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(63. Do you not see what you sow.) (64. Is it you that make it grow, or are We the Grower) (65. Were it Our will, We could crumble it to d

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(1)

(And He it is Who originat es t he creat ion, t hen He will repeat it ; and t his is easier for Him.)(30:27),

⊥マ∠Α ∇ユ∠ャ∠ヱ ⊥モ∇ら∠ホ リ͡ョ ⊥ロゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ゅzル∠ぺ ⊥リ⇒∠ジ∇ル͡Ηま ⊥ゲ⊥ミ∇グ∠Α ∠Ι∠ヱ∠ぺぴ

び ⇔ゅゃ∇Β∠セ

(Does not man remember t hat We creat ed him before, while he was not hing)(19:67),

リ͡ョ ⊥ヮ⇒∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ゅzル∠ぺ ⊥リ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ∠ゲ∠Α ∇ユ∠ャ∠ヱ∠ぺぴ

∠ヲ⊥ワ や∠ク͡み∠プ ∃る∠ヘ∇トぁル

∀リΒ͡らxョ ∀ユΒ͡ダ∠カ

-∠メゅ∠ホ ⊥ヮ∠ボ∇ヤ∠カ ∠ヴ͡ジ∠ル∠ヱ ⇔Κ∠ん∠ョ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∠ゆ∠ゲ∠ッ∠ヱ

∀ユΒ͡ョ∠ケ ∠ヴ͡ワ∠ヱ ∠ユ⇒∠ヌ͡バ∇ャや ͡ヴエ⊥Α リ∠ョ

-ン͡グzャや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡Β∇エ⊥Α ∇モ⊥ホ

び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∃ペ∇ヤ∠カ あモ⊥ム͡よ ∠ヲ⊥ワ∠ヱ ∃りzゲ∠ョ ∠メzヱ∠ぺ べ∠ワ∠ほ∠ゼル∠ぺ

(Does not man see t hat We have creat ed him from Nut fah. Yet behold he (st ands fort h) as an open opponent . And he put s fort h for Us a parable, and forget s his own creat ion. He says: " Who will give life t o t hese bones aft er t hey are rot t en and have become dust '' Say: "He will give life t o t hem Who creat ed t hem for t he first t ime! And He is t he All-Knower of every creat ion.'')(36:77-79), and,

ン⇔ギ⊥シ ∠ポ∠ゲ∇わ⊥Α ラ∠ぺ ⊥リ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ⊥ょ∠ジ∇エ∠Α∠ぺぴ

-⇔る∠ヘ∇ト⊥ル ⊥マ∠Α ∇ユ∠ャ∠ぺ

ヴ∠レ∇ヨ⊥Α yヴ͡レzョ リあョ

-ンzヲ∠ジ∠プ ∠ペ∠ヤ∠ガ∠プ ⇔る∠ボ∠ヤ∠ハ ∠ラゅ∠ミ zユ⊥を

-や ͡リ∇Β∠ィ∇ヱzゴャ-や ⊥ヮ∇レ͡ョ ∠モ∠バ∠イ∠プ

ヴ∠んルyΙや∠ヱ ∠ゲ∠ミzグャ

-∠マ͡ャ∠ク ∠ザ∇Β∠ャ∠ぺ

び ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲ∠ヨ∇ャや ∠ヴ͡Β∇エ⊥Α ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ ∃ケ͡ギ⇒∠ボ͡よ

(Does man t hink t hat he will be left neglect ed Was he not a Nut fah of semen emit t ed Then he became an ` Alaqah (a clot ); t hen shaped and fashioned in due proport ion. And made of him t wo sexes, male and female. Is not He able t o give life t o t he dead)(75:36-40)

∠ラヲ⊥を⊥ゲ∇エ∠ゎ ゅzョ ユ⊥わ∇Α∠¬∠ゲ∠プ∠ぺぴ

-⊥リ∇エ∠ル ∇ュ∠ぺ ⊥ヮ∠ルヲ⊥ハ∠ケ∇ゴ∠ゎ ∇ユ⊥わル∠¬∠ぺ

∠ラヲ⊥ハ͡ケ∠ゴャや

-∇ユ⊥わ∇ヤ∠ヌ∠プ ⇔ゅヨ⇒∠ト⊥ェ ⊥ロゅ∠レ∇ヤ∠バ∠イ∠ャ ⊥¬べ∠ゼ∠ル ∇ヲ∠ャ

∠ラヲ⊥ヰzム∠ヘ∠ゎ

-∠ラヲ⊥ョ∠ゲ∇ピ⊥ヨ∠ャ ゅzル͡ま

-∠ラヲ⊥ョヱ⊥ゲ∇エ∠ョ ⊥リ∇エ∠ル ∇モ∠よ

(2)

-∠ラヲ⊥よ∠ゲ∇ゼ∠ゎ ン͡グzャや ∠¬べ∠ヨ∇ャや ⊥ユ⊥わ∇Α∠¬∠ゲ∠プ∠ぺ

-⊥ロヲ⊥ヨ⊥わ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ ∇ユ⊥わル∠¬∠ぺ

∠ラヲ⊥ャ͡ゴレ⊥ヨ∇ャや ⊥リ∇エ∠ル ∇ュ∠ぺ ͡ラ∇ゴ⊥ヨ∇ャや ∠リ͡ョ

-⊥ヮ⇒∠レ∇ヤ∠バ∠ィ ⊥¬べ∠ゼ∠ル ∇ヲ∠ャ

∠ラヱ⊥ゲ⊥ム∇ゼ∠ゎ ∠Ι∇ヲ∠ヤ∠プ ⇔ゅィゅ∠ィ⊥ぺ

-ヴ͡わzャや ∠ケゅzレャや ⊥ユ⊥わ∇Α∠¬∠ゲ∠プ∠ぺ

∠ラヱ⊥ケヲ⊥ゎ

-∠ゼル∠ぺ ∇ユ⊥わル∠¬∠ぺ

⊥リ∇エ∠ル ∇ュ∠ぺ べ∠ヰ∠ゎ∠ゲ∠イ∠セ ∇ユ⊥ゎ∇ほ

∠ラヲ⊥ゃ͡ゼレ⊥ヨ∇ャや

-∠リΑ͡ヲ∇ボ⊥ヨ∇ヤあャ ⇔ゅバ⇒∠わ∠ョ∠ヱ ⇔り∠ゲ͡ミ∇グ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ヤ∠バ∠ィ ⊥リ∇エ∠ル

-び ͡ユΒ͡ヌ∠バ∇ャや ∠マあよ∠ケ ͡ユ∇シゅ͡よ ∇ウあら∠ジ∠プ

(63. Do you not see what you sow.) (64. Is it you t hat make it grow, or are We t he Grower) (65. Were it Our will, We could crumble it t o dry pieces, and you would be Tafakkahun.) (66. (Saying:) "We are indeed Mughramun!'') (67. "Nay, but we are deprived!'') (68. Do you not see t he wat er t hat you drink.) (69. Is it you who cause it t o come down from Al-Muzn, or are We t he Cause of it coming down) (70. If We willed, We verily could make it salt y; why t hen do you not give t hanks) (71. Do you not see t he fire which you kindle.) (72. Is it you who made t he t ree t hereof t o grow, or are We t he Grower) (73. We have made it a Reminder, and an art icle of use for t he Muqwin.) (74. Then glorify wit h praises t he Name of your Lord, t he Most Great .)

Allah's Oneness demonstrated by causing the Plants to grow,

sending down the Rain and creating the Fire that Mankind needs

Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び ∠ラヲ⊥を⊥ゲ∇エ∠ゎ ゅzョ ユ⊥わ∇Α∠¬∠ゲ∠プ∠ぺぴ

(Do you not see what you sow.) in reference t o t illing t he eart h and plant ing seeds inside it ,

び⊥ヮ∠ルヲ⊥ハ∠ケ∇ゴ∠ゎ ∇ユ⊥わル∠¬∠ぺぴ

(Is it you t hat make it grow,) ` do you cause t hese seeds t o grow inside t he eart h,'

び∠ラヲ⊥ハ͡ケ∠ゴャや ⊥リ∇エ∠ル ∇ュ∠ぺぴ

(or are We t he Grower) Allah says, ` rat her it is We Who cause t he seeds t o remain firmly and grow inside t he eart h.' Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

(3)

»

zリ∠ャヲ⊥ボ∠ゎ ゅ∠ャ

:

͡ムャ∠ヱ ⊥ろ∇ハ∠ケ∠コ

∇モ⊥ホ ∇リ

:

ろ∇を∠ゲ∠ェ

«

(Do not say, "Zara` t u (I made it grew),'' but say, "Harat ht u (I sowed t illed).'') Abu Hurayrah added, "Have you not heard Allah's st at ement ,

∠ラヲ⊥を⊥ゲ∇エ∠ゎ ゅzョ ユ⊥わ∇Α∠¬∠ゲ∠プ∠ぺぴ

-⊥リ∇エ∠ル ∇ュ∠ぺ ⊥ヮ∠ルヲ⊥ハ∠ケ∇ゴ∠ゎ ∇ユ⊥わル∠¬∠ぺ

び ∠ラヲ⊥ハ͡ケ∠ゴャや

(Do you not see what you sow. Is it you t hat make it grow, or are We t he Grower)'' Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び⇔ゅヨ⇒∠ト⊥ェ ⊥ロゅ∠レ∇ヤ∠バ∠イ∠ャ ⊥¬べ∠ゼ∠ル ∇ヲ∠ャぴ

(Were it Our will, We could crumble it t o dry pieces,) meaning, ` We caused t he seeds t o grow wit h Our compassion and mercy and left t hem int act inside t he eart h as mercy for you. If We will, We would t urn t hem dry before t hey ripen and get ready t o be harvest ed,'

び∠ラヲ⊥ヰzム∠ヘ∠ゎ ∇ユ⊥わ∇ヤ∠ヌ∠プぴ

(and you would be Tafakkahun.) Allah explained t his st at ement by saying,

ゅzル͡まぴ

∠ラヲ⊥ョ∠ゲ∇ピ⊥ヨ∠ャ

-び ∠ラヲ⊥ョヱ⊥ゲ∇エ∠ョ ⊥リ∇エ∠ル ∇モ∠よ

((Saying:) "We are indeed Mughramun! Nay, but we are deprived!'') Allah says, ` if We crumble t he plant s int o dry pieces, you would be wondering regarding what happened, somet imes saying: we are indeed Mughramun, i.e., ruined.' Muj ahid and ` Ikrimah said t hat Mughramun means, being t he subj ect of revenge. Qat adah comment ed, "You would say, ` We were punished,' somet imes, and, ` We were deprived,' some ot her t imes.'' ` Ikrimah said t hat ` You will be Tafakkahun' means ` You will blame each ot her (and yourselves),' or, feel sorrow, according t o Al-Hasan, Qat adah and As-Suddi. They will be feeling grief for what t hey spent or for t he sins t hat t hey have commit t ed in t he past (which cost t he dest ruct ion of t heir plant s). Al-Kisa'i said, "Tafakkaha is bot h t he synonym and t he ant onym.'' The Arabs say Tafakkaht u when t hey mean t hat t hey have enj oyed somet hing or felt grief. Allah t he Exalt ed said next ,

∠リ͡ョ ⊥ロヲ⊥ヨ⊥わ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ ∇ユ⊥わル∠¬∠ぺ ∠ラヲ⊥よ∠ゲ∇ゼ∠ゎ ン͡グzャや ∠¬べ∠ヨ∇ャや ⊥ユ⊥わ∇Α∠¬∠ゲ∠プ∠ぺぴ

