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(1)論. 説ノ. く. Transiti n@of@SHpowners ， Li bility@Laws@and@Changes of P. 及 I. Clubs in the UJK. (Part Il 一わ Takatada@. I. In@ my@ precedi. ・. Imai. Preface. treatie@ (Part@ II-1@ of@the@ seri. g@. umi. s@. discussion@was@focused@on@the@changes@of@shipowners. of@my@ treaties@. which@were@most@remarkable@in@the@changes@of@shipowners. ， li bility@. s Ⅱ powners. Ⅰ. a. Ⅰ. in@ the@. o@ as@. ・. ws@will@be@dicussed. time,@those@of@the@Britann@@ treatie@. &@ I C. ・. se Ⅰ es@. Ⅰ. my@. bs@ were@. Ⅱ. changed@. ， As@the@Ru. previous@. Ⅰ. s@and@other@materi3s@of@P. ng@. i to@ the@ m3n@. treaties@. ，. &@I ， C. Ⅰ. bs@at@that. the@present. the@ captioned. on@. of. 1890. subject,@ @@ would@ be@ necessary@. Collision@Clause@of@1890@as@the@purpose@of@P. ・. ti n@will@manly@be@used@@@. ・. Ⅱ. d@war ， In@the@present@treatie. @@ accordance@ with@ such@ changes@ of. II Institute Collision Clause Before@ ente. ， etc ，. ・. Steam@SHp@Insurance@Associ of@. the@ capti ned@ subject),. ， liability@laws@in@ the@ U K ， during@the. period@from@the@end@of@the@19th@century@to@the@end@of@the@second@wo. how@ the@ risks@ covered@ by@ P. on@. ， liability@for@personal@accidents@to@crew. to@ refer@briefly@ to@ the@ Institute. ， &@I ， Clubs@is@to@cover@losses@which@are@not@covered@by. the@ marine@ hull@ policy@ with@ a@ collision@ clause@ inserted As@a@res℡ t@of@the@passig@of@the@Merchant@Shi Png@Amendment@Act ， 1862@by@whi h@the@limit@of s Ⅱ powners'@li 5lity@was@changed@from@the@v3ue@of@the@vessC@ and@her@frCght@as@before@to@fixed amounts@per@ton@of@the@vessC,@there@appeared@many@forms@of@coli. ion@c. Ⅰ. use@whi. h@seem@to@have. amended@the@colision@c use@(entitled@"Indemnity@Clause")@of@ 1824@drawn@up@by@the@IndemDty Mutu@@ Marine@ Insurance@ Co However,@ the@ Institute@of@London@ Underwriters@was@estaUi hed@ in@ 1884.@ and@ as@ a@ resut@ of@the Institute's@efforts@ for@ standar4zing@ vari us@ maFne@ i surance@ c uses,@ the@ first@Institute@ Time Ⅰ. Ⅰ. C. Ⅰ. uses-Hul. Clause@. Ⅰ. were@drawn@up@@@. 1888 ， @@ whi. h@ the@fo. Ⅰ. wing@C0lii. n@C. Ⅰ. use@was@inCuded@as. 1. And@it@is@further@agreed@that@if@the@sHp@hereby@insured@sh3l@come@i. to@collisi n@with@any@other. ship@or@vessel@and@the@assured@shall@in@consequence@thereof@become@liable@to@pay@and@shall@pay by@way@of@damages@to@any@other@person@or@persons@any@sum@or@sums@not@exceeding@in@respect of@any@one@such@c0lii. n@the@v3ue@of@the@sh@@. assured@. n@ of@three-fourths@. such@ proporti. hereby@i sured ， ths@Company@will@pay@the. of@such@. sum@. or@ sums@. so@ p3d@. as@ its@ subsc. Ⅰ. pti. n. hereto@bears@to@the@value@of@the@ship@hereby@insured ， and@in@cases@in@which@the@liability@of@the has@been@contested@with@the@consent@@@ w ti g@of@tHs@Company ， the@Company@will@also pay@a@like@proportion@of@three-fourths@of@the@costs@whi h@the@assured@shall@thereby@incur@or@be. sh@@. Ⅱ.

(2) 2 (154). YOKOHAMA@BUSINESS@. REVIEW. ， VO. compCled》o｝ay Provided‖ways》hat》h@ Clause《h3l ・. ， XI ， No. ・. 3@ (1990). no…ase‘xtend》o‖ny《um『hi. h. the@assured@Ⅲ 3y@become@liable@to@pay@or@shall@pay@for@removal@of@obstructions@under@statutory ， for@injury@to@harbours. powers. ， wharves. ， piers ， stages ， and@similar@structures. ， consequent@on. such…ollision， or（n〉espect｛f》he…argo｛r‘ngagements｛f》he（nsured」essel ， or’or〕oss｛f〕ife or@ personal@. On. two@years@after. Ⅰ. res ℡ t@. injury. ， i， e ， @@ 1890 ， the@above@Institute@Collision@C. of@ the@ "Balnacr3g"@. proviSon@for@cross@. Ⅰ. use@of@1888@was@amended. Ⅰ. of@ 1889 ， by@ inserting@ the@ undermentioned@. case@. abiiies@in@both@to@blame@co. wordi. iion@cases,@after@the@words@". Ⅰ. g，. ， as@a i， e ， the ・. .or｜e…ompelled》o. pay@. But『hen｜oth」essCs‖re》o｜ me ， then「n Ⅰ. ss》he〕iaUlity｛f》he｛wners｛f｛ne｛r｜oth｛f. Ⅰ. such@vessCs@becomes@limited@by@ w ， c ims@under@this@Cause@sh3l@be@sett d@on@the@pFncip of cross-liabilities‖s（f》he｛wners｛f‘ach」essel”ad｜een…ompelled》o｝ay》o》he｛wners｛f》he other@of@such@vessels@such@one-half@or@other@proportion@of@the@latter ， s@damages@as@may@have been@ proper 3 wed@ @@ ascert8ni g@the@ba nce@or@sum@ payab by@or@to@the@assured@ i Ⅰ. Ⅰ. consequence. Ⅰ. Ⅰ. Ⅰ. of. Ⅰ. n. c0lisi. such. Ⅰ. Ⅰ. ・. The@above@Institute@Collision@C use@of@1890@remai ed@3most@unchanged@for@about@80@years@until amended@@@ Vew@of@the@oil@p0 tion@accident@caused 1969@when@the@above@clause@was@conSderab by@ the@ "Torrey@ Canyon"@ in@ 1967 Ⅰ. Ⅰ. Ⅰ. Setti g@asi e@the@detailed@Ⅰ scussion@on@the@above@Institute@Collisi for@the@purpose@of@my@present@treatise@to@mention@here@that. n@C. Ⅰ. use@of@1890. ， under@this@Clause. ， it@may@suffice. ， three-fourths@of@the. amount@which@the@owner@of@the@insured@vessel@was@liable@to@pay@by@way@of@damages@for@loss@o damage@to@other@vessC@ and/or@cargo@thereon@@@consequence@of@colliion@was@covered@up@to@the insured@amount@of@the@insured@vessel,@separately@from@. ss@of@or@damage@to@the@insured@vessel,@but. Ⅰ. damages@for@loss@of@or@damage@to@cargo@on@the@insured@vessel,@expense@of@removal@of@wreck,@etc damages@for@injury@to@harbour passengers@. or@crew,@. Now etc ，. whi. Changes@. ・. Changes@. of@Risks@. ， I@wish@to@enter@into@the@main@subject. accordance@with@the@transiti. covered@. by@ P. ・. ・. (Part@ II-l. AND@WHEREAS@si. ・. n@of@Shipowners Ⅰ. pu. ， &@I ， C. Ⅰ. bs@in. Ⅰ. ihed@. ， Li. in@ September@. Ⅰ. lity@Laws@and. 1990). of@ the@ Ori8nal@ Deed@ of@ the@ Shi owners ， Mutual@ Protecti n@ Soci ty and@ the@ predecessor@of@the@ Britanni. esta Ⅰ ished@ @@ 1855 ， the@ first@Protection@Club@in@the@wor Steam@Ship@Insurance@Associati. &@ I Clubs. n@of@shipowners'@liability@laws@in@respect@of@person3@ accident@to@crew,. &:@ I ， Clubs@ @@ the@ U ， K. (1)@ The@ 2nd@ paragraph@. ・. not@covered@ at@3l. ， that@is， changes@of@risks@covered@by@P. h@was@de3t@with@in@my@preceding@treatise@("Transiti of@P. n@(see@page@17@of@the@A ce@the@passing@of@the@Statute@. Ⅰ. ・. S ， G ， Report@of@1957)@provided@as@f0lows. l7th@and@. 18th@Vi. ・. ， Cap. ， 104 ， sect ， 504 ，. the｛wners｛f《hi s‖nd」essCs［ay ， and｝robab will， in《ome（ stances ， also｜ecome〕i ble》o pay@damages@in@consequence@of@loss@of@life ， or@personal@ijury@caused@to@passengers ， either@on Ⅰ. ， by》he（mproper］avigation｛f》heir《hips｛r」essels: board》heir｛wn｛r｛ther《hips｛r」essels (Note)@ The@ Statute@ 17th@ and@ 18th@ Vie ， Cap ， 104@ referred@ to@ in@ the@ above@ paragraph@ ・. Shipping. Act ， 1854. ,. ， wharf ， pier ， etc ， and@damages@for@loss@of@life@of@or@personal@injury@to. Cther@on@ board@ the@ i sured@ vessel@or@other@vessel@were@ III. ・. is@the@ Merchant.

(3) Transition@of@Shipowners. ， Liability@Laws@and@Changes@of@P. As@seen@@@ the@above@paragraph mutu3. to@cover@s Ⅱ powners. Ⅰ. ・. &@I Clubs@in@the@U. ・. ・. ・. K. ・. /155 3. (Takatada@Imaizumi). ヵ. one@of@the@main@reasons@for@estaUihment@of@the@above@C. ， li 5lity@for@. ss@of@life@of@or@person3@. Ⅰ. Ⅰ. b@was. i jury@to@passengers@on@board. their@own@or@other@vessels ， and@their@liability@for@loss@of@life@of@or@personal@injury@to@crew@on@board thCr@ own@. or@. other@ vessCs@ was@. not@. taken@ i to@ consideration. At@the@time@of@the@estaUihment@of@the@first@Protection@Club. ， shipowners. ， liability@for@ ss@of@lie@or Ⅰ. personal@injury@covered@by@the@Protection@Club@was@limited@to@that@for@passengers@on@board@ own@. other@ vessCs@ on. or@. ,@as@ seen@. Ⅰ. in@ the@ folowing@. E コC @act Ⅰク. り. damages. The. (1)， Where@any@ protected Shp (2) (omitted). ㌧. 軍イト. Ⅰ. t d ぬわみはルイⅠ ⅠⅠ S66. ノ㌧ⅠⅠ ピ aらイ甘ク. M. ow れせ Ⅰ二五，. Ⅰ. はⅠ. 卯J. タ. P Ⅰ ,0 ビ rfzo Ⅰ. Socie り. ク籠. protected against are. so Ⅰ. メⅠ 0 篠. Sノ. Ⅰ ノしピ. materials. of@lie@or@. ss@. injury@is@caused@to@ any@. person3@. bCng@carried@ in@the. person@. ・. ・. (3. Where@any@loss@of@. Ⅰ. Ship. fe@or@personal@injury@i. Ⅰ. aforesaid， caused. as. .@by@reason@of@the@improper@naviga. any person carried. to. other. any. in. Ship. Ⅰ. on@of@such. Boat. or. (4). (omitted) E 0/. Ⅰ. YMC. ア i兜に吐. ノしピニしアア. PantheF Injury to agreed@to@pass@ths@c were@legally@liable. ㏄ⅠⅠ. a. Ⅰ. man. と十. 力Ⅰ 0 胞ヰ f mm ノし. M. Ki7% 窩 Om 老丁. board. on. the. ひ. ク構. Ⅰ. ひⅠⅠ. 何. Ⅰ. s 芯竪. Ⅰク. steamer. im@@@ the@man@was@not@@@. ， If ， however. @ⅠⅠノリクみ 0. Ⅰ. am-S. ・. イ冗. di Ⅰ tec.tn Ⅰ3. P ァ，mz ク lcft ni. ノ㌧づク. 宙冗. RecCpt. the@emp. 0Ⅰ. アイ. Ⅰ. for. 上丁. Associ. @6.18.0. 冗 tlo れ. に. ha. Ⅴ ng｜een. c. Ⅰ. (20th. im. ，. ， the@man@was@employed@on@board@the@steamer@it@was@decided@to. March 1873) Taiman:@ Sank@ French@ lugger@ with@ potatoes@ and@ drowned@ the@ Captain ， s@ wie potatoes@ ｣71 ， c im@ for@ wie@ @5@ passed@ (16th@ March ， 1876). reject the. shown. y@of@the@steamer@so@that@the@owners. ・. ・. ・. Cl3m@ for. Ⅰ. E. Ⅰ. :、…laim『as［ade’or”ospital…harges（ncurred｜y‖［an『ho『as（ jured｛n｜oard》his. steamer. ・. It@was@determi. ed@to@deCi. e@to@admit@t. ㌔ s@c. Ⅰ. im@as@the@Associ. ti n@cannot@entert8n@a. claim@ of@ this@kind@ (15th@January@ 1874) F3rY T Ⅱ s『as‖…ase（n『 Ⅱ ch》he｛wners‖sked》he，ommittee》o｝ay》he｜uri8expenses｛f‖ seaman@abroad. Rules. In@1870. of. ， The@Committee@declined@to@entertain@such@a@claim@which@is@not@included@in@the. the. ， however. Association ， shipowners. (21st゛anuary， 1875). ・. ， such@liability@was@extended@to@that@for@crew@on@board@other@vessels. (see@the@CⅠ l@Sheet@dated@May@4 ， 1870@of@the@Shi owners ， Mutu3@ Protection@Society) The@reason why@the@shipowners ， liability@for@loss@of@life@of@or@personal@injury@to@crew@on@board@their@own@vessels was@not@covered@by@the@C bs@is@not@c ar ， but@it@may@probab be@that@such@li5lity@was@not@heavy burden@ to@ shpowners@ at@ that@ time ・. Ⅰ. Ⅱ. Ⅰ. (2)@Snce@around@1880 ， however ， the@cover@proVded@by@C bs@for@ ss@of@life@or@person3@ i jury@was Steam@Ship extended@as@seen@in@the@extract@as@quoted@below@from@the@leaflet@of@1881@of@the@Britann@@ Ⅰ. Insurance@Associ. ti n@i to@whi. Ⅰ. h@the@steamer@section@of@the@Shipowners'@Mutual@protection@Soci. was@merged@@@ 1876.@and@the@risks@covered@under@the@above@ aflet@were@same@as@those@covered@i 1880@ by@ the@ United@ Kingdom@ Mutu Ⅰ Steam-Ship@ Protecti g@ Associati n@ and@ the@ London Ⅰ. Steam-Ship@. Owners'@. Mutual@. Insurance@. Associ. ti. n. ty.

