米国の科学博物館Lawrence Hall of Scienceによる科学数学教育プログラム(GEMS)の概要 : サイエンスコミュニケーション活性化のリソースとして
全文
(2) GEMS ῌῌ !"#$%& ῌῌ ' ( * )
(3) (. Overview of GEMS ῌGreat Explorations in Math and Science῍ Developed at Lawrence Hall of Science ῌῌ From the Viewpoint of Encouraging Science Communication ῌῌ Akiko TSUZUKI and Mariko SUZUKI *"+,-. /01234 Lawrence Hall of Science LHS 56789 $:;<= > GEMS Great Explorations in Math and Science ?@ABC >
(4) D?%E >? %9F?GC H9E $IJ GEMS KLM ?N%E IJK 4BOPQ!?RSBC TUV῎GEMSE >E E W. nG:5uGE ῐ ῎ ῑ ῏. E 4_;H8&bC 5fdgn. XYZ?"[#678&\9 ]. "#$%&E 56789. ^ _E 5`a$%. > GEMS Great Explorations in. &78&bC . Math and Science῎$ n<E. &cB$defE '(R ῐ῎῎ _c)B. GEMS $= ?GC ῏ >5f. gE h*+ij?,GkB-l$m. GEMS ?E ῐ >5f GEMS F??E. 8?.BS`%8nb-lE m8op?. ῑ >$ ῒ >5f$SKLM?. qJS`%8nb-l. vE ΐ > 5 @ B C A u 9 & fE. ?A%&E ij_rgn`5E st. GEMS WV;{E :B ¡. "5rguv\S?/w%0J1. %9 GEMS CnR¢£¤¥ GEMS. uxegC ybz{8|E st23n}. ¦§¨£X©DE NPO 7-. 4~ 34E 5E X6E NPO. ª«¬ T®©DSE £¤¥. 7-E E 2nr4E 7Rf8. GEMS ¦
(5) ¯E°FG±². 9nrE ij4Bv&-_. ³ ῐ῎῎ $ ´ ῏ῒ H°µ5F¶ XE I GEMS J · « 1 0 Kimi Hosoume. * GEMS .#¹. ±E GEMS ¸¹U0·«10. NII-Electronic Library Service.
(6) Shiga University. R S T 8U V W4.
(7) . Traci Wierman
(8) . =>- ¡¢TCEEl ¡. Lawrence Hall of Sci-. ¢8.9£`E GEMS 9v. ence . wx :3;C1¤,Ul1 ῌ ῌῐ῏῎ ῌῐῐ῎
(9) . ῌ. !". GEMS . ¤?¥9vwx 9:2 u% ῌῌῌ. ¦§'"y <¤,U=>01. GEMS . !"#$%& '. %¦§'"¨6 UC & '( $. ( ) *+ UC & '( ,- .. GEMS . 4%9k0 Karplus U 3?. /01 Lawrence Hall of Science *+. u@>©ªAB«©ªA¬y. LHS ,- 23 4 567. , m§'"C U7%ª. %8 %9:;01 LHS 7%8 %9. A,l/®Dl1`mF1¤,. <=>./01, ? @
(10) A BC. Ez01 Stage, ¤¯. 7%D,E.F1G# 'H. " -°OPªA FGªA,!F1. 01. , m Piaget 45¡¢TCE. GEMS I J K , L. 1. M NOPQRSTCE2UVWX Y. GEMS p(' Barber 9vw. Z7%K NSF [ \]^ 8 . x± Karplus P?%¦§. OP_R`X2UCP E 1. '"¬ ¤¯ "HI²3 Y. GEMS a 9 : LHS b c d '. Z uJ KOC1©@>F1©ªAL. PUe8f 'ghij %. MF1 © JN³´ / ¬F1y , m§. )k^2l1`m;82. '"µ¶ E9:U23 E 1 O . 01 k^n3 $'opop. P. q)rstE u9vwxy , mz{|W,}P ElE 1 2U2V3 OP W ~19vwxU3 . ~!F1 9vwx. ic3 E 1 2 " F 1 p ( ' O E LHS #$,7%bcd' %}. E Jacqueline Barber 01 O 2bi. LHS H7%Db. cd' [%)9vH z. O. GEMS %¦§'". t5U&'}1 (7%[)7% , *H+,-m9: ( NASA [ UC & '( =>. ῍ # ῌῐῐ῎ $%. 3·&OP7%9<n¸. H .+,q/E01. 5UWX 3<1, uF¹E$. LHS bi U9vwx2E 1. IQ}7% Science for All Americansy American Association for the Ad-. ῌῌ῍. GEMS
(11) . vancement of Science, [ u7%od. g º»¼ ' Benchmarks for Sci-. 32UV}P GEMS . ence Literacyy American Association for. 4567 E 9<n[0. the Advancement of Science, HU. NII-Electronic Library Service.
