宍道湖における水鳥、魚類及び二枚貝中のダイオキシン類の異性体組成について

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(1)Isomer Compositions of PCDDsIDFs and Coplanar PCBs in Waterfowls, Fishes and Shellfish from Lake Shinji Y O U ~ - ~ EKANG O K 'I,Masumi YAMAMURO2), Shigeki MASUNAGA ')I) and Junko NAKANISHI Synopsis Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxinslfurans (PCDDsIDFs) and dioxin like PCBs (coplanarPCBs ; IUPAC NO. #81, #77, #126 and #169) were determined in waterfowls (common cormorants and tufted ducks), and their preys (fishes and shijimi clams) from Lake Shinji food web. PCDDs/DFs and coplanar PCBs were detected in all the biological samples. The mean concentrations on dry weight basis of total PCDDslDFs determined from the various species were 21 pg/g for goby, 36pglg (range ; 15-72pglg) for sea bass, 53 pglg (40-66 pglg) for gizzard shad, 59 pg/g for large-eyed herring, 76 pg/g (24-147 pglg) for common cormorant, 144 pg/g (83-204 pglg) for tufted duck and 526 pglg (3 13-767 pglg) for shijimi clam, respectively. On the other hand, the total coplanar PCBs concentration varied between the various species from a mean low value of 56 pglg (41-75 pg/g) in shijimi clam to a mean high value of 589 pglg (323-1020 pg/g) in common cormorant. The proportion of coplanar PCBs-TEQ to the total TEQ (C PCDDs + C PCDFs + C Coplanar PCBs) concentrations in all biological samples was about 60%. The distribution profiles of PCDDsIDFs isomers in common cormorants and other biological samples from Lake Shinji were considerably different. Namely, toxic 2,3,7,8-chlorine substituted compounds in common cormorants were more predominant than those in the other samples. The sum of 1,3,6,8 and 1,3,7,9-TeCDD concentrations in tufted ducks, some fish samples and shijimi clams are greatly contributed to the total PCDDsIDFs concentrations. The occurrence of these isomers in biological samples suggests that environmental media in Lake Shinji had been affected by CNP used in the past.. ' FI+t2#?%@S%Bj %@&%ERR%BS% Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation 2,. 3,. *). 1%$3%7P%, f&EH&fi,%?Ti&EEb Department of Marine Geology, Geological Survey of Japan $g@m*AyBE$$yiz 2 9 - E E g @ I y H % z Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Environmental Science & Technology, Yokohama National University. ~%&B*AqB%$$q-k29 -BE&&@Bq@%z Department of Environmental Risk Management, Institute of Environmental Science & Technology, Yokohama National University (1999. + 11 a 1 agm).

(2) a&l= 2ZrnTBBLlzHmt%"f 27"lLa)b,*,% i!?.rF, PCDDs/DFs 6~$$Q31phI-%%&%%jke% ( 5 ~ a3l . 9 ~22179 ) C J 1994 ~ % 11 a iz43L'7,& < aR%%fi<rt-aS+&+R%t:+k 19% F 12 a tr&@a]aZBRtri3>dh9 TS&E 6%@&&LTb\5, %iz, @ Z ~ i & z t L b a A L7z@#2RL\Tz0 ,%BU%~>&%~~Y~~ILC~:: I~%as%~ke%fi~&%o>h%%%%2R&L hbo>*,%%o>k8mk LTFB$h6fiB (2X' +, =I]-)P, " f y A , -?-/\+) 2T-7b9.y: L, k b+@*&%*%izx9 T%$4fd%@&% 26z2d'fiiR$tLTL\60 Z~EIDPI%%\$%&L L, %RE%%T-20°CJXFT&@@@ L %g 3"/~-7~a-WT& 6PCDDs/DFs &U4?tL 2 7z, 9 27°~L69~@f$Jf7'b~/7$%C2 Table 1 iZ/f;T, % ~ E L L ~ Z % ~ % % % ~2 T% Lk \ b~ h 6 Coplanar PCBs C&flEfi%R@+Bfi43& < , @bj TSZ T%9Tz&, sEP&%B@e@T&%%o>&R %S$~PE*B~Z&BBT~%$~~ Ir + k b h TL\6.2 a> 5 l's~@BFi$CZ&%B@o>~,6i~ 4kB-f-5 t b i~%3Tl&%6bb?T, &%J&$k$K 1.. -. a. $%%Ti3 PCDDs/DFs 2 Coplanar PCBs DE!k !k#!h-o>!kB~#3+B??&3-f-6 7z&, %%8Q~3* B&%%2@ 9 ktf%S&7Tfs-r> 7zo% ~ ~ i 3 & %;f;Dfi4@731fd~E*@T& 67": &, &@fd*,%df@. LT$lJHLTLh6, z z-Ti3, % ~ ~ i z 7$7 2 1 $&H@@t&@*+&2€%T&6 +2P u/+u, Fig. 1. Lake Shinji and sampling points. TLTTak8m2fd6fi%2I&EB (-?T b? ;sampling point of shijimi clam 9-z??