TECHNICAL REPORTS OF THE METEOROLOGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE NO.21
MULTI−DIRECTIONAL COSMIC RAY MESON INTENSITY
1983−1986
BY
UPPER ATMOSPHERE PHYSICS RESEARCH DIVISION,・MRI
気象研究所技術報告 第21号
宇宙線中間子強度 19$3−1986
高層物理研究部
気象研究所
METEOROLOGICAL RES奪ARCH INSTITUTE,JAPAN
MARCH1987
M:eteorologicaLResearch Ins重itute・
Established in1946 Director『:Dr.Yoshiro Sekiguchi
Forecast Research Division Head:
Tyわhoon Research Division Head:
Physical Meteorology Research Division Applied Meteorology Research Division Meteorological Satellite Research Di∀ision Seismology and Volcanology Research Division Oceanographical Researc葦Division
Upper Atomosphere Physics Research Division Geochemical Research Division
Head:
・Head:
Head:
Head:
Head:
Head:
Head:
Dr.Masahiko Aihara Mr.Keizo Masamura Mr.Hachiro Uemura Mr.Tunehiro Majima Mr.Syoichi Koinuma Dr.Masaji Ichikawa Dr.Hayato Iida
Dr.Hisafumi Murar6atsu Dr.Yutaka Kawarada
1−1Nagamine,Yatabe−Machi,Tsukuba−Gun,Ibaraki一:Ken,305Japan
Technical Reports of the M:eteorological Research lnstitute
E面o冠π一〇h緒:Syoichi Koinuma
E肋o∬:Yasuo Sato Haruo Ohnishi T・m・akiY・s年ikawa τsut・muTakashima Masahiro Endoh Yukio Makino
〃碗αgガ㎎E4露o∬:Keiko Nishida,Yusai Yuhara
Takayo Matsuo Hirordi Takayama
Katsumi Hirose
7診6hn加1品ψ備げ孟h6編伽猶oJog初1翫郷h偬翻6
has been issued at irregular intervals by the Meteorological Research Institute since1978as a meaium for the publi¢ation of survey articles,technical reports,data、reports and review
.articles・nmete・r・1・9脇・cean・graphy,seis血・1・gyandre1註tedge・science亀c・ntriりutedbythe members of the MRI.
Multi−Directional Cosmic Ray Meson Telescope
序
・太陽活動が気候変動に影響をおよぼす可能性については、多くの研究がなされてきている。しか しながら、いまだに未解決の問題が多い分野である。一般に、太陽活動として、太陽黒点の11年周 期が良く知られているが、太陽活動の変化には、太陽黒点の変動特性とはかならずしも一致しない ものが多くあることが、近年の研究でわかってきており、それらを明確にすることが、今後の研究 のうえで重要どなるであろうと考えられる。ところで、地上で観測される宇宙線強度の変動は、宇 宙線が伝播してくる惑星問空間のプラズマや磁場の変動を強く反映しており、太陽活動の変動と密 接に関連している。従って、地上で宇宙線を観測することによ り、太陽活動の変動をモニターする
ことが可能となる。
気象研究所では、古くから宇宙線に関する研究を続けてきた。気象研究所の筑波への移転時に多 方向宇宙線計が設置され、試験観測をへて、1983年よりほぼ連続して観測ができるようになった。
本報告では、1983年から、1986年までの4年間の宇宙線中間子強度をまとめたものである。この報 告が、気候変動に関する班究のための基礎資料として、またさらに、太陽地球系物理学のための基 礎資料として、広く活用されることを期待する。
昭和62年1月
気象研究所 高層物理研究部長
村松久史『
目 次
序
概要(和文)
(英文)
1.Observati。n畠ite
2.・Multi−Directional Cosmic Ray Meson Telescope 3。M6asuring System
4. Data
Acknowledgements
References …・……・…………一一・r…・……・…・…
List of Figりres List of Tables
33371010 −⊥−﹁⊥6
概 要菅
本報告は、1983年から1986年までの4年間にわたり筑波(36.10N、140.1。E)にある多方向宇宙 線計によって得られたミュー中間子強度の観測をまとめたものである。多方向宇宙線計は、一層8 個の検出器が上下4層におかれており、2っの検出器を同時に通過したものを選ぶことにより、.垂 直、220南、226北、340西、19。西、190東、340東の方向にっいての、中間子強度を得ている。
検出器は、500mm×500mm×100mmのプラスチックシンチレーター4枚を1組(合計1㎡)、光電子 増倍管、および前置増幅器からなっている。軟成分を除くため、第3層と第4層の問に10qmm厚の 鉛を入れている。
図には、垂直(3種類)および他の6方向について、宇宙線ミュー中間子強度の変動を、1983年か ら1986年まで各月ごとに示した。表には〜3っの方向について、一時間値と一日平均値を、各月ご とに示した。値はすべて気圧の効果を補正した(1000mbに対応)ものを、自然対数表示した相対
値である。・
*須田友重:〒190立川市栄町1−29−5
白木正規・小寺邦彦・長井嗣信:高層物理研究部
Abstract*
This report presents observational results of cosmic ray meson.intensity obtained with the multi−directional cosmic ray telescope at Tsukuba(36.1。N,140.10E)during1983
−1986・The multi−directional cosmic ray telescope contains32detectors,which are set in 41ayers(8detectors in eacぬlayer).Having twofold coincidence from a pεしir of detectors and having further coincidences and mixings,seven components,i.e.,vertica1,220south,
