英語Ｉ９９年度夏学期期末試験問題 １年理系
［
A］ 次の文章の（１）〜（４）には、それぞれa,bのどちらの語句が当てはまるか、記号で答え なさい。
When I was a small child, my mother explained to me that our nerve cells are the telephone
wires of the b ody. But are they analog or digital? The answer is that they are an interesting
mixtureof b oth. Anervecellisnotlikeanelectricwire. It isa longthintub e alongwhichwaves
ofchemical changepass, likea trail ofgunpowderzzingalongtheground{ [a. exceptthat /b.
in that], unlikea trail of gunp owderthenerve so on recovers andcan zz againafter a shprt rest
p erio d. Theabsolutemagnitudeofthewave{thetemparatureofthegunpowder{mayuctuate
as it racesalong the nerve, [a. and this is highly relevant/ b. but this is irrelevant]. Theco de
ignoresit. Eitherthechemicalpulseisthereoritisnot,liketwodiscretevoltagelevelsinadigital
telephone. To thisextent, thenervous systemis[a. analog / b. digital]. Butnerve impulsesare
not drago oned into bytes: they don't assemble into discrete co de numbers. [a. Therefore / b.
Instead],thestrengthofthemessage(theloudnessofthesound,thebrightnessofthelight,maybe
eventheanalogyoftheemotion)isenco dedastherateofimpulses.
［
B］ 次の文章を読んで下の設問に答えなさい。
The notion that past memories endure in the brain, though in a somewhat less literal, less
mechanical form, is anidea that hauntspsychoanalysis{ and the great autobiographers,as well.
ThussFreud'sfavoriteimageofthemindwasasanarchaeologicalsite,lled,layerbylayer,withthe
buriedstrataofthepast(butonewheretheselayersmayriseintoconsciousnessatanytime). And
Proust'simageof lifewasas\acollection of moments,"thememoriesof whichare \notinformed
ofeverythingthat hashapp enedsince"and remain\hermeticallysealed,"likejarsofpreservesin
themind'slarder.
Thisnotionofmemoryasa recordor storeissofamiliar, so congenial,tousthat wetakeitfor
grantedanddo notrealizeat rsthowproblematic itis. Andyet allofus havehadthe opp osite
exp erience, of \normal" memories, everyday memories, b eing anything but ( A ) { slipping and
changing, b ecoming mo died, whenever we think of them. No two witnesses ever tell the same
story, and no story, no memory, everremains the same. A story is repeated, gets changed with
every repetition. It was exp eriments with such serial storytelling, and with the remembering of
pictures,that convinced FredericBartlett, inthe 1920sand1930s, that thereis nosuchentityas
\memory,"but onlythedynamicpro cessof\rememb ering."
1. (a)
フロイトと
(b)プルーストの二人は、 脳に残る記憶のイメージ をそれぞれどのようなものにた とえているか、日本語で答えなさい。
2.
空欄
(A)に当てはまる単語を次の中から選び、記号で答えなさい。
a. ordinary/ b. strange/ c. shaky/ d. xed
3. FredericBartlett
は、実験の結果、人間の記憶に関してどのような結論に達したか。「〜ではなく
〜」という形で日本語で答えなさい。
［
C］ 次の文章を読んで下の設問に答えなさい。
Herewas arace ofcreaturescapable ofremoving portionsoftheir anatomyat will. Eyes,arms
{ and maybe more. Without batting an eyelash. My knowledgeof biology ( 1 ), at this p oint.
Obviouslytheyweresimpleb eings,uni-cellular, some sortof primitivesingle-celled things. Being
nomoredeveloped thanstarsh. Starshcan
(2)
dothesamething,youknow.
i read on. And came to this incredible revelation, tossed o co olly bythe author without the
faintesttremor:
... outside the movie theater
(3)
wesplit up . Part of us went inside, part over to the cafe for
dinner.
Binary ssion, obviously. Splitting in half and forming two entities. Probablyeach lower half
wenttothecafe,it b eingfarther,and theupp erhalvesto themovies. I readon,handsshaking. I
hadreallystumbledontosomething here. Mymind reeledasI madeoutthispassage:
Whichwasfollowedby:
... andBob says
(5)
hehas utterlyno guts .
