<' |}BC B~JN. !z°2.<<' ±!N®1 ². 6). UV%W% O@PQ#BCQ. 8 GT5}~N5u¬. ! [g562 GRS EGRET . K³ 1v Ó tµBC. TL"UV%W%1lNUeH KV. 2 JAXA Top Young Fellow BC2¬¶. O g!MsMC 2bu+ V. (Stawarz) }~!5,1·%. <m=j W#XY g81. ¸2Q!2T6 ¹º+. ZQ![2. @t5Fs562

(23) . 6). 2..

(24) . 2008 6 I1\5+9:; 103 ½. 8¦. NPQ. N5 »wb¼N2. 2.1. . . +@t

(25) .¬ 3C 487.

(26) ῍ῌ῏῎ῑῐ ῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌ῍. 1. )L6 LAT A B 3C454.4 W 2008 7 M 1 n 3 NM,

(27) )6 + TUV Q 2 GeV ei+5@W n c16). 454.3

(28)

(29) . 8u3< z{@ G<|9H S=. 70 (z0.859) . +D,

(30) 3c0$4}+ 'RU~3'(). LAT . U U-./

(31) "qDrpA. !"

(32) . #$ %&' ( ) * +,

(33) -./

(34) 0. B m (PKS0208512, Q0827243, PKS. 4 1 234

(35) 56 . 1127145, PKS1510089, 3C454.3) , --. 7 8 0 9 : ; 0 ; <15) 3 C 454.3 .

(36)

(37) 17) P m.Q. FSRQ = > ? @ A B 1 C 3 <. /. EGRET ,

(38) D 1 EF; GH +3. 1'+\ 2 n

(39) +;. I-

(40) +8=3

(41) JK. = D[\tQ. 1 )L6 2008 7 M 1 3 N M O. ,

(42) Xf@

(43) f 3C454.3 +\. PQRS. ;A B (FSRQ) TUV Q. ,

(44)

(45) 3C454.3 TUV. A B .0-u d;=. W-X

(46) < ,

(47) ./Y+. 1 )6 X<K+34 +5@W n. Z O[\;0; <. f@

(48) 5@W. 16). PQRS]. n6a3 d. 2^

(49) _`

(50) GaH =bc. ¢/u , 7£. < ! F ; = d ) = c ? MJD 3 54,714. ¦83< §9f@:¨. [day] <. e6 1/10 fg

(51) 0;. 3C454.3 !hijklf@0;. 1¡. ¤=¥c9; ©¤. 3ª;5@W n-m ; «;¬</ 16). :1®+. ¯°U± U²=. < m n Dop3+9"qDr;. f@ ¨>

(52) ³´35@W. 0 G[s# H A B -kl

(53) $t'. +\ ;9m? @µf@0; < -. +,

(54). 3n ´¶. "u0v%=+n

(55) . EGRET D& A B '(),

(56) - wT =<= +p@? TUV!hy 488. nc. 18). 2.2.

(57) . *x3

(58) f. PQRSAB·´ :(%v¸. =c@+. ¨

(59) 0 X C¹uºD+)»¼½ EMF. 2010 8 M.

(60) ῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῎ ῍ῌ῏῎ῑῐ. 2. 3C279 dª«b!¢ E¬b! 19 3®I 2(D LAT ¯67 89a;9 E1 I KL°TOPQRHST E2 I Swift ±² XRT ³´µN RXTE ±² PCA ³´µ¯ X 9a;9 E3 I _`¶7· (R-band) a;9 E4 I af£¤ X E5 I ¸9"¹ ?@e5 afUºh YZMN(.

(61) 2 . zg 3C 279 b!-M{"|. 3C279 (z0.536) 1

(62) . MN} > ~ *"k(. !" #$%& '()

(63) . nR Yn E

(64) lI j . *+, -. /0 20 12*+34. `9N)f XC(2:; j-.

(65) 5 6789:; 10 <=. wLqM Nxy . . 19). >)?@ABCD E1 . U(=(W( ]. FGHI J>KLMN?@5=OPQR. NM" )>N=6789OP. HST EKLI UNVW X YZ [V E2 . QRH?@5" X ' )Z, MN . I \D] ^Z_àb!" 6. FSRQ "=c)b!D BBi. 789Ncd

(66) ?@CD E4 . ?@ afgh BL Lac. I ?@e5 af 180 ;=gh. "=\ YZ _` a-Z

(67). YZMN(i

(68) E5 I M ". nR=r Z@. BL Lac X 9:; jkOPQRH X. " z|BZY MN". (D

(69) lmnQoHp. ¡ ¢ FSRQ BL Lac K£. 0.01ῌ0.1 a"qMi r Zstuv?. ¤ j¥¦O§H¨ZMN©D YZ. @-wLqMNxyD YL

(70) (. M

(71) lmnQoH(D*Z. » 103 ¼. »8½. 489.

