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Annual Report of Pro Natura Fund Vol.18 2009
A regional approach to botanical training
for the next generation
James V. LaFrankie
Asia Tropical Ecology Network, Inc Philippines
The proposed program to train students and staff in the techniques of botanical documentation was highly successful. All goals with regard to Cat Tien National Park were met, and additionally two other National Parks Bi Doup National Park in the Central Highlands, and Nui Chua on the east coast have requested to join in partnership, and implement a coordinated program whereby all 3 parks develop documented floristic checklists. These 2 additional Parks sent staff to Cat Tien to join the program and detailed plans were drawn for full implementation in 2009.
1 Training in family-genus field identification of trees for 15 student/staff participants. 2 Training in methods of botanical documentation:
ンPlant specimen collection and drying
ンScientific photography of botanically critical features ンPreparation of checklists
ンDevelopment of a local Botanical Database
3 Initial development of Botanical Documentation for Cat Tien Park ンCollection of 164 fertile specimens for storage in the ITB herbarium ンPreparation of initial checklist
ンPreparation of initial database of photographs for 112 species. 4 Planning session:
ンFull implementation planned for 3 parks in southern Vietnam with agreement and coordination among park directors
ンDevelopment of detailed budget and schedule for full implementation over 18 month schedule.
This project in Vietnam represents 1/3 of an initial program consisting of 3 training sessions in 3 ASEAN countries. The specific objective of the overall project is to conduct the basic botanical inventories of biodiversity ‘hotspots’: Cat Tien National Park in Vietnam, St. Paul National Park in Palawan, Philippines, and 3 National Parks adjacent to Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia.
The program will be launched with 3 3-week sessions. The distinction here is that the 3 sessions will be intimately linked because they will be conducted as botanical training sessions for a new generation of national botanists.
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At each site students and prospective botanists will learn identification skills as they learn to make field collections, to prepare herbarium specimens, to store label information in a database and compile a local checklist.
The initial plan was to have young botanists from each country work with one another in each site. While this may still be feasible, it requires a greater range of permits and letters of approval than had been anticipated. The evolving plan then is to start each national program on its own and link the programs through meetings and the internet.
The output from these sessions will be basic inventory material for 3 biodiversity hotspots including a database checklist. But the most important outcome will be 15 young scientists well-trained in the identification and preparation of botanical material.
As the inaugural program, the Vietnam session proved a special success in that 2 National Parks in addition to Cat Tien, each a critical site in Vietnam as well as the region, asked to join the program, and to develop their own program of botanical documentation. Following this pattern, we now have 9 sites in 3 countries identified to begin the regional program.
One other significant addition to the program was the completion of the book by the lead investigator, Trees of Tropical Asia: An Illustrated Guide to Diversity’. This volume of 700 pages and over 3,500 digital photographs is the first ever compendium of all families and genera in the ASEAN Tropical Region, providing in a single volume a guide to all the different kinds of trees a student is likely to encounter. Significantly, the volume is also the first compilation of the families in accordance with the latest advances in molecular biology and phylogenetics, bringing the arrangement of families into accord with the most modern view. While the completion of the book necessarily delayed the program’s implementation, it can now serve as a basic reference in the training sessions as well as a guide to the further development of the checklists.
Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam is one of the most important lowland forests remaining in the lower Mekong Basin. It is one of the last homes for the endangered rhinoceros. The flora is exceeding rich and while many plant lists have been prepared the collections and other documentation are still very poor. No plant collecting equipment or facilities were available when we arrived, although many of the staff were very knowledgeable about the forest flora.
Besides its rich flora and fauna, the Park is home to many indigenous people and the site of much anthropological work. Only five hours from Ho Chi Minh City, the Park is also a major tourist attraction. It has excellent physical facilities with many buildings, good electricity and cottages and canteens for guests.
The trees of Cat Tien National Park include about 65 families and over 200 genera. Durn our field sessions we learned how to identify the families and genera of trees based on vegetative leaf and bark characters. These are especially important in tropical forests because many trees flower at supra-annual cycles and only for short periods of time. Consequently, many species in a particular place will only be known by sterile collections until flowers or fruit are obtained.
