原著論文 㩷
高校時の理科系科目の履修状況と大学１年生時の理科系科目の 㩷
学生による自己評価の調査 㩷
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ญஜ৻㧘ᄢᶈ㧘ਃᶆධ⯥㧘⌀ਅ㗅৻㧘㥲⮮ ൟ㧘ะᓟ㤗㉿㧘㩷
ޘᧁሶ㧘⟤ሶ㧘ᚭㇱ ᢐ㩷 ᤘᄢቇ⮎ቇㇱ ⮎ቇᢎ⢒ផㅴࡦ࠲㩷
㩷
ⷐ ᣦ㩷
ᦨㄭ㧘ᄢቇ↢ߩቇജૐਅ߇ ᔨߐࠇߡࠆ߇⮎ቇㇱߩቇ↢߽ᄖߢߪߥ㧚ቇജૐਅߩⷐ࿃ߣ ߒߡ᭽ޘߥߎߣ߇ߍࠄࠇࠆ߇㧘․ߦℂ⑼♽⑼⋡ߦ߅ߡߪ㜞ᩞᤨߩℂ⑼♽⑼⋡ߩጁୃ⁁ᴫ߇ߘ ߩ৻┵ࠍᜂߞߡࠆߎߣ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߘߎߢ㧘ᧄቇ⮎ቇㇱቇ↢ߩ㜞ᩞᤨߢߩℂ⑼♽⑼⋡㧔ൻቇ㧘
‛ℂ㧘↢‛㧕ߩጁୃ⁁ᴫࠍᛠីߔࠆߚߦࠕࡦࠤ࠻⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߚ㧚ߘߩ⚿ᨐ㧘㪐㪇㧑એߩቇ↢
߇ൻቇΣ㧘ൻቇΤߩਔᣇࠍጁୃߒߡࠆߩߦኻߒ㧘↢‛Σ㧘‛ℂΣߢߪߘࠇߙࠇ㪎㪇㧑ߣ㪌㪌㧑ߩቇ
↢ߒ߆ጁୃߒߡ߅ࠄߕ㧘ᦝߦߪ↢‛ߢ㪉㪍㧑㧘‛ℂߢߪ㪋㪊㧑߽ߩቇ↢߇ోߊጁୃߒߡߥߎߣ߇ ಽ߆ߞߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘ᄢቇ㪈ᐕᰴߩℂ⑼♽⑼⋡ߩฃ⻠ߦࠃࠆቇ↢ߩ⥄ା߿ℂ⸃ᐲߦኻߔࠆ⥄Ꮖ⹏ଔߩ⚿
ᨐߢߪ㧘ฃ⻠೨ߢߪ㧘⥄ା߇ήߣ╵߃ߚቇ↢߇↢‛㧘‛ℂߦኻߒߡᄢᄙᢙߢߞߚߛߌߢߥߊ㧘 㜞ᩞߢጁୃߒߡࠆൻቇߦኻߒߡ߽⚂ඨᢙߩቇ↢߇⒟ᐲߩᏅߪࠇ⥄ାࠍᜬߞߡߥߣ╵߃ߡ
ߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘ฃ⻠ᓟߦߪൻቇߦ߅ߡߪᱴߤߩቇ↢߇⥄ାࠍขࠅᚯߒߡߚ㧚ߐࠄߦ↢‛㧘‛
ℂߦ߅ߡ߽ฃ⻠ᓟߦ⥄ାࠍᜬߞߡࠆቇ↢߇ᄙߊߺࠄࠇߚ㧚߹ߚℂ⸃ᐲߦߟߡߪ㧘ൻቇߦߟ
ߡߪቇ↢ߩᜬߟ⥄ାߦ⋧㑐ߒߡߚ߇㧘↢‛㧘‛ℂߦ㑐ߒߡߪ⥄ାߪߞߡ߽߿ߪࠅචಽߦℂ
⸃ߒ߈ࠇߡߣ߁⚿ᨐߛߞߚ㧚ߎࠇࠄߩߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘ቇ↢ߪᧂጁୃߩಽ㊁ߦ㑐ߒߡోߊߩᜎุ
ᔕࠍ␜ߒߡࠆߩߢߪήߊ㧘ℂ⸃ߩߚߩᄙዋߩࠤࠕ߇ᔅⷐߢࠆߎߣ߇␜ໂߐࠇߚ㧚㩷 㩷
㪢㪼㫐㩷㪮㫆㫉㪻㫊 㧦㜞ᩞᤨߩጁୃ⁁ᴫ㧘ℂ⑼♽⑼⋡㧔㫊㫋㪸㫋㪼㩷㪽㫆㫉㩷㪺㫆㫌㫉㫊㪼㫊㩷㪸㫋㩷㪿㫀㪾㪿㩷㫊㪺㪿㫆㫆㫃㧘 㩷 㫊㪺㫀㪼㫅㪺㪼㪄㫉㪼㫃㪸㫋㪼㪻㩷㪺㫆㫌㫉㫊㪼㫊㧕 㩷 㩷
⋡ ⊛
ᐔᚑ㪈㪈ᐕᐲߦⴕࠊࠇߚቇᩞᢎ⢒ᴺᣉⴕⷙቯߩᡷᱜ ߦࠃߞߡ㧘㜞ᩞᤨߩℂ⑼♽⑼⋡ߩጁୃ⁁ᴫ߽ᄢ߈ߊ ᄌࠊߞߚ㧚ߘߩᓟ㧘ቇ⠌ౝኈߩᷫߥߤߦࠃߞߡቇ ജߩૐਅ߇ ᔨߐࠇ৻ㇱᡷᱜ߇ⴕࠊࠇߚ߇
㪈㧕㧘㜞ᩞ
ߩጁୃⷐ✁ߦࠃߞߡߪℂ⑼♽⑼⋡ߩၮᧄ㗄ߩߺࠍ ቇ⠌ߔࠆޟℂ⑼ၮ␆ޠ㧘 ޟℂ⑼✚ว㧭ޠ 㧘 ޟℂ⑼✚ว㧮ޠ ߣ㧘 ޟ‛ℂ㧵ޠ 㧘 ޟൻቇ㧵ޠ 㧘 ޟ↢‛㧵ޠ㧘 ޟቇ㧵ޠߩ߁
ߜ㧘 ޟℂ⑼ၮ␆ޠ߹ߚߪޟℂ⑼✚ว㧭ޠ߹ߚߪޟℂ⑼
✚ว㧮ޠࠍ㪉⑼⋡ࠍጁୃߔࠇ߫ᔅⷐනߣࠆ ቇᩞ߽ࠅ߁ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘ᄢቇߦㅴቇߒߚቇ↢ߩ߁ ߜޟ‛ℂΤޠ 㧘 ޟ↢‛Τޠߪ߽ߣࠃࠅޟ‛ℂΣޠ㧘ޟ↢
‛Σޠߦ㑐ߒߡߐ߃߽ጁୃߒߡߥ႐ว߽ࠆ㧚 ᓥߞߡ㧘ℂ⑼♽⑼⋡ో⥸ߩቇ⠌㊂ਇ⿷߇ᔃ㈩ߐࠇࠆ㧚 㩷
㜞ᩞᤨߦጁୃߔࠆℂ⑼♽⑼⋡ߩ߁ߜ㧘ൻቇ♽㧘‛