(4) 4 (156). YOKOHAMA@BUSINESS@REVIEW. ， Vol ， XI ， No. E, ㏄ⅠⅠ act メⅠ 0 抑止んⅠ Class3.. 一 Protectlon.. 一 OwnershipRisks. a み i0ひ Ⅰ Jピのメサク t. o/ J88. ・. 3@(1990). Ⅰ. 一 ThisClubisforthemutualprotectionofSteam. Ship. Owners@ against@ Liabilities@ arising@ out@ of@any@ of@the@ following@ events ， viz A @@Loss@of@lie@or@personal@i jury@caused@by@the@protected@Steamer@to@any@person@in@or@near. ・. :-. ・. the@ said@. Steamer. ， or@ in@ any@. other@. ship@ or@ boat ， or@ elsewherC@. also@ salvage@. of@life. B. (om 正 ted) C, D.. (一 do. 一). (一 do. 一). Comparing》he〕eaflet｛f・ under@the@. Ⅰ. with》hat｛f・. aflet@of@1881 ， the@cover@for@shi. ，. there‖re》wo‥ifferencesOne｛f》hem（s》hat ・. ， liability@for@personal@accident@was@extended@to. owners. that@for@personal@accident@to@crew@on@board@the@protected@vessC@ that@ under@ the@ leaflet@ of@ 1881 ， the@ salvage@ of@life@ became@ (3)@As@the@re. Ⅰ. ti n@between@the@salvage@of@lie@and@P. ， &@I. in@II@(1)@of@my@preceding@treatise@(Part@11-1@of@the@se. Ⅰ. or@other@vessels,@etc and@the@other@is ・. to@ be@ covered. Insurance@is@complicated,@what@menti. ・. ned. es@of@my@treatises@on@the@captioned@subject. pu5ished@ in@ September@ 1990)@ will@be@ supplemented@ as@ below The@salvage@of@life@covered@by@P &@I Clubs@means@the@reward@to@be@paid@by@the@owner@of@the protected@ vessel@ to@ the@ salvor@of@life@of@persons@ on@ board@ such@ vessC@ and@ does@ not@ include@ the expenses@incurred@for@searchi g@for@missing@persons@on@board@such@vessC@ or@corpses ， Though@it@is ・. ・. not@clear@since@when@the@above@research@expenses@have@been@covered@by@P. covered@ at@ present@ under@ the@ separate@. ， &@ I ， C. item@ "normal@ deviation"@ of@the@ Clubs'@ Ru. Originally ， the@reward@for@rescue@of@life@only@was@not@allowed@by@the@Ad. on@the@doctrine@of@re@@acti n@that@there@was@nothi freight@becoming@total@loss. ・. Even@before@1846. bs,@they@are. Ⅰ. s. Ⅰ. ralty@Court@in@the@U. Ⅲ. ，K. g@to@be@attached@@@case@of@the@vessC,@cargo@and. ， however. ， it@was@the@practie@of@the@Admir3ty@Court. that@in@the@case@where@both@life@and@property@were@s3ved@by@one@and@the@same@sa. or,@more@reward. Ⅰ. than@that@in@the@case@of@rescue@of@property@only@was@allowed,@but@@@ the@case@where@life@and@property separately@ salved@ by@ diferent@ salvors,@. were@. reward@. no@. As@ the@above@ practie@was@apt@to@bring@about@the@ preference@to@life 3. Ⅰ. was@. al wed@ to@ the@ salvor@ of@ life， Ⅰ. Stuation@ for@a@salvor@to@salve@property@in. ， the@Act@consolidating@and@amending@the@Law@relating@to@Wreck@and@Salvage. wed@reward@to@sa. Ⅰ. or@of@life@even@when@lie@and@property@were@separate. s3vors ， and@then@Merchant@Shipping@Act. ， 1854@provided@@@. ， 1846 sa. Ⅰ. ed@by@different. Ⅰ. section@459@(see@II@(1)@of@my@preceding. treatise@(Part@II-1)@that@salvage@of@lie@sho Ⅱ d@be@payable@by@the@shipowner@in@priority@to@3l@other clalmsforsalvageandthatIf. 七. hevesselwasdest. Ⅰ. oyedorthevaluethe. Ⅱ. eofwasinsuf. 十ニ. cIent,afte. Ⅰ. payment@of@the@actual@expenses@incurred,@to@pay@the@amount@of@s3vage@of@life,@the@Board@of@T mi. ht@in@its@dscretion@award@necessary@sum@to@the@salvor@of@lie@out@of@the@Mercanti. Further ， while@sections@458@and@459@of@the@Merchant@S board@any@vessC Court@Act,@1861@pro pro Ⅴ. ， whether@British@or@foreign Ⅴ. ded@in@secti. si ns@of@the@Merchant@Shippi. such@pro. Ⅴ. Ⅰ. Ⅱ pping@Act ， 1854@apPi. ， but@within@the@limit@of@the@U. ，K. Ma. Ⅱ. ne@Fund. d@to@saving@of@lie@on ・. only ， the@Admiralty. n@9@that@in@so@far@as@the@British@vessels@were@concerned,@the@above. g@Act ， 1854@apPi. d@to@saving@of@lie@anywhere@@@. si ns@of@these@Acts@were@succeeded@by@the@Merchant@Shi. the@woFd. ， and. pi g@Act ， 1894@(section@544). In@short ， under@the@British@laws ， salvage@of@life@had@to@be@borne@pFmarily@by@salved@property@and supplementa Ⅰ ly@ by@ the@ Mercanti Marine@ Fund Incidenta ， by@ the@ Merchant@ S Ⅱ pping Ⅰ. ・. Ⅰ.

(5) TranSti. (Mercanti. n@of@Shi. Marine@. Ⅰ. plementary@ Pa. Ⅱ. ， Li 5lity@Laws@and@Changes@of@P. Fund)@. MaFne@. Ⅰ. ・. K. ・. (157) 5. (Takatada@Im8zumi). Fund@. was@. aboihed@. to@ be@ made@ out@ of@ moneys@. ， as@a@matter@of@fact. of@the@ above@ Fund@. out@. ・. Act ， 1898 ， the@ Mercanti. ， but@it@appears@that. made@. ， &@I Cl bs@@@ the@U. of@ salvage@ of@ life@became@. payment@. i ment. were@. owners. and@ sup-. provided@ by@ the. ， the@cases@where@such@supplementary@payments. or@ moneys@. pro. ded@ by@ the@ Pa. Ⅴ. Ⅱ. iament@. rather@ rare. were@. From@the@judicial@precedents@under@the@British@laws@regarding@salvage@of@life@and/or@property@an practi es,@ the@ present@. i surance@. positi n@ may@. be@ summarized@. as@. bCow. ・. (a)@ In@case@lie@on @@ sa ed@and@no@property@@@ sa ed@at@3l,@no@award@@@ gi en@by@the@court@i respect@of@salvage@of@life ， and@ out@of@the@expenses@ incurred@ for@landing@survivors ， the@ port Ⅰ. charges@on. Ⅰ. Ⅰ. are@covered@by@the@P. Ⅰ. a@recent@agreement@among@P &. I. ・. C. whi. to. b. Ⅰ. h. ・. the. sa. Ⅰ. &@I ， Club@to@which@the@s3vor@bCongs. ・. %@I ， C. (b)@ In@case@both@lie@and@property@are@sa i Cudi. g》he（. marine@. insurer. belongs ，. vessC. ed. ， while@there@seems@to@be. bs@@@ London@that@the@extra@bunkers@are@covered@by@the@P. Ⅰ. Ⅰ. ed@by@one@and@the@same@salvor. creased《alvage…orresponding》o》he《ang｛f〕ie . ， salvage@of@lfe@is@covered@by. Ⅰ. C. ・. b@to@which@the@sa. Ⅰ. covered｜y》he｛rdinary. Ⅴ. (c)@ In@case@ fe@and@property@are@separately@salved@by@different@salvors the@P ， &@I. ， the@s3vage@of@property. Ⅰ. ed@vessC@ be. Ⅰ. whle@the@salvage@of@property@is@covered@by. ngs ，. the ordinary marine insurer Anyway &@I ， C. ， Ⅰ. clear》hat》he’act》hatヾnce‖round・. it . ，. bs@was@due@to@the@passing@of@the@Merchant@ShpPng@Act. precedents@. ， 1854 ， etc and@many@judi ・. i l. based@ on@ these@ Acts ，. (4)@ The@ risks@ whi h@ The@ B Ⅱ tann@@ Steam@ Ship@ Insurance@ Associ ti n@ proposed@ to@ cover@ i Protection@and@Indemniy@Di isi ns@in@its@circu r@sent@to@its@members,@together@with@the@notice dated@February@5 ， 1886@of@holding@of@the@annual@general@meeting@on@February@10 ， 1886@for@the purpose｛f‖〉es0ution》o《eparate（nto￣rotection．i iion‖nd！ndemnity．ivisi n『ere‖s quoted@bCow Incident3 ,@other@m3n@Clubs@were@3so@ separated@i to@Protecti n@C b@and Ⅰ. Ⅰ. ・. Indem. Ⅰ ty@. C. b@ @@ the@ same@. Ⅰ. Ⅰ. year. Protection@. (A). Division. The‥amages『h@ h‖｀ember［ay｜ecome〕iab. Ⅰ. to｝ay‖nd《h3l｝ay（n〉espect｛f‖ny. such《teamship’or〕oss｛f〕ie｛r｝erson3 injury…aused》o‖ny｝erson; as『Cl‖s‖ny hosPtal ， medi3 ， or@funer3@ expenses@i curred@and@pad@by@a@member@@@ respect@of@such steamshp@@@ consequence@of@person3@ injury@or@ ss@of@lie@by@acCdent;@and@expenses@for wHch Member may become li 5e for lie savage ， (B)@ The@damages@whi h@a@Member@may@become@li Ue@to@pay@and@sh3l@pay@@@respect@of@ ss@of or@damage@to@any@goods@or@merchandise@on@board@such@steamship ， in@so@far@as@such@loss@or damage”as｜een…aused｜y…ollision， stranding ， or》he…ontact｛f《uch《teams Ⅱ p『ith some@substance@or@thng@other@than@water ， or@by@the@ne8igent ， uns ⅡⅠ ul ， or@improper Ⅰ. a. Ⅰ. navigation@of@such@steamship;@but@no@claim@shall@be@allowed@in@respect@of@loss@of@or@damage to“oods｛r［erchandise where《uch goods｛r［erchandise have｜een…arried water. ・. ballast@tank. purpose@. of@carrying@ cargo ， or@ where@ the@ toss@or@ damage@. stowage｛r「nseaworthi ess ， nor’or《hort‥Ci on@board@such@steamship or@. stores. in. any. ， or@in@any@other@part@of@the@steamship@not@specially@constructed@for@the ery. ， nor@for@the@steamship@herself. ， nor’or. Ⅰ. has@ arisen@ from@ improper ss｛f｛r（jury》o〕i. ， nor@for@tack. Ⅰ. ， apparC. e‖Hm3s ， furniture.

