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1 4 3

こ ■ 二

PAKOBHHHA 只 Kyt I A OXOTCKO H K yJ l bTyPbI HA OCTPOBE U HKOTAH

( K I IPOBA E州 A州 3THH LI EC KO 白 H CTOP HH K yP H n bCKHX O CTPOBOB).

A . B . CI l eBaKOBCKI 嫡

CpeAH MHOrHX npO6J I eM 9TH l 4 t l eCKO拐 HCTOPHH a抗HCI ( OrO 9THOCa OCO6oe MeCTO 3aHHMal DT erO B3aHMOOTHOI l l eHH5 l C HOCHTeJ I 只MI 4 0XOTCKOf i KyJ I bTyPbI , KOTOpa月 只BHJ I aCb pe3yJ l bTaTOM C J I H兄HHf I MeCTHO弟 HeOJ I HTHt l eCK0品 KyJ I bTypbI C KyJ I bTyPHbI MH TpaAHI I m MH nPl 4 t l l J I OrO HaCeJ I eHt 胴 . I l0月BJ I eHl 4 e 9TOf i KyJ l bTypb1 6bI J 1 0 06ycJ I OBJ I eHO HOB0月 BOJ I HO拐 HHO9TH H t lHO rO HaCeJ l eHH月, I l p OHI 4 Kl nerO Ha

py6exe HOBO疏 9 p blHa OCTpOBHbl e Tep p HTOp H H naJ I hHerO BocTOKa H3 MaTepH K O‑

BbI X Pa疏oHOB CeBepH O f iA3HH. 州 HrpauHH Ha OCTpOBa CeBePa THXOOKeaHeI ( Oro 6acc蕗Ha C KOHTHHeHTa 6bl J I H B O6Ⅰ 七H X L I ePTaX e AF I HOBPeMeHHbI MH r T POHHKHOBeHH f O B 知 oHHf O I I PeAI ( OB COBpeMeHHbl X 兄 nOHl ユeB, OCyul eCTBJ l 只BuleMyCf I B OCHOBHO白 MaCCe t l epe3 I tope触 KH拐 noJ l yOCTpOB B I OrO‑ 3aI l aAHbl e pa疏oHbI aPXHneJ I a r a, H 3aBL I CeJ M,Ot l eBHA0,OT P5 7 且a OAHHX H TeX X e ReMOrPad ) m ecK1 4 X M 9THHt l eCXHX I l pOueCCOB BO BHyTpeHHHX O6J I aCT只Ⅹ A3HaTCKOrOKOHTHHeHTa. KoHTaKTbla6opH‑

reHHbl X a琉HCKHX XHTeJ l e拐 C npeACTaBHTeJ l f T MH MaTePHKOBbI X O6I l 廿I OCTe自 6bI J I H AOBOJ I bHO AJ MTeJ I bHbl MH, HOCHJ M CJ I O) KHb l f i xapaKTeP I イ OKa3aJ M BJ I H月HHe Ha AaJ l bHe 白山 ee ㊥opMHpOBaHHe H pa3BHTHe J l OKaJ l bHbl X rpynn a触 cl ( Oro 9THOCa.

0XoTCt ( a只 KyJ I bTyPa I l OJ l yqHJ I aPaCr l pOCTpaHeHHe C KOHI ユa 1TbI C. AO H. 9.

no I I TbI C. H. 9. Ha CaxaJ I HHe, CeBepe XoKI ( a触 o H KypHJ l bCKt l X OCTPOBaX.