ℂ♽㧘↢‛♽ߩጁୃ⁁ᴫߪㅴቇࠍᏗᦸߔࠆᄢቇߩฃ
㛎⑼⋡ߦࠃߞߡ߽⇣ߥߞߡߊࠆ㧚․ߦൻቇΤ㧘‛ℂ
ቇࠍᏗᦸߔࠆቇ↢ߩᱴߤߪ㧘ℂ⑼♽ฃ㛎⑼⋡߇ޟൻ ቇޠߢࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘ᄙߊߩቇ↢߇ޟൻቇΣޠ㧘ޟൻ ቇΤޠߪጁୃߒߡࠆ߇㧘‛ℂΤ㧘↢‛Τߥߤߪᱴ ߤቇ⠌ߒߡߥ႐ว߇ᄙߩߢߪߥ߆ߣ੍᷹ߐ ࠇࠆ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘⮎ቇㇱߢߩ⻠⟵ౝኈࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆߚ
ߦߪ㜞ᩞߢቇࠎߛൻቇߩ⍮⼂ߩߺߢߪචಽߢࠆߪ ߕ߽ߥߊ㧘ᒰὼ㧘‛ℂ߿↢‛ߩ⍮⼂߿⠨߃ᣇ߽ᔅⷐ ߦߥࠆ㧚㩷
ᧄቇ⮎ቇㇱߢߪ߹ߢߦቇ↢ߩ㜞ᩞᤨߩጁୃ⁁ᴫ ߩ⺞ᩏߪⴕߞߡ߅ࠄߕ㧘ቇ↢ߩℂ♽⑼⋡ߦኻߔࠆၮ
␆⍮⼂ߩ⒟ᐲߪ߹ࠅ⼂ߒߡߥ߆ߞߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘 వߦ߽ㅀߴߚࠃ߁ߦ㧘ቇ↢ߦࠃߞߡߪਛቇߢቇࠎߛ
↢‛㧘‛ℂߩ⍮⼂ߒ߆ߥቇ↢߽ࠆน⢻ᕈ߇ࠅ㧘 㪉ᐕᰴએ㒠ߩࠃࠅኾ㐷⊛ߥቇࠍቇ߱ߢ㧘ߘ߁ߞ ߚቇ↢߇ߤࠇ߶ߤሽߔࠆ߆㧘߹ߚ㧘 㪈ᐕᰴߦᢎ⢒ㇱ ߢℂ⑼♽⑼⋡ࠍቇ߱ߎߣߢߤߩߊࠄ⥄ାࠍ߽ߜ㧘
߹ߚ㧘ߤߩߊࠄℂ⸃ߢ߈ߚߣᕁߞߡࠆ߆ࠍᛠី
ߔࠆᔅⷐᕈࠍᗵߓߚ㧚ߘߎߢ㧘ᚒޘߪ㪈㪏ᐕᐲ߅ࠃ߮
㪈㪐ᐕᐲቇ↢ࠍኻ⽎ߦ㜞ᩞᤨߩℂ⑼♽⑼⋡ߩጁୃ⁁
ᴫࠍ⺞ᩏߒߚ㧚ᦝߦᄢቇ㪈ᐕᰴߦᢎ⢒ㇱߢฃ⻠ߔࠆ‛
ℂ♽㧘ൻቇ♽㧘↢‛♽⑼⋡ߩℂ⸃ᐲߦߟߡ㧘㜞ᩞ
ᤨߩጁୃߣߩ㑐ଥߦߟߡ⺞ᩏߒߚ㧚㩷
ᣇ ᴺ
ኻ⽎ߪᐔᚑ㪉㪇ᐕᐲߩ㪉ᐕ↢㧔㪉㪉㪋ੱ㧕㧘㪊ᐕ↢㧔㪈㪏㪐
ੱ㧕ߦኻߒߡ㧘ᣂቇᦼ㐿ᆎߩߥࠆߴߊᣧᲑ㓏ߦⴕ ߁ߚߦ㧘ၮ␆⮎ቇṶ⠌ߩ╙㪈࿁⋡Ṷ⠌⚳ੌᓟߦ㧘㜞
ᩞᤨߩℂ⑼♽⑼⋡ߩጁୃ⁁ᴫࠍࠕࡦࠤ࠻ߦߡ⺞ߴ ߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘ᄢቇ㪈ᐕᰴߢฃ⻠ߒߚ‛ℂ♽㧘ൻቇ♽㧘↢
‛♽⑼⋡ߩℂ⸃ᐲߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏߪ㧘ޟฃ⻠೨ߩ⥄ାޠ ߪቇᤨߢߩ⁁ᘒ㧘 ޟฃ⻠ᓟߩ⥄ାޠߪฃ⻠ߒߚ⑼⋡
ߩቯᦼ⹜㛎ฃ㛎೨㧘 ޟฃ⻠ᓟߩℂ⸃ᐲޠߪቯᦼ⹜㛎ฃ 㛎ᓟߣߒߡቇ↢⥄りߦࠃࠆਥⷰ⊛ߥ⹏ଔࠍ⺞ᩏߒߚ㧚
ૉߒ㧘㓸⸘⚿ᨐߪࠕࡦࠤ࠻ߩ࿁╵߇ലߢߞߚ
߽ߩߩߺߣߒߚ㧚㩷
⚿ ᨐ
ࠕࡦࠤ࠻ߩ࿁₸ߪ㧘㪉ᐕ↢㪐㪎㧑㧔㪉㪈㪏㪆㪉㪉㪋ੱ㧕㧘 㪊ᐕ↢ߪ㪐㪊㧑㧔㪈㪎㪍㪆㪈㪏㪐ੱ㧕ߢߞߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘⺞ᩏ⚿
ᨐ߆ࠄ㪉ᐕ↢ߣ㪊ᐕ↢ߩ⚿ᨐߦᄢ߈ߥ㆑߇ήߎߣ 㩷
ጁୃ⁁ᴫߦߟߡ㩷
࿑㪈㧘㪉ߦߘࠇߙࠇߩ⑼⋡ߩጁୃߩഀวࠍ␜ߒߚ㧚
࿑㪈ࠃࠅ㧘ℂ⑼✚ว㧭ߪ㪈㪐㪅㪊㧑㧔㪋㪉ੱ㧕㧘ℂ⑼✚ว㧮 ߪ㪈㪋㪅㪎㧑㧔㪊㪉ੱ㧕ߩቇ↢߇ጁୃߒߡߚ߇㧘ℂ⑼ၮ
␆ߩጁୃ⠪ߪ㪊㪅㪉㧑㧔㪎ੱ㧕ߒ߆ߥ߆ߞߚ㧚࿑㪉ߢ␜
ߔࠃ߁ߦℂ⑼ߩኾ㐷⑼⋡ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ㧘ൻቇΣࠍ㪐㪎㧑 㧔㪉㪈㪈ੱ㧕㧘↢‛Σࠍ㪎㪈㧑㧔㪈㪌㪌ੱ㧕 㧘‛ℂΣࠍ㪌㪌㧑㧔㪈㪉㪇
ੱ㧕 㧘ൻቇΤࠍ㪐㪈㧑㧔㪈㪐㪐ੱ㧕 㧘↢‛Τࠍ㪋㪇㧑㧔㪏㪎ੱ㧕㧘