(12) Shiga University. L» Lawrence Hall of Science i 45¼q GEMS W7.
(13).
(14) . Kv?+&'();O7*e. National Science Education Stan-. 7F77* > =P ?7. dards
(15) . Q7*DR9:#(ST7*e+Zi. !"# GEMS.
(16) . $%$&'()*+
(17) . < h7*> = s{{; (7* U(V.!" Qd!" M. \(17i<dj. ! " .
(18) ,- .
(19) /.. w GEMS 6
(20) WZi. 01 2 345. <d O!"(X7*ge+. 6 (7*89:; +< !" <7
(21) = > =. ῍ῌ῏.
(22) . ?#@ AB7C 7. GEMS YZ F;([\7. ;D !"
(23) E*+ F. y O ( D 7*. ; 3G#$HIJ$%@.
(24) 7*+ ]^_ d* D. .K# ;+LM!&NO. f7G#(# #<W*. '(PQ*R7 ()ST#U+;. ` yW7<=a7.. KVKW*%+,(XQ*++<Y. s{{PO' 3R9b O. Z!!" -.[ \!]/^. c Td)e+, Yf'%g`. Vygotsky YZ&'()*. /^h# K*+. +0_ K 12
(25) . +¡y > =Q*i¢ cO(#j- jk£s¤9. 3R7 4b75)c@!". +*l¥*+ > =¦U+F). +<( 01d67. %m7U+3j!> s{{9. " 7 +,8B%95e(f:. bn§<=*+ K y. df-;C <=(g<>!B;. op"#Td)+Q*g:ee+,. `a. +<YZ(?7*+ F; . qrs Kj; Td¨(. +, W* h.@)f-;. V+)! t!ei<uv*+. iQ*3Aj; !"+<. wR ©(gQ DioxjyE. $<FT =?*++ . %ªz O'@{«> h# K*g#. Kuhn , &' )*. )¦|¬!}eTj*;?. +YZ;. *+~!". ῏ ῎ῌῌῐ . i< GEMS (D®[. GEMS ! BC Dk%. 7 +,z)!:.+*. lEFR7* G Omnok. WZ +T¯ £° ±²³´. 3j;*+ Seeds of Science/Roots of. mµ /."#!(?d¶!". Reading +<mno GEMS k. z)!: £° ±²³´
(26) . pq UC rstHu v?. 7*Td)( * O· Z*+. f-45wxsy! ?z)!:. +Z. n{m #IJ(K+*+ K ! D|Z > })%@L. ῎. GEMS . k7*+J M@~ Gmno! > - > D 3ABi#:,*+ i< GEMS 37N%KV. jkg# GEMS D[\ %#<y¸s¹: 0. STKVKRa!º!e O. NII-Electronic Library Service.
(27) Shiga University. 7¼ l7.
(28) . GEMS . # +GEMS 789L( 2 f .
(29) GEMS. fg0hM!#$? ij k.
(30)
(31) . 8Elf"9 8E. ! "#$ %&'()* . ! 9E fm:
(32) !n!"#. +,
(33) -
(34) ./012 3(4.
(35) !;o<p9=>qrs . 56' +789:;<. CD #g0h. =2 >?$ GEMS ,0/@AB#. lfa0t">9r> NO . CDEF1GH0IJK0.
(36) ? @O. +GEMS 789L( 2 M!#$?. q M ! . GEMS NOPQA3R. GEMS PQAR#$789uL. S#$ T U$? !". (ABvCp Df9L(EF. +GEMS 789L( 2 R#$. GwxyHzOq"I#$?. CD +V%&W2 PQA?'(. a0tJ {#$ GEMS KLr. )X ! Y GEMS PQA9"'. /ab|ab%}#$9Ds M~. *Z#+"#$,[O. ?NOa0tPo 789uY (q"9"QR3ST3U. GEMS
(37). Y s "VO W. CD %&'>. 9;XYrZ? Z[\. ῍ῌῌ. \- %&'F1GH0IJK0 +./. ]O$! ^>. 01]IJK02 + 2^_`QabcdJ. qrp9Oq" Gn["#. 342 >?$ () e 567" ? ` . . lf"9 NO GEMS
(38) C. +GEMS 789L( 2 _a0t"N# GEMS
(39) . a0t">9r> +a"5 bOCs2 cbd"N()X a-g +V%#vs2 er}$V%?O +dA/N$s2 K0JdA/?$K?$( +QN ¦§ s2 fg"hN$¨ Z?$( +rCª«0#$s2 vª¬ªrNg>qr? klEp +g"g>suvs2 g%no p3gqyr®Ns( +¦CY<$ § $s2 tu3? hN$bNgO +V%$s2 V%¯°()X ±AJ² +v#vs2 K0JdA/N$ K3³´6w( +µx#Ds2 |0G^0_J²µx5b?$(\ ¶lyµx µnoz +ªV%#Ds2 {| @} N$V%~$Ng# ·"1F g?$o +$8s?sq"º2 »-GJr8vª¬ªrb"hN$?$p. N# GEMS
(40) a-g|KA a"5 bOC V%&W ¡$s¢ £¤.ab¥1 ij© F1m g>su +CY<2 #D. V%&W ¡$s¢ £¤.ab¥1 µx. ¸H¹"]( ?$. NII-Electronic Library Service.