(72) ῍ῌ῏῎ῑῐ ῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῎. 3. LAT uvªP«#5|1}~ef0/NGC 1275 N¬&GHI O P® ¯, ' 3 mn>_p 11 m n_pQ> 95°O±², R ³Íµ¶H·h& 0.4ῌ8.0 keV X Í22),. 4. LAT Puvb 5S>T BL Lac: S FSRQ: ¸ #$ef ¹º GH IM

(73) »¼|1½,J¥,.

(74) BL Lac . j&+ , NGC1275 */|1}~ef0. . 1y2efP #$P|1}~. . !"# $%

(75) &. '() *

(76) &+ ,. A (3 C 84) : 3 E 3 @ 5 P , EGRET P 10 +8;P 4Euvb Q. -(./

(77) 2 3 0123. RP:5, ef0rI 5. 45 , X 6

(78) 78. $ ef06PIp7. 9:3

(79) ;<4=>?. 8 4E:pqrGHIP&.

(80) 2@ AMJD54950 BC, DEF4. K9:&+ !E;# :521), :. X =>?7GHIJKLMN#3. : :<6

(81) =3 EGRET P. OP 42@ QR, S>T. >uvP4?bP&+ YE 10. U. !.

(82) VW35+X. +pq1P 1 @

(83) GHI

(84) .M:. P YEUZ

(85) [/\ P [/\ . ;A?P4 QR, j +U. ]. Z 10 M+sbE :5

(86) 3 ef0. ^_1!E àb c5d. "W , 2.3. .

(87) 5!BPE #$ef.

(88) AGN . @UCb , (;P . . ,mn5D78

(89) uvb . #$ef@GHIU%2 =1 gh&

(90) 5@:5i %2/jP, ;. 5GHI E¡ NGC1275 N#3E/ F

(91) + :5 3,22). k l @ 3 m n 7 ' P ( o Cen A NGC. ¢ef£G/HI]W #$efS. 1275, )j FR-I pqr#$ef

(92) P 10s. >T¤<P&+ . st*

(93) Puvb 20) 1 +w5xy . J¥¦@2§¨#$ef ©KLM. ,-z""# 10 {(( P.Wj. @2

(94) S>TVW@ 23), 4. 490. TnU. 2010 + 8 n.

(95) ῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῎ ῍ῌ῏῎ῑῐ. 3.

(96) U|()'. Cen A ') }~ A**;)->+% ( /

(97) +p . !"! :^. !~+ ,:%p 0.01ῌ0.1 - l. m ]^/0%p+% ( 51 3

(98) 4]^ Z23-. ^ ^ k:Z/jk4

(99) % O) .J!#

(100) .89i35%+ 5. NGC 1275 # IJ JQRNOST:8.±^ ( X²@:8.T!³( ´)iCY Z[%z\µ 21 ¶]( d!e ) 2·3 ¸ !"! 10 ¹ # bBj !"!º»!³!#DE %pb.(. '24)( #*: Cen A 200 6-:&q .7 iJ!&c/#)#k

(101) p0> Z7 8 50 9:&+'( :jk ; 1J!; 10 'j k <?: 20 97 :i>+'( /

(102) + =8 l-'jm l'*m >?.

(103) . #% @jkAJ!jk X. . !"!. );cjpb+')25) /

(104) kI. (FSRQ, BL Lac) # $% &'( . JJ'.) B. ) * + ),-./. JCMNOPDE. #00123

(105) 4 567'.8. vw# <k

(106) pb+'( x¡F. 9 : ; < + '( 5 : = ' # 0 > ? @ NGC. ¢p Cen A 7J!jk £) . 1275 BL Lac #A*B. );cj>+% 26)( 6 :='). CDE% FGH!IJJ. ¤ ¥>.bG¦)>. KFGH!L:8.MNO. ?4H~]^:8. I#. P#'.IJJQRNOS. J:K 3)J!jk'(. TUV'./#)W' ( BL Lac. X #L: J!&BJ. 8>&IJJ MNO. CDE# <k

(107) +')24) Z. X!Y)Z

(108) [

(109) 1 \*;<+. §M'.#/¨.j:N©ªO'( i«. ') /

(110) ]^;_1àb c+>. ik X 100 MeV jk 1 GeV $. d!e) b#fg'.#hi*. PFGH!bjk-> /

(111). )W'( %j%i)k NGC1275 . kQ¬'./#i* J!R :. 10 erg/s &-> &%/

(112) l]^. £)./#)+'( c+> b ¥]^. !jkm ;.# 10 erg/s :&"'.n'(. S

(113) ) ^^jkT®. /89i.b BL Lac b+o#k

(114) p. % Zyr*>#J!R :+¯U. 0kn bqr. s !"!I!tu6) #. # <.)QV'( 51 . &5$%ibvw'( 3

(115) 4 5:. 'FGH! 100 GeV jk 1 TeV #°. cbp xy&%zi&{)'

(116) +'(. ¢pK* J!R :£)>.W:Q. 21). 44. 48. ^ 103 ¼. ^8½. 491.