‛ℂΤࠍ㪉㪊㧑㧔㪌㪈ੱ㧕ߩቇ↢߇ጁୃߒߡߚ㧚㩷 ᦝߦߘࠇߙࠇߩΣߣΤࠍઃߔࠆ⑼⋡ߩ⚵ߺวࠊߖ ࠍ⺞ߴߚߣߎࠈ࿑㪊ߦ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦ㧘ൻቇΣ㧘Τߣ߽ߦ ጁୃߒߡࠆቇ↢ߪ㪏㪐㧑㧔㪈㪐㪌ੱ㧕㧘↢‛Σ㧘Τߣ߽
ߦጁୃߒߡࠆቇ↢߇㪊㪎㧑㧔㪏㪇ੱ㧕㧘‛ℂΣ㧘Τߣ߽
ߦጁୃߒߡࠆቇ↢߇㪉㪉㧑㧔㪋㪏ੱ㧕ߢߞߚ㧚৻ᣇ㧘 ൻቇΣߩߺߒ߆ጁୃߒߡߥቇ↢ߪ㪎㧑㧔㪈㪍ੱ㧕㧘
↢‛Σߩߺߒ߆ጁୃߒߡߥቇ↢ߪ㪊㪋㧑㧔㪎㪌ੱ㧕 㧘
‛ℂΣߩߺߒ߆ጁୃߒߡߥቇ↢ߪ㪊㪊㧑㧔㪎㪉ੱ㧕 ߢߞߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘↢‛ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ㪉㪍㧑㧔㪌㪎ੱ㧕㧘‛ℂ ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ㪋㪋㧑㧔㪐㪌ੱ㧕ߩቇ↢߇ోߊጁୃߒߡߥ ߆ߞߚ㧚㩷
㩷
ᄢቇ㧝ᐕᰴߩߘࠇߙࠇߩ⑼⋡ߦ߅ߌࠆฃ⻠ߦࠃࠆ ᄌൻ㩷
ᄢቇ㪈ᐕᰴߩ⻠⟵ࠍฃߌࠆ೨ߣฃߌߚᓟߢቇ↢ᧄ
ੱ߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߦ⥄ା߿ℂ⸃ᐲ߇ᄌൻߒߚ߆ࠍ⾰ߒ ߚ⚿ᨐࠍ࿑㪋㪄㪈߆ࠄ࿑㪋㪄㪊ߦ␜ߔ㧚㩷
‛ℂߦ㑐ߒߡ㧘ฃ⻠೨ߩ⥄ାߦߟߡ⺞ᩏߒߚߣ ߎࠈ㧘 ޟචಽࠆޠ߇㪊㧑㧔㪍ੱ㧕㧘 ޟዋޘࠆޠ߇㪈㪐㧑 㧔㪋㪈ੱ㧕 㧘ޟ߹ࠅήޠ߇㪊㪇㧑㧔㪍㪍ੱ㧕 㧘 ޟోὼήޠ
߇㪋㪏㧑㧔㪈㪇㪌ੱ㧕ߢߞߚ߇㧘ฃ⻠ᓟߩ⥄ାߢߪޟච ಽࠆޠ߇㪎㧑㧔㪈㪍ੱ㧕 㧘 ޟዋޘࠆޠ߇㪋㪎㧑㧔㪈㪇㪊ੱ㧕 㧘 ޟ߹ࠅήޠ߇㪊㪎㧑㧔㪏㪇ੱ㧕 㧘 ޟోὼήޠ߇㪐㧑㧔㪈㪐
ੱ㧕߳ߣᄌൻߒߡߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘ฃ⻠ᓟߩℂ⸃ᐲߦߟ
ߡߪޟචಽࠆޠ߇㪌㧑㧔㪈㪇ੱ㧕 㧘 ޟዋޘࠆޠ߇㪊㪊㧑 㧔㪎㪈ੱ㧕 㧘 ޟ߹ࠅήޠ߇㪋㪍㧑㧔㪈㪇㪇ੱ㧕 㧘 ޟోὼήޠ
߇㪈㪎㧑㧔㪊㪎ੱ㧕ߢߞߚ㧔࿑㪋㪄㪈㧕㧚㩷
ൻቇߦ㑐ߒߡߪ㧘ฃ⻠೨ߩ⥄ାߪ㧘 ޟචಽࠆޠ߇
㪋㧑㧔㪏ੱ㧕㧘ޟዋޘࠆޠ߇㪊㪐㧑㧔㪏㪍ੱ㧕㧘 ޟ߹ࠅή
ޠ߇㪊㪋㧑㧔㪎㪋ੱ㧕 㧘ޟోὼήޠ߇㪉㪊㧑㧔㪌㪇ੱ㧕ߢ㩷
㩷㪈㪐㪅㪊㩼
㪏㪌㪅㪊㩼 㪏㪇㪅㪎㩼 㪐㪍㪅㪏㩼 㪊㪅㪉㩼
㪈㪋㪅㪎㩼
㪇㪅㪇㩼 㪌㪇㪅㪇㩼 㪈㪇㪇㪅㪇㩼
ℂ⑼✚ว㪙 ℂ⑼✚ว㪘 ℂ⑼ၮ␆
㩷
࿁╵⠪ᢙోຬߦኻߔࠆߘࠇߙࠇߩഀวࠍࡄࡦ࠻ߢߒߚޕ ߇ጁୃ⠪ࠍޔ ߇ᧂጁୃ⠪ࠍߒߡࠆޕ
㩷
࿑㧝 㜞ᩞߦ߅ߌࠆℂ⑼♽⑼⋡㧔ၮ␆㧕ߩጁୃ⁁ᴫ㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷 㩷
㪌㪌㩼
㪎㪈㩼
㪉㪊㩼
㪋㪇㩼
㪐㪎㩼 㪐㪈㩼
㪇㩼 㪌㪇㩼 㪈㪇㪇㩼
‛ℂ ൻቇ ↢‛
Σ Τ Σ Τ Σ Τ
‛ℂ ൻቇ ↢‛
㩷
࿁╵⠪ᢙోຬߦኻߔࠆߘࠇߙࠇߩഀวࠍࡄࡦ࠻ߢߒߚޕ ߇Σࠍઃߔࠆ⑼⋡ߩ ጁୃ⠪ࠍޔ ߇Τࠍઃߔࠆ⑼⋡ߩጁୃ⠪ࠍߒߡࠆޕ
㩷 㩷
࿑㧞 㜞ᩞߦ߅ߌࠆℂ⑼♽⑼⋡㧔ኾ㐷㧕ߩጁୃ⁁ᴫ㩷
㩷
ੱ㧕 㧘 ޟዋޘࠆޠ߇㪍㪎㧑㧔㪈㪋㪍ੱ㧕 㧘 ޟ߹ࠅήޠ߇
㪈㪏㧑㧔㪋㪇ੱ㧕㧘 ޟోὼήޠ߇㪉㧑㧔㪌ੱ㧕ߢߞߚ㧚
߹ߚ㧘ฃ⻠ᓟߩℂ⸃ᐲߦߟߡߪޟචಽࠆޠ߇㪎㧑 㧔㪈㪌ੱ㧕 㧘 ޟዋޘࠆޠ߇㪌㪎㧑㧔㪈㪉㪌ੱ㧕 㧘 ޟ߹ࠅήޠ
߇㪊㪇㧑㧔㪍㪌ੱ㧕㧘 ޟోὼήޠ߇㪍㧑㧔㪈㪊ੱ㧕ߢߞߚ 㧔࿑㪋㪄㪉㧕㧚㩷
