トラウマの構造化開示が外傷後ストレス反応とワーキング・メモリ容量に及ぼす影響 : 外傷後ストレス障害の認知モデルに基づく検討

࠻࡜࠙ࡑߩ᭴ㅧൻ㐿␜߇ᄖ்ᓟࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ෻ᔕߣ

ࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣ࡮ࡔࡕ࡝ኈ㊂ߦ෸߷ߔᓇ㗀

́ᄖ்ᓟࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ㓚ኂߩ⹺⍮ࡕ࠺࡞ߦၮߠߊᬌ⸛́

ਛ㊁෼ᄥ

_{ ਭᭉ⾆ᕺ}

_{ ศ↰⌀↱ሶ}

_{ ૒⮮ஜੑ}

The effects of structured disclosure of trauma

on traumatic stress reactions and working memory capacity

: An examination based on the cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder

Syuta NAKANO

, Kie KUTARA

, Mayuko YOSHIDA

, and Kenji SATO

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare health and cognitive functioning among disclosure structured to enhance the cognitive restructuring (i.e. structured disclosure), disclosure about emotions and thoughts freely (i.e. free disclosure), and neutral disclosure conditions. Healthy undergraduates (n=41) at 9 or more scores of Impact of Event Scale (IES) , which measures posttraumatic stress reactions (PTSR), were participants. All the participants were asked to write for 20 minutes on 3 days. Participants in the structured disclosure group (n=14) were asked to write adaptive thought of the event. The free disclosure group (n=13) wrote the deepest emotion and thought about the trauma freely. The control group (n=14)㩷 wrote their plan after the experiment without emotion. Results indicated that only the structured disclosure condition evidenced significantly increased working memory capacity (WMC), measured by operation span task, from pre assessment to 1month follow-up assessment. All the participants in the groups revealed significantly improvement in IES score from pre assessment to 1 month follow-up assessment. It is suggested that structured disclosure increases cognitive functioning.

Keywords: structured disclosure, trauma, working memory

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PTSR ߩૐᷫߣஜᐽߩჇㅴࠍ␜ߒ㧘࠻࡜ ࠙ࡑ߳ߩኻಣᴺߣߒߡߩ᭴ㅧൻ㐿␜ߩ᦭ ↪ᕈࠍ␜ߒߚޕ

৻ᣇ㧘Klein & Boals(2001)ߪ㧘╩⸥㐿 ␜ߩലᨐࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓߣߒߡ㧘WM ࠍ⠨ᘦ ߦ౉ࠇߚࡕ࠺࡞ࠍឭ᩺ߒߡ޿ࠆޕߘࠇߦ ࠃࠆߣ㧘ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬࡈ࡞ߥ૕㛎ߩ⥄↱㐿␜ ߪਇචಽߢ޽ߞߚ⸥ᙘߩ૕೙ൻࠍଦㅴߔ ࠆ௛߈߇޽ࠆߣᜰ៰ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ૕೙ൻߐ ࠇߚ⸥ᙘߪᗧ⼂ߦଚ౉ߒߦߊߊߥࠆߚ߼㧘 ଚ౉⊛ߥᕁ⠨ࠍᛥ೙ߔࠆߚ߼ߦᶖ⾌ߐࠇ ߡ޿ߚ WM ࠍ࿁ᓳߔࠆޕߘߩ WM ߩჇᄢ ߦࠃߞߡ㧘໧㗴⸃᳿߇ଦㅴߐࠇ㧘ᦨ⚳⊛ ߦߪஜᐽࠍჇㅴߔࠆߣ޿߁৻ㅪߩㆊ⒟ࠍ ᜰ៰ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ߹ߚ㧘ㄭᐕߢߪ㧘WM ߇ ᔃᜉᄌേᕈߣ㑐ㅪߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘⋥ធஜᐽ⁁ ᘒߦᓇ㗀ߔࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆߎߣ߽ᜰ៰ߐ ࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔Thayer & Brosscho, 2005㧕ޕ ߟ߹ࠅ㧘WM ߪ࠻࡜࠙ࡑ㐿␜ߦࠃߞߡ߽ Ⴧᄢߐࠇࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆߣߣ߽ߦ㧘ஜᐽ Ⴧㅴ߳ߩ㊀ⷐߥᇦ੺ᄌᢙߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄ ࠇ㧘╩⸥㐿␜ߩࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓߩ⸃᣿ߩ਄ߢ ㊀ⷐߥᄌᢙߣ޿߃ࠆޕ ߎߩࠃ߁ߥᵹࠇߩਛߢ㧘ᧄ㇌ߢ߽࠻࡜ ࠙ࡑߦኻߔࠆ⹺⍮⊛ౣ⹏ଔߩଦㅴࠍᗧ࿑ ߒߚ᭴ㅧൻ㐿␜߇૞ᚑߐࠇ㧘ਛᦼ⊛ߥ PTSR ߿ WM ߦ෸߷ߔᓇ㗀߇ᬌ⸛ߐࠇߡ ޿ࠆޕદ⮮ࠄ(2009)ߪ㧘࠻࡜࠙ࡑ૕㛎߆ ࠄ 1 ࡨ᦬એ਄⚻ㆊᓟ߽ PTSR ࠍ๒ߔࠆ⠪ ࠍኻ⽎ߦ㧘࠻࡜࠙ࡑߩ᭴ㅧൻ㐿␜߇㐳ᦼ ⊛ߥᔃりᯏ⢻ߦ෸߷ߔᓇ㗀ࠍᬌ⸛ߒߚޕ ߘߩ⚿ᨐ㧘᭴ㅧൻ㐿␜⟲ߪ⛔೙⟲ߦᲧߴ ߡ╩⸥⚳ੌ⋥ᓟ߆ࠄ㧝ࡨ᦬ᓟߦ߆ߌߡߩ WM ߩᄌൻ㊂߇ᄢ߈޿ߎߣࠍ␜ߒ㧘᭴ㅧ ൻ㐿␜ߩ৻ቯߩ᦭ലᕈࠍ␜ໂߒߚޕ߹ߚ㧘 ໜᶧਛࠦ࡞࠴࠱࡯࡞Ớᐲߢߪ㧘᭴ㅧൻ㐿 ␜㧘⥄↱㐿␜㧘⛔೙㐿␜ߩో⟲ߦ߅޿ߡ ૐᷫ߇⷗ࠄࠇߚ߇㧘ਛᦼ⊛ߦ⛔೙⟲ߢᖡ ൻߒߚߩߦኻߒ㧘᭴ㅧൻ㐿␜ߣ⥄↱㐿␜ ߦ߅޿ߡߪᖡൻ߇⷗ࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚޕߟ߹ ࠅౝಽᴲ♽ߩᡷༀ߇⛽ᜬߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘࠻ ࡜࠙ࡑ㐿␜ߩౝಽᴲ♽ߩᡷༀ⛽ᜬലᨐ߇ ␜ߐࠇߚޕߒ߆ߒ㧘PTSR ߪో⟲ߢૐᷫ ߇⷗ࠄࠇ㧘࠻࡜࠙ࡑ૕㛎߳ߩኻಣᴺߣߒ ߡචಽߥലᨐߪ⏕⹺ߐࠇߥ߆ߞߚޕߐࠄ ߦ㧘દ⮮ࠄ(2009)ߢߪ㧘᭴ㅧൻ㐿␜⟲ߩ ߺߢઁ⟲ࠃࠅ߽╩⸥ᤨ㑆߇㐳޿ߣ޿߁໧ 㗴ὐ߇޽ࠅ㧘ߘߩߎߣ߇⚿ᨐߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ ߃ߡ޿ߚน⢻ᕈ߽޽ࠆޕ ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘ࠊ߇࿖ߦ߅޿ߡߪ᭴ㅧൻ 㐿␜ߩ᣿⏕ߥஜᐽჇㅴലᨐߪᧂߛ⏕⹺ߐ ࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ޕ࠻࡜࠙ࡑ૕㛎߳ߩኻಣᴺߣ ߒߡ᦭↪ߥ᭴ㅧൻ㐿␜ࠍ⏕┙ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘 ᭴ㅧൻ㐿␜ߩᚻ⛯߈ߦߟ޿ߡᬌ⸛ࠍⴕ߁ ᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆޕ દ⮮ࠄ(2009)ߩ᭴ㅧൻ㐿␜ᚻ⛯߈ࠍࠃ ࠅലᨐ⊛ߦߔࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪએਅ ߩ 2 ὐߦᵈ⋡ߒߚޕ1 ὐ⋡ߣߒߡ㧘PTSR ߩ⛽ᜬߦ㑐ㅪߒߡ޿ߚࡀࠟ࠹ࠖࡉߥ⹺⍮ ⊛⹏ଔࠍ․ቯߢ߈ߡ߅ࠄߕ㧘⹺⍮⊛ౣ⹏ ଔߩଦㅴ߇ਇචಽߢ޽ߞߚน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆޕ PTSR ߩૐᷫߦലᨐࠍ޽ߍߡ޿ࠆ⹺⍮≮ ᴺ㧔Ehlers et al., 2005㧕ߢߪ㧘ᓥ᧪ߩ⹺ ⍮≮ᴺߣߪ⇣ߥࠅ㧘ࠗࡔ࡯ࠫ߿╩⸥ߦࠃ ࠆ᥸㔺ࠍ↪޿ߡ㧘࠻࡜࠙ࡑ⸥ᙘߩਛᩭ⊛ ㇱಽ㧔ޟstuck pointޠ߿ޟhot spotsޠ㧕ࠍ ᣿⏕ൻߔࠆߎߣࠍ㊀ⷞߒߡ޿ࠆޕ࠻࡜࠙ ࡑ⸥ᙘߩਛᩭ⊛ㇱಽߪ㧘ᗐ⿠ᤨߦ࠻࡜࠙ ࡑ⸥ᙘਛߢ߽․ߦ㜞޿ࡀࠟ࠹ࠖࡉᗵᖱ߿ ⧰∩ࠍ઻߁ߣߣ߽ߦ㧔Grey, Holmes,& Brewin, 2001㧕㧘ଚ౉⊛ߥࠗࡔ࡯ࠫߣ㜞޿ ৻ ⥌ ࠍ ␜ ߔ 㧔 Holmes, Grey,& Young,