1.
空欄
(1 )に当てはまる語句を次の中から選び、記号で答えなさい。
a. provedinsucient
b. camein handy
c. wasnolongerreliable
d. turnedouttob e accurate
2.
下線部
(2)の意味を具体的に書きなさい。
3.
語り手である
\I"は、下線部
( 3 )の意味をどのように取り違えたのか。次の文の空欄に適切な日 本語を補って答えなさい。
{
正しくは「
(a)」という意味で使われているのに、語り手は「
(b)」という意味だと誤 解した。
4.
下線部
(4)の意味に最も近いものを次の
a〜dの中から選んで、その記号を書きなさい。
a. IwasextremelyhappywhenIdiscoveredthispassage.
b. I wasgreatlyinspiredwhenI wrotethispassage.
c. I feltquitedizzywhenI understo odthispassage.
d. I wastotallydisapp ointedwhenI readthispassage.
5.
語り手である
\I"は、下線部
( 5 )の意味をどのように取り違えたのか。次の文の空欄に適切な日 本語を補って答えなさい。
{
引用文中ではは「
(a)」という意味で使われているのに、語り手は「
(b)」という意味 だと誤解した。
［
D］ 次の文章を読んで下の設問に答えなさい。
Ripples ona p ond are examples ofbroken symmetry. Anidealmathematical planehas a huge
amountof symmetry: everypartofitisidenticaltoeveryotherpart. Youcan translatetheplane
throughanydistancein anydirection, rotateit throughtanyangle ab outanycenter,reectit in
anymirrorline,anditstilllo oksexactlythesame. Thepatternofcircularripples,in contrast,has
(1 )symmetry. Itissymmetriconlywithresp ectto(A)ab outthep ointofimpactofthep ebble,
and (B )in mirrorlines that run throughthat p oint. No ( C), noother ( A ),no other ( B).
Thep ebblesbreaksthesymmetryoftheplane,inthesensethatafterthep ebblehasdisturb edthe
p ond,manyofitssymmetriesarelost. Butnotall,andthat's whywesee apattern.
However,noneof thisis suprising, b ecause ofthep ebble. Youwouldbemore surprised{ alot
more surprised{ ifa p erfectly atp ondsuddenlydeveloped a seriesof concentriccircular ripples
withoutthereb einganyobvious(2 ). Youwouldimaginethatp erhapsash beneaththesurface
haddisturb edit,orthatsomethinghadfalleninandyouhadnotseenitb ecauseitwasmovingto o
fase. So strongis theingrainedassumption that patterns musthaveevident causesthat whenin
1958theRussianchemistB.P.Belousovdiscoveredachemicalreactionthat(3 )formedpatterns,
apparentlyout ofnothing, hiscolleagues refused tob elieve him. Theydidn't b othercheckinghis
work:
(4)
hewasso obviouslywringthatcheckinghisworkwouldb e awasteoftime.
1.
空所
(1 )に入れるのに最も適切な表現を選びなさい。
a. p erfect/b. as much/c. more /d. less/ e. no
2.
空所
( 2 )に入れるのに最も適切な語を同じ段落から探して答えなさい。（単数か複数かは問わな い。）
3.
空所
(3 )に入れるのに最も適切な表現を選びなさい。
a. p ositively/ b. exp ectedly/ c. willingly/d. sp ontaneously
4.
下線部
(4)は誰の考えを述べたものか。日本語で答えなさい。
5.