び͡ラ∇ゴ⊥ヨ∇ャ

(Do you not see t he wat er t hat you drink. Is it you who cause it t o come down from Al-Muzn,) meaning clouds, according t o Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and ot hers. Allah said,

(4)

び∠ラヲ⊥ャ͡ゴレ⊥ヨ∇ャや ⊥リ∇エ∠ル ∇ュ∠ぺぴ

(or are We t he Causer of it t o come down) Allah is st at ing t hat indeed He is t he One Who causes t he rain t o fall,

び⇔ゅィゅ∠ィ⊥ぺ ⊥ヮ⇒∠レ∇ヤ∠バ∠ィ ⊥¬べ∠ゼ∠ル ∇ヲ∠ャぴ

(If We willed, We verily could make it salt y;) meaning salt y, sour, undrinkable and unfit for growing plant s,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲ⊥ム∇ゼ∠ゎ ∠Ι∇ヲ∠ヤ∠プぴ

(why t hen do you not give t hanks) ` why do you not appreciat e t he favor Allah does for you by sending down t he rain fresh, ready t o consume,'

∀ゆや∠ゲ∠セ ⊥ヮ∇レzョ ユ⊥ムzャ ⇔¬べ∠ョ ͡¬ゅ∠ヨzジャや ∠リ͡ョ ∠メ∠ゴ∇ル∠ぺ ン͡グzャや ∠ヲ⊥ワぴ

∠ラヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ジ⊥ゎ ͡ヮΒ͡プ ∀ゲ∠イ∠セ ⊥ヮ∇レ͡ョ∠ヱ

-∠ネ∇ケzゴャや ͡ヮ͡よ ∇ユ⊥ム∠ャ ⊥ろ͡らレ⊥Α

͡れ∠ゲ∠ヨzんャや あモ⊥ミ リ͡ョ∠ヱ ∠ょ⇒∠レ∇ハ∠Εや∠ヱ ∠モΒ͡ガzレャや∠ヱ ∠ラヲ⊥わ∇Αzゴャや∠ヱ

び ∠ラヱ⊥ゲzム∠ヘ∠わ∠Α ∃ュ∇ヲ∠ボあャ ⇔る∠ΑΓ ∠マ͡ャ∠ク ヴ͡プ zラ͡ま

(From it you drink and from it (grows) t he veget at ion on which you send your cat t le t o past ure. Wit h it He causes t o grow for you t he crops, t he olives, t he dat e palms, t he grapes, and every kind of fruit . Verily, in t his is indeed an evident proof and a manifest sign for people who give t hought .)(16:10-11) Allah said,

び ∠ラヱ⊥ケヲ⊥ゎ ヴ͡わzャや ∠ケゅzレャや ⊥ユ⊥わ∇Α∠¬∠ゲ∠プ∠ぺぴ

(Do you not see t he fire which you kindle. ) ` and t he fire you st art wit h t he use of t rees,'

び ∠ラヲ⊥ゃ͡ゼレ⊥ヨ∇ャや ⊥リ∇エ∠ル ∇ュ∠ぺ べ∠ヰ∠ゎ∠ゲ∠イ∠セ ∇ユ⊥ゎ∇ほ∠ゼル∠ぺ ∇ユ⊥わル∠¬∠ぺぴ

(Is it you who made t he t ree t hereof t o grow, or are We t he Grower) meaning, ` rat her We have made kindling fire possible.' The Arabs had t wo kinds of t rees called Al-Markh and Al-` Afar (t hat t hey used t o ignit e a fire). When t hey would rub a green branch from each of t hese t wo t rees against each ot her, sparkles of fire would emit from t hem. Allah's st at ement ,

∠レ∇ヤ∠バ∠ィ ⊥リ∇エ∠ルぴ

び⇔り∠ゲ͡ミ∇グ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヰ⇒

(5)

(We have made it a Reminder,) of t he Hellfire, according t o Muj ahid and Qat adah. Qat adah said, "We were t old t hat t he Messenger of Allah said, i

»

∇リ͡ョ ∀¬∇ゴ⊥ィ ∩∠ラヱ⊥ギ͡ホヲ⊥ゎ ヶ͡わzャや ͡ロ͡グワ ∇ユ⊥ミ⊥ケゅ∠ル ͡ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ゅ∠Α

∠ヰ∠ィ ͡ケゅ∠ル ∇リ͡ョ や⇔¬∇ゴ⊥ィ ∠リΒ͡バ∇ら∠シ

ユzレ

«

(O people, t his fire of yours t hat you kindle, is but one part out of sevent y part s of t he fire of Hell.) They said, "O Allah's Messenger! This fire alone is sufficient ly hot .'' The Messenger said,

»

∇ろ∠よ͡ゲ⊥ッ ∇ギ∠ホ ゅ∠ヰzル͡ま

)

͡¬ゅ∠ヨ∇ャゅ͡よ

(

͡リ∇Β∠わ∠よ∇ゲ∠ッ

͡リ∇Β∠ゎzゲ∠ョ ∇ヱ∠ぺ

ゅ∠ヰ∇レ͡ョ やヲ⊥ル∇ギ∠Α∠ヱ ∠ュ∠キへ ヲ⊥レ∠よ ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ∠ノ͡ヘ∇レ∠わ∇ジ∠Α ヴ∇わ∠ェ

«

(It was submerged in t he wat er t wice so t hat t he Children of ` Adam would be able t o benefit from it and draw closer t o it .) This narrat ion from Qat adah which is Mursal, was recorded by Imam Ahmad in his Musnad from Abu Hurayrah, from t he Prophet ;

»

͡ケゅ∠ル ∇リ͡ョ や⇔¬∇ゴ⊥ィ ∠リΒ͡バ∇ら∠シ ∇リ͡ョ ∀¬∇ゴ⊥ィ ͡ロ͡グワ ∇ユ⊥ミ∠ケゅ∠ル zラ͡ま

ゅ∠ョ ∠マ͡ャク ゅ∠ャ∇ヲ∠ャ∠ヱ ∩͡リ∇Β∠ゎzゲ∠ョ ͡ゲ∇エ∠ら∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ろ∠よ͡ゲ⊥ッ∠ヱ ∩∠ユzレ∠ヰ∠ィ

ギ∠ェ∠ほ͡ャ ⇔る∠バ∠ヘ∇レ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ⊥ぶや ∠モ∠バ∠ィ

«

(Verily, t his fire of yours is one part out of sevent y part s of t he fire of Hell. It was st ruck t wice against t he sea, ot herwise, Allah would not have made benefit in it for anyone.) Imam Malik also recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat Allah's Messenger said,

»

͡レ∠よ ⊥ケゅ∠ル

∠リΒ͡バ∇ら∠シ ∇リ͡ョ ∀¬∇ゴ⊥ィ ∩∠ラヱ⊥ギ͡ホヲ⊥Α ヶ͡わzャや ∠ュ∠キへ ヶ

ユzレ∠ヰ∠ィ ͡ケゅ∠ル ∇リ͡ョ や⇔¬∇ゴ⊥ィ

«

(The fire t hat t he Children of ` Adam kindle is one part out of sevent y part s of t he fire of Hell.) They said, "O Allah's Messenger! This fire alone is sufficient ly hot .'' He said,

»

や⇔¬∇ゴ⊥ィ ∠リΒあわ͡シ∠ヱ ∃る∠バ∇ジ͡わ͡よ ゅ∠ヰ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ ∇ろ∠ヤあツ⊥プ ∇ギ∠ホ ゅ∠ヰzル͡ま

«

((The fire of Hell) was made sixt y-nine t imes hot t er.) Al-Bukhari collect ed t his Hadit h from Malik and Muslim from Abu Az-Zinad. Allah's st at ement ,

(6)

び∠リΑ͡ヲ∇ボ⊥ヨ∇ヤあャ ⇔ゅバ⇒∠わ∠ョ∠ヱぴ

(and an art icle of use for t he Muqwin.) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak and An-Nadr bin ` Arabi said, "The meaning of Al-Muqwin is t ravelers.'' This is also what Ibn Jarir chose, and he said, "From it comes t he saying Aqwat Ad-Dar (t he house has become empt y), when it s people t raveled.'' ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said t hat here Al-Muqwi means t he hungry. Layt h bin Abi Sulaym report ed t hat Muj ahid said about t he Ayah,

び∠リΑ͡ヲ∇ボ⊥ヨ∇ヤあャ ⇔ゅバ⇒∠わ∠ョ∠ヱぴ

(and an art icle of use for t he Muqwin.) "For t hose who are present at t heir homes and t ravelers, for every kind of food t hat requires cooking by fire.'' Ibn Abi Naj ih also report ed t hat Muj ahid said, "` For t he Muqwin, means, all people who enj oy (eat ing food cooked by fire).'' Similar was ment ioned from ` Ikrimah, and t his explanat ion is more general t han t he previous, since t hose who are in t heir own locale and t raveling, whet her rich or poor, all need fire for cooking, heat ing and light ing purposes. It is out of Allah's kindness t hat He has made t he qualit y of kindling fire in some element s, such as st ones, t hat people can use and t ake in t he baggage for t heir j ourneys. When a t raveler needs fire at his campsit e for cooking and heat ing, he t akes out t hese subst ances and uses t hem t o kindle fire. He feels comfort next t o t he fire and he can use it for various needs t hat he has. Allah ment ions t his favor specifically in t he case of t ravelers, even t hough everyone benefit s from t he fire. Allah's st at ement ,

び ͡ユΒ͡ヌ∠バ∇ャや ∠マあよ∠ケ ͡ユ∇シゅ͡よ ∇ウあら∠ジ∠プぴ

(Then glorify wit h praises t he Name of your Lord, t he Most Great .) meaning, t he One by Whose abilit y t hese t hings opposit es were creat ed. He creat ed t he fresh t ast y wat er, and had He willed, He would have creat ed it salt y like seawat er. He also creat ed t he fire t hat burns, and made a benefit in it for t he servant s, suit able for t heir livelihood in t his life and as a warning and a punishment for t hem in t he Hereaft er.

͡ュヲ⊥イぁレャや ͡ノ͡ホ∠ヲ∠ヨ͡よ ⊥ユ͡ジ∇ホ⊥ぺ ∠Κ∠プぴ

-∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ヲzャ ∀ユ∠ジ∠ボ∠ャ ⊥ヮzル͡ま∠ヱ

∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ

-や∠¬∇ゲ⊥ボ∠ャ ⊥ヮzル͡ま

∀ユΑ͡ゲ∠ミ ∀ラ

-び ∃ラヲ⊥レ∇ムzョ ∃ょ⇒∠わ͡ミ ヴ͡プ

∠ラヱ⊥ゲzヰ∠ト⊥ヨ∇ャや zΙ͡ま ⊥ヮぁジ∠ヨ∠Α zΙぴ

-あゆzケ リあョ ∀モΑ͡ゴレ∠ゎ

び ∠リΒ͡ヨ∠ヤ⇒∠バ∇ャや

∠ラヲ⊥レ͡ワ∇ギぁョ ∇ユ⊥わル∠ぺ ͡ゑΑ͡ギ∠エ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ヰ͡ら∠プ∠ぺ

-び

∠ラヲ⊥よ∂グ∠ム⊥ゎ ∇ユ⊥ムzル∠ぺ ∇ユ⊥ム∠ホ∇コ͡ケ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠バ∇イ∠ゎ∠ヱ

-び

(7)

(75. Fala! I swear by t he Mawaqi` of t he st ars.) (76. And verily t hat is indeed a great oat h, if you but know.) (77. That (t his) is indeed an honorable recit at ion.) (78. In a Book Maknun.) (79. Which none t ouches but t he pure ones.) (80. A revelat ion from t he Lord of all t hat exist s.) (81. Is it such a t alk t hat you are Mudhinun) (82. And you make your provision your denial!)