2005㧕ޕߎߩߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘࠻࡜࠙ࡑ⸥ᙘߩਛ ᩭ⊛ㇱಽߢ↢ߓߡ޿ࠆ⹺⍮⊛ߥ⪾⮮㧔ᣢ ሽߩࠬࠠ࡯ࡑߣߩ⺞▵ਇో㧕߿㧘ࡀࠟ࠹ ࠖࡉߥ⹺⍮⊛⹏ଔ߇ PTSR ߩ⛽ᜬߦᄢ߈ ߊ ᓇ 㗀 ߒ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ߣ ⠨ ߃ ࠄ ࠇ ߡ ޿ ࠆ 㧔Ehlers & Clark, 2000㧕ޕߘߩߚ߼㧘ߎ ߩᄌኈ߇ᴦ≮ߩ 1 ߟߩ⋡ᮡߣߥࠆߚ߼㧘 ࠻࡜࠙ࡑ⸥ᙘߩਛᩭ⊛ㇱಽߩ․ቯ߇߹ߕ ㊀ⷐߣߥࠆޕ৻ᣇ㧘࠻࡜࠙ࡑ㐿␜ߦ߅޿ ߡ߽㧘╩⸥ߩᦨೋߩ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߢໜᶧਛ ࠦ࡞࠴࠱࡯࡞Ớᐲ߇㜞߹ߞߚ⠪߶ߤ㧘ਛ ᦼ⊛ߥ PTSR ߇ᄢ߈ߊૐᷫߔࠆߎߣ߇␜ ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔Sloan & Marx, 2004㧕ޕໜᶧ ਛࠦ࡞࠴࠱࡯࡞Ớᐲߪࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߦ㑐ㅪߒ ߡ਄᣹ߔࠆߎߣ߇᭽ޘߥ⎇ⓥߢႎ๔ߐࠇ ߡ߅ࠅ㧘࠻࡜࠙ࡑ㐿␜ߦ߅ߌࠆໜᶧਛࠦ ࡞࠴࠱࡯࡞ߩ਄᣹ߪ㧘࠻࡜࠙ࡑ⸥ᙘߩࠃ ࠅਛᩭ⊛ㇱಽ߳ߩ᥸㔺ߦࠃࠅ↢ߓߚᕆᕈ ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ෻ᔕߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕߟ߹ࠅ㧘࠻ ࡜࠙ࡑ㐿␜ߦ߅޿ߡ߽㧘╩⸥࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦ ߩೋᦼߦ߅޿ߡ࠻࡜࠙ࡑ⸥ᙘߩਛᩭ⊛ㇱ ಽߦߟ޿ߡ╩⸥ߔࠆߎߣ߇㧘PTSR ߩૐ ᷫߦ᦭↪ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ ߐࠄߦ㧘࠻࡜࠙ࡑ⸥ᙘߩਛᩭ⊛ㇱಽએ ᄖߦ߽㧘࠻࡜࠙ࡑߩ⚿ᨐ㧔࠻࡜࠙ࡑߩᓟ ㆮ∝߿㧘૕㛎ᓟߩ๟࿐ߩ෻ᔕߥߤ㧕ߦኻ ߔࠆࡀࠟ࠹ࠖࡉߥ⹺⍮⊛⹏ଔ߽㧘PTSR ߩ⛽ᜬߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆߎߣ߇ႎ๔ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ 㧔 Steil & Ehlers, 2000 ; Dunmore, Clark, & Ehlers, 2001㧕ޕߘߩߚ߼㧘࠻࡜ ࠙ࡑߩ⚿ᨐߦኻߔࠆ⧰∩߿࿎㔍ߦߟ޿ߡ ߽᣿⏕ൻߒ㧘ߘߎߦઃടߐࠇߚࡀࠟ࠹ࠖ ࡉߥ⹺⍮⊛⹏ଔ߇ᄌኈߔࠆߎߣ߇㧘ലᨐ ⊛ ߥ ੺ ౉ ߦ ߪ ᔅ ⷐ ߣ ߥ ࠆ 㧔 Ehlers & Clark, 2000㧕ޕߒ߆ߒ㧘દ⮮ࠄ(2009)ߩ᭴ ㅧൻ㐿␜ߢߪ㧘࠻࡜࠙ࡑ⸥ᙘ߳ߩ᥸㔺ࠍ ଦߔᣇᴺߣߒߡ࠻࡜࠙ࡑߩ⥄↱㐿␜ࠍ↪ ޿ߡ޿ߚޕ࠻࡜࠙ࡑߩ⥄↱㐿␜ߢߪ㧘࠻ ࡜࠙ࡑߦ㑐ߔࠆᕁ⠨߿ᗵᖱࠍ⥄↱ߦត᳞ ߔࠆߎߣࠍ᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆߚ߼㧘࠻࡜࠙ࡑ⸥ ᙘߩਛᩭ⊛ㇱಽ߿࠻࡜࠙ࡑߩ⚿ᨐߦኻߔ ࠆ⧰∩߿࿎㔍ߦߟ޿ߡߩ╩⸥㧔ᗐ⿠㧕߇㧘 ᔅߕߒ߽ⴕࠊࠇߥ޿น⢻ᕈ߇޽ߞߚޕߘ ߩߚ߼ߦ㧘PTSR ߩ⛽ᜬߦᓇ㗀ߒߡ޿ࠆ ࡀࠟ࠹ࠖࡉߥ⹺⍮⊛⹏ଔߩ․ቯ߇ਇචಽ ߣߥࠅ㧘ߘߩᓟߩ⹺⍮⊛ౣ⹏ଔߩଦㅴࠍ ᗧ࿑ߒߚᚻ⛯߈߇㧘PTSR ߩૐᷫߦචಽ ߦᯏ⢻ߒߥ߆ߞߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕߘߎߢ㧘 ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘Resick ࠄߩ⹺⍮ಣℂ≮ᴺ߿㧘 Ehlers ࠄߩ⹺⍮≮ᴺࠍෳ⠨ߦ㧘ޟ࠻࡜࠙ࡑ ૕㛎ߩਛߢ㧘ᦨ߽ㄆ߆ߞߚߎߣ߿ᦨ߽േ ំߒߚߎߣ㧔࠻࡜࠙ࡑ⸥ᙘߩਛᩭ⊛ㇱ ಽ㧕ޠߣޟ࠻࡜࠙ࡑ૕㛎ߩᓟߢ㧘ߘߩ૕㛎 ߇ේ࿃ߢᦨ߽⧰∩ࠍᗵߓࠆߎߣ߿ᖠ߹ߐ ࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ㧔࠻࡜࠙ࡑߩ⚿ᨐߩࡀࠟ࠹ ࠖࡉߥ஥㕙㧕ޠߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ߘߩߣ߈ߩ⁁ᴫ㧘 ᕁ⠨߿ᗵᖱࠍ੤߃ߥ߇ࠄ㧘ߢ߈ࠆߛߌ⹦ ⚦ߦ╩⸥ߒߚ਄ߢ㧘ߘߩߎߣ߆ࠄᕁ߁ࠃ ߁ߦߥߞߚࡀࠟ࠹ࠖࡉߥ⹺⍮⊛⹏ଔߩ╩ ⸥ࠍ᳞߼ࠆᚻ⛯߈ࠍዉ౉ߒߚޕ ᰴߦ㧘໧㗴ὐߩ 2 ὐ⋡ߣߒߡࡀࠟ࠹ࠖ ࡉߥ⹺⍮⊛⹏ଔߦᄌࠊࠆ⹺⍮ࠍ↢ᚑߒߚ ᓟߩಣℂ߇ਇචಽߢ޽ߞߚน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆޕ

Grey, Young,& Holmes(2002)߿ Ehlers et al.(2005)ߪ㧘ࡀࠟ࠹ࠖࡉߥ⹺⍮⊛⹏ଔ ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ߘࠇࠍᡰᜬߔࠆ⸽᜚߿ᡰᜬߒ ߥ޿⸽᜚ߥߤࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆᓥ᧪ߩ⹺⍮⊛ౣ ⹏ଔߩᚻ⛯ߩߺߢߪ㧘PTSR ߩ⛽ᜬߦ㑐 ㅪߔࠆࡀࠟ࠹ࠖࡉߥ⹺⍮⊛⹏ଔߩᄌኈߦ ߪਇචಽߢ޽ࠆߣㅀߴߡ޿ࠆޕᓥ᧪ߩ⹺ ⍮⊛ౣ૕೙ൻߩᚻ⛯߈ߩߺߢߪ㧘ޟᖚ⠪ߪ ⥄ಽߩ⠨߃߇ᱜ⏕ߢߥ޿ߎߣߪ⺰ℂ⊛ߦ