%%a ) %EL, &!k%@tzg%LT~G5 A ;sampling point of waterfowls PCDDs/DFs EU Coplanar PCBs T)d/LIr T 0% ;sampling point of fish samples %@aiz9L\T&z$&fT+d9 72. PCDDs/DFs K63%&< a>R+$#fi<5r$E.f-6$, 2.2 s-#?%:i5 -EizR*,%B+&Bf2 2a*F9tci3*izg+!k $@f%T63 PCDDs/DFs 2 Coplanar PCBs (no8 73$3&b\ 2,@.23&52,3,7,B ~Q%%E@@fi:g% L ortho #a& ; IUPAC No. #81, #77, #126, #169) TL'6 2%2 b h (Stalling b ; 1985, Whittle 2~?fi%&!t=&& Ir LTz, %~SF$Ir L-c*,%% 6,1992 ; Loonen b,19941, th%TD@f%tt o>%-*Cd:f%Ia (a$f%%lZ) 2,%% 2 WBC&*& %kL~-(r3$F 2,3,7,8IG%%E&#tz~"Pa~l3~r~ 2$=€.2?-4 $L1 @$#i&qg, - Y pu ~ $ 29 &9fsL ? 2 T,7pr@~Ti3%igma&@Js~J ??FBL\-CY .;IP ;i: V--M%~7TL\flE8tj??%~ L o>9Efihbq37~#2,3,7,8lQa%E%#%%bjT Tzo Y Y P x ~-%87&i3@&$L2 99 u u $ 9 &S+%& Ir Lk , ~@%+lzR% LTz, flEAfiB~3B3ZiZ$+ EIh7zflB fi'r)Bh+-tf2TZ%L, 1mL Z?@->TZ 2. SBBZE-'W;#i2Xi?i &r-+!f?&%cd Lfz$Bl ;ir~S&il~6&&T:. &i&@k. *itrB& LTL\~*>%D@,&&+%a,%. \,. 2.1. m%Hs@eBuz%. ~L\T~+-tf~izg.~LT~z;az1;o>agafi.n.t~~. ~aff-%a-tf~7~1~aa~bfi~;tja%sm c at~@ EP &kj'G3 9PCDDs/DFs Ir Coplanar PCBs g*%d$. 6.4m,#l#E@fis. 80 kn?o>%&??$$9$5. 2%iE3p67z&, l+i!$g@%J% (13C 7 d / b / C PCDDs/DFs 16 %##, Coplanar PCBs 4 sf&@) 2~%hULfro 5 0 f 8 3 Y ~7.;17"23@22 LT%@ @@, 9 Y % F / m - f 4 , 7 / L < - f 8 7 A , rt-L 500-2400mg. I-' a,E*b~jt~f~ b \ 6 T ~ + % E B B ? Y % ! ~ / L ~ ~ A DY P27yY (Fig.11, -Ei~'&*?@%T63%6*f%!k@i~A~2 &?Tf. 9 Tzo T&*+&E+%+%%&,E\.f-6 fz@, @a@@+$ PCDDs/DFs JkU Coplanar PCBs 0 ZEi3 d<&6 2 2;5fi<$L\, %i$!#ja>%g%Ck,@J,.f-5% 8%@%;f3 3' ' U2 7 b 777 (Hewlett Packard Bfi;57 s i c k 9 , B $&A~>?T b 9.Y5 a& 6890 Series) 2&B@%g&%?fi$'r (Micromass' E%kLT%k<@bhTL\6, Zfc, G+%& Autospec - Ultima) ??RL\T EI-SIM ?&TfT7'27 < aB 9 ,%fi%l&i&k LTEBiQ??%rJR LTV Tz, %S%$'Zta>%%%~;t: 10,000 (10% valley) a, UkTfTfd-> 7c0 PCDDs/DFs CT)$IIJZ~Z$~~\T. *MBT&~.#lo>ElrcllizC3i@jo> 70%~3?%7fY2# % LTL\6 g l p J Id%n L,R.r~Jl r3&%/nz '* & &fGLTb\6 P%fix%@ LTL\F~TZ@I, %%8Qi3..

(3) 0 ? 4 Z , ~2,3,7, T ~ ~IC%%E&#&%~IZ% ~f mL7z$?g@??%&67z&, DB-5 ( J & W Scientific ; 0.25mm i. d. X 60m length) 2 DB-17. (M+2)'(@&IL cj; 371 3(M+2)+ 2 (M+4)') 0$&g k ~ 4 ~ s i i $ i jE, st 1 5 % u ~ a , s ~ ~ % a, -g~a. (J & W Scientific ; 0.25mm i. d. X 60m length) 75 7ATBIJ$????i&?-> 7"ro -2Coplanar PCBs a>. 3' 'fA6?83t\TRyan b(1991)d4@~LTL\6$@% #a,@tfj%l+ir@L\Z+!k&7ff237z03?z%&Zt $$I3U. S,EPA1613 %E (1994)CL%& LT??if29 7zo. & to-3'2 LTRZL7zo~$!%%R~Z?~L\R+!&I% Cr--3~~7t&fg#JR#ltfj@a,-7~7 5 3'9 Y b. Bgb3 DB-5 37A &HLWtIqZ&?f7'23fz0 PCDDs/DFs ED Coplanar PCBs ~ l 4 ~ b d7;7~ X. (T/\+). Table 1. Details of biological samples collected from Lake Shinji.. Scientific name. Common name. Waterfowl. Tufted Duck .. Common Cormorant. (37 9) Fish. SeaBass 3%) . _(..-x ....... i...... Gizzard Shad. Bivalve. Shijimi clam. Figures in brackets. 3. 4% E 3 . 1 PCDDs/DFs. [. 2284.3. 12.8. 122.3. 28.7. 126.7. 30.8. Whole. 9.1. 15.2. 24.4. 10.0. 3. Whole. .-. ..... 2. Sardinella zunasj. 1. .. .. 12.7. Muscle. Konosirus punctatus. 9. 895.5. 4. Whole. .. Goby. Muscle. PhaIacrocorax carbo .. Large-eyed Herring. L22-.,Pj. ....... (% of dry wt.). 5. Lateolabrax japonicus. L2,.L-?.!? 2. Whole bady wt (g). Aythya fuligula. ~.~-/.~_EL_I..?..~.~. Dl. Lipid content. Analytical part. '. ..... .. ...----- -.- . . . . . .. Acanthogobius jlavimanus. 1 [2]. mole. Corbiculajaponica. 3 [101. Whole. . . . .. -. 5.8. 1 indicate the number of samples pooled. glffb34=Y3 uI\.;;;P a,I/d/Ld:75 79A 9 g. BU Cop lanar. PCBs CD%BSE. ~~~-p$$$&~Z':'"p1\90 ~SBa>+it:P o - 9 ~(5 8&#> WD9@iTha7579 (4 & # ) #hir%@ L n \ a PCDDS/DFS ~7. +. a>Rl'$#@~$?g%%?? Table 2 ir%To 37: 4 %%a,& (Xx+ ; 3 &#, 2 1. < , ~?D&B$%~$%@G~ 83-204 pg/g (UT%g &hi??9 Th 9 , q%%$&i3 144 pg/g Th7zo-%, 75 79(JIM PCDDs/DFs @@~$%mb324 -147 pg/g ($$#?T%J!F ;! 76 lpg/g) Th 97zo. - V - Y / ~ ; 1 &#, -?)\-I? ; 1 &#) Y o ; 2&#, k?