(41) Shiga University. 9¶A#:· Lawrence Hall of Science +MA##c¸¹º»¤¯ {GEMS ¼;.
(42) . -./0.
(43). i 1. .
(44) V8" f 4K. ! " GEMS # $ % &. #lmnD ;Mqr+ 0. '() *. 6. f 4+5%M #lm nD+%",K
(45) LM. ῍῍῍. GEMS ῌῌ .
(46) . 6#lmnD0 qr+K78"3M
(47) 0 +,. +,!+ -./0 . [ k . 1 + 2 &'() . +53"#lmnDG yi[. 3 4 5678 6&'()0 . "3;]; M. 9:;<#= >
(48) ?@+ . ῍῍῍῍῍. *8 " A# BCD. ῍ . EF7G
(49) H I +#JK. { i .
(50) LM *N 0.O+LMKGP. 6e!" 7. QRM61+ST UV W+XYZ[. #
(51) 0 \]KY+W7. M61; \]KYG^_ +`S!M. "K3 b[ 3Kf. a$GLM bR-./G5678. 3K $ ;];7]
(52) %. GEMS \]KA#cd
(53) 0. 0!"
(54) LM61 &T. 6&'(). e+%" . +'8"3M "3o 6[0ct. ῍῍῍῍ῌ. n ()*++!. ῍ . 2 &'()0 f.
(55) ghi["3M GEMS 0jk#lmnD 7o. M ¡ 0. ,H. -./. ¢7M {£ m¤¥0 ¦§¨©. p
(56) M+qri["3MG stG. 1¨2 ª«
(57) ¡!M 6[0¬. u!Mv+K #lmnD+. U3; -./G . !M61G GEMS w!I 7#. %®¯ °4± . x y+zR["3M {Hosoume |n}. 5 6T"i²7³7´+)[" . ~ . ¡. . 6[µ3+8. . i 1
(58) V8" +[M#lmnD. NII-Electronic Library Service.
(59) Shiga University. ῌ῍῍. S T ¼ /U V GW/.
(60) . d[%Z ῏῎ pB*i A /B. . .
(61) 9$%Z. !"#$%. 9qr& #$ M s<. &'( )
(62) *+ ,. t :;<=3>5?@<'mN . ῏ - ./012. s<
(63) , G. 3456 78 9:;<=3>5?@.
(64) n+(O+) R 9. <A /B .% ῐ C ῑ D ῏ EF5(.
(65) us5v2FB[ . G
(66) H
(67) I
(68) . *+ow t ,%^ M. %/JK15L?53 7. -x*y-j . MNO%P9Q 8. z ῐ { ῐ῎῎ . ΐ | *NaM. R S"" T+U. }#~"/ ῐ῎῎ .0 Z}#~. V !" 0123456 WX 65YX. V% ῐ῎῎ . ῒ | Z}#~. Z[0'3\5]X^ 9 Z_. m 1 ^[a234f.
(69) `"*NJKaMbc. Z 56 7 aU[. d =e23 fg f ῏ D ῏ h"h. ^[a2 E*9 Zm. + _! *ij "BU[X "kjdZ . a28x p 9N hEF5(:ow . "lm"^["*
(70) . R 6>'?<E*+; . "n+o [B /B . #. JKor 9[N ΐ &' ( z
(71) ῐ < = >{ 7 ?@ d[%ZJK` r8 AB~% L s ΐ hMJKj 9 P91 ¡C~%D¢ £
(72) B[ 9 ¢
(73) ¤xB[ Q m !
(74) HBE¥8 >
(75) <
(76)
(77) B[. h¦ r §%n+. ºG ῏. ¯R». o / n+ow[/JK 9A ¨! ©UV9ªF _ G¢H«*=35¬5 IJ6>'?<E T+UV. !" <JKPK R /L <M ^ ^%!N N8/JK <^ 9 6>'?<E8x 9Vd O%P+[ QO_ Vd6>'?<E*%®A ¯ °5± zv>²³ ´5µ ¶5 ºG ῐ. S"" ¯R». ·¸¬5{ QO zH 9¹{ +. NII-Electronic Library Service.
(78) Shiga University. U·)[9VA¸ Lawrence Hall of Science */[9W9~¹º»®¼ 4GEMS5 )X.
(79) ῑ 9:;<= A<BC
(80) BC. 8A T . ῒ ¢) ,-. i j/. k) G+ ) G+.
