Astro-E Hard X-ray Detector
under
High Counting Environments
Chiharu Tanihata
Department of Physics,
1 Intro duction 3
2 The Hard X-ray Detector 5
2.1 General Principles. . . 5
2.2 Details of the Phoswich Counter . . . 6
2.3 The Expected Sensitivity and Resolution . . . 8
2.4 Signal Processing of the HXD . . . 11
2.4.1 Concept of the Electronics . . . 11
2.4.2 Outline of the Electronics . . . 12
2.5 High Background Counting inOrbit. . . 14
2.5.1 The DetectorBackground Components . . . 14
3 Design and Test of the Signal Processing of the HXD 17 3.1 Outline. . . 17
3.2 Signal Processing of the Well-typ ePhoswichCounter . . . 20
3.2.1 Overview . . . 20
3.2.2 AnodeAmplier . . . 21
3.2.3 Preamplier . . . 23
3.2.4 Gain Amplier . . . 24
3.2.5 Pulse Shape Discrimination (PSD) . . . 26
3.2.6 Hit Pattern . . . 28
3.2.7 Super Upp erDiscrimination . . . 30
3.3 Signal Processing of the PIN diodes . . . 34
3.3.1 Outline . . . 34
3.3.2 Preamplier . . . 36
3.3.3 Gain Amplier . . . 36
3.3.4 Base Line Restorer . . . 37
3.3.5 Eects of the Clumping before the PIN LSI . . . 39
3.4 TriggerLogic . . . 42
3.4.1 TriggerSequence . . . 42
3.4.2 Reject and Inhibiting . . . 43
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360
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10k
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22k
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ANODE_LD
DELAYED_TRG
SLOW_LD
HIT_PATTERN
delay
width
4µs
refer
PIN_LD
DELAYED_TRG
SLOW_LD
HIT_PATTERN
4µs
refer
delay
width
(a) for PMT triggers
(b) for PIN triggers
∆
slow
∆
pin
=# F *## $ 12 ;##1)2 45
##
0 # *( 6&, 6 * /5&
6 # 6&, 6 # # ) B )##
6&, 6 # # , # *
B )## ) B B )
# )
6&, 6 6/O )*
# * ) "01
B 1
(# *
# *) "01
) * # # ) "
$4 / 5 *) "
, * 1 B (
" B ) - .
& B $4 / 5 # * )) ) ) 45
) / *# 0# 1)2
(# * # *0B # " * )
* #B * ; #B " B
- +. B .
* ) ; 45 #B $4 / 5 #
) # ) )# * 45 #
* ) B # ) *
<
) $ *
,# # '&B # #B(
* * *0 .. ;D
# 0# B# (D# , #
1 0#2B * ##B #
49*B )##
/ * # * #B )
*0 * 1 ;D2B < 4
B N #B )
## *B * ) #
SUD
(a)
(b)
=# F *0 12 .. ;D 1)2 (D
# # , *( 1 2
# # D #
B # D # # B
*( *0 *0 #
# # 0# "12 7 *0
".. *DB # ) $B
7 # # /# 7
# * # *0 B *
. ;DB * .. *D 6 $B . *D
$ 6 # 3 7# 0#
,*( ) ### B 0#
,9 #*##*#3
#B 4 N
B # * ) *# # # 3 #
12
1)2
*+
CSA
HXD-S
300M
1p
2200p
2200p
0.1µ
100k
11k
100k
22p
+
-from
PIN
WPU
1k
22k
22p
24.7k
1N5711
LM6142
ref out
gain bus
AD7524
LM6142
+
-+
-1n
1µ
43k
2k
100k
11.5k
PIN-LSI
Peak
Hold
Circuit
to ADC
Vth
Comp.
PIN LD
9.1k
220p
V
BLR+
V
BLR-1N5711
47n
-+
+5V
V
BLR+
V
BLR-1k
10k
10k
-+
10k
LM6142
=# F ## 45
45 # # . - +. (DB *
# # $% /- & 45
) (B/0 .#..