3apo〉 KReHHe OXOTCKO貞 KyJ l bTypbI Hat l aJ 1 0Cb Ha CaxaJ I HHe, m e OTMet l eHbl ee HaH60J l ee PaHHHe naMf I THHKH,OTHOC只I nHeCf lK r l OCJ l eAHHM BeKaM AO HOBOf i9pbI ( BacHJ I beBCKH 勘 「oJ I y6eB,1976) . BoJ l ee nO3AHHe CTO兄HKH 6bI J I H OTMeqeHblHa XoKKaj 祖 o H KypHJ I aX. Ha XoKKa触 o OHH AaTHP y r OTC只 B OAHHX pa60TaX I l pHMe‑

pHO 3‑12 BB.H. 9.( A i kens,H i guchi ,1982) ,B APyrHX ‑ 5‑13 BB.H. 9.( CHMnO‑

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Ho cHTeJ I H OXOTCf く 0貞 KyJ I bTyPb 川 r T PeRKH a占HOBCTO5 7 J I Hr T PH6J I H3HTeJ I bHOHa OAHOM H TOM ) Ⅹe ypOBHe CO I IHaJ I bHOl 9KOHOMHt l eCKOrO pa3BHT 掴 . CTOJ I KHOBeHH S l Me X Ay HHMH Ha 9THHL I eCK0 品 noqBe, BO3MO) KHO, r T POHCXO AHJ I H, HO B O6uleM oTHOl 山eHH 5 1 0ⅩOTueB H npeRKOB af i HOB HOCI 4 J M XaPaKTeP COCyul eCTBOBaH I 偶 1 4 B3aHMOB J l H升HH5 1KyJ I bTyp. CB HAeTeJ l bCTBOM 9TOMy ‑ napaJ l J l eJ l bHOe Pa3BHTl 4e B

1 Tbl C.H. 9.B Te X X e paf i oHaX KyJ l bTypbICal l yMOH,XOTOpyI O yt l eHbl e Hel 1 0Cpe‑

RCTBeHHO CB月3bJ BaE OT C ApeBHea崩HeKO貞 06u HOCTbH). . 帆 o ) xeT 6bL Tb , HMeHHO I I O9TOMy B HeKOTOPbI X BapHaHTaX OXOTCKa月 KyJ I bTyPa 6bI J I a 6J l l 4 3Ka K KyJ I bTyPe npeAKOB a 荊 HOB A3さMOH. 州 HOrHe 9J I eMeHTbI9THX Tpa AHuHf inot l T H HReHTHqHbl . OT I l peAKOB a白HOB OXOTI lbI ,Ot l eB MAHO,3aHMCTBOBaJ I H r T P OH3BOACTBO KePaMHKH, BHe C只 B 9Ty TpaAHl l HI O CBOH OCO6eHHOCTH ( cM. :◎yA3HMOTO, 1966;OH, 1973;

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cKO 前 npHHaAJ I e〉 KHOCTHHOCl 4 TeJ I e員oxoTCKO白KyJ I bTyPbI ,r T PT I L I J eA I l l HX B COnpHKOCHO ‑

BeHHe C nPeAI ( aM H af i HOB. OAHaKO AaHHa f l r I pO6J I eMa qpe3Bbl t l af i HO CJ I O) KHa

r 7 0TOMy,L I TO J I OKaJ I bHbl e BapHaHTbIOXOTCI ( 0拐 I ( yJ l bTypbIAO HaCTO5 7 L uerO BpeMeHH

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PAKOBHHHA只 Kyt l A OXOTCKOH KyJ l bTyPbIHA OCTPOBEuHKOTAH145

ueJ I OCTHy1 0 KaPTHHy aHTpOnOJ l OrHqeCXOrO COCTaBa HOCHTeJ l ef i oxoTCKO員 KyJ l bTypb l , paCnpOCTPaHeHH 只 H Pa3Bt l TH 5 1 I ( yL mbTypHbl X TPaAHuH抗 oxoTI leB.

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PAKOBHHHA只Kyt l AOXOTCKOHK yJ l b TyPb lHAOCTPOBE ul HKOTAH147

PH C . 1 . 06 L uH F iB HA CTO5 I HKH MOPC I ( HX OXOTHHKOB‑ PbI 6J l 0BOB Ha OCTpOBe I nHKOTaH.

