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Division of Basic Medical Science, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan

Department of Dermatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan

Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan

Department of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan

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