ห᭽ߦ↢‛ߦ㑐ߒߡ߽㧘ฃ⻠೨ߩ⥄ାߦߟߡ㧘 ޟචಽࠆޠ߇㪉㧑㧔㪌ੱ㧕㧘ޟዋޘࠆޠ߇㪉㪏㧑㧔㪍㪉
ੱ㧕㧘ޟ߹ࠅήޠ߇㪊㪋㧑㧔㪎㪌ੱ㧕㧘ޟోὼήޠ߇ 㪊㪌㧑㧔㪎㪍ੱ㧕ߢߞߚ߇㧘ฃ⻠ᓟߩ⥄ାߢߪޟචಽ
ࠆޠ߇㪍㧑㧔㪈㪋ੱ㧕㧘ޟዋޘࠆޠ߇㪍㪉㧑㧔㪈㪊㪌ੱ㧕㧘 ޟ߹ࠅήޠ߇㪉㪍㧑㧔㪌㪎ੱ㧕 㧘 ޟోὼήޠ߇㪍㧑㧔㪈㪉
ੱ㧕ߢߞߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘ฃ⻠ᓟߩℂ⸃ᐲߦߟߡߪޟච ಽࠆޠ߇㪊㧑㧔㪍ੱ㧕㧘ޟዋޘࠆޠ߇㪋㪋㧑㧔㪐㪌ੱ㧕㧘 ޟ߹ࠅήޠ߇㪋㪉㧑㧔㪐㪈ੱ㧕 㧘 ޟోὼήޠ߇㪈㪉㧑㧔㪉㪍
ੱ㧕ߢߞߚ㧔࿑㪋㪄㪊㧕㧚㩷
ᰴߦߘࠇߙࠇߩ࿁╵ߦ߅ߌࠆጁୃ⠪㧘ᧂጁୃ⠪ߩ
ഀวࠍ⺞ߴߚ⚿ᨐࠍ㪈ߦ␜ߒߚ㧚㩷
ޟฃ⻠೨ߩ⥄ାޠߦߟߡ㧘ߘߩ⑼⋡ࠍ㜞ᩞᤨߦጁ
ୃߒߚቇ↢ߩ࿁╵ߪ㧘ᄙዋߥࠅߣ߽⥄ା߇ࠆߣ╵
߃ߚቇ↢߇‛ℂߦ߅ߡߪ㪊ഀᒝ㧘ൻቇ߅ߡߪ㪋ഀ
ᒝ㧘↢‛ߦ߅ߡߪ㪋ഀᒙࠍභߡߚ㧚৻ᣇ㧘ᧂጁ
ୃߩቇ↢ߦߟߡ㧘ᄙዋߥࠅߣ߽⥄ା߇ࠆߣ╵߃ ߚഀว߇㧘↢‛ߢߪ㪈ഀ㧘‛ℂߢߪ㪈ഀߦ߽ḩߚߥ߆ ߞߚ㧚ൻቇߦߟߡߪᧂጁୃߩቇ↢߇ᱴߤߥ߆ߞ ߚ߆ࠄ㧘⸃ᨆߪⴕߞߡߥ㧚㩷
ޟฃ⻠ᓟߩ⥄ାޠߦߟߡߪ㧘ጁୃߒߚቇ↢ߩ࿁╵
ߪ㧘‛ℂߦ߅ߡߪᄙዋߥࠅߣ߽⥄ା߇ࠆߣ╵߃ ߚቇ↢߇㪍ഀࠍ߃㧘ൻቇߦ߅ߡߪ㪏ഀ㧘↢‛ߢ߽㪎
ഀᒝࠍභߡߚ㧚৻ᣇ㧘ᧂጁୃߩቇ↢ߪ‛ℂߦ߅
ߡߪ㪋ഀᒝ㧘↢‛ߦ߅ߡߪ㪌ഀߩቇ↢߇ᄙዋߥࠅ ߣ߽⥄ା߇ߟߚߣ࿁╵ߒߡߚ㧚㩷
ޟฃ⻠ᓟߩℂ⸃ᐲޠߦߟߡߪ㧘ጁୃߒߚቇ↢ߩ႐ ว㧘‛ℂ㧘↢‛ߢߪߘࠇߙࠇ㪌ഀߣ㪌ഀᒝ㧘ൻቇߦ߅
ߡߪ㪍ഀᒝߩቇ↢߇ℂ⸃ߒߚߣ࿁╵ߒߡࠆߩߦ ኻߒ㧘ᧂጁୃߩቇ↢ߢߪ↢‛ߢ㪉ഀᒝ㧘‛ℂߦ㑐ߒߡ ߪ㪉ഀ⒟ᐲߢߞߚ㧚㩷
㩷 㩷
⠨ ኤ
㜞ᩞᤨߩጁୃ⁁ᴫߩ⺞ᩏߢ㧘✚วℂ⑼㧭㧘✚วℂ
⑼㧮㧘ℂ⑼ၮ␆ߩㆬᛯ₸ߪߘࠇ߶ߤ㜞߽ߩߢߪߥ ߆ߞߚ㧚ߎࠇߪℂ♽ᄢቇ߳ߩㅴቇࠍ⠨߃ߡࠆὑ㧘 ቇ⠌ౝኈߣߒߡߪਇචಽߢࠆߎࠇࠄߩ⑼⋡ࠍጁୃ
ߔࠆࠃࠅ㧘ࠃࠅኾ㐷⊛ߥΣ߹ߚߪΤࠍઃߔࠆℂ⑼♽
ኾ㐷⑼⋡ࠍㆬᛯߔࠆะߦࠆߎߣ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇߚ 㧔࿑㪈㧘㪉㧕 㧚㩷
ℂ⑼♽ኾ㐷⑼⋡ߦߟߡ⺞ᩏߒߚ⚿ᨐߢߪ㧘߿ߪ ࠅฃ㛎⑼⋡ߢࠆൻቇΣ㧘ൻቇΤߩጁୃ₸ߪߘࠇߙ ࠇ㪐㪇㧑એߣ㜞୯ࠍ␜ߒߡߚ㧚৻ᣇߢ㧘ฃ㛎⑼
⋡ߦή‛ℂ♽㧘↢‛♽⑼⋡ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ㧘ൻቇ♽ߣ Ყߴࠆߣጁୃ₸ߪਅ߇ߞߡߚ㧚߹ߚ‛ℂ㪄↢‛㑆ߢ ጁୃ₸ࠍᲧߴࠆߣ‛ℂ♽ࠃࠅ߽↢‛♽ࠍጁୃߒߡ
ࠆቇ↢ߩ߶߁߇ᄙߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ㧚ઁᄢቇߩකቇㇱ㧘 ᱤቇㇱ㧘⮎ቇㇱߢ߽ᧄᄢቇߣห᭽ߦ‛ℂࠃࠅ߽↢‛
ߩጁୃ⠪߇ᄙߎߣߣ㧘ℂቇ⑼߳ㅴቇߒߚቇ↢ߩ㜞
ᩞᤨߩጁୃ⺞ᩏࠍߒߚႎ๔ߦࠃࠆߣ㧘↢‛♽ߣ‛ℂ
♽ߩㆬᛯ₸ߦᄢ߈ߥ㆑߇ࠄࠇߥߎߣ߿㧘Ꮏቇ ㇱߦㅴቇߒߚቇ↢ߩ႐วߢߪ↢‛ࠃࠅ߽ߒࠈ‛ℂ ߩㆬᛯ⠪߇ᄙߎߣ߆ࠄ
㪉㧕㧘㪊㧕㧘߿ߪࠅක≮♽ߩᄢቇ
߳ㅴቇߔࠆߚ㧘↢‛♽߽ዋߥ߆ࠄߕᔅⷐߣ⠨߃ߡ
ࠆ߆ࠄߥߩߢߪߥ߆ߣ␜ໂߐࠇߚ㧚㩷
ߘࠇߙࠇߩ⑼⋡ߩㆬᛯߩ⚵ߺวࠊߖࠍߚ⚿ᨐ߆ ࠄ㧔࿑㪊㧕 㧘ൻቇߦߟߡߪ㪐ഀߩቇ↢߇㜞ᩞߢΣ㧘Τ ߣ߽ጁୃߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘߹ߚฃ㛎ീᒝ߽ߒߡࠆ৻ᣇߢ㧘