ޟࠊ߆ࠆޠ߇㧘߹ߛหߓࠃ߁ߦޟᗵߓࠆޠ 㧔Grey et al., 2002 p.43㧕ޠ㧘ޟ⍮⊛ߥᵢኤ ߦ⚳ࠊߞߡߒ߹޿㧘ଚ౉⊛ߥ⸥ᙘࠍᄌൻ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߪ ߢ ߈ ߥ ޿ 㧔 Ehlers, 2008 p.113㧕ޠߣㅀߴߡ޿ࠆޕߘߩߚ߼㧘ࡀࠟ ࠹ࠖࡉߥ⹺⍮⊛⹏ଔߩᄌኈߦߪ㧘ࡀࠟ࠹ ࠖࡉߥ⹺⍮⊛⹏ଔ߇↢ߓࠆ⸥ᙘߦ㧘ࡀࠟ ࠹ࠖࡉߥ⹺⍮⊛⹏ଔߣ⋧෻ߔࠆᖱႎࠍࠕ ࠶ࡊ࠺࡯࠻ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߣᜰ៰ߒߡ޿ ࠆޕౕ૕⊛ߦߪ㧘࠻࡜࠙ࡑߩ޽ࠆᤨὐߢ ޟߘߩ಴᧪੐߇⿠߈ߚߩߪ⥄ಽߩࡋࡑߩ ߖ޿ޠߣ޿߁ࡀࠟ࠹ࠖࡉߥ⹺⍮⊛⹏ଔࠍ ⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ႐ว㧘ޟ⑳ߪ⥄ಽߩߣߞߚⴕേ ࠍߺࠎߥ߇⹏ଔߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ⍮ߞߡ޿ ࠆޠߣ޿߁ᖱႎ߿㧘ޟ⥄ಽߪߘߩ⁁ᴫߢߢ ߈ࠆᦨༀࠍዧߊߒߡ޿ߚޠߩࠃ߁ߥ㧘ᣂ ߒ޿ㆡᔕ⊛ߥ⹺⍮⊛⹏ଔࠍ㧘ߘߩ⸥ᙘߩ ᤨὐߦᝌ౉ߒ⸥ᙘࠍ࿕ቯߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆޕ ߒ߆ߒ㧘દ⮮ࠄ(2009)ߩ᭴ㅧൻ㐿␜ߢߪ㧘 ࡀࠟ࠹ࠖࡉߥ⹺⍮⊛⹏ଔߦᄌࠊࠆㆡᔕ⊛ ߥ⹺⍮ߩ↢ᚑߩߺߢ⚳ࠊߞߡ߅ࠅ㧘ᖱႎ ࠍ࠻࡜࠙ࡑ⸥ᙘߦࠕ࠶ࡊ࠺࡯࠻ߔࠆᚻ⛯ ߈߇᣿⏕ߢߪߥ߆ߞߚޕߘߩߚ߼ߦ㧘ࡀ ࠟ࠹ࠖࡉߥ⹺⍮⊛⹏ଔߩᄌኈ߇ਇචಽߢ ޽ߞߚน⢻ᕈ߇޽ߞߚޕ ߘߎߢ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘Grey et al.(2002) ߿㧘Ehlers et al.(2005)ࠍෳ⠨ߦ㧘ࡀࠟ࠹ ࠖࡉߥ⹺⍮⊛⹏ଔߣ⋧෻ߔࠆᖱႎ߿㧘ࡀ ࠟ࠹ࠖࡉߥ⹺⍮⊛⹏ଔߦᄌࠊࠆᣂߒ޿ㆡ ᔕ⊛ߥ⹺⍮ࠍ↢ᚑߒߚᓟ㧘࠻࡜࠙ࡑ⸥ᙘ ߩਛᩭ⊛ㇱಽ߿࠻࡜࠙ࡑߩ⚿ᨐߦኻߔࠆ ⧰∩߿࿎㔍ߦߟ޿ߡౣᐲ╩⸥ࠍ᳞߼㧘ߘ ߩਛߦࡀࠟ࠹ࠖࡉߥ⹺⍮⊛⹏ଔߣ⋧෻ߔ ࠆᖱႎ߿ᣂߒ޿ㆡᔕ⊛ߥ⹺⍮ࠍᦠ߈ട߃ ࠆᚻ⛯߈ࠍዉ౉ߒߚޕ એ਄ߩߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘࠻࡜࠙ ࡑ૕㛎߳ߩ᦭↪ߥኻಣᴺࠍ⏕┙ߔࠆߚ߼ ߦ㧘ࠃࠅലᨐ⊛ߦ⹺⍮⊛ౣ⹏ଔ߇ⴕࠊࠇ ࠆࠃ߁ߦᚻ⛯߈ࠍᡷ⸓ߒߚ᭴ㅧൻ㐿␜ߦ ࠃߞߡ࠻࡜࠙ࡑ૕㛎ࠍ㐿␜ߔࠆߎߣ߇㧘 ᔃりߩ⁁ᘒߦ෸߷ߔᓇ㗀ࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣ ࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚޕߘߩ㓙㧘દ⮮ࠄ(2009)ߩ ໧㗴ὐࠍ߰߹߃㧘᭴ㅧൻ㐿␜㧘⥄↱㐿␜㧘 ⛔೙㐿␜ߦ߅ߌࠆ╩⸥ᤨ㑆ࠍឥ߃ߚ਄ߢ㧘 ᭴ㅧൻ㐿␜ߩᓇ㗀ࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆޕ ᣇᴺ 㧝㧚ታ㛎දജ⠪ߩ᛽಴  A ⋵ౝߩ 4 ᐕ೙ᄢቇߦ࿷☋ߔࠆቇ↢ 1545 ฬࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߡ㧘⻠⟵೨ᓟߩᤨ㑆ߦ ᧄታ㛎ߩ⺑᣿ળࠍታᣉߔࠆ๔⍮ࠍⴕߞߚޕ ߘߩ㓙㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥࠍޟࡀࠟ࠹ࠖࡉߥᗵᖱ૕ 㛎ࠍᦠ߈✄ࠆߎߣ߇ᔃりᯏ⢻ߦ෸߷ߔᓇ 㗀ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥޠߣ⚫੺ߒߚޕ⺑᣿ળߦ ߪ 148 ฬ߇ෳടߒ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥߩ⋡⊛㧘ෳട ⠪߇දജߔࠆౝኈߥߤࠍ⺑᣿ߒ㧘ታ㛎ෳ ട߳ߩᗧᔒࠍુߞߚޕ⚿ᨐ 84 ฬ߆ࠄෳട ߳ߩหᗧࠍᓧߡ㧘ߘߩ႐ߢหᗧᦠࠍᦠ޿ ߡ߽ࠄߞߚޕߘߩᓟ╩⸥࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦ߹ߢ ߦ㧘ᣣ⒟⺞ᢛߩ࿎㔍╬ߩℂ↱ߢ 5 ฬ߇࠼ ࡠ࠶ࡊࠕ࠙࠻ߒ㧘ࠞ࠙ࡦ࠮࡝ࡦࠣ߿ቇ↢ ⋧⺣ࠍฃ⸻ਛߢ޽ߞߚ 4 ฬߦߪ㧘ઁߩᴦ ≮ലᨐߣ╩⸥ߩലᨐߩ੤⛊ࠍㆱߌࠆߚ߼ ߦෳടਛᱛࠍ᳞߼ߚޕࠃߞߡή૞ὑߦഀ ࠅᒰߡࠄࠇߚ᭴ㅧൻ㐿␜⟲ 25 ฬ㧘⥄↱㐿 ␜⟲ 26 ฬ㧘⛔೙⟲ 24 ฬߩ 3 ⟲㧘⸘ 75 ฬߦኻߒߡ╩⸥࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦࠍ㐿ᆎߒߚޕ ߹ߚ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥߪ㧘PTSR ࠍ๒ߔࠆ࠻࡜࠙ ࡑ૕㛎⠪ࠍኻ⽎ߦᬌ⸛ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ ߣߒߡ޿ߚߚ߼㧘࠻࡜࠙ࡑ૕㛎߆ࠄ 1 ࡨ ᦬ᧂḩߩ 4 ฬߣ㧘PTSR ߇ਛ⒟ᐲ㧔9 ὐ㧕 ᧂḩߩ 21 ฬࠍᧄ⎇ⓥߩಽᨆ߆ࠄ㒰ᄖߒ

ߚޕߐࠄߦ 3 ࡨ᦬ᓟߩࡈࠜࡠ࡯ࠕ࠶ࡊᤨ ߦ㧘ታ㛎ᦼ㑆ਛߦ࠻࡜࠙ࡑ૕㛎߇⛮⛯ਛ ߢ޽ߞߚ 2 ฬߣ㧘ታ㛎ᦼ㑆ਛߦ࠻࡜࠙ࡑ ૕㛎ߣ㘃ૃߒߚ⚻㛎ࠍߒߚ 7 ฬߦߟ޿ߡ ߪ㧘࠻࡜࠙ࡑ㑐ㅪೝỗ߳ߩᦑ㔺ߦࠃࠆല ᨐߣ╩⸥ߩലᨐߣߩ੤⛊ࠍㆱߌࠆߚ߼㧘 ᧄ⎇ⓥߩಽᨆ߆ࠄ㒰ᄖߒߚޕ⚿ᨐ㧘ᦨ⚳ ⊛ߥಽᨆኻ⽎⠪ߪ⸘ 41 ฬ㧔ᐔဋᐕ㦂 18.83㧘SD=.95㧘↵ᕈ 11 ฬ㧘ᅚᕈ 30 ฬ㧕 ߣߥࠅ㧘᭴ㅧൻ㐿␜⟲ 14 ฬ(↵ᕈ 4 ฬ㧘 ᅚᕈ 10 ฬ)㧘⥄↱㐿␜⟲ 13 ฬ(↵ᕈ 4 ฬ㧘 ᅚᕈ 9 ฬ)㧘⛔೙⟲ 14 ฬ(↵ᕈ 3 ฬ㧘ᅚᕈ 11 ฬ)ߣߥߞߚޕ 2㧚᷹ᐲ ᷹ᐲߪ୘ੱᏅ⛔೙ᄌᢙ㧘ታ㛎ᠲ૞ߩᅷᒰ ᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆᄌᢙ㧘ലᨐᄌᢙߦᄢ೎ߐࠇߚޕ 2-1㧕୘ੱᏅ⛔೙ᄌᢙ a㧕ታ㛎೨ߦ߅ߌࠆ⛔೙ᄌᢙ ᛥ߁ߟߩ⒟ᐲ㧦ᛥ߁ߟߩ⒟ᐲߪ㧘Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale ᣣᧄ⺆ 㧔Radloff㧘1977㧧ፉࠄ㧘 1985㧧એਅ㧘CES-D ߣ⇛⸥㧕ߦࠃࠅ᷹ቯ ߒߚޕCES-D ߪ㧘߁ߟ∛ߩ∉ቇ⎇ⓥ↪ߦ 㐿⊒ߐࠇߚో 20 㗄⋡߆ࠄߥࠆ⥄Ꮖ⸥౉ ᑼߩዤᐲߢ㧘⃻࿷ߩᛥ߁ߟ⁁ᘒࠍ᷹ቯߔ ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕฦ㗄⋡ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ᦨㄭ 㧝ㅳ㑆ߢߩ⚻㛎㗫ᐲࠍ㧘0㧔1 ᣣᧂḩ㧕㨪 3㧔5-7 ᣣ㧕ߩ 4 ઙᴺߢ࿁╵ߒߚޕ ࠕ࡟ࠠࠪࠨࠗࡒࠕ௑ะ㧦ࠕ࡟ࠠࠪࠨࠗ ࡒࠕ௑ะߪ㧘Tront Alexithymia Scale 20 㗄 ⋡ ᡷ ⸓   ᣣ ᧄ ⺆   㧔 Bagby et al. 㧘 1994㧧ዊ’ࠄ㧘2003㧧એਅ㧘TAS-20 ߣ ⇛⸥㧕ߦࠃࠅ᷹ቯߒߚޕTAS-20 ߪ㧘ో 20 㗄⋡߆ࠄߥࠆ⥄Ꮖ⸥౉ᑼߩዤᐲߢ㧘ࠕ ࡟ࠠࠪࠨࠗࡒࠕ௑ะࠍ᷹ቯߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ ߈ࠆޕฦ㗄⋡ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘1㧔߹ߞߚߊᒰߡ ߪ߹ࠄߥ޿㧕㨪5㧔㕖Ᏹߦᒰߡߪ߹ࠆ㧕ߩ 5 ઙᴺߢ࿁╵ߒߚޕ  ࠻࡜࠙ࡑ૕㛎ࠍ㐿␜ߒߚ⒟ᐲ㧔એਅ㧘 㐿␜ᐲߣ⴫⸥㧕㧦㐿␜ᐲࠍ᷹ቯߔࠆߚ߼ߦ ޟߎࠇ߹ߢߦ㧘ߘߩ಴᧪੐ߦߟ޿ߡߤߩ ߊࠄ޿ᗵᖱ߿ᕁ޿ࠍઁ⠪ߦᛂߜ᣿ߌ߹ߒ ߚ߆ޠߦߟ޿ߡ㧘1㧔߹ߞߚߊߥ޿㧕㨪7 㧔㕖Ᏹߦ޽ࠆ㧕ߩ 7 ઙᴺߢ࿁╵ߒߚޕ  ࠻࡜࠙ࡑ૕㛎ࠍ㐿␜ߒߚ޿ߣᗵߓߡ޿ ࠆ⒟ᐲ㧔એਅ㧘㐿␜᰼᳞ᐲߣ⴫⸥㧕㧦㐿␜ ᰼᳞ᐲࠍ᷹ቯߔࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘ޟ੹⃻࿷㧘ߘߩ ಴᧪੐ߦߟ޿ߡߤߩߊࠄ޿ᗵᖱ߿ᕁ޿ࠍ ઁ⠪ߦ⹤ߒߚ޿ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ߆ޠߦߟ޿ߡ㧘 1㧔߹ߞߚߊߥ޿㧕㨪7㧔㕖Ᏹߦ޽ࠆ㧕ߩ 7 ઙᴺߢ࿁╵ߒߚޕ b㧕ࡈࠜࡠ࡯ࠕ࠶ࡊᦼ㑆ߦ߅ߌࠆ⛔೙ᄌᢙ  ╩⸥࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦ⚳ੌᓟߦ㤩⠨ߒߚ⒟ᐲ 㧔એਅ㧘㤩⠨ᐲߣ⴫⸥㧕㧦㤩⠨ᐲࠍ᷹ቯߔ ࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘ޟታ㛎߇⚳ࠊߞߡ߆ࠄߎࠇ߹ߢ ߦޔߘߩ಴᧪੐ߦߟ޿ߡߤߩߊࠄ޿㤩⠨ ߒ߹ߒߚ߆ޠߦߟ޿ߡ㧘1㧔߹ߞߚߊߥ޿㧕 㨪7㧔㕖Ᏹߦ޽ࠆ㧕ߩ 7 ઙᴺߢ࿁╵ߒߚޕ  ਥⷰ⊛ߥࠬ࠻࡟ࠬߩ⒟ᐲ㧦Perceived Stress Scale ᣣᧄ⺆ 㧔㣐⷗㧘2006㧧એ ਅ PSS ߣ⇛⸥㧕ߦࠃࠅ᷹ቯߒߚޕPSS ߪ㧘 ో 14 㗄⋡߆ࠄߥࠆ⥄Ꮖ⸥౉ᑼߩዤᐲߢ㧘 ୘ੱߩ↢ᵴ࡮⚻㛎ߦ߅޿ߡ⍮ⷡߐࠇߚࠬ ࠻࡟ࠬࠍ൮᜝⊛ߦ⹏ଔߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕ ฦ㗄⋡ߦߟ޿ߡᦨㄭ 1 ࡨ᦬ߢߩ⚻㛎㗫ᐲ ࠍ㧘1㧔߹ߞߚߊߥ߆ߞߚ㧕㨪5㧔޿ߟ߽ ޽ߞߚ㧕ߩ 5 ઙᴺߢ࿁╵ߒߚޕ 2-2㧕ታ㛎ᠲ૞ߩᅷᒰᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆᄌᢙ ⠨߃߿᳇ಽ߇ᦠߌߚ⒟ᐲ㧔એਅ㧘ᗵᖱ ╩⸥ᐲߣ⴫⸥㧕㧦ᗵᖱ╩⸥ᐲࠍ᷹ቯߔࠆߚ ߼ߦ㧘ޟߎߎࠈߩᅏᐩߦ޽ࠆ⠨߃ߣ᳇ᜬߜ