(81) ))«
(82). . 8A T ),-³ #7 ST) w´x ®. ῌ῍῎. ῐ 6)7 )@ A<BC
(83) BC8/9:;<=. /F<m23/. S./. 3)8A mQ8*$ MML/ £¤ ¥$. Fῌi L/ῌB KC¡33 F%WFV2¦ Ni%G H? I,- §F¨ J63/ ' {' B ' )2i)&/LF ,- d?./ G+)©%&/LF T/ G+)©%&/LF T/ Mi)'o/ $/2NO Q V *$ °±²¦Q 8A C¡33./ R)§Fm / ῐ ¢) j Q ,-./ j). ,-./. |'q&' 2i !/ ,- *$ ') G+|'Q, - *$ ) G+|'Q, - *$ '2i j O N'o/$ /¤¥$ 8ATQ ®¯ *$ ΐ 6) ,- Q 8*$ )§F ¨J µ¤¥$. =>?./ 8A KL/. /@+ ./ DE'QF/ mQ8*$. eK/)f KL/. H? ¤ 2i/ §F L/ ,-2N G+) P¦/ ') G+© §$ !NF ' !"# F 8A KL/. ) G+$¤ ¥$ 'r'ª| Q8*$ P|"¬)Q W $K|'Q8*$ DE'QF/ mQ8*$. !"L$ ) !"#F ) L/ Kw´x ® ¶L/w´x K/ ®,- Q8*$.
(84) . BC
(85) BC)nop )!" ῏ #$ ῐ %. . ῐ #$ ῒ % ῑ #$ ῐ %)U %KL/. . !"#$ %
(86) &'. ei. j/f */q&'r'. () *+,-./*$0123. st uvwxy )( z{. 4 ῑ 5 ῐ 6)7 8/9:;<=. )JF q&'|')Y*. '|"l"(} M) ~;
(87) ῑ >?)@ A<BC
(88) BC)DE. $ z{OY."" ῑ */*$. FG)9:;<=HI+2J . + ),-. # j. )KL/ MN ῐ 6)7 K OP!P. e.""f 3NF)2 j. A<BC
(89) BC Q9:;<=R". OY ῑ *./)2 /F23/M. N )6FQS9T/. *'Q 7K)Y0. U QFM VK/. ./ , QF' P 71z. ῌῌῌῌ῍. {'|" ') P'N2i.
(90) .
(91) . /,-/$ e{' FQF/ 2. MN)7 WFQ S. i // !'Q32"+Ff e{'. XYQ )9ZM K. FQF/'4TNFf F'. 2 P GEMS )9:, [9, 7\K. 5 62. 2$2 )]^_ `K)7. ,-)d7./ . a./bc),-d&"/. ,- *+8QF/)9)2. +9:;<=) eS./f g./. 4TQ8*$0123 p 9. A<BC
(92) BC)$ h. ῏ #$2N ῑ #$PKW" d./:;. 'QX./ ei j/f ek) G+. @ L/ WF)/. ) G+f l">m/ MN)A<. MK )*$d.*F26FQ. NII-Electronic Library Service.
(93) Shiga University. ῌ῍῎. u v w *¼x y z{*.
(94) . . !"#$%&. -yz 4{|HOP$ 2 ,HI GEMS F*FG6 *+, -}J
(95) &'. '( ) *+, - ῐ῏ ./ 0. ~9K( 0 4 &). $
(96) 10 !"$ 2 *. GEMS ZB*+, -TL13 . +, -13 2 45657. $H#B $p9
(97) &. 8)5
(98) 139 2 (.. 7:MN (*+, -OPHQ>:. $ *:;$ 0 *. : 0 R&5B(S,. 13<$= 0
(99) >$. 0 4 GEMS W=!HVW. ? @A&' 09* B(+. !>? M$ 2)5. CDE$( )F9G 8). B . 5 *+, -H00$%( . (I$JB K. ῎. GEMS
(100) . ,13 H0L MHNB !"OP$Q R . ῎ῌῌ. GEMS . T . Z ' GEMS U ] V . 5 !"&)!)5 "#$$S T%. GEMS w JGC (. &!9 'U 0 GEMS VW!. JGC ῑ῏῏ῐ O WXYZT.. (5B) *+, -J8. [G\>5 ] GEMS . &5 *. abcdecd;2?Z^ Z *. +,0 $S ,. X$1YBZCM$! " $S OP$[\-B&!