~' b 9.2-Z (3 8&#) a>%fi%%% Table 3 CrS L7z0 PCDDS/DFS Crbd;1 %%/C/C&M;3% 8. 75792kd,4=Y3'~1\9aa,BI$JTbd;&&< a> PCDDs/DFs Rt!k#A%?i2&! L,8 2,3,7,8 iiL&% f@#~?3$: k41LA42,3,7,8 iG%%E@#k 9 ~L\!i$6?5 L7z0%IZ 1,3,6,8-TeCDDa> I/4Lb3 f&QI9$+$%A 9 2-3 fi?BL\!$lT&tfj$hf($$ z. %S/C/C~@~ T210 @I a>gt!k#d4~~3-a $4, $@%T b 3 4 %%/khh b 8 %%/C PCDDs/DFs 3 T &%FrH%ME 2 L7zo %fi%%, -YTb 99-Z. a>%-%+!k#O@ PCDDs/DFs $~$@Iz~$T 6%f-!F-+ b3%9 68%Th97zO I&%; A-7-9a>E+!k##B&C3. Coplanar PCBs. A. ; 48-163 pg/g,. F%fE ; 100 pg/g)o. Z. a>%$?j-b3 35-46 @Ia>2ff';;c3 UT b3'7Ato-3 75 79a>%&C3&tfj$ h7z to-3$--3$LOf2< , 22-25 @IT697zoTable 2 k 3 Lk CZ2x/ Fa>9$+!k#DZ&iEtd; DB-5. 2,3,7,8iC%%f&I%d4*Th 9 , &K&tfj $ h 7~ +!kI% 0 9T OCDD 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD , 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF f2k"A~f&a>%+!ik#k9 gL\%g. A 3 Air& 9&Lli$h7zto-3Th6d4, 2,3,7,8@f%%fi%&#~cPT DB-5 75 f A i Z&. * Y P u I \ ~ 27579a,B@ij1bi3 u 4 90 non-ortho # Coplanar PCBs A4-if-d7&tfj $ 8 ~ 7 ~ (Table 2), #% Coplanar PCBs ~r)$$&bd 7 ;3 90. A ~ & 8 $h7z0 I&%,. -> T % ~ I r % M $ h f 2 L \ % q i j ~ a > S t $ #Ep-b ,. 2,3,7,8-TeCDF, 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, 1,2,3,4,7,8 -HxCDF ? LT 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD 1 3DB-17 75 7A. Tz*ir%m L, q3 bh7z$?&fE??SZL7zo 3.1.1 + > 3 U / \ - ; ; ~ l r A 7 3 + - ~a/\9o 3 27579,t h b 2ff@i037k,% a ,I 6 b& 7 PCDDs/DFs. TE@ $ hTL \7zo. 8@tfj@&a>$%md;EL\fz&, @2t&f2j$%?t!kC-hf2. ~ ~ I z g # ~ ~ i g ~2 4=~2~3' ku/\ @j-~ 9 u k 9 75 7pa>*$g?gL\ 1/d1L??/7;F LT L \7zo3'fzi@%Fk?JQI% Coplanar PCBs @&Cr$t-if64 - - ~ ~ ~ ~ . ! ~ W ~ ) % ~ ? & I L % 9E, TA& L \ A ~ ~ 7 9a,%&, 3,3', 4,4',5-PeCB (IUPAC No. #126) b\ij{,.

(4) ~!!E@=k 9 i m \ @ B T & $h7z0 ~. Z S ~ ~ \ ~ U & @ & & T ~+Y? WEE UI+U ~~, %&C3 3,3', 4,4'-TeCB (IUPAC No. 877) f~T{t&,Olg. Table 2. Concentrations (pglg dry weight basis) of PCDDsIDFs and Coplanar PCBs in tufted duck and common cormorant from Lake Shinji.. +>p. Species. 7379. U I X ~ U. SampleNo.. TD1. TD2. TD24 TD25 TD26 -CC4. Lipidcontent(%ofdryweight). 9.4. 22.5. 10.1. 10.1. 11.3. 19.2. 14.5. 8.1. 9.4. 0.36. 1.11. 0.59 5.12. CC21. CC22 CC23. PCDDsIDFs Isomers. TeCDD. TeCDF. 1368. 48.0. 85.8. 103.5. 101.4. 163.2. 1.3. 1379. 0.87. 2.43. 1.05. 4.46. -. 2378*. 0.37. 0.47. 0.41. 2.4 0.71. -. 1.03. 2.49. 0.39. 1368. -. 2.11. -. 2468. 0.03. 0.80. -. 0.93. 2.58. 1247/134711378/1346/1246. 0.14. 1.64. 3.47. 3.22. 1.98 0.16. -. 0.09. -. 2.22 0.20. 0.62. 1468. 1.24 0.11. 1268I146711478 13691123712368. 2467/1238/1236/1469/1678/1234 #2378*. -. 0.27. -. -. 0.55. 0.53. 0.26. 0.41. -. -. 0.48. 7.60 4.12. 4.11. 5.56. 1.89. 0.62. 0.86. 0.19. 0.46. 2.68. 0.07. 0.02. -. 0.02. 8.05. -. 3.71 1.91. 1.40. 0.56. 2.62. 346711269. 0.15. 2.06. 1.60. -. 1.14. -. 12468112479. 0.49. -. 0.39. 0.22. 0.71. -. 12368. 2.91. 1.63. 1.95. 2.15. 4.80. -. 12478. 0.25. 0.39. -. 12379. -. 2367. 0.81. -. -. 2348/2347/2346/1249/1279. PeCDD. -. 0.42. 9. 0.11. -. 12378*. 4.32. 1.79. 1.25. 1.59. 0.61. 4.85. 12.2. 4.18. 13468112468. 0.10. -. 1.02. 0.77. 0.99. -. 0.46. 13678 12368/12478/13467/13478/12467. 0.62. 0.70. 0.68. 0.67. 0.36. -. -. 2.61. 2.87. 3.10. 2.69. 1.78. 0.37. -. 0.15. 0.32. 13479114678. 0.15. 0.27. -. -. -. 0.70. -. 0.40. -. 0.78. 1.13. 0.74. 0.68. 0.39. 0.48. 0.87. 0.12. 0.60. 0.46. -. PeCDF. 23468/12469/12347/12346 12378" 12367 12678112379. 0.73. 0.80. 0.78. 0.81. -. -. 0.22. -. 27.7. #23478*. 3.90. 4.51. 2.61. 3.05. 1.23. 4.90. 16.2. 2.08. 25.04. 12489112679112369. 0.05. -. 0.37. 0.35. -. 0.28. -. 0.08. 0.65. 23467. 4.29. 3.05. 2.81. 2.01. 1.51. -. Abbreviations ;TD, Tufted Duck (El $%%I%. ; +? 2 3. I \ ~ U )CC,. Common Cormorant ( f J 7 9 ).