↢‛ߢߪ㪈㪆㪋߇㧘‛ℂߢߪඨᢙㄭߊ߇㜞ᩞߢΣ㧘Τߣ
߽ߦጁୃߔࠄߒߡߥߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ㧚ߟ߹ࠅߪ ߎࠇࠄߩ⑼⋡ߦߟߡߪᱴߤోߊߣ⸒ߞߡ⦟⒟⸅
ࠇߡ߅ࠄߕ㧘ߘߩ⍮⼂ߪਛቇᩞߢቇࠎߛౝኈ߆ࠄᱴ ߤჇ߃ߡߥ㧘ㅒߦᤨ㑆ߩ⚻ㆊߣߦߒࠈᷫߞ ߡࠆߎߣ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߎࠇߦߟߡߪ࿑㪋ߩ⚿ᨐ ߦ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦ㧘ቇ↢⥄り߽⥄ⷡߒߡࠆࠃ߁ߢࠆ㧚 㩷
ᄢቇ㪈ᐕᰴߩℂ⑼♽⑼⋡ߩฃ⻠ߦࠃࠆ⥄Ꮖ⹏ଔ⚿
ᨐࠍߡߺࠆߣ㧘ൻቇߦ㑐ߒߡߪฃ㛎⑼⋡ߢߞߚ ߦ᜔߽ࠄߕ㧘ฃ⻠೨ߦߪᄙዋߩਇࠍᗵߓߡࠆቇ
↢߇ඨᢙએߚ㧚ߎࠇߪᄢቇߩീᒝߦߟߡⴕߌ ࠆ߆㧘ࠆߪᄢቇߩീᒝߪ㔍ߒߩߢߪߥ߆ߣ
߁ਇ߇ߞߚ߆ࠄߢߪߥ߆ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߒ
߆ߒ㧘ታ㓙ߦฃ⻠ߒߡߺߚߣߎࠈߘࠇ⒟㔍ߒ߽ߩ㩷
㪊㪊㪅㪇㩼 㪊㪊㪅㪐㩼
㪉㪉㪅㪇㩼 㪏㪐㪅㪋㩼
㪊㪎㪅㪉㩼
㪋㪊㪅㪍㩼 㪉㪍㪅㪈㩼
㪎㪅㪊㩼
㪈㪅㪋㩼
㪇㩼 㪌㪇㩼 㪈㪇㪇㩼
‛ℂ ൻቇ
↢‛
㩷
࿁╵⠪ᢙోຬߦኻߔࠆߘࠇߙࠇߩഀวࠍࡄࡦ࠻ߢߒߚޕ ߇Σߩߺጁୃޔ ߇ΣޔΤߣ߽ጁୃޔ ߇ΣޔΤߣ߽ᧂጁୃࠍߒߡࠆޕ
㩷 㩷
࿑㧟 㜞ᩞߦ߅ߌࠆℂ⑼♽⑼⋡㧔ኾ㐷㧕ߩΣ㧘Τࠍઃߔࠆ⑼⋡ߩጁୃߩ⚵ߺวࠊߖ⁁ᴫ㩷
㩷
㧝 㜞ᩞᤨߩጁୃ⁁ᴫߦߺߚᄢቇᐕᰴߩฦ⑼⋡ߦ߅ߌࠆቇ↢ߩ⥄Ꮖ⹏ଔߩฃ⻠ߦࠃࠆᄌൻ
ฃ⻠೨ߩ⥄ା㧔㧑㧕㩷 ฃ⻠ᓟߩ⥄ା㧔㧑㧕㩷 ฃ⻠೨ߣฃ⻠ᓟߩᄌൻ㊂㧔ࡐࠗࡦ࠻㧕㩷 ฃ⻠ᓟߩℂ⸃ᐲ㧔㧑㧕
‛ ℂ㩷 ጁୃ㩷 ᧂጁୃ㩷 ጁୃ㩷 ᧂጁୃ㩷 ጁୃ㩷 ᧂጁୃ㩷 ጁୃ㩷 ᧂጁୃ㩷
ోὼߥ㩷 㪊㪇㪅㪇㩷 㪎㪇㪅㪋㩷 㪍㪅㪎㩷 㪈㪈㪅㪉㩷 㧙㪉㪊㪅㪊㩷 㧙㪌㪐㪅㪉㩷 㪈㪊㪅㪊㩷 㪉㪈㪅㪋㩷
ࠅߥ㩷 㪊㪌㪅㪏㩷 㪉㪊㪅㪌㩷 㪊㪇㪅㪏㩷 㪋㪊㪅㪐㩷 㧙㪌㪅㪇㩷 㪉㪇㪅㪋㩷 㪊㪍㪅㪎㩷 㪌㪎㪅㪈㩷 ዋޘࠆ㩷 㪉㪐㪅㪉㩷 㪍㪅㪈㩷 㪌㪇㪅㪏㩷 㪋㪉㪅㪐㩷 㪉㪈㪅㪎㩷 㪊㪍㪅㪎㩷 㪋㪉㪅㪌㩷 㪉㪇㪅㪋㩷 චಽࠆ㩷 㪌㪅㪇㩷 㪇㪅㪇㩷 㪈㪈㪅㪎㩷 㪉㪅㪇㩷 㪍㪅㪎㩷 㪉㪅㪇㩷 㪎㪅㪌㩷 㪈㪅㪇㩷
ฃ⻠೨ߩ⥄ା㧔㧑㧕㩷 ฃ⻠ᓟߩ⥄ା㧔㧑㧕㩷 ฃ⻠೨ߣฃ⻠ᓟߩᄌൻ㊂㧔ࡐࠗࡦ࠻㧕㩷 ฃ⻠ᓟߩℂ⸃ᐲ㧔㧑㧕 ൻ ቇ㩷 ጁୃ㩷 ᧂጁୃ㩷 ጁୃ㩷 ᧂጁୃ㩷 ጁୃ㩷 ᧂጁୃ㩷 ጁୃ㩷 ᧂጁୃ㩷
ోὼߥ㩷 㪉㪈㪅㪏㩷 㧙㩷 㪉㪅㪋㩷 㧙㩷 㧙㪈㪐㪅㪋㩷 㧙㩷 㪍㪅㪉㩷 㧙㩷
ࠅߥ㩷 㪊㪌㪅㪈㩷 㧙㩷 㪈㪏㪅㪇㩷 㧙㩷 㧙㪈㪎㪅㪈㩷 㧙㩷 㪉㪐㪅㪐㩷 㧙㩷 ዋޘࠆ㩷 㪊㪐㪅㪊㩷 㧙㩷 㪍㪍㪅㪏㩷 㧙㩷 㪉㪎㪅㪌㩷 㧙㩷 㪌㪎㪅㪊㩷 㧙㩷 චಽࠆ㩷 㪊㪅㪏㩷 㧙㩷 㪈㪉㪅㪏㩷 㧙㩷 㪐㪅㪇㩷 㧙㩷 㪍㪅㪍㩷 㧙㩷
ฃ⻠೨ߩ⥄ା㧔㧑㧕㩷 ฃ⻠ᓟߩ⥄ା㧔㧑㧕㩷 ฃ⻠೨ߣฃ⻠ᓟߩᄌൻ㊂㧔ࡐࠗࡦ࠻㧕㩷 ฃ⻠ᓟߩℂ⸃ᐲ㧔㧑㧕
↢ ‛㩷 ጁୃ㩷 ᧂጁୃ㩷 ጁୃ㩷 ᧂጁୃ㩷 ጁୃ㩷 ᧂጁୃ㩷 ጁୃ㩷 ᧂጁୃ㩷
ోὼߥ㩷 㪉㪌㪅㪏㩷 㪌㪎㪅㪈㩷 㪊㪅㪐㩷 㪐㪅㪌㩷 㧙㪉㪈㪅㪐㩷 㧙㪋㪎㪅㪍㩷 㪐㪅㪇㩷 㪈㪐㪅㪇㩷
ࠅߥ㩷 㪊㪌㪅㪌㩷 㪊㪈㪅㪎㩷 㪉㪇㪅㪍㩷 㪊㪐㪅㪎㩷 㧙㪈㪋㪅㪏㩷 㪎㪅㪐㩷 㪊㪍㪅㪏㩷 㪌㪋㪅㪇㩷 ዋޘࠆ㩷 㪊㪍㪅㪈㩷 㪐㪅㪌㩷 㪍㪎㪅㪎㩷 㪋㪎㪅㪍㩷 㪊㪈㪅㪍㩷 㪊㪏㪅㪈㩷 㪌㪈㪅㪇㩷 㪉㪌㪅㪋㩷 චಽࠆ㩷 㪉㪅㪍㩷 㪈㪅㪍㩷 㪎㪅㪎㩷 㪊㪅㪉㩷 㪌㪅㪉㩷 㪈㪅㪍㩷 㪊㪅㪉㩷 㪈㪅㪍㩷