ࠍ㧘ߤࠇߊࠄ޿ᦠ߈⴫ߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߒ ߚ߆㧫ޠߦߟ޿ߡ㧘0㧔߹ߞߚߊߘ߁ᕁࠊ ߥ޿㧕㨪10㧔߹ߞߚߊߘ߁ᕁ߁㧕ߩ 11 ઙ ᴺߢ዆ߨߚޕ ᭴ㅧൻ㐿␜⟲ߩߺ㧘╩⸥࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦ 3 ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘╩⸥ਛߦࡀࠟ࠹ࠖࡉߥ⠨߃߇ ᄌൻߒߚ⒟ᐲ㧔એਅ㧘ࡀࠟ࠹ࠖࡉߥ⹺⍮ ⊛⹏ଔߩᄌൻᐲ㧕㧦ࡀࠟ࠹ࠖࡉߥ⹺⍮⊛⹏ ଔᄌൻᐲࠍ᷹ቯߔࠆߚ߼ߦޟએ೨ߩࡀࠟ ࠹ࠖࡉߥ⠨߃ߣߪ㆑߁⠨߃㧔⷗ᣇ㧕߇ߢ ߈߹ߒߚ߆㧫ޠߦߟ޿ߡ㧘0㧔߹ߞߚߊߘ ߁ᕁࠊߥ޿㧕㨪10㧔߹ߞߚߊߘ߁ᕁ߁㧕 ߩ 11 ઙᴺߢ዆ߨߚޕ 2-3㧕ലᨐᄌᢙ PTSR ߩ⒟ᐲ㧦PTSR ߩ⒟ᐲߪ㧘Impact of Event Scale ᣣᧄ⺆ 㧔Horowits et al.㧘 1979㧧Asukai & Miyake㧘1998㧧એਅ㧘 IES ߣ⇛⸥㧕ߦࠃࠅ᷹ቯߒߚޕIES ߪ㧘 ో 15 㗄⋡߆ࠄߥࠆ⥄Ꮖ⸥౉ᑼߩዤᐲߢ㧘 ଚ౉∝⁁ 7 㗄⋡ߣ࿁ㆱ∝⁁ 8 㗄⋡ߩ 2 ࿃ ሶ߆ࠄߥࠅ㧘ᄙߊߩ࠻࡜࠙ࡑߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆ ⎇ⓥߦ߅޿ߡ PTSR ߩ᷹ቯߦ↪޿ࠄࠇߡ ޿ࠆޕฦ㗄⋡ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ᦨㄭ 1 ㅳ㑆ߩ⚻ 㛎㗫ᐲࠍ㧘1㧔߹ߞߚߊߥ޿㧕㨪4㧔ߒ߫ ߒ߫޽ࠆ㧕ߩ 4 ઙᴺߢ࿁╵ߔࠆޕ⹏ቯߩ 㓙ߪ㧘1㧔߹ߞߚߊߥ޿㧕ࠍ 0 ὐ㧘2㧔߼ ߞߚߦߥ޿㧕ࠍ 1 ὐ㧘3㧔ᤨޘ޽ࠆ㧕ࠍ 3 ὐ㧘4㧔ߒ߫ߒ߫޽ࠆ㧕ࠍ 5 ὐߣߒߡ▚಴ ߒߚޕ

WM㧦WM ߪ㧘Operation Span Task 㧔Turner & Engle㧘1989㧧એਅ㧘OSPAN ߣ⇛⸥㧕ߦࠃࠅ᷹ቯߒߚޕOSPAN ߪ㧘ࡄ ࠰ࠦࡦࠍ૶ߞߡⴕࠊࠇࠆ߽ߩߢ㧘ᐓᷤ߿ ᅹኂߩਛߢ⺖㗴ߦᵈᗧࠍ⛽ᜬߒ೙ᓮߔࠆ ⢻ജࠍ᷹ቯߔࠆޕᚻ⛯߈ߣߒߡߪ㧘ࡄ࠰ ࠦࡦߩࡕ࠾࠲࡯ߦ◲නߥ⸘▚ᑼߣන⺆߇ ⴫␜ߐࠇ㧘߹ߕ⸘▚ᑼߩᱜ⺋್ᢿࠍⴕ߁ޕ ߘߩᓟ㧘න⺆ࠍ㖸⺒ߒⷡ߃ࠆޕ࡜ࡦ࠳ࡓ ߦ 2㨪7 ୘ߩ▸࿐ߢ⴫␜ߐࠇߚޟ⸘▚ᑼ㧙 න⺆ޠࠍⴕߞߚᓟ㧘࿁╵ߩࡍ࡯ࠫ߇⴫␜ ߐࠇߚࠄ㖸⺒ߒߚන⺆ࠍⷡ߃ߡ޿ࠆ㒢ࠅ ౉ജߔࠆޕߎࠇࠍ 1 ᣉⴕߢ 27 ኻ㧘3 ᣉⴕ ߢ⸘ 81 ኻߩ⺖㗴ࠍⴕ޿㧘ᱜ⺋್ᢿߣන⺆ ᱜ⸃ᢙߥࠄ߮ߦ࿁╵ᤨ㑆߆ࠄ WM ᓧὐࠍ ▚಴ߒߚޕ 3.⎇ⓥߩᚻ⛯߈ 3-1㧕⎇ⓥߩ᭎ⷐ ⎇ⓥදജ⠪ߪ㧘⎇ⓥ⺑᣿ળߩ⠉ޘㅳᓟ ߆ࠄ㧘1 ࿁ 45 ಽ㑆㧘7 ࿁ߦࠊߚࠅታ㛎ቶ ߦ᧪ቶߒ㧘ታ㛎ቶߦ߅޿ߡฦᄌᢙߩ᷹ቯ ߿╩⸥⺖㗴߇ታᣉߐࠇߚޕ ╙ 1 ࿁ߢߪ⛔೙ᄌᢙ߿ലᨐᄌᢙߩࡌ࡯ ࠬ࡜ࠗࡦߩ᷹ቯ㧔╩⸥೨᷹ቯ㧦એਅ pre ߣ⴫⸥㧕㧘╙ 2㨪4 ࿁ߢߪ╩⸥⺖㗴㧔╩⸥ ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦ 1㨪3㧕ࠍ㧘ߘࠇߙࠇ 1 ㅳ㑆ߦ 1 ᐲߩ㗫ᐲߢⴕߞߚޕ╙ 5 ࿁ߢߪ⍴ᦼ⊛ ᓇ㗀ߩ᷹ቯ㧔╩⸥⚳ੌ 2 ㅳ㑆ᓟ᷹ቯ㧦એ ਅ 2wF.U.ߣ⴫⸥㧕㧘╙ 6 ࿁ߢߪਛᦼ⊛ᓇ 㗀ߩ᷹ቯ㧔╩⸥⚳ੌ 1 ࡨ᦬ᓟ᷹ቯ㧦એਅ 1mF.U.ߣ⴫⸥㧕ࠍⴕߞߚޕߘߩᓟ㧘࠺ࠖ ࡉ࡝࡯ࡈࠖࡦࠣߣ⻢␞ߩฃᷰࠍⴕߞߚޕ 3-2㧕⎇ⓥ⺖㗴ߩታᣉⅣႺ  ⾰໧⚕߳ߩ࿁╵㧘OSPAN㧘╩⸥⺖㗴ߪ ታ㛎ቶౝߦ޽ࠆ㒐㖸઀᭽ߩࠪ࡯࡞࠼࡞࡯ ࡓߦߡⴕࠊࠇߚޕ⎇ⓥߩㅴⴕߪ㧘ᔃℂቇ ኾ᡹ߩቇ↢㧔↵ᕈ 2 ฬ㧘ᅚᕈ 4 ฬ㧕߇㧘 ߘࠇߙࠇ 1 ੱߢታᣉߒߚޕ⾰໧⚕߳ߩ࿁ ╵ߣ WM ᷹ቯߩ㓙ߦߪ㧘ㅢᏱߩᾖ᣿ߦ⸳ ቯߒ㧘⎇ⓥ⠪߽ࠪ࡯࡞࠼࡞࡯ࡓౝߦ࿷Ꮸ ߒߚޕ╩⸥⺖㗴ߩ㓙ߪ㧘ᾖ᣿ߪࠬ࠲ࡦ࠼ ࡜ࠗ࠻ߩߺߩ⭯ᥧ޿ⅣႺߢ㧘ෳട⠪ߪ㧝