(5) Table 2.. Continude. 0.22. 0.16. 0.64. 0.23. -. 1234678". 0.77. 0.60. 0.75. 0.28. 0.72. 5.11. 1234678". 0.18. 0.10. -. -. 0.23. 1234679. -. 0.08. 1234689. -. 0.15. -. HxCDF. HpCDD HpCDF. 7.29. 1.16. 13.8. 0.46. 1.01 0.42. 0.17. -. -. 0.07 0.26 0.22. 1.53. 0.21. -. 0.06. -. -. 0.06. -. 0.18. 0.66. 0.56. 0.85. OCDD. 3.26. 2.32. 1.50. 3.73. 3.68. 15.1. 10.9. 3.84. 20.7. OCDF. 0.26. 0.14. -. 0.15. 0.44. 0.44. 0.61. 0.98. 1.45. Total PCDDs. 64.6. 98.2. 114.7. 115.5. 180.5. 34.6. 49.6. 16.5. 97.0. PCDDsIDFs-TEQ(WH0-Birds) PCDDsIDFs-TEQ(WH0-Humans). 9.73. 14.7. 8.69. 11.1. 3.90. 12.1. 33.8. 7.22. 61.0. 7.22. 5.67. 3.82. 4.70. 1.66. 9.57. 26.0. 6.45. 50.2. 0.77. 12.0. 10.7. 15.3. 5.71. 21.4. 116.4. 13.2. 203.5. 1234789". Coplanar PCBs 81**. 3,4,4',5-TeCB. 77**. 3.3'.4.4'-TeCB. 181.9 216.8. 218.7. 261.1. 125.8. 190.2 323.2. 60.0. 202.5. 126**. 3,3',4,4',5-PeCB. 34.0. 29.3. 37.1. 39.5. 12.0. 84.9. 310.7. 90.4. 522.5. 169**. 3,3',4,4',5,5'-HxCB. 1.54. 1.79. 4.78. 7.26. 8.03. 26.9. 64.6. 33.9. 90.7. 151.6 323.4. 815.0. 197.5 1019.2. 271.3 323.1. TotalCoplanarPCBs. 218.3. 259.8. CoplanarPCBs-TEQ(WH0-Birds) CoplanarPCBs-TEQ(WH0-Humans). 12.6. 15.0. 15.7. 18.5. 8.07. 20.2. 58.9. 13.4. 82.8. 3.44. 2.97. 3.78. 4.05. 1.29. 8.78. 31.8. 9.38. 53.2. TotalTEQ(WH0-Birds). 22.3. 29.7. 24.4. 29.6. 12.0. 32.3. 92.7. 20.6. 143.8. Total TEQ (WHO-Humans). 10.7. 8.64. 7.60. 8.75. 2.95. 18.4. 57.8. 15.8. 103.4. * ; 2,3,7,8-chlorine substituted isomers, ** ;IUPAC number, - ; below detection limit (0.02-0.30 pglg) # ; Determined by DB-17 column, Total TEQ = (PCDDsIDFs-TEQ) + (Coplanar PCBs-TEQ).

(6) Table 3. Concentrations (pglg dry weight basis) of PCDDslDFs and Coplanar PCBs in fish samples and shellfish (shijimi clam) from the Lake Shinji.. & x A'+. Species. I&E!%. % x/>u. : /2 - 2 \. -y-yl<-7~\-p. SampleNo.. SBll. SB12 SB16 GS15 GS17 LH18 GB13. Lipid content (% ofdry weight). 21.8. 14.0. 50.2. 1368 1379 2378". 5.08. 7.41. 0.39 0.31. 1368. 0.13. 1468. -. SC9. SC27 SC28. 31.4. 30.2. 15.2. 10. 24.6. 11.3. 6.84. 22.4. 5.02. 165.5 406.2 217.8. 0.53 0.18. 1.31 0.82. 1.42 0.35. 0.81 0.90. 2.19. 0.64. 42.4. -. 0.37. -. -. 0.41 0.34. 0.43 0.25. -. 0.21. -. -. 0.29. -. 0.47. 0.98. 0.46. -. 0.27 0.22. -. -. -. 3.6. 6.8. 7.1. PCDDsIDFs Isomers. TeCDD. TeCDF. 2468. 0.18. 0.29. 124711347113781134611246. 0.18. 0.16. 12681146711478. -. 13691123712368. -. 24671123 811236114691167811234. -. #2378* 2348/2347/2346/1249/1279. 2367 346711269. PeCDD. 1.86. -. 83.4. 54.5. -. 0.99 0.77. 0.10. 6.57. 22.4. 3.01. 0.99. 1.68. 0.47. -. 0.99. 0.31. 1.37. 2.04. 1.69. -. 1.93. 0.69 1.87. 0.95. 0.69 0.28. 1.19. 2.72. 5.57. 4.14. 12.4. 24.1. 13.6. 1.18 0.49. 3.75. -. 2.31 0.24 0.09. 8.60. 1.60. 1.72. 1.86. 2.62. -. 1.00 0.06. -. 0.15. 0.04. 0.45. 0.09. 0.71 0.69. 0.23. -. 0.46. 0.43. -. 1.08. -. 0.65. 0.28. -. 1.74 1.00. -. 0.19. 0.16. 0.47. -. 0.10. 12379. -. 12378". 1.02. 0.45. 3.66. 1.68. 6.42. 0.73. 0.98. -. 0.78. 0.42. 0.31. 0.67. 0.24. -. 1.19 0.24. 2.06. 0.16 1.13. 0.43. 2.17. 1.94. 1.69. -. 0.33 2.08. 0.20 1.54 0.34. 12468112479 12368 12478. PeCDF. 13468112468 0.19 13678 12368112478113467113478112467 0.55 13479114678 23468112469112347112346 12378" 12367 12678112379 #23478*. 0.38. -. 0.26. 0.64. -. 0.84. -. ~b. 1.44. 0.58. 0.44. 0.33 0.06. 0.18. -. 1.25 0.19. 0.63. 1.32. 0.75. 0.54. -. 1.27. 0.56. 5.10. 1.98. 12489112679112369 0.08 23467 0.17. 0.08. 0.10. -. 0.07. 0.24. -. 5.92. -. -. -. -. 0.34. -. 0.38 0.30. 0.72. 0.83. 2.17. 0.67. 0.75. -. 0.16. 0.17. -. 0.83. -. 0.18. 1.19. Abbreviations ; SB, Sea Bass ( El $i%% 2% ; X X'+) GS, Gizzard Shad ( 3 / 7 U ) LH, Large-eyed Herring (9Y I<) GB, Goby (TI\?) SC, Shijimi clam (2-2 i). -. 1.38.

