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ࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ᇶ ┙ ᆺ Ꮫ ⩦㸦7%/㸧࡟ ࡼࡿ ₎ Ꮠ࣭ㄒ ᙡ ᚟ ⩦ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡢ ᐇ ㊶

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(1)

ࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ᇶ ┙ ᆺ Ꮫ ⩦㸦7%/㸧࡟ ࡼࡿ ₎ Ꮠ࣭ㄒ ᙡ ᚟ ⩦ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡢ ᐇ ㊶

Studying review tests of kanji and Vocabularies based on Team-Based Learning.

⸨ ⏣ ⿱ ୍ 㑻

せ ᪨

ᮏ ᐇ ㊶ ࡛ ࡣ ࠊ ₎ Ꮠ ࣭ ㄒ ᙡ ࡢ ࢡ ࣛ ࢫ ࡟ ⏕ ࡌ ࡿ Ꮫ ⩦ ⪅ 㛫 ࡢ ᕪ ࢆ ⏕ ࠿ ࡍ ࡇ ࡜ ࡣ ࡛ ࡁ ࡞ ࠸ ࠿ ࡜ ⪃ ࠼ ࠊ

₎ Ꮠ ࣭ ㄒ ᙡ ࡢ ᤵ ᴗ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ᚟ ⩦ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࢆ ༠ ྠ Ꮫ ⩦ ἲ ࡢ ୍ ࡘ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 7%/ ࡢ ᡭ ἲ ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ ࡚ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ ࡑ ࡢ ⤖ ᯝ ࠊ༠ ྠ Ꮫ ⩦ ࡢ Ꮫ ࡧ ྜ ࠸ ࡢ ୰ ࡛ ࠊ≉ ࡟ ᡂ ⦼ ୗ ఩ ⪅ ࡀ ┠ ❧ ࡗ ࡚ ▱ ㆑ ࡢ ᖜ ࢆ ᗈ ࡆ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ศ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋࡲ ࡓ ࠊ࢔ ࣥ ࢣ ࣮ ࢺ ⤖ ᯝ ࠿ ࡽ ࠊࡇ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ࡛ ⾜ ࠺ ᚟ ⩦ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࠊ࠾ ࠾

ࡴ ࡡ ‶ ㊊ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡶ ศ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ୍ ᪉ ࠊࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ෆ ࡛ ඛ ᑟ ࡋ ࡚ ゎ ⟅ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡃ Ꮫ ⩦ ⪅ ࡢ ୰ ࡟ ࡣ ┦

஫ ༠ ຊ 㛵 ಀ ࡀ ஈ ࡋ ࠸ ࡜ ࡢ ព ぢ ࡀ ぢ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ ࠋࡇ ࡢ ࡇ ࡜ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࠊண ࡵ Ỵ ࡲ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ၏ ୍ ࡢ ṇ ゎ ࢆ ࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ࡢ ࣓ ࣥ ࣂ ࣮ ඲ ဨ ࡛ ⪃ ࠼ ࡿ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ᛂ ⏝ ₇ ⩦ ㄢ 㢟 ࡢ ၥ 㢟 ࡢ ㉁ ࡟ ၥ 㢟 ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ♧ ၀ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࠋ

࢟ ࣮ ࣡ ࣮ ࢻ ࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ᇶ ┙ ᆺ Ꮫ ⩦ ₎ Ꮠ ࣭ ㄒ ᙡ ᚟ ⩦ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ᪥ ᮏ ㄒ ึ ⣭ ࢱ ࢫ ࢡ ࡢ ✀ 㢮

(2)

㸬 ࡣ ࡌ ࡵ ࡟

➹ ⪅ ࡀ ௒ ࡲ ࡛ ᢸ ᙜ ࡋ ࡓ ₎ Ꮠ࣭ㄒ ᙡ ࡢ ࢡ ࣛ ࢫ ࡣ ࠊᏛ ᮇ 㛤 ጞ ᫬ ࡣ Ꮫ ⩦ ⪅ 㛫 ࡟ ࡉ ࡯ ࡝ ࣞ ࣋ ࣝ ᕪ ࡀ ࡞

࠸ ࡶ ࡢ ࡢ ࠊᏛ ᮇ ⤊ ஢ ᫬ ࡟ ࡣ ኱ ࡁ ࡞ ᕪ ࡀ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ᑡ ࡞ ࡃ ࡞ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋᏛ ᮇ ᮇ 㛫 ୰ ࡟ ᕪ ࡀ 㛤 ࡃ ࡇ ࡜ ࠿ ࡽ ࠊᤵ ᴗ ࡛ ᢅ ࠺ ෆ ᐜ ࡢ ㌟ ࡟ ࡘ ࡅ ᪉ ࡟ ᕪ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࡢ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࠸ ࠿ ࡜ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ ࠋࡑ ࡇ ࡛ ࠊࡇ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ᕪ ࢆ ㏫ ࡟ ⏕ ࠿ ࡍ ࡇ ࡜ ࡣ ࡛ ࡁ ࡞ ࠸ ࠿ ࡜ ⪃ ࠼ ࠊ₎ Ꮠ࣭ㄒ ᙡ ࡢ ᤵ ᴗ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ᚟ ⩦ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࢆ ༠

ྠ Ꮫ ⩦ ἲ ࡢ ୍ ࡘ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ᇶ ┙ ᆺ Ꮫ ⩦㸦Team-Based Learningࠊ௨ ୗ ࠊTBL㸧࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ

ᮏ ✏ ࡛ ࡣ ࡇ ࡢ ᐇ ㊶ ࡜ ⤖ ᯝ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ሗ ࿌ ࣭ ᳨ ウ ࡍ ࡿ ࠋ

㸬 ᢸ ᙜ ࡢ ᤵ ᴗ ࡜ ඛ ⾜ ◊ ✲ ᢸ ᙜ ࡢ ᤵ ᴗ

➹ ⪅ ࡀ ᮏ ᐇ ㊶ ࢆ ᢸ ᙜ ࡋ ࡓ ᤵ ᴗ ࡣ ࠕ ⥲ ྜ ₇ ⩦ ࠖ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋࠕ ⥲ ྜ ₇ ⩦ ࠖ ࡢ ᤵ ᴗ ࡛ ࡣ ₎ Ꮠ ࡜ ㄒ ᙡ ࢆ

୰ ᚰ ࡟ ࡋ ࡞ ࡀ ࡽ ㄞ ゎ ࡞ ࡝ ࡶ ᑡ ࡋ ᢅ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋᮏ ⛉ ┠ ࡣ 㸱 ࡘ ࡢ ࣞ ࣋ ࣝ ู ࡢ ࢡ ࣛ ࢫ ࡟ ศ ࡅ ࡚ 㐠 Ⴀ ࡉ

ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡀ ࠊ➹ ⪅ ࡀ ᢸ ᙜ ࡋ ࡓ ࡢ ࡣ ᭱ ࡶ ప ࠸ ࣞ ࣋ ࣝ ࡛ ࠊ₎ Ꮠ ࡢ ▱ ㆑ ࡀ 㸮 ࠿ ࡽ 200Ꮠ ⛬ ᗘ ࡲ ࡛ ࡢ Ꮫ

⩦ ⪅ ࢆ ᑐ ㇟ ࡟ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋᮏ ᤵ ᴗ ࡛ ࡣ ࠊᩍ ᮦ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ࠗ ᪥ ᮏ ㄒ ⥲ ࡲ ࡜ ࡵ N㸲 ₎ Ꮠ ࣭ ࡇ ࡜ ࡤ ࠘ࢆ ౑ ⏝ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋࡇ ࡢ ᩍ ᮦ ࡣ 㸰 ࣌ ࣮ ࢪ ࢆ 㸯 ᪥ ศ ࡜ ࡋ ࠊ㸴 ᪥ 㛫 ⦎ ⩦ ࡋ ࡓ ᚋ ࠊ㸵 ᪥ ┠ ࡟ ࡲ ࡜ ࡵ ၥ 㢟 ࡛ 㸴 ᪥ 㛫 ศ ࡢ Ꮫ ⩦ ࡢ ☜ ㄆ ࢆ ⾜ ࠺ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋ඲ య ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࠊ㸯 ᪥ ┠ ࠿ ࡽ 㸵 ᪥ ┠ ࡢ ࡲ ࡜ ࡵ ၥ 㢟 ࡲ ࡛ ࢆ 㸯 㐌 㛫 ࡜ ࡋ ࠊ ྜ ィ 㸴 㐌 㛫 ศ ࡛ ᵓ ᡂ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋ

㸯 ᪥ ┠ ࠿ ࡽ 㸱 ᪥ ┠ ࡜ 㸲 ᪥ ┠ ࠿ ࡽ 㸴 ᪥ ┠ ࡲ ࡛ ࢆ Ꮫ ⩦ ࡍ ࡿ ᪥ ࡣ ࠊண ⩦ ࢆ ๓ ᥦ ࡟ ࡋ ࡘ ࡘ ᤵ ᴗ ࡢ ጞ ࡵ

࡟ ศ ࠿ ࡾ ࡟ ࡃ ࠸ ࡇ ࡜ ࡤ ࡢ ㄝ ᫂ ࢆ ࡋ ࡓ ࡾ ࠊᏛ ⩦ ⪅ ࠿ ࡽ ࡢ ㉁ ၥ ࡟ ⟅ ࠼ ࡓ ࡾ ࡋ ࡓ ᚋ ࠊྛ ⮬ ࡢ ࣌ ࣮ ࢫ ࡛

⦎ ⩦ ࣉ ࣜ ࣥ ࢺ ࡸ ㄞ ゎ ࢆ 㐍 ࡵ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ㸱 ᪥ ศ 㐍 ࡴ ࡈ ࡜ ࡟TBL࡛ 㸱 ᪥ ศ ࡢ ᚟ ⩦ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࢆ ࡋ ࠊ 㸴 ᪥ ศ ࡢ ಶ ู Ꮫ ⩦ ࡜ TBL ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ᚟ ⩦ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡀ ⤊ ࢃ ࡗ ࡓ ࠶ ࡜ ࡛ ࠊ ಶ ே ࡛ 㸴 ᪥ ศ ࡢ ᚟ ⩦ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࢆ ࡍ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࡋ ࡓ 㸦 ᅗ 㸯 㸧ࠋ

୍ ᩧ ᤵ ᴗ

ಶ ู Ꮫ ⩦ TBL ୍ ᩧ ᤵ ᴗ

ಶ ู Ꮫ ⩦ TBL ಶ ே ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ

᚟ ⩦ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ 㸯 㹼 㸱 ᪥ ┠

᚟ ⩦ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ 㸲 㹼 㸴 ᪥ ┠

᚟ ⩦ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ 㸯 㹼 㸴 ᪥ ┠ ᅗ 㸯 ᤵ ᴗ ࡢ 㐍 ࡵ ᪉