Allah swears to the Greatness of the Qur'an

The usage of La (in Fala) is not an ext ra charact er wit hout meaning, as some of t he scholars of Tafsir say. Rat her it is used at t he beginning of an oat h when t he oat h is a negat ion. This is like when ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her said, "La by Allah! Allah's Messenger did not t ouch any woman's hand at all. So in t his way, t he meaning is, "No! I swear by t he Mawaqi` of t he st ars. The mat t er is not as you people claim - about t he Qur'an - t hat it is a result of magic or sorcery, rat her it is an Honorable Qur'an.'' Ibn Jarir said, "Some of t he scholars of t he Arabic language said t hat t he meaning of:

び⊥ユ͡ジ∇ホ⊥ぺ ∠Κ∠プぴ

(Fala! I swear) is, ` The mat t er is not as you people have claimed.' Then He renews t he oat h again by saying, ` I swear.'''

び ͡ュヲ⊥イぁレャや ͡ノ͡ホ∠ヲ∠ヨ͡よ ⊥ユ͡ジ∇ホ⊥ぺ ∠Κ∠プぴ

(Fala! I swear by t he Mawaqi` of t he st ars.) Muj ahid said, "The set t ing posit ions of t he st ars in t he sky,'' and he said t hat it refers t o t he rising and set t ing posit ions. This was said by Al-Hasan, Qat adah and preferred by Ibn Jarir. Qat adah also said t hat it means t heir posit ions. Allah said,

び ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ヲzャ ∀ユ∠ジ∠ボ∠ャ ⊥ヮzル͡ま∠ヱぴ

(And verily t hat is indeed a great oat h, if you but know.) meaning, ` t his is a great vow t hat I -- Allah -- am making; if you knew t he great ness of t his vow, you will know t he great ness of t he subj ect of t he vow,'

び ∀ユΑ͡ゲ∠ミ ∀ラや∠¬∇ゲ⊥ボ∠ャ ⊥ヮzル͡まぴ

(That (t his) is indeed an honorable recit at ion.) means, verily, t his Qur'an t hat was revealed t o Muhammad is a Glorious Book,

び ∃ラヲ⊥レ∇ムzョ ∃ょ⇒∠わ͡ミ ヴ͡プぴ

(In a Book Maknun.) meaning glorious; in a glorious, well-guarded, revered Book. Ibn Jarir narrat ed t hat Isma` il bin Musa said t hat Sharik report ed from Hakim, t hat is Ibn Jubayr, from Sa` id bin Jubayr, from Ibn ` Abbas t hat about :

(8)

び ∠ラヱ⊥ゲzヰ∠ト⊥ヨ∇ャや zΙ͡ま ⊥ヮぁジ∠ヨ∠Α zΙぴ

(Which none t ouches but t he pure ones.) he said, "The Book t hat is in heaven.'' Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas about :

び ∠ラヱ⊥ゲzヰ∠ト⊥ヨ∇ャや zΙ͡ま ⊥ヮぁジ∠ヨ∠Α zΙぴ

(Which none t ouches but t he pure ones.) t hat ` t he pure ones' means: "The angels.'' Similar was said by Anas, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Ad-Dahhak, Abu Ash-Sha` t ha' Jabir bin Zayd, Abu Nahik, As-Suddi, ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam and ot hers. Ibn Jarir narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Abdul-A` la said t hat Ibn Thawr said t hat Ma` mar said from Qat adah about :

び ∠ラヱ⊥ゲzヰ∠ト⊥ヨ∇ャや zΙ͡ま ⊥ヮぁジ∠ヨ∠Α zΙぴ

(Which none t ouches but t he pure ones.) t hat he said, "None can t ouch it , wit h Allah, except t he pure ones. However, in t his life, t he impure Zoroast rian and t he filt hy hypocrit e t ouch it .'' And he said, "In t he recit at ion of Ibn Mas` ud it is: (ゅ∠ョ ⊥ヮぁジ∠ヨ∠Α ゅzャ͡ま ∠ラヱ⊥ゲzヰ∠ト⊥ヨ∇ャや) (It is not touched, except by t he pure ones.) Abu Al-` Aliyah said:

び ∠ラヱ⊥ゲzヰ∠ト⊥ヨ∇ャや zΙ͡ま ⊥ヮぁジ∠ヨ∠Α zΙぴ

(Which none t ouches but t he pure ones.) "It does not refer t o you, because you are sinners!'' Ibn Zayd said, "The Quraysh disbelievers claimed t hat t he devils brought down t he Qur'an. Allah t he Exalt ed st at ed t hat only t he pure ones t ouch t he Qur'an, as He said:

⊥リΒ͡ト⇒∠Βzゼャや ͡ヮ͡よ ∇ろ∠ャzゴ∠レ∠ゎ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱぴ

-ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ∇ユ⊥ヰ∠ャ ヴ͡ピ∠らレ∠Α -ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ

∠ラヲ⊥バΒ͡ト∠わ∇ジ∠Α

-び ∠ラヲ⊥ャヱ⊥ゴ∇バ∠ヨ∠ャ ͡ノ∇ヨzジャや ͡リ∠ハ ∇ユ⊥ヰzル͡ま

(And it is not t he Shayat in who have brought it down. Neit her would it suit t hem nor t hey can (produce it ). Verily, t hey have been removed far from hearing it .)(26:210-212)'' This saying is a good saying, and does not cont radict t hose before it . Allah said,

∠バ∇ャや あゆzケ リあョ ∀モΑ͡ゴレ∠ゎぴ

び ∠リΒ͡ヨ∠ヤ⇒

(A revelat ion from t he Lord of all t hat exist s. ) meaning t his Qur'an is a revelat ion from t he Lord of all t hat exist s, not as t hey say t hat it is magic, sorcery or poet ry. Rat her it is t he t rut h, no doubt about it ; t here is none beyond it of useful t rut h. Allah's st at ement ,

(9)

(Is it such a t alk t hat you are Mudhinun) Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat Mudhinun means, "You do not believe in and deny.'' Similar t o t his was said by Ad-Dahhak, Abu Hazrah and As-Suddi. Muj ahid said,

び∠ラヲ⊥レ͡ワ∇ギぁョぴ

(Mudhinun) means "You want t o fill yourselves wit h and rely upon.''

び ∠ラヲ⊥よあグ∠ム⊥ゎ ∇ユ⊥ムzル∠ぺ ∇ユ⊥ム∠ホ∇コ͡ケ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠バ∇イ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ

(And you make your provision your denial!) some of t hem said t hat provision here has t he meaning of grat it ude, meaning: you deny wit hout any grat it ude. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he recit ed it as: (∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠バ∇イ∠ゎ∠ヱ ∇ユ⊥ミ∠ゲ∇ム⊥セ ∇ユ⊥ムzル∠ぺ ∠ラヲ⊥よあグ∠ム⊥ゎ) (And your show of your gratitude by denying!) Ibn Jarir narrat ed from Muhammad bin Bashshar, who narrat ed from Muhammad bin Ja` far, who narrat ed from Shu` bah, from Abu Bishr, from Sa` id bin Jubayr who said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "It has never rained upon a people except t hat some of t hem became disbelievers by saying, ` Such and such posit ion of a st ar sent rain!''' And Ibn ` Abbas recit ed: (∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠バ∇イ∠ゎ∠ヱ ∇ユ⊥ミ∠ゲ∇ム⊥セ ∇ユ⊥ムzル∠ぺ ∠ラヲ⊥よあグ∠ム⊥ゎ) (And you show of your gratitude by denying.) This chain of narration is Sahih t o Ibn ` Abbas. In his Muwat t a', Malik report ed from Salih bin Kaysan, from ` Ubaydullah bin ` Abdullah bin ` Ut bah bin Mas` ud, from Zayd bin Khalid Al-Juhani who said, "The Prophet led us in t he Subh (dawn) prayer at Al-Hudaybiyah aft er a rainy night . On complet ion of t he prayer, he faced t he congregat ion and said,

»

∨∇ユ⊥ムぁよ∠ケ ∠メゅ∠ホ や∠クゅ∠ョ ∠ラヱ⊥ケ∇ギ∠ゎ ∇モ∠ワ

«

(Do you know what your Lord has said (revealed)) Those present replied, ` Allah and His Messenger know best .' He said,

»

∠メゅ∠ホ

:

ゅzョ∠ほ∠プ ∩∀ゲ͡プゅ∠ミ∠ヱ ヶ͡よ ∀リ͡ョ∇ぽ⊥ョ ヵ͡キゅ∠ら͡ハ ∇リ͡ョ ∠ウ∠ら∇タ∠ぺ

∠メゅ∠ホ ∇リ∠ョ

:

や ͡モ∇ツ∠ヘ͡よ ゅ∠ル∇ゲ͡ト⊥ョ

∠マ͡ャグ∠プ ∩͡ヮ͡わ∠ヨ∇ェ∠ケ∠ヱ ͡ぶ

∠メゅ∠ホ ∇リ∠ョ ゅzョ∠ぺ∠ヱ ∩͡ょ∠ミ∇ヲ∠ム∇ャゅ͡よ ∀ゲ͡プゅ∠ミ ∩ヶ͡よ ∀リ͡ョ∇ぽ⊥ョ

:

∀リ͡ョ∇ぽ⊥ョ∠ヱ ヶ͡よ ∀ゲ͡プゅ∠ミ ∠マ͡ャグ∠プ ∩や∠グ∠ミ∠ヱ や∠グ∠ミ ͡¬∇ヲ∠レ͡よ ゅ∠ル∇ゲ͡ト⊥ョ

ょ∠ミ∇ヲ∠ム∇ャゅ͡よ

«

(Allah has said, "During t his morning some of my servant s remained as t rue believers in Me and some became disbelievers. Whoever said t hat t he rain was due t o t he blessings and t he mercy of Allah, had belief in Me, and he disbelieves in t he st ars; and whoever said t hat it rained because of a part icular st ar, had no belief in Me, but believes in t hat st ar.'')'' This Hadit h is recorded in t he Two Sahihs, Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i, all using a chain of narrat ion in which Imam Malik was included. Qat adah said, "Al-Hasan used t o say, ` How evil is t hat all t hat some people have earned for t hemselves from t he Book of Allah, is denying it !''' Al-Hasan's st at ement

(10)

means t hat such people gained no benefit from t he Book of Allah because t hey denied it , as Allah said:

∠ラヲ⊥レ͡ワ∇ギぁョ ∇ユ⊥わル∠ぺ ͡ゑΑ͡ギ∠エ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ヰ͡ら∠プ∠ぺぴ

-∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠バ∇イ∠ゎ∠ヱ

ヲ⊥よあグ∠ム⊥ゎ ∇ユ⊥ムzル∠ぺ ∇ユ⊥ム∠ホ∇コ͡ケ

び ∠ラ

(Is it such a t alk t hat you Mudhinun And you make your provision t hat you deny!)