220north,340west,190west,190east,and340east,of cosmic ray meson intensity are obtained.Each detector consists of4plastic scintillators(500mm×500mm×100mm),making up a1㎡effective area,a5−inch photo−multiplier,and a pre−amplifier.To absorb the soft compgnent of cosmic rays,there are100mm thick lead(Pb)blocks between the lower two layers.Figures present hourly values of cosmic ray meson intensity for vertical(3kinds)
an〔i other6components for each month(1uring1983−1986.Tables present hourly values of cosmic ray meson intensity for vertica1,190west,and190east components for each month of the same period.All values are pressure corrected in natura口ogarithmic representation(%).
* T.Suda:1−29−5Sakaechyo,Tachikawa−shi190,Tokyo.
M.Shiraki,K.Kodera,andT.Nagai:UpperAtmospherePhysicsResearchDivision
Tech.Rep.Meteoro1.Res.Inst.No.211987 1. Observation Site
The multi−direction cosmic ray telescope is located inside the Upper Air Measuring
InstrumentsBuilding・f−theMete・r・1・gica1ResearchInstitute,Ts kuba.Thisbuiding has a flat−roof and is made with iron frames and100mm thick ALC(Autoclaved Light Weight Concrete,〜0。55g/c㎡).The building has an air conditioning system.・Geographic and geomagnetic parameters of the observation site are given in Table L
↑able1L。cati。n。fObservati。nSite Geographic
Geomagnetic
Latitude Altitude Latitude
36003ヲN Longitude 22m above sea level
26.30 . Longitu(ie
140。08ンE
207.60
2. Muiti−Directional Cosmic ray Meson Telescope
The multi−directional cosmic ray telescope contains32 detectors.Fig.1 shows arrangement of these d♀tectors。There are41ayers,each containing8detectors。T}le four layers are named A,B,C,and D from top to bottom.In each layer,4detectors are
ahgned.in the geogra.phic east−west direction and.2detectors are aligned.in the geographic north−south(iirection.The(1etectors in the southern row are name(i1,2,3,
and4from west to east,and those in the northern row are named5,6,7,,and8from west to east.The detectors are,therefore,named A1,_.,Bl,_.,C1,....,and D1,_。.Lead
(Pb)blocks(100mm thickness)and4。5mm iron plates are set in the middle of tke lower two layers C and D in order to absorb the soft component of cosmic rays。:Each detector has 4plastic scintillators(500mmx500mm×100mm〉,making up a l㎡effective area,set in the bottom of an iron plate box(1.2mm thickness).These four plastic scintillators are viewed by a5−inch photo−multiplier(HAMAMATSU R877).
3. Measuring System
A block diagram of the measuring system for the multi−directional cosmic ray telescope is presented in Fig.2.Signals from each photo−multiplier are amplified and are made into O,5microsecond rectangular pulses by a pulse shaper after passing through a discriminator.Seven components(vertica1,22。south,220north,19。west,190east,340west,
and340east)are conβtructed with signals from the32detectors。Twofold coincidence between the A layer and the B layer,i.e.,T1(A1,B1),_。,T8(A8,B8),and twofold
一3一
Tech.Rep.MeteoroL Res.Inst.No.211987
(mm》
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『Fi9.1 Arrangement of detectors in th6multi.directional cosmic ray meson telescope at Tsukuba.West−East view・and South−Nouth view.