(7) Table 3.. Continude. HxCDD. 1246791124689 123468. HpCDD. 1234679 1234678*. 0.09. -. 0.40. -. 0.49. 1.29. -. 6.59. 12.7. 12.0. 0.65. 0.14. 2.24. 3.28. 6.03. 2.39. 0.08. 1.34. 8.78. 8.20. 1234678* 1234679. 0.36. 0.03. 0.75. 0.68. 1.16. 0.11. -. 1234689. 0.35. -. 1.17. 1234789*. -. 0.05. OCDD. 4.11. OCDF. 0.19. --. HpCDF. TotalPCDDs TotalPCDFs. PCDDsIDFs-TEQ(WH0-Birds) PCDDsIDFs-TEQ(WH0-Humans). ----. 1.16. -. -. 1.92. 1.79. -. 0.54. -. -. 0.32. 0.36. -. 0.53. 0.88. 0.38. 1.51. 2.16. 1.81. 0.15. -. 0.22. -. 0.11. 0.27. 0.21. 0.22. 2.37. 5.60. 6.88. 15.5. 10.2. 3.75. 57.4. 157.3 144.4. 0.09. 0.73. -. 0.73. 0.88. -. 0.35. 3.12. 13.0. 11.8. 44.7. 28.3. 46.4. 43.3. 12.8. 292.1 711.7 465.8. 7.56. 3.58. 27.7. 11.3. 20.0. 15.8. 8.30. 20.9. 55.1. 30.9. 4.61. 2.26. 18.7. 6.06. 16.0. 3.81. 6.39. 1.99. 1.70. 2.18. 2.38. 1.12. 8.75. 3.83. 12.0. 1.87. 3.06. 1.12. 0.91. 1.12. 5.09. 12.1. 5.22. 10.9. 2.92. Coplanar PCBs 81**. 3,4,4',5-TeCB. 5.54. 3.37. 19.8. 1.91. 2.20. 2.92. 77**. 3,3',4,4'-TeCB. 137.8. 90.6. 439.1 118.8 219.8 103.4 195.5 34.5. 44.7. 58.4. 28.3 .19.4. 87.8. 14.8. 61.2. 24.4. 45.8. 3.46. 11.1. 2.67. 11.5. 7.01. 3.51. 0.77. 5.08 0.93. 13.7. 3.34. 174.9 115.9 557.8 141.3 304.7 140.0 255.6. 126**. 3,3',4,4',5-PeCB. 169**. 3,3',4,4',5,5'-HxCB. Total Coplanar PCBs. 2.49. -. 40.7. 52.9. 75.0. CoplanarPCBs-TEQ(WH0-Birds) Coplanar PCBs-TEQ (WHO-Humans). 10.3. 6.81. 32.7. 7.92. 18.3. 8.14. 15.4. 2.26. 2.96. 4.58. 2.88. 1.97. 8.94. 1.51. 6.26. 2.52. 4.63. 0.36. 0.52. 1.38. Total TEQ (WHO-Birds) Total TEQ (WHO-Humans). 14.9. 9.07. 51.4. 14.0. 34.3. 12.0. 21.8. 4.25. 4.66. 6.76. 5.26. 3.09. 17.7. 5.34. 18.3. 4.39. 7.69. 1.48. 1.43. 2.50. * ;2,3,7,8-chlorine substituted isomers, ** ;IUPAC number, - ; below detection limit (0.02-0.37 pglg) # ; Determined by DB-17 column, Total TEQ = (PCDDsJDFs-TEQ) + (Coplanar PCBs-TEQ).

(8) ZWTbhI: B &&;S 7 9 tr3t"pb PCDDS/DFS 2 Coplanar PCBs D B E $ ; E Z ~J! 2 T E B 2 5 t ~ d 6 ; 2 , Rg?&I~!k,!?\\-4- 633 7 9 a>Ff%T 32500 pg/g ( a m s m w 9~, 14 @YPDFWE) 0 ~ ~ 7 3 4. D%@@%k-&\-4-6 % D T & 3 7 r ( S e i k e 6 , 1994 ; & b, 1996), $3@jl;f&-Ff ~ 7 ' 1 k k7'63 Ir & B D p, $4& PCDDs/DFs D&$@i34-2l$&i;l\ %Db 3 ~ 6 t - F f ~ l < ( 5 9pg/g U l % g & h f z 9 ) T h 9 ,. E$;az-cL\6 ( f t t N 6 ,. 1999), 3 ?rEGlIl 6 (1999) 1333 7 9 D ~ % @ &H J b\T %;1;fiw'?-ct~\, PCDDSIDFS D B 1330 ~ pg/g (aE 8fiElZShIz 9 , 2 &#DFtQ{E) &, Coplanar PCBs a>%&b3qf$J 19400 pg/g a)?%%' PAIL??%% L TL\6., %Zi.W1TEl@ L?rk 7 9a)8EjfiElZ&h7r 9 DT@$$$rff(PCDDs/DFs ; 660 pg/g, Coplanar PCBs ; 5100 ~ ~ / g2Eglll ) 6D%%2M;@+6 2 PCDDs/DFs 2 Coplanar PCBs m%%IL%%&IlD 7P D B B ~ ~ I & L \ * ~ & ZL r ~ \ a ,. ?D pg/g Fi$l ; 53 pg/g), AX'* (15-72 pg/g, 36 pg/g), ?l\-ti? (21 pg/g) baa>@EJ@liL&3 L T b \ 6 , &$%a>@ PCDDS/DFS BE ICLST z i e - ~ t ~ ~ a > ~13 )% ~ % IL d; 3 T % T g i J ; B 2 6 734, &K& t ; ~ 1, 3 , 6 , 8TeCDD 734-%&L\glI& (30%) 2 & b J T b \ I z , 4? D & / 3 OCDD 2 , 3 , 7,8-TeCDF, 2 , 3 , 4 , 7,8-PeCDF 734#!lDgi'!ik#cf; 9 $ $ b \ 1 / 4 / L T T 3 % L T L \ 6 .t k fqi$$ZT, 3 I-,. &I33 I V a ('$%@$iB. ; 40-66. %3mT!k4g\T61&E$%a9T&%@%M (r%%Ln\a-w bvYi D@PCDDS/DFS DE v ~ ~ v t a ~ R ~ T o R ~ ~ ' r ~ ~ ~ a & ~ $ ~ ? LZT~&.9 X( % B $ i m ; 313-767 pg/g 6L\*@%% F t Q ; 526 pg/g), & ~ $ h I r g t % % a > & h @ % & f i h 3 Ir able 3) , ?? b Vy 5 D%l@i3-? Y Y I L SC9 2 SC27 D%&, % ~ m D @ i l J l T , SC28 b3XlJ~~T7'?-;hhIZ0. +, -s. 3 . 1 . 2 %Bk=&W%R. Z%@T~BLIE&B~@~~~~ 3 a? b 3 " j A to-3 D&C';t. 23-38 @lTh 9 , g a t ~ ~ i2m 82 ) c;ha 2 , 3 , 7 , 8 1 ~ % s i z i m # 734E%&tLt&ttj $ ; a z - c L \ 5 @ , ?tLk%t;:% 2,3,7,8 lc%sEg#Dgt%#%%&< %%Ti3 Iz (Table 31, Z 0 5 f6%Rt';t.{&D El $&&%. 1,2,3,4,6,7,8. a f t e d duck. Common cormorant. ,. Ll(3. ;ifl,. i7). Shiiimi clam TeCDD. PeCDD. HxCDD. HDCDD. Fig. 2. Composition of individual isomers of PCDDs in the various biological samples from Lake Shinji. (17;2,3,7,8-substituted isomers, ;Non 2,3,7,8-substituted isomers) Figures in he brackets ( ) indicate the percent contribution of the predominant isomers..