7%/

TBL 1970ᖺ ௦ ࡟ ⡿ ᅜ ࡛ 㛤 Ⓨ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ᩍ ⫱ ἲ ࡛ ࠊ኱ ே ᩘ ࡢ ࢡ ࣛ ࢫ ࢆ ᑡ ே ᩘ ࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ࡟ ศ ࡅ ࡚ ༠

ാ Ꮫ ⩦ ࢆ ࡉ ࡏ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ ࠊ⬟ ື ⓗ Ꮫ ⩦ ࢆ ಁ 㐍 ࡋ ࠊ▱ ㆑ ࡢ ⋓ ᚓ ࡟ 㝈 ࡽ ࡎ ỗ ⏝ ⓗ ⬟ ຊ ࢆ ᇵ ࠺ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ ࡜ ࡍ ࡿ㸦Michaelsen, 2004㸧ࠋTBLࡣ ୡ ⏺ ࡢ 100௨ ୖ ࡢ ᩍ ⫱ ᶵ 㛵 ࡛ ᑟ ධ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ ࠊ᪥

ᮏ ࡛ ࡶ ་ Ꮫ 㒊 ࢆ ୰ ᚰ ࡟ TBLࢆ ᑟ ධ ࡍ ࡿ ᩍ ⫱ ᶵ 㛵 ࡀ ቑ ࠼ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦 ஬ ༑ ᔒ ௚, 2015㸧ࠋ TBLࡣ ㏻ ᖖ ࡢ ᅗ 㸰 ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ᡭ 㡰 ࡛ ⾜ ࢃ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋ

(3)

㸬 ࡣ ࡌ ࡵ ࡟

㸬 ᢸ ᙜ ࡢ ᤵ ᴗ ࡜ ඛ ⾜ ◊ ✲ ᢸ ᙜ ࡢ ᤵ ᴗ

7%/

ࢫ ࢸ ࢵ ࣉ 㸯

஦ ๓ Ꮫ ⩦

ࢫ ࢸ ࢵ ࣉ 㸰

‽ ഛ ☜ ㄆ ࣉ ࣟ ࢭ ࢫ

ࢫ ࢸ ࢵ ࣉ 㸱 ᛂ ⏝ ₇ ⩦ ၥ 㢟

ಶ ู ⮬ ᕫ Ꮫ ⩦

㸯 㸧iRAT㸦individual Readiness Assurance Test

㸰 㸧tRATteam Readiness Assurance Test

㸱 㸧 ࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ࠿ ࡽ ࡢ ࢔ ࣆ ࣮ ࣝ 㸲 㸧 ᩍ ᖌ ࡢ ࣇ ࢕ ࣮ ࢻ ࣂ ࢵ ࢡ

ᛂ ⏝ 㔜 ど ࡢ ₇ ⩦ ㄢ 㢟

ᅗ 㸰 TBLࡢ 㐍 ࡵ ᪉

ࢫ ࢸ ࢵ ࣉ 㸯 ࡣ ಶ ู ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ஦ ๓ Ꮫ ⩦ ࡛ ࠊ ㏻ ᖖ ᩍ ᖌ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ᣦ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ⠊ ᅖ ࢆ ྛ ⮬ ண ⩦ ࡍ ࡿ ࠋ ࢫ ࢸ ࢵ ࣉ 㸰 ࡣ ‽ ഛ ☜ ㄆ ࡛ ࠊiRAT ࡛ ࡣ 10 ၥ ⛬ ᗘ ࡢ ከ ⫥ 㑅 ᢥ ၥ 㢟 ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࢆ ཷ ࡅ ࡿ ࠋiRAT ࡢ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡣ ⟅ ࠼ ྜ ࢃ ࡏ ࢆ ࡏ ࡎ ࡟ ᅇ ཰ ࡋ ࠊtRAT iRAT ࡜ ྠ ࡌ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࢆ ࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ࡛ ཷ ࡅ ࠊ ྜ ㆟ ࡟

ࡼ ࡾ ゎ ⟅ ࡍ ࡿ ࠋゎ ⟅ ࡣ ༶ ᗙ ࡟ ᥇ Ⅼ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋ᥇ Ⅼ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ㄗ ࡾ ࡜ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ゎ ⟅ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡣ ࠊᩍ ᖌ ࡟ ᑐ ࡋ ࡚ ṇ ᙜ ᛶ ࢆ ࢔ ࣆ ࣮ ࣝ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ࡛ ࡁ ࠊ࢔ ࣆ ࣮ ࣝ ࡀ ㄆ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ ࢀ ࡤ ࠊᚓ Ⅼ ࡣ ಟ ṇ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋࡑ ࡢ ᚋ ࠊᩍ ᖌ ࡀ ࣇ ࢕ ࣮ ࢻ ࣂ ࢵ ࢡ ࡸ ⿵ ㊊ ㄝ ᫂ ࢆ ⾜ ࠺ ࠋࢫ ࢸ ࢵ ࣉ 㸱 ࡣ ᛂ ⏝ ₇ ⩦ ၥ 㢟 ࡛ ࠊ஦ ๓ Ꮫ ⩦ ࡜ ‽ ഛ

☜ ㄆ ࣉ ࣟ ࢭ ࢫ ࡛ ☜ ㄆ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ▱ ㆑ ࢆ ౑ ࡗ ࡓ ᛂ ⏝ ㄢ 㢟 ࡟ ࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ࡛ ྲྀ ࡾ ⤌ ࡴ ࠋᛂ ⏝ ㄢ 㢟 ࡢ ᡂ ᯝ ࡣ ࢳ ࣮

࣒ ࡈ ࡜ ࡟ Ⓨ ⾲ ࡋ ࠊ ࢡ ࣛ ࢫ ඲ య ࡛ ウ ㆟ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋ

㸬 ᐇ ㊶ ࢡ ࣛ ࢫ

ᮏ ᐇ ㊶ ࢆ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ ࢡ ࣛ ࢫ ࡣ ࣋ ࢺ ࢼ ࣒ ே Ꮫ ⩦ ⪅ ࡀ 㸲 ྡ ࠊࣃ ࢟ ࢫ ࢱ ࣥ ே Ꮫ ⩦ ⪅ ࡀ 㸲 ྡ ࠊࢿ ࣃ ࣮ ࣝ ே Ꮫ ⩦ ⪅ ࡀ 㸰 ྡ ࠊࢫ ࣜ ࣛ ࣥ ࢝ ே Ꮫ ⩦ ⪅ ࡀ 㸰 ྡ ࠊࢻ ࢖ ࢶ ே Ꮫ ⩦ ⪅ ࡀ 㸯 ྡ ࠊࣂ ࣥ ࢢ ࣛ ࢹ ࢕ ࢩ ࣗ ே Ꮫ ⩦

⪅ ࡀ 㸯 ྡ ࡢ ィ 14ྡ ࡔ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ2.1 ࡛ ㏙ ࡭ ࡓ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࠊ ᮏ ࢡ ࣛ ࢫ ࡣ ₎ Ꮠ ࡢ ▱ ㆑ ࡀ 㸮 ࠿ ࡽ 200Ꮠ ⛬ ᗘ

ࡲ ࡛ ࡢ Ꮫ ⩦ ⪅ ࢆ ᑐ ㇟ ࡟ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡓ ࠋࡲ ࡓ ࠊ᮶ ᪥ ࡋ ࡚ 㛫 ࡶ ࡞ ࠸ ࠊ࠸ ࢃ ࡺ ࡿ ᪂ ධ ⏕ ࡀ 㸵 ྡ ࡛ ࠊᮏ ᐇ ㊶ ࡢ ࡲ ࠼ ࡟ ྠ ࡌ ࢸ ࢟ ࢫ ࢺ ࡛ ຮ ᙉ ࡋ ࡓ ࡀ ࠊᡂ ᯝ ࡀ ฟ ࡎ ࠊࡶ ࠺ ୍ ᗘ ྠ ࡌ ࢡ ࣛ ࢫ ࡛ ຮ ᙉ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ Ꮫ ⏕ ࡀ 㸵 ྡ ࡔ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ ᮏ ᐇ ㊶ ࡢ ᤵ ᴗ ࡣ 㸯 ᅇ 90 ศ ࡢ 㐌 㸲 ᅇ ࡛ ࠊ ➹ ⪅ ࡀ 㸱 ᅇ ᢸ ᙜ ࡋ ࠊ ௚ ࡢ ᩍ ᖌ ࡀ 㸯 ᅇ ᢸ ᙜ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ

7%/ ࡢ 㐍 ࡵ ᪉

᚟ ⩦ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡢ TBLࡣ ୍ ⯡ ⓗ ࡞ TBLࡢ ὶ ࢀ ࡟ ἢ ࡗ ࡚ ࠊ ᅗ 㸱 ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ 㐍 ࡵ ࡓ ࠋ

ࢫ ࢸ ࢵ ࣉ 㸯

஦ ๓ Ꮫ ⩦

ࢫ ࢸ ࢵ ࣉ 㸰

‽ ഛ ☜ ㄆ ࣉ ࣟ ࢭ ࢫ

ࢫ ࢸ ࢵ ࣉ 㸱 ᛂ ⏝ ₇ ⩦ ၥ 㢟

᚟ ⩦ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ⠊ ᅖ 㸦 㸱 ᪥ ศ 㸧ࡢ ಶ ู

⮬ ᕫ Ꮫ ⩦

㸯 㸧iRATindividual Readiness Assurance Test

㸰 㸧tRATteam Readiness Assurance Test

㸱 㸧 ᩍ ᖌ ࡢ ࣇ ࢕ ࣮ ࢻ ࣂ ࢵ ࢡ

₎ Ꮠ ࣭ ㄒ ᙡ ࠊ ㄞ ゎ ࡢ ₇ ⩦ ၥ 㢟

ᅗ 㸱 ᮏ ᐇ ᡓ ࡛ ࡢ TBLࡢ 㐍 ࡵ ᪉

(4)

ࢫ ࢸ ࢵ ࣉ 㸯 ࡢ ஦ ๓ Ꮫ ⩦ ࡣ ๓ ᪥ ࡲ ࡛ ࡢ 㸱 ᪥ ศ ࡢ ᚟ ⩦ ࢆ ࡍ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋࢫ ࢸ ࢵ ࣉ 㸰 ࡢ iRAT