D# #>8? # * )
0#B / 0 . #B * ) *
45 )B # +. =B
9
*#*B*(7#
:*)B
*() 0#B 0 *
# # @ 45 0# # *
*0 0 *0 ) )7B # *0
, 3 * B # /B * / )
# *0B B
* # ## # 45 B #
#B 45 64 > "? ) ( !-) /
# - 3
# 1*,2
*0 . .
*0
' 8
1642 .
"+
" 8""
) "F * 45 #
" !
#* 45 *00#+ =B #
# +. =B #
- ) # :
= Q 0#B *0# ;*0B
/ # )( B ) #
#B
E..;S #B =B*
) .. 4 B )7 # #
*0 ####B 7#
* " - 4 *0 ) .
# ) 0 # # 45
# !
45 # *0 ( * ; # *0B ) 7
# :* # * . # 0 45 )(
B *( ) 7 * 45 *
; # *0B # ) # # ) *
45 # * & * #
) 6..A
, # #.B(# /4(#
) .(D B) )*) # #
( .. (D ;D 0# ! = ;D B
(..*DB9.(D $B)
*** B ( * 9 ) # 6
#
.;D # #* ):#
D@#* 45 *0# &#:1E =2
K * .. K *
(a) 600 keV
(b) 6 MeV
30mV (=3keV)
100mV (=10keV)
+ ,
, # 1 * 2 B
) )# )
9( ) # /#
* # * 45 B #
# B '6
V
BLR+
V
BLR-2I
D1
D2
2I
OFF
V
BLR+
V
BLR-2I
D1
D2
2I
OFF
V
BLR+
V
BLR-I
2I
D1
D2
I
(a)
(b)
(c)
=# 8F ' (
* 0# 8 / 0#B #
B @ **) 12 =
B 7 # 1)2 /
#B 7B @
12B # 9( # B
'6 (
*#*0'6 .;D
0# . # *0 # *B
.. '6 )0
>3ms
~300µs
+, -
'6 7 # #B * ) ) )
7 B )
4 #* B '6 #B
-# # * 3 ) ) $B #* 3
& ' # 7 )-# 7
*7#B #*"8 D D
/ 7 # '6 # #
/#B7)@
) * / 9 * # # 0#
* # 12"DB 1)2.DB 12
D , ( 6 7 ) # *
Am spectrum at -10deg
0
200
400
600
800
1000
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
ADC Channel
cts
(a) V=4.6V
(b) V=5.0V
(c) V=5.6V
(a) (b)
(c)
=# F * ) #
)G # 4 )
$B ) "
B ) * B # B *
# # 6;" &*
4 0 *B 0 # GB 0# 12 4 B
7 # @ ( 4 *1)2B 0 #
4 B'6 # / #B
)###B@(
-+
-+
V
BLR+
V
BLR-+5V
-+
-+
V
BLR+
V
BLR-+5V
(a)
(b)
=# F '6
# , # *"8 DB 7 #
) *DK . *DK *D #K G 0K *
9 (DK..(DK.(D #
45 " (DB )( ) G #
* *B *
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
Gain Amp offset (keV)
-16
-12
-8
-4
0
4
8
Shaper offset (keV)
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Gain Amp offset (mV)
Voltage (V)
default
(a) 2k+zenor
(b) 1k+10k
+5VA - PIN offset Voltage
by Load
Bus-V
=# F @ '6 7 D# )
9 #
. / "01 +$0
* 45-64 45-64 * 6
D /# # # *06DB #
#9(B)* )'6
*#*0 '6 .;D#0# "
, * # *
* 0# .
~200µs
>3ms
=# "F 7 * )(C F ' '6 B F
/ '6
,0 <)9# * 0#
, # . ;D ) # *0B
2 4 1
A m
PIN Diodes
Random
Pulse
Generator
PIN Preamplifier
t o
gain amp
(30 MeV)
=# F # 45
# # * 45 , 45
%-1( .(D2* 241
/* * *
0# G # .