(6)

(7) ， Liability@Laws@and@Changes@of@P. Transition@of@Shipowners. &@I Clubs@in@the@U. ・. ・. Members｜y「nderta ng》hCr‥efence， and｜y…onducti obt3. Ⅰ. ng@redress@for@Members. alterati. (E)@ C. demurrage@. ns@ or@ any@. or@ other@. of@the@. ， not@covered@. Member. Di. the hu. to. i curred@. by@ such@ Members. ， occurring@without@the@actu3@. n. by@ the@ Associ. (F) CIaims forlossofordam]age. tions@ or@ poli i s@ referred@. ormaterialsofany. Ⅱ. for. ti n@shal@not@pay@expenses@of@rep3rs@or. damages@. ims@for@@ ss@or@damage@done@by@colii. Ⅰ. (159)@7. (Takatada@Imaizumi). ・. approved@ of@by@ the@ Committee@. cases@. ， but@the@Associ. K. g｝roceedi gs’or》esting”ow. Ⅱ. far@ such@ i terference@ is@warranted ， and@ @@. ・. ision ， or@for@expenses@p3d@by@a@Member. fault@or@pri Ⅴ ty to@ @@ Ru. VII. Ⅰ. steamship enttered in this. ， consequent@in@Cther@case@on@the@capture@or. seizure@of@such@steamship ， which@are@not@covered@by@the@poli ies@or@Associtions@referred to Rule〃II， and｛ccur『ithout》he‖ctu3 fault｛r｝ri Ⅴ ty｛f》he｀ember ， No… im《hall Ⅰ. attach@to@th@@. Di. the@Member Fsks. isi n@for@. ss ， damages@or@expenses@caused@by@the@act@of@a@bCli. Ⅰ. ， after@hostilities@have@become@imminent. erent@if. ， has@had@time@to@insure@against@war. ・. (G)@ The@costs ， charges@and@expenses@i curred@by@a@Member@@@ prosecuti g@or@defendi g@any action@ or@ other@ proceedi g ， or@ otherwise@ @@ rCati n@ to@ the@ risks@ hereby@ i demniied agai st ， i curred pursuant to Rule VI if. As ， however c. Ⅰ. ・. ， the@Ru. ar@whether@the@. Ⅱ. Ⅰ. s@of@1886@of@the@above@Associati. sks@proposed@to@be@covered@@@. n@is ， to@my@regret. Protecti. ， not@av3lable. n@and@Indemniy@Di. Crcu r@of@1886@were@approved@as@drafted@at@the@gener3@ meeting@and@were@i Ru s@of@1886.@but@the@contents@of@the@above@circu r@are@quite@Smilar@to@the@Ru Ⅰ. Ⅰ. Ⅰ. above@Association@as@quoted@in@(5)@below. Comparing@the@ quoted@@@. Ⅰ. 3@ -Protection@@ownership@. (2)@above@with@that@of@"Protecti 2@. n@Di. or@funer. isi n@(A. expenses@i. Ⅰ. ss@of@life， which@seem@to@correspond@to@the@provisi. Act ， 1854 ， became@to@be@covered@by@the@c@ i jury@but@such@hosPt3@. person3@. Lia5lii. cu. Ⅰ. r@of@1886@or@(ii)@not@on. s@arisi g@out@of ，・・ A @@Loss@of@life@or@personal@i. (a)@expenses@of@subSstence@of@an@i some@. (b)@expenses@. as. r@of@1886 ， I@wonder. jury@or. Ⅰ. damages@for@. Ⅰ. menti. g. ss@of@lie@or ・・， ag3nst ・・・. "@i. l@di ference@between@the@covers@under@the. ned@ bCow@. were@. not@ yet@. ured@crew@until@he@was@cured,@or@di. port@and@expenses@of@his@conveyance@to@such@port@as@pro. Merchant@. Ⅴ. covered@. at@. that@ time. d,@or@was@brought@back@to ded@@@. secti n@228@(1)@of@the. Shi Png@ Act ， 1854 i curred@. (c)@expenses@i the. Ⅱ. Ⅰ. jury@caused@by@the@protected@Steamer. ・. as@. in@the@above@Crcu. ， also@were@aready@covered@by@the@words@". expenses,@etc. that@ the@ expenses@. Risks"@ in@ the@ leaflet@of@ 1881@. n@of@secti n@228@(1)@of@the@Merchant@SHppi Ⅰ. Ⅰ. it@seems@. Ⅰ. curred@@@ consequence@of@personal@i. the@ aHet@of@1881@and,@therefore,@there@was@no@substanti leaflet@of@ 1881@ and@ the@ circular@ of@ 1886 Anyway,@. corporated@@@ the s@of@1897@of@the. ， which@are@the@oldest@ones@kept@by@the@above@Association. wording@of@"Class@. whether@(i)@the@hospit3.@medi. ， it@is@not. ii ns@@@ the@above. above. @@ respect@. of@il. Ⅰ. ess@. as@ pro. Ⅴ. ded@ @@ secti n@ 228@ (2)@ of@the@ above@ Act. curred@@@ respect@of@ditressed@seamen@found@abroad@as@pro. Ⅴ. ded@@@ secti n@213@of. Act. (5)@The@ following@ are@ extracts@ from@ the@ Rules@ of@ 1897@ of@the@ Britannia@ Steam@ Ship@ Insurance Association@ which@ are@ the@ oldest@ Rules@ kept@ by@ the@ above@ Association. PROTECTION@. The@ fo@ wi g@ Ru4 Division@. s@. rCate@ and@ app. of@ this@ Class ， viz:-. Ⅰ. DIVISION. exc. Ⅰ. si e. Ⅰ. to@. steamshi. s@ entered@ @@. the@ Protecti n.

(8) YOKOHAMA. 8 (160). 17.@@The@Members@of@this@Di. BUSINESS. REVIEW. ， Vol ， XI ， No ，. isi n@shal@(subject@to@these@Ru. Ⅰ. of@each@steamship@entered@therein@against@the@following@claims expenses:. 3. (1990). s)@protect@each@other@in@respect ， losses ， demands. ， damages@and. 一. (a )@ Loss@ of@life ， personal@ The@damages@and@hosPtal ・. injury ， etc ， funeral@or@medi. 3@ expenses@which@a@Member@may@become@liab. Ⅰ. to@pay@and@shall@pay@in@respect@of@any@such@steamship@in@consequence@of@loss@of@life@or@personal injury@ caused@ to@ any@ person ， and@ also@ expenses@ consequent@ upon@ illness@(where@ such last-mentioned@expenses@exceed@｣10 ， at@any@one@port)， whi h@a@Member@may@become@li b to Ⅰ. pay@and@shall@pay@in@respect@of@such@steamship;@and@expenses@for@which@a@member@may@become liable@for@ life@salvage (b )@Loss@ or@ damage@ of@cargo The@damages@which@a@Member@may@become@liab ・. to@pay@and@sh8l@pay@in@respect@of@ss@of. Ⅰ. Ⅰ. or@damage@to@any@goods@or@merchandise@on@board@such@steamship. damage@has@been@caused@by@c0lii substance@or@thing@other@than@water such@steams. Ⅰ. ss@or. n ， stranding ， or@the@contact@of@such@steamship@with@some ， or@by@the@ne8igent ， unskilf Ⅱ or@improper@na Ⅴ gation@of. but@no@cl3m@sh3l@be@al. Ⅱ P@. ， in@so@far@as@such@. Ⅰ. wed@in@respect@of@loss@of@or@damage@to@goods@or. merchandise@carried@in@any@double@bottom@water@ballast@tank ， or@where@the@loss@or@damage@has ， or@for@short@delivery ， or@for@loss@of@or arisen@ from@improper@stowage@or@unseaworthiness injury@to@live@animals ， or@for@loss@of@or@damage@to@frozen@meat ， etc ，， or@for@loss@of@or@damage@to refri erators ， condensers ， oil@tanks ， or@fittings@for@cattle@or@other@speci3@ cargoes@on@board@such steams. Ⅱ. p ， or@for@the@steamship@hersCf. ， her@tac. Ⅹ. e ， apparC. ， furniture@or@stores. ， unless@so@far. as@frozen@meat@and@similar@cargoes@are@concerned ， the@Committee@have@approved@in@writing@of the@protectie@c uses@@@ the@contracts@of@carriage@and@the@i structions@8ven@to@those@on@board the@ steamship (c )@One-fourth@ of@damage@ to@ other@ shi s， etc Ⅰ. ・. The@damages@which@a@Member@may@become@lia5e@to@pay@and@shall@pay@in@respect@of@. ss@or. Ⅰ. damage@caused@by@such@steamshi ， to@any@other@sHp@or@boat ， or@to@the@freight@thereof ， or@to any@goods ， merchandise@or@other@things@whatsoever@on@board@such@other@ship@or@boat ， to@the extent@of@the@one-fourth@part@of@such@loss@or@damage. ， and@of@the@costs. ， charges. ， and@expenses. indicent3@ thereto@not@recovera Ⅰ e@from@the@ordi ary@Mutu3@ Mari e@Insurance@Associ ti ns or@under@ p0i ies@at@ Lloyd ， s@or@with@ Marine@ Insurance@ Compani s@with@ the@c0lision@c use Ⅰ. inserted@. or@ attached. ， But@when@. both@ vessels@ are@ to@ blame. ， then. ， unless@. the@ liability@ of@the. owners@of@one@or@both@of@such@vessCs@becomes@limited@by@statute ， claims@under@this@c use@shall be@ settled@ on@ the@ principle@ of@cross@ liaUlities ， as@ if@the@ owners@ of@ such@ vessel@ had@ been compelled@to@pay@to@the@owners@of@the@other@of@such@vessels ， such@one@half@or@other@proportion Ⅰ. of@the@latter. ， s@damages@as@may@have@been@properly@3. Ⅰ. wed@in@ascertani. g@the@ba. Ⅰ. nce@or@sum. payable@ by@ or@ to@ the@ assured@ in@ consequence@ of@such@ collision (d ， )@General@ Average@ not@ recoverable@ from@ cargo@ owners Cargo ， s@proportion@of@general@average@or@special@charges@when@not@recoverable@from@the owners@ of@cargo@ on@ board@ such@ steamship@ in@ consequence@ of@the@ negligent ， unsklfU@ or improper@ navigation@ of@ such@ steamship;@ but@ a@ deduction@ shall@ be@ made@ from@ claims consequent@on@the@steamship@runni g@short@of@fuel@of@double@the@value@(at@the@ st@coali g port)@ of@ the@ coals@ saved ， Ⅰ. (e )@ Damage@ ・. to@ harbours. ， docks. ， etc. The@damages@whi h@a@Member@may@become@liable@to@pay@and@sh3l@pay@in@respect@of@damage done@ or@ caused@ by@ such@ steamshi ， or@ by@ any@ person@ emp yed@ about@ the@ same ， to@ any Ⅰ. harbour ， dock ， pi submarine@or@other@ca. r ， quay. ， or@works@connected@. Ⅰ e ， or@other@fixed@or@moveab. negligence@ or@ otherwise ， except@ (f， )@Remov3@ of@ wreck. as@. therewith ， or@to@any@jetty ， buoy ， erecti things@whatsoever ， whether@caused@by. n，. Ⅰ. provided@ for@ in@ clause@ (c). ・. The@costs. ， charges@or@expenses@whch@a@Member@may@become@lia5e@to@pay@and@sh3l@pay@or. incur@in@or@about@or@inCdent3@ to@r3Sng@or@remo value@(if@any)@of@the@wreck@itself@and@of@the@stores@and@materi. Ⅴ. ng@the@wreck@of@such@steamship,@ ss@the Ⅰ. ls@save4@. pro. Ⅴ. ded@always@that.