∠ュヲ⊥ボ∇ヤ⊥エ∇ャや ͡ろ∠ピ∠ヤ∠よ や∠ク͡ま ∠Ι∇ヲ∠ヤ∠プぴ

-∠ラヱ⊥ゲ⊥ヌレ∠ゎ ∃グ͡ゃ∠レΒ͡ェ ∇ユ⊥わル∠ぺ∠ヱ

-∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡ダ∇ら⊥ゎ zΙ リ͡ム⇒∠ャ∠ヱ ∇ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ ͡ヮ∇Β∠ャ͡ま ⊥ゆ∠ゲ∇ホ∠ぺ ⊥リ∇エ∠ル∠ヱ

-∠ョ ∠ゲ∇Β∠ビ ∇ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∠Ι∇ヲ∠ヤ∠プ

∠リΒ͡レΑ͡ギ

-∇ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ラ͡ま べ∠ヰ∠ルヲ⊥バ͡ィ∇ゲ∠ゎ

び ∠リΒ͡ホ͡ギ⇒∠タ

(83. Then why do you not (int ervene) when it reaches Al-Hulqum) (84. And you at t he moment are looking,) (85. But We are nearer t o him t han you, but you see not ,) (86. Then why do you not -- if you are not Madinin) (87. Ret urn t he soul, if you are t rut hful)

When the Soul reaches the Throat at the Time of Death, it cannot

be brought back; this proves Reckoning shall occur

Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び͡ろ∠ピ∠ヤ∠よ や∠ク͡ま ∠Ι∇ヲ∠ヤ∠プぴ

(Then why do you not (int ervene) when it reaches), in reference t o t he soul,

び∠ュヲ⊥ボ∇ヤ⊥エ∇ャやぴ

(Al-Hulqum), i.e., t he t hroat , at t he t ime of deat h. Allah t he Exalt ed said in ot her Ayat ,

∠ヴ͡ホや∠ゲzわャや ͡ろ∠ピ∠ヤ∠よ や∠ク͡ま zΚ∠ミぴ

-∃ベや∠ケ ∇リ∠ョ ∠モΒ͡ホ∠ヱ

-zリ∠ニ∠ヱ

⊥ベや∠ゲ͡ヘ∇ャや ⊥ヮzル∠ぺ

-͡ろzヘ∠わ∇ャや∠ヱ

͡ベゅzジャゅ͡よ ⊥ベゅzジャや

-∠マあよ∠ケ ヴ∠ャ͡ま

び ⊥ベゅ∠ジ∠ヨ∇ャや ∃グ͡ゃ∠ョ∇ヲ∠Α

(11)

(Nay, when (t he soul) reaches t o t he collar bone, and it will be said: "Who can cure him (and save him from deat h)'' And he will conclude t hat it was (t he t ime) of part ing (deat h); And one leg will be j oined wit h anot her leg (shrouded). The drive will be on t hat Day t o your Lord (Allah).)(75:26-30) Allah said here,

び ∠ラヱ⊥ゲ⊥ヌレ∠ゎ ∃グ͡ゃ∠レΒ͡ェ ∇ユ⊥わル∠ぺ∠ヱぴ

(And you at t he moment are looking,) at t he dying person and wit nessing t he st upor of deat h t hat he is experiencing,

び∇ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ ͡ヮ∇Β∠ャ͡ま ⊥ゆ∠ゲ∇ホ∠ぺ ⊥リ∇エ∠ル∠ヱぴ

(But We are nearer t o him t han you, ) wit h Our angels,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡ダ∇ら⊥ゎ zΙ リ͡ム⇒∠ャ∠ヱぴ

(but you see not .) you cannot see t he angels. Allah t he Exalt ed said in anot her Ayah,

∠ベ∇ヲ∠プ ⊥ゲ͡ワゅ∠ボ∇ャや ∠ヲ⊥ワ∠ヱぴ

⇔る∠ヌ∠ヘ∠ェ ユ⊥ム∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ ⊥モ͡シ∇ゲ⊥Α∠ヱ ͡ロ͡キゅ∠ら͡ハ

∠Ι ∇ユ⊥ワ∠ヱ ゅ∠レ⊥ヤ⊥シ⊥ケ ⊥ヮ∇わzプ∠ヲ∠ゎ ⊥れ∇ヲ∠ヨ∇ャや ⊥ユ⊥ミ∠ギ∠ェ∠ぺ ∠¬べ∠ィ や∠ク͡ま ヴzわ∠ェ

∠ラヲ⊥デあゲ∠ヘ⊥Α

-⊥ヮ∠ャ ∠Ι∠ぺ あペ∠エ∇ャや ⊥ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠ャ∇ヲ∠ョ ͡ヮzヤャや ヴ∠ャ͡ま ∇やヱぁキ⊥ケ zユ⊥を

び ∠リΒ͡ら͡ジ⇒∠エ∇ャや ⊥ネ∠ゲ∇シ∠ぺ ∠ヲ⊥ワ∠ヱ ⊥ユ∇ム⊥エ∇ャや

(He is t he Irresist ible over His servant s, and He sends guardians (angels) over you, unt il when deat h approaches one of you, Our messengers (angel of deat h and his assist ant s) t ake his soul, and t hey never neglect t heir dut y. Then t hey are ret urned t o Allah, t heir t rue Prot ect or. Surely, for Him is t he j udgement and He is t he swift est in t aking account .)(6:61-62) Allah's st at ement ,

びべ∠ヰ∠ルヲ⊥バ͡ィ∇ゲ∠ゎ ∠リΒ͡レΑ͡ギ∠ョ ∠ゲ∇Β∠ビ ∇ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∠Ι∇ヲ∠ヤ∠プぴ

(Then why do you not -- if you are not Madinin -- ret urn t he soul,) means, ` Will you not ret urn t his soul, t hat has reached t he t hroat , t o it s body as it used t o be, if you are exempt from t he reckoning and recompense' Sa` id bin Jubayr and Al-Hasan Al-Basri said:

(12)

(Then why do you not -- if you are not Madinin. ..), "If you do not believe t hat you will be reckoned, recompensed, resurrect ed and punished, t hen why do you not ret urn t his soul t o it s body'' Muj ahid said t hat ,

び∠リΒ͡レΑ͡ギ∠ョ ∠ゲ∇Β∠ビぴ

(...if you are not Madinin), means, "if you are not cert ain.''

∠リΒ͡よzゲ∠ボ⊥ヨ∇ャや ∠リ͡ョ ∠ラゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま べzョ∠ほ∠プぴ

-∀ラゅ∠エ∇Α∠ケ∠ヱ ∀ゥ∇ヱ∠ゲ∠プ

∃ユΒ͡バ∠ル ⊥ろ⇒zレ∠ィ∠ヱ

-͡リΒ͡ヨ∠Β∇ャや ͡ょ⇒∠エ∇タ∠ぺ ∇リ͡ョ ∠ラゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま べzョ∠ぺ∠ヱ

-͡リΒ͡ヨ∠Β∇ャや ͡ょ⇒∠エ∇タ∠ぺ ∇リ͡ョ ∠マzャ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤ∠ジ∠プ

-∠ラゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま べzョ∠ぺ∠ヱ

∠リΒあャべzツャや ∠リΒ͡よあグ∠ム⊥ヨ∇ャや ∠リ͡ョ

-∃ユΒ͡ヨ∠ェ ∇リあョ ∀メ⊥ゴ⊥レ∠プ

-∃ユΒ͡エ∠ィ ⊥る∠Β͡ヤ∇ダ∠ゎ∠ヱ

-∇ウあら∠ジ∠プ ͡リΒ͡ボ∠Β∇ャや ぁペ∠ェ ∠ヲ⊥ヰ∠ャ や∠グ⇒∠ワ zラ͡ま

び ͡ユΒ͡ヌ∠バ∇ャや ∠マあよ∠ケ ͡ユ∇シゅ͡よ

(88. Then, if he be of t he Muqarrabin,) (89. Then Rawh, Rayhan and a Garden of Delight s.) (90. And if he be of t hose on t he right ,) (91. Then Salam (peace) t o you from t hose on t he right .) (92. But if he be of t he denying, t he erring,) (93. Then for him is an ent ert ainment wit h Hamim.) (94. And ent ry in Hellfire.) (95. Verily, t his! This is an absolut e t rut h wit h cert aint y.) (96. So, glorify wit h praises t he Name of your Lord, t he Most Great .)

The Condition of People at the Time of Their Death

These are t he t hree t ypes of condit ions t hat people face upon t heir deat h. Eit her t hey are among t he near believers or t hose below t heir rank on t he right , or t hose who denied t he t rut h, were led ast ray from t he guidance and were ignorant about Allah. Allah said,

び∠ラゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま べzョ∠ほ∠プぴ

(Then if he), in reference t o t he dying person,

び∠リΒ͡よzゲ∠ボ⊥ヨ∇ャや ∠リ͡ョぴ

(be of t he Muqarrabun) who fulfilled t he obligat ions and t he recommended act s of worship and avoided t he forbidden and disliked mat t ers and even some of t he allowed,

(13)

び ∃ユΒ͡バ∠ル ⊥ろ⇒zレ∠ィ∠ヱ ∀ラゅ∠エ∇Α∠ケ∠ヱ ∀ゥ∇ヱ∠ゲ∠プぴ

(t hen for him Rawh, Rayhan and a Garden of Delight s.) Theirs will be Rawh and Rayhan; and t he glad t idings of t hese t rait s will be conveyed t o t hem by t he angels at t he t ime of deat h. We ment ioned before t he Prophet 's Hadit h narrat ed from Al-Bara' in which t he angels of mercy say (t o a dying, believing person),

»

͡ギ∠ジ∠イ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ⊥る∠らあΒzトャや ⊥ゥヱぁゲャや ゅ∠ヰ⊥わzΑ∠ぺ

͡ろ∇レ⊥ミ ͡ょあΒzトャや

͡ゲ∇Β∠ビ ∠ゆ∠ケ∠ヱ ∃ラゅ∠エ∇Α∠ケ∠ヱ ∃ゥ∇ヱ∠ケ ヴ∠ャ͡ま ヶ͡ィ⊥ゲ∇カや ∩ヮ∠レΑ͡ゲ⊥ヨ∇バ∠ゎ

ラゅ∠ら∇ツ∠ビ

«

(O good soul in t he good body t hat you inhabit ed, come t o Rawh, Rayhan and a Lord Who is not angry.) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, "Rawh means rest , and Rayhan means place of rest .'' Muj ahid said similarly t hat Rawh means rest . Abu Hazrah said t hat Rawh means: "Rest from t he world.'' Sa` id bin Jubayr and As-Suddi said t hat it means t o rej oice. And from Muj ahid:

び∀ラゅ∠エ∇Α∠ケ∠ヱ ∀ゥ∇ヱ∠ゲ∠プぴ

(Rawh and Rayhan) means: "Paradise and delight s.'' Qat adah said t hat Rawh means mercy. Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and Sa` id bin Jubayr said t hat Rayhan means provisions. All of t hese explanat ions are correct and similar in meaning. The near believers who die will earn all of t hese; mercy, rest , provision, j oy, happiness and good delight s,

び∃ユΒ͡バ∠ル ⊥ろ⇒zレ∠ィ∠ヱぴ

(and a Garden of Delight s.) Abu Al-` Aliyah said, "None of t he near believers will depart (t his life) unt il aft er he is brought a branch of t he Rayhan of Paradise and his soul is capt ured in it .'' Muhammad bin Ka` b said, "Every person who dies will know upon his deat h if he is among t he people of Paradise or t he people of t he Fire.'' In t he Sahih, it is recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

»

や∠ギ∠ヰぁゼャや ∠ゥや∠ヱ∇ケ∠ぺ zラ͡ま

∩∃ゲ∇ツ⊥カ ∃ケヲ⊥Β⊥デ ͡モ͡タや∠ヲ∠ェ ヶ͡プ ͡¬

ヵ͡ヱ∇ほ∠ゎ zユ⊥を ∩∇れ∠¬ゅ∠セ ⊥ゑ∇Β∠ェ ͡るzレ∠イ∇ャや ͡チゅ∠Α͡ケ ヶ͡プ ⊥ゥ∠ゲ∇ジ∠ゎ

ス∇ゲ∠バ∇ャゅ͡よ ∃る∠ボzヤ∠バ⊥ョ ∠モΑ͡キゅ∠レ∠ホ ヴ∠ャ͡ま

«

(The souls of t he mart yrs live in t he bodies of green birds flying wherever t hey wish in t he Gardens of Paradise, and t hen rest t o t heir nest s in chandeliers hung from t he Throne of t he Almight y....) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` At a' bin As-Sa'ib said, "The first day I saw `