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㊥OpMblyrJ I y6J I eHH S IA HaMeTpOM OKOJ I O 7 MeTPO B H r J I y6MH O f iI I PHMePHO 2 M e T Pa, 5 ] BJ I 只B I l l erOC 只 , Ot le BHRHO , X t M H L ueM , H PaKOBHHHO自 K y qH ( T. e. MeCTa CB a J I K H nHI neBbl X OTXOAOB) A J I MHO白 oKOJ l 0 40 A I l l HpH HO琉 15 MeTPOB C Pa3HbI MH r 7 0 TO J I u HHe eJ 7 0 月MH paXOBHH ,KOCTe 崩 MOpCKHX 〟 CyXOf 7 yTHbl X X HBOTHbI X,r T Tf 叫 ,pb1 6 , HrJ I OKO 〉 K HX H T. r T .( oT 30 cM EO 2, 5 M Ol ( OJ l 0 ) K H J I M L ua).

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t l aCTHOCTH, 0 AHa H3 9THX RaT,6 J I H X a 拐 I na5 7K Haul eMy BpeMeHH,I l o a6co J I r OTHOMy BO3PaCTy paB H 5 7 eTC兄 930 ± 40 J I eT ( ne‑ 3011). TaKHM O6pa30M, MOXHO KOHCTaTI l pOBaT l) , t l TO J I E O AH Ha MeCTe CT O 5 7 HKH X H J M ,BO3MOX HO,C nepePbI BaM I 4, HO KaK MHHHMyM Ha I l pOT5 1 X eHHH 1500 J l eT,a eC J I H yt l eCTb npO6bIyr J I f IH3 CaMbI X BePXHHX CJ I OeB , AaTHPOBaHHbl X 6 J M Xa 蕗L l l HM K COBPeMeHHOCTH BpeMeHeM, TO nocJ l eAHI 4 e 2500 J I eT.

I IpH pa3BeAKe 1985 r . H HCCJ L eAOBaHH只Ⅹ 1987 r . Ha CTOf l HKe 6bI J I O o6Hapy〉 KeHO U eCTb nOrPe6eHH琉:3 My ) KC KHX , 1 Xe HCKOe , 2 A eTCKHX ( cM.PHC . 2) .

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CCCP ( H b I H e HHCTHT yT MaTePHa J I h HO良 KyJ l bTyPbl Pocc H疏c I ( Of iaKaAeMHH H ayK) .

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PAKOBHHHA只 I tyt l A OXOTCKOH K y J l bTyPbIHA OCTPOBE I nHKOTAH149

PHC. 2. CxeMaTHqHOe H306pa〉 KeHHe CT O f l HKH 1 日 l aJ l eOaHTpOnOJ 1 0 rHqeCKl 4 X HaXOAOK.

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r I J I OCKHMH KaMHf ] MH ( B A HaMeTPe OT 30 R O45 cM) , CI ( OHueHT P HPOBaHHbI MH B

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(8)

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B norpe6eHHM N92 Ha rJ I y6HHe 25‑ 30 cM 6bI J I 3aXOpOHeH MyX qHHa.

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(9)

こ ■

PAKOBHHHA 5 ]Kyt l AOXOTCI ( OHK y J l bTyPb IHAOCTPOBE l HI t OTAH1 5 1

pHC ・3・ I tocTnHhl e npeAM u eTb J H3 nO「pe6eHH 只 州 1 ( 「apnyH noBOPOTHOrO THna , Haf ( Of l et l HHZ ( 〟 KO r T HH H CTPeJ I ) .

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B coI I POBOAHTeJ I bHb l n HHBeHTapb BXOノ l HJ I H X eJ I e3HbI f i H o光 H KOCTf I HOe OpyAHe.