᚟ ⩦ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ⠊ ᅖ ࡢ ₎ Ꮠ ࡢ ㄞ ࡳ ࡸ ࠊ ㄒ ᙡ ࡢ ព ࿡ ࢆ ၥ ࠺ ᅄ ⫥ ᢥ ୍ ࡢ ၥ 㢟 ࢆ 10ၥ స ᡂ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ ࢫ ࢸ ࢵ

ࣉ 㸱 ࡢ ᛂ ⏝ 㔜 ど ࡢ ၥ 㢟 ࡣ ₎ Ꮠ ࡢ ౑ ࠸ ᪉ ࡜ ᭩ ࡁ ྲྀ ࡾ ࠊㄒ ᙡ ࡢ ព ࿡ ࡸ 㐺 ษ ࡞ ౑ ࠸ ᪉ ࢆ ᅄ ⫥ ᢥ ୍ ࡛ ၥ

࠺ ၥ 㢟 ࡟ ຍ ࠼ ࠊ᪥ ᮏ ㄒ ⬟ ຊ ヨ 㦂 ࡢ N㸳 ࠿ ࡽN㸲 ࣞ ࣋ ࣝ ࡢ ㄞ ゎ ၥ 㢟 ࢆ 㸰 㢟 ⛬ ᗘ ᥦ ฟ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ࡣ ẖ ᅇ ࡃ ࡌ ࡛ Ỵ ࡵ ࠊ 㸱 ே ࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ࡀ 㸲 ࡘ ࠊ 㸰 ே ࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ࡀ 㸯 ࡘ ࡜ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ Ꮫ ᮇ ୰ ࡟ ࡇ ࡢ TBL ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ

᚟ ⩦ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࢆ 12ᅇ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ

㸬 ⤖ ᯝ

᚟ ⩦ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡢ ⤖ ᯝ

ྛ ᅇ ࡢ iRATࠊtRATࠊ ᛂ ⏝ ₇ ⩦ ၥ 㢟 ࡢ ࢡ ࣛ ࢫ ᖹ ᆒ ࡜ ‶ Ⅼ ࢆ ♧ ࡋ ࡓ ࡢ ࡀ ⾲ 㸯 ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ

⾲ 㸯 TBLࡢ ⤖ ᯝ 㸦 ࢡ ࣛ ࢫ ᖹ ᆒ 㸧

iRAT tRAT ᛂ ⏝ ₇ ⩦ ၥ 㢟

➨ 㸯 ᅇ 㸦 ➨ 㸯 㐌 㸯 㹼 㸱 ᪥ ┠ 㸧 6.9 14.2 10.1㸭15

➨ 㸰 ᅇ 㸦 ➨ 㸯 㐌 㸲 㹼 㸴 ᪥ ┠ 㸧 7.7 14.2 12.7㸭15

➨ 㸱 ᅇ 㸦 ➨ 㸰 㐌 㸯 㹼 㸱 ᪥ ┠ 㸧 7.3 14.3 13.6㸭15

➨ 㸲 ᅇ 㸦 ➨ 㸰 㐌 㸲 㹼 㸴 ᪥ ┠ 㸧 7.6 14.5 13.0㸭21

➨ 㸳 ᅇ 㸦 ➨ 㸱 㐌 㸯 㹼 㸱 ᪥ ┠ 㸧 8.3 14.8 16.8㸭20

➨ 㸴 ᅇ 㸦 ➨ 㸱 㐌 㸲 㹼 㸴 ᪥ ┠ 㸧 7.6 14.7 5.7㸭7

➨ 㸵 ᅇ 㸦 ➨ 㸲 㐌 㸯 㹼 㸱 ᪥ ┠ 㸧 6.1 13.6 13.2㸭20

➨ 㸶 ᅇ 㸦 ➨ 㸲 㐌 㸲 㹼 㸴 ᪥ ┠ 㸧 7.4 14.4 11.1㸭18

➨ 㸷 ᅇ 㸦 ➨ 㸳 㐌 㸯 㹼 㸱 ᪥ ┠ 㸧 6.3 13.5 13.3㸭19

10ᅇ 㸦 ➨ 㸳 㐌 㸲 㹼 㸴 ᪥ ┠ 㸧 6.3 13.5 13.3㸭18

11ᅇ 㸦 ➨ 㸴 㐌 㸯 㹼 㸱 ᪥ ┠ 㸧 8.2 14.7 10.0㸭10

12ᅇ 㸦 ➨ 㸴 㐌 㸲 㹼 㸴 ᪥ ┠ 㸧 6.5 14.8 14.9㸭20

‶ Ⅼ 10.0 15.0

iRAT 10 ၥ ࡛ 10Ⅼ ‶ Ⅼ ࠊtRAT iRAT࡜ ྠ ࡌ ၥ 㢟 ࡔ ࡀ ࠊ 㓄 Ⅼ ࢆ 1.5ಸ ࡟ ࡋ ࠊ15Ⅼ ‶ Ⅼ

࡟ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋᛂ ⏝ ₇ ⩦ ၥ 㢟 ࡣ ᚟ ⩦ ࡟ ࠿ ࠿ ࢃ ࡿ ၥ 㢟 ࡛ 10Ⅼ ࠊㄞ ゎ ࡣ 㞴 ᫆ ᗘ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ 㓄 Ⅼ ࢆ ኚ ࠼ ࡓ ࡾ ࠊ ၥ 㢟 ᩘ ࡶ ␗ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡓ ࡾ ࡋ ࡓ ࡓ ࡵ ࠊẖ ᅇ ‶ Ⅼ ࡀ ␗ ࡞ ࡾ ࠊ⾲ 㸯 ᭱ ྑ ิ ࡢ ᩳ ⥺ ࡢ ྑ ࡟ ‶ Ⅼ ࢆ ♧ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ

➨ 㸴 ᅇ ࡜ ➨ 11 ᅇ ࡣ ➹ ⪅ ࡛ ࡞ ࠸ ᩍ ᖌ ࡀ ᤵ ᴗ ࢆ ᢸ ᙜ ࡋ ࡓ ࡓ ࡵ ࠊ ᛂ ⏝ ₇ ⩦ ၥ 㢟 ࡢ ㉁ ࠊ 㔞 ࠊ 㓄 Ⅼ ࡶ ඲ ࡃ ␗ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡓ ࠋ

iRATࡢ ᖹ ᆒ ṇ ⟅ ⋡ ࡀ 㸵 ๭ ⛬ ᗘ ࠶ ࡿ ࡢ ࡟ ᑐ ࡋ ࠊtRATࡢ ᖹ ᆒ ṇ ⟅ ⋡ ࡣ 㸷 ๭ ௨ ୖ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࠿ ࡽ ࠊ

඲ య ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࡣ ಶ ே ࡛ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࢆ ཷ ࡅ ࡿ ࡼ ࡾ ࠊࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࢆ ཷ ࡅ ࡓ ࡯ ࠺ ࡀ ṇ ⟅ ⋡ ࡀ ୖ ࡀ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ศ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋࡲ ࡓ ࠊၥ 㢟 ࡢ 㞴 ᫆ ᗘ ࡞ ࡝ ࡶ ᙳ 㡪 ࡍ ࡿ ࡀ ࠊᚋ ༙ ࡟ ྥ ࡅ ࡚ Ⅼ ᩘ ࡀ ୖ ࡀ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡗ ࡓ

ࡾ ୗ ࡀ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡗ ࡓ ࡾ ࡍ ࡿ ࡞ ࡝ ࡢ ഴ ྥ ࡣ ぢ ࡽ ࢀ ࡞ ࠸ ࡇ ࡜ ࠿ ࡽ ࠊࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡟ ࡼ ࡾ ࢥ ࢶ ࢆ ࡘ ࠿ ࢇ

࡛ ఙ ࡧ ࡚ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ ࡾ ࠊ௚ ࡢ ࣓ ࣥ ࣂ ࣮ ࡟ ่ ⃭ ࢆ ཷ ࡅ ࡚ Ꮫ ⩦ ࡟ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ྥ ࡁ ྜ ࠸ ᪉ ࡀ ኚ ࢃ ࡿ ࡜ ࠸ ࡗ ࡓ ࡇ

࡜ ࡣ ࡞ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ࡢ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࠸ ࠿ ࡜ ᥎ ᐹ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋ

(5)

㸬 ⤖ ᯝ

᚟ ⩦ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡢ ⤖ ᯝ

ಶ ே ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ iRAT࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡣ ࠊ ᡂ ⦼ ୖ ఩ ⪅ ࡜ ୗ ఩ ⪅ ࡟ ኱ ࡁ ࡞ 㛤 ࡁ ࡀ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ ࡓ ࡵ ࠊ ୖ ఩ 㸱 ྡ ࡜ ୗ ఩ 㸱 ྡ ࡢ ᖹ ᆒ ᚓ Ⅼ ࡜ ࡑ ࡢ ᕪ ࢆ ♧ ࡋ ࡓ 㸦 ⾲ 㸰 㸧ࠋ