(9) ,. Coplanar PCBs a>%@ kd/~QL %7 ~ \ Z16 2 fix fix%kb h 6 % % T h9 , fiiJlUi2%{F)lla>?%fi@ t % A & h 6 % % 2 L7E{F)llEl~a>*Elk%a> %z3T2Tz, r u n o f f ILL 6%@fi;%;i b h 5 i & b k T h 6 , 'n\ ;I:Fi-!f ?7"~~a>&7W f6 b \ f z bj, F7i&,&a>k@ (2% 3 . 2 PCDDs/DFs BU.'Cop lanar PCBs CDS%%fiif Lb)fix, Pqi&,Kfil b B l Q L7z?? b V 9 i a>$& ??i$i#ITBlQ $tLfz&&@J{$I4iL?3@'b-6 PCDDs/DFs a > @ B & & S L?z%%, 39 k 5 f6 PCDDs/DFs 2 Coplanar PCBs a>F!$l‘!k%&i& 1997 $ S i & f ~ f i > 9‘fz, 3 7'r&f$#a>53;kiiL % A $ 7"x?sid; WHO tL L 9 7@% 3 h T z WHO-Bird TFF (st$%$ Rkf6fi137?0 P? b V V i a > # h T t & a &hTz QH b\TE+$$ L7zo PCDDs/DFs ~ E t % # a > h , &% @gBCr%lfrf66 %jf:fi$f%?k%a> p, PCDDs/DFs 2 Coplanar PCBs %-Bl'$#t2+?9 U I A V U E U & ~ ~ I Z J @ ~ Z a> TEQ fi&Q&;h@7"r$& TEQ k d 1 k - F , -3$8b?3!Z 1,3,6,8-TeCDD T h 9 , OCDD a>%&% 14%T13$ ~ m ~ ~ ~ w i ~ ta >i g B, i t~m g, i a 2 1 - 1 4 4 ~ ~ TEQ/g ( U 7 ; % g E h 7 ~9 ) , T % J @ B i 2 72 pg R a>%%B&%L-Cb\50 &%fiW$?ttl3tL7~ Coplanar PCBs a>@B i 2 X X'+fi4qi$J 283 pg/g TEQ/g 2 3h f z , $& PCDDs/DFs a>?3@B' gT T-3$6<, % b \ 7 x 1 V u j ?I\%, yy/<a> i 2 - 3 $ g b \ k d / L & % LfzY-7 b v.9: a>%&, B B J l R & % L T b \ 7 z o & @ i ~ % b \ 7 $ & Coplanar F!$l!'k%fiI€if.&T@$$ Lfz TEQ%$@t2--2l$4&b\ k d PCBS & ~ i z $ t -~ ~ 4 -a~ f i ~ - 3 $ 8 1 / \ ~ + % 1 ~ i a * / L T h 9 7z (4.3-6.8 pg TEQ/g, 5 . 2 pg TEQ/g)o 7 a > @ K Z i 9 -C 3, 3', 4,4'-TeCB fix@%i%Th9 Tzo --;it?, & 4 @@la> TEQ k d / l . i & X X'+ (25.1 pg TEQ/g)fix-&8<, ~ ? D & ~ & = I I V (24.1 U pg - j f j , j7? f, :J.Y: o , # P t J $ B @ i r g g L - ( r b \ 6 Coplanar PCBs a > T B B B i 2 56 pg/g (41--75 TEQ/g), (21.8 pg TEQ/g) ? L7-Y .;)I<(12 pg/g) Tt&8& h , %R%T'n\;I:fi3+% 2 f 6 9 fz!k pg TEQ/g) a>JlR&/'i^;LTz, %+Za>+,- 3 $ i & b \ k 4 / L Q % L-Cb\fco S??fc5? $h%a>@iWUT%& LfzT-7 b 99 i 03(SC28). w.%&). .. *. 2,3,4,6,7,8. 1>2>3,4,6~7,8 1,2,3,4,7,8,9. Tufted duck. Common cormorant %. Fishes. Shiiimi clam TeCDF Fig. 3.. PeCDF. HxCDF. HDCDF. Composition of individual isomers of PCDFs in the various biological samples from Lake Shinji. (0;2,3,7,8-substituted isomers, H; Non 2,3,7,8-substituted isomers) Figures in he brackets ( ) indicate the percent contribution of the predominant isomers..

(10) #& TEQ ( C PCDDs + C PCDFs + C Coplanar PCBS) izx'f-ifa&/C&%a>%+gca%ird;9~~ ?gb\fi;hafix, 2Ax"tZ Coplanar PCBs a>%+& fix&&%%T 6 0 % U 4 2 & & T b \ b , %(:&%a>. g!#ga>j$jg[r. d; a 2 3 I p a , -tf. 12,. -71-4,. 73', 9 Y 4 %fix&ttl S h T b l 6 ( E B b , 1988). A 7 9 2&B0)R+!k#$BFfii2-R, BEw#dzk 5 fix ( & R E # % , && 6 2 , 3 , 7 , 8 #a>$ll&fifi% b \ . t 2 ) , f J 7 9 d ; 9&O%fi;%2,3,7,812%%E ##0)?3@%11&fix8b\, $@RT%fi $ hTz A 7. %&, ?@%d&fix%%i%<, 6 5 % e & & T b \ b r 2 fif@Z~T 2 Tc, $.@$ T i 2 non-ortho # PCBs 9 2&%a>r~iT%&%kfiq20)ML%fis&3LTb' L f i h 8 1 h L'-Cb\f6b\Tz&, mono 2 di-ortho #PCBs a 2 iEZTh 13, A 7 970)1t3f%A tZ d; 9 T S% a>F8'%7%%%t2$3hTL\f6b\. g3 T , %&% t%fi~l&b\2% b h T b \ / ; 5 % 2, 3 , 7 , 8 !2%%@!%# $BOI#fiiZ?z@' L T b \ b mono 2 di-ortho # PCBs 621'233 @k$gh T z E E % , $$$@Vkfi;i%b\ 2 , 3 , 7 , 8 2%@,ThCf, #A TEQ f$itt%fT6 Coplanar PCBs DSt%7%%t2%928< f ' a r 2C2WQTh6, Iil%%B##fi:A 7 f7a>#hTB#R!YJiZ$$$%$h 7 ~ 2 % k b h 6 ( S i j mb , 1989). LfilL, A 7 9 El &&ST!k,%%tzHT 6 E$$)llb (1999) D%ET l2 Coplanar PCBs fix#& TEQ CL%-~-T~%J&~~$!I a>%&, &\TL %%%w% L < t2B&itB2 fi40)% 9 O % b Z k 6 2 % E L T b \ 6 . %$E3?Ta>2 Z 5 , &M,&fi~-&T62i&%kt~<b~,3--a~/qtz !ik ,%, T 6 9 @j a> 85 6 (Phalacrocorax !3F!ik!ik%f6 2iL?!