ੱߢ⺖㗴ߦขࠅ⚵ࠎߛޕ 3-3㧕╩⸥࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߩᚻ⛯߈ߣ╩⸥⺖㗴 ฦ⟲ 1 ࿁ 20 ಽߩ╩⸥⺖㗴ߦ㧘3 ㅳ㑆ߢ ⸘ 3 ࿁ขࠅ⚵ࠎߛޕࠪ࡯࡞࠼࡞࡯ࡓ౉ቶ ᓟ㧘හᤨ⊛ᓇ㗀ߣߒߡ PANAS ߩࡌ࡯ࠬ ࡜ࠗࡦ᷹ቯࠍታᣉߒߚޕߘߩᓟ㧘ฦ⟲ߦ ߅޿ߡ㧘ߘࠇߙࠇߩᢎ␜ࠍ⎇ⓥදജ⠪ߦ ឭ␜ߒ㧘⎇ⓥ⠪߇㖸⺒ߒᢎ␜ࠍⴕߞߚޕ ᢎ␜ߦߟ޿ߡࠊ߆ࠄߥ޿ὐ߇ߥ޿ߎߣࠍ ⎇ⓥදജ⠪ߦ⏕⹺ߒߚᓟ㧘⎇ⓥ⠪ߪࠪ࡯ ࡞࠼࡞࡯ࡓ߆ࠄㅌቶߒ㧘ࠬ࠻࠶ࡊ࠙ࠜ࠶ ࠴ߢᤨ㑆ࠍ᷹ቯߒߚޕ╩⸥㐿ᆎ߆ࠄ 19 ಽ ᓟߦ৻ᐲࡁ࠶ࠢࠍߒ㧘╩⸥㐿ᆎ߆ࠄ 20 ಽ ᓟߦౣᐲࡁ࠶ࠢߒ㧘ታ㛎⠪ߪࠪ࡯࡞࠼࡞ ࡯ࡓߦ౉ቶߒ㧘ඞฬᕈߩ⏕଻ߩߚ߼㧘╩ ⸥‛ࠍኽ╴ߦߒ߹ߞߚޕߘߩᓟ㧘ታ㛎ᠲ ૞ߩᅷᒰᕈߩ⻉ᄌᢙߩ᷹ቯࠍታᣉߒߚޕ ╩⸥‛ߩኽ╴ߪ㧘ࠪ࡯࡞࠼࡞࡯ࡓᄖߦ⸳ ⟎ߒߚ㎛ઃ߈ࡐࠬ࠻ߦ㧘⎇ⓥදജ⠪ߩᚻ ߢᛩವߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߒߚޕฦ⟲߇ขࠅ⚵ࠎ ߛ⺖㗴ߪએਅߩㅢࠅߢ޽ࠆޕ ᭴ㅧൻ㐿␜⟲㧦 ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦ 1 ߢߪ㧘PTSR ߩ⛽ᜬߦ㑐 ㅪߔࠆࡀࠟ࠹ࠖࡉߥ⹺⍮⊛⹏ଔߩ․ቯࠍ ᗧ࿑ߒ㧘࠻࡜࠙ࡑ૕㛎ߦߟ޿ߡએਅߩࠃ ߁ߥੑߟߩ⾰໧ߦᓥߞߡᦠ߈✄ߞߡ߽ࠄ ߞߚޕߥ߅㧘╩⸥ਛߦ⎇ⓥදജ⠪߇೎ߩ ࠻࡜࠙ࡑ૕㛎ߦߟ޿ߡᦠ߈ߚߊߥߞߚ႐ ว㧘੍஻ߩ↪⚕ࠍ૶޿㧘೎ߩ૕㛎ߦߟ޿ ߡ߽ห᭽ߦᦠ޿ߡ߽ࠄߞߚޕ ⾰໧Ԙ㧦ޟߘߩ૕㛎ߩਛߢ㧘ᦨ߽ㄆ߆ߞ ߚߎߣ߿ᦨ߽േំߒߚߎߣޠߦߟ޿ߡᦠ ޿ߡߺ߹ߒࠂ߁ޕߘߩ㓙㧘ߘߩߣ߈ߩ⁁ ᴫ߿㧘ߘߩߣ߈ߩ޽ߥߚߩᗵᖱ߿ᕁ⠨ࠍ ੤߃ߥ߇ࠄ㧘ߘࠇ߇޽ߥߚߦߣߞߡߤߩ ࠃ߁ߥ⚻㛎ߢ޽ߞߚ߆㧘ߢ߈ࠆߛߌ⹦ߒ ߊᦠߊࠃ߁ߦߒ߹ߒࠂ߁ޕᰴߦ㧘ޟߘߩߎ ߣ߆ࠄᕁ߁ࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚࡀࠟ࠹ࠖࡉߥ⠨ ߃ޠߦߟ޿ߡᦠ޿ߡߺ߹ߒࠂ߁ޕ଀߃߫㧘 ޽ߥߚ⥄り߿޽ߥߚߩ዁᧪ߦኻߔࠆ⠨߃㧘 ઁ⠪߿਎⇇ߦኻߔࠆ⠨߃ߥߤߢߔޕ ⾰໧ԙ㧦ޟߘߩ૕㛎ߩᓟߢ㧘ߘߩ૕㛎߇ ේ࿃ߢᦨ߽⧰∩ࠍᗵߓࠆߎߣ߿ᖠ߹ߐࠇ ߡ޿ࠆߎߣޠߦߟ޿ߡᦠ޿ߡߺ߹ߒࠂ߁ޕ ଀߃߫㧘ߘߩ૕㛎ᓟߩ๟࿐ߩੱߩᝄ⥰޿ ߿㧘ߘߩ૕㛎ߩ⚿ᨐ㧘޽ߥߚߦ↢ߓߚᄌ ൻߥߤߢߔޕߘߩ㓙㧘ߢ߈ࠆߛߌ⹦ߒߊ ᦠߊࠃ߁ߦߒ߹ߒࠂ߁ޕᰴߦ㧘ޟߘߩߎߣ ߆ࠄᕁ߁ࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚࡀࠟ࠹ࠖࡉߥ⠨ ߃ޠߦߟ޿ߡᦠ޿ߡߺ߹ߒࠂ߁ޕ ╩⸥࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦ 2 ߢߪ㧘દ⮮ࠄ(2009) ߩᣇᴺߦ୮޿㧘ਇㆡᔕߥ⹺⍮ࠍୃᱜߔࠆ ߚ߼ߩᢎ␜ࠍⴕߞߚޕౕ૕⊛ߦߪ㧘࠮࠶ ࡚ࠪࡦ 1 ߢ╩⸥ߒߚౝኈࠍ〯߹߃㧘⾰໧ Ԙ㧘ԙߩߘࠇߙࠇߦኻߒߡ㧘ޟ޽ߥߚߩⷫ ෹߇޽ߥߚߣหߓࠃ߁ߥ⚻㛎ࠍߒ㧘ߘߎ ߆ࠄหߓࠃ߁ߥࡀࠟ࠹ࠖࡉߥ⠨߃ࠍߒߡ ޿ࠆ႐ว㧘ߤߩࠃ߁ߦࠕ࠼ࡃࠗࠬߔࠆ߆ޠ ߦߟ޿ߡᦠ߈✄ߞߡ߽ࠄߞߚޕ ╩⸥࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦ 3 ߢߪ㧘ᣂߒ޿⹺⍮ࠍ ↢ᚑߒߚᓟߩಣℂࠍଦߔߚ߼㧘એਅߩࠃ ߁ߥᢎ␜ࠍⴕߞߚޕ ੹ᣣߩ╩⸥ߩ⺖㗴ߪ㧘╙ 1 ࿁⋡ߩ╩⸥ ߢᦠ߈಴ߒߚ㧘⾰໧Ԙޟߘߩ૕㛎ߩਛߢ㧘 ᦨ߽ㄆ߆ߞߚߎߣ߿ᦨ߽േំߒߚߎߣޠ ߣ㧘⾰໧ԙޟߘߩ૕㛎ߩᓟߢ㧘ߘߩ૕㛎 ߇ේ࿃ߢᦨ߽⧰∩ࠍᗵߓࠆߎߣ߿ᖠ߹ߐ ࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣޠߦߟ޿ߡ㧘߽߁৻ᐲᦠ޿ ߡߺࠆߎߣߢߔޕߘߩ㓙㧘ⷫ෹߳ߩࠕ࠼ ࡃࠗࠬߢᦠ޿ߚౝኈࠍ〯߹߃ߡ㧘ޟߘߩߎ ߣ߆ࠄ੹ߤߩࠃ߁ߦ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ߆ޠࠍ⠨ ߃㧘੹࿁ߩ╩⸥ߩਛߦᦠ߈ട߃߹ߒࠂ߁ޕ