㩷
ߢߪߥߊ㧘⥄ಽߩታജߢ߽ࠆ⒟ᐲℂ⸃ߢ߈ࠆߣᗵ ߓߡ߅ࠅ㧘ቯᦼ⹜㛎ࠍฃߌߚ㓙ߦ߽㧘⥄ಽߩታജߦ
߶߷৻⥌ߔࠆࠃ߁ߥ⚿ᨐߛߞߚߎߣ߇߁߆߇߃ߚ㧚
৻ᣇߢ‛ℂ㧘↢‛ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ㧘ฃ⻠೨ߦߪᄙዋߥࠅ ߣ߽ਇࠍᗵߓߡࠆቇ↢߇㪎㨪㪏ഀߚ߇㧘ฃ⻠ߒ ߡߺࠆߣߘߩഀว߇ᷫࠅ㧘ᄙዋߥࠅߣ߽⥄ା߇ߟ
ߚߣ╵߃ߚቇ↢ߩഀว߇Ⴧ߃ߡߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘ߘߩ ᄌൻߪൻቇߩ႐วߣᲧߴߡ㕖Ᏹߦᄢ߈ߊ㧘․ߦ⋡┙
ߞߚߩ߇ޟ⥄ା߇ోὼߥޠߣ╵߃ߚቇ↢ߩᄌൻߢ
ߞߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘ߎߩᄌൻࠍ㜞ᩞᤨߩጁୃ⁁ᴫߣࠊ ߖߡ⸃ᨆߒߡߺࠆߣ㧘ጁୃ⠪ߩᄌൻ㊂ࠃࠅ߽ᧂጁୃ
⠪ߩᄌൻ㊂ߩᣇ߇ᄢ߈ߊߡࠆߎߣ߇್ߞߚ㧚ߟ
߹ࠅ㧘ጁୃ⠪ߪ㜞ᩞᤨߩ⚻㛎߆ࠄ⥄ಽߩታജ߇ࠆ
⒟ᐲಽ߆ߞߡࠆߚ㧘ൻቇߩ႐วߣหߓࠃ߁ߥᄌ
ൻ㊂ߢߞߚ߇㧘ᧂጁୃ⠪ߩ႐ว㧘߹ߢീᒝߒߚ
ߎߣߩߥ߆ߞߚಽ㊁ߢࠆߩߢ㧘ᒰὼߥ߇ࠄਇⷐ
㩷࿑㧠
ᄢቇ㪈ᐕᰴߩߘࠇߙࠇߩ⑼⋡ߦ߅ߌࠆቇ↢ߩ⥄Ꮖ⹏ଔ㩷 ᢙሼߪ࿁╵⠪ᢙࠍߒߡ߅ࠅޔ㜞ᩞᤨߦᒰߔࠆ⑼⋡ߩጁୃ⠪ࠍޔᧂጁୃ⠪ࠍߢߒߡࠆޕൻቇ䋨ฃ⻠ᓟ䈱ℂ⸃ᐲ䋩 㪈㪊
㪍㪊
㪈㪉㪈
㪈㪋 㪇
㪉
㪋
㪈 㪇㪉㪇㪋㪇㪍㪇㪏㪇㪈㪇㪇㪈㪉㪇㪈㪋㪇
ోὼ䈭䈇
䉍䈭䈇
ዋ䇱䈅䉎
චಽ䈅䉎
ൻቇ䋨ฃ⻠ᓟ䈱⥄ା䋩 㪌
㪊㪏
㪈㪋㪈
㪉㪎 㪇
㪉
㪌
㪇 㪇㪉㪇㪋㪇㪍㪇㪏㪇㪈㪇㪇㪈㪉㪇㪈㪋㪇㪈㪍㪇
ోὼ䈭䈇
䉍䈭䈇
ዋ䇱䈅䉎
චಽ䈅䉎 ↢‛䋨ฃ⻠ᓟ䈱ℂ⸃ᐲ䋩 㪈㪋
㪌㪎
㪎㪐
㪌 㪈㪉
㪊㪋
㪈㪍
㪈 㪇㪉㪇㪋㪇㪍㪇㪏㪇㪈㪇㪇
ోὼ䈭䈇
䉍䈭䈇
ዋ䇱䈅䉎
චಽ䈅䉎
↢‛䋨ฃ⻠ᓟ䈱⥄ା䋩 㪍
㪊㪉
㪈㪇㪌
㪈㪉 㪍
㪉㪌
㪊㪇
㪉 㪇㪉㪇㪋㪇㪍㪇㪏㪇㪈㪇㪇㪈㪉㪇㪈㪋㪇㪈㪍㪇
ోὼ䈭䈇
䉍䈭䈇
ዋ䇱䈅䉎
චಽ䈅䉎
↢‛䋨ฃ⻠೨䈱⥄ା䋩 㪋㪇
㪌㪌
㪌㪍
㪋 㪊㪍
㪉㪇
㪍
㪈 㪇㪈㪇㪉㪇㪊㪇㪋㪇㪌㪇㪍㪇㪎㪇㪏㪇
ోὼ䈭䈇
䉍䈭䈇
ዋ䇱䈅䉎
චಽ䈅䉎
ൻቇ䋨ฃ⻠೨䈱⥄ା䋩 㪋㪍
㪎㪋
㪏㪊
㪏 㪋
㪇
㪊
㪇 㪇㪉㪇㪋㪇㪍㪇㪏㪇㪈㪇㪇
ోὼ䈭䈇
䉍䈭䈇
ዋ䇱䈅䉎
චಽ䈅䉎
‛ℂ䋨ฃ⻠೨䈱⥄ା䋩 㪊㪍㪋㪊
㪊㪌
㪍 㪍㪐
㪉㪊
㪍
㪇 㪇㪉㪇㪋㪇㪍㪇㪏㪇㪈㪇㪇㪈㪉㪇
ోὼ䈭䈇
䉍䈭䈇
ዋ䇱䈅䉎
චಽ䈅䉎
ੱ ੱ
ੱ ੱ ੱ
࿑㧠㧙㧝
࿑㧠㧙㧞࿑㧠㧙㧟 ‛ℂ䋨ฃ⻠ᓟ䈱⥄ା䋩 㪏㪊㪎
㪍㪈
㪈㪋 㪈㪈
㪋㪊
㪋㪉
㪉 㪇㪉㪇㪋㪇㪍㪇㪏㪇㪈㪇㪇㪈㪉㪇
ోὼ䈭䈇
䉍䈭䈇
ዋ䇱䈅䉎
චಽ䈅䉎 ‛ℂ䋨ฃ⻠ᓟ䈱ℂ⸃ᐲ䋩 㪈㪍
㪋㪋
㪌㪈
㪐 㪉㪈
㪌㪍
㪉㪇
㪈 㪇㪉㪇㪋㪇㪍㪇㪏㪇㪈㪇㪇㪈㪉㪇
ోὼ䈭䈇
䉍䈭䈇
ዋ䇱䈅䉎
චಽ䈅䉎
ੱ
⚛߇ᄢ߈ߊߥࠆ㧚ߛ߇ฃ⻠ߒߡߺࠆߣචಽߢߪߥ
߇ℂ⸃ߢ߈ࠆߣᗵߓߡࠆቇ↢߇ᄙߎߣ߇␜ໂߐ ࠇߚ㧚ቯᦼ⹜㛎ฃ㛎ᓟߩ⥄ାߦߟߡߩ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄߪ㧘
↢‛㧘‛ℂߣ߽ߦ㪈ᐕᰴߩℂ⑼♽⑼⋡ߩฃ⻠ߦࠃࠅᄙ ዋߩ⥄ା߇ߟߚ߇߿ߪࠅℂ⸃ߒ߈ࠇߡߥߣᗵ ߓߡࠆ߇ુ߃ߚ㧚ߎࠇࠍⵣઃߌࠆ߽ߩߣߒߡቇ
↢߆ࠄޟၮ␆߇ᰳߌߡࠆߣ⥄ⷡߒߡ߹ߔ㧚ޠ߿ޟ࠹