(101) . +,$2 ῒ _Z` JGC m ¡#]V¢. . & £ t¤ GEMS . ῍ῌ῎. O ΐ ¦Nd{>5 ῑ῏῏ O: § ῑ῏ ¦. abc$Z(YB T.¥c . ./ 0X12 GEMS $]B. c>5B. *+,VW304^$#_ . e2fg¨b©ª«uH*+,¬'¨. Z0 GEMS 5. b©ª«u(+U]V JGC ¢. 6H7`9abcdecdf6NB. & [®h GEMS ¯ ,Et>5. g8$92BZ0 ]
(102) h. B ¯G\°iNB±j. I # _ 7 : GEMS . ῎ῌ῍. GEMS . ij;\k abcdecd$X)l<. JGC ῒ Ne2²³$62B. abcdecdl< 0W=m. $´k95µ l , m¶. b n > ? 9 Y B GEMS . B *+,$MN
(103) GEMS. @9FA(WA$7o
(104) p&. $]
(105) ·¸ *+,e2. 2)5 . B²³ ῑ T.¨b©ª«um . W=qr&) *+, - VWBC. 0nop d{>5 a¹©º . HD
(106) NB ZCJ8$ 2. Ze2$fg9²³ ·¸fg. DE$( )WsG$p9
(107) . ¨b©ª«um ± ῑ T.a¹©º . !"OPNB, $S YBf2. fg¨b©ª«u$m. D
(108) YB!)5 OP$ T% \-. 7:$ ῒ »`Z(YBqr9 ²³. &!9 Et 8)5 . 96>5 a¹©º ῑ s GEMS . uvwx F*FG6,. GEMS $]. ¯$Gt9
(109) ·¸fg¨. NII-Electronic Library Service.
(110) Shiga University. 3V«!45¬ Lawrence Hall of Science «!»! 0123 QGEMSU ¼6.
(111) .
(112) GEMS GEMS !"#$%&'()*+,- ./ 01234, 5678 GEMS 9: GEMS !.; )< => $ ?@4A B<C / JGC D
(113) $ E F G H I / NPO JKLMN1OP QRS Tkids (. TU . V GEMS WXYZ4. }. 5678tuw'xyz{ Q º U. ,- [\4]' ^_N Tkids H` a'4, . zf' QU mdbghb GEMS !z4. / 5678. 4 cdl 4, <. bcd) . 4!R f' ). e9' f/ ghij. m( ! . bkcdll$ mm n/. JGC D
(114) E F G 8 N h . gh RS<4, \lg. QU d 4 GEMS W. ho Tkids pq rs<4, . < JGC 3( -#$b. b Tkids H. d)l JGC ¡¢ |£23. `a' J . ¤"cdlm(<,- WA#k$¥. b \45678tu' . `a'¡¢% f'. J4, ve9'(tuw'xyz{. X4,l ¦ zf'&'. 12| n/ Q} . j$
(115) l. } e~U. } d . } n/ Tkids H. `a'4<(<zf' Q U. `a'xyz{§¨©. 4 !f' QU ! Q U. ( !f'() *ª z. NPO Jf' QU . f'(«!¬() ®) . }. Tkids He9 'xyz{ Q º U. }. Tkids H`a 'xyz{§¨ Q º U. t¯+4<zb°, - 5678tuw' NPO Jf ' <(< QU f' QU. 4 !. !. QU ". / «! ± ² ³8´. µ/A#t¯-0z°1¯42¶d ) Q} e~U mdbz·¸¹. NII-Electronic Library Service.
(116) Shiga University. @ n o :p q rR.
(117) . u;v%uwx <=8Fyz[
(118). . <=8 :n{>;:?2:n@.
(119) . |}~ ". qA0BCDE. 2e? %FGc<=8;%H#(P o
(120) 3 ! f D GEMS I &J7 %_. ῎ ῎ῌῌ.
(121) GEMS
(122) GEMS . KH LHS # GEMS L k. GEMS E'ºl»#m S ¼ X. E$[ ML%NO# *2456739R! P KH #o GEMS o39<. ῍ῌ῎. GEMS .
(123) !"# Tkids $"%& '#(!) GEMS *+,-./012.
(124) !"#H# i,B67D GEMS $R! SStage, X. D<$Q RS%[. 34567 *829:;<. GEMS $KH<= %T31. =>? @A*2B6C,. SPromising Science ProgramX #U)!. <3 D9 GEMS E /.
(125) %2 VK<=hC6K,o(. !F"& G". pH# W<=hC6K,X<#. # H#IJ,K, LM.N47'O$. Y6R!
(126) %$!( GEMS. %#( E / ". FW<=hC6K,X<#Y6[. %"P &Q3R!3 ST'U46C. LJ JlsL . $. VW, X. 07 JK /,L 4J4 4. D<= S()Y *D Z+DX . 6 ¡L ¢jW,B0£ ¤..0¥. %[ GEMS \]#&QR!. ¦K sW,k61.§, ,h4. S, ^-X _) ./. j¨h4 ©ªjh rC . '`abc01d*D2e33f. W. bR! ". 4g`04g5. VK<=hC6K, <=«. Z+Dh,i,j4N6hk4h-,l. 446%[¬Z! [33<=. >6F 78# GEMS F9[. P\2<=#] W2® ID6&. m Tkids (:. hC6K,#(P¯6R! ^°IW. no(p. ®2D±5l GEMS <$. q#o GEMS rs07 t ,. ()Y:D_ ³'Y() ./'`abc01d*D :n@0¶bKZ+D 4g`04g5Z+D :n@# *D qiFGc# *D. D#o GEMS . `a$=fb 2e33fb Ucde Df6g SSῌ <=8. o3²< ¨,´±0¨,´±0-µ ©J¨kVC0£ tu;v%uwx h·7 tu;v%uwx. S§i6 GEMS B6C,VH¤,©¡6j8;' ¸ T'U46CVW, F%#¹
(127) X. NII-Electronic Library Service.