一4一
Tech.Rep。Meteoro1.Res.Inst.No.211987
lNPUT
PULSE AMPUFIER
・A1−A8.
SMA①SMB②
B1−B8
AlB1 (A1,B1)
.
T1 〔私1丁
A2 (A2,B2》
B2 『2
A3 (A3,B3》 。『3
B3 1脚丁
A4 (A4,B4》
B4 丁4
A5 『5
(A5,B5》
B5 1手き1丁
A6B6 (A6,B6》 T6
A7 T7
{A7,B7》
B7 〔茎乙lT
A8 (A8,B8》
B8 丁8り
C1 H1』
(C1,D1》
D1 唱差1
C2 (C2,D2)
H2 H3
C3D2 ⊂C3,D3》
D3 囎H
C4 《C4,D4》
D4 H4
C5 (C5,D5》 H5
D5 唱唇〕H
C6 (C6,D6》
D6 H6
C7 (C7,D7》 H7
D7 〔髄H
C8 (C8,D8》
D8 μ負
C1−C8 SMC③
SMD④
D1−D8
〔私1丁・2⑤零
12⑨
〔91:賜〕
〔鴇偶〕
〔1手言:隅1
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〔1瑚311
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w−2㊧
E1−1㊧
E1−2@
2−1⑳ W2−2⑳
E2−1⑰ E2−2㊧
:Fig.2
匝亟@
O cHANNEL NuMBER
く ,》 AND(CONCDENCE》
〔〕QR(M剛G》
Block diagram of the measuring system for the multi.directiona.l cosmic ray mesontelescope.
一5一
Tech。Rep.Meteoro1.Res.Inst.No.211987
concidence between the C layer and the D layer,i.e.,H1(C1,Dl),._,H8(C8,D8),are made in the first stage.The total vertical component(soft component+hard component)
has4channels T12,T34,T56,T78,made by mixing of T1,_。,T8and the hard vertical component has four channels H12,H34,H56,H78,ma.de by mixing of H1,_,H8。The vertical component has4channels V1,V2,V3,V4,made by twofold coincidence between the upper21ayers and the lower21ayers.The other components have2channels for
each.For example,220south component has2channels SI and S2.SI is made with
・twofold coincidence between TI and H50r twofold coincidence between T2and H6((T1,
H5)or(T2,H6)).The sum for eacわ1ayer is made for monitoring the system and the outputs are called SMA,SMB,SMC,and SMD。The atmospheric pressure is measured by a barometer inside the building and the data are recorded in channel32.The pressure data are occasionally checked by using the data from tha Aerological Observεしtory,separate(l by apProximεしtely200m。Scaling Process is use(l in recor(1ing the data for convenience.Table2summarizes the chamels for each component with scaling factor and cut−off rigidity.Cut−off rigidity for each componeht is calculated using the procedure by Shea et al.(1965).Asymptotic directions for5components are calculated using the proce(iure by Inoue et a1.(1981),an(i the resultsεlre presented in Fig.3.
Table2Channels,Scaling Facむor,Cut−Off Rigidity for Eac虹Component
Channel Component Scaling Factor
Cut−off Rigidity GV 1−4
5−8 9−12 13−16
17−18 19−20 21−22 23−24 25−26 27−28
32
SMA SMB SMC SMD 20乙 1⊥1⊥ーコ⊥
111111122THVSNWEWE
44 ∩∠∩乙∩乙∩乙332221122THVSNWEWE
T56H56 V3
T78 H78 V4
vertical(total)
vertica1(hard)
vertical south north west east west east
22.oo
22.0。
18.70
18.7。
34.1。
34.1。
atmospheric pressure
1000 100 100 100 10 10 10 10 10 10
11.33 11.33 11。33 11.05 11。20 11.01 14.09 9.10
16.77
一6一
Tecぬ.Rep.M6teoroL Res.Inst.No.211987
Asymptotic Direction For Each Component
①で5劇場〇一
0 80
60
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00
20
40
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140 160 180 {60 140 120 100 80 60 40 Eαst Wesf
lLon勉itude・
3 Asymptotic direction traces for five direction comかonents.
Rigidities are indicated by numbers.