(9) TranSti. n@of@Shi. such@costs. ， Li Llity@Laws@and@Changes@of@P. owners. ， charges. insurance@. &@I Cl bs@@@. ・. the@U. ・. ， and@expenses@are@not@recoverab. ，K. under@any@ordinary@poi. Ⅰ. (161)@9. (Takatada@Imazumi). ・. y@of@ma. Ⅱ. ne. on@ such@ steamship. (g.) Costs. The@costs ， charges ， and@expenses@incurred@by@a@Member@@@. prosecuting@or@defending@any. acti n@or@other@procee4ng@or@otherwie@in@rCation@to@the@risks@hereby@protected@against. w ting ， or@@@. incurred@with@the@consent@of@the@Managers@@@ practi. a5e@. to@ obt3n@. such@ consent. ti ns@ are@ i terested@. Associ. Lim Ⅱ of. Ⅱ. ab. Ⅱ. れy. 王. 30. ， or@ @@ cases@. where@. as@ far@ as@ thCr@ consent@. per. proper. Ⅱ. ， i. incurred@before@it@was. Ⅰ. UnderwFters@. or@ Marine@. has@ been@ obt3. Insurance. ned. ton. Pro Ⅴ ded@ aways@ that@ the@ aggregate@. payab. amount@. Ⅰ. by@ th@@ Di ii. n@. @@ respect@ of@any. number@of@claims@arising@from@any@one@occurrence@shall@not@exceed@the@sum@of@thirty@pounds per@ton@on@the@number@of@tons@entered@in@this@Division@on@the@steamship@in@respect@of@which such@C8ms@are@made Statute. But@when@the@li. ・. ， th@@ Di Ⅴ sion@ sh3l@ not@be@. 18.-Negligence@. li b. 5lity@of@the@owner@of@such@steamship@is@limited@by Ⅰ. beyond@. the@ amount@. th@@ Di. ii n@ @@ consequence@. cl3m@. any@. is@ made@. aganst@. contracted@for@the@carri ge@of@goods@wihout@proper@c the@negligence@of@his@servants@in@the@na. deduction@ of@ ten@. Committee. limitation@ of@li biliy. Cause. Whenever@. a@. of@such@. ， either@. per@. Ⅴ. gation@of@the@steamship. unless@ the@ Member@. cent ，. that@ @@ the@ circumstances@. of@a@ Member@. ha. uses@exempting@hm@from@li. Ⅰ. ， such@c. Ⅰ. Ⅴ ng. 5lity@for. im@shall@be@subject@to. shall@ show@ to@ the@ satisfaction@of@ the. he@ was@ without@. actu3@. fa Ⅱ t@ or@ pri ity@ @@ the. ， or@ that@ in@ the@ particular@ trade@ it@was@ impossible@ to@ obtain@ such@ clauses. matter. 19.-Charter@. parti s@ and@ bil. of@. Ⅰ. Ⅰ. di. g. It@shall@be@lawful@for@the@Committee@to@prescribe@by@Bye-law genera. y@ or@ for@ any@. Ⅰ. par. Ⅰ. ge ， whether@by@Charter-Parly. contracts@of@carri. ， from@time@to@time. cular@ port@ or@ ports ， or@ for@ any@ partcular@ ， Bill@of@ di Ⅰ. trade@. g@or@otherwise. ， that@either or@ trades,@ the. ， to@be@entered@i. to. by@ the@ Members@ shall@ be@ in@ a@ particular@ form ， or@ shall@ contain@ or@ shall@ not@ contain@ any parti u r@ c uses@ or@ provisions， From@ and@ after@ the@ comi g@ into@ operati n@ of@any@ such Bye w@every@Member@sh2l@conform@thereto@in@all@contracts@and@engagements@entered@i to@by Ⅰ. Ⅰ. ・Ⅰ. Rm ， or@ engagement@ Bye-. Ⅰ. on@. his@ behalf. ， to@ whi. h@ the@ Bye-. being@ entered@ into@ by@ or@. on@. w@. Ⅰ. appli. S@. and@ in@ the@ event@. behalf@of@any@ Member@. w ， such@Member@sh3l@thereby@be@and@become@4sentit. respect@of@any@. Ⅰ. ss ， damage. ， c. Ⅰ. im ， or@li. Ⅰ. 5lity@i. of@any@. contract@. or. in@contravention@ of@such. d@to@protecti. n@or@i. dem. Ⅰ. ty@i. curred@during@the@currency@of@such@contract@or. engagement So@long@as@any@Member@@@ unprotected@or@uni demniied@in@consequence@of@the operation@of@this@rule ， he@shall@still@remain@equally@liable@for@contribution@to@the@claims@of@the ・. other@Members. ， but@there@shall@be@no@li ， however. Committee@shall. 5lity@on@the@part@of@the@Associ. ， be@at@ liberty ， but@shall@not@be@bound. be@ set@ off@ against@. may@. such@ contri. The@Committee@or@the@Associati. Ⅰ. ims ， The. ， to@the@intent@that@such. Member@to@the@extent@of@the@unpaid@contributions@for@which@he@is@liable clams@. tion@for@his@c. ， to@admit@the@claims@of@such. uti ns. n@in@Gener3@. Meeti. g@may@from@time@to@time@ater. ， amend. ，. Bye ， law@ made@ by@ the@ Committee@ under@ this@ru Ⅰ， WFtten@ noti e@shall@forthwith@ be@sent@by@post@by@the@Managers@to@the@Members@of@every Bye-law@and@of@every@alteration@in ， or@amendment@or@repeal@of ， a@Bye-law@under@this@rule;@and. or@ repe8@. any@. no@such@Bye-law. ， alteration. ， amendment. ， or@repeal@shall@come@into@operation@until@a@date@to@be. fixed@by@the@Committee@and@stated@@@ the@noti e@not@ea i r@than@ten@days@after@the@date@of@the noti e No@Byew ， nor@any@3terati n@i ， or@amendment@or@repe3@ of ， a@Bye-law@under@t Ⅱ s ru shil@ be@ retrospecti e@ so@ as@ to@ affect@ the@ ri hts@ of@ the@ Members@ @@ respect@ of@ any Ⅱ. ・. Ⅰ. Ⅰ. antecedent@. loss ， damage. ， claim@. or@ liability. 20.-Entered@ vessC@ deemed@ ful i sured@ by@ p0i y ， No@Member@sh3l@be@entitled@to@recCve@protecti n@in@respect@of@any@cl3m@which@@@ capab of bCng@insured@ag3nst@by@the@usu3@ form@of@L yd ， s@poli y@wih@the@colii n@or@running-down Ⅰ. Ⅰ. Ⅰ.

(10) 10@ (162) c. YOKOHAMA。USINESSヽEVIEW ， Vol XI ， No ・. use@i serted@or@attached;@or@in@respect@of@whi. Ⅰ. ・. 3・. h@ there@eXsts@a@ri ht@on@the@part@of@the. Member@to@recover@under@any@policy@which@may@have@been@effected;@and@in@estimating@and adjusting@the@claim@of@any@Member@he@shall@be@deemed@to@have@effected@the@said@usual@form@of p0icy@on@the@entered@steamshp@to@the@f the@samC@. proVded@that,@@@. Ⅱ. l@v3ue@thereof@and@to@be@entit. Ⅰ. the@amount@recoverable@by@virtue@of@any@poli. d@to@recover@under y@which@may@have. been@effected@by@any@Member@sh3l@exceed@the@amount@whi h@would@have@been@recoverab by virtue@of@the@said@usual@form@of@poli y ， he@shall@not@be@entitd@to@recei e@protection@in@respect of@ the@ amount@ recoverable@under@ the@ policy@ so@ effected@ as@ aforesaid Ⅰ. Ⅰ. 21 ， -Lying@. returns. up@. Whenever@any@steamsRp@shall@be@ @@ up@in@any@safe@port@for@the@space@of@fifteen@consecutive days@or@more ， the@commencement@and@termination@thereof@being@promptly@notified@in@writing Ⅰ. to. と. he. shilli. Manage. Ⅰ. s, the. and@ si. gs@. membershall. pence@. recelve. INDEMNITY@ The@fo. Ⅰ. Division@. wi. g@Ru. Ⅰ. s@re. Ⅰ. ln. a return. month@ for@ each@ hundred@. per@. te@and@app. espectthe. Ⅰ. eofatthe. Ⅰ. ateofseven. entered@ in@ ths@ DiVdi. n. DIVISION exc. Ⅰ. Ⅰ. tons@. Ⅰ. sive. to@steamshi. Ⅰ. s@entered@in@the@Indem. Ⅱ. ty. of@ this@ Class ， viz ， :-. 22.-The@. Members@ of@this@ Division@ shall@ (subject@ to@ these@ Ru s)@indemnify@ each@ other@ in of@each@ steamship@ entered@ therein@ against@ the@ following@ claims ， losses， demands ， Ⅰ. respect@. damages@ and@ expenses:(a )@ Loss@ or@ damage@ ・. of@ cargo. Cl ims@for@ ss@or@damage@caused@to@goods@or@merchan4se@shi ped@or@to@be@sRpped@on ， and@from@other@acts@or@occurrences@relating board@of@or@landed@from@each@entered@steamship to@such@goods@or@merchandise@which@have@happened@without@the@actual@faut@or@pri ity@of@the ， costs ， charges Member ， also@from@claims@arising@without@his@actual@fault@or@privity@for@damages and@expenses@in@excess@of@the@liabilities@covered@by@the@Associations@or@polici s@referred@to@in Rule@31.@But@no@claim@shall@be@allowed@for@loss@of@or@injury@to@live@animals ， or@for@loss@of@or Ⅰ. damage@to@frozen@meat fitti gs@for@catt. Ⅰ. ， etc ， or@loss@of@or@damage@to@refrigerators ・. or@other@special@cargoes. ， unless. ， condensers. ， so@far@as@frozen@meat@and@simi. ， oil@tanks Ⅰ. ， or. r@cargoes@are. ， the@Committee@have@approved@@@ w ti g@of@the@protecti e@c uses@@@ the@contracts of@carriage@and@ the@ instructions@ given@ to@ those@on@ board@ the@ the@ steamship ， or@ for@loss@ damage@consequent@upon@entered@steamships@not@being@fitted@as@requi ed@by@the@regulati. concerned. Ⅱ. Ⅰ. or ns. of@the@Rouen@Chamber@of@Commerce@for@the@carriage@of@grain@to@that@Port,@or@in@consequence of@the@omissi recommended@. n@from@the@Charter@Parti by@ the@ Committee. (b ， )@Other@. cargo@. claims. s@and@Bills@of@Lading@of@the@Rouen@Lighterage@clause. ・. In@the@event@of@any@claim@being@made@for@loss@or@damage@of@cargo@which@shall@not@be@covered by@the@foregoing@section@of@this@rule. @@ such@ Member. ， the@Committee@shall@have@power@to@deal@with@such@claim. ss@or@damage@shall@have@been@sust. Ⅰ. ， in@such@manner@as@they@may@consider@eq. Ⅰ. ，. ned@without@the@actual@faut@or@priVty@of@the Ⅱ. table ， having@due@regard@to@the@general. spirit@and@ intention@ of@the@ Members@ in@ forming@ this@Division (c )@General@ average@ not@ recoverable@ from@ cargo@ owners Cargo ， s@proportion@of@gener3@ average@or@special@charges@(where@c ・. Ⅰ. ims@@@ rspect@thereof. arise@whithout@the@actual@fault@or@privity@of@the@Member)@which@is@not@recoverable@from@the owners@of@cargo ， and@is@not@covered@by@the@Associ tions@or@polii s@referred@to@in@Ru 31;@but@a Ⅰ. deduction@shall@be@made@from@claims@consequent@on@the@vessel@running@short@of@fuel@of@double the@ value@ (at@the@ last@coaling@ port)@ of@the@ coals@saved (d ， )@ Board@. of@ Trade@. proceedings. In@cases@of@interference@by@the@Board@of@Trade@or@their@surveyors ， which@the@Committee shall@consider@unwarranted@ or@as@ requring@investi ation ， the@Associati n@sh3l@ protect@the Members@by@undertaking@their@defence ， and@by@conducting@proceedings@for@testi g@how@far.