(128) Shiga University. ;N(~¼ Lawrence Hall of Science +N(a(]78D BGEMSC ·:.
(129) . GEMS
(130) . l *?; DE . . +,/()dr]p B/3F. ! "#
(131) $%. C K1 4k. & '
(132) () *+,. dr ;E G()E. () -(./0. 4 0/ ()H BHosoume IsF " C. ῎ῌῌ.
(133) . _/ ;r GEMS }$%z". GEMS 123145. UE1JMKL ML. 678"9: ;<=. NO8? 9@. >? LHS 3;@ GEMS . A!"= bc@;PQQ. 12A BProfessional.
(134) B5`(R:SC . DevelopmentC 7 8 D E / . T|3 GEMS 7,9%$U. F"G$% H I!"#J. @;(UVW`/0*. K$%1&?'L. X0?. M. *b@cJ `i . ()N(* BC +O ;@+. E_4K GEMS 1 HY. EH IP,5-Q?. cQ A!"# . ./01. I 2R. ()]`ic GEMS Z3. S "T"U+ VQ +W XY. [\ ]^ HQ_:0. + IP,!?. +k. O Z[\S6+]^ BC .3H IP, Q _45`. ῏. . . '( 6a78 bc /<d9 _4Aef IP,:g. `( LHS 2cN( a(. h8 + BC /H IP,. b GEMS 2Xcd GEMS . .3E*i _45` /<. c[ ; er;1J. _4AefjQ?. f¡c. *kcA78D +5-. /¢.£p¤?t. ;l(.3m]<^+,n=*. ¥suhv S¦"!{s4gkh. +]<^>opA78D. Y?> GEMS i :cd§. ?q GEMS +>. ?.
(135) c 9 @ + d r B O. B C j¨ kN(lm3noL (. 6" stu+ v!s+C / GEMS . 0. A78D IP,:g Ac. GEMS ;N(]©`ª£b. _4Aw:BOE, BArkansas. ,::0lc .p«2¬b,. Center for Mathematics and Science Educa-. qN(]uFs" VQr. tion, ; Central Michigan University. :s K( ®"uc]A¨l>. GEMS Education Center, C xy. 3N(`¯° t? ±²s. _4z"U!{$7ef C. uv::2YLc 2<wY?³´ /cµx. ῎ῌ῍. GEMS
(136) . R N(DV+kj¨?. _| GEMS 1}$%z"U . b¶b·y3lm (78¸u_. X Y ~ ; T \ s " " s % \ h. z {Lc ¢.|¹z3}. Z s !s"\ F ; . ` (ºefD»r. NII-Electronic Library Service.
(137) Shiga University. ῌ῎῍. c .
(138) GEMS .
(139) !
(140) ". GEMS K!;RQS!
(141) . T UV% GEMS WX+Y {SR|};~\t\e@
(142) . #$%
(143) &. Z GEMS %WpE@! -
(144) . '( ) *%%+.
(145) 6 GEMS % [ \ 9 . ,)% )%-./0. \t\ \\ \\]@. *123-. F]{= {SR|};~\. 4 ῑ 5 )61
(146) 7*8. t\{SR|};~\t\e . -"9. St\76 n&K- ῑ῏῏ῐ ^. GEMS %:;<= . " #. $ ! !">? #$@#?A * -. %WN_` GEMS &' ab; c5d! pE%%z
(147) I1 UV%Ne! W,fg%. 0*12B%$-CD%!C1, %. qrsB%hK9 o& W,f. %1E%FGF &'() *H.
(148) 2M
(149) &')iC7%. 0&'+IE& ). jJKk
(150) , lNC?1p. %,- J./D1&%
(151) *. CmnKCK6. 01KLMM0*12)67. k V" B%W+ HI. ?2
(152) . %" B%Wo o%p?KqrM. 4ῒ5. GEMS N3OP= )Q%. &%& HIstC7" K GEMS. RSTSUV4WM X"N3%YG. % >N3 ! h!
(153) 1&, . 9. 2KuH)"etS\$v¡!
(154). GEMS LHS 5 6 > ? 1 0 * Z D.
(155) )¢Kw-
(156) &%£C UH. [\]^<%70*12%8_K9`. %" b¤¥X%¦
(157) *§¨!