Field sessions consisted of working in different habitats in the park and collecting 50 different trees. Students and staff made their own personal collections and kept notes on the details by which a family or genus could be recognized. The pre-print of ‘Trees of Tropical Asia’ was used as the basic documentary guide.
取平平イ取 取 Photo1取 Vietnam meeting
Photo3取 Park Headquarters
Photo4取 Park access from a river
Photo2取 Cat Tien
Photo5取 The National Park Director giving his welcoming presentation
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Photo6取 Colona Floribunda
The distinction between a checklist of names and a documented checklist was explained and demonstrated. The first is simply a list of names - they might be right or wrong and there is no way to know. “Where did this name come from?”
“Who employed it, and based on what?” A documented checklist answers those questions with specific information.
Undocumented Checklist: Colona serratifolia
Documented Checklist : Colona floribunda Craib, determined by Do Tan Hoa September 17, 2008, based on specimen ITB 126; description as follows; see photo6.
Instructions were given on the proper preparation of botanical specimens. The details include: 1 How to choose and cut good quality specimens; 2 The different methods for drying specimens; 3 How to preserve specimens in the field;
4 How to store and preserve specimen in the herbarium.
In the age of the digital camera, making a record of the form and color of the flower and fruit is both possible and extremely valuable because, unlike the leaf, these details of reproductive organs are small, fragile, and change greatly upon drying. The basic techniques of field photography are demonstrated.
100 records scattered in separate fields are of little value. When lists of names, notes, specimens and photographs are assembled and linked through a database, the entirety becomes extremely valuable. The basic design of an functioning of a simple database is demonstrated.
GENUS: Colona SPECIES: floribunda AUTHOR: Craib
CITATION: Fl. Siam. Enum. 189 1925 . SPECIMENS: ITB Cat Tien National Park 126 FIELD DESCRIPTION: Small tree; 7 cm DBH, DETERMINATION NOTES, Determined by Do Tan Hoa September 17, 2008, based on specimen ITB Cat Tien National Park 126 compared to Ho’s Flora of Vietnam.
Nui Chua National Park does not present the most spectacular forests of Vietnam’s because it is in the driest area of the country, and one of the driest in all of Tropical Asia. But especially because of the dry climate and the proximity of the ocean, the forests here include some of the most rare and threatened plants in Vietnam.
Although the Park includes well protected forest on the ocean facing slopes, all of the surrounding land has been cleared
取平平ウ取 取 Photo7取 Dr. LaFrankie delivering field lecture
Photo9取 Course in Botanical Documentation prerparing specimens
Photo8取 Course in Botanical Documentation with big Tetrameles
and is badly degraded by invasive species. Much of the land is stripped of all vegetation.
The Park Director, Mr. Kia, warmly welcomed the ITB staff and University students and requested for one of his staff to join the training program. Also, plans were developed for a formal documentation of the Park Flora.
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Bi Doup National Park outside the city of Dalat in the Central Highlands of Vietnam is one of the most important refuges for the mountain plants and animals of Mainland Southeast Asia. It is still a very large and undisturbed area that includes hundreds of species threatened elsewhere, and many new to science.
The Park Director spent a day with Mr. Vinh, D. LaFrankie and the group in showing us the Park. He assigned one of his staff to join the training program and welcomed a full implementation of the botanical documentation program to be led by the Institute of Tropical Biology.
The plan for a full botanical documentation of the 3 National Parks, integrated and shared among the three, was the idea of Mr. Vinh of ITB. The proposed program will have the following features:
取平平ェ取 取 Photo10取 Nui Cha Natinal Park, central east of Vietnam,
looking from the ocean's edge to ward the virgin forests, one of the driest forest in Tropical Asia
Photo12取 Bi Doup National Park Headquarters, meeting with Mr.Vinh, Dr. LaFrankie and Park Director and visiting scientists
Photo11取 Deforested land on the western side of Nui Cha National Park, stripped and used for drying ocean salt
Photo13取 Bi Doup National Park, Dr. LaFrankie, Mr.Vinh and Park Director visit the site of rare Pinus kempfii
The requirements are for 2 full-time staff to serve as collectors and photographers for 18 months. The program will be led by ITB.