⾲ 㸰 ᡂ ⦼ ୖ ఩ ⪅ 㸱 ྡ ࡜ ୗ ఩ ⪅ 㸱 ྡ ࡢiRATࡢ ⤖ ᯝ 㸦 ᖹ ᆒ 㸧 ᡂ ⦼ ୖ ఩ ⪅ ᡂ ⦼ ୗ ఩ ⪅ ᡂ ⦼ ୖ ఩ ⪅ ࡜

ᡂ ⦼ ୗ ఩ ⪅ ࡢ ᚓ Ⅼ ᕪ

➨ 㸯 ᅇ 㸦 ➨ 㸯 㐌 㸯 㹼 㸱 ᪥ ┠ 㸧 8.0 4.7 3.3

➨ 㸰 ᅇ 㸦 ➨ 㸯 㐌 㸲 㹼 㸴 ᪥ ┠ 㸧 9.0 5.0 4

➨ 㸱 ᅇ 㸦 ➨ 㸰 㐌 㸯 㹼 㸱 ᪥ ┠ 㸧 9.7 4.3 5.4

➨ 㸲 ᅇ 㸦 ➨ 㸰 㐌 㸲 㹼 㸴 ᪥ ┠ 㸧 9.7 6.3 3.4

➨ 㸳 ᅇ 㸦 ➨ 㸱 㐌 㸯 㹼 㸱 ᪥ ┠ 㸧 10.0 7.0 3

➨ 㸴 ᅇ 㸦 ➨ 㸱 㐌 㸲 㹼 㸴 ᪥ ┠ 㸧 8.7 6.0 2.7

➨ 㸵 ᅇ 㸦 ➨ 㸲 㐌 㸯 㹼 㸱 ᪥ ┠ 㸧 8.7 2.5 6.2

➨ 㸶 ᅇ 㸦 ➨ 㸲 㐌 㸲 㹼 㸴 ᪥ ┠ 㸧 7.7 4.3 3.4

➨ 㸷 ᅇ 㸦 ➨ 㸳 㐌 㸯 㹼 㸱 ᪥ ┠ 㸧 9.0 4.3 4.7

10ᅇ 㸦 ➨ 㸳 㐌 㸲 㹼 㸴 ᪥ ┠ 㸧 8.0 5.0 3

11ᅇ 㸦 ➨ 㸴 㐌 㸯 㹼 㸱 ᪥ ┠ 㸧 8.7 7.7 1

12ᅇ 㸦 ➨ 㸴 㐌 㸲 㹼 㸴 ᪥ ┠ 㸧 10.0 3.7 6.3

➨ 㸯 ᅇ ࠿ ࡽ ➨ 12 ᅇ ࡲ ࡛ ㏻ ࡋ ࡚ ᡂ ⦼ ୗ ఩ ⪅ 㸱 ྡ ࡢ ᖹ ᆒ ࡀ ୖ ఩ ⪅ 㸱 ྡ ࡢ ᖹ ᆒ ࡢ Ⅼ ᩘ ࢆ ୖ ᅇ ࡿ ࡇ

࡜ ࠊ ࡲ ࡓ ࡣ ྠ ࡌ Ⅼ ᩘ ࢆ ྲྀ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡣ ࡞ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ ᭱ ࡶ ᕪ ࡀ 㛤 ࠸ ࡓ ࡢ ࡣ ➨ 12 ᅇ ࡛ 6.3Ⅼ ࠊ ᭱ ࡶ ᕪ ࡢ 㛤 ࡁ ࡀ ᑡ ࡞ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ࡢ ࡣ ➨ 11ᅇ ࡛ 㸯 Ⅼ ࡔ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ

ᅗ 㸲 ࠿ ࡽ ᅗ 15 ࡣ ➨ 1ᅇ ࠿ ࡽ 12ᅇ ࡲ ࡛ ࡢ iRATࡢ ⤖ ᯝ ࢆ ࣄ ࢫ ࢺ ࢢ ࣛ ࣒ ࡛ ♧ ࡋ ࡓ ࡶ ࡢ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ

⦪ ㍈ ࡣ 10Ⅼ ‶ Ⅼ ࡢ Ⅼ ᩘ ࠊ ᶓ ㍈ ࡣ Ḟ ᖍ ⪅ ࢆ 㝖 ࡃ Ⅼ ᩘ ࡈ ࡜ ࡢ ே ᩘ ࢆ ⾲ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋ

ᅗ 㸲 ➨ 㸯 ᅇ iRATࡢ ⤖ ᯝ ᅗ 㸳 ➨ 㸰 ᅇiRATࡢ ⤖ ᯝ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

(6)

ᅗ 㸴 ➨ 㸱 ᅇ iRATࡢ ⤖ ᯝ ᅗ 㸵 ➨ 㸲 ᅇiRATࡢ ⤖ ᯝ

ᅗ 㸶 ➨ 㸳 ᅇ iRATࡢ ⤖ ᯝ ᅗ 㸷 ➨ 㸴 ᅇiRATࡢ ⤖ ᯝ

10 ➨ 㸵 ᅇ iRATࡢ ⤖ ᯝ ᅗ 11 ➨ 㸶 ᅇiRATࡢ ⤖ ᯝ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

(7)

12 ➨ 㸷 ᅇ iRATࡢ ⤖ ᯝ ᅗ 13 ➨ 10 iRATࡢ ⤖ ᯝ

14 ➨ 11 iRATࡢ ⤖ ᯝ ᅗ15 ➨ 12 iRATࡢ ⤖ ᯝ

ᮏ ᐇ ㊶ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ iRATࡢ ෆ ᐜ ࡣ ᚟ ⩦ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ⪃ ࠼ ࡿ ࡜ ࠊ➨ 㸴 ࠊ11ᅇ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ᅗ ࡢ

ୖ 㒊 ࡟ ㏫ ୕ ゅ ᙧ ࢆ ༙ ศ ࡟ ษ ࡾ ྲྀ ࡗ ࡓ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ᙧ ࡀ ぢ ࡽ ࢀ ࠊ㧗 ᚓ Ⅼ ࢆ ྲྀ ࡿ Ꮫ ⩦ ⪅ ࡯ ࡝ ே ᩘ ࡀ ከ ࡃ ኳ

஭ ຠ ᯝ ࡶ ぢ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࡢ ࡀ ⌮ ᝿ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡜ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋ ࡋ ࠿ ࡋ ࠊ ➨ 㸯 ࠊ 㸰 ࠊ 㸵 ࠊ12 ᅇ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ᒣ ࡀ 㸰 ࡘ ぢ ࡽ ࢀ ࠊ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ 㞟 ᅋ ࡜ ࡛ ࡁ ࡞ ࠸ 㞟 ᅋ ࡟ ศ ࠿ ࢀ ࡓ ࡾ ࠊ ➨ 㸰 ࠊ 㸱 ࠊ 㸲 ࠊ 㸶 ࠊ10 ᅇ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࡞ ࡔ ࡽ ࠿ ࡞ ᒣ ࡸ ᅄ ゅ ᙧ ࡀ ぢ ࠼ ࠊ㧗 ᚓ Ⅼ ⪅ ࠿ ࡽ ୰ ప ⛬ ᗘ ᚓ Ⅼ ⪅ ࡲ ࡛ ࡀ ᗈ ࡃ ศ ᕸ ࡋ ࡓ ࡾ ࡍ ࡿ ⤖ ᯝ ࡢ ࡯

࠺ ࡀ ከ ࡃ ぢ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ ࠋ

ࡇ ࡢ ࡇ ࡜ ࠿ ࡽ ࠊᤵ ᴗ ෆ ᐜ ࢆ ࡋ ࡗ ࠿ ࡾ ㌟ ࡟ ࡘ ࡅ ࡚ iRAT࡛ 㧗 ᚓ Ⅼ ࢆ ྲྀ ࡿ Ꮫ ⩦ ⪅ ࡜ ᤵ ᴗ ෆ ᐜ ࡟ ࡘ

࠸ ࡚ ࠸ ࡅ ࡞ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ࡾ ࠊ ᚟ ⩦ ࢆ ␯ ࠿ ࡟ ࡋ ࡓ ࡾ ࡋ ࡚ ࠊiRAT ࡛ ⤖ ᯝ ࢆ ฟ ࡏ ࡞ ࠸ Ꮫ ⏕ ࡀ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ศ

࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ ࡲ ࡓ ࠊ ࡇ ࡢ ⤖ ᯝ ࡜ iRAT tRATࡢ ⤖ ᯝ 㸦 ᅗ 㸯 ཧ ↷ 㸧 ࢆ ྜ ࢃ ࡏ ࡚ ⪃ ࠼ ࡿ ࡜ ࠊ ࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡛ ࡣ ࠊಶ ே ࡛ 㧗 ᚓ Ⅼ ࢆ ྲྀ ࢀ ࡞ ࠸ Ꮫ ⩦ ⪅ ࡀ ಶ ே ࡛ 㧗 ᚓ Ⅼ ࢆ ྲྀ ࢀ ࡿ Ꮫ ⩦ ⪅ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ Ⅼ ᩘ ࢆ ᘬ ࡁ

ୖ ࡆ ࡚ ࡶ ࡽ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ♧ ၀ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࠋ

࢔ ࣥ ࢣ ࣮ ࢺ ⤖ ᯝ

ᮏ ᐇ ㊶ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ᤵ ᴗ ᭱ ⤊ ᪥ ࡟ ༏ ྡ ࡢ ➹ グ ࢔ ࣥ ࢣ ࣮ ࢺ ࢆ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ࢔ ࣥ ࢣ ࣮ ࢺ ෆ ᐜ ࡣ ࠊࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡣ ຮ ᙉ ࡢ ᙺ ࡟ ❧ ࡗ ࡓ ࠿ ࠊࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡣ ࠾ ࡶ ࡋ ࢁ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ࠿ ࠊḟ ࡢ ࢡ ࣛ ࢫ ࡛ ࡶ ࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡀ ࡋ ࡓ ࠸ ࠿ ࢆ 㸳 ẁ 㝵 ࡛ ᅇ ⟅ ࡍ ࡿ ㉁ ၥ ࡜ ࠊࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡢ ࠸ ࠸ ࡜ ࡇ ࢁ ࠊᝏ ࠸ ࡜ ࡇ ࢁ ࠊ┤ ࡋ ࡚ ࡶ ࡽ

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

(8)

࠸ ࡓ ࠸ ࡜ ࡇ ࢁ ࡢ ព ぢ ࢆ ồ ࡵ ࡿ ⮬ ⏤ グ ㏙ ࡔ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ

16࠿ ࡽ 18ࡣ 㑅 ᢥ ᘧ ࡢ ㉁ ၥ ࡟ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ᅇ ⟅ ࢆ ࡲ ࡜ ࡵ ࡓ ࡶ ࡢ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ⦪ ㍈ ࡣ ᅇ ⟅ ⪅ ࡢ ே ᩘ ࠊᶓ

㍈ ࡣ 㸳 ࠕ ࡜ ࡚ ࡶ 㹼 ࡔ ࠖࠊ 㸲 ࠕ ࡲ ࠶ ࡲ ࠶ 㹼 ࡔ ࠖࠊ 㸱 ࠕ ࡝ ࡕ ࡽ ࡜ ࡶ ゝ ࠼ ࡞ ࠸ ࠖࠊ 㸰 ࠕ ࠶ ࡲ ࡾ 㹼 ࡞ ࠸ ࠖࠊ 㸯 ࠕ ඲ ↛ 㹼 ࡞ ࠸ ࠖ ࡢ 㸳 ẁ 㝵 ホ ౯ ࢆ ⾲ ࡍ ࠋ

16 ࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡣ ຮ ᙉ ࡢ ᙺ ࡟ ❧ ࡗ ࡓ ࠿

17 ࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡣ ࠾ ࡶ ࡋ ࢁ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ࠿

18 ḟ ࡢ ࢡ ࣛ ࢫ ࡛ ࡶ ࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡀ ࡋ ࡓ ࠸ ࠿ 0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 2 3 4 5