;D #B (B ( ) (
7 ) . ;D # , * B
)( &*B * '6 ,
( * * * )( 4
A * '6 *"A
, 0 ) # # # # # , *
* # /* ) # 4
0# + * 7 B (
A ($G # # 45 B #
,
$2
/ 1 "2B *
* )(# 4 ( ## # 9 B
) ## ) *)# #
)B #
##* 9 56B ## #
0# ! + ## # -##
Reset
Reset
delay
Sw
Sw
Sw
Sw
Sw
Sw
Sw
ADC Done
TRIG
Trigger Pattern
Double
Trigger
Detection
Analog
Busy
Sw
PMT UD
SUD
Sw
PSD Slow
LD
Sw
Sw
clock
clock
4 µs
retriggerable
pulse gen.
retrig. LD
to Dead Time
Counter
PMT UD-SW
SUD-SW
PSD Out
Reset
Reset
Reset
4µs delay
DELAYED_TRIG
Watch Dog
Timer
Reset
Wait
Reject or
ADC Done
Wait
Analog Busy
Released
PH/PSD
Reset
Generate
Reset
P/H Reset
PSD Reset
to Peak Hold
Gate
PSD Trig
Wait & Reset
Sequence
PMT LD-T
PIN LD 0-T
PIN LD 1-T
PIN LD 2-T
PIN LD 3-T
Pseudo-T
SUD
Trailing-T
ANALOG_BUSY
Reject
Reject
to ADC controller
PMT Trig-Flag
PIN Trig-Flag
SUD Trig-Flag
Pseudo
Trig-Flag
Sources for Rejet & Analog Busy
Trigger Sources
PIN LD 0
PIN LD 1
PIN LD 2
PIN LD 3
Pseudo
Pulse
ANODE_LD
SUD
Trailing
Sw
SUD-SW
UD-SW
Reset Flag
Sw
: Switch (by a command)
clock : 5 MHz
retrig. LD
clock
Sw
PIN DBL
PMT DBL
=# !F ## # #* , 1 9 562
#C-# * # 1/5& 62B
-# * " 45- 1 45 62B B
* 132 #
, -## B -= = 1 4 #2B #
, * -## B 4 # ) )
) 45- &
) * # ) ) # ##
-##))B#0
* ) *# :#* " B
*- * #B 45 # (
= B 6/O 4 # # " 4 #B
&3 = *B &3 #
# * '& B :
-9 9 * @#
*@#**# ##
*#
, # 0 B ( # 1B B " 2
) /## ) ) /B /. ;,K!! *5
= 45#B!) ) *#*
/ /B =4=& 9 (
/5/6& '3O# ) # 9 * #
9 0# 8
1us
2us
3us
4us
5us
6us
7us
8us
9us
10us 11us 12us
0us
Hit Pattern
Trigger (sync.)
PH Gate
PH FAST
PH SLOW
PMT S/H
PIN S/H
Data Latch (
ADC)
Slow LD
Delayed Trg
PSD.out
PSD trig
LD
PH RST
ADC Done
PSD RST
5MHz sync. clock
When PSD is required for Trigger decision, PSD out is
verified at Delayed Trig. timing. If PSD out is non-active,
Wait & Reset sequence starts immediately.
Reset
=# 8F *# 9
,3 0/
# # :
; 6 45 6 "& : #
) K7 ) **
;3F , ; * @#
;3 F , 3* @# 1 +2
/ 6##T &3E'&F,##)/6B):#
'&
" 45 6 T/6##T &3E'&F,###B
; # :# '&
+., . +(*, 4#
)## #B9/#'# 4/#
)# B 9 /# ) # #
) (# & # #
;-6 F , * @#
;3F * 12
;3 F * 12
" 6-0F , * @# "
12 1"2 # # 12
6-# * B * $ 1"2
# 0B # # # 4#
" B *-
1 2 12 # ) ) # /
) K7 ) ** ; 45$4'4 ,
@ * # ) # # @B
) )* 4 * )(# )B
* * **(*
** *B ) -(
+, % * ( * ## )B
+., - / * *
/3 , 3 # ## B
* 45 * )*
) *# *) 9 *
*( * * ) ) * )
)* # >"B ?