ࠠࠬ࠻ࠍ⺒߫⸃ࠆߩߢߔ߇㧘㗡ߦณ߈ㄟࠎߢߥ ߆ߞߚߚ㧘߹ߚᛮߌߚ⁁ᘒߦᚯߞߡ߹ߔ㧚ޠߥߤ ߩࠦࡔࡦ࠻߇ᓧࠄࠇߡࠆ㧚એߩࠃࠅ㧘㪈ᐕᰴߩ ℂ⑼♽⑼⋡ߩฃ⻠ߦࠃߞߡචಽߦℂ⸃ߢ߈ࠆߣߎࠈ
߹ߢߪ߆ߥߊߣ߽㧘ࠆ⒟ᐲߩ⧰ᚻᗧ⼂ߩᡷༀ߇
࿑ࠄࠇߡࠆߩߢߪߥ߆ߣ߁ߎߣ߇ಽ߆ߞߚ㧚㩷
㧘ᧄቇ⮎ቇㇱߦ☋ߔࠆ㪉ᐕ↢㧘㪊ᐕ↢ߩ⇐ᐕ
⚻㛎⠪ߪ㪉ᐕᰴ߆ࠄ㪊ᐕᰴ߳ߩㅴ⚖ᤨߦ⇐ᐕߒߡࠆ ႐ว߇ᱴߤߢࠆ㧚ߎߩ⇐ᐕ⚻㛎⠪ߩࠕࡦࠤ࠻⺞
ᩏߩ⚿ᨐࠍߢߚߣߎࠈ㧘ጁୃᓟߩℂ⸃ᐲߩ⾰
ߦ߅ߡޟోὼߥޠߣ╵߃ߡߚቇ↢߇㪌ഀࠍභ
ߡߚ㧚㧔࠺࠲⋭⇛㧕㧚㪈ᐕᰴߢߩቇ⠌ౝኈߪ㜞ᩞ
ߩᓳ⠌ߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆㇱಽ߇ᄙߊ߹ࠇߡࠆὑ㧘ᄢᄙ ᢙߩቇ↢ߪߘࠇߥࠅߦ⥄ା߇ߟߚߣ߆㧘ℂ⸃ߢ߈ ߚߣᗵߓߚߩߢࠈ߁㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘ߎߩᤨὐߢℂ⸃߇㩷
ਇචಽߛߣᗵߓߡߚ႐วߪ㧘㪉ᐕᰴએ㒠ߪࠃࠅኾ㐷
⊛ߥቇ⠌߇ᄙߊߥࠆߩߢ㧘ᒰὼᬺߦߟߡߌߥ ߊߥࠅਇวᩰ⑼⋡߇Ⴧ߃ߡߒ߹߁㧚߹ߛ࠺࠲ߩ⫾
Ⓧ߇ዋߥ߇㧘ᓟ߽ห᭽ߩะ߇ᓧࠄࠇߚ႐ว㧘㪉 ᐕᰴߩೋᦼ߆ࠄߎࠇࠄߩቇ↢ࠍᡰេߔࠆߦࠃߞߡ㧘
⇐ᐕߔࠆቇ↢ߩੱᢙࠍᷫࠄߔߎߣ߇᧪ࠆ߆߽ߒࠇ ߥ㧚㩷
⻢ ㄉ
ࠕࡦࠤ࠻⺞ᩏߦදജߒߡ㗂ߚᧄᄢቇ⮎ቇㇱቇ
↢ߦᷓߊᗵ⻢ߚߒ߹ߔ㧚㩷
ෳ⠨ᢥ₂
㪈㪀㩷 ᢥㇱ⑼ቇ⋭ࡎࡓࡍࠫ ᢎ⢒㧔ዊቇᩞޔਛቇ
ᩞޔ㜞╬ቇᩞ㧕㩷
㪿㫋㫋㫇㪑㪆㪆㫎㫎㫎㪅㫄㪼㫏㫋㪅㪾㫆㪅㫁㫇㪆㪸㪶㫄㪼㫅㫌㪆㪇㪈㪶㪺㪅㪿㫋㫄㩷
㪉㪀㩷 ⦼ේኡᵏ㧦ᄢቇቇ↢ࠍኻ⽎ߦߒߚ㜞╬ቇᩞߢ ߩℂ⑼ߩጁୃ⁁ᴫߦߟߡ㧘ࡈࠜࡓℂ⑼ᢎ
⢒㪃㩷㪈㪃㩷㪈㪐㪐㪐㪅㩷
㪊㪀㩷 ᄢ ൎ㧦ᄢቇ⹜ߦ߅ߌࠆℂ⑼㪊⑼⋡㗴ߩ
⁁ߣ⺖㗴㧘ᄢቇ⹜⎇ⓥࠫࡖ࠽࡞㧘㩷 㪈㪏㪃㩷㪏㪌㪄㪐㪇㩷 㪉㪇㪇㪏㪅㩷
㩷 㩷
Investigation of state for a course at high school and self-assessment for the science course at the first year in university
Ken-ichi Saguchi, Hiroaki Ohi, Nanko Miura, Jyunichi Mashimo, Isao Saitho, Mari Kougo, Keiko Sasaki, Miwako Kamei and Takashi Tobe
㪪㪺㪿㫆㫆㫃㩷㫆㪽㩷㪧㪿㪸㫉㫄㪸㪺㫐㪃㩷㪪㪿㫆㫎㪸㩷㪬㫅㫀㫍㪼㫉㫊㫀㫋㫐㩷 㩷
Abstract
Recently, there is a worry about the decline in the scholastic ability of students, not limited only in those at school of pharmacy. We can give a possibility that the cause is less of an educational foundation in science-related courses in high school, compared to past years. So, we investigated at our own school the students’ background in science education at their respective high schools. Over 90% of the students had already taken Chemistry I and II.
