Preemptive and Preventive

that may trigger conflicts or criminal cases. This activity is done by providing information to the community to always be careful and prevent things that could lead to conflict, or in the form of suggestion for the community not to conduct any criminal activity in the public. An example of the activities carried out by the Western Tanjung Karang police sector bhabinkamtibmas is the banner (see Figure 9 & 10) which states out the widespread of the vehicle theft and the suggestion to use additional locks on large or main street side, in the front of the convenience store, or other public centers. I saw some of the banner also contained the picture of bhabinkamtibmas officer. I assume that this kind of activity is also a part of socializing the community policing approach in preventing crime and introducing the bhabinkamtibmas officer to the environment neighbourhood.

Figure 9. Warning the danger of vehicle stolen in the main road

Figure 10. The profile picture of bhabinkamtibmas with warning the danger of vehicle stolen in the front of convenience store

Preventive activities should also be done by Bhabinkamtibmas, the pattern of which is to provide early warning of a threat and then to follow up by visiting or inviting the threatened parties to do peaceful dialogue and find solutions to counteract the threat of crime. For example, in a case happened in the Western Tanjung Karang police sector, there were two neigbourhoods in Kemiling village conflicting because of the vehicle-parking problem, then both got to high words.

In order to avoid the conflicts become dilate into criminal acts, the Ketua RT (Leader of Neigbourhood group) called his Bhabinkamtibmas for meeting and reconciling (see Figure 11) those two. At these preemptive and preventive stages, the intelligence ability of Bhabinkamtibmas is expected to be capable in processing and mapping the information, whether an event has the potential conflicts that could escalate into bigger conflicts or not. I analyzed that the reason why each leader of neighbourhood group inviting the bhabinkamtibmas was to give litigious knowledge to both of conflicted neighbourhood. After the consolidation, I interviewed both parties, which had conflict about the consolidation session. A man from the first party, Mr. A, stated that he was afraid of getting in jail and being fraud if he connected with the police any further, while the latter party’s Mr. B gladed that the problem was solved quickly with his neighbor, although he also stated that he avoided having any further interaction with the bhabinkamtibmas. Both of them seemed unwilling to have any further approach with the police.

Figure 11. Consolidation in Ketua RT (Leader of neigbourhood group) house

In order to support preemptive and preventive activities, Bhabinkamtibmas is expected to build contact persons as many as possible. More contact persons mean more information to embrace the community, and demonstrate how capable bhabinkamtibmas is in conducting effective communication. The successful evidence of communication is not about how frequent the conversation happens, but how to persuade the targeted contact person to be willing to help as part of the eyes and ears for Bhabinkamtibmas. Contact persons should not be chosen only from the village officials (Figure 12), because they certainly have an obligation to establish a good relationship with the police as the fellows of government officials. The selection of contact person should contain the consideration whether they are Figures in a community, religious leaders, youth leaders or even common civilian such as ojek (motorcycle used as public transport, refers to Figure 13) driver and taxi driver who are willing to work and have the ability to see the problem clearly, so that the accuracy of the news delivered to Bhabinkamtibmas can be guaranteed. I accompanied one of bhabinkamtibmas officer for Durian Payung village/subdistrict, Brigpol. Kadim, while he was gathering the news from his contact person - bunch of ojek driver in their non-permanent station next to small food stalls. The situation was a kind of informal chats between them. While

he was sitting on the grass and drinking coffee the ojek driver were also reporting their daily situation one by one in irregular sequence because the report might stopped when the ojek drivers needed to serve the customer and fetch them.

Bhabinkamtibmas officer who kept appealing to create public safety and order dominated this session. Brigpol Kadim stated,

I want all of you (the ojek driver) to be willing to contact me if anything happen during your day. Please always be vigilant against crime, obey the traffic regulations, and maintain the safety of passengers. I won’t feel hesitant to make a report to the sector police if any of you commit such crime. If there are any accidents, please became a pioneer in reporting for traffic safety. Don't hestitate to contact me anytime.

Figure 12. Bhabinkamtibmas with main contact person at kelurahan (village government office)

Figure 13. Bhabinkamtibmas gathering the information from contact person, ojek-motorcycle taxi driver

Problem solving skill becomes important for bhabinkamtibmas, although the ability to build partnerships is the most urgent one. Every Bhabinkamtibmas

officers in order to build and maintain their partnerships with the community must own much capability. It depends not only on a personal competence which must be obtained by Bhabinkamtibmas officers from their training such as trustworthy, friendly, good communication and so on, but also on the image of the police in general. I found that the appearance of Bhabinkamtibmas officers also tends to be more modest and sometimes they do not wear a uniform when they interact with the community in daily face-to-face activities in order to dismiss the scary perception about police in the society. Bhabinkamitibmas in the public is often in the position of "psychological burden" to persuade and urge people to do good, order, justice, and legal compliance, meanwhile there are some police officers that still do wrongdoings in the community nowadays.

In the Western Tanjung Karang Police Sector, the community policing approach strategies done based on general duty of Binmas unit done by bhabinkamtibmas in details is mentioned in the following⁶¹:

1) Door to door activity in their foster village (Sambang - Patrol) 2) Problem Solving

3) Arranging and securing the community activities 4) Receiving information about criminal acts happen

5) Providing temporary protection to those who are lost, victims of crime 6) Participating in provide aid to disaster victims and natural disease

outbreaks

61 Based on Indonesian Chief Police Regulation No.3/2015 on community policing, article 27

7) Providing guidance and instructions to the public or community on public security and order problems and police services.

Based on the research conducted on Western Tanjung Karang Police Sector, it is known that this police sector has managed various service activities in public security order, which is a form of CP implementation. Police should know how to put people not merely as objects but also as partners⁶² of policing implementation and problem solving inherently which is more crucial process rather than handling the formal procedural process. The service activities of public security orders are focused on the role of the police in the field of preventive action, implemented by Binmas unit, through the task implementation of 34 Bhabinkamtibmas officers of Western Tanjung Karang Police sector, in which each officer fosters one village territory. The main activities of Bhabinkamtibmas include patroling activities and sambang, educating and socializing with the community, coaching and training the security guards, holding rembug pekon - FKPM (police community partnership forum), and coordinating meetings with other agencies and community groups⁶³.