(14)

Abdur-Rahman bin Abi Layla, I saw an old man whose hair had become whit e on his head and beard. He was riding his donkey and following a funeral. I heard him say, ` So-and-so narrat ed t o me t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah say,

»

∠ロ͡ゲ∠ミ ∇リ∠ョ∠ヱ ∩⊥ロ∠¬ゅ∠ボ͡ャ ⊥ぶや zょ∠ェ∠ぺ ͡ぶや ∠¬ゅ∠ボ͡ャ zょ∠ェ∠ぺ ∇リ∠ョ

ロ∠¬ゅ∠ボ͡ャ ⊥ぶや ∠ロ͡ゲ∠ミ ͡ぶや ∠¬ゅ∠ボ͡ャ

«

(He who likes t o meet Allah, Allah likes t o meet him, and he who hat es t o meet Allah, Allah hat es t o meet him.) The people around him st art ed weeping, and he asked t hem why t hey wept . They said, ` All of us hat e deat h.' He said,

»

∠ゲ͡ツ⊥わ∇ェや や∠ク͡ま ⊥ヮzレ͡ムャ∠ヱ ∩∠ポや∠ク ∠ザ∇Β∠ャ

zョ∠ほ∠プぴ

∠リΒ͡よzゲ∠ボ⊥ヨ∇ャや ∠リ͡ョ ∠ラゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま べ

-∀ラゅ∠エ∇Α∠ケ∠ヱ ∀ゥ∇ヱ∠ゲ∠プ

び ∃ユΒ͡バ∠ル ⊥ろ⇒zレ∠ィ∠ヱ

や∠ク͡み∠プ ∠ゲあゼ⊥よ ∠マ͡ャグ͡よ zょ∠ェ∠ぺ ∠¬ゅ∠ボ͡ャ ͡ぶや zゴ∠ハ ∩zモ∠ィ∠ヱ ⊥ぶや∠ヱ zゴ∠ハ zモ∠ィ∠ヱ ͡ヮ͡もゅ∠ボ͡ヤ͡ャ ぁょ∠ェ∠ぺ

∠リΒあャべzツャや ∠リΒ͡よあグ∠ム⊥ヨ∇ャや ∠リ͡ョ ∠ラゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま べzョ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ

-∇リあョ ∀メ⊥ゴ⊥レ∠プ

∠ェ

∃ユΒ͡ヨ

-び ∃ユΒ͡エ∠ィ ⊥る∠Β͡ヤ∇ダ∠ゎ∠ヱ

͡ヮ͡もゅ∠ボ͡ヤ͡ャ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バ∠ゎ ⊥ぶや∠ヱ∩͡ぶや ∠¬ゅ∠ボ͡ャ ∠ロ͡ゲ∠ミ ∠マ͡ャグ͡よ ∠ゲあゼ⊥よ や∠クみ∠プ

ロ∠ゲ∇ミ∠ぺ

«

(It does not mean t hat . When one dies: (Then, if he be of t he near believers, t hen for him are Rawh, Rayhan, and a Garden of Delight s.)( and when t his good news is conveyed t o him, he likes t o meet Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored and Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored likes, even more, t o meet him, (But if he be of t he denying, t he erring, t hen for him is an ent ert ainment wit h Hamim. And ent ry in Hellfire.)( and when t his news is conveyed t o him, he hat es t o meet Allah and Allah hat es, even more, t o meet him.)'' This is t he narrat ion t hat Imam Ahmad collect ed; and in t he Sahih, t here is a Hadit h wit h t his meaning collect ed from ` A'ishah. Allah's st at ement ,

び ͡リΒ͡ヨ∠Β∇ャや ͡ょ⇒∠エ∇タ∠ぺ ∇リ͡ョ ∠ラゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま べzョ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ

(And if he be of t hose on t he right ,) means, if he, t he dying person, is among t hose on t he right ,

(15)

び ͡リΒ͡ヨ∠Β∇ャや ͡ょ⇒∠エ∇タ∠ぺ ∇リ͡ョ ∠マzャ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤ∠ジ∠プぴ

(Then Salam (peace) t o you from t hose on t he right ) meaning, t he angels will deliver t he good news t o t hem by saying, "Peace be upon you,'' i.e., be calm, you will be led t o safet y, you are among t hose on t he right , as ` Ikrimah said, "The angels will greet him wit h t he Salam and convey t o him t he news t hat he is among t hose on t he right . '' This is a good explanat ion, and it conforms wit h Allah's st at ement ,

⊥メzゴ∠レ∠わ∠ゎ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ⇒∠ボ∠わ∇シや zユ⊥を ⊥ヮzヤャや ゅ∠レぁよ∠ケ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∠リΑ͡グzャや zラ͡まぴ

͡ゼ∇よ∠ぺ∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ル∠ゴ∇エ∠ゎ ∠Ι∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥プゅ∠ガ∠ゎ zΙ∠ぺ ⊥る∠ム͡ゃ⇒∠ヤ∠ヨ∇ャや ⊥ユ͡ヰ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ

∇やヱ⊥ゲ

∠ラヱ⊥ギ∠ハヲ⊥ゎ ∇ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ヴ͡わzャや ͡るzレ∠イ∇ャゅ͡よ

-ヴ͡プ ∇ユ⊥ミ⊥ぼべ∠Β͡ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ ⊥リ∇エ∠ル

ヴ͡ヰ∠わ∇ゼ∠ゎ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユ⊥ム∠ャ∠ヱ ͡り∠ゲ͡カxΙや ヴ͡プ∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルぁギャや ͡りヲ∠Β∠エ∇ャや

∠ラヲ⊥ハzギ∠ゎ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユ⊥ム∠ャ∠ヱ ∇ユ⊥ム⊥ジ⊥ヘル∠ぺ

-∃ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ∇リあョ ⇔Ι⊥ゴ⊥ル

び ∃ユΒ͡ェzケ

(Verily, t hose who say: "Our Lord is Allah.'' and t hen t hey st and firm, on t hem t he angles will descend (at t he t ime of t heir deat h) (saying): "Fear not , nor grieve! But receive t he glad t idings of Paradise which you have been promised! We have been your friends in t he life of t his world and are (so) in t he Hereaft er. Therein you shall have (all) t hat your souls desire, and t herein you shall have (all) for which you ask. An ent ert ainment from t he Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.'') (41:30-32). Allah's st at ement ,

∇ャや ∠リ͡ョ ∠ラゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま べzョ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ

∠リΒあャべzツャや ∠リΒ͡よあグ∠ム⊥ヨ

-∇リあョ ∀メ⊥ゴ⊥レ∠プ

∃ユΒ͡ヨ∠ェ

-び ∃ユΒ͡エ∠ィ ⊥る∠Β͡ヤ∇ダ∠ゎ∠ヱ

(But if he be of t he denying, t he erring, t hen for him is an ent ert ainment wit h Hamim (boiling wat er) and ent ry in Hellfire.) meaning, if t he dying person is one of t hose who denied t he t rut h, who were led ast ray from guidance,

び∀メ⊥ゴ⊥レ∠プぴ

(t hen for him is an ent ert ainment ,) meaning, as a guest

(16)

(wit h Hamim) t hat dissolves his int est ines and skin,

び ∃ユΒ͡エ∠ィ ⊥る∠Β͡ヤ∇ダ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ

(And ent ry in Hellfire.) he will reside in Hellf ire, which will engulf him from every direct ion. Allah t he Exalt ed said, next ,

び ͡リΒ͡ボ∠Β∇ャや ぁペ∠ェ ∠ヲ⊥ヰ∠ャ や∠グ⇒∠ワ zラ͡まぴ

(Verily, t his! This is an absolut e t rut h wit h cert aint y.) meaning, t his news is t he t rut h; t here is no doubt about it , nor escape from it for anyone,

び ͡ユΒ͡ヌ∠バ∇ャや ∠マあよ∠ケ ͡ユ∇シゅ͡よ ∇ウあら∠ジ∠プぴ

(So, glorify wit h praises t he Name of your Lord, t he Most Great .) Jabir narrat ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

»

∠メゅ∠ホ ∇リ∠ョ

:

∇ろ∠シ͡ゲ⊥ビ ∩͡ロ͡ギ∇ヨ∠エ͡よ∠ヱ ͡ユΒ͡ヌ∠バ∇ャや ͡ぶや ∠ラゅ∠エ∇ら⊥シ

∀る∠ヤ∇ガ∠ル ⊥ヮ∠ャ

るzレ∠イ∇ャや ヶ͡プ

«

(He who says, "Glory be t o Allah t he Magnificent and wit h His praise!'' t hen a dat e t ree will be plant ed for him in Paradise.) This Hadit h was collect ed by At Tirmidhi and AnNasa'i; At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Gharib.'' Al-Bukhari recorded in his book (Sahih) t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

»

ヶ͡プ ͡ラゅ∠わ∠ヤΒ͡ボ∠を ∩͡ラゅ∠ジあヤャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ ͡ラゅ∠わ∠ヘΒ͡ヘ∠カ ͡ラゅ∠わ∠ヨ͡ヤ∠ミ

͡リヨ∇ェzゲャや ヴ∠ャ͡ま ͡ラゅ∠わ∠らΒ͡ら∠ェ ∩͡ラや∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∇ャや

:

͡ぶや ∠ラゅ∠エ∇ら⊥シ

ユΒ͡ヌ∠バ∇ャや ͡ぶや ∠ラゅ∠エ∇ら⊥シ ∩͡ロ͡ギ∇ヨ∠エ͡よ∠ヱ

«

((There are) t wo st at ement s t hat are light on t he t ongue, but heavy on t he Balance, and most beloved t o Ar-Rahman: "Glory be t o Allah and wit h His praise, glory be t o Allah t he Magnificent .'') The Group, wit h t he except ion of Abu Dawud, collect ed t his. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Waqi` ah, all praise and t hanks are due t o Allah and all t he favors come from Him.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Hadid

(Chapter - 57)

(17)

The Virtues of Surat Al-Hadid

Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Irbad bin Sariyah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah used t o recit e Al-Musabbihat before he went t o sleep, saying,

»

る∠Αへ ͡ブ∇ャ∠ぺ ∇リ͡ョ ⊥モ∠ツ∇プ∠ぺ ⇔る∠Αへ zリ͡ヰΒ͡プ zラ͡ま

«

(In t hem t here is an Ayah t hat is bet t er t han a t housand Ayat .) Abu Dawud, At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i collect ed t his Hadit h; At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Gharib.'' The Ayah referred t o in t his Hadit h is -- and Allah knows best --

あモ⊥ム͡よ ∠ヲ⊥ワ∠ヱ ⊥リ͡ト⇒∠ら∇ャや∠ヱ ⊥ゲ͡ヰ⇒zヌャや∠ヱ ⊥ゲ͡カxΙや∠ヱ ⊥メzヱxΙや ∠ヲ⊥ワぴ

び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∃¬∇ヴ∠セ

(He is Al-Awwal and Al-Akhir, Az-Zahir and Al-Bat in. And He is t he All-Knower of everyt hing.)(57:3) Allah willing, we will again ment ion t his subj ect . Upon Allah we t rust and our t ot al reliance and dependence are on Him, and sufficient He is t o us as Support er and Helper.

zゲャや ͡リ⇒∠ヨ∇ェzゲャや ͡ヮzヤャや ͡ユ∇ジ͡よぴ

び͡ユΒ͡ェ

In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

∠ヲ⊥ワ∠ヱ ͡チ∇ケ∇Ιや∠ヱ ͡れヲ⇒∠ヨzジャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ͡ヮzヤャ ∠ウzら∠シぴ

⊥ユΒ͡ム∠エ∇ャや ⊥ゴΑ͡ゴ∠バ∇ャや

-͡ヴ∇エ⊥Α ͡チ∇ケ∇Ιや∠ヱ ͡れヲ⇒∠ヨzジャや ⊥マ∇ヤ⊥ョ ⊥ヮ∠ャ

∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ¬∇ヴ∠セ ∂モ⊥ミ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ ∠ヲ⊥ワ∠ヱ ⊥ろΒ͡ヨ⊥Α∠ヱ

-⊥メzヱ∇Ιや ∠ヲ⊥ワ

⊥ゲ͡カ∇Ιや∠ヱ

∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ¬∇ヴ∠セ ∂モ⊥ム͡よ ∠ヲ⊥ワ∠ヱ ⊥リ͡ト⇒∠ら∇ャや∠ヱ ⊥ゲ͡ヰ⇒zヌャや∠ヱ

-び

(1. What ever is in t he heavens and t he eart h glorifies Allah -- and He is t he Almight y, All-Wise.) (2. His is t he kingdom of t he heavens and t he eart h. It is He Who gives life and causes deat h; and He is Able t o do all t hings.) (3. He is Al-Awwal and Al-Akhir, Az-Zahir and Al-Bat in. And He is t he All-Knower of everyt hing.)

