1.7 光波測距の数値気象モデルに基づく大気補正 －浅間山への適用－

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1.7 光波測距の数値気象モデルに基づく大気補正 －浅間山への適用－

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AKAGI UKUI HIMBORI IJIMA

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Asamayama Resident O ce for Volcanic Disaster Miti- gation, JMA, , Kitakura, Nagakura, Karuizawa,

Research Division, Research and Development Bureau,

Electro-optical distance measurement (EDM) and Global positioning System (GPS) observation are applied to monitor precise time variation of the ground deformation at active volcanoes. But observations using electromagnetic waves such as these are accompanied by errors associated with inhomogeneity of refractive index along the propagation path in atmosphere. In particular, the inhomogeneity in troposphere degrades the accuracy of positioning. An improved atmospheric correction method in EDM was developed, based on the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) operational mesoscale analysis (MANAL) for numerical weather predic- tion. In this method, the precise velocity and ray path of propagated lights are estimated from the adequate vertical profile of refractive index by MANAL. Consequently distance along the bowing ray path measured by EDM is corrected to be precise slope distance. Applying this procedure to EDM data at Asamayama volcano, the seasonal fluctuation caused by inhomogeneity of refractive index in atmosphere was removed entirely.

At Asamayama volcano, very small eruptions occurred in August since the latest eruption, and then a small eruption occurred in February . Based on the EDM observation by Meteorological Research Institute and Karuizawa Weather Station, we detected that the slope distance had been shortened since August . Slope distances from the observation site to reflectors were corrected by using MANAL in this correction method. Though slope distances have increased in length at a rate of mm per year since the eruptions, ground deformation turned over to inflation in August and slope distances shortened to mm per five months by January .

In order to account for those observation data, we assumed a pressure source beneath the summit crater, whose depth and volume increase were estimated to be at a height of m above sea level ( m under the summit) and , m , respectively.

By developing this atmospheric correction method in EDM with the use of the JMA’s numerical weather model, it became possible to precisely detect ground displacements and thus to reliably estimate their sources.

Therefore, this method is very e ective to monitor activity of volcanoes.

: Atmospheric Correction, EDM, JMA numerical weather model, Asamayama volcano, MANAL

Technology - Japan.

Seismology and Volcanology Research Department, Meteorological Research Institute, Nagamine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.

:

Nagano, , Japan.

Present address : Earthquake and Disaster-Reduction

Corresponding author : Akimichi Takagi Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and e-mail : [email protected]

Akimichi T , Keiichi F , Toshiki S and Sei I

Atmospheric Correction in EDM by Using the JMA Numerical Weather Model : Application to Measurement at Asamayama Volcano

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51

( )

.

( )

.

( )

.

Mogi, K. ( ) Relations between the eruptions of vari- ous volcanoes and the deformations of the ground sur-

faces around them. , .

Barrell, H. and Sears, J.E. ( ) The refraction and

( ) GPS

dispersion of air for the visible spectrum.

, . .

( )

Ciddor, P.E. ( ) Refractive index of air : new equations for the visible and near infrared. , .

( )

. .

Fujii, Y. and Miyamoto, H. ( ) A general formula for atmospheric correction in electro-optical distance meas-

( )

urement. , .

( ) Hill, R. J., Cli ord, S.F. and Lawrence, R.S. ( )

Refractive-index and absorption fluctuations in the infra- . red caused by temperature, humidity, and pressure

( )

fluctuations. , .

( )

.

Tetens, O. ( ) Uber einige meterologische begri e.

. , .

( )

.

Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst., Phil. Trans.

Roy. Soc. London, A,

Appl. Opt.,

J. Geod. Soc. Japan,

J. Opt. Soc. Am.,

Zeitschrift fu¨r Geophysik,

+33. ,.,

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