+, 5 ' )# ## -## #B 8 )
6 16*2# ,** )
*# # 6 9
4 * 6 B *( (##
) #*##B
## * ) @ , ( ##
) #
7 # ) *B
*B
) 6 # ) 3#B
# # 6 #
0))
# # * # .. ;D # 0#
. * *B
, * ( 6 # # B *))
Inhibited by UD
=# .F 12 12 # 6 * .. ;D
# *) ( ## # ) *
) ) 3
=B# (##) 0B ) *
## D & #
, * * . D
, ) " # 0 ( GB )
-@@ 4 B # ) . D
(b)
Threshold level
Threshold level
(a)
=#F # 6* ##
12 ) B1)2
+, 6 * 6 #B 3 #
) 8 ) 3 # 0B ) #
* / ## 3
! "
&
4 $%B # ) #B##
'# #G
B )* $%G# ##
#..;DB *## #
# ) *# *B #
* 7 # #
/B)##
B 9 7 ) # $B
* #B * ) * ) #
)* # * # # ) *
=*B * $% %
) * #B # ".A
)* * >+?
*(7*##
4 *(# # ##B **
*( * 9( 4 *
* * # #
# 9* )B #
# ,0*) #
B #**G 7 4 B
## 0 ) B * * #
$
Dynode-out
Anode-out
K
G
Dy1
Dy2
Dy3
Dy4
Dy5
Dy6
Dy7
Dy8
P
0.047µF
0.01
0.01
0.01
1M
1M
Rd=
390k
Ra=
1M
Ω
Cc=
4.7n
Cc=
4.7nF
HV
1M
1M
1M
1M
1M
1M
1M
1M
1M
1M
=# "F #* #) > !?
) # # )
) * # #*
) ) 0# " > !? # )
$/;/;/3 # 1 -.+2B #B ;SB
=# " *0 # ) ,
( * * #
# ..$GB+.A*B(
) *
+
4## )B )9(B 9* #)
# #
,#:B#)*#B*#
)*# 4 #B# @ )
B @ # *
4 )GB ) $B
< * # # $% B
* G ) ,
( * )B ) )*
B 0 E.. (S E.. = 0# " 7
(a)
(b)
> 6ms
~ 1V
=# " F *0 .. ;D # )
* * *
Dynode-out
Anode-out
K
G
Dy1
Dy2
Dy3
Dy4
Dy5
Dy6
Dy7
Dy8
P
0.015µF
0.01
0.01
0.01
R22
=100k
62V
100k
1M
1M
Rd=
50k
Ra=
50k
Cc=
440p
Cc=
440p
HV
1M
1M
1M
1M
1M
1M
1M
1M
1M
1M
1M
1M
1M
1M
=# "F #* )B =# ;
100µs
100µs
100mV
100mV
(a) without R22
(b) with R22=100k
Ω
#) G)(
* 4 *B 0# ( <#
)*)( & #B 7
G ) =* 9* )B E.. (S 4
G )( *B G #
* G G ,
;SB ;S ## #
/ )B 9 # #
) *) 1 ;2 ## # $B
) # # ) B
*# *
#
) * B # * # =
&# *B @ * )# .. B / *
) UEK !.SE .=##)
E..(S &
B ##* #)
# 7 )* * #
# 7*0#"B*0
.. ;D , * * ..
.. ) # # * = "+. =
(a)Cc=1nF
(b)Cc=470pF
~ 300µs
~ 500µs
=# "F 7 * ) #
,-
4B *
)B )( *0
1 2 $B #
@ # ) 0# " /
1$DE!.DB ; # 2. 5
HV
I
B
=
60µA
R
a
=50k
-4e
An
C
c
=440p
+3e
R
d
=50k
I
A
last Dy
C
c
=440p
A
B
0.01µ
68V
12 * #
A
B
0.01µ
68V
HV
I
B
=
60µA
R
a
=50k
-4e
An
C
c
=440p
+3e
R
d
=50k
I
A
last Dy
C
c
=440p
1)2 # #
=# "F @ # ) 12 * #B 1)2
# #
, # :B # B # 9(
# /# ;B # # #
) *- .(2"". = E , /
= ;D# '&B # )
(
E
1"2
"...2. 212.