Everything that exists glorifies Allah and mentioning some of His

Attributes

(18)

In t his Ayah, Allah st at es t hat everyt hing t hat exist s in t he heavens and eart h praises and glorifies Him, including creat ures and plant s. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

zリ͡ヰΒ͡プ リ∠ョ∠ヱ ⊥チ∇ケxΙや∠ヱ ⊥ノ∇らzジャや ⊥れ∠ヲ⇒∠ヨzジャや ⊥ヮ∠ャ ⊥ウあら∠ジ⊥ゎぴ

∠ラヲ⊥ヰ∠ボ∇ヘ∠ゎ zΙ リ͡ム⇒∠ャ∠ヱ ͡ロ∠ギ∇ヨ∠エ͡よ ⊥ウあら∠ジ⊥Α zΙ͡ま ∃¬∇ヴ∠セ リあョ ラ͡ま∠ヱ

び や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤ∠ェ ∠ラゅ∠ミ ⊥ヮzル͡ま ∇ユ⊥ヰ∠エΒ͡ら∇ジ∠ゎ

(The seven heavens and t he eart h and all t hat is t herein, glorify Him and t here is not a t hing but glorifies His praise. But you underst and not t heir glorificat ion. Truly, He is Ever Forbearing, Oft -Forgiving.)(17:44) And His saying:

び⊥ゴΑ͡ゴ∠バ∇ャや ∠ヲ⊥ワ∠ヱぴ

(and He is t he Almight y,) meaning t he One t o Whom all t hings submit humilit y,

び⊥ユΒ͡ム∠エ∇ャやぴ

(All-Wise.) in His creat ing, commanding and legislat ing,

び⊥ろΒ͡ヨ⊥Α∠ヱ ͡ヴ∇エ⊥Α ͡チ∇ケxΙや∠ヱ ͡れ∠ヲ⇒∠ヨzジャや ⊥マ∇ヤ⊥ョ ⊥ヮ∠ャぴ

(His is t he kingdom of t he heavens and t he eart h. It is He Who gives life and causes deat h;) He is t he absolut e Owner of His creat ion, bringing life and deat h and grant ing what He wills t o whom He wills,

び∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ∃¬∇ヴ∠セ あモ⊥ミ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ ∠ヲ⊥ワ∠ヱぴ

(and He is Able t o do all t hings.) what ever He wills, is, and what ever He does not will, will never be. He said,

び⊥リ͡ト⇒∠ら∇ャや∠ヱ ⊥ゲ͡ヰ⇒zヌャや∠ヱ ⊥ゲ͡カxΙや∠ヱ ⊥メzヱxΙや ∠ヲ⊥ワぴ

(He is Al-Awwal and Al-Akhir, Az-Zahir and Al-Bat in.) This is t he Ayah indicat ed in t he Hadit h of ` Irbad bin Sariyah t hat is bet t er t han a t housand Ayat . Abu Dawud recorded t hat Abu Zamil said, "I ment ioned t o Ibn ` Abbas t hat I felt somet hing in my heart . He said, ` Doubt s' and t hen laughed. Next , he said, ` No one can escape t his. Allah t he Exalt ed st at ed,

(19)

∠リΑ͡グzャや ͡メ∠ほ∇シゅ∠プ ∠マ∇Β∠ャ͡ま べ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ べzヨあョ yマ∠セ ヶ͡プ ∠ろレ⊥ミ ラ͡み∠プぴ

リ͡ョ ぁペ∠エ∇ャや ∠ポ∠¬べ∠ィ ∇ギ∠ボ∠ャ ∠マ͡ヤ∇ら∠ホ リ͡ョ ∠ょ⇒∠わ͡ム∇ャや ∠ラヱ⊥¬∠ゲ∇ボ∠Α

び∠マあよzケ

(So if you are in doubt concerning t hat which We have revealed t o you, t hen ask t hose who are reading t he Book before you. Verily, t he t rut h has come t o you from your Lord.)(10:94)' He t hen said t o me, ` When you feel any of t his in your heart , recit e,

あモ⊥ム͡よ ∠ヲ⊥ワ∠ヱ ⊥リ͡ト⇒∠ら∇ャや∠ヱ ⊥ゲ͡ヰ⇒zヌャや∠ヱ ⊥ゲ͡カxΙや∠ヱ ⊥メzヱxΙや ∠ヲ⊥ワぴ

び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∃¬∇ヴ∠セ

(He is Al-Awwal and Al-Akhir, Az-Zahir and Al-Bat in. And He is t he All-Knower of everyt hing.)''' There are about t en and some odd number of different sayings collect ed from t he scholars of Tafsir regarding t he explanat ion of t his Ayah. Al-Bukhari said, "Yahya said, ` Az-Zahir: knowing all t hings, Al-Bat in: knowing all t hings.''' Our Shaykh Al-Hafiz Al-Mizzi said, "Yahya is Ibn Ziyad Al-Farra', who aut hored a book ent it led Ma` ani Al-Qur'an.'' There are Hadit hs ment ioned about t his. Among t hem, Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah would recit e t his supplicat ion while going t o bed,

»

͡ス∇ゲ∠バ∇ャや zゆ∠ケ∠ヱ ∩͡ノ∇らzジャや ͡れや∠ヲヨzジャや zゆ∠ケ zユ⊥ヰ∇ヤャや

͡りや∠ケ∇ヲzわャや ∠メ͡ゴ∇レ⊥ョ ∩∃¬∇ヶ∠セ あモ⊥ミ zゆ∠ケ∠ヱ ゅ∠レzよ∠ケ ∩͡ユΒ͡ヌ∠バ∇ャや

あょ∠エ∇ャや ∠ペ͡ャゅ∠プ ∩͡ラゅ∠ホ∇ゲ⊥ヘ∇ャや∠ヱ ͡モΒ͡イ∇ル͡み∇ャや∠ヱ

∠ヮャ͡ま ゅ∠ャ ∩ン∠ヲzレャや∠ヱ

∀グ͡カへ ∠ろ∇ル∠ぺ ∃¬∇ヶ∠セ あモ⊥ミ あゲ∠セ ∇リ͡ョ ∠マ͡よ ⊥クヲ⊥ハ∠ぺ ∩∠ろ∇ル∠ぺ ゅzャ͡ま

∠ろ∇ル∠ぺ∠ヱ ∩∀¬∇ヶ∠セ ∠マ∠ヤ∇ら∠ホ ∠ザ∇Β∠ャ ⊥メzヱ∠ほ∇ャや ∠ろ∇ル∠ぺ ∩͡ヮ͡わ∠Β͡タゅ∠レ͡よ

∠ザ∇Β∠ャ ⊥ゲ͡ワゅzヌャや ∠ろ∇ル∠ぺ∠ヱ ∩∀¬∇ヶ∠セ ∠ポ∠ギ∇バ∠よ ∠ザ∇Β∠ャ ⊥ゲ͡カゅ∇ャや

∇Β∠ャ ⊥リ͡デゅ∠ら∇ャや ∠ろ∇ル∠ぺ∠ヱ ∩∀¬∇ヶ∠セ ∠マ∠ホ∇ヲ∠プ

∀¬∇ヶ∠セ ∠マ∠ルヱ⊥キ ∠ザ

.

ゲ∇ボ∠ヘ∇ャや ∠リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ͡レ∇ビ∠ぺ∠ヱ ∩∠リ∇Αzギャや ゅzレ∠ハ ͡ヂ∇ホや

«

(O Allah, Lord of t he seven heavens and Lord of t he Magnificent Throne! Our Lord, and t he Lord of everyt hing, Revealer of t he Tawrah, t he Inj il and t he Furqan, t he Split t er of t he grain of

(20)

corn and t he dat e st one! I seek refuge wit h You from t he evil of everyt hing whose forhead You have cont rol over. O Allah! You are Al-Awwal, not hing is before You; Al-Akhir, not hing is aft er You; Az-Zahir, not hing is above You; and Al-Bat in, not hing is below You. Remove t he burden of debt from us and free us from povert y.) Muslim recorded t his Hadit h via Sahl, who said, "Abu Salih used t o order us t o lay on our right side when we were about t o sleep, and t hen say,

»

や zゆ∠ケ∠ヱ ͡れや∠ヲヨzジャや zゆ∠ケ zユ⊥ヰ∇ヤャや

zゆ∠ケ∠ヱ ͡チ∇ケ∠ほ∇ャ

∠ペ͡ャゅ∠プ ∩∃¬∇ヶ∠セ あモ⊥ミ zゆ∠ケ∠ヱ ゅ∠レzよ∠ケ ∩͡ユΒ͡ヌ∠バ∇ャや ͡ス∇ゲ∠バ∇ャや

͡モΒ͡イ∇ル͡み∇ャや∠ヱ ͡りや∠ケ∇ヲzわャや ∠メ͡ゴ∇レ⊥ョ∠ヱ ∩ン∠ヲzレャや∠ヱ あょ∠エ∇ャや

∠ろ∇ル∠ぺ ∠ゲ∠セ ヵ͡ク あモ⊥ミ あゲ∠セ ∇リ͡ョ ∠マ͡よ ⊥クヲ⊥ハ∠ぺ ∩͡ラゅ∠ホ∇ゲ⊥ヘ∇ャや∠ヱ

∠ザ∇Β∠ヤ∠プ ⊥メzヱ∠ほ∇ャや ∠ろ∇ル∠ぺ zユ⊥ヰ∇ヤャや ∩͡ヮ͡わ∠Β͡タゅ∠レ͡よ ∀グ͡カへ

∩∀¬∇ヶ∠セ ∠マ∠ヤ∇ら∠ホ

⊥ゲ͡ワゅzヌャや ∠ろ∇ル∠ぺ∠ヱ ∩∀¬∇ヶ∠セ ∠ポ∠ギ∇バ∠よ ∠ザ∇Β∠ヤ∠プ ⊥ゲ͡カゅ∇ャや ∠ろ∇ル∠ぺ∠ヱ

∠マ∠ルヱ⊥キ ∠ザ∇Β∠ヤ∠プ ⊥リ͡デゅ∠ら∇ャや ∠ろ∇ル∠ぺ∠ヱ ∩∀¬∇ヶ∠セ ∠マ∠ホ∇ヲ∠プ ∠ザ∇Β∠ヤ∠プ

ゲ∇ボ∠ヘ∇ャや ∠リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ͡レ∇ビ∠ぺ∠ヱ ∩∠リ∇Αzギャや ゅzレ∠ハ ͡ヂ∇ホや ∩∀¬∇ヶ∠セ

«

(O Allah, Lord of t he seven heavens and Lord of t he Magnificent Throne! Our Lord, and t he Lord of everyt hing, Revealer of t he Tawrah, t he Inj il and t he Furqan, t he Split t er of t he grain of corn and t he dat e st one! I seek refuge wit h You from t he evil of everyt hing whose forhead You have cont rol over. O Allah! You are Al-Awwal, not hing is before You; Al-Akhir, not hing is aft er You; Az-Zahir, not hing is above You; and Al-Bat in, not hing is below You. Remove t he burden of debt from us and free us from povert y.) And he used t o narrat e t hat from Abu Hurayrah from t he Prophet .''