@' L T b \ 6 Coplanar PCBs K M a r i s t o t e l i s ) a>%e, ? 0)?T%?f?ZfixEA 10Ta@Rl2/,r,.f6~\7'~&, ?0)%@ETiE&?'if6 5 30km T h 6 2 P & t E $ h T b \ 6 (del ~ o y ob , 1992). ~ f i L h, r h r;a>lt=+~la r a>d; 5 i ~ 7 T B ? f Z f i f E b \ A 7 9 ~ & a k & ,?? PCDDs/DFs 2 BfULTz%t!kl?H 2 & # t ~ %6 k2 %A b h T % 9 , PCDDs/DFs d; 9@ !? I / ~ I%L3 Zrnfihb$z@ $ h T z A 7 9 a>%&%h80%&i&,6. +. f i 4 z B b ~ i % m f i x h a ? z & , B&+%-a>Zt&ZTiiJli & 5 % 2 5 k T % 9 2'&ERb\%&fix&\ZT&6. 2. exbha. 3 . 3 PCDDs/DFs DZ%# 3 a 7 7 4 IL Fig. 2 tr b26Z&?1490) PCDDs g+%#7"~ 7 74 11.2&FlE$&a>#&iZtL$f - f 6 R t # J & T L Tz, R & ~ zFig. 3 tZ b2 PCDFs a>Rt!k#~$HFfie% LTb15, Fig. 2 2 Fig. 3 % @ C T ' & B i%E! b275 7 9 Og+%#$HFfifi~4&0)&%fBd; 9 T h 9 , & b ~ 2,3,7,812E#YPfi4B@$hTb\6 Z 2 T i h ~ ? z ,?DEE%, + 2 3 a / \ V a o > # f i tZt2-Y-7 b 99 i 2 EI%ir&& ogt%#fix?z@' L T W L~, + a > $ ~ m x ~ f l L x T L \z~2 fi453fih &9,%-Fh6+23 a/\VaC26EqszrntZ B% L , bgg3 Lt k 1;b2*rpC~@9 , *ETE**%2%&& 2 % 1 ; h ~ % 9 , f&ba)&t%irm.taP&t 5 2 , 0 ) 0 ) % & % P J f i ; ~ f i ~ r n i z & ~ \ k w a ~ a m , j a19981, i g m ~ a > U+/ \~V U~ oxg-&%?a>fig.~tat~ 2 h 2 - Y ~b V V i T h 6 2 5 ~ 1 ; h T % 9 , l k g GG 0 ) / \ 9 ~ R , g $ i $ g 1 $lC%-EI-?-7 b 99:. $ha. <. a.. a. %&+a. f i V G i Z # l i r P E b h T b \ a 2 l 2 % A i r < b \ , HPtj, ~ $ ~ U f i o > M b ~ T f i 4 & $ z & - d -q%+%%@Fl%.f 6 2 l 2 T 2 f 6 b ' , ZD,&%Zz#lT$z@$h7? A 7 9 2&%0)B1.!k#$H&a)&b\a>RBfih%%h fJ?L\, PCDDs/DFs a)?!j%'&C2 5i % j& P % iE ,> B a@ '?$@l$a>@F%f3';i, ~ ~ 1 1 / 7 ~ 1 % 0 ) @ k * fk+ 6 tZADk 7 , Bga>waM2::Tma-alta>.eihao r. a:. h b 0)?!j%BC2?hThR@!YJf6Rt%#$H&e%e. 9 T L \ % , 2 , 4 , 6 - b ~ 3 ~ ~ 7 r z / L - 4 - ~ ~ ~ 7 s=IL/=-?IL(CNP) % ? O h 5 f6%@b!Jfi?~t& #$BFfie%->-(rb\a+aa--Th 9 , ~ i t r 1,3,6,8-TeCDD 2 1, 3,7,9-TeCDD ??%'$$i~& $ h T b \ 6 Z 2 fixB b t L T b \ 6 (Yamagishi 6 , 1981). Z2i@W%@L7"r!k%%a> 5 G ,75 7 9 2 l%b\T+29u / ~ V U + & ~LT-Y-7 ? b V V i $&hT0)TeCDD a>g+!k$&%&25!,62, Z h b I. <. ~o~r~ikzzrn~aw-. ~a,g+%#fi;&&am-fi~ g o % e ~ x n \ ~ z (Fig. 2), CNP T i 2 1, 3, 6,8-TeCDD 2 1, 3, 7, 9TeCDD U % t Z 2,4,6,8-TeCDF -?' 1,2,3,6,8-PeCDD f6 ~ " S , ~ & ! Y J f 6 % + % # T h 6 . $.%?%0)/n\~$f-%? &%0)qTEB0)?5%%?Rt~-%g5@e% t-fTb\ 6 2 % k b h 6 - ? - 7 b V V < 0 ) % & , zhb0)E 3. 5kg r;b\jr;&-ifa r 2 f i x ~ ~ t ~ $ h 7 ~ \ a +%#fix&& 5%d&C&%%i~i%b\(Fig. 2, 3) , ED%, 1998). Z 0)d; 5 i r Z h 60)2 %$%a)&%#C2&% Y-7 b V V i fib 1;f&,Yj $ hTz#&PeCDD @&Cr%jT 6 1,2,3,6,8-PeCDD 0)811 & l2 71 % T ih 9 , &$#kT%&82fi42 LT@%$hTb\?5Tz&, 2,4,6,8-TeCDF fix #& TeCDF i~%%T6/n\C2 50%T #h~ir?!@ L T b 16 PCDDs/DFs R1.%#a>7°~ 77 4'1L%%flxLT'J\6 2 R f i F $ h & . ih-37~. %Tz-?7 b V 9 i 2fiq@2-$-a*23'u /\9;:a a%&, 2,4,6,8-TeCDF C2 5.4%a>{&b\%lj& -%, 9?60)&&+%,%%0)Ip, &%A YT&Btrt21l;4#&%&<, ~ ~ 4 7 3 - ~ x ! Y J i z % A T h 9 T z f i 4 , 1,2,3,6,8-PeCDD a>%ll&l& 5 3 % k & & T L \ T z , + 2 3 ~ / \ - 2 ~2,4,6,8-TeCDF a> 2 2 f s f C . a / n \ e a t m \ a 7 5 7 9 t 2 - ~200-3oog D 1 , 2 , 3,6,8-PeCDD 0$llefi~-?~ b 99 i d; 9 I& mwmzTakP&tEstLT;tj'rl, A790IRh. (m,. <. s. (n,. zzm2. <.