I lorpe6eHHe No T3 ‑ x eHCKOe ( ? ) . HaxoAHJ I OCb B 1 , 5 M OT nOrPe6eHH只

. 陸 2. CKeJ I eT,paCr l OJ I a r aB l UH f i c f IHa rJ l y6HHe 25‑30 cM OT I 1 0BepXHOCTH 3eMJ I H ,

6bI J l3aCbl r l aH CTBOPKaMH paKO BHH. AHaTOMHt l eCKH茄 r l O P f I AOK I ( OCT只Ka Hapyul eH.

nepBb l 白 L l l e貞Hb泊 no3BOHOK HaXO Al i J I C 兄 Ha yAaJ I eH l i H 40 cM OT t l epeI la. n J MHHbl e

KOCTH r T PeACTaBJ I eHI ' I 6eAPeHHbI M H, 6ep1 10Bbl MH H nJ I et l eBbI M H. CoxpaHHJ I HCb

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KOCTH, BKJ I f Ot J a f T HHX H f OK) L f eJ I r OCTb, OTCyTCTByf OT. Cy A只 。O KOHueHTpaI IHH

(10)

PHC.4.X eHCKOe I l Orpe6eHHe N93.

KOCTe員 B E OXHO蕗 t l aCTH I I Orpe6eHMf I , KOCTS I K 6bT J l nepBOl l aqaJ l bHO, Ot l eBHAHO, copeHTHpOBaH Ha CeBep ( cM.PHC.4) . CoxpaHHOCTb t l epena HeyAOBJ I eTBOPHTe‑

J I hHa5 7 . nHueBO員 oTAeJ I pa3pyl neH I I OJ I HOCTb 1 0. t lepenHa 5 ] KOpO6Ka, TeM He MeHee,l 1 0qTH He l 1 0CTpaAaJ l a ( 3a HCKJ I l 0t l eHHeM J I eB 0 品 TeMeHHOf iKOCTH).

Co I I POBOAHTeJ I bHb I 拐 HHBeHTaPb COCTOHT H3 〉 K eJ l e3HOrO HOX a ( B ueHTpe A ) oTOrPa如 H)H X eJ r e3H O 白 HrJ l bl( PMC.5).

I lorpe6eHHe No ̲4 f I BJ r 只eTC 只 AeTCKl 1M. OHO paCnOJ l araJ l OCb Ha rJ l y6HHe 10‑15 cM, OT I I OBepXHOCTH 3eMJ M. npH paCt l HCTKe 3aXOPOHeHH5 1 06HaPyXeH TOJ I bKO t l ePer l . KocTH CKeJ T eTa OTCyTCTByf OT. CyA兄 I I O nOJ I O〉 KeHHr O t l epena, KOCT只K 6bI J ICOpHeHTHpOBaH Ha CeBeP. 06J I OX eH KaMHf I MH H KOCT5 1 MH KPynHbI X MOPCKHX X HBOTHt , l X, 3aCbI r l aH eTBOpKaMH paKOBHH. CoxpaHHOCTb t l ePena HeyAOBJ I eTBOPHTeJ l bHa札 BcJ l eACTBHe TOrO,t l TO OH HaXOAMJ r Cf IHer T OCpeACTBeHHO Ha TpaCCe ryCeHHqHbI X Mal l l HH, t l epeI 1 0Ka3aJ I Cf I I I OJ I HOCTbf O pa3pyL ueHHbl M.

HHXH只見 t l e J I I OCTb I I PeACTaBJ I eHa TpeMS Id) pa r MeHTaMH. CoxpaHl 4 J I OCb HeCKOJ l bKO 3y6oB.

CoI I POBOAHTeJ l bHb I f iHHBeHTaPb ABa I pyrJ l bl X I ( OCT只Hbl X OPHaMeHTHp O‑

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PAKOBHHHA只Kyt l A OXOTCKOH K y J l bTyPbIHA OCTPOBE l J HKOTAH153

BaHHbl X AHCKa C OTBePCT H5 1 MH r l OCePe AHHe,KOCTf T HOf iw oJ I hHHK ( ? ) ,HaKOH e q H HK cT P eJ I h l M3 06C HAHaHa ( P H C.6). B6 J I H3H OT qe p er I a 6bt J I H O6HaP y 〉 KeHb l d) pa r Me ‑

HTbIKepaMHKH H yrOJ I b.

PI 4 C.5. Cor l POBO AH TeJ l bHbI f il 4 HBeHTaPb H3 r 1 0rpe6eHH 只N93

( XeJ l e3Hbl e HO 〉 KH, ul HJ 1 0) .