(11) Transition@of@Shipowners. ， Liability@Laws@and@Changes@of@P. ・. &@I Clubs@in@the@U ・. ・. K. ・. (Takatada@Imaizumi)@. (163)@ 11. such（nterference（s『arranted ， and (in…ases‖pproved｛f｜y》he，ommittee)’or｛btaining redress@ for@ the@ Members ， but@ the@ Associati n@ shall@ not@ pay@ the@ expenses@ of@ repairs@ or 3terations (e. ・. ims@for@ ss@or@damage@i. Ⅰ. w. ・. damages@. incurred@. curred@by@such@steamshi. Ⅰ. priVty@of@the@ げ). or@ other@. by@ such@ Members. n，. C0lisi. ). C. demurrage@. ， or@ any@. Member. ， not@covered@by@. the@Assoc@. ， occurring@without@the@actu3@. ti ns@or@. p0i. ies@ referred@. faut@or. to@in@ Ru. 31. Ⅰ. 、，，isks. Claims’or〕oss｛r‥amage》o》he”ull｛r［aterials｛f‖ny《teamsHp‘ntered tHs．ivisi n ， or@for@expenses@p3d@by@a@Member ， consequent@in@Cther@case@on@the@capture@or@sCzure@of@such steamship. ， which@are@not@covered@by@the@Associations@or@policies@referred@to@in@Rule@31. occur『ithout》he‖ctu3 fa Ⅶ for@. t｛r｝ri. ity｛f》he｀ember ，. No…. Ⅰ. ， and. im《h3l‖ttach》o》 Ⅱ s．i i i n. ss ， damages@or@expenses@caused@by@the@act@of@a@bCligerent@or@an@i. Ⅰ. after@ hostilities@ have@ become@. imminent. surgent@if@the@Member. ， has@ had@ time@ to@ insure@ against@ war@. ，. risks. (g ， )@ Costs. The@costs ， charges@and@expenses@incurred@by@a@Member@in@prosecuting@or@defending@any action@or@other@proceeding@or@otherwise@in@relation@to@the@risks@hereby@indemnified@against i curred@ pursuant@ to@ R Ⅱ e@ 28 23.-Charter parti. and. s. Bills. Ladi g. of. It@shall@be@ wful@for@the@Committee@to@prescribe@by@Bye-law or@ for@ any@ parti ular@ port@ or@ ports ， or@ for@ any@ gener3ly@. ， from@time@to@time parti u r@ trade@. Ⅰ. ， whether@by@Charter-Party. contracts@of@carriage. i to@by@the@Members@sh3l@be@@@ parti ular@. c. From@. ns ，. Ⅰ. ， Bill@of@Ladi. a@parti u. uses@ or@ provisi. Ⅰ. ， if. Ⅰ. or@otherwise. g，. ， that@Cther or@ trades. ， the. ， to@be@entered. r@form ， or@sh3l@cont3n@or@sh3l@not@contain@any. and@ after@ the@ coini. g@ i to@ operation@. of@ any@. such. Bye- w@every@Member@sh3l@conform@thereto@in@3l@contracts@and@engagements@entered@into@by Ⅰ. Ⅱ. m. ， or@ on@ Ⅱ s@ beh3f. ， to@ whi. h@ the@ Bye-law@. apPi. S@ and@ @@ the@ event@. engagement@being@entered@ into@ by@ or@on@ behalf@of@any@ Member@in@ Byew ， such@Member@shall@thereby@be@and@become@4sentitled@to@protect@ Ⅰ. respect@of@any@. Ⅰ. ss ， damage. ， c. Ⅰ. im. ・. of@any@. contract@. or. contravention@of@such n@or@i. dem. ty@i. Ⅰ. or@li bility@incurred@duLng@the@currency@of@such@contract@or. So@long@as@any@Member@is@unprotected@or@unindemnified@in@consequence@of@the operation@of@this@rule ， he@shall@still@remain@equally@liable@for@contribution@to@the@claims@of@the. engagement. ・. other｀embers， but》here《hall｜e］o〕i bility｛n》he｝art｛f》he、ssociation’or”is…. ims. Ⅰ. Committee@shall. ， however. ， be@at@liberty. ， but@shall@not@be@bound. ns@for@which@he@is@li. Member@to@the@extent@of@the@unpad@contributi. claims may. be. set. off aganst such. The@Committee@or@the@Associ or@ repe@@. any@. contri utions. tion@in@Gener3@. The. ・. ， to@admit@the@claims@of@such. ble ， to@the@i tent@that@such. ・. Meeti. g@may@from@time@to@time@3ter. ， amend. ，. made@ by@ the@ commitee@ under@ th@@ ru sh3l’orthwith｜e《ent｜y｝ost｜y》he Managers》o》he｀embers｛f‘very. Bye-. Ⅰ. w@. Ⅰ. W Ⅱ tten noti e Bye-law@and@of@every@alteration@in. ， or@amendment@or@repeal@of. ， a@Bye-law@under@this@rule;@and. no@such@Bye-law ， alteration， amendment@or@repeal@shall@come@into@operation@until@a@date@to@be fixed@by@the@Committee@and@stated@in@the@notice@not@earlier@than@ten@days@after@the@noti. e. ・. N0. w ， nor‖ny‖lteratin（， or‖mendment｛r〉epe3 of ， a。ye- w「nder》his〉u sh3l｜e retrospective@so@ as@ to@ affect@ the@ rights@ of@the@ Members@ in@ respect@of@any@ antecedent@ loss ，. Bye ，Ⅰ damage. Ⅰ. ， claim@. or@ liability. 24.-Negligence. risk ，. No@Member@shal@have@any@claim@ag3nst@th@@ whi. Ⅰ. h@he@may@have@been@subjected@in@consequence@of@h@@. Divisi n@for@or@in@respect@of@any@deduction@to ha. Ⅴ. ng@contracted@for@the@carri. ge@of. goods仝ithout｝roper… uses‘xempting Ⅱ m’rom〕iability’or》he］egligence・ Ⅰ. in@ the@ navigation@ of@the@ steamship 25.-@Deductions. The@Committee@shall@have@power@to@make@a@deducti. n@of@not@exceeding@twenty@. per@cent. from@any@claim@upon@this@Division@if@they@shall@be@of@opinion@that@the@owner@of@the@steamship@in.

(12) 12 (164). YOKOHAMA@. BUSINESS@. REVIEW. ， Vol ， XI ， No ， 3@ (1990). respect@of@which@the@claim@is@made@has@not@taken@such@steps@to@protect@his@interests@as@he@would have@done@@@ he@had@not@been@i deduction@of@ten@per@cent. have@been@caused@ brokers. demniied@by@ths@Di. isi n ， The@Committee@shall@aso@make@a. ， from@all@claims@arising@at@Genoa@or@Savena. by@the@employment@of@the@. ， agents@or@stevedores@under@a@stipu. nomi. ， which. ， in@their@opinion. ees@of@the@Charterers@or@Consi. ，. nees@as. tion@in@the@Charter-Party@or@contract@of@carri. Ⅰ. ge. 26.-A@Member@shal@not@be@entitled@to@be@i deminiied@by@ths@Di isi n@@@ any@case@where@he has@recCved@i formati n@of@any@unauthorised@act@by@which@any@claims@for@ ss@or@damage@to ， against@whi h@he@cou have@protected@himsCf@by@insurance cargo@may@be@made@against@him after@ the@ receipt@ of@such@ information Ⅰ. Ⅰ. 27.-Minimum@ This@ Divisi. of@cargo@ cl3ms. amount@. n@ shall@ not@ be@ li b. in@ respect@. Ⅰ. of@any@. one@. cargo@. for@ any@ claim@. g. amounti. (exclusive@of@legal@charges@and@expenses)@in@the@case@of@steamships@of@800@tons@net@register@and upwards@to@ ss@than@forty@pounds ， and@@@ the@case@of@steamshps@under@800@tons@to@ Ⅰ. one@s. Ⅱ lli g@per@net@re8ster@ton. ， The@Committee@before@settling@and@passi. ss@than. Ⅰ. g@any@cl3m@shall. deduct@therefrom@the@sum@of@forty@pounds@in@the@case@of@steamships@of@800@tons@net@register and@upwards. ， and@a@sum@equ3@. to@one@shlling@per@ton@@@ the@case@of@steamshis@under@800@tons. net@register ， and@the@sum@so@deducted@shall@be@borne@by@the@Member cases@ approved@ by@ them ， protect@ any@ Member@ by@ undertaking@. i stituti g@ proceedi mentioned. for ，. gs@. ， and@testing@@@. any@. amount@. not@. ・. The@Committee@may against. Ⅱ s@ defence@. recoveraUe@ from@ ths@ Di isi n@. due@course@of@law@the@liability@of@such@Member. ， in ， or. above. as@. ， and@this@Divisi. n. sh3l@bear@the@expenses@attendant@upon@any@such@ g3@ proceedings ， but@such@Member@sh3l himself@pay@ the@ damages;@ provided@ always@ that@ the@ Committee@ shall@ have@ power ， in@cases Ⅰ. where@(in@their@opinion)@by@the@efforts@of@the@Member@or@the@Club@a@substantial@reduction@has been@made@in@any@claim@originally@exceeding@the@above-mentioned@limits@of@forty@pounds@or one@shilling@per@ton@respecti. e. Ⅰ. ， to@al. Ⅰ. w@the@reduced@amount@or@any@part@thereof@as@they@may. deem@ equitable@ notwithstanding@ the@ said@ limits 28.-Consent@. necessary@. before@. Before@any@legal@proceedi. legal@ proceedings. ・. gs@sh3l@be@taken@or@defended@. Member@in@respect@of@any@matter@covered@by@h@@. membership@of@t. in@the@ United@ Kingdom@by@any Ⅱ s@Di ii. n ， the@consent@of. w ting@shall@be@obtained ， otherwise@this@Di ision@will@not@be@li b for@any@part of@the@expenses@of@such@proceedi gs ， Shou proceedings@be@commenced@aganst@a@Member. the@Managers@@@. Ⅱ. Ⅰ. Ⅰ. abroad. ， such@consent@shall. ， if@practicable. ， be@obtained. ， but@in@any@event. ， the@Member@against. whom@ such@ proceedings@ are@ commenced@ abroad@ sh3l@ give@ prompt@ notice@ thereof@to@ the All@such@@ g3@ proceedings@sh3l@be@conducted@by@instructi ons@from@the@Managers ， Managers un ss@ otherwise@ directed@ by@ the@ Committee ・. Ⅰ. 29.-Shipping@. Federati. n ， etc. The@Committee@may@jo@@. @@ the@promoti. n@of， and@affⅠ i te@tHs@Di. Ⅴ. si n@to ， the@Shippi. g. Federation@or@any@other@Association@ which@may@be@ formed@ for@the@purpose@of@protecting ， indemnifying@and/or@ defending@ Shipowners@ against@ unreasonable@demands@ or@ actions@ of Trades. ， Unions@or@Combinations. terms@as@they@may@deem@desirable. ， or@the@consequences@of@such@demands@or@actions. ， upon@such. ， and@to@nominate@representatives@upon@the@Committee@of. the@sad@ShipPng@Federation@or@Associ. tion. ・. For@the@purpose@of@carrYng@this@Ru@@. i to@effect ，. the@ Committee@shall@ have@ power@to@contribute@ from@ time@to@time@to@the@ funds@of@the@ said Shipping@Federati n@or@Associ tion@such@sums@as@they@may@thi k@fit， and@to@make@ca upon the@Members@of@this@Division ， as@provided@by@Rule@7 ， for@the@purpose@of@r3si g@such@sums@as may@ be@ required@ for@ the@ said@ contributions Ⅰ. 30.-LYing@ up@ returns Whenever@any@steamship@sh2l@be@ @@ up@@@ any@safe@port@for@the@space@of@thi ty@consecuti e days@or@more ， the@commencement@and@termination@thereof@being@promptly@notified@in@writi g Ⅰ. コ.

(13) ・. ・. ・. Transition@of@Shipowners ， Liability@Laws@and@Changes@of@P &@I Clubs@in@the@UK (Takatada@Imaizumi)@ (165)@ 13 ・. to》he｀anagers ， the｀ember《hall〉eceive‖〉eturn（n〉espect》hereof‖t》he〉ate｛f》en｝ence. month@ for@ each@ hundred@. per@. 31.-Entered vessel. deemed. tons@. insured. fully. Every@steamship@entered@in@th@@. insured@by@the@ordinary@. entered@ in@ this@Division. DiVsion. policy， etc ，. by. ， and@its@frCght. ， sh3l@be@deemed@to@be@a. Ⅰ. eady@ful. Ⅰ. Mutual@ Marine@ Insurance@Associations ， or@by@ policies@at@Lloyd ， s@or. Marine@Insurance@Companies@with@the@Collision@clause@inserted@or@attached;@and@shall@also@be deemed@to@be@fully@entered@in@the@Protection@Division@of@this@Class ， or@in@some@other@Protection Associ. ti n@for@her@gross@tonnage@to@the@extent@of@not@less@than@@15@per@ton ， Detenti. Damage. n，. Thirds. shall@not@i demniy@the@ p0iCes. ， FrCght. ， and@also@@@. ， Demurrage@and@Defence@Associati. Members@against@the@risks@usual. ， unless@the@claim@exceeds@I@he@@. Ⅰ. ns. And@th@@. ・. covered@by@such@. Di. Small Ⅴ. si. n. Associati ns@or. limit@of@li 5lity@and@then@only@for@the@excess@of@such. limit. The@risks@covered@in@Protecti. n@and@IndemHty@Divisi. substance,@amost@same@as@those@under@the@Crcu constructi. n@of@the@above@Ru. therefore. ， that@the@Rules@of@P. Ⅰ. Ⅰ. ns@under@the@above@Ru. r@of@1886@as@quoted@@@. Ⅰ. s@of@1897@were. (4)@above@and@the@who. s@was,@@@ substance,@3most@same@as@that@of@subsequent@Ru ． &@ I ， C. Ⅰ. bs@were@standardi. ， i. Ⅰ. s，. Ⅰ. It@seems,. ed@before@or@after@the@standardi. ati n@of. various@ hull@ insurance@ clauses@ by@ the@ Institute@ Time@ Clauses-Hulls@ (1888) As@seen@in@Ru 17@(a)@of@the@above@Rules@of@1897.@expenses@consequent@upon@illness@exceeding ｣10@ at@ any@ one@ port@ became@ to@ be@ 2so@ covered@ by@ the@ above@ Associati n From@ now ， I@wish@ to@ trace@ the@ subsequent@ changes@ of@Rule@ 17@ (a)@of@the@ Rules@ of@the@ above gener3@ meeti gs@and@Crcu rs AssoCati n@by@referring@to@its@Rules,@noti es@of@hoding@of@annu3@ Ⅰ. Ⅰ. sent@ to@ i s@ Members. (6)@Ru. 17@ (c. Ⅰ. general@ mee. Ⅰ. use@. on@January@. ng@. Ⅰ. a)@proposed@ @@ the@ noti e@dated@January@. 20 ， 1900@of@hodi. g@of@the@ annual. 31 ， 1900. 17@(Cause@a)@Protectin@Di isi n-The@first@paragraph@to@be@expunged@and@the@f0lowi g Ru substituted: The@damages@and@hosPt3 ， medial ， funer3@ or@other@expenses@i curred@in@consequence@of ， personal@injury@to ， or@illness@of@any@person ， also@statutory@expenses@in@respect@of loss@of@life@of 4stressed《eamen ， and‘xpenses’or〕ie《alvage， w Ⅱ ch‖［ember［ay｜ecome〕i ble》o｝ay Ⅰ. ㏄. and@shall@pay@in@respect@of@any@such@steamship;@but@no@claim@in@respect@of@natural@sickness@ be@admitted@w c. Ⅰ. im. ・. Ⅱ ch@is@under@｣10@at@any@one@port. There@are@ three@di ferences@as@menti Rules@ of@ 1897@ as@ menti. (A)@By@addi. ， the@Member@beari. ned@bCow@between@the@above@. ned@ @@ (5)@ above. g@the@words@"or@other@expenses"@after@the@words@"hosPt3.@medi. expense@of@h@@ conveyance@to@such@port@as@pro h@succeeded@to@secti. (B)@Statutory@expenses@@@. Shpping@Act be@. Ⅰ. so@. covered. Ⅰ. l7(a)@ and@ that@of@the 3.@funer8",@expenses. ， or@di d ， or@was@brought@back@to@some@port@and Ⅴ. ded@@@ secti n@207@(1)@of@the@Merchant@Shi. n@228@(1)@of@the@Merchant@Shi. respect@of@ditressed@seamen@as@pro. ， 1894@which@succeeded@to@secti. ru. ・. of@subSstence@of@an@injured@crew@until@he@was@cured 1894@whi. g@the@first@｣10@of@any@such. ". Png@Act Ⅴ. Png@Act,. ， 1854@became@to@be@covered. ded@@@ section@ 193@of@the@Merchant. n@213@of@the@Merchant@Shi. Png@Act ， 1854@became@to. ，. (C)@As@regards@expenses@consequent@on@il. Ⅰ. ess,@the@exCusi n@of@such@expenses@under@@10@at@any@one.