ߎߎߢ㊀ⷐߥߎߣߪ㧘޽ߥߚ߇ᦠ޿ߚⷫ ෹߳ߩࠕ࠼ࡃࠗࠬࠍᝄࠅ㄰ࠅ㧘ޟ╙ 1 ࿁ߩ ╩⸥ߢᦠ޿ߚࡀࠟ࠹ࠖࡉߥ⠨߃ߣ㆑߁⠨ ߃㧔⷗ᣇ㧕߇ߢ߈ߥ޿߆ޠࠍᬌ⸛ߒ㧘ⷞ ㊁ࠍᐢߍߚࡃ࡜ࡦࠬߩࠃ޿㧘ᨵエߢ⃻ታ ⊛ߥ⠨߃ࠍ㧘╩⸥ߩਛߦ෻ᤋߒߡߺࠆߎ ߣߢߔޕ㆑߁⠨߃߇ߥ߆ߥ߆ᕁ޿ߟ߆ߥ ޿႐ว㧘ޟ੹޽ߥߚߪ૗ࠍ⍮ߞߡ޿ࠆ߆ޠ ࠍ⥄໧ߒߡߺ߹ߒࠂ߁ޕ ⥄↱㐿␜⟲㧦Pennebaker ߩࠬ࠲ࡦ࠳࡯࠼ ߥᢎ␜ࠍ૶↪ߒ㧘࠻࡜࠙ࡑ૕㛎ߦ㑐ߔࠆ ᗵᖱ߿ᕁ⠨ߩ⥄↱ߥ╩⸥ࠍ᳞߼ߚޕ ⛔೙⟲㧦೨ᣣߩⴕേ╬ߩਛᕈ⊛ߥ⹤㗴ߦ ߟ޿ߡ㧘ᗵᖱ߿ᕁ⠨ࠍ੤߃ߕ㧘੐ታߩߺ ߩቴⷰ⊛ߥ╩⸥ࠍ᳞߼ߚޕ ⚿ᨐ 㧝㧚ࡀࠟ࠹ࠖࡉᗵᖱ૕㛎ߩᕈ⾰  ╩⸥ߐࠇߚౝኈߪ㧘ߘߩઁ㧔ޟᕜੱߣߩ ೎ࠇޠ㧘ޟᄢಾߥੱࠍ்ߟߌߚޠߥߤ㧕(34%) ࠍ㒰ߊߣり૕⊛࡮⸒⺆⊛᥸ജߩⵍኂ߇ᦨ ߽ᄙߊ(22%)㧘㗅ߦએ㒠ߪ㧘ା㗬ߒߡ޿ߚ ੱ߆ࠄߩⵣಾࠅ(20%)㧘ⷫߒ޿෹ੱ޽ࠆ޿ ߪኅᣖߣߩᱫ೎(10%)㧘੍ᦼߖߧ∛᳇࡮ࠤ ࠟ(7%)㧘ἴኂߩⵍኂ(7%)ߣ޿߁⚿ᨐߣߥ ߞߚޕߥ߅㧘࠻࡜࠙ࡑ૕㛎߆ࠄߩ⚻ㆊᣣ ᢙࠍᓥዻᄌᢙߣߒߚ৻ర㈩⟎ಽᢔಽᨆࠍ ታᣉߒߚ⚿ᨐ㧘3 ⟲ߩ㑆ߦ᦭ᗧߥᏅߪ⷗ࠄ ࠇߥ߆ߞߚ㧔F(2,38)=1.34, p=.28㧕ޕ 㧞㧚୘ੱᏅ⛔೙ᄌᢙ ⛔೙ᄌᢙߩߘࠇߙࠇࠍᓥዻᄌᢙߣߒߡ㧘 ᤨᦼᲤ㧔pre㧘2wF.U.㧘1mF.U.㧕ߦ⟲(3) ߩ৻ర㈩⟎ಽᢔಽᨆࠍታᣉߒߚޕߘߩ⚿ ᨐ㧘ߤߎߦ߽᦭ᗧᏅߪ⷗ࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚޕ ߹ߚ㧘᭴ㅧൻ㐿␜⟲㧘⥄↱㐿␜⟲㧘⛔೙ ⟲ߩ㑆ߢ↵ᅚߩഀวߩᏅࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆߚ߼ ߦ ǘ2_{ᬌቯࠍⴕߞߚ⚿ᨐ㧘᦭ᗧߥᏅߪ⷗ࠄ} ࠇߥ߆ߞߚޕߎߩߎߣ߆ࠄ 3 ⟲ߪဋ⾰ߥ 㓸࿅ߢ޽ߞߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ 3㧚ታ㛎ᠲ૞ߩᅷᒰᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆᄌᢙ ᗵᖱ╩⸥ᐲࠍᓥዻᄌᢙߣߒߡ㧘╩⸥࠮ ࠶࡚ࠪࡦᲤ(3)ߦ৻ర㈩⟎ಽᢔಽᨆࠍታᣉ ߒߚޕ⚿ᨐ㧘ోߡߩ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߦ߅޿ߡ ⟲ߩਥലᨐ߇᦭ᗧߢ㧔࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦ 1㧦 F(2,38)=9.71; ࠮ ࠶ ࠪ ࡚ ࡦ 2 㧦 F(2,38)=27.54; ࠮ ࠶ ࠪ ࡚ ࡦ 3 㧦 F(2,38)=18.93, ps<.001㧕㧘Bonferroniᴺ ߦࠃࠆᄙ㊀Ყセߩ⚿ᨐ㧔એ㒠ߩਅ૏ᬌቯ ߪోߡ Bonferroni ᴺࠍ↪޿ߚ㧕㧘᭴ㅧൻ 㐿␜⟲ߣ⥄↱㐿␜⟲ߩᗵᖱ╩⸥ᐲ߇㧘ో ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߦ߅޿ߡ⛔೙⟲ࠃࠅ㜞޿ߎߣ ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ㧔ps<.05㧕ޕ ߐࠄߦ㧘᭴ㅧൻ㐿␜ߩᅷᒰᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆ ᄌᢙߢߪ㧘᭴ㅧൻ㐿␜⟲ߩࡀࠟ࠹ࠖࡉߥ ⹺⍮⊛⹏ଔߩᄌൻߪ㧘ᐔဋ 6.34 ὐߢ޽ߞ ߚޕߎߩߎߣ߆ࠄᧄ⎇ⓥߩ᭴ㅧൻ㐿␜ߪ ਛ⒟ᐲએ਄ߩ⹺⍮⊛ౣ⹏ଔࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇ ߢ߈ߚߎߣ߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߚޕ એ਄߆ࠄ㧘ᧄታ㛎ߦ߅ߌࠆታ㛎ᠲ૞ߩ ᅷᒰᕈ߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߚޕ 4㧚ലᨐᄌᢙ ߹ߕ㧘ࡌ࡯ࠬ࡜ࠗࡦߦ߅ߌࠆᏅࠍᬌ⸛ ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘IES ว⸘㧘IES ਅ૏ዤᐲଚ ౉∝⁁㧘IES ਅ૏ዤᐲ࿁ㆱ∝⁁㧘OSPAN ߘࠇߙࠇߩ╩⸥೨᷹ቯߩᓧὐࠍᓥዻᄌᢙ ߣߒߚ⟲(3)ߩ৻ర㈩⟎ಽᢔಽᨆࠍታᣉߒ ߚޕߘߩ⚿ᨐ㧘ߤߎߦ߽᦭ᗧߥᏅߪ⷗ࠄ ࠇߥ߆ߞߚ㧔Fs㧨1.00, n.s.㧕㧚ߘߎߢ㧘ฦ ᓧὐࠍᓥዻᄌᢙߣߒߚ㧘⟲(3)×᷹ቯᤨᦼ

㧔pre㧘2wF.U.㧘1mF.U.㧕ߩᷙว⸘↹ߩ ੑⷐ࿃ಽᢔಽᨆࠍታᣉߒߚޕ߹ߚ㧘ฦಽ ᨆߦ߅޿ߡ㧘⃿㕙ᕈ߇઒ቯߐࠇߥ߆ߞߚ ႐ว㧘Greenhouse-Geisser ߩࠗࡊࠪࡠࡦ ߦ ࠃ ࠅ ⥄ ↱ ᐲ ⺞ ᢛ ࠍ ⴕ ߞ ߚ 㧔 Vasey & Thayer, 1987㧕ޕ ߐࠄߦ㧘IES ว⸘ὐߣฦਅ૏ዤᐲߦߟ ޿ߡߪ㧘╙ੑ⒳ߩㆊ⺋ࠍ⠨ᘦߔࠆߣߣ߽ ߦ㧘వⴕ⎇ⓥߣ⹦⚦ߥᲧセߩߚ߼㧘╩⸥ ⚳ੌ 1 ࡨ᦬ᓟߩ Treatment effect sizes 㧔 એ ਅ 㧘 Treatment ES ߣ ⇛ ⸥ 㧕 ߣ 㧘 Controlled effect sizes㧔એਅ㧘Controlled ESߣ⇛ㅀ㧕ࠍ▚಴ߒߚޕTreatment ES ߪ㧘․ቯߩ 1 ⟲ౝߦ߅ߌࠆ㧘ታ㛎೨᷹ቯ ߆ࠄ╩⸥⚳ੌ 1 ࡨ᦬ᓟ᷹ቯߦ߆ߌߡߩฦ ᄌᢙߩᄌൻߩ⒟ᐲࠍ␜ߔޕControlledES ߪ㧘․ቯߩ 2 ⟲㑆ߦ߅ߌࠆ㧘╩⸥⚳ੌ 1 ࡨ᦬ᓟ᷹ቯᤨὐߩฦᄌᢙߩᏅߩ⒟ᐲࠍ␜ ߔޕฦലᨐ㊂ߪ㧘એਅߩᑼࠍ↪޿ߡ▚಴ ߐࠇߚޕ Treatment ES㧦

d =M(1m F.U.)㧙M(pre) / SDpooled

ControlledES㧦

d=M(A 1m F.U.)㧙M(B1m F.U.) / SDpooled

*SDpooledߪ㧘л㧔SD1m F.U.2㧗SD1m F.U.2) /

2 *Mߪᐔဋ୯ߢ޽ࠅ㧘M(A 1m F.U.)ߪ A ⟲ߩ ╩⸥⚳ੌ 1 ࡨ᦬ᓟߩᐔဋ୯ ߹ߕ㧘IES ว⸘ᓧὐߢߪ㧘᷹ቯᤨᦼߩ ਥ ല ᨐ ߇ ᦭ ᗧ ߢ 㧔F(1,56,59,28)=13.26, p<.001 㧕㧘 ᄙ ㊀ Ყ セ ߩ ⚿ ᨐ 㧘 2wF.U. ߣ 1mF.U.ߩ PTSR ߇ታ㛎೨ߦᲧߴߡૐߊ 㧔p<.05;p<.001㧕㧘߹ߚ 1mF.U.ߩ PTSR ߇ 2wFU. ࠃ ࠅ ߽ ૐ ޿ ߎ ߣ ߇ ࠊ ߆ ߞ ߚ 㧔p<.01 㧕ޕ ߹ ߚ 㧘 1mF.U. ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ Treatment ESߪ㧘d=-1.48㧔᭴ㅧൻ㧕㧘d= -.50㧔⥄↱㧕㧘d=-.89㧔⛔೙㧕ߢ㧘Controlled ESߪ㧘d㧩-.50㧔᭴ㅧൻ vs ⥄↱㧕㧘d㧩-.81 㧔᭴ㅧൻ vs ⛔೙㧕ߢ޽ߞߚޕ ᰴߦ IES ਅ૏ዤᐲଚ౉∝⁁ߢߪ㧘᷹ቯ ᤨ ᦼ ߩ ਥ ല ᨐ ߇ ᦭ ᗧ ߢ 㧔F(1.63,61.84)=10.28, p<.001㧕㧘ᄙ㊀Ყ セߩ⚿ᨐ㧘1mFU.ߩଚ౉∝⁁߇㧘ታ㛎೨ ߣ 2wFU.ߦᲧߴߡૐ޿ߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ 㧔ps<.01 㧕ޕ ߹ ߚ 㧘 1mF.U. ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ Treatment ES ߪ㧘d=-1.39㧔᭴ㅧൻ㧕㧘 d=-.32 㧔 ⥄ ↱ 㧕㧘d=-1.03 㧔 ⛔ ೙ 㧕 ߢ 㧘 ControlledESߪ㧘d㧩-.46㧔᭴ㅧൻ vs ⥄ ↱㧕㧘d㧩-.45㧔᭴ㅧൻ vs ⛔೙㧕ߢ޽ߞߚޕ ᰴߦ㧘IES ਅ૏ዤᐲ࿁ㆱ∝⁁ߢߪ㧘᷹ ቯ ᤨ ᦼ ߩ ਥ ല ᨐ ߇ ᦭ ᗧ ߢ 㧔F(1.72,65.29)=10.28, p<.001㧕㧘ᄙ㊀Ყ セߩ⚿ᨐ㧘1mF.U.ߩ࿁ㆱ∝⁁߇㧘ታ㛎೨ ߦᲧߴߡૐ޿ߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ㧔p<.01㧕ޕ ߹ ߚ 㧘 ╩ ⸥ ⚳ ੌ 1 ࡨ ᦬ ᓟ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ Treatment ES ߪ㧘d=-1.21㧔᭴ㅧൻ㧕㧘 d=-.64 㧔 ⥄ ↱ 㧕㧘d=-.43 㧔 ⛔ ೙ 㧕 ߢ 㧘 ControlledESߪ㧘d㧩-.43㧔᭴ㅧൻ vs ⥄ ↱㧕㧘d㧩-.90㧔᭴ㅧൻ vs ⛔೙㧕ߢ޽ߞߚޕ ᰴߦ OSPAN ߢߪ㧘᷹ቯᤨᦼߩਥലᨐ ߇᦭ᗧߢ޽ࠅ㧔p<.05㧕㧘ታ㛎೨ߦᲧߴߡ 1mF.U.ߩ WM ߇㜞߆ߞߚ(p<.05)ޕߐࠄ ߦ ⟲ ߣ ᷹ ቯ ᤨ ᦼ ߩ ੤ ੕ ૞ ↪ ߇ ᦭ ᗧ ߢ 㧔F(4,76)=2.64,p<.05㧕㧘න⚐ਥലᨐߩᬌ ቯߩ⚿ᨐ㧘᭴ㅧൻ㐿␜⟲ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘2wF.U. ߩ WM ߇ታ㛎೨ߦᲧߴߡ᦭ᗧ௑ะߢ㜞ߊ 㧔p<.10㧕㧘1mF.U.ߩ WM ߇ታ㛎೨ߦᲧ ߴߡ᦭ᗧߦ㜞޿ߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ㧔p<.01㧕ޕ   