However, of those students, only 70% also took Biology I, and 55% also took Physics I.
Moreover, we also learned that 26% of students had not taken any Biology courses and 43% had not taken any Physics courses.
To further our understanding of the students’ situation, upon becoming freshmen the students’
confidence in their ability at science courses was evaluated by survey before they had attended any classes. The responses showed about half of the students didn
㧓t have any confidence in Biology, Physics, and even in Chemistry at this early stage.
However, almost all students increased their confidence in their abilities in Biology, Physics, and Chemistry at after attending any classes.
The level of comprehension in Chemistry directly correlated with confidence in chemistry, but actual comprehension and performance in Biology and Physics did not correlate their students’
supposed confidence in those subjects.
From what we’ve learned by the surveys and coursework analyses, results indicate that even though students did not take the courses of Biology and Physics in high school, it doesn’t necessarily mean that they will not be able to perform well in these courses and fields in the future, but care needs to be taken to improve their comprehension and performance while studying at university
Key Words
㧦state for courses at high school
㨮science-related courses
㩷㪩㪼㪺㪼㫀㫍㪼㪻㩷㪊㩷㪛㪼㪺㪼㫄㪹㪼㫉㩷㪉㪇㪇㪐㪒㩷㪸㪺㪺㪼㫇㫋㪼㪻㩷㪎㪃㩷㪡㪸㫅㫌㪸㫉㫐㩷㪉㪇㪈㪇㩷