(14) 14 (166). YOKOHAMA@BUSINESS@REVIEW. port@became@ annu@@. ， VO ， XI ， No. to@apply@to@natural@si kness@only Ru meeting@ hCd@ on@January@ 31 ， 1900@ Ⅰ. ・. gener3@. ・. 3@(1990). l7(a)@ of@the@ Rules@of@ 1900@ adopted@at@the as@ menti ned@ above@ provided@ as@ follows. (a， Loss of〕ie ， person3 i jury ， funer3 and medic3 expenses and life s3vage The@damages@and@hospit3 ， medic3 ， funer3@ or@other@expenses@incurred@in@consequence ). ・. of〕oss｛f〕ife｛f， personal（njury》o， or（llness｛f‖ny｝erson ， also《tatutory‘xpenses（n respect@of@distressed@seamen ， and@expenses@for@life@salvage ， which@a@Member@may@become. liable@to@pay@and@shall@pay@in@respect@of@any@such@steamship;@but@no@claim@in@respect@of naturZ si kness sh3l be admitted whi bearing@ the@ first@@10@ of@ any@ such@ claim. h. Workmen's@. C. Ⅰ. Compensati. ims’or. under. ｣10. at. any. one port ， the. Member. n@ Act,@ etc. ss｛f〕ie｛r｝erson3. Ⅰ. is. injury‖LSng . rCati n》o”andli g｛f》he…argo｛f. the@entered@steamer@from@the@time@of@receipt@alongside@or@on@quay@or@wharf@for@shipment until@ final@delivery@ notwithstandi Member@. ex@ quay@. g》hat《uch…. or@ Ⅰ. wharf@. ims［ay. aⅡ. or@. from@ alongside@ at@ the@ port@ of@ discharge ，. se「nder‖…ontract｛f（ndemⅠ ty｜etween》he. and@ his@ sub-contractor. While@ the@ 1st@paragraph@ of@Rule@ l7(a)@ in@ the@ above@ Ru s@ of@ 1900@ was@ same@ as@ Rule@ 17@ (a) proposed@ in@ the@ notice@ dated@January@ 20 ， 1900@ of@h0di g@ of@the@ annu3@ general@ meeting@ as mentioned@ above ， the@ 2nd@ paragraph@ of@Ru 17@ (a)@ was@ newly@ added@ as@ a@ res Ⅱ t@ of@the@ first ， s@ Compensation@ Act ， 1897@ ha Ⅴ ng@ apPi d@ to@ workers@ of@stevedoring@ contractors@ as Workmen exP3ned@@@ II@(4)@of@my@preceding@treatise@(Part@II-1) ， In@this@connecti n ， refer@to@the@2nd@and@3rd Ⅰ. Ⅰ. paragraphs@of@page@8@of@the@A. London@. ，S G ・. Report@of@1957@concer. Ⅰ. ng@the@above@Act@and@the@Liverpool@&. Club. (7)@The@amendment@to@Ru annual@. ・. gener3@. mee. Ⅰ. Ⅰ. 17(a)@proposed@@@ the@noti e@dated@January@25. ， 1902@of@holding@of@the. ng. Ru 17(clause@a)@Protection@Diisi n-To@add@the@f0 wing@new@clause:@"In@cases@of@outbreak of@p gue@or@other@contagious@4sorder@upon@the@entered@steamshi ， whereby@extraordinary g@｣40@are@i curred@at@any@one@port@for@disinfecti n@of@the expenses@to@an@amount@exceedi steamship@ or@ persons@ on@ board@ her ， or@ for@ quarantine@ expenses@ (not@ being@ the@ ordinary Ⅰ. Ⅰ. Ⅰ. expenses｛f〕oading｛r‥ischarging］or》he『ages‖nd/or｝rovisions｛f…rew｛r｝assengers) ， the@Member@shall@be@indemnified@against@the@excess@of@such@expenses@over@the@said@sum@of@@40. In@case@of@a@steamship@bCng@chartered@or@(not@being@under@contract)@ordered@to@proceed@to@a port@where@it@is@known@that@she@will@be@subjected@to@quarantine benefit@. under@. The@ ad4tion@ of@the@ above@ new@ clause@ was@ most@ probab prevailed@ throughout@. ， the@Member@shall@have@no. this@ clause ， ". the@ wo. (8)@The@amendment@to@Ru annual@ general@ meeting. Ⅰ. Ⅱ. Ⅰ. owing@ to@ the@ b ck@ p Ⅰ. Ⅰ. que@ whi h. d@ since@ 1894. l7(a)@proposed@@@ the@notice@dated@January@27. ， 1905@of@holding@of@the. ・. [email protected]@Clause@(a)@Protection@Division:@To@insert@after@the@word@"steamship"@in@the@4th@line. ， "also”osPtal， medic2 or’uneral‘xpenses ， or‘xpenses｛f《endi g”ome》he｀aster｛f‖n entered@ steamship ， in@ consequence@ of@ illness@or@ injury ， or@ the@ loss@ of@ such@ steamship (notwithstanding》he‖bsence｛f《tatutory｛bligation) ， where》he，ommittee…onsider《uch.

(15) Transition@of@Shipowners. expenses ought. ， Liability@Laws@and@Changes@of@P. not. charged against the. be. to. ・. &@I Clubs@in@the@U ・. ・. K. ・. (Takatada@Imaizumi)@ (167)@ 15. Master " ・. Though@the@i tention@of@the@iserti n@of@the@above@wordi g@is@not@c ar@to@me,@I@presume@that@as the@words@"hosPt3.@ medi 3@ or@funer3@ expenses,@or@expense@of@sending@home@the@Master@of@an .@@@consequence@of@illness@or@injury"@seem@to@be@nothi g@but@the@repetitin@of@such entered@steamshi expenses@a eady@covered,@the@expenses@newly@added@were@on those@for@sendi g@home@the@Master Ⅰ. Ⅰ. Ⅰ. in@consequence@of@the@. ss@of@the@vessC@. Ⅰ. for@which@the@s. secti n@ 193@of@the@Merchant@ShipPng@Act. shi Png@ Act ， 1854@ apPi presumpti. ， 1894@w. d@ to@ 4stressed@ seamen@. Ⅱ. and@ apprenti. n@may@be@supported@by@the@fact@that@@@. @@ prinCp. powner@was,@. Ⅰ. ,@not@li b. Ⅰ. ,@as. ch@succeeded@to@section@213@of@the@Merchant. Ⅱ. es@ on. It@ seems@. Ⅰ・. the@noti e@dated@February@6. that@ my@ above. ， 1924@of@holding@of. the@annu3@ gener3@ meeting@referred@to@@@ (13)@bCow,@the@repet@in@of@the@words@"hosPt3.@medi3 or@. funeral@ expenses"@. Master@. was@. @@ consequence@. omitted@ and@ only@ the@ wording@ "also@ the@ expenses@. of@the@. ss@. Ⅰ. of@such@. steamshi. ，，，@@ remaned. (9)@The@amendment@to@Rule@l7(a)@proposed@in@the@notice@dated@January@27 annu3@ gener3@ meeting Protect*. n@Di. respect@of@. ii. n@@@Ru. 17@ C. Ⅰ. Ⅰ stressed@seamen"@@@. Ⅰ. use(a). ・. @@To@i. the@3rd@line. of@repatriating@the. ， 1906@of@holding@of@the. sert@after@the@words@"statutory@expenses@i. ， the@words@"except@such@as@a. Ⅱ. se@out@of@or@ensue. upon@the@termi ati n@of@the@agreement@@@ accordance@with@the@terms@thereof ， or@by@ Ⅲ Ⅱ tu3 consent ， or｜y》he《ale｛f》he《teamship ， or｜y｛ther‖ct｛f》he｛wner ， but『ages《hall］ot｜e considered@. as@ part@ of@ the@. The@reason@for@the@i the@shi. said@ expenses. serti n@of@the@above@excepti. ， s@artic s@due@to@any@of@the@above@four@reasons Ⅰ. from@ becoming@. seaman@. (10)@The@amendment@to@Ru. the@ ditressed@. ， the@sRpowner@cou. Ⅰ. find@a@way@to@prevent@a. seaman. l7a)@proposed@@@. Ⅰ. n@may@be@that@@@ the@case@of@the@termi ati n@of. the@notice@dated@January@26. ， 1907@of@h0ding@of@the. annual. Ru. Ⅰ. 17.-C. use・. Ⅰ. ， Protecti. "Where@port@charges@are@i and no bunkers or pro. si. ns. are. ⅠⅠ. Ⅰ. Ⅰ. ・. ， the@above@wording@proposed@to@be@i. However. not@found@@@ not@. Ⅴ. To（nsert‖fter》he『ord・ 16th〕ine ， for@the@purpose@of@ nding@an@i jured@or@si k@seaman ， taken in ， such port charges are a wed in f@l ". i ion ，. n．i. curred@so. serted@in@rule@l7(a)@for@the@benefit@of@shipowners@is Rule@l7(a)@of@the@rules@of@1910@as@quoted@@@ (11)@be w ， though@the@reason@why@it@was. incorporated@. Ⅰ. in the. rules. is. not. clear. (11)@Rule@ 17@ (a)@of@ the@ Rules@ of@ 1910 (a )@ Loss@ of@life ， person3@ ・. The@damages@and@hospit3. i jury ， mCdi ， funer3@. @@ and@ repatri. ti n@ expenses. ， etc. or@other@expenses@which@a@Member@may@become@li. b. Ⅰ. to. pay@and@shall@pay@in@respect@of@any@such@steamship@in@consequence@of@loss@of@life@of i jury》o｛r（l of@distressed@. Ⅰ. ， personal ess｛f‖ny｝erson， expenses’or〕ie《a age ， and《tatutory‘xpenses respect Ⅰ. seamen@. except@. such@ as@ arise@ out@ of ， or@ ensure@. upon@. the@ terminati. n@ of@the. agreement（n‖ccordance『ith》he》erms》hereof ， or｜y［utual…onsent ， or｜y》he《ale｛f》he.