ł඲↛ ࡝ࡕࡽ࡜ࡶゝ࠼࡞࠸ ࡜࡚ࡶń

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 2 3 4 5

ł඲↛ ࡝ࡕࡽ࡜ࡶゝ࠼࡞࠸ ࡜࡚ࡶń

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 2 3 4 5

ł඲↛ ࡝ࡕࡽ࡜ࡶゝ࠼࡞࠸ ࡜࡚ࡶń

(9)

࠸ ࡎ ࢀ ࡢ 㡯 ┠ ࡶ ඲ య ⓗ ࡟ ࡣ ⫯ ᐃ ⓗ ࡞ ホ ౯ ࢆ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ❚ ࠼ ࡿ ࠋ୍ ᪉ ࠊᙉ ࡃ ྰ ᐃ ࡣ ࡋ ࡞ ࠸

ࡶ ࡢ ࡢ ࠊ ⫯ ᐃ ࡶ ྰ ᐃ ࡶ ࡋ ࡞ ࠸ ᅇ ⟅ ࡶ 」 ᩘ ぢ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ ࠋ

⮬ ⏤ グ ㏙ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡣ ᪥ ᮏ ㄒ ࡲ ࡓ ࡣ ⱥ ㄒ ࡛ ࡢ ᅇ ⟅ ࢆ ཷ ࡅ ௜ ࡅ ࡓ ࠋⱥ ㄒ ࡢ ᅇ ⟅ ࡣ ➹ ⪅ ࡀ ᪥ ᮏ ㄒ ࡟ ヂ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ ᪥ ᮏ ㄒ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡶ ᫂ ☜ ࡞ 㛫 㐪 ࠸ ࡣ ෆ ᐜ ࢆ ኚ ࠼ ࡞ ࠸ ⛬ ᗘ ࡟ ಟ ṇ ࡋ ࡓ 㸦 ⾲ 㸱 㸧ࠋ

⾲ 㸱 ࢔ ࣥ ࢣ ࣮ ࢺ ⮬ ⏤ グ ㏙ 㸯 㸬 ᫬ ࠎ ‽ ഛ ࡋ ࡞ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ࡜ ࡁ ࠊ ศ ࠿ ࡾ ࡲ ࡏ ࢇ ࡛ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ

㸰 㸬 ࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ࡢ ே ࡣ ᫬ ࠎ ⪃ ࠼ ࡲ ࡏ ࢇ ࠋ ୍ ே ࡛ ⪃ ࠼ ࡲ ࡍ ࠋ ࡕ ࡻ ࡗ ࡜ ↓ ⌮ ࡔ ࡜ ᛮ ࠸ ࡲ ࡍ ࠋ

㸱 㸬₎ Ꮠ ࡣ 㞴 ࡋ ࠸ ࡀ ࠊࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡣ ࠸ ࠸ ά ື ࡔ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ⮬ ศ ࡼ ࡾ ࡼ ࡃ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ ே ࡜ ୍ ⥴ ࡢ ࢳ ࣮

࣒ ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࡶ ࠊ ࡛ ࡁ ࡞ ࠸ ே ࡜ ୍ ⥴ ࡢ ࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࡶ ࠊ ࠾ ࡶ ࡋ ࢁ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ

㸲 㸬ࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡣ ࠸ ࠸ ᪉ ἲ ࡔ ࡜ ᛮ ࠸ ࡲ ࡍ ࠋၥ 㢟 ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ヰ ࡋ ྜ ࠸ ࡀ ࡛ ࡁ ࠊ㏿ ࡃ Ꮫ ࡭ ࡿ ࠿ ࡽ

࡛ ࡍ ࠋ

㸳 㸬ࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡣ ࢢ ࣝ ࣮ ࣉ ᙧ ᡂ ࡸ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡢ ཷ 㦂 ᪉ ἲ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ࠊ࡜ ࡚ ࡶ ࠾ ࡶ ࡋ ࢁ ࠸ ᪉ ἲ ࡔ ࡜

ᛮ ࠸ ࡲ ࡍ ࠋ

㸴 㸬┿ 㠃 ┠ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࠸ Ꮫ ⏕ ࡀ 㞴 ࡋ ࠸ ▱ ㆑ ࡸ ၥ 㢟 ࡢ ゎ ࡁ ᪉ ࢆ Ꮫ ࡪ ࡟ ࡣ ࠸ ࠸ ᪉ ἲ ࡔ ࡜ ᛮ ࠺ ࠋ⚾ ࡶ ᭱ ᚋ ࡟ ࡣ ࡇ ࡢ ࡸ ࡾ ᪉ ࡀ ዲ ࡁ ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ

㸵 㸬඲ 㒊 ࠸ ࠸ ࡜ ᛮ ࠸ ࡲ ࡍ ࠋࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ࡢ ࡳ ࢇ ࡞ ࡀ ヰ ࡍ ࡜ ࠸ ࠸ Ⅼ ᩘ ࡟ ࡞ ࡿ ࡋ ࠊヰ ࡉ ࡞ ࠸ ࡜ ࠸ ࠸ Ⅼ ᩘ

࡟ ࡞ ࡽ ࡞ ࠸ ࠋ

㸶 㸬 ࡝ ࢇ ࡞ ࢡ ࣛ ࢫ ࡟ ࡶ ࠸ ࠸ ࡜ ᛮ ࠸ ࡲ ࡍ ࠋ ヰ ࡋ ྜ ࠺ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ ⡆ ༢ ࡟ ၥ 㢟 ࡀ ゎ Ỵ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ ࠿ ࡽ ࡛ ࡍ ࠋ

⚾ ࡣ ࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡀ ዲ ࡁ ࡛ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ

㸷 㸬၏ ୍ ࡢ ᕼ ᮃ ࡣ ࠊࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ࡛ ά ື ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ᭱ ప 㝈 ࡢ ࡸ ࡿ Ẽ ࢆ ᣢ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ே ࡜ ྠ ࡌ ࢳ

࣮ ࣒ ࡞ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ ࡍ ࠋ

10㸬 ࠶ ࡲ ࡾ ᙺ ࡟ ❧ ࡓ ࡞ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ ຮ ᙉ ࡋ ࡚ ᮶ ࡞ ࠸ ே ࡜ ྠ ࡌ ࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ࡜ ࡁ ࠊࠕ ࠶ ࡞ ࡓ ࡀ ⮬ ศ ࡛ ⟅ ࠼ ࢆ Ỵ ࡵ ࡚ ࠖ࡜ ゝ ࢃ ࢀ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋࡑ ࢇ ࡞ ࡜ ࡁ ࠊᚰ ࡢ ୰ ࡛ ࡇ ࢀ ࡣ ࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡞ ࡢ ࠿ ࠊಶ ே ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡞ ࡢ ࠿ ࡜ ⮬ ၥ ⮬ ⟅ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡓ ࠋࡲ ࡓ ࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࢆ ࡋ ࡓ ࠸ ࠿ ࡜ ⪺ ࠿

ࢀ ࢀ ࡤ ࠊ ศ ࠿ ࡽ ࡞ ࠸ ࡜ ᛮ ࠺ ࠋ

11㸬ࢡ ࣛ ࢫ ࣓ ࣮ ࢺ ྠ ኈ ࡛ ༠ ྠ ࢫ ࢟ ࣝ ࢆ Ꮫ ࡪ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ࡛ ࡁ ࡓ ࡜ ᛮ ࠺ ࠋ࡛ ࡶ ࠊከ ࡃ ࡢ ሙ ྜ ࠊࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ࡢ ୰ ࡛ ୍ ␒ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ ே ࡀ ୍ ே ࡛ 㐍 ࡵ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ឤ ࡌ ࡀ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋࡑ ࡢ ࡓ ࡵ ࠊ୍ ே ࡛ ࡍ ࡿ ࠿ ࢳ ࣮

࣒ ࡛ ࡍ ࡿ ࠿ 㑅 ᢥ ࡋ ࠊ ୍ ே ࡛ ࡋ ࡓ ሙ ྜ ࡣ ຍ Ⅼ ࡀ ࡶ ࡽ ࠼ ࡿ ࡞ ࡝ ࡢ 㓄 ៖ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࡜ ࠸ ࠸ ࠋ 12㸬 ࠸ ࠸ ࡜ ࡇ ࢁ ࡣ ࠊ ࢢ ࣝ ࣮ ࣉ ࡢ ௚ ࡢ ே ࡜ ヰ ࡍ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ ࠸ ࠸ ⟅ ࠼ ࢆ 㑅 ࡪ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ ࡍ ࠋ

ᝏ ࠸ ࡜ ࡇ ࢁ ࡣ ⪃ ࠼ ࡀ ␗ ࡞ ࡿ ࡜ ࡁ ࠊ ⟅ ࠼ ࢆ ୍ ࡘ ࡟ 㑅 ࡪ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ࡛ ࡁ ࡞ ࠸ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ ࡍ ࠋ

13㸬࡜ ࡚ ࡶ Ⰻ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ࡛ ࡍ ࠋ࣓ ࣥ ࣂ ࣮ ࡢ ▱ ㆑ ࢆ ࢩ ࢙ ࢔ ࡋ ࡚ ࡲ ࡜ ࡵ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ ࠿ ࡽ ࡛ ࡍ ࠋࡇ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ࡸ ࡾ ᪉ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ ࠊ Ꮫ ⩦ ⪅ ࡢ ▱ ㆑ ࢆ ఙ ࡤ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡅ ࡿ ࡜ ᛮ ࠸ ࡲ ࡍ ࠋ

⮬ ⏤ グ ㏙ ࡢ ⤖ ᯝ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࠊ 㸰 Ⅼ ὀ ┠ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋ 㸯 Ⅼ ┠ ࡣ 㸶 ࡸ 13ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ෆ ࡛ ┦ ㄯ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ࠊ㏿ ࡃ ṇ ࡋ ࠸ ゎ ⟅ ࢆ ᑟ ࡁ ฟ ࡏ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡟ ຍ ࠼ ࠊ༠ ྠ ⓗ ࡞ Ꮫ ࡧ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ▱ ㆑ ࡀ ᗈ ࡀ ࡗ

࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ホ ౯ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ Ⅼ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ ࡶ ࠺ 㸯 Ⅼ ࡣ 㸰 ࠊ10ࠊ11 ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ෆ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ࡛ ࡁ

ࡿ Ꮫ ⏕ ࡀ ඛ ᑟ ࡋ ࡚ ၥ 㢟 ࢆ ゎ ࡁ ࠊ࡛ ࡁ ࡞ ࠸ Ꮫ ⏕ ࡣ ࡑ ࢀ ࢆ ぢ Ᏺ ࡿ ࡜ ࠸ ࡗ ࡓ ᙧ ࡛ 㐍 ࡳ ࠊ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ Ꮫ ⏕ ࡟