22 2. 0
1" 2
! .2. 0
1"2
5B B /
* ;DB 9* <
*B ; #B * # #
* "
E B # )
" 1""2
* # * ) $B #
.. ;DB ) * # 0# "1)2 )
# /
/#B#')G)
# # 9(
4 #B #
G ) ) B *
G ) 0# "+12 # *0
.. ;D 0# "+1)2 , #
B :0 ) $B G ) (
( # )B ) *#
# # 9( # B )
HV
I
B
=
60µA
R
a
=50k
-4e
An
C
c
=440p
+3e
R
d
=50k
I
A
last Dy
C
c
=440p
A
B
0.47µ
0.47µ
12 )
G
1)2 *0 ..
;D
=# "+F * .. ;D G
** )
4 # # #B 0 * D G
0# "!1)2 * )# (
# D 7 *B0#"81)2
* $B#)#B
)* G # 1.. =2 #
G *( # #
B ) , # ) B #
B # B ' * *
B* =.+D
)## *B 10# "!122,
*.. (S.(S )### * 14
* / ) * B @
2 ,
9( # G *
.. ;D 0# "812
**G * & # 7 )
0#". , # ) D
(a) Normal type
(b) The zenor type
(c) 2 diode type
R
a
C
c
R
a
C
c
(a) The Normal type
(b) The Zenor type
(c) 2 diode type
> 100 µs
3.5V
1.2V
0.3V
~70 µs
12 & #
1)2 *
PMT
Bleeder
GSO/BGO
small phoswich
LED
VME
preamp
gainamp
shaper, P/H
gate
generators
Anode LD
Fast amp
An
Dy
137
Cs
1kHz
ADC gate
star conversion
P/H gate
PSD gate
PSD reset
Voltage
generator
=# "F **# 6
- *- $
=* ) B *# 0
#* ) 0# " , 0 * # )
) @# @# *
+
$
* )B10#"2B
1 - 2 ) @# 7 B
* # ) 4 * B
6# *# 162 : # * )
B* 0#
" # * ):# #B
*-B * & * '&B *)B
) (D-) 137
,(-#B*
- * # 6 , * #
* ** = # B ,
-=#*B * =#*B D; *
9
,
# #) -*)0#"
=# " F * )
E D
K
R 4
1D
K 2 2B / (D (
9 *
=* B # ) # *
/B#-*) )
*)# ( , 7 #
B )##
* & B *)B4
". / ) * #) )
. "
$
4 B 7 * $
0 7 ) # B *
*B 6#..;D
*B ) # *# 6 # 9
, # ) # # #
6B))#*#
,( # ..;DB*
# * , ( 9 B"..
( * B **
7 * & ) B ) -.
,
) 137
.. $G ($G 6 B #
#) )* # * )
7* &($G:B*) )#
*) # B *))#*
) * * 9(
#
(#0#"" G #
.. ;D #B ) (
() ) *) A .. $G B
A ($G ( B # -
# # $B ( )#
# " ($G ) G
) ( # ) $B
)* #B ) ) < #
#B ) # )
B#* )#B*(#
#
# # ) .. $G -)
-*B ) <
( 1 "
$
4B)(7## $B
07 ##*- ,*
9 * B 22
5 %-
, # * ($G .. ($G ) ## 4
* B * 7 *
,
#(0#" #-. #
#B) * * 7 #
# ) * ) " ($G , #
( # * , ( A
.($GB * # #
< ) B
* )B * *
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Fast shaping (Volt)
Slow shaping (Volt)
12 1 ($G2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Fast shaping (Volt)
Slow shaping (Volt)
1)2 R ..$G 6 1&# '2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Fast shaping (Volt)
Slow shaping (Volt)
12 R ($G 6 1&# '2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Fast shaping (Volt)
Slow shaping (Volt)
12 R ..$G 6 15 '2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Fast shaping (Volt)
Slow shaping (Volt)
12 R ($G 6 15'2
12 #
12 #
R
a
C
c
Pulse
generator
HV
preamplifier
linearity check circuit
=* B * )# ( =
* )B ;D ) # ,
* # , #
)* # )# B *
$%
%
(# * )B @#* 1$%-/2B
@# * 1$%-2 ) *) *) 88! ,
#- 0* # *B
) ) $ @# * =;
$%B -)# 4/
#
.-4 9 ) *B $% *B
0 .