The individual Parks will sponsor and carry out the collecting program with all necessary permissions to be obtained by the National Park Directors.
Dr. LaFrankie will conduct the necessary further training offer further assistance in specimen preparation, identification, photography and database development.
Specimens will be stored at the herbarium at ITB, although efforts will be made to develop on-site facilities for storage of demonstration specimens.
The written details of the documentation will be stored in a database and shared via the internet among the 3 sites, and thus available for all people of Vietnam and the world.
Dr. LaFrankie will aid the fund raising efforts of the National Park Directors and ITB with a goal of starting work in 2009.
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Photo16取 Eunymus Celasrtraceae
Photo18取 Medinillia Melastomataceae
Photo15取 Grewia Malvaceae
Photo17取 Viburnum Adoxaceae
Photo19取 Exbucklandia Hamemelidaceae
取平年0取 取 Photo20取 Colona Malvaceae
Photo21取 Syzygium Myrtaceae Photo22取 Uvaria Annonaceae
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ハュンヂダゝヴメンネ゙ンチ第18期 助成成果報告書 2009
要約
地域ケォヴャ゚ハュヴス よる 世代
植物学者養成ダヤヴッンエ
グゟヴヘケン V ンメネメンゥヴ
ベダヂヘ ィセゾ゛゠ン Cat Tien 国立公園 MAB
ト゜アケネ゙ヴ保護区 い 植物学ダヤヴッン
エカヴケを実施 ィセゾ゛゠ン国立公園 ホヴ
スプン 近郊 あり ベカン 沿岸 地部 熱帯
地林 残る数少 い貴 場所 ある 国立公園
滅 惧種 グホワキ゜ 棲息 り そ 植
物相 極 豊 ある 公園ケシセネ 植物 対
る知識 大変 れ いる 植物標曓 採
管理 機材 ほ ん 整備 れ ら 植
物標曓 資料 蓄積 十分 い
ダヤヴッンエ カヴケ 2008 9月 行わ れ ベダ
ヂヘ 国立公園ケシセネ 学生15 参加 ダ
ヤヴッンエ 主 内容 1 外 る科ヤベャ
定 ダヤヴッンエ 2植物学的記載 作
成方法 ダヤヴッンエ 3ィセゾ゛゠ン国立公園
植物資料 作成 4将来計画 策定 あ
科ヤベャ 定 ダヤヴッンエ
国立公園 生育 る65科 200余属 樹木を葉や幹
特長 よ 科 属 ヤベャ 識別 る
ダ ヤ ヴ ッ ン エ を 行 開 花 規 則 東 ゚ グ
゚ 熱 帯 林 う 特 長 定 極
要 あ る カ ヴ ケ 参 考 資 料 J. V.
LaFrankie著 Trees of Tropical Asia 中 を使用
植物資料 作成 樹木 スゟ
セ ェ モ ケ ダ 記 載 あ る ス ゟ セ ェ モ ケ ダ い を
説明 植物学的記載 意義を伝え 植物標曓 作
製方法 写真 役割 タヴシベヴケ 要性を解説
れら 内容 い 実 植物材料を使
ダヤヴッンエを実施 ィセゾ゛゠ン国立公園
植物資料 作成 を開始 ら 将来計
画 策定 ィセゾ゛゠ン国立公園 別 2
国立公園 ベダヂヘ中央高地 Bi Doup国立公園
東海岸 Nui Chua国立公園 3国立公園 植
物 ス ゟ セ ェ モ ケ ダ を 作 成 る ハ ュ エ メ ヘ
計画を策定 ダヤヴッンエカヴケ れら3
国立公園 ケシセネ 参加 り 2009
協 ハ ュ エ メ ヘ を 開 始 る 詳 細 実 施 計 画
立案
推薦者：伊東 明