࡜ ࡗ ࡚ ࡣ ᐇ ㉁ ಶ ே ࡛ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࢆ ཷ ࡅ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡢ ࡜ ྠ ࡌ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࡞ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡬ ࡢ ྰ ᐃ ⓗ ࡞ ホ ౯ ࢆ ᣢ ࡗ ࡚

(10)

࠸ ࡿ Ⅼ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ

㸬 ⪃ ᐹ

༠ ྠ ⓗ ࡞ Ꮫ ࡧ

4.1 ࡢ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ⤖ ᯝ ࡜ ࣄ ࢫ ࢺ ࢢ ࣛ ࣒ ࠿ ࡽ ࠊ ࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡛ ࡣ ࠊ ࢡ ࣛ ࢫ ෆ ࠊ ࡲ ࡓ ࡣ ࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ෆ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ᕪ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࠊᚓ Ⅼ ୗ ఩ ⪅ ࡀ ᚓ Ⅼ ୖ ఩ ⪅ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ᘬ ࡁ ୖ ࡆ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ศ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ≉ ࡟

⾲ 㸰 ࠿ ࡽ ࠊ ᡂ ⦼ ୗ ఩ ⪅ ࡣ iRAT ࡛ 㸲 ๭ ࠿ ࡽ 㸴 ๭ ⛬ ᗘ ࡢ ṇ ⟅ ⋡ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡟ ࡶ ࠿ ࠿ ࢃ ࡽ ࡎ ࠊtRAT ࡣ 㸷 ๭ ௨ ୖ ࡢ ᚓ Ⅼ ࢆ ྲྀ ࡗ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ ࠊ 㣕 ㌍ ⓗ ࡟ ṇ ⟅ ⋡ ࡀ ୖ ࡀ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ศ ࠿ ࡿ ࠋ ࡲ ࡓ ࠊ4.2

⏤ グ ㏙ 㸵 ࡢࠕ ࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ࡢ ࡳ ࢇ ࡞ ࡀ ヰ ࡍ ࡜ ࠸ ࠸ Ⅼ ᩘ ࡟ ࡞ ࡿ ࡋ ࠊ…ࠖ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࠊヰ ࡋ ྜ ࠸ ࡢ ୰ ࡛ ⮬ ศ ࡢ 㛫 㐪 ࠸ ࡟ Ẽ ࡙ ࡁ ࠊṇ ࡋ ࠸ ⟅ ࠼ ࡜ ᑟ ࠿ ࢀ ࡿ ᵝ Ꮚ ࠿ ࡽ ࠊࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ࡛ ྠ ࡌ ၥ 㢟 ࡟ ྲྀ ࡾ ⤌ ࡴ ࡇ ࡜ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ

࡚ ༠ ྠ ⓗ ࡞ Ꮫ ࡧ ࡀ ಁ 㐍 ࡉ ࢀ ࠊ ▱ ㆑ ࡀ ᗈ ࡀ ࡗ ࡓ ࡢ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࠸ ࠿ ࡜ ᥎   ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋ ࡲ ࡓ ࠊ4.2 ⮬ ⏤ グ ㏙ 㸴 ࡢࠕ ┿ 㠃 ┠ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࠸ Ꮫ ⏕ ࡀ 㞴 ࡋ ࠸ ▱ ㆑ ࡸ ၥ 㢟 ࡢ ゎ ࡁ ᪉ ࢆ Ꮫ ࡪ ࡟ ࡣ ࠸ ࠸ ᪉ ἲ ࡔ ࡜ ᛮ ࠺ ࠖ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ グ ㏙ ࠿ ࡽ ࠊ ᡂ ⦼ ୖ ఩ ⪅ ࠿ ࡽ ᡂ ⦼ ୗ ఩ ⪅ ࡟ ᑐ ࡋ ࠊ ᭷ ┈ ࡞ Ꮫ ࡧ ࡢ ᶵ ఍ ࢆ ୚ ࠼ ࡚ ࠸ ࡓ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ศ ࠿ ࡿ ࠋ ᐇ 㝿 ࠊtRAT ࢆ ⾜ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㛫 ࠊ ࡞ ࡐ ࡇ ࡢ 㑅 ᢥ ⫥ ࡣ 㛫 㐪 ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡚ ࠊ ࡇ ࡢ 㑅 ᢥ ⫥ ࡀ ṇ ࡋ ࠸ ࠿ ࢆ ㄝ ᫂ ࡍ ࡿ ఍ ヰ ࡶ ከ ࡃ ⪺ ࠿ ࢀ ࡓ ࠋ

୍ ᪉ ࠊ4.2⮬ ⏤ グ ㏙11ࡢࠕ ከ ࡃ ࡢ ሙ ྜ ࠊࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ࡢ ୰ ࡛ ୍ ␒ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ ே ࡀ ୍ ே ࡛ 㐍 ࡵ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ឤ ࡌ ࡀ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ ࠖࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ព ぢ ࡀ 」 ᩘ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ ࡇ ࡜ ࠿ ࡽ ࠊࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ࡢ ୰ ࡛ ᭱ ࡶ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ Ꮫ ⩦ ⪅ ࡀ ඛ ᑟ ࡋ ࡚ ၥ 㢟 ࢆ ゎ ࡃ ࡜ ྠ ᫬ ࡟ ᡂ ⦼ ୗ ఩ ࡢ Ꮫ ⩦ ⪅ ࡟ ゎ ἲ ࡢ ௙ ᪉ ࢆ ㄝ ᫂ ࡍ ࡿ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ᅛ ᐃ ໬ ࡋ ࡓ ᙧ ࡜ ᙺ ๭ ࡀ

࡛ ࡁ ࡚ ࠸ ࡓ ྍ ⬟ ᛶ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ ༠ ྠ Ꮫ ⩦ ࡢ ≉ ᚩ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࠊJohnson ௚ 㸦1993㸧 ࡣ ⾲ 㸲 ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ㏙ ࡭

࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡀ ࠊ ࡇ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ᅛ ᐃ ໬ ࡋ ࡓ ୍ ᪉ ⓗ ࡞ ᙺ ๭ 㛵 ಀ ࡢ ୰ ࡛ ࡣ ࠊ ᑡ ࡞ ࡃ ࡜ ࡶ 㸯 ࡢ ┦ ஫ ༠ ຊ 㛵 ಀ ࠊ 㸰 ࡢ ಶ ே ࡢ ㈐ ௵ ࠊ㸲 ࡢ ࣜ ࣮ ࢲ ࣮ ࢩ ࢵ ࣉ ࡢ ศ ᢸ ࡞ ࡝ ࡢ ≉ ᚩ ࢆ ‶ ࡓ ࡏ ࡞ ࠸ ྍ ⬟ ᛶ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࡜ ᛮ ࢃ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋ

ࡶ ࡕ ࢁ ࢇ ࠊ࢔ ࣥ ࢣ ࣮ ࢺ ⤖ ᯝ ࡛ ࡣ ࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡣ ᙺ ࡟ ❧ ࡗ ࡓ ࠊ࠾ ࡶ ࡋ ࢁ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ࡜ ᅇ ⟅ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ Ꮫ

⩦ ⪅ ࡀ ከ ᩘ ࢆ ༨ ࡵ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ ࠊㄝ ᫂ ࡍ ࡿ Ꮫ ⩦ ⮬ ㌟ ࡶ ㄝ ᫂ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ Ꮫ ⩦ ࡀ ῝ ࡲ ࡾ ࠊே 㛫 㛵 ಀ ࡸ ༠ ྠ ࢫ ࢟ ࣝ ࡢ ᵓ ⠏ ࡞ ࡝ ࡟ ࡘ ࡞ ࡀ ࡗ ࡓ ࡢ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࠸ ࠿ ࡜ ᛮ ࢃ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋ

⾲ 㸲 ༠ ྠ Ꮫ ⩦ ࡢ ≉ ᚩ 㸦Johnson, 1993㸧 㸯 㸬 ┦ ஫ ༠ ຊ 㛵 ಀ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ

㸰 㸬 ಶ ே ࡢ ㈐ ௵ ࡀ ࡿ 㸱 㸬 ࣓ ࣥ ࣂ ࣮ ࡣ ␗ ㉁ ࡛ ⦅ ᡂ 㸲 㸬 ࣜ ࣮ ࢲ ࣮ ࢩ ࢵ ࣉ ࡢ ศ ᢸ ࢆ ࡍ ࡿ 㸳 㸬 ┦ ஫ ಙ 㢗 㛵 ಀ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ

㸴 㸬 ㄢ 㢟 ࡜ ே 㛫 㛵 ಀ ࡀ ᙉ ㄪ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ 㸵 㸬 ♫ ఍ ⓗ ࢫ ࢟ ࣝ ࡀ ┤ ᥋ ᩍ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ 㸶 㸬 ᩍ ᖌ ࡣ ࢢ ࣝ ࣮ ࣉ ࢆ ほ ᐹ ࠊ ㄪ ᩚ ࡍ ࡿ 㸷 㸬 ࢢ ࣝ ࣮ ࣉ ᨵ ၿ ࡢ ᡭ ⥆ ࡁ ࡀ ྲྀ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ

ࡑ ࢀ ࡛ ࡣ ࠊ࡞ ࡐ ࡇ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ᅛ ᐃ ໬ ࡋ ࡓ ᙺ ๭ ࡀ ࡛ ࡁ ࡚ ࡋ ࡲ ࡗ ࡓ ࡢ ࡔ ࢁ ࠺ ࠿ ࠋࡇ ࡢ ࡇ ࡜ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࠊ ࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡟ ୚ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ ㄢ 㢟 ࡢ ✀ 㢮 ࠊࡘ ࡲ ࡾ ၥ 㢟 ࡢ ㉁ ࡀ ኱ ࡁ ࡃ ᙳ 㡪 ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡜ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࡓ

ࡵ ࠊ ྲྀ ࡾ ୖ ࡆ ࡚ ㆟ ㄽ ࡋ ࡓ ࠸ ࡜ ᛮ ࠺ ࠋ

(11)

㸬 ⪃ ᐹ

༠ ྠ ⓗ ࡞ Ꮫ ࡧ

ၥ 㢟 ࡢ ㉁

ࡣ ࡌ ࡵ ࡟ TBL඲ య ࡛ ⪃ ࠼ ࡿ ࡜ ࠊiRAT㸦tRAT㸧 ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡣ TBL࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ࡶ Ỵ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ ⠊ ᅖ

࠿ ࡽ ᢥ ୍ ၥ 㢟 ࢆ స ᡂ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ᥎ ዡ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ ࠊ≉ ࡟ ኱ ࡁ ࡞ ၥ 㢟 ࡣ ࡞ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ࡢ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࠸ ࠿ ࡜ ᛮ