( 45 B *
) * # #
RI
HXD-S
4M cable
AE
PM DE
QL machines
5 /-20
°
c
Polystyrene
=# F =# ;
= 0 B *
/ # 0#
B $%- * *) *
B )
# $%-/ # "*)B * )
B 9 ) * #
12 ( @# * @#* / 1#2
0# 12 1)2 G / ".2+.2" ** 3
12 1)2 / )
=# F @#* /
# ,
'9# * B 0* * # B
# # * , * )
# #*0B * *0
## #*0 # 1 2
* # 0#
-G # * # = B
# *0#B (DED
B . (D E . *D 45
0 N #NB 6A B 6 "A
45 4 45 ) *# *B
*) / * 1".8 B
45 2
=* B # (D - !.! (D
*B 8! (D - 8 (D 45 # **G
) * #B *
#1*D2 # 1(D2
.- . - !.!
45 " - . 8! - 8
) F # @# * , 3 * 0
# 6A B 6 "A 45
# $% - #
/ B )# B * * )(#
( 0 )(#*
4B)*(<
$ /- " $ %"$&
& * * 1 2: '&
* # & 9
-* * ) 1,..2
0#" , B # & '& B
)**B #
# # # , '& *
7 :
=# * * 0#
)(## *)#*B
) * * ) '&
* )* #* *
)):# -** GB#
#*0
4 *10# )*2B(.(D
152
& 1)E. AB " ;D -B
-2. 14
2>"B!? *) (). K
/* B **)(# #
*) &# A # *) B
( 0# 7 '&
*
4- "$ $
/ B # * * ( #
& B )(# $B
-* * B # B *
)# * 1, '&*2 , * #B
) < ) * B
# < 9 *B
** * '& *G
) - * B )(#
*# *
4 < 7 #B -*
* & B 0# 1)2 =# 12
: #( '& (B
8
W00 Background spectrum (No selection)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Fast (channel)
Slow (channel)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
W00 Background spectrum (HP,PSD selection)
Fast (channel)
Slow (channel)
Total spectrum
Bg spectrum at 5deg (16 units summed)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Energy (keV)
cts/unit
Sepected spectrum
0
20
40
60
80
100
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Energy (keV)
cts/unit
=# F # * , .. )(# F12
* ) 1 2 1 2 $
1 ) 2 12 #* *
& '&B *# # * '&
& * 0# +B 0
* B
# )*+ E
) 1. 081
20 201 1 22 ) 81 2 12
B B B
B
B
B #*B ( (B
-*& (B
81,
2* )
) 81, 2E Z 0 0 2
&, 1 2
0# + '&*
* ( )* * 4
*) '& )* # * & =
*B * '& ( 1 )
)=12E .88+2B '& & ..FB '& *
) " A & ( $B 0# *) '&
##* # , '&F& ..F ..(DB
!F .(DB F .(D
7 *0 ) B*(
+
400 keV
Separation of GSO / BGO (5deg)
1
10
-1000
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
channel
cts
150 keV
1
10
10
2
10
3
-1000
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
channel
cts
80 keV
1
10
10
2
-1000
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
channel
cts
50keV
1
10
-1000
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
channel
cts
12 * ) )# *
0#1)2
GSO
BGO
fast
slow
90º
1)2 / #
PSD cut line
BGO contamination
BGO
GSO
p
1
area a
1
p
2
σ
2
w
σ
2
σ
1
area a
2
=# +F 0 '& *
& (
#*0'&#).*&B
*) '& * )* # ). (D #B
* 0# ! 4 0#B B E
!B8B B & ()-88AB8AB
!+A #& (
, * '& ) # * & . (D B
. (D , - ! * & (B '&
* "A & . (D & B B
+
$ /- ( "
, : '& B
: * ) 7 =# 8
* : ) * B F )
$ B F $ ) : " B )*F $
) # ! , $ 7
)(#B)(#@ (B() B
* # )(# ) * ) # ! #
: $B # *) # *)
:B 9 *
Background Spectrum at 5deg (16 unit summed)