PI t C. 6.HHBeHTaPb H3 nOrpe6eHHR N94 ( H3AeJ T m H3 KOCTH).

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r lorpe6eHHe N95 ,KaK H N94 ,‑ E eTCKOe ( BO3paCT npHMepHO 4‑5 J l eT).

06HaPyX eHO B 2, 5 M OT nOrpe6eHH 只N94. CKeJ l eT pe6eHKa HaXOAHJ I C只 B 1 0‑1 5

cM OT nOBePXHOCTH nOqBbl . OpHeHTl 4 pOBaH Ha CeBePO‑ 3anaノ 1 . 1 tocT只K HaXOAHI J I C只 B aHaTOMHt l eCKOM I I Op5 1 AKe H J l e) KaJ IHa Cr t HHe Ha KOeTf I X KpynHbI X MOpCKHX xHBOTHbI X. HecMOTp只 Ha TO ,t l TO MHOrHe KOCTH CKeJ l eTa OTCyTCTByI OT,MO) KHO npeAI I OJ I O) KHTb, t l TO y I 1 0rpe6eHHOrO PyKH 6bI J I H COrHyTbI B J I OKT只Ⅹ, a Horn noAO r HyTbl K rPyAHO白 KJ l eTKe. 06 9TOM CBHAeTeJ I bCTByeT nOJ I O) KeHHe Ta3a, AJ I HHHbI X KOCTe 崩 H naJ I bueBa5 7 d ) aJ I aHra PyKH, 06HaPyXeHHa5 ] OKOJ I O rOJ I OBbI . CKeJ I eT 6bl J l 06J I O) Ken KaMH只MH H 3aCbl naH CTBOpKaMH pal ( OB HH H PbI 6bHMH KOCT月MI イ.

CoxpaHHOCTb KOCT只Ka HeyAOBJ l eTBOpHTeJ l bHaS l ,BCeJ I ACTBMe TOTO,t l TO OH HaXOノ l M C只 HenOCpeACTBeHHO Ha TpaCCe. I ‑ I epen pa3pyul eH I I OJ l HOCTbt O.

HHXH朋 qe m OCTb COCTOHT H3pS l Aad) pa r MeHTOB. CoxpaHHJ MCbHeCt ( OJ l hKO 3y6oB HHXHe拐 qeJ I 氾CTH,a TaKX e KOCTI 4Ta3a,AJ l HHHbl e KOCTH.

OKOJ 1 0 qepena O6HaPy) KeHb l d) parMeHTbI KePaMHKH C TOHKHM HaJ l enOM ( BO3MOX HO, nOrPe6a此 HOH) t l KOCT只HOe OpyAHe HeH3BeeTHOrO Ha3Hat l eH脚 . B

HHXHei h acTHnOrpe6eHHf lHa触 eHO6cHAl 1 aHOBbI f iHaKOHet l HHK CTpeJ l bI . I lo6 J I H30‑

cTH 6bI da B3汀ra nPO6a yrJ I 札

B ueHTPe S l MbI ( x HJ I M L ua ) 6 b l J I O O6HapyX eHO My〉 KCKOe nOrpe6e HHeN96.

AHaTOMHt l eCK H拐 nop月AOK I ( OCT只Ka HaPyuJ eH. HH) KH只月 t l eJ I f OCTb H l l ePBb l f i u l e 拐 ‑

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3y6bI , HaXORHBL uHeC5 7 P5 7 AOM C t l ePeT 7 0M, 6bL m4 PaCCe5 I Hbl Ha r 7 J I Oul aRH I I PH6J I H3HTeJ I bHO B 1 KB. M.

KocTS ] K 6bI J IO6J I O) KeH HeCKOJ I bl ( HMH KaMH5 ] MH CpeAHerO pa3MePa,KOCT只MH

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し ■

PAKOBHHHAS IKyt l A OXOTCKOH I t y J I bTyPbIHA OCTPOBE I l l HI tOTAH155

PHC.7. KepaMHqeCKHf icocyA H3 nOrpe6eHH 只 N96.