(16) 16 (168). YOKOHAMA@BUSINESS@REVIEW. ， Vol. ・. XI ， No. ・. 3@(1990). steamshi ， or@by@other@act@of@the@owner ， but@wages@shall@not@be@considered@as@part@of@the@said ， medi 3@ or@funer3@ expenses ， or@expenses@of@sen4ng@home@the@Master expenses;@3so@hosPt3 of@an@ entered@steamship ， in@consequence@of@illness@or@injury ， or@the@loss@of@such@steamship (notwithstanding@the@ absence@of@statutory@obligation) ， where@the@Committee@consider@such expenses@ought@not@to@be@charged@ag3nst@the@Master. ， No@claim@in@respect@of@natur@@. shall@be@admitted@which@is@under@@10@at@any@one@port such. c. si kness. ， the@Member@bearing@the@first@@10@of@any. im ，. Ⅰ. Claims@for@loss@of@life@or@personal@injury@arising@in@relation@to@the@handling@of@the@cargo@of. the@entered@steamship@from@the@time@of@receipt@alongside@or@on@quay@or@wharf@for@shipment until fin@ deli ery ex quay or wharf or from 3ongsi notwithstanding@ that@ such@ claims@ may@ arise@ under@ a@ contract@. the port of 4scharge ， of@ indemnity@ between@ the. at. e. Member. and. sub-contractor. his. ・. In@the@above@Rule@l7(a) ， all@of@the@amendments@to@Rule@17(a)@proposed@or@made@till@then ， except the@ proposals@ referred@ to@ in@ (7)@ and@ (10)@ above ， were@ incorporated ， but@ no@ reference@ to@ the Workmen. ， s@Compensati. n@Act ， 1906@is@found@in@the@above@Rule@l7(a). ， in@sPte@of@the@application@of. the@ above@ Act@ to@ seamen@ by@ the@ provisions@ of@section@ 7@ of@the@ Act As@materi ls@of@this@C b@during@10@years@after@1910@(most the@peri d@of@the@1st@world@war)@are Ⅰ. not@av8. Ⅰ. b. Ⅰ. Ⅰ. ， it@is@not@possi. Ⅰ. to@trace@the@changes@of@the@Ru. s@of@this@C b@du. Ⅰ. Ⅰ. Ⅰ. ng@the@above@peri. d，. but@it@is@presumed@that@the@Clubs@playing@an@active@part@during@the@above@period@were@War@Cl rather@than@P. ， &@I Clubs@as@during@the@civil@war@in@Spain@in@1936@to@1939@and@the@ensuing@2nd@world ・. war. (12)@Rule@ 17(a)@of@the@ Rules@ of@ 1920 of〕ie ， person3 injury ， medi and repat ati expenses ， etc hosPt3 ， medic3 ， funeral or other expenses which Member may become@li ble@to@pay@and@shall@pay@in@respect@of@any@such@steamship@in@consequence@of@loss@of person ， expenses@ for@life@salvage ， and@statutory life@of， personal@injury@to@or@illness@of@any@ expenses in respect of‥istressed seamen except such as arise out｛f ， or ensue upon the (a ，. ). Loss. The. @. Ⅱ. n. damages and. a. termination@of@the@agreement@in@accordance@wih@the@terms@thereof,@or@by@mutu@@ consent,@or by@the@sale@of@the@steamship ， or@by@other@act@of@the@owner ， but@wages@shall@not@be@considered@as part｛f》he《3d‘xpenseS hosPtal ， medi or’uner3 expenses ， or‘xpenses｛f《ending”ome 3. the@Master@of@an@entered@steamship,@@@ consequence@of@iless@or@ijury,@or@the@loss@of@such Ⅰ. steamship@ (notwithstanding@ the@ absence@ of@ statutory@ obligation) ， where@ the@ Committee consider《uch‘xpenses｛ught］ot》o｜e…harged‖gainst》he｀aste also｝ort…harges（ncurred so ⅠⅠ through@ ndi g@an@ijured@or@sick@seaman@and@the@net@ ss@to@owners@@@ respect@of Ⅱ. Ⅰ. banker@coals. Ⅰ. ， stores@and@provisi. ns ，. as@the@result@of@the@deviation. ・. No@claim@for@hospit@@. or. medical@expenses@in@respect@of@natural@sickness@shall@be@admitted@which@is@under@@10@at@any one@port. ， the@Member@bearing@the@first@｣10@of@any@such@c. Ⅰ. im ， but@the@Committee@may@in@thCr. sole@discretion@admit@as@one@claim@the@combined@claims@arising@at@more@than@one@port@when sickness《uch‖s’ever”as｜een…ontinuous‥uring》he」oyage‖nd”as］ecessitated［edical aSSlStanCe. at. than. more. One. PO. Ⅰ. 屯. Claims@for@loss@of@life@or@personal@injury@arising@in@relation@to@the@handling@of@the@cargo@of the‘ntered《teamship’rom》he》ime｛f〉eceipt‖longside｛r｛n〈uay｛r『harf’or《hipment until@ final@ delivery@ ex@ quay@ or@ wharf@ or@ from@ alongside@ at@ the@ port@ of@ discharge ， notwithstanding@ that@ such@ claims@ may@ arise@ under@ a@ contract@ of@indemnity@ between@ the. Member. and. Ⅱ. s. sub-contractor. By》he‖boveヽule〕7(a) ， not｛n. Ⅰ. port…harges｝roposed（n・.

(17) TranSti n@of@Shi owners. ， Li 6lity@Laws@and@Changes@of@P &@I C ・. net@loss@@@ respect@of@banker@co3s,@etc. Ⅰ. Conventions@. ss. Ⅰ. bs@@@ the@U ， K. n@regardi than@ one@. (Takatada@Im3zumi)@. ・. n@for@ ndi Ⅰ. 17. (169)@. g@an@i jured@or@si. g@the@Committee's@discreti n@in@settli port@ was@ i serted,@ but@ the@ MaTtime. k g. Act ， 1911@ did@ not@ affect@ the@ above@ Rules. (13)@ Alteration@of@Rule@ annu3@ general@ meeti C. Ⅰ. ， as@the@result@of@the@deviati. seaman@became@to@be@covered,@and@the@provisi ims@ for@ natur Ⅰ si kness@ ariSng@ at@ more@. c. ・. Protecti. @. 3.. 17(a)@ proposed@ in@ the@ notice@dated@ February@6 ， 1924@ of@holding@of@the g. Di. n. sion ，. Ⅴ. Ru. -. 17(a) ， To. Ⅰ. 3ter. the. ru. read. to. Ⅰ. fo. as. Ⅰ. ws:. "The@C3ms@and@hospita. ， medic3 ， funer3@ or@other@expenses@which@a@member@may@become liable》o｝ay‖nd《hall｝ay（n〉espect｛f‖ny《uch《teamship（n…onsequence｛f〕oss｛f〕ife｛f ， personal@ injury@ to ， or@ illness@of@any@ person@ (including@compensation@ for@ loss@of@life@ of@or ， by@reason@of@his@remuneration@and@the personal@injury@to@the@Master@or@any@officer@who@may nature｛f”is‘mployment ， be｛utside》he｝rovisions｛f》he仝orkmen ， s，ompensation、cts); also@expenses@for@life@salvage@and@statutory@expenses@in@respect@of@distressed@seamen ， except such@as@arise@out@of ， or@ensue@upon@the@termination@of@the@agreement@in@accordance@with@the terms@thereof ， or@by@mutual@consent@or@by@the@sale@of@the@Steamship@or@by@other@act@of@the Owner ， but@wages@shall@not@be@considered@as@part@of@the@said@expenses:@also@the@expenses@of. repatriating@the@Master@in@consequence@of@the@loss@of@such@steamship@(notwithstanding@the absence@of@statutory@obliation)， where@the@Committee@consi. charged@ against@ the@ Master;@ also@expenses@. er@such@expenses@ought@not@to@be. (not@being@ wages) ， which@ may@ be@ necessarily. incurred@@@ repatri ti g@or@deporting@substitutes@shipped@abroad@to@replace@members@of@the ， injury ， deserti n｛r｛ther…ause. crew『ho‥ie｛r‖re〕eft｜ehnd（n…onsequence｛f（l ess Ⅰ. where@@@. sole@4scretion@of@the@Committee@the@steps@taken@whch@res. expenses@coUd@not@reasonably@be@av0de4@. also@port@charges@incurred@so. ⅠⅠ. through@. an@injured@or@sick@seaman@and@the@net@loss@to@owners@in@respect@of@bunker@coals stores@and@. pro Ⅴ sions ， as@the@. result@of@the@deviati. nding. Ⅰ. ， insurance. n;@ 3so@cl3ms@. for@. ，. ted@@@ li Ⅰ lity@for@such. Ⅱ. Ⅰ. ss@of@life@or@. ，. person3. injury‖ si g re@ ti n》o》he”andli g｛f》he…argo｛f》he‘nteredヾteamsh@ from》he》ime of@receipt@3ongside@or@on@quay@or@wharf@for@shipment@until@fin@@ delivery@ex@quay@or@wharf@or Ⅰ. from@alongsi. e@at@the@port@of@discharge. ， notwithstanding@that@such@claims@may@a. Ⅰ. se@under@a. ty｜etween》he｀ember‖nd Ⅱ s《ub-contractor， The，ommittee［ay（ their@sole@discretion@admit@as@one@claim@the@combined@claims@for@hospital@or@medical@expenses in@respect@of@natur3@sickness@aTSng@at@more@than@one@port@when@s@ kness@such@as@fever@has been…ontinuous‥uri g》he」oyage‖nd”as］ecessitated［edi assistance‖t［ore》han｛ne. contract｛f（ dem. Ⅰ. 3. port. ・. ". The@words@"The@damages"@at@the@beginning@of@Rule@17(a)@which@had@been@used@for@many@years were@substituted@by@the@words@"The@c. may@be@that@the@words@"The@c the@ Workmen. ims"@wou. Ⅰ. ， s@ Compensati. The@parenthesi. ims". Ⅰ. n@. ed@words@@@. Ⅰ. ・. Though@the@reason@for@such@substitution@@@. be@sutab. the@4th@to@6th@li. 7.@Appli ation@ of@Act@ to@ such@ 13.. Act@sh3l@app. persons@. Definiti. are@. Ⅰ. es@of@the@above@Rule@seem@to@have@been@inserted@i as@. quoted@ bCow. seamen. to@masters. workmen@. for@including@lia5lity@for@compensati. Act ， 1906.. relation@ to@ sections@ 7@ and@ 13@ of@the@ above@ Act@. (1)@Th@@. Ⅰ. not@c. ， seamen@and@apprenti. within@. the@ meaning@. es@to@the@sea@ser. Ⅴ ce. ・・・. ， pro Ⅴ ded@that. of@this@ Act ，. ns ．. In@ this@ Act ， un. Ⅰ. the@ context@. ss@. "Workman"@does@not@i whose remunerati. otherwie@. Cude@any@person@emp n. exceeds two. requi. es ，. -. yed@otherwie@than@by@way@of@manu@@ bour hundred and fifty pounds year ， or person whose Ⅰ. Ⅰ. a. a. Ⅰ. ar,@i. n@under.