空所
(A),(B),(C)には次の三つの単語のうち、いずれかが入る。どの単語があてはまるかを、それ ぞれ記号で答えなさい。
a. reections/b. rotations/ c. translations
［
E］ 次の各文(1){(5)には、余計な単語がそれぞれ一つずつ含まれている。正しく意味が通るた
めに取り去るべき単語を書きなさい。
Whenandwhydidthisfo otlo osesp eciestakeofromAfrica? (1)Undoubtedly,reasonedanthropol-
ogists,H.erectusmadeabreakthroughthattheyletitthriveinamuchbroaderrangeofconditions
thanitwasaccustomedto. (2)Andtherewasnodirectevidenceofa majortechnologicaladvance
that could plausibly havedone the trick. (3)Excavations of sites dating back 1.4 million years
B.P., 4,000 centuries after H. erectusrst appeared, were uncovered multifacetedhand axes and
cleavers muchmore nely fashioned thanthesimplestone toolsusedb efore. (4)These high-tech
implementsarecalledAcheuleanto ols, shortlyafterthetownofSt. Acheul,inFrance,wherethey
wererstdiscovered. (5)Withb etterto ols,go estothetheory,H.erectuswouldhavehadaneasier
timegathering fo o d.
以下はテープを聴いて答える問題です。
画面に画像が映ることはありません。
［
F］
Listen to thetapeand answerthe questions. The tap e willb eplayed twice.1. Give the two english words that the sp eaker used to characterize Jan Breugel's(not Ver-
meer's)painting.
{( )and( ).
2.
ブリューゲルとフェルメールの絵の違いは、ヨーロッパで家の性格がどのように変化したことを反 映しているか。次の空欄に適切な 日本語 を補って答えなさい。
{( )
であった家が
( )になったこと。
3. 2.
の問いで答えたような家の性格の変化は、どのような歴史的変化に伴って生じたと言っている か。 １０字程度の日本語 で答えなさい。
［
G］
Listen to the tap e and answer the questions in English. The tap e will b eplayed twice.
1. Whopro duced themostreliablestreetmapsofmoscow?
2. Whob oughtthesemaps? Answerin 2words.
3. Whatmadethefalsicationofmaps meaningless? Answerin3words.
4. WhatwasPresidentGorbachev'sattitudetowardtheformergovernment?
Cho osetherightanswer.
a. Hewaslargelyfavorableto itsp olicies.
b. Heapprovedofisp oliciesexceptthemisdrawingofmaps.
c. Hewaslargelycriticalofitsp olicies.
［
H］
Listen to the tap eand ll in the blanks. The tap ewill b eplayed twice.FrancoMagnaniwasb ornandgrewupinPontito,butwhenhemadethispaintinghewaslivingin
Americaand
(1)
his birthplacefordecades. Hepaintedeverything
frommemory. ThisishisPontito,thevillagehelivedinas achildin the1930sand40s.
Intherstthirtyyearsofhislife,Franco
(2)
. Butin1965,when
hewasthirty-one,hecamedownwithastrangeillness. He
(3)
,lost
andhousesofthevillagehe'd lovedsomuch,
(4)
.
Likemostmonsterlmsforentertainment,thestoryofMothraisprettysimple: lifewaspeaceful
inInfantIslandb eforeCivilizationbroughtnuclearb ombs. HeretheWestsdestructivetechnology
is
(5)
thegreenharmonyofaPolynesianparadise. FromtheWestalsocomesthe
villain, who kidnaps the island's Little Twin Beauties
(6)
. Then
Mothra,theirProtector,hatchesandcomestotheirrescue.
There'saquestion
(7)
: wherearewe,theJapanese,inthispicture
ofthedestructiveWest vs. thep eacefulSouth Pacic? Dowe
(8)
ofcivilization,orarewesomehowdierentfromtheWesternersandtherefore,somehow,inno cent?
［
I］
Listen to the lecture and answer the following questions in English.テープが
流れる前に３０秒ほどのポーズがあります。問を読んでおくこと。
1. Other thanNewton's apple,two thingsare mentionedas havinganteredthefolklore. What
arethey? Putonewordin eachblank.
( )'s( )( )and( )'s( ).
2. Accordingto Newtonhimself, whatdidherealizewhenhesawanappleandthemo on? An-
swerinseveralwords.
{Herealizedthesameforcethatmadetheapplefallmightexplainwhy .
3. Accordingto somehistorians, Newtonmayhaveinventedthestoryab outtheappleb ecause
a. anapplehasthesameshapeas themo on.
b. healwaysateaco okedapplelateintheevening.
c. hewasworriedabouta rivalscientist.