CeBeP.

CoxpaHHOCTb t lepeI l a HeyAOBJ I eTBOPHTeJ l bHa 5 7. JI HueBO疏 oTAeJ I I I OBpe‑

n( ReH. qePer T Ha兄 KOPO6Z ( a pa3J l 0MaHa H COCTOHT H3 4 ‑ x 6oJ I buT HX ㊥pa r MeHTOB.

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t l aCTb raPI l yHa I l OBOpOTHOrO THna,KOCT只HOe OpyAHe HeH3BeCTHOrO I i a3Hat l eHH 只,

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I )

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npeACTaB J l 只eT CO60 拐 HCTHHHOe npOH3BeAeHI 4 e ApeBHerO HCKyCCTBa.

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TeJ l e H ,9TH KOCTS l Hbl e ̀ ̀ J I OX Kt l "HCnOJ I b30BaJ I HCb TaK) Ke,I ( aKl ia崩HCKHe ̀ ̀ HKyHHCH"

‑ KyJ I bTOBbl e l l peAMeTb l ,r l pHMeH只eMbl e I I PH ̀ ̀ KaMyHHOMH ' '‑ nOt l HTaHHH RyXOB.

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B ceBepHO

t i aCT H X H J I HI na,HapaCCTOf I HH H4 MOTI く OCT只l ( a,HaXO A HJ I aCb

"MaCTePCKa f r " nom3r OTOBJ I eH mf OKaMeHHbl XHal ( OHeL I HHZ ( OBCTPeJ I . Boz ( pyr oR HHO‑

qHOr Or l pOAOJ I r OBaTOr OKaMH 5 7 ,J l eXa l l l er OHar I OJ I y) KHJ I H I na,6bI J I OCKOHueHT P HpO ・

BaHO 16 HaKOHet i HHKOB CTPe J I , 06pa60TaHHbl X TeXHHKO 崩 oTXHMHO由 peTy uH

( PHC. 9) .

OcTaTKHr 7 aJ r e O ㊥ayHbI ,06Hapy〉 KeHHbl ea CJ l 0 月X PaKOBHHnaM 兄 THKa,r 7 pe・

PI t C.8. KyJ t h TOBb l nI I Pe AMeT ( " J 1 0 XKa") H3 nO r pe 6eHH 5 7 N96.

PHC.9. Ha KOHe t l HHK HC TPe J l ,06HaP y ) KeHHb l eB〉 KH J l l 4 L ue.

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PAKOBHHHAF IKyL I AOXOTCKOHKyJ l bTyPb IHAOCTPOBE I n HKOTAH1 57

ACTaBJ l eHbl KOCTS T MH MOPCKHX H CyXOI l yTHbI X X HBOTHbI X. Oco6eHHO MHOrO KOCTe 白,B OCHOBHOM I ( OCTei iKpynHbI X XHBOTHbI X,3a d ) HKCHpOBaH O O XOJ I O nOrpe6e‑

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HH H. B paKOBMHHOf i3aCbl I I Ke P只AOM C nOrpe6eHHeM No ̲1 Ha触 eHbIKOCTH Kpy‑

r l Hbl X J I aCTOHOrHX. B I OrOl 3ar l aAH O琉 qacTH X HJ MI na H3 CJ 1 05 7 Pal ( OBHH 6bI J L H H3BJ l et l eHb l t J ePer 7 CHByt J a , t l epen He6oJ I bu1 0r O 〟 HHXH月月 t l e J l f OCTb KPynHOrO MeABeAe h. Ha cT 0月HI ( e TaKX e 6b l J l H O6HapyX eHbIHeCKOJ I bKO t l epenOB CO6aK , BO3MO〉 KHO,yr I OTPe6 J I f l B L uHXC5 1 ,KaI くy a弟HOB,B I I Hu y,t l epeI IJ MC HubI ,KOCTH 3a nua H 60 J I b L uOe KO J I HL I eCTBO KOCTeH Pa3 J I m HbI X nepHaTbI X.

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