(158) . 9 1*%," C7a
(159) :b;1*%. ©67? xª 4ῐΐΐΐ5 HI%" . 4WN3 c d<!1"9 LHS. yw%«¬}rs<@9%. )c="e%f'gh9>?. z! UV%" 2®{!1. f'@i)QAj! K7kBCDl. &')i¯
(160) <|>?1")+°. m! n GEMS * LHS %o!1pE%. ZK9} ~ %%± F%0%. 7C7FI?1qrs9. RJ%ZKK() o%1E0%. N3t<u LHS %S=rt\,. "
(161) ²0
(162) "6CK. m" v@>? G7KN3!1FTwx. ) K ³ %%± 4WrS,4W. Tw HI2%yJ" K4W%%Aj!. 7%0*B%$-CD%hKZC. .Kz7? )Qo?0K). & UV%" K GEMS p!. 6 MI{SR|};~\]^S. GEMS %´:;<=K. %%9K GEMS )Qt<u. &')iv¡!
(163) C0Cµ!. V" KL! {SR|};~\. K7 0% " ²0
(164) . ]^S%U\ "KN3>?
(165) . "6C©6()K9 &!1. &% GEMS N3OP= )Q%M. " 07¬}rs<@1E. WV4WM zYG%M9. ῑ }1 pM¥.
(166) 6. ¶&K·. K ῒ M%NO PKI >?. >7xª 4ῐΐΐΐ5 HI%" l.
(167) {SR|};~\]^S%pQ ,. z! yJh¸Ko¹NC?
(168) *%%. o?5-{SR|};~\t\. " º%yJh¸K»
(169) ¼(E7?. 7 L " e \ ! .
(170) %z! UV%%±" º y. NII-Electronic Library Service.
(171) Shiga University. %Mx-~º Lawrence Hall of Science
(172) Tx--G3»0¬ bGEMSe ¼7.
(173) .
(174). 0lTUab . . GEMS >2A4 c. !
(175)
(176) "#. !q=m% &E+). $%&' !%. University of Colorado at Boulder . ( . Catherine Higbee Ishida d&-. )* "+ *,-
(177) .. &-ef
(178) ghi j. /
(179) - 0123!4
(180) 5. . 6 78 &9" :;<=>?1@
(181) AB C D<, <. !<EF !& "#<. GHIJ,7K -L!4/ $:;
(182) " %M &'(
(183) N<I)OP*+,-.. <%/QK,0R
(184) 1+ S ) GEMS TS
(185) U! VJ2W X3)*% -L G Y4 S)
(186) -,*
(187) .5
(188) -ZCS0123, [ \ /$!<K "GHIJ,7 K -L!4-]%6
(189). -$78%^9 )Y4_:;`<7
(190) !EaS
(191)
(192) NFI)O P*+ bc=d> e [f!+ )# * ?X"@EaS GEMS C NPO. A%BC g. h-] D8Y.%E F GiH F jklmnopq% Y ! rstKu)0! F-],_:IJK ῒῌ <v -LMwJx-<vN OPyzQ<vbCeb{RS|῎ . TU῎VWXY}e zQ<v bBe b{ RS| ῎ TU ῎ Z[~e P\%]F ῑῐ <!^_%/Q&E+) Lawrence Hall of Science, University of California, Berkeley Kimi Hosoume . Traci Wierman . GEMS. >2Y_` " NPO. Apq2. ῏ ῎ ΐ ῍ American Association for the Advancement of Science be Science for All Americans, Oxford University Press American Association for the Advancement of Science, Project be Benchmarks for Science Literacy, Oxford University Press Arkansas Center for Mathematics and Science Education, http : //arkansasmath.com/ gemsprf.htm b [\e California Department of Education be No Child Left Behind Act of , Teacher Requirements, http : / / www. cde. ca. gov / nclb/sr/tq b [\e Central Michigan University GEMS Education Center, http : //gems.cmich.edu/current῍ prof῍dev.htm b [\e klb mno Xpq b e ? = ¡¢2m x-%r£ ¤ ¥ sV Colorado State Board of Education b e CDE Professional Development Guidelines, www.cde.state.co.us/cdeprof/cdeprofsvc/ download/pdf/pdguidelines.pdf, b [\e GEMS, Lawrence Hall of Science, University of California, Berkeley, http : //www.lhsgems.org/ b [\e GEMS >2 be GEMS ¦§ ¨©¥ GEMS >2 GEMS >2tM2pq0fH IJ be u ª GEMS x-Gj«2 ¬ ῌῌ F®-X5%vaS ῌῌ f¯ _°w¥ NPO Apq20l GEMS >2±2²2 http : // www.jeef.or.jp/GEMS/gems.html b [\e Kuhn, T. S. b, e x³yz b e x´{µ|¥ A¶w} Lawrence Hall of Science b e GEMS >2z be To build a house ῌῌ x - · % ¸ ῌῌ¹ GEMS >2. NII-Electronic Library Service.