ࢃ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋ௚ ᪉ ࠊᮏ ᐇ ㊶ ࡛ ࡣ ᛂ ⏝ ₇ ⩦ ㄢ 㢟 ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ࡶ ₎ Ꮠ ࡢ ᭩ ࡁ ྲྀ ࡾ ࡸ ㄞ ゎ ࡢ ၥ 㢟 ࢆ ᢥ ୍ ၥ 㢟 ࡛ ᥦ ฟ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡓ ࠋ ୍ ⯡ ⓗ ࡟ ᛂ ⏝ ₇ ⩦ ㄢ 㢟 ࡣ ࠊiRAT ࡢ ▱ ㆑ ࢆ ᛂ ⏝ ࡋ ࡚ 㐩 ᡂ ࡍ ࡿ ๰ 㐀 ⓗ ࡞ ㄢ 㢟 ࡀ ୚ ࠼

ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࡀ ࠊ ᮏ ᐇ ㊶ ࡛ ࡣ ₎ Ꮠ ࣭ ㄒ ᙡ ࡢ ᤵ ᴗ ࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ ࡇ ࡜ ࠊ ᚟ ⩦ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ TBL ࢆ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ ࡇ ࡜

࡞ ࡝ ࠿ ࡽ ᛂ ⏝ ₇ ⩦ ㄢ 㢟 ࡶ ᢥ ୍ ၥ 㢟 ࡛ ᥦ ฟ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ

ࡇ ࡇ ࡛ ၥ 㢟 ࡢ ㉁ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ᩚ ⌮ ࡋ ࡚ ࡳ ࡼ ࠺ ࠋRobinson2001㸧 ࡣ ࢱ ࢫ ࢡ ࡢ ᵓ ᡂ せ ⣲ ࡢ ୰ ࡢ ࢱ ࢫ ࢡ ࡢ ᮲ ௳ ࡢ ୍ ࡘ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ Openࢱ ࢫ ࢡ ࡜ Closedࢱ ࢫ ࢡ ࢆ ศ ࡅ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋOpenࢱ ࢫ ࢡ ࡜ ࡣ ࠊ၏ ୍

⤯ ᑐ ࡢ ṇ ゎ ࡣ ࡞ ࡃ ࠊ 㐺 ษ ࡞ ṇ ゎ ࡟ ᖜ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ࢱ ࢫ ࢡ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ ࠊClosed ࢱ ࢫ ࢡ ࡜ ࡣ ࠊ ၏ ୍ ⤯ ᑐ ࡢ ṇ ゎ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ࢱ ࢫ ࢡ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ ࡲ ࡓ ࠊDuff㸦1986㸧 ࡣ ࢱ ࢫ ࢡ ࡢ ࢦ ࣮ ࣝ ࡢ ᛶ ㉁ ࠿ ࡽ ཰ ᮰ ࢱ ࢫ ࢡ ࡜ ᣑ ᩓ ࢱ ࢫ ࢡ ࡟ ศ 㢮 ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋ཰ ᮰ ࢱ ࢫ ࢡ ࡜ ࡣ ࠊཧ ຍ ⪅ ࡀ ≉ ᐃ ࡢ ၥ 㢟 ࢆ ゎ Ỵ ࡍ ࡿ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺

ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ Ꮫ ⩦ ⪅ ࡀ ඹ ㏻ ࡢ ࢦ ࣮ ࣝ ࢆ 㐩 ᡂ ࡋ ࡼ ࠺ ࡜ ࡍ ࡿ ࢱ ࢫ ࢡ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ ࠊᣑ ᩓ ࢱ ࢫ ࢡ ࡜ ࡣ ࠊࢹ ࢕ ࣋ ࣮ ࢺ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ཧ ຍ ⪅ ࡀ ⊂ ❧ ࡋ ࡓ ࢦ ࣮ ࣝ ࢆ ┠ ᣦ ࡍ ࢱ ࢖ ࣉ ࡢ ࢱ ࢫ ࢡ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋࡇ ࡢ 㸰 ࡘ ࡢ ほ Ⅼ ࠿ ࡽ ၥ 㢟 ࡢ

㉁ ࢆ ᩚ ⌮ ࡋ ࡓ ࡶ ࡢ ࡀ ᅗ 19࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ

ࢱ ࢫ ࢡ ࡢ ࢦ ࣮ ࣝ

཰ ᮰ ࢱ ࢫ ࢡ ᣑ ᩓ ࢱ ࢫ ࢡ

Open ࢱ ࢫ ࢡ

A

၏ ୍ ⤯ ᑐ ࡢ ṇ ゎ ࡣ ࡞

࠸ ࡀ ࠊᏛ ⩦ ⪅ ࡣ ඹ ㏻ ࡢ ࢦ ࣮ ࣝ ࢆ ┠ ᣦ ࡍ

B

၏ ୍ ⤯ ᑐ ࡢ ṇ ゎ ࡣ ࡞ ࡃ ࠊᏛ ⩦ ⪅ ࡣ ⊂ ❧ ࡋ ࡓ ࢦ ࣮ ࣝ ࢆ ┠ ᣦ ࡍ

Closed ࢱ ࢫ ࢡ

C

၏ ୍ ⤯ ᑐ ࡢ ṇ ゎ ࡀ ࠶

ࡾ ࠊᏛ ⩦ ⪅ ࡣ ࡑ ࡢ ṇ ゎ

ࢆ ┠ ᣦ ࡍ

D

၏ ୍ ⤯ ᑐ ࡢ ṇ ゎ ࡀ ࠶

ࡿ ࡀ ࠊᏛ ⩦ ⪅ ࡣ ⊂ ❧ ࡋ ࡓ ࢦ ࣮ ࣝ ࢆ ┠ ᣦ ࡍ 19 ၥ 㢟 ࡢ ㉁

AC࣭BDࡢ ิ ࡣ ࢱ ࢫ ࢡ ࡢ ࢦ ࣮ ࣝ ࡢ ほ Ⅼ ࠿ ࡽ ཰ ᮰ ࢱ ࢫ ࢡ ࡜ ᣑ ᩓ ࢱ ࢫ ࢡ ࢆ ศ ࡅ ࠊAB࣭CDࡢ ⾜ ࡣ ࢱ ࢫ ࢡ ࡢ ᮲ ௳ ࡢ ほ Ⅼ ࠿ ࡽOpenࢱ ࢫ ࢡ ࡜Closedࢱ ࢫ ࢡ ࢆ ศ ࡅ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋAࡣ ཰ ᮰ ࢱ ࢫ ࢡ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ ࠊ Openࢱ ࢫ ࢡ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࠿ ࡽ ࠊࠕ ၏ ୍ ⤯ ᑐ ࡢ ṇ ゎ ࡣ ࡞ ࠸ ࡀ ࠊᏛ ⩦ ⪅ ࡣ ඹ ㏻ ࡢ ࢦ ࣮ ࣝ ࢆ ┠ ᣦ ࡍ ࠖࢱ ࢫ ࢡ ࡟ ࡞ ࡿ ࠋB ࡣ ᣑ ᩓ ࢱ ࢫ ࢡ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ ࠊOpen ࢱ ࢫ ࢡ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࠿ ࡽ ࠊࠕ ၏ ୍ ⤯ ᑐ ࡢ ṇ ゎ ࡣ ࡞ ࡃ ࠊ Ꮫ ⩦ ⪅ ࡣ ⊂ ❧ ࡋ ࡓ ࢦ ࣮ ࣝ ࢆ ┠ ᣦ ࡍ ࠖ ࢱ ࢫ ࢡ ࡟ ࡞ ࡿ ࠋC ࡣ ཰ ᮰ ࢱ ࢫ ࢡ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ ࠊClosed ࢱ ࢫ ࢡ ࡛

࠶ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࠿ ࡽ ࠊࠕ ၏ ୍ ⤯ ᑐ ࡢ ṇ ゎ ࡀ ࠶ ࡾ ࠊ Ꮫ ⩦ ⪅ ࡣ ࡑ ࡢ ṇ ゎ ࢆ ┠ ᣦ ࡍ ࠖ ࢱ ࢫ ࢡ ࡟ ࡞ ࡿ ࠋD ࡣ ᣑ ᩓ ࢱ ࢫ ࢡ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ ࠊClosedࢱ ࢫ ࢡ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࠿ ࡽ ࠊࠕ ၏ ୍ ⤯ ᑐ ࡢ ṇ ゎ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࡀ ࠊ Ꮫ ⩦ ⪅ ࡣ ⊂ ❧ ࡋ ࡓ ࢦ ࣮ ࣝ ࢆ ┠ ᣦ ࡍ ࠖࢱ ࢫ ࢡ ࡟ ࡞ ࡿ ࡀ ࠊ၏ ୍ ⤯ ᑐ ࡢ ṇ ゎ ࡀ ࠶ ࡾ ࡞ ࡀ ࡽ ࠊᏛ ⩦ ⪅ ࡣ ⊂ ❧ ࡋ ࡓ ࢦ ࣮ ࣝ

ࢆ ┠ ᣦ ࡍ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ࡇ ࡜ ࠿ ࡽ ㄽ ⌮ ⓗ ࡟ ▩ ┪ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ᛮ ࢃ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋ

ᮏ ᐇ ㊶ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ᛂ ⏝ ₇ ⩦ ㄢ 㢟 ࡢ ၥ 㢟 ࢆ ⪃ ࠼ ࡚ ࡳ ࡿ ࡜ ࠊ₎ Ꮠ ࡢ ᭩ ࡁ ྲྀ ࡾ ࢆ 㑅 ᢥ ⫥ ࡢ ୰ ࠿ ࡽ 㑅 ࢇ ࡔ ࡾ ࠊᩥ ❶ ࢆ ㄞ ࢇ ࡛ ෆ ᐜ ࡢ ṇ ࡋ ࡉ ࡞ ࡝ ࢆ 㑅 ᢥ ⫥ ࡢ ୰ ࠿ ࡽ 㑅 ࢇ ࡔ ࡾ ࡍ ࡿ ၥ 㢟 ࡣ Cࡢࠕ ၏ ୍ ⤯ ᑐ ࡢ ṇ ゎ ࡀ ࠶ ࡾ ࠊᏛ ⩦ ⪅ ࡣ ࡑ ࡢ ṇ ゎ ࢆ ┠ ᣦ ࡍ ࠖࢱ ࢖ ࣉ ࡢ ࢱ ࢫ ࢡ ࡟ ศ 㢮 ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋࡇ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ࢱ ࢖ ࣉ ࡢ