20 0
4.Data
Hourly counting rates from each channel and hourly average pressure value are recorded.Pressure−corrected counting rates are obtained by the following:
Cク=C/exp(β(P−Pβ))
ク
タ
CCβPP
β<0
pressure−correctedcountingrate raWCOUntingrate
pressurec・effici3nt pressure
basic pressure(1000mb)
For simplicity,1000mb is adopted for Pβ.
data of1984and summarized in Table3.
Pressure coefficient are obtained from the
一7一
Tech.Rep.Meteoro1.Res.Inst.No.211987
Table3 Pressure Coefficients
vertica1(all)
vertica1(har(1)
verticaユ
22。south an(i north 19。west and east
340west and east
一〇.176%/mb
−0.150
−0.154
−0.157
−0.157
−0.162
The component data are represented usingむhe natural logarithmic representation by Wada(1957)as follows。
CF=102×Ln(Cρ/C。)+15.OO%
だ か
CCC
relativeintenSitypressure−correctedcountingrate base counting rate
The relative intensity is presented in percentages and15,00%is artificilly added to make all values positive.There were several troubles in the system and level changes caused by adjustment of the instruments in the observation period。Some channels are excluded to obむain the component data.Table4summarizes the channels used and Table5summarizes base counting rates.
一8一
Tech.Rep.MeteoroL Res.Inst.No.211987 Table4Camels Used For Component
verticaユ south
220
south
22。 east west
19。 19。.
east
34。
west
340 83 1 1
T12T34H12H34Vl
T56T78H56H78V3 V2 SI S2 Nl
V4 N2:Ell E12WllW12E21E22 W22
83 525
T12T34Hl2 T78H56
V2 SI S2
V4 N2E11 W11 E21E22W21W22
831231
T12T34H12 T78H56
V2 Sl
V4 N2E11 W11 E21 W21W22
841221
T12T34H12
T78
V2 Sl
V4 N2E11 W11 E21 W21W22 841230
Tl2T34H12H34
T56T78H56 13VV V2 S1 N2E11 W11 E21 W21W22
85 721
T12T34 H34 T56 H56 V3.
V2 S1 E11 E21 W22
861231
T12T34 H34
T56 H56 V3 V2 S1
E11 E21 W22
86 1 7
T12T34H12H34Vl
T56T78H56H78V3 V2 SI S2 Nl
V4 N2Ell E12WllW12E21E22W21W22
Table5Base Count Rates
vertica1 south
220 nouth east west
220 1go 19。
east
34。
west340 1983 1 1
5335 4377 263 1454 1179 2758 2206 571 502
1983 525
5563 4848 311 1567 1556 2953 2853 587 525 1983 12 31
.−
5678 4848 311 1567 1556 2g53 2982 587 537 1984 10 21
5678 4719 311 1567 1556 2953 2875 587 537 1984 12 30
5683 ・4907 311 1644 1556 2904 2934 587 『545
1985 721
5706 4995 314 1672 2942 598 527
1085 1231
5844 4995 329 1703 2987 602 535
1086 1 7
5735 4824 329 1598 1556 2894 2856 591 562
一9一
Tech.Rep・Meteoro1.Res.Inst.No.211987
Acknowledgments
Usefuldiscussi・nwithDr・H・Uen・・Nag・yaUniversity,isgratefullyackn。wledged.
Thecalculati・n・fc・smicrayasympt・ticdirecti・nwascarried・utbyMs.A.ln。ue,the Institute・fPhysicalandChemica1Research・Ms・KH・shipr・videdaidinpreparing
this manuscript.
References
In・ue・A・・M・Wada・andl・K・nd・,1981:B幽επφ6んe1πs蜘eげ融ceα認
湾s6r・ηα画cαZSc eπcε,鋤ecεαZlssαe,N・.1,79.
Shea,M。A。,D.F.Smart,and R G.McCfacken,1965:A Study of vertical cut off 「igiditiesusingsixthdegreesimulati・ns・fthege・magneticfield,♂G即妙s.Res.,
70,4117。
Wada,M.,1957:♂.Sc .Rεs.1πsε.,51,201.
一10一
List of Figures
』H・ufly、values(3−h・u−ni皐gaverages)・⑭smicraymes・nintensities,
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