(11) f23fcRBi3$$3+&)rZ 2,3,7,8 ,fC#iZEE%f$ (2,3,7,8-TeCDF 2 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD) QIk@fi:@~ f s 9 T L \ 6 i 3 ~ b T h 6EI&Ti3i@&iL ~ CNP fix. SIM*M %i%D%%. ?&?kZM pi%$?, 1999. fJ 7 9 YP IL$3 t? 6 F.4 $4 V 2 RB8J2 LT*Hk@IZL< i5Ebh7?73bj 5q ~ / & I L 2 f21Jbjk@, % 8 HEi%lk$% =ALL+ f?f~bhfz%!%9fihD PCDDs/DFs ?s%$XiQI&@s3!2 &E~&&$ pp.~148-149 EE ILL 6 2 EI &D*@+E@f2 FQI?$%\BD-9 2 l6l@@?, 1998. '&*bxD prey-predator '2;i SLT CNP &%D PCDDs/DFs f i ~ ~ ~ $ h T l \ 6 . a - x ; 1 : m g g e ; i d v ~ Y x i:~a>i$*$;f2+ (Sakurai b , 1996 ; Masunaga b , 1998), Z D b; Dff&&E. JI T1]$@@, 30: 289-295 5 ~2@EiL$Zb\%kT&6 2 , % S @ T % @L7? $$*#%2 &$?k??2# ~ E i $ ? , 1996. *fiiz$3lj6&%%ku=YTD94$*9Y % 9 f i ~ D & % # h f i ~0Et%!$.7~u b 7 74 'l L i 3 : %a>@@2 !k#!J@&%.E%{Cy, 6: 541-549 O ~ b $ , ~ % % b ' #U%CL!gbh7"z % CNP &I %QI {&@*I&g% *;f:$@*, 1988. fJ 7 lf 0 % PCDDs/DFs iZ%@??~C'fk Z 2 & E &L T L \ 6 % &g 2 &@ft%&tq. j&H,gyg@, 8: 58-62 a>2+JE$mo E$$)ll?$ l2H%F!Q. $J%/L?% jl&&,Z,F!Q i#$g B, 1999. B &&%!%,%%I.Z%G-f 6 3f4 &+ -2 % z @ T % @$hTz!&#!JBDT, $A PCDD s /DFs Y%Dg%Bt!k2 St%??fE. % 8 HE!%lL%Zf =&A+ & ~ ~ i $ $ @pp, l Z150-151 ~~ D@Bfi:-g$&%b\!%Mfzi3*? b v Y <Th 9 , del Hoyo, J., A. Elliott & J. Sargatal, 1992. !&D&%@2 k+&@ < D PCDDs/DFs Et%#fi:Y3 Handbook of the birds of the world, Vol. 1. @LTL\Tzo bV9<QIEt%!$$"fii3Z$Lb 2fig$Xi2-+-6+-YP =/\YuIz%%@2+%, F J eds. J. del Hoyo et. al., Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 326-353 !%#!J@h CrB3@ L T L \ 6 PCDDs/DFs DEt%#$Hfi Loonen, H. , J.R. Parsons & H.A. J. Govers, 1994. i3%iUt%2%9TL\7c0 -eDEEi, fJ 7 $7 DB* i3*iZ 2,3,7,8 f e % % E % # f i x g @ 3 h , % Effect of sediment on the bioaccumulation of a complex mixture of PCDDs and PCDFs by fish. 2,3,7,8fiL%%E%#id;h% 9 ?3gLTL\fsL\.Z Chemosphere, 28: 1433-1446 2fi;@z8i5h7?zo T Q I R B 2 L T , 277$7DlJZ;3t %fifi:!&QI!%#!J@2 EfiXh6 h h , h 6L~i3fil$D% Masunaga, S., T. Sakurai, I. Ogura & J. Nakanishi, 1998. Mass balance of dioxins in &f&,kfi:zsmU%QIi&b$,~h 6 q%t%fi:%2 b h7z0 -3,%251W3T%@L7:fJY lfU%QI!&% Tokyo Bay and Kasumigaura Lake basins in %$+Ti3 1,3,6,8 2 1,3,7,9-TeCDD f2 F , B 9 f i h Japan. Organohalogen compounds, 39: 81-84 D CNP &%2B1;haRels.t17Lsst%#fi:tg8$h, Ryan, J.J., H.B. S. Conacher, L. G. Panopio, ~ ~ ~ - PCDDs/DFs r " a > ?5@%a>-9 2 LTUGiZ B.P. Y. Lau & J. A. Hardy, 1991. Gas !$bh?z CNP fi:%@2+kTL\6 t 2 fifT?%!$h chromatographic separation of all 136 tetra. <. Phalacrocorax carbo. *?. 7: ,. to octa-polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans on nino different stationary phases. J. Chromatogr.aphy, 541: 131-183 9 < fi:-giEb\ v d l L & % LTL\fzo &!%#!J@(Z k 3 T ? ?$? i3 h 3 i? 24 PCDDs/DFs-TEQ 2 Sakurai, T., J. K. Kim, N. Suzuki & J. Nakanishi, Coplanar PCBs-TEQ 2 ~ b ~ 7 " r $ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f1996. $ i Polychlorinated ~ t Z ~ f dibenzo-p-dioxins and T6 Coplanar PCBs D?$%@i&&T 6 0 % 2 B k T dibenzofurans in sediments, soil, fish and L\6r kfi:@$gT$7zo $@, Zhba>St%{t=* shrimp from a Japanese freshwater Lake Area. Chemosphere, 33: 2007-2020. %fi:9F%&%-%k6%t%&ET(ET6kTi3 PCDDs/DFs 2 * t ~ Coplanar PCBs QI%t%%%% fSeike, N. , T. Sakiyama,M. Matsuda & T. Wakimoto, / r ~ ~ ~ f s ~ w -r ;~f is ~d \f2s+ 1 ~ w L a , 1994. Bioaccumulation of non 2,3,7,8substituted PCDFs in fishes of environmental samples. Organohalogen compounds, 20: 147150 Sijm, D.T.H. M. , H. Wever & A. Opperhuizen, 1989. Influence of biotransformation on the accumulation of PCDDs from fly-ash in fish. Chemosphere, 19: 475-480. aliz$f%-Ff 27'1~0 9, Coplanar PCBs DB3@ 8ata;t;r7 9 v4~1.d:-mi < , - t 7 ~I- 9.

(12) Stalling, D.L., R. J. Norstrom, L.M. Smith &M. Simon, 1985. Patterns of PCDD, PCDF and PCB contamination in Great Lakes fish and birds and their characterization by principal components analysis. Chemosphere, 14: 627643 U. S. EPA, 1994. Methods 1613 ; Tetra - through Octa-chlorinated dioxins and furans by isotope dilution HRGC/HKMS. Whittle, D.M, D.BSergeant, S.Y. Huestis &W.H.. Hyatt, 1992. Food chain accumulation of PCDD and PCDF isomers in Great Lakes aquatic community. Chemosphere, 25: 1559-1563 Yamagishi, T., T. Miyazaki, K. Akiyama, M. Morita, J. Nakagawa, S. Horii & S. Kaneko, 1981. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in commercial diphenyl ether herbicides and in freshwater fish collected from the application area. Chemosphere, 10: 1137-1144.

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