(12)

ㄢ 㢟 ࡛ ࡣ ࠊ၏ ୍ ⤯ ᑐ ࡢ ṇ ゎ ࢆ ☜ ಙ ⓗ ࡟ ▱ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ Ꮫ ⩦ ⪅ ࡀ ☜ ಙ ᗘ ࡀ ప ࠸ Ꮫ ⩦ ⪅ ࡸ ṇ ゎ ࡀ ศ ࠿ ࡽ

࡞ ࠸ Ꮫ ⩦ ⪅ ࡟ ☜ ಙ ࡍ ࡿ ⌮ ⏤ ࢆ ㄝ ᫂ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡟ ࡞ ࡿ ࡔ ࢁ ࠺ ࠋ☜ ಙ ᗘ ࡢ 㐪 ࠸ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ㆟ ㄽ ࡀ ῝ ࡲ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡶ ࠶ ࡿ ࡔ ࢁ ࠺ ࡀ ࠊ☜ ಙ ᗘ ࡀ 㧗 ࠸ Ꮫ ⩦ ⪅ ࡜ ⟅ ࠼ ࡀ ศ ࠿ ࡽ ࡞ ࠸ Ꮫ ⩦ ⪅ ࡀ ྠ ࡌ ࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ࡜ ࡁ ࡣ ☜ ಙ ᗘ ࡀ 㧗 ࠸ Ꮫ ⩦ ⪅ ࠿ ࡽ ⟅ ࠼ ࢆ ▱ ࡽ ࡞ ࠸ Ꮫ ⩦ ⪅ ࡬ ࡜ ୍ ᪉ ⓗ ࡞ ▱ ㆑ ࡢ ఏ 㐩 ࡀ ⾜ ࢃ ࢀ ࡿ ࡜ ᛮ

ࢃ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋᮏ ᐇ ㊶ ࢆ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ ࢡ ࣛ ࢫ ࡛ ࡶ ᡂ ⦼ ୖ ఩ ⪅ ࡜ ୗ ఩ ⪅ ࡢ 㛫 ࡟ ࡣ iRATࡢ Ⅼ ᩘ ࡟ ኱ ࡁ ࡞ 㛤 ࡁ ࡀ

࠶ ࡾ ࠊࡇ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ 㸰 ⪅ ࡀ ྠ ࡌ ࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ሙ ྜ ࡟ ࠊ▱ ㆑ ࡢ ୚ ࠼ ᡭ ࡜ ཷ ࡅ ᡭ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ᙺ ๭ ࡢ ᅛ ᐃ

໬ ࡟ ࡘ ࡞ ࡀ ࡗ ࡓ ࡢ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࠸ ࠿ ࡜ ᛮ ࢃ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋ

ࡋ ࡓ ࡀ ࡗ ࡚ ࠊᙺ ๭ ࢆ ᅛ ᐃ ໬ ࡉ ࡏ ࡞ ࠸ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࡋ ࠊ┦ ஫ ༠ ຊ 㛵 ಀ ࢆ స ࡾ ࠊಶ ே ࡀ ㈐ ௵ ࢆ ᣢ ࡚ ࡿ ࡼ

࠺ ࡟ ࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ࡟ ࡣ ࠊA Bࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࠊ⤯ ᑐ ⓗ ࡞ ṇ ゎ ࡀ ࡞ ࠸ ၥ 㢟 ࢆ స ᡂ ࡍ ࡿ ᚲ せ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࡜ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ

ࢀ ࡿ ࠋ ࡲ ࡓ ࠊPica, Kanagy, and Falodun㸦1993㸧 ࡣ Closed ࢱ ࢫ ࢡ ࡢ ࡯ ࠺ ࡀ ゝ ㄒ ᙧ ᘧ ࡢ ṇ ☜ ࡉ ࡀ ồ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ࠊOpen ࢱ ࢫ ࢡ ࡼ ࡾ ࡶ ຠ ᯝ ࡀ 㧗 ࠸ ࡜ ㏙ ࡭ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ ࠊ ᮏ ᐇ ㊶ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ₎ Ꮠ ࡸ ㄒ ᙡ ࡢ ᤵ ᴗ ࡛ ࡣ Aࡢࠕ ၏ ୍ ⤯ ᑐ ࡢ ṇ ゎ ࡣ ࡞ ࠸ ࡀ ࠊᏛ ⩦ ⪅ ࡣ ඹ ㏻ ࡢ ࢦ ࣮ ࣝ ࢆ ┠ ᣦ ࡍ ࠖࢱ ࢖ ࣉ ࡢ ࢱ ࢫ ࢡ ࢆ స ᡂ ࡍ ࡭ ࡁ ࡔ ࡗ ࡓ ࡢ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࠸ ࠿ ࡜ ᛮ ࢃ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋ

㸬 ࡲ ࡜ ࡵ ࡜ ௒ ᚋ ࡢ ㄢ 㢟

ᮏ ᐇ ㊶ ࡛ ࡣ ࠊ ₎ Ꮠ ࣭ ㄒ ᙡ ࡢ ࢡ ࣛ ࢫ ࡟ ⏕ ࡌ ࡿ Ꮫ ⩦ ⪅ 㛫 ࡢ ᕪ ࢆ ⏕ ࠿ ࡍ ࡇ ࡜ ࡣ ࡛ ࡁ ࡞ ࠸ ࠿ ࡜ ⪃ ࠼ ࠊ

₎ Ꮠ࣭ㄒ ᙡ ࡢ ᤵ ᴗ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ᚟ ⩦ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࢆ ༠ ྠ Ꮫ ⩦ ἲ ࡢ ୍ ࡘ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿTBLࡢ ᡭ ἲ ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ ࡚ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ ࡑ ࡢ ⤖ ᯝ ࠊ༠ ྠ Ꮫ ⩦ ࡢ Ꮫ ࡧ ྜ ࠸ ࡢ ୰ ࡛ ࠊ≉ ࡟ ᡂ ⦼ ୗ ఩ ⪅ ࡀ ┠ ❧ ࡗ ࡚ ▱ ㆑ ࡢ ᖜ ࢆ ᗈ ࡆ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ศ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋࡲ ࡓ ࠊ࢔ ࣥ ࢣ ࣮ ࢺ ⤖ ᯝ ࠿ ࡽ ࡇ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ࡛ ⾜ ࠺ ᚟ ⩦ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࠊ࠾ ࠾ ࡴ ࡡ ‶ ㊊ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡶ ศ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ୍ ᪉ ࠊࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ෆ ࡛ ඛ ᑟ ࡋ ࡚ ゎ ⟅ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡃ Ꮫ ⩦ ⪅ ࡢ ୰ ࡟ ࡣ ┦ ஫ ༠ ຊ 㛵 ಀ ࡀ ஈ ࡋ ࠸ ࡜ ࡢ ព ぢ ࡀ ぢ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ ࠋࡇ ࡢ ࡇ ࡜ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࠊண ࡵ Ỵ ࡲ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ၏ ୍ ࡢ ṇ ゎ ࢆ ࢳ

࣮ ࣒ ࡢ ࣓ ࣥ ࣂ ࣮ ඲ ဨ ࡛ ⪃ ࠼ ࡿ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ᛂ ⏝ ₇ ⩦ ㄢ 㢟 ࡢ ၥ 㢟 ࡢ ㉁ ࡟ ၥ 㢟 ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ♧ ၀ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࠋ ௒ ᚋ ࡣ ࠊ ၥ 㢟 ࡢ ㉁ ࢆ ࡼ ࡃ ᳨ ウ ࡋ ࡘ ࡘ ࠊ ௒ ᅇ ‶ ࡓ ࡏ ࡞ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ Johnson ௚ 㸦1993㸧 ࡢ ௚ ࡢ ༠ ྠ Ꮫ ⩦ ࡢ ≉ ᚩ ࡶ ‶ ࡓ ࡏ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ࠊ ‽ ഛ ࡜ 㐍 ࡵ ᪉ ࡟ ὀ ព ࡋ ࡓ ࠸ ࡜ ᛮ ࠺ ࠋ

ཧ ⪃ ᩥ ⊩

஬ ༑ ᔒ ࡺ ࠿ ࡾ ࣭ 㣤 ⏣ ┿ ⌮ Ꮚ ࣭ ᪂ ⚟ ὒ Ꮚ 㸦 㸧ࠗ ࢺ ࣛ ࢖ 㸟 ┳ ㆤ ࡟ 7%/̿ ࢳ ࣮ ࣒ ᇶ ┙ ᆺ Ꮫ ⩦ ̿ ࡢ

࢟ ࢯ ࠘ ་ Ꮫ ᭩ 㝔

బ ࠎ ᮌ ோ Ꮚ ࣭ ᯇ ᮏ ⣖ Ꮚ 㸦 㸧ࠗ ᪥ ᮏ ㄒ ⥲ ࡲ ࡜ ࡵ 1㸲 ࠿ ࢇ ࡌ ࡇ ࡜ ࡤ ࠘ ࢔ ࢫ ࢡ ฟ ∧

Duff, P. (1986). Another look at interlanguage talk: Taking task to task. In R. Day (Ed.), Talking to learn. pp. 147-181. Rowley: Newbury House.

Johnson, D. W. and Johnson, R. T., Holubec, E. J. (1993) Circles of learning: Cooperation in the classroom (4th ed.). Interaction Book Company. (ᮡ Ụ ಟ ἞ ௚ ヂ Ꮫ ⩦ ࡢ ㍯ ̺ ࢔

࣓ ࣜ ࢝ ༠ ྠ Ꮫ ⩦ ධ 㛛 ̺ ஧ ⎼ ♫

Michaelsen, K., Knight, B., & Fink, D. (2004). Team-based learning: A transformative use of small groups in higher education. Sterling, VA: Stylus.

Pica, T., Kanagy, R., & Falodun, J. (1993). Choosing and using communication tasks for second language (instruction and research. In C. Crookes, & S. Gass (Eds.), Tasks and second language learning: Integrating theory and practice pp. 9-34. Clevedon, UK:

Multilingual Matters.)

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㸬 ࡲ ࡜ ࡵ ࡜ ௒ ᚋ ࡢ ㄢ 㢟

ཧ ⪃ ᩥ ⊩

Robinson, P. (2001a). Task complexity, cognitive resources and second language syllabus design. In P. Robinson (Ed.), Cognition and second language instruction pp. 287-318.

Cambridge, UK: Cambridge (University Press.)

ᮅ ᪥ ኱ Ꮫ ␃ Ꮫ ⏕ ู ⛉

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