∃ュゅzΑ∠ぺ ͡るzわ͡シ ヴ͡プ ∠チ∇ケxΙや∠ヱ ͡れ∠ヲ⇒∠ヨzジャや ∠ペ∠ヤ∠カ ン͡グzャや ∠ヲ⊥ワぴ

͡チ∇ケxΙや ヴ͡プ ⊥ア͡ヤ∠Α ゅ∠ョ ⊥ユ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ͡ス∇ゲ∠バ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ ン∠ヲ∠わ∇シや zユ⊥を

⊥ァ⊥ゲ∇バ∠Α ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ͡¬べ∠ヨzジャや ∠リ͡ョ ⊥メ͡ゴレ∠Α ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰ∇レ͡ョ ⊥ァ⊥ゲ∇ガ∠Α ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ

レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ ∠リ∇Α∠ぺ ∇ユ⊥ム∠バ∠ョ ∠ヲ⊥ワ∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ

∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ⊥ヮzヤャや∠ヱ ∇ユ⊥わ

∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ

-͡ヮzヤャや ヴ∠ャ͡ま∠ヱ ͡チ∇ケxΙや∠ヱ ͡れ∠ヲ⇒∠ヨzジャや ⊥マ∇ヤ⊥ョ ⊥ヮzャ

(21)

⊥ケヲ⊥ョyΙや ⊥ノ∠ィ∇ゲ⊥ゎ

-⊥ア͡ャヲ⊥Α∠ヱ ͡ケゅ∠ヰzレャや ヴ͡プ ∠モ∇Βzャや ⊥ア͡ャヲ⊥Α

び ͡ケヱ⊥ギぁダャや ͡れや∠グ͡よ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∠ヲ⊥ワ∠ヱ ͡モ∇Βzャや ヴ͡プ ∠ケゅ∠ヰzレャや

(4. He it is Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h in six Days and t hen rose (Ist awa) over t he Throne. He knows what goes int o t he eart h and what comes fort h from it , and what descends from t he heaven and what ascends t heret o. And He is wit h you wheresoever you may be. And Allah is t he All-Seer of what you do.) (5. His is t he kingdom of t he heavens and t he eart h. And t o Allah ret urn all t he mat t ers.) (6. He merges night int o day, and merges day int o night , and He has full knowledge of what soever is in t he breast s.)

Allah's Knowledge, Power and Kingdom are Limitless

Allah t he Exalt ed st at es t hat He creat ed t he heavens and eart h, and all t hat is bet ween t hem, in six Days and t hen rose over t he Throne aft er He creat ed t hem. We discussed t his before in t he explanat ion of Surat Al-A` raf, so it is not necessary t o repeat t he meaning here. Allah's st at ement ,

び͡チ∇ケxΙや ヴ͡プ ⊥ア∇ヤ∠Α ゅ∠ョ ⊥ユ∠ヤ∇バ∠Αぴ

(He knows what goes int o t he eart h), indicat es His knowledge in t he amount of seeds and drops of wat er t hat ent er inside t he eart h's surface,

∇ガ∠Α ゅ∠ョ∠ヱぴ

びゅ∠ヰ∇レ͡ョ ⊥ァ⊥ゲ

(and what comes fort h from it ) of plant s, veget at ion and fruit s. Allah t he Exalt ed said in anot her Ayah,

ゅ∠ョ ⊥ユ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α∠ヱ ∠ヲ⊥ワ zΙ͡ま べ∠ヰ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ∠Ι ͡ょ∇Β∠ピ∇ャや ⊥ウ͡ゎゅ∠ヘ∠ョ ⊥ロ∠ギレ͡ハ∠ヱぴ

∠Α zΙ͡ま ∃る∠ホ∠ケ∠ヱ リ͡ョ ⊥テ⊥ボ∇ジ∠ゎ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ͡ゲ∇エ∠ら∇ャや∠ヱ あゲ∠ら∇ャや ヴ͡プ

ゅ∠ヰ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ

∠Ι∠ヱ ∃ょ∇デ∠ケ ∠Ι∠ヱ ͡チ∇ケxΙや ͡ろ⇒∠ヨ⊥ヤ⊥ニ ヴ͡プ ∃るzら∠ェ ∠Ι∠ヱ

び ∃リΒ͡らぁョ ∃ょ⇒∠わ͡ミ ヴ͡プ zΙ͡ま ∃ザ͡よゅ∠Α

(And wit h Him are t he keys of all t hat is hidden, none knows t hem but He. And He knows what ever t here is in t he land and in t he sea; not a leaf falls, but He knows it . There is not a grain in t he darkness of t he eart h nor anyt hing fresh or dry, but is writ t en in a Clear Record.)(6:59) Allah's st at ement ,

(22)

び͡¬べ∠ヨzジャや ∠リ͡ョ ⊥メ͡ゴレ∠Α ゅ∠ョ∠ヱぴ

(and what descends from t he heaven), pert ains t o rain, snow, hail and what ever Allah decides descends from heaven of decisions and commandment s brought down by t he honorable angels. Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ⊥ァ⊥ゲ∇バ∠Α ゅ∠ョ∠ヱぴ

(and what ascends t heret o.), refers t o angels and deeds. In t he Sahih, t here is a Hadit h in which t he Prophet said,

»

͡ケゅ∠ヰzレャや ⊥モ∠ヨ∠ハ∠ヱ ∩͡ケゅ∠ヰzレャや ∠モ∇ら∠ホ ͡モ∇Βzヤャや ⊥モ∠ヨ∠ハ ͡ヮ∇Β∠ャ͡ま ⊥ノ∠プ∇ゲ⊥Α

モ∇Βzヤャや ∠モ∇ら∠ホ

«

(To Him ascend t he deeds of t he night before t he day falls and t he deeds of t he day before t he night falls.) Allah said,

∠ぺ ∇ユ⊥ム∠バ∠ョ ∠ヲ⊥ワ∠ヱぴ

∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ⊥ヮzヤャや∠ヱ ∇ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ ∠リ∇Α

び∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ

(And He is wit h you wheresoever you may be. And Allah is t he All-Seer of what you do.) meaning, He is wat ching over you and wit nessing your deeds wherever you may be, on land or at sea, during t he night or t he day, at home or in open areas or desert s. All of t hat is t he same before His knowledge and all of it is under His sight and hearing. He hears your speech and sees where you are. He knows your secret s and your public st at ement s,

∠Α ∇ユ⊥ヰzル͡ま Ι∠ぺぴ

∠リΒ͡ェ Ι∠ぺ ⊥ヮ∇レ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヘ∇ガ∠わ∇ジ∠Β͡ャ ∇ユ⊥ワ∠ケヱ⊥ギ⊥タ ∠ラヲ⊥レ∇ん

⊥ヮzル͡ま ∠ラヲ⊥レ͡ヤ∇バ⊥Α ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ∠ラヱぁゲ͡ジ⊥Α ゅ∠ョ ⊥ユ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ∇ユ⊥ヰ∠よゅ∠Β͡を ∠ラヲ⊥ゼ∇ピ∠わ∇ジ∠Α

び ͡ケヱ⊥ギぁダャや ͡れや∠グ͡よ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ

(No doubt ! They did fold up t heir breast s, t hat t hey may hide from Him. Surely, even when t hey cover t hemselves wit h t heir garment s, He knows what t hey conceal and what t hey reveal. Verily, He is t he All-Knower of t he (secret s) of t he breast s. )(11:5) Allah t he Exalt ed said,

(23)

∇リ∠ョ∠ヱ ͡ヮ͡よ ∠ゲ∠ヰ∠ィ ∇リ∠ョ∠ヱ ∠メ∇ヲ∠ボ∇ャや zゲ∠シ∠ぺ ∇リzョ ∇ユ⊥ム∇レあョ ∀¬へ∠ヲ∠シぴ

⊥ョ ∠ヲ⊥ワ

び ͡ケゅ∠ヰzレャゅ͡よ ∀ゆ͡ケゅ∠シ∠ヱ ͡モ∇Βzャゅ͡よ ∃ブ∇ガ∠わ∇ジ

(It is t he same (t o Him) whet her any of you conceals his speech or declares it openly, whet her he be hid by night or goes fort h freely by day.)(13:10) Surely, t here is no deit y wort hy of worship, except Allah. In t he Sahih, t here is a Hadit h in which t he Messenger of Allah answered Jibril, when he asked him about Ihsan:

»

⊥ヮzル͡み∠プ ⊥ロや∠ゲ∠ゎ ∇リ⊥ム∠ゎ ∇ユ∠ャ ∇ラ͡み∠プ ∩⊥ロや∠ゲ∠ゎ ∠マzル∠ほ∠ミ ∠ぶや ∠ギ⊥ら∇バ∠ゎ ∇ラ∠ぺ

ポや∠ゲ∠Α

«

(To worship Allah as if you see Him, and even t hough you cannot see Him, He surely sees you.) Allah's st at ement ,

⊥ノ∠ィ∇ゲ⊥ゎ ͡ヮzヤャや ヴ∠ャ͡ま∠ヱ ͡チ∇ケxΙや∠ヱ ͡れ∠ヲ⇒∠ヨzジャや ⊥マ∇ヤ⊥ョ ⊥ヮzャぴ

び ⊥ケヲ⊥ョyΙや

(His is t he kingdom of t he heavens and t he eart h. And t o Allh ret urn all t he mat t ers.) assert s t hat Allah is t he King and Owner of t his life and t he Hereaft er. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

び ヴ∠ャヱyΙや∠ヱ ∠り∠ゲ͡カxΚ∠ャ ゅ∠レ∠ャ zラ͡ま∠ヱぴ

(And t ruly, unt o Us (belong) t he last (Hereaft er) and t he first (t his world).)(92:13) Surely, Allah is praised for t his at t ribut e, j ust as He said in ot her Ayat ,

ヴ∠ャヱyΙや ヴ͡プ ⊥ギ∇ヨ∠エ∇ャや ⊥ヮ∠ャ ∠ヲ⊥ワ zΙ͡ま ∠ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま Ι ⊥ヮzヤャや ∠ヲ⊥ワ∠ヱぴ

び͡り∠ゲ͡カxΙや∠ヱ

(And He is Allah, La ilaha illa Huwa, all praise is His in t he first and in t he last .)(28:70), and,

͡れ∠ヲ⇒∠ヨzジャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ⊥ヮ∠ャ ン͡グzャや ͡ヮzヤャ ⊥ギ∇ヨ∠エ∇ャやぴ

ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ

⊥ユΒ͡ム∠エ∇ャや ∠ヲ⊥ワ∠ヱ ͡り∠ゲ͡カxΙや ヴ͡プ ⊥ギ∇ヨ∠エ∇ャや ⊥ヮ∠ャ∠ヱ ͡チ∇ケxΙや

び ⊥ゲΒ͡ら∠ガ∇ャや

(24)