                                                                       

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Figure1. Change of the mean Total score of IES of each group.

Figure2. Change of the mean Intrusion score of IES of each group.

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Figure3. Change of the mean Avoidance score of IES of each group.

Figure4. Change of the mean score of OSPAN of each group.

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⠨ኤ  ᧄ⎇ⓥߩ⋡⊛ߪ㧘࠻࡜࠙ࡑ૕㛎߳ߩ᦭ ↪ߥኻಣᴺࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘ࠃࠅലᨐ ⊛ߦ⹺⍮⊛ౣ⹏ଔ߇ⴕࠊࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦᚻ⛯ ߈ࠍᡷ⸓ߒߚ᭴ㅧൻ㐿␜߇㧘ᔃりߩ⁁ᘒ ߦ෸߷ߔᓇ㗀ࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ߞߚޕ  ߹ߕ IES ᓧὐ߆ࠄߪ㧘⟲ߩਥലᨐ߿੤ ੕૞↪ߪ⷗ࠄࠇߕ㧘PTSR ߪ╩⸥᧦ઙߦ 㑐ࠊࠄߕᤨ㑆ߦ઻ߞߡૐᷫߒߚߎߣ߇␜ ߐࠇ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥߩ᭴ㅧൻ㐿␜ߩ⥄↱㐿␜߿ ⛔೙㐿␜ࠍ਄࿁ࠆ᦭ലᕈߪ⏕⹺ߐࠇߥ߆ ߞߚޕߎࠇߦߪ㧘⎇ⓥදജ⠪߇ฦ⟲ 13㨪 14 ฬߣዋߥ޿ߎߣ㧘⥄↱㐿␜⟲ߩࡈࠜࡠ ࡯ࠕ࠶ࡊ᷹ቯᤨߩ஍Ꮕ୯߇㕖Ᏹߦᄢ߈ߊ㧘 ੤੕૞↪߇↢ߓ㔍߆ߞߚߎߣ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇ ࠆޕ⥄↱㐿␜ߦ߅޿ߡᮡḰ஍Ꮕ߇ᄢ߈޿ ௑ะߪ㧘દ⮮ࠄ(2009)ߥߤᄙߊߩవⴕ⎇ ⓥߦ߅޿ߡ⷗ࠄࠇࠆޕߎߩߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘⥄ ↱㐿␜ߦࠃࠅ PTSR ߇ૐᷫߔࠆ⠪߇޿ࠆ ৻ᣇߢ㧘⛽ᜬߥ޿ߒᖡൻߔࠆ⠪߽หᤨߦ ሽ࿷ߔࠆน⢻ᕈ߇␜ໂߐࠇߚޕ੹ᓟߪ㧘 ߤߩࠃ߁ߥኻ⽎ߦ⥄↱㐿␜߇᦭ലߢ޽ࠆ ߆㧘෻ኻߦ᦭ኂߦߥࠆߩ߆ߦߟ޿ߡ߽ᬌ ⸛߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆޕ  ߹ߚ㧘PTSR ࠍ๒ߔࠆ⠪ࠍኻ⽎ߦ࠻࡜ ࠙ࡑ㐿␜ߦࠃࠆ PTSR ૐᷫലᨐࠍታ⸽ߒ ߡ޿ࠆ Lange et al.(2002)ߣ Sloan & Marx(2004)ߩ⎇ⓥ⚿ᨐߣ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥߩ᭴ㅧ ൻ㐿␜ߩ⚿ᨐࠍࠃࠅ⹦⚦ߦᲧセߔࠆߚ߼ ߦ㧘1mF.U.ߢߩ PTSR ߳ߩലᨐ㊂ࠍ▚಴ ߒߚޕ⚿ᨐ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥߩ᭴ㅧൻ㐿␜ߩ PTSR ߦኻߔࠆലᨐ㊂ߪ㧘Treatment ESߢd= -1.48 ߣ ᄢ ߈ ߥ ૐ ᷫ ല ᨐ ࠍ ␜ ߒ 㧘 ControlledESߢߪd=-.50㧔᭴ㅧൻ vs ⥄ ↱㧕㧘-.81㧔᭴ㅧൻ vs ⛔೙㧕ߣ㧘᭴ㅧൻ㐿 ␜⟲ߪઁ⟲ߦᲧߴਛ⒟ᐲએ਄ߩലᨐ㊂ߢ ޽ߞߚ㧔ലᨐ㊂ߩၮḰߪ㧘Cohen(1992) ࠍෳ⠨ߦ㧘d=.02㧔ዊ㧕㧘d=.05㧔ਛ㧕㧘d=.08 㧔ᄢ㧕ߣߒߚ㧕ޕ߹ߚ㧘PTSR ࠍ᭴ᚑߔࠆ ∝⁁㧔ଚ౉∝⁁࡮࿁ㆱ∝⁁㧕ߏߣߦ⷗ߡ ߽㧘Treatment ES ߢ d=-1.21㨪-1.39㧘 Controlled ES ߢߪd=-.43㨪-.90 ߣਛ⒟ ᐲએ਄ߩലᨐ㊂ߢ޽ߞߚޕ৻ᣇ㧘Lange et al.(2002)߇↪޿ߚ᭴ㅧൻ╩⸥ߩਛᦼ⊛ߥ PTSR㧔IES ਅ૏ዤᐲଚ౉∝⁁㧘࿁ㆱ∝⁁㧕 ߦ ኻ ߔ ࠆ ല ᨐ ㊂ ߪ 㧘 ଚ ౉ ∝ ⁁ ߩ Treatment ES ߢ d=-.66 㧘࿁ㆱ∝⁁ߩ Treatment ES ߪ d=-.44㧘ଚ౉∝⁁ߩ Controlled ES ߢߪ㧘ଚ౉∝⁁ߢߪ d㧩 -.68㧔᭴ㅧൻ vs ⛔೙㧕㧘࿁ㆱ∝⁁ߢߪd= -.88㧔᭴ㅧൻ vs ⛔೙㧕ߣ޿߁୯ࠍ␜ߒߚޕ ߹ߚ㧘Sloan & Marx(2004)ߦ߅ߌࠆ⥄↱ 㐿␜ߩਛᦼ⊛ߥ PTSR㧔Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale㧕ߦኻߔࠆലᨐ㊂ ߪ㧘Treatment ESߢd=-.72㧘 Controlled ESߢߪd=-.80㧔⥄↱ vs ⛔೙㧕ߣ޿߁୯ ߢ޽ߞߚޕട߃ߡ㧘╩⸥ᤨ㑆ߪ⇣ߥࠆ߇㧘 દ ⮮ ࠄ (2009) ߩ ᭴ ㅧ ൻ 㐿 ␜ ߢ ߩ Controlled ESߪ㧘d=-.31㧔᭴ㅧൻ vs ⥄ ↱㧕㧘d=.06㧔᭴ㅧൻ vs ⛔೙㧕ߢ޽ߞߚޕ ߎࠇࠄߣᲧセߔࠆߣ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥߢ↪޿ߚ ᭴ㅧൻ㐿␜ߪ㧘᰷☨޽ࠆ޿ߪᧄ㇌ߢ⏕⹺ ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆਛᦼ⊛ߥ PTSR ૐᷫലᨐߣห ⒟ᐲએ਄ߩലᨐ㊂ࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ߚޕߟ߹ࠅ㧘 ᧄ⎇ⓥߢⴕߞߚ⺖㗴ߩᡷቯߪ᦭↪ߢ޽ࠅ㧘 ੹࿁ߩ᭴ㅧൻ㐿␜ߪਛᦼ⊛ߥ PTSR ߩૐ ᷫߦ᦭↪ߢ޽ߞߚߎߣ߇␜ໂߐࠇࠆޕ߹ ߚ㧘߿ߪࠅ⛔⸘਄ߩ੤੕૞↪߇ᓧࠄࠇߥ ߆ߞߚߩߪ㧘ෳട⠪ߩዋߥߐߦࠃࠆᓇ㗀 ߇ᒝ޿ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ੹ᓟߪታ㛎ෳട⠪ ᢙࠍჇ߿ߒ㧘㐳ᦼ⊛ߥᓇ㗀ࠍ฽߼ߚᦝߥ ࠆᬌ⸛߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆޕ

 ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘᭴ㅧൻ㐿␜ࠍ㧘ࠃࠅലᨐ ⊛ߦ࠻࡜࠙ࡑߦኻߔࠆ⹺⍮⊛ౣ⹏ଔࠍଦ ㅴߔࠆࠃ߁ᚻ⛯߈ߩᡷ⸓ࠍⴕߞߚޕౕ૕ ⊛ߦߪ㧘PTSD ᴦ≮ߦലᨐ⊛ߥᛛᴺࠍෳ ⠨ߦ㧘PTSR ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆࡀࠟ࠹ࠖࡉߥ⹺ ⍮⊛ౣ⹏ଔࠍ᛽಴ߔࠆᚻ⛯߈ߣ㧘࠻࡜࠙ ࡑ⸥ᙘߩࠕ࠶ࡊ࠺࡯࠻ᚻ⛯߈ߩ 2 ὐࠍᣂ ߚߦ⋓ࠅㄟࠎߛޕߒ߆ߒ㧘਄⸥ߩ 2 ὐߩ ᡷ⸓ߩౝ㧘ߤߜࠄ߇ਛᦼ⊛ߥ PTSR ߳ߩ ࡐࠫ࠹ࠖࡉߥലᨐࠍ߽ߚࠄߒߚߩ߆ߪਇ ᣿⏕ߢ޽ࠆޕ ߐࠄߦ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥߩ᭴ㅧൻ㐿␜ߪ㧘࠻࡜ ࠙ࡑߦኻߔࠆ⹺⍮⊛ౣ⹏ଔએᄖߦ㧘࠻࡜ ࠙ࡑ⸥ᙘߩ♖✺ൻ߽ଦㅴߒߡ޿ߚน⢻ᕈ ߇޽ࠅ㧘ߘߩߎߣ߇ᓇ㗀ߒߚน⢻ᕈ߽⠨ ߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ࠻࡜࠙ࡑ⸥ᙘߪᢿ ⊛ߢ⚦߆ ޿ㇱಽߦᢥ⣂߇߆ߌ㧘⸥ᙘߩಣℂ߇ਇච ಽߣߥࠆ․ᓽ߇޽ࠆޕߘߩ⚿ᨐ㧘࠻࡜࠙ ࡑ૕㛎ߣㇱಽ⊛޽ࠆ޿ߪᗵⷡ⊛ߦૃߡ޿ ࠆ߈ߞ߆ߌߢ㧘ᗧ࿑ߖߕߦᗐ⿠ߐࠇߡߒ ߹߁ߎߣ߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕߘߩߚ߼㧘 ࠻࡜࠙ࡑ⸥ᙘࠍ૕㛎⊛࡮ᗧ๧⊛ߦᢛℂߔ ࠆߎߣ㧔♖✺ൻ㧕߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆߣᜰ៰ߐ ࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔Ehlers, 2008㧕ޕታ㓙㧘Smyth, True, & Souto(2001)ߪ㧘࠻࡜࠙ࡑ⸥ᙘߩ ♖✺ൻࠍᗧ࿑ߒߚ╩⸥ߪ㧘ਛᦼ⊛ߦ⛔೙ ⟲ࠃࠅ߽࿁ㆱ∝⁁ࠍૐᷫߐߖࠆߎߣࠍ␜ ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ߹ߚ㧘Ehlers et al.(2005)ߪ㧘 ࠻࡜࠙ࡑ⸥ᙘߩ♖✺ൻߪ㧘࠻࡜࠙ࡑߦኻ ߔࠆ⹺⍮⊛ౣ⹏ଔߩታᣉߩߚ߼ߦᔅⷐਇ นᰳߥࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߢ޽ࠅ㧘ਔ⠪ߪ⋧⵬⊛ߥ 㑐ଥߦ޽ࠆߣᜰ៰ߒߡ޿ࠆޕਔ⠪ࠍ᣿⏕ ߦᑯ೎ߒ㧘୘ޘߦᬌ⸽ߔࠆߎߣߪ࿎㔍ߢ ޽ࠆޕߒ߆ߒ㧘ਔ⠪ࠍᑯ೎ߒᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎ ߣߪ㧘࠻࡜࠙ࡑ㐿␜ߩஜᐽჇㅴലᨐߩࡔ ࠞ࠾࠭ࡓࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆ਄ߢ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠅ㧘 ࠃࠅലᨐ⊛ߥ࠻࡜࠙ࡑ㐿␜ᴺߩ⠨᩺ߦ᦭ ⋉ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ੹ᓟߪ╩⸥ౝኈߩ⸃ᨆ ߥߤ߽฽߼ߥ߇ࠄ㧘2 ὐߩᡷ⸓ὐߩߤߜࠄ ߇ᄼഞߒߚߩ߆߿㧘࠻࡜࠙ࡑߦኻߔࠆ⹺ ⍮⊛ౣ⹏ଔߩଦㅴߣ࠻࡜࠙ࡑ⸥ᙘߩ♖✺ ൻߩ୘೎ߩᓇ㗀ߥߤ㧘୘ޘߦߘߩലᨐࠍ ᬌ⸛ߒߡ޿ߊߎߣ߽ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕ  ᰴߦ OSPAN ᓧὐߢߪ㧘ᤨᦼߩਥലᨐ ߇᦭ᗧߢ޽ࠅ㧘WM ߪታ㛎೨ߣᲧߴߡ 1mF.U.ߦ਄᣹ߒߡ޿ߚޕߎࠇߪ Klein & Boals(2001)߿᧻ᧄࠄ(2011)ߥߤߩవⴕ⎇ ⓥߣ㘃ૃߒߚ⚿ᨐߢ޽ࠅ㧘⺖㗴ౝኈߦ㑐 ࠊࠄߕ╩⸥૞ᬺ⥄૕ߦ৻ቯߩ WM Ⴧᄢല ᨐ߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆน⢻ᕈ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕߒ߆ ߒ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ᭴ㅧൻ㐿␜⟲ߦ߅޿ߡߩ ߺታ㛎೨ߦᲧߴߡ 1mF.U.ߢ᦭ᗧߦ਄᣹ ߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥߩ᭴ㅧൻ㐿␜߇ઁߩ㐿 ␜ᴺࠃࠅ߽ਛᦼ⊛ߥ WM Ⴧᄢߦ᦭↪ߢ޽ ࠆߎߣ߇␜ߐࠇߚޕߎࠇߪ㧘╩⸥ᤨ㑆߿ ᷹ቯࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߪ⇣ߥࠆ߽ߩߩ㧘࠻࡜࠙ࡑ ߩ᭴ㅧൻ㐿␜߇ WM ࠍჇᄢߐߖࠆߎߣࠍ ␜ߒߚદ⮮ࠄ(2009)ߩ⚿ᨐࠍౣ⃻ߔࠆ߽ ߩߢ޽ࠅ㧘WM ߦ߅ߌࠆ⹺⍮⊛ౣ⹏ଔߩ ㊀ⷐᕈ߇␜ໂߐࠇߚޕ߹ߚ㧘ലᨐ㊂߆ࠄ ␜ߐࠇߚᧄ⎇ⓥߩ PTSR ߩ⚿ᨐߣ߽৻⥌ ߔ ࠆ ⚿ ᨐ ߢ ޽ ࠅ 㧘 Thayer & Brosscho(2005)ߩᜰ៰߆ࠄ㧘᭴ㅧൻ㐿␜ ߇ஜᐽ⁁ᘒߩᡷༀ࡮Ⴧㅴߦ᦭↪ߢ޽ࠆน ⢻ᕈ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕKlein & Boals(2001) ߪ㧘ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬࡈ࡞ߥ૕㛎ߩ㐿␜ߦࠃࠅ૕ ೙ൻߐࠇߚ⸥ᙘߪ㧘ᗧ⼂ߦଚ౉ߒߦߊߊ ߥࠅ㧘ଚ౉⊛ߥᕁ⠨ࠍᛥ೙ߔࠆߚ߼ߦᶖ ⾌ߐࠇߡ޿ߚ WM ࠍ࿁ᓳߒ㧘ߘߩ⚿ᨐߣ ߒߡ໧㗴⸃᳿߇ଦㅴߐࠇ㧘ᦨ⚳⊛ߦߪஜ ᐽࠍჇㅴߔࠆߣ޿߁৻ㅪߩㆊ⒟ࠍᜰ៰ߒ ߡ޿ࠆޕ੹ᓟߪ㧘ߎߩᜰ៰ߩࠃ߁ߦ WM

ߩჇᄢ߇ஜᐽ⁁ᘒߩᡷༀࠍዉߊ߆ߦߟ޿ ߡ㧘㐳ᦼ⊛ߥᓇ㗀ࠍട߃ߡᬌ⸛ࠍⴕ߁ᔅ ⷐ߇޽ࠆޕ ߹ߣ߼  ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘᭴ㅧൻ㐿␜ߦԘPTSR ߩ ⛽ᜬߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆ⹺⍮ߩ᛽಴ߔࠆ⺖㗴㧘ԙ ⹺⍮⊛ౣ⹏ଔࠍࠃࠅലᨐߦⴕ߁⺖㗴ࠍട ߃ࠆߎߣߢ㧘⹺⍮⊛ౣ⹏ଔࠍଦㅴߔࠆࠃ ߁ߦᚻ⛯߈ࠍᡷ⸓ߒߚޕߘߩ⚿ᨐ㧘ਛᦼ ⊛ߥ PTSR ߩૐᷫߦ᦭↪ߢ޽ࠆน⢻ᕈ߇ ␜ໂߐࠇ㧘߹ߚ㧘᭴ㅧൻ㐿␜⟲ߩߺߢ㧘 ਛᦼ⊛ߦ WM ߇Ⴧᄢߔࠆߎߣ߇⏕⹺ߐࠇ ߚޕߎࠇࠄߪ㧘࠻࡜࠙ࡑ૕㛎߳ߩኻಣᴺ ߣߒߡ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥߩ᭴ㅧൻ㐿␜߇᦭↪ߢ޽ ࠆน⢻ᕈࠍ␜ߒߚὐߢ⥃ᐥ⊛ߥᗧ⟵ߣ޿ ߃ࠆޕ੹ᓟߪ㧘ࠃࠅᄙߊߩෳട⠪ࠍኻ⽎ ߣߔࠆߣ౒ߦ㧘ᧄ᭴ㅧൻ㐿␜ߩ㐳ᦼ⊛ߥ ᓇ㗀ߩᬌ⸛߿㧘ਥⷰ⊛࡮↢ℂ⊛ߥஜᐽᜰ ᮡࠍ↪޿ߚ⹦⚦ߥᬌ⸛ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣߦࠃࠅ㧘 PTSR ࠍ๒ߔࠆ⠪߳ߩࠃࠅ⏕ታߢലᨐ⊛ ߥ੺౉ᴺߩ㐿⊒ߦ❬߇ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ  ઃ⸥  ᧄ⎇ⓥࠍታᣉߔࠆߦ޽ߚࠅ㧘૛⺆⌀ᄦ వ↢㧘ᴡ㊁๺᣿వ↢㧘ᄢᐔ⧷᮸వ↢㧘ḡ Ꮉㅴᄥ㇢వ↢ߦߪᄙᢙߩߏᗧ⷗㧘ߏදജ ࠍ⾦ࠅ߹ߒߚޕᔃࠃࠅᗵ⻢↳ߒ਄ߍ߹ߔޕ  ᧄ⎇ⓥߪ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⾌ၮ⋚⎇ⓥ (C)(19530626)ߦࠃࠆഥᚑࠍฃߌߚޕ ᒁ↪ᢥ₂

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（受付日2012年10月１日） （受理日2012年10月10日）