(18) 18 (170). YOKOHAMA。USINESSヽEVIEW ， Vol ， XI ， No. employment of‖…asu3 emp. Ⅰ. ・. 3・. nature‖nd『ho（s‘mployed｛therwie》han’or》he｝urposes｛f》he. yer ， s@trade@or@buSness. the@emp. Ⅰ. entered. ， s@fami. yer. i to. ， or@a@member@of@a@p0ie@force ， or@an@out@worker ， or@a@member@of dwCling@@@ Rs@house ， but ， save@as@aforesaid ， means@any@person@who@has. Ⅰ. works. or. under. whether@by@way@of@manu3@. contract. a. @ bour. of《er Ⅴ ce. ， clerical@work. or. apprenties. ， or@otherwise. Ⅱ. p. with. an. emp. Ⅰ. yer ，. ， and@whether@the@contract@is. expressed@ or@ implied ， is@oral@ or@ in@ writing;. The『ords・ or. ・・・. repatriating. be@ avoided;. ". in the. 13th. 17th. to. lines. of》he. above. Rule. were. aso. newly. added. I@wonder@why@the@provision@regarding@the@Committee's@discretion@@@ settli g@c ims@for@natur8 sickness@aTsing@at@more@than@one@port@still@rem3ned@in@the@above@ru ,@@@ spite@of@the@excepti proviSon@regarding@a@Caim@for@natural@sickness@under@｣10@at@any@one@port@haVng@been@deleted@i Ⅰ. Ⅰ. the@ above@. n. Rule. (14)@Amendment@to@Ru. 17@(a)@proposed@@@. Ⅰ. the@notice@dated@February@3. ， 1926@of@h0ding@of@the. annual@ general@ meeting Class@3.@@@Protection@Division. @@Rule@ l7(a). ・. ・. To@erase@the@words@"but@wages@shall@not@be. considered‖s｝art｛f》he《aid‘xpenses"（n》he》enth〕ine‖nd《ubstitute》he『ords・ shall@only@be@considered@as@part@of@the@said@expenses@when@payable@during@unemployment@due to@ the@ wreck@. or@ loss@ of@the@. Steamship. ・. ". reason for the above propos3 was apparently the passing｛f》he Merchant Shipping (Internation3@ Labour@Conventi ns)@Act ， 1925 ， section@ 1@ (1)@ of@which@ provided@ as@ f0lows The. Amendment@. of@section@ 158@ of@Merchant@. Shipping@ Act@ 1894. p｛n『hich‖《eaman（s‘mp yed Ⅱ s《ervice terminates@before@the@date@contemplated@in@the@agreement ， he@shall， notwithstanding@anything in@secti n@one@hundred@and@fifty-Cght@of@the@Merchant@Shi Png@Act@1894 ， but@subject@to@the 1-(1)仝here｜y〉eason｛f》he『reck｛r〕oss｛f‖《 Ⅱ. n ， be@entit. pro Ⅴ si ns@of@this@secti. Ⅰ. d ， @@ respect@of@each@day@on@which@he@is@in@fact@unemployed. Ⅰ. duri g@a@period@of@two@months@from@the@date@of@the@termi wages. ， at@ the@ rate@ to@ which@. (15)@Amendment@to@Ru annu3@. Ⅰ. he@. entit. was@. Ⅰ. ation@of@the@serVce,@to@receive. d@ at@ that@ date ，. l7(a)@proposed@in@the@notie@dated@February@19. ， 1930@of@holdi. g@of@the. general@ meeting [email protected] f0. Ⅰ. wing:. or@ become@. n@Di Ⅱ. iion. ・. Ru. Ⅰ. 17.(a)@To@add@after@the@word@"i. curred"@@@. line@ 14 ， the. n《ending‖broad‖《ubstitute’or‖ny｀aster｛r｛fficer『ho《hal”ave‥i d i capaCtated@. by@ il ess@ or@ accident Ⅰ. ， or". (16)@ Rule@ 17(a)@ of@ the@ Rules@ of@ 1930 (a )@Loss@of@life ， personal@ injury ， medical@and@ repatriation@expenses ， etc The@claims@and@hospial ， medical,@funeral@or@other@expenses@which@a@Member@may@become ， liable@to@pay@and@shall@pay@in@respect@of@any@such@steamship@in@consequence@of@loss@of@life@of personal（njury》o， or（llness｛f‖ny｝erson (including…ompensation for〕oss｛f〕ife｛f｛r ・. personal@injury@to@the@Master@or@any@officer@who@may,@by@reason@of@his@remuneration@and@the nature｛f”is‘mployment ， be｛utside》he｝rovisions｛f》he仝orkmen ， s，ompensation、cts);.

(19) Transition@of@Shipowners ， Liability@Laws@and@Changes@of@P &@I Clubs@in@the@UK ・. ・. ・. (Takatada@Imaizumi)@. ・. (171)@. 19. 3so‘xpenses’or〕ife《3vage‖nd《tatutory‘xpenses（n〉espect｛f‥istressed《eamen ， except. such@as@aFse@out@of,@or@ensue@upon@the@terminati n@of@the@agreement@in@accordance@wih@the terms@thereof ， or@by@mutual@consent@or@by@the@sale@of@the@Steamship@or@by@other@act@of@the Owner ， but『ages《hall｛nly｜e…onsidered‖s｝art｛f》he《aid‘xpenses ， when｝ayable‥uring unemployment@due@to@the@wreck@or@loss@of@the@Steamship ， also@the@expenses@of@repatriating@the. Master@in@consequence@of@the@loss@of@such@steamship@(notwithstanding@the@absence@of@statutory obli ation)， where》he，ommittee…onsi er《uch‘xpenses｛ught］ot》o｜e…harged‖g3nst》he Master;@3so@expenses@(not@being@wages) ， whch@may@be@necessaT i curred@in@sendi g@abroad ess@or a@substitute@for@any@Master@or@officer@who@sh3l@have@di d@or@become@incapaCtated@by@il acci ent ， or repatriati g｛r‥eporting《ubstitutes《 Ⅱ pped‖broad》o〉eplace［embers｛f》he Ⅰ. Ⅰ. crew@who@die@or@are@left@behind@in@consequence@of@ilness,@injury,@deser. Ⅰ. on@or@other@cause. ，. where@@@ sole@discretion@of@the@Committee@the@steps@taken@which@resulted@in@liability@for@such expenses…ou not〉easonably｜e‖voded;・ ⅠⅠ through n6ng Ⅰ. Ⅰ. an@injured@or@sick@seaman@and@the@net@loss@to@owners@in@respect@of@banker@coals stores@and@. pro Ⅴ si ns ， as@ the@res. Ⅱ. t@of@the@deviati. Ⅰ. ， insurance. 3so@cl3ms@for@. Ⅰ. ，. ss@of@lie@or@person3. injury‖rising（n〉elation》o》he”andling｛f》he…argo｛f》he‘nteredヾteamship’rom》he》ime of@receipt@alongside@or@on@quay@or@wharf@for@shipment@unt@@ final@de very@ex@quay@or@wharf@or from@alongside@at@the@port@of@discharge ， notwithstanding@that@such@claims@may@arise@under@a Ⅰ. demnity｜etween》he｀ember‖nd”s《ub-contractor ， The，ommittee［ay（ their@sole@discretion@admit@as@one@claim@the@combined@claims@for@hospital@or@medical@expenses. contract｛f（. @@ respect@of@natural@sickness@aFsing@at@more@than@one@port@when@sickness@such@as@fever@has been…onti port. uous‥uFng》he」oyage‖nd”as］ecesStated［edi 3 assitance‖t［ore》han｛ne. ，. As@seen@@@ the@above ， al@amendments@to@Rules@17(a)@proposed@@@ the@noties@of@hodi meetings@ during@ 1920's@ were@ i corporated@ @@ the@ above@ Ru. gener3@. g@of@annua. Ⅰ. (17)@Amendment@to@Ru gener3@ meeting. Ⅰ. l7(a)@proposed@@@ the@notice@dated@February@8 ， 1938@of@h0ding@of@the. annu3@. Class@3.@ Protection@Division Rule@l7(a)， To@insert@the@words@"securing ， engaging ， "@before@the "repatri ti g" in the si teenth line ，・. word. In@respect@of@amendment@to@rule@ l7(a)， the@above@is@the@only@proposal@found@in@the@notices@of hodi. of@annu3@. g@. It@@@ not@c. Ⅰ. general@ meetings@ du. Ⅱ. war@in@ Span@ (Ju. Ⅰ. the@ period@ from@ 1931@ to@ 1940. was@made@in@view@of@shortage@of@crew@due@to@the@ci. ng@. ar@whether@the@above@propos3@. 1936@to@ March@ 1939)@ and@the@ threat@of@outbreak@of@the@2nd@wo. Ⅱ. Ⅴ. l. d@war ， but. reflecting@such@unstable@world@situation@at@that@time,@most@of@the@amendments@to@the@Rules@proposed @@ the@ above@ notice@ dated@ February@ 8.@ 1938@ (18)@ Ru. 17@(a)@of@ the@ Ru. Ⅰ. (a ，. ). Loss. Ⅰ. s@. of〕ie ， person3. were@. those@ concerning@. war@. risks. of@ 1940 injury ，. me4c3. and. repatri. ti. n. expenses. ， etc. The…laims‖nd”ospital ， medical ， funeral｛r｛ther‘xpenses『hich‖｀ember［ay｜ecome liable@to@pay@and@shall@pay@in@respect@of@any@such@steamship@in@consequence@of@loss@of@life@of ，. personal@injury@to ， or@illness@of@any@person@ (including@compensation@ for@loss@of@life@of@or personal（njury》o》he｀aster｛r‖ny｛fficer『ho［ay ， by〉eason｛f”is〉emuneration ， and》he nature@of@his@employment ， be@outside@the@provisions@of@the@Workmen ， s@Compensation@Acts); ， except also@expenses@for@life@salvage@and@statutory@expenses@in@respect@of@distressed@seamen.

(20) 20 (172). YOKOHAMA@BUSINESS@REVIEW. ， V0. ・. XI ， No ． 3@ (1990). such‖s‖rise｛ut｛f ， or‘nsue「pon》he》ermiati n｛f》he‖greement accordance『ith》he terms@ thereof ， or@by@mutu3@ consent@or@by@the@sale@of@the@ steamship@or@by@other@act@of@the Owner ， but@wages@shall@only@be@considered@as@part@of@the@said@expenses ， when@payable@during. unemployment@due@to@the@wreck@or@loss@of@the@steamship;@also@the@expenses@of@repatriating@the Master@in@consequence@of@the@ ss@of@such@steamship@(notwithstanding@the@absence@of@statutory oUi ati n) ， where@the@Committee@consi er@such@expenses@ought@not@to@be@charged@ag3nst@the Ⅰ. Master;・. ， which［ay｜e］ecessarily（ncurred（n《ending‖broad. a@substitute@for@any@Master@or@officer@who@shall@have@died@or@become@incapacitated@by@illness@or acci ent ， or@@@ secuFng ， engagng. ， repatri ti g@or@deporti g@substitutes@sHpped@abroad@to replace members｛f》he…rew『ho‥ie｛r‖re left｜ehind in…onsequence｛f（llness ， injury ， desertion@or@other@cause ， where@in@the@sole@discretion@of@the@Committee@the@steps@taken@which. resulted@ in@ liability@ for@such@ expenses@ could@ not@ reasonably@ be@ avoided;@ also@port@charges incurred@ so ⅠⅠ through@landing@an@ injured@ or@sick@seaman@ and@ the@ net@ ss@to@owners@ i respect@of@banker@coas,@i surance,@wages@of@crew,@stores@and@pro Ⅴ si ns,@as@the@resut@of@the Ⅰ. deviation;@also@claims@for@loss@of@life@or@personal@injury@arising@in@relation@to@the@handling@of@the cargo｛f》he‘ntered steamship’rom》he》ime｛f〉eceipt‖longside｛r｛n〈uay｛r『harf’or shipment@until@final@delivery@ex@quay@or@wharf@or@from@alongside@at@the@port@of@discharge ， notwithstanding@ that@ such@ claims@ may@ arise@ under@ a@ contract@ of@ indemnity@ between@ the Member@and@his@sub. ・. ， pro Ⅴ ded@that@before@enteri. contractor. g@into@the@contract@the@Member. has@secured@the@approv3@ of@the@Managers The@Committee@may@in@the@@ sole@dicreti n@admit as@ one@ claim@ the@ combined@ claims@ for@ hospital@ or@ medical@ expenses@ in@ respect@ of@natural si kness‖Fsing‖t［ore》han｛ne｝ort『hen《ikness《uch‖s’ever”as｜een…ontinuous‥uri g ・. the@ voyage@. The@above@Ru. and@ has@ necesStated@. Ⅰ. medi. al@ assi tance@. at@ more@. than@ one@. port. l7(a)@was@same@as@that@of@the@Rules@of@1930@as@quoted@in@(16)@above,@except@the ned@ @@ (17)@ above. i serti n@ of@ the@ words@ as@ menti. (19)@ Amendments@to@Rule@17(a)@proposed@in@the@notice@dated@February@23. ， 1948@of@holding@of@the. general@ meeting. annu@@. The@ f0lowing@ alterati ns@ in@ the@ Rules@ will@be@ proposed@ for@ adopti Class. 3.. Protecti. Di. n. ii. n. ・. l7(a) ， To. Rule. fourteenth@line@and@to@add@the@fol. Ⅰ. delete the. words. ㏄. n:. bCng. not. wing@after@the@word@"avoided"@in@the@nineteenth@li. wages. Ⅰ. @. the e:. "but@wages@shal@on be@considered@as@part@of@the@sad@expenses@when@paya5e@whlst@awaiting duFng repatriation ， " Ⅰ. and. Class@ 3.@ Protection@ Division， Rule@ 17(a) ， To@ substitute@ the@ word@ "person"@ for@ the@ word "seaman"@. The. Ⅰ. through@. @@ the@ twenti. th@ li. e. tter｛f》he‖bove‖mendments《eems》o”ave（ tended》o…over｝ort…harges（ncurred《o ⅠⅠ Ⅰ. nding@. an@. injured@ or@ sick@ passenger@. (20)@ Amendment@to@Rule@ annual@ general@ meeting. 3so. ・. l7(a)@proposed@in@the@notie@dated@March@31. ， 1949@of@hoding@of@the. The@ f0lowing@additi ns@ to@ and@ 3terations@ in@ the@ Rules@ of@Class@ 3@ will@be@ proposed@ for adoption ， with or without modification:To@ delete@ from@ rule@ 17(a)@ the@ words:-. "(including@compensation@for@loss@of@life@or@personal@injury@to@the@Master@or@any@officer@who by@ reason@ of@h@@ remunerati n@ and@ the@ nature@ provisi ns@ of@the@ Workmen ， s@ Compensation@ Acts) ，Ⅰ. may@. of@h@@. emp. Ⅰ. yment. ， be@ outside@ the.