(All t he praise is Allah's, t o Whom belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he eart h. His is all t he praise in t he Hereaft er, and He is t he All-Wise, t he All-Aware.)(34:1) Allah owns everyt hing t hat is in t he heavens and eart h, and all t heir inhabit ant s are servant s t o Him and humble before Him, j ust as He said,

ヴ͡ゎへ zΙ͡ま ͡チ∇ケxΙや∠ヱ ͡れ∠ヲ⇒∠ヨzジャや ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ぁモ⊥ミ ラ͡まぴ

⇔やギ∇ら∠ハ ͡リ⇒∠ヨ∇ェzゲャや

-∇ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠ダ∇ェ∠ぺ ∇ギ∠ボzャ

⇔や∂ギ∠ハ ∇ユ⊥ワzギ∠ハ∠ヱ

-び ⇔やキ∇ゲ∠プ ͡る∠ヨ⇒∠Β͡ボ∇ャや ∠ュ∇ヲ∠Α ͡ヮΒ͡ゎや∠¬ ∇ユ⊥ヰぁヤ⊥ミ∠ヱ

(There is none in t he heavens and t he eart h but comes unt o t he Most Gracious as a servant . Verily, He knows each one of t hem, and has count ed t hem a full count ing. And every one of t hem will come t o Him alone on t he Day of Resurrect ion.) (19:93-95) This is why Allah said here,

び⊥ケヲ⊥ョ⊥Εや ⊥ノ∠ィ∇ゲ⊥ゎ ͡ヮzヤャや ヴ∠ャ͡ま∠ヱぴ

(And t o Allah ret urn all t he mat t ers.) meaning t hat all mat t ers will be referred t o Him on t he Day of Resurrect ion and He will j udge His creat ion as He wills. Indeed, He is t he Most Just , Who never falls int o inj ust ice, not even t he weight of a speck of dust ; if one performs even one good deed, Allah will mult iply it up t o t en t imes,

⇔ゅヨΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ⇔やゲ∇ィ∠ぺ ⊥ヮ∇ル⊥ギzャ リ͡ョ ͡れ∇ぽ⊥Α∠ヱぴ

(and gives from Him a great reward. )(4:40),

⊥ユ∠ヤ∇ヌ⊥ゎ ∠Κ∠プ ͡る∠ヨ⇒∠Β͡ボ∇ャや ͡ュ∇ヲ∠Β͡ャ ∠テ∇ジ͡ボ∇ャや ∠リΑ͡コ∠ヲ∠ヨ∇ャや ⊥ノ∠ツ∠ル∠ヱぴ

ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎ∠ぺ ∃メ∠キ∇ゲ∠カ ∇リあョ ∃るzら∠ェ ∠メゅ∠ボ∇ん͡ョ ∠ラゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま∠ヱ ⇔ゅゃ∇Β∠セ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル

び ∠リΒ͡ら͡ジ⇒∠ェ ゅ∠レ͡よ ヴ∠ヘ∠ミ∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰ͡よ

(And We shall set up Balances of j ust ice on t he Day of Resurrect ion, t hen none will be dealt wit h unj ust ly in anyt hing. And if t here be t he weight of a must ard seed, We will bring it . And sufficent are We t o t ake account .)(21:47) Allah's st at ement ,

ヲ⊥Α∠ヱ ͡ケゅ∠ヰzレャや ヴ͡プ ∠モ∇Βzャや ⊥ア͡ャヲ⊥Αぴ

び͡モ∇Βzャや ヴ͡プ ∠ケゅ∠ヰzレャや ⊥ア͡ャ

(He merges night int o day, and merges day int o night ,) meaning, He does what He wills wit h His creat ures. He alt ernat es t he night and day and measures t hem by His wisdom, as He wills. Somet imes, He makes t he night longer t han t he day, and somet imes t he opposit e. Somet imes, He makes t he lengt h of night and day equal. Somet imes, He makes t he season wint er, t hen

(25)

changes it t o spring, t hen summer t hen aut umn. All t his He does by His wisdom and His due measure of everyt hing in His creat ion,

び͡ケヱ⊥ギぁダャや ͡れや∠グ͡よ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∠ヲ⊥ワ∠ヱぴ

(and He has full knowledge of what soever is in t he breast s.) He knows t he secret s, no mat t er how concealed t hey are.

ユ⊥ム∠ヤ∠バ∠ィ ゅzヨ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ボ͡ヘル∠ぺ∠ヱ ͡ヮ͡ャヲ⊥シ∠ケ∠ヱ ͡ヮzヤャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レ͡ョや∠¬ぴ

ゅ∠プ ͡ヮΒ͡プ ∠リΒ͡ヘ∠ヤ∇ガ∠わ∇ジぁョ

∇ユ⊥ヰ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ボ∠ヘル∠ぺ∠ヱ ∇ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠¬ ∠リΑ͡グzャ

∀ゲΒ͡ら∠ミ ∀ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ

-⊥メヲ⊥シzゲャや∠ヱ ͡ヮzヤャゅ͡よ ∠ラヲ⊥レ͡ョ∇ぽ⊥ゎ ∠Ι ∇ユ⊥ム∠ャ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ

∇ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユ⊥ム∠ボ⇒∠んΒ͡ョ ∠グ∠カ∠ぺ ∇ギ∠ホ∠ヱ ∇ユ⊥ムあよ∠ゲ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レ͡ョ∇ぽ⊥わ͡ャ ∇ユ⊥ミヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠Α

∠リΒ͡レ͡ョ∇ぽぁョ

-∃ろ⇒∠Αや∠¬ ͡ロ͡ギ∇ら∠ハ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ ⊥メあゴ∠レ⊥Α ン͡グzャや ∠ヲ⊥ワ

∠ヮzヤャや zラ͡ま∠ヱ ͡ケヲぁレャや ヴ∠ャ͡ま ͡ろ⇒∠ヨ⊥ヤぁヌャや ∠リあョ ∇ユ⊥ム∠ィ͡ゲ∇ガ⊥Βあャ ∃ろ⇒∠レあΒ∠よ

∀ユΒ͡ェzケ ∀フヱ⊥¬∠ゲ∠ャ ∇ユ⊥ム͡よ

-͡モΒ͡ら∠シ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ボ͡ヘレ⊥ゎ zΙ∠ぺ ∇ユ⊥ム∠ャ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ

ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α ∠Ι ͡チ∇ケxΙや∠ヱ ͡れ∠ヲ⇒∠ヨzジャや ⊥ゐや∠ゲΒ͡ョ ͡ヮzヤ͡ャ∠ヱ ͡ヮzヤャや

͡ウ∇わ∠ヘ∇ャや ͡モ∇ら∠ホ リ͡ョ ∠ペ∠ヘル∠ぺ ∇リzョ ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ

⊥ユ∠ヌ∇ハ∠ぺ ∠マ͡ゃ⇒∠ャ∇ヱ⊥ぺ ∠モ∠わ⇒∠ホ∠ヱ

6Κ⊥ミ∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∠わ⇒∠ホ∠ヱ ⊥ギ∇バ∠よ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ボ∠ヘル∠ぺ ∠リΑ͡グzャや ∠リあョ ⇔る∠ィ∠ケ∠キ

∀ゲΒ͡ら∠カ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ⊥ヮzヤャや∠ヱ ヴ∠レ∇ジ⊥エ∇ャや ⊥ヮzヤャや ∠ギ∠ハ∠ヱ

-リzョ

⊥ヮ∠ャ ⊥ヮ∠ヘ͡ハゅ∠ツ⊥Β∠プ ⇔ゅレ∠ジ∠ェ ⇔ゅッ∇ゲ∠ホ ∠ヮzヤャや ⊥チ͡ゲ∇ボ⊥Α ン͡グzャや や∠ク

び ∀ユΑ͡ゲ∠ミ ∀ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ ⊥ヮ∠ャ∠ヱ

(7. Believe in Allah and His Messenger, and spend of t hat whereof He has made you t rust ees. And such of you as believe and spend, t heirs will be a great reward.) (8. And what is t he mat t er wit h you t hat you believe not in Allah! While t he Messenger invit es you t o believe in your Lord; and He has indeed t aken your covenant , if you are real believers.) (9. It is He Who sends down manifest Ayat t o His servant t hat He may bring you out from darkness int o light . And verily, Allah is t o you full of kindness, Most Merciful.) (10. And what is t he mat t er wit h you t hat you

(26)

spend not in t he cause of Allah And t o Allah belongs t he herit age of t he heavens and t he eart h. Not equal among you are t hose who spent and fought before t he conquering. Such are higher in degree t han t hose who spent and fought aft erwards. But t o all Allah has promised t he best . And Allah is All-Aware of what you do.) (11. Who is he t hat will lend Allah a handsome loan: t hen He will increase it manifold t o his credit , and he will have a honorable reward.)

Ordering Faith and encouraging spending

Allah t he Exalt ed and Blessed orders having perfect fait h in Him and in His Messenger, and t hat one should persist on t his pat h adhereing firmly t o it . Allah encourages spending from what He has made mankind t rust ees of, t he wealt h t hat you - mankind - have, t hat He has lent you. This wealt h was in t he hands of t hose before you and was lat er t ransferred t o you. Therefore, O mankind, spend as Allah commanded you from t he wealt h t hat He ent rust ed t o you for His obedience. Ot herwise, He will hold you account able and punish you for your ignoring what He ordained on you in t his regard. Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ヮΒ͡プ ∠リΒ͡ヘ∠ヤ∇ガ∠わ∇ジぁョ ユ⊥ム∠ヤ∠バ∠ィ ゅzヨ͡ョぴ

(of t hat whereof He has made you t rust ees.), indicat es t hat you - mankind -- will surrender t his wealt h t o someone else. In t his case, t hose who will inherit from you might obey Allah wit h t heir wealt h, and t hus acquire more happiness t han you on account of what Allah has grant ed t hem. They might disobey Allah, and in t his case you will have helped t hem commit evil and t ransgression. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Ash-Shikhkhir said, "I came t o Allah's Messenger as he was recit ing and saying,

び ⊥ゲ⊥をゅzムzわャや ⊥ユ⊥ム⇒∠ヰ∇ャ∠ぺぴ

∠ュ∠キへ ⊥リ∇よや ⊥メヲ⊥ボ∠Α

:

∇モ∠ワ∠ヱ ∩ヶ͡ャゅ∠ョ ヶ͡ャゅ∠ョ

ゅzャ͡ま ∠マ͡ャゅ∠ョ リ͡ョ ∠マ∠ャ

∠ろ∇ホzギ∠ダ∠ゎ ∇ヱ∠ぺ ∩∠ろ∇Β∠ヤ∇よ∠ほ∠プ ∠ろ∇ジ͡ら∠ャ ∇ヱ∠ぺ ∩∠ろ∇Β∠レ∇プ∠ほ∠プ ∠ろ∇ヤ∠ミ∠ぺゅ∠ョ

∨∠ろ∇Β∠ツ∇ョ∠ほ∠プ

«

((abundance divert s you.)( The Son of ` Adam claims, "My wealt h, my wealt h.'' But is t here anyt hing belonging t o you, except t hat which you consumed, which you used, or which you wore and t hen it became worn or you gave as charit y and sent it forward) Muslim also collect ed wit h t he addit ion:

»

サゅzレヤ͡ャ ⊥ヮ⊥ミ͡ケゅ∠ゎ∠ヱ ∀ょ͡ワや∠グ∠プ ∩∠マ͡ャク ン∠ヲ͡シ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ

«

(Ot her t han t hat , you will go away from it and leave it behind for ot her people.) Allah's st at ement ,

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