Effect of the Hit Pattern selection
10
-5
10
-4
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Energy (keV)
Flux (cts/sec/keV/cm2)
top : no HPsel
2nd: HPsel by 4units
3rd : HPsel by 8units
=# 8F 7 $ '(# *
=#.*: ,:
9 ) .. (DB #0 ( !. (D
()Q
*' 1+"!(DB++ (D2 '&/# :
9*##)..(DB7*(#
: # ) )*
0# . ( B *
* * 7 :
: ) ## ".-+..(D
( ) , A :
# # ".-+.. (DB !A : (
rejected events
Events rejected by Hit Pattern
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
x 10
-4
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Energy (keV)
flux (cts/s/keV/cm2)
ratio of rejected events
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Energy (keV)
flux (cts/s/keV/cm2)
=# .F 12 # * : ) $ 1)*2
:
: ".-+.. (D 1A2 ( 1A2
" ! 6 !
+
B * )) /*#
)B)):)#")B
0102. 0
2.2
E. 8A 12
- 0102. 0
2.2 E. +!A 1"2
# : ) B # #
# !
$ $ 5 $
* # # ) $%B
)(# )
=* #* '& & 7 # 10# 2B
( ) * '&&* 7
B # )(# *
0#
# # ) .. (D B @
2. 0 0 * 0 (D 0
. (D #B )(# 2. 0 0 * 0 (D 0
..(DB 2. 0 0 * 0 (D 0
) .. (D
W00
Bg spctrum of HXD at 5 deg
10
-5
10
-4
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Energy (keV)
Flux (cts/s/keV/cm2)
# - , )
4 0 * : 7 #
0# $B 0 ( * - = - B
-B 22
5 133
' - ..
B " ' B 5 "! * * * 45
/ 0#B # #
, * )(#B *
*0# B#*)
,0 ) #B**B 0#) B
# # B *#
# * *( * / B
# !.(D * '
## , -
-/ 0 )
$B $% *
*B0 .
B )
=# * 9 0 .
,
** #B *()B(DQ '
# 1E. (D1=,$;2 ++A 11K2
* # # *B ) ".-+..
(D # **G ) ,
(D ** A .A
# 1(D2 1=,$;2
1A2 1=,$;2 0 .
1A2
' - ++ 6
' ! 8 6 . "" 6 .+
' " 6 . 6 .
5 6 . . 6 .
) F # 9
0 .
)
=# 45 *9 0 .
(D !(D *
' # 8A 1=,$;2 (DB 8 A
! (D 45 , 45
Total spectrum
Ba+Na spectrum at 5 deg (16 units summed)
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
0.03
0.035
0.04
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Energy (keV)
Flux (cts/s/keV/cm2)
Selected spectrum
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
x 10
-2
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Energy (keV)
Flux (cts/s/keV/cm2)
=# F **#*) ) 133
' 22
5
"! * * 45 0# F12 * )
Ba+Na at -20deg (W10)
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
100
200
300
400
500
Energy (keV)
Flux (cts/s/keV/cm2)
Ba 31keV
Ba 81keV
Ba 303keV
Ba 356keV
Na 511keV
=# F # * 1.2) 0 .
) 133
' 22
5 "! * * 45 (D
PIN W10-pin3
1
10
10
2
10
3
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Energy (keV)
Counts
Ba 31 keV
Ba 81 keV
=# "F # * 45 1.-2 ) 0 .
) 133
' "! * * 45 (D ! (D
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, # $ %- 1$%2 ) *
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# # B # #
, # * *
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.. $G .. ;D # B . ($G -(D -
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