(117) ῍ῌ῏῎ῑῐ ῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌῌ῍. ³6. LAT _`'(1´SQµP¶ A ".SK ! ·":+;¸¹iM"\ 7SKj <º=º»¼1 !0?"j.

(118) . ySK"$ Q}~"%.

(119) . A,&+1:+t. !" #. . $%&'()*+,-. ''(1 (? \()".

(120) ./ 0# 123 "/+45. D4 j*"+,:+P,-(. 6"7%&'(" 809

(121). / 8 ghs WX'?. :;<=/6 >?( @"23 %& /. S, .yPN". A BC(1D4,E1F%&,. /00?!qrE"1_{21(. G'H

(122) Auger 7IJK.

(123) 0"s (H 1 )". "L Cen A MNOPQRST. [¡gh0?#SKj_`'(. +#U'(V WX

(124)

(125) . V (? fghi"3¢#£,. ,YZE+

(126) . 4 2'(

(127) IX Cen A ".. 3). SK. 4. ῌ ῏ ῎ ῍. !"5> ¤A:+¥¦§R. ¨

(128) %&E"5> m 67©ª?(. [\]^; LAT _à bcdeX 1 . 1 2 «8/F%& ¬ JK%&". 700 ,

(129) fghi0?"j,?. #/9+® m,¯°

(130) "0#(H. )$:+kl,dem

(131) (. WX#[\]^;7 fghi":. nop'(1!qrEs#. 1/±²:?0/2'(

(132) . [qtuv1( "wxy. ,z!. _{

(133) "#m|

(134) 3C279 "}~ 492. >½?. 2010 8 ½.

(135) ῎῎῎῎῎῎῎῎῎῎῎῎῎῎῎῎῎῎῎῎῎῎῎῎῎῎῎῎῎῎῎῎῎῎῎῎῎῎῎῎῎῏ ῍ῌ῏῎ῑῐ. ῎῍῏ῌ 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10). 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25) 26). Harris D. E., Krawcynski H., 2006, ARA&A 44, 463 Hillas A. M., 1984, ARA&A 22, 425 The Pierre Auger Collaboration, 2007, Science 318, 938 Hartman R. C., et al., 1999, ApJS 123, 79 Casandjian J-M., Grenier I. A., 2008, A&A 489, 849

(136) 2002, 95, 373 2010, 103, 314 Abdo A. A., et al., 2010, ApJ 715, 429 Fermi-LAT Collaboration, 2010, 103, 374 !" #$%& #'(" ) * Fermi-LAT Collaboration, 2010, 103, 438 '+,- ./0- 1234 56 FermiLAT Collaboration, 2010, 103, 324 #'(" ./0- 56 FermiLAT Collaboration, 2010, 103, 430 789: Fermi-LAT Collaboration, 2010, 103, 366 8;< =8>? #$%& @ABC FermiLAT Collaboration, 2010, 103, 315 http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/ 2008/26aug῍firstlight/ Abdo A. A. et al., 2010, ApJ 699,817 Abdo A. A., et al., 2010, ApJ 716, 835 Finke J. D., Dermer C. D., 2010, ApJ 714, L303 Abdo A. A., et al., 2010, Nature 463, 919 Abdo A. A., et al., 2010, ApJ 700, 597 Abdo A. A., et al., 2010, ApJ 699, 31 Kataoka J., et al., 2010, ApJ 715, 554 2005, 98, 680 Kataoka J., Stawarz L., 2005, ApJ 622, 797 #D E FGHI 2004, 97, 400 Fermi-LAT Collaboration, 2010, Science 328 725. J 103 K. J8L. Recent Highlights from AGN Observations with Fermi-LAT Jun KATAOKA Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3ῌ4ῌ1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169ῌ8555, Japan Yasushi FUKAZAWA Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1ῌ3ῌ1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739ῌ8526, Japan Lukasz STAWARZ and Rie SATO Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, JAXA, 3ῌ1ῌ1 Yoshino-dai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252ῌ 5210, Japan Masaaki HAYASHIDA Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA on Behalf of the Fermi LAT Collaboration Abstract : About a half of gamma-ray sources detected with the Fermi-LAT are blazars, a sub-category of AGN characterized with rapid time variability and non-thermal emission. Thanks to excellent sensitivity and wide field-of-view, the Fermi-LAT enables for the first time a non-bias survey of blazars even in their quiescent state. Simultaneous monitoring of the optical polarization also provides brand-new knowledge on internal structure and particle acceleration in the jet. The gamma-ray emission from about 10 radio galaxies have been discovered to date, providing new challenges to the unification theory of the AGN. Detection of gamma-ray emission from giant radio lobes in Centaurus A may suggest a possible association with the highest energy cosmic-ray and importance of turbulent acceleration in the intergalactic space.. 493.

(137)