(193) Shiga University.
(194) . © ª « r7 r.
(195) !" # $!%&' ῍. http : //www.mext.go. jp/b῎menu/shingi/chukyo/chukyo /gijiroku/ / / .htm ( ) *+ National Research Council ,-./01 23 456789:; <= >?@ABC ῌῌ D EF G ῌῌH IJKL Northern Arizona University, Professional Development Opportunities for Science Educators, http : //www.nau.edu/cstl/cstl/ site / prof ῎ dev / index. html ( )* + Piaget, P. 3 M9
(196) N <OPQ RSTU V WXYH OPU Rodd, J. Z[\C]D^_2 `Ga P b c ^ D d , E e f g h i j ῌῌ kDlEmW ῌῌ nopq7 rs <tBu 7 vwxEy " z wx{d,G^H |}~ Stage, E. e " # GEMS B\ '. r < `G_H U D ! " #i !' http : / / www. kantei. go. jp / jp / singi / kyouiku/ bunka/dai /siryou .pdf ( )*+ Teacher Education Materials Project : A Database for K῍ Mathematics and Science Professional Development Providers, http : // www.te῍mat.org/ ( )*+ The Regents of the University of California ¡ tran῍s ¢ £¤1 <mD¥H R¦§@ GEMS ¨@?B The Regents of the University of California ©ª«r¢ £¤1 <¬ D®¯H R¦§@ GEMS ¨@?B Vygotsky, L. S. °±²³ <´& Wµ¶ · ¸H q¹U Wireman, T.
(197) ^_2 `GaP º»2
(198) !" #d! ¼ ' http : / / www. mext. go. jp / b ῎ menu/shingi/chukyo/chukyo /gijiroku/ / / .htm ( )*+. NII-Electronic Library Service.
(199) Shiga University. Lawrence Hall of Science
(200) GEMS . ῌ῎῍. This paper introduces GEMS, educational materials for math and science developed at Lawrence Hall of Science, UC Berkeley. First, we review the theoretical background of GEMS. Next, we introduce a lesson using the GEMS unit on liquid in an informal educational setting. Then we discuss ways of disseminating GEMS in Japan and the US. The following characteristics are noted ; ῏ GEMS is a resource to involve students in learning scientific concepts and processes through inquiry, ῐ The series of teacher’s guides are intended to be easy to use for anyone who wants to communicate about science, and ῑ the GEMS project is a model to link the content of science museums with classroom teaching. The GEMS materials can be effective resources for encouraging science communication and also for training teachers as science communicators in Japan. Key Words : GEMS, educational resource, science communication, professional development. NII-Electronic Library Service.
(201) Shiga University.
(202) . J K » AtL ¼MA. GEMS GEMS
(203) . P.
(204) !
(205) "#$ %&'()*+,-./0 * 12345 6789 6789 ::;<=>:;< * ?@ >AB< 2C@D$4> EFGH9 7,I9 J9 K L;MNO -( @P% QR * ST UPVW XW Y * Z([( \]^ \#M _$`4a Dbcde -f@P1g6 h !
(206) "#$ * ij * %&'()D"e %&'()kl E m * fn ofpn * ! "q#H $%&r f ,H * 'stut( * )vw* xy+ * ,z{| }~ - 's.E * /01D2b^t.3 r]N4 ;MNO 56E /0 's 7$c n 8 ((R ( ,-n*+,-./0 ! * &h E ^^\ M * @n IῌD"e9]ῌ* Znn6S0-, * n -I I, :`=e ; ¡ ¢<£¤{n * =;:¥c¦^ g6( C -,. > §O¨© *+,-./0 ª>?« £0ª> * ¬0n®n%C( ¬0n®n%C(9 too© @<A * ª>ῌD 4 ¯ B° 4> * d<ª> * ±C=5 DE;F²D³¦´GµH GEMS ¶@<A·¸ . ¹I¨5º. K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NII-Electronic Library Service.
(207)
関連したドキュメント
[r]
工学部の川西琢也助教授が「米 国におけるファカルティディベ ロップメントと遠隔地 学習の実 態」について,また医学系研究科
This research was supported by Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province (10KJB110003) and Jiangsu Uni- versity of Science and
Arnold This paper deals with recent applications of fractional calculus to dynamical sys- tems in control theory, electrical circuits with fractance, generalized voltage di-
Arnold This paper deals with recent applications of fractional calculus to dynamical sys- tems in control theory, electrical circuits with fractance, generalized voltage di-
当図書室は、専門図書館として数学、応用数学、計算機科学、理論物理学の分野の文
Amount of Remuneration, etc. The Company does not pay to Directors who concurrently serve as Executive Officer the remuneration paid to Directors. Therefore, “Number of Persons”
総合支援センター スポーツ科学・健康科学教